@itemize @bullet
@item
-You may wish to override the usual implicit rule for a few files whose
-names cannot be categorized syntactically but can be given in an
-explicit list.
+You may wish to override the usual implicit rule for a few
+files whose names cannot be categorized syntactically but
+can be given in an explicit list.
@item
-If you cannot be sure of the precise contents of the directories you
-are using, you may not be sure which other irrelevant files might lead
-@code{make} to use the wrong implicit rule. The choice might depend
-on the order in which the implicit rule search is done. With static
-pattern rules, there is no uncertainty: each rule applies to precisely
-the targets specified.
+If you cannot be sure of the precise contents of the directories
+you are using, you may not be sure which other irrelevant files
+might lead @code{make} to use the wrong implicit rule. The choice
+might depend on the order in which the implicit rule search is done.
+With static pattern rules, there is no uncertainty: each rule applies
+to precisely the targets specified.
@end itemize
@node Multiple Rules, Double-Colon, Static Pattern, Rules
@cindex silent operation
@cindex @@ (in commands)
@cindex -n
-Normally @code{make} prints each command line before it is executed. We
-call this @dfn{echoing} because it gives the appearance that you are typing
-the commands yourself.
+Normally @code{make} prints each command line before it is executed.
+We call this @dfn{echoing} because it gives the appearance that you
+are typing the commands yourself.
When a line starts with @samp{@@}, it is normally not echoed. The
-@samp{@@} is discarded before the command is passed to the shell. Typically
-you would use this for a command whose only effect is to print something,
-such as an @code{echo} command.
+@samp{@@} is discarded before the command is passed to the shell.
+Typically you would use this for a command whose only effect is to
+print something, such as an @code{echo} command.
When @code{make} is given the flag @samp{-n}, echoing is all that happens,
no execution. @xref{Options}. In this case and only this case, even the
The @samp{-s} flag to @code{make} prevents all echoing, as if all commands
started with @samp{@@}. A rule in the makefile for the special target
@code{.SILENT} has the same effect (@pxref{Special Targets}).
-@code{.SILENT} is essentially obsolete since @samp{@@} is more
-general.@refill
+@code{.SILENT} is essentially obsolete since @samp{@@} is more general.@refill
@node Execution, Errors, Echoing, Commands
@section Command Execution
@end group
@vindex SHELL
-The program used as the shell is taken from the variable @code{SHELL}. By
-default, the program @file{/bin/sh} is used.
+The program used as the shell is taken from the variable @code{SHELL}.
+By default, the program @file{/bin/sh} is used.
Unlike most variables, the variable @code{SHELL} will not be set from the
environment, except in a recursive @code{make}. This is because the
@cindex error (in commands)
After each shell command returns, @code{make} looks at its exit status.
If the command completed successfully, the next command line is executed in
-a new shell, or after the last command line the rule is finished.
+a new shell, or after the last command line is executed, the rule is finished.
If there is an error (the exit status is nonzero), @code{make} gives up on
the current rule, and perhaps on all rules.
obsolete because @samp{-} is more general.
When errors are to be ignored, because of either a @samp{-} or the
-@samp{-i} flag, @code{make} treats an error return just like success.
+@samp{-i} flag, @code{make} treats an error return just like success,
+except that it prints out a message telling you the status code the
+command exited with and saying that the error has been ignored.
@cindex -k
When an error happens that @code{make} has not been told to ignore,
Also, any arguments that define variable values are added to @code{MAKE},
so the sub-@code{make} gets them too. Thus, if you do @samp{make
-CFLAGS=-O}, so that all C-compilations will be optimized, the
+CFLAGS=-O}, so that all C compilations will be optimized, the
sub-@code{make} is run with @samp{cd subdir; /bin/make CFLAGS=-O}.@refill
As a special feature, using the variable @code{MAKE} in the commands of a
@samp{-p} are not put into @code{MAKEFLAGS}; these options are not passed
down.@refill
-If you don't want to pass the other the flags down, you must change the
+If you don't want to pass the other flags down, you must change the
value of @code{MAKEFLAGS}, like this:
@example
@end example
@noindent
-before doing anything else, and a line of this form:
+before doing anything else, and a line of the form:
@example
make: Leaving directory `/u/gnu/make'.
@item
The automatic variables @code{$@@}, @code{$*}, @code{$<} and @code{$%} have
-corresponding forms such as @code{$(@@F)} and @code{$(@@D)} which with only
-the filename and only the directory. @xref{Automatic}.@refill
+corresponding forms such as @code{$(@@F)} and @code{$(@@D)} which are the
+simple form (such as @code{$@@}) with only the filename and only the
+directory, respectively. @xref{Automatic}.@refill
@item
Substitution variable references. @xref{Reference}.
An implicit suffix rule @samp{@var{x}.a:} makes
@file{@var{lib}(@var{name}.o)} from @file{@var{name}.@var{x}}. In GNU
@code{make}, this is actually implemented by using one pattern rule for
-making library-archive files and rule-chaining. @xref{Chained Rules}.@refill
+making library-archive files and rule chaining. @xref{Chained Rules}.@refill
@end itemize
The Sun Unix (and probably System V) version of @code{make} fails to
than parantheses (@pxref{Reference}), and to set the @code{MFLAGS} variable
to the list of options (the same list as in @code{MAKEFLAGS}).@refill
-The remaining new features are inventions new to GNU @code{make}.
+The remaining features are inventions new to GNU @code{make}.
@itemize @bullet
@item
definitions do not override those in makefiles.
@itemize @bullet
@item
-The @samp{-c} to change directory. @xref{Options}.
+The @samp{-c} command option to change directories. @xref{Options}.
@item
Simply-expanded variables. @xref{Flavors}.
@item
-Phony targets. @xref{Phony Targets}.
+Phony targets with the special target @code{.PHONY}. @xref{Phony Targets}.
@xref{Recursion}.
Variable expansion functions. @xref{Functions}.
dependencies of the current target. @xref{Automatic}.
@item
Included makefiles never determine the default goal.
-There is a fully complete default set of implicit rules using
-file with suffixes @samp{.out}, @samp{.a}, @samp{.o},
-@samp{.s}, @samp{.c}, @samp{.f}, @samp{.p}, @samp{.F},
-@samp{.e}, @samp{.r}, @samp{.y}, @samp{.ye}, @samp{.yr} and
-@samp{.l}. @xref{Catalogue of Rules}.@refill
+There is a complete default set of implicit rules to operate on libraries,
+assembler, C, Fortran, Pascal, EFL, Ratfor, Yacc, and Lex sources and RCS
+and SCCS files. @xref{Catalogue of Rules}.
@item
-Leading sequences of @samp{./} are stripped from file names,
-so that @file{./@var{file}} and @file{@var{file}} are
-considered to be the same file.
+Leading sequences of @samp{./} are stripped from file names, so that
+@file{./@var{file}} and @file{@var{file}} are considered to be the same file.
@item
Stripping leading sequences of @samp{./} from file names, so that
Dependencies of the form @samp{-l@var{name}} are searched for
@item
Intermediate implicit files. @xref{Chained Rules}.
+
+@item
+@item
Special search method for library dependencies written in the form
@samp{-l@var{name}}. @xref{Libraries/Search}.
projects / thirdparty / make.git / commitdiff
