>>> import urllib.request
>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
- >>> print(f.read(100).decode('utf-8'))
+ >>> try:
+ ... print(f.read(100).decode('utf-8'))
+ ... finally:
+ ... f.close()
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtm
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(auth_handler)
# ...and install it globally so it can be used with urlopen.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
- urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/login.html')
+ with urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/login.html') as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
:func:`build_opener` provides many handlers by default, including a
:class:`ProxyHandler`. By default, :class:`ProxyHandler` uses the environment
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, proxy_auth_handler)
# This time, rather than install the OpenerDirector, we use it directly:
- opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html')
+ with opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html') as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
Adding HTTP headers:
req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
# Customize the default User-Agent header value:
req.add_header('User-Agent', 'urllib-example/0.1 (Contact: . . .)')
- r = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+
:class:`OpenerDirector` automatically adds a :mailheader:`User-Agent` header to
every :class:`Request`. To change this::
import urllib.request
opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
- opener.open('http://www.example.com/')
+ with opener.open('http://www.example.com/') as f:
+ print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
Also, remember that a few standard headers (:mailheader:`Content-Length`,
:mailheader:`Content-Type` and :mailheader:`Host`)
projects / thirdparty / Python / cpython.git / commitdiff
