tree-wide: replace all readdir cycles with FOREACH_DIRENT{,_ALL} (#4853)

diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index 74183b5f47ee6b68cf80bda81ae0bb2f07696922..00d1cd01fa78c347e3bf7d4e50479e64a67f58b0 100644 (file)
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ External:
 
 Janitorial Clean-ups:
 
-* replace manual readdir() loops with FOREACH_DIRENT or FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL
-
 * Rearrange tests so that the various test-xyz.c match a specific src/basic/xyz.c again
 
 Features:

diff --git a/src/basic/fd-util.c b/src/basic/fd-util.c
index 5c820332a5dd1417663c31a4f269a3d5c440b796..19ad20789b7cb9d8e2f558f16d4768576b8510e5 100644 (file)
--- a/src/basic/fd-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/fd-util.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fs-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
@@ -234,12 +235,9 @@ int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
                 return r;
         }
 
-        while ((de = readdir(d))) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
                 int fd = -1;
 
-                if (hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name))
-                        continue;
-
                 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
                         /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
                         continue;

diff --git a/src/basic/fs-util.c b/src/basic/fs-util.c
index b30cec4f925154ae96d7142441b12d1a5887226c..5b232691090acbb405d7ba137d56d6652af05a32 100644 (file)
--- a/src/basic/fs-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/fs-util.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -446,6 +445,7 @@ int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
 
 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
         size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
 
@@ -459,16 +459,7 @@ int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
         if (!d)
                 return -errno;
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de && errno > 0)
-                        return -errno;
-                if (!de)
-                        break;
-
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
                 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
 
                 if (!dirent_is_file(de))

diff --git a/src/basic/rm-rf.c b/src/basic/rm-rf.c
index baa70c2c8d136a0de6cc3f04d0f13346856aa2fa..07d42f78dd20926b22123acb08b024f3af3560f1 100644 (file)
--- a/src/basic/rm-rf.c
+++ b/src/basic/rm-rf.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@
 
 #include "btrfs-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "macro.h"
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static bool is_physical_fs(const struct statfs *sfs) {
 
 int rm_rf_children(int fd, RemoveFlags flags, struct stat *root_dev) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
         int ret = 0, r;
         struct statfs sfs;
 
@@ -78,19 +79,10 @@ int rm_rf_children(int fd, RemoveFlags flags, struct stat *root_dev) {
                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
         }
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
                 bool is_dir;
                 struct stat st;
 
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de) {
-                        if (errno > 0 && ret == 0)
-                                ret = -errno;
-                        return ret;
-                }
-
                 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
                         continue;
 
@@ -178,6 +170,7 @@ int rm_rf_children(int fd, RemoveFlags flags, struct stat *root_dev) {
                         }
                 }
         }
+        return ret;
 }
 
 int rm_rf(const char *path, RemoveFlags flags) {

diff --git a/src/basic/util.c b/src/basic/util.c
index c1b5ca1ef7b7d6f9c0b0717be62746edb2787a34..8a630049d7c26ac313c802be93e0972bd4953d30 100644 (file)
--- a/src/basic/util.c
+++ b/src/basic/util.c
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 ***/
 
 #include <alloca.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sched.h>
@@ -508,28 +507,17 @@ void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
 int on_ac_power(void) {
         bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
 
         d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
         if (!d)
                 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
                 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
                 char contents[6];
                 ssize_t n;
 
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de && errno > 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                if (!de)
-                        break;
-
-                if (hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name))
-                        continue;
-
                 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
                 if (device < 0) {
                         if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)

diff --git a/src/core/killall.c b/src/core/killall.c
index 3bc19e9c842ba802f83d9acbb9dde998f9461d8a..b3aa22adc55d7af5a5d882e9fc1240d65f066fc8 100644 (file)
--- a/src/core/killall.c
+++ b/src/core/killall.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "format-util.h"
 #include "killall.h"
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ static int killall(int sig, Set *pids, bool send_sighup) {
         if (!dir)
                 return -errno;
 
-        while ((d = readdir(dir))) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(d, dir, break) {
                 pid_t pid;
                 int r;
 

diff --git a/src/core/manager.c b/src/core/manager.c
index 1f663d3c1df3a1a73b332d7fbacfa7ea8eb02634..21cd6062c66fef2056d389d8fdb23b0c020a5f87 100644 (file)
--- a/src/core/manager.c
+++ b/src/core/manager.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/kd.h>
@@ -233,6 +232,7 @@ static void manager_print_jobs_in_progress(Manager *m) {
 
 static int have_ask_password(void) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir;
+        struct dirent *de;
 
         dir = opendir("/run/systemd/ask-password");
         if (!dir) {
@@ -242,19 +242,11 @@ static int have_ask_password(void) {
                         return -errno;
         }
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(dir);
-                if (!de && errno > 0)
-                        return -errno;
-                if (!de)
-                        return false;
-
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, dir, return -errno) {
                 if (startswith(de->d_name, "ask."))
                         return true;
         }
+        return false;
 }
 
 static int manager_dispatch_ask_password_fd(sd_event_source *source,

diff --git a/src/delta/delta.c b/src/delta/delta.c
index 107b105fde8f99288df129c737124e6607f3dd45..9a44b15da71d238ebbf49ffa9a91f77829cbbb41 100644 (file)
--- a/src/delta/delta.c
+++ b/src/delta/delta.c
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ static int enumerate_dir_d(Hashmap *top, Hashmap *bottom, Hashmap *drops, const
 
 static int enumerate_dir(Hashmap *top, Hashmap *bottom, Hashmap *drops, const char *path, bool dropins) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+        struct dirent *de;
 
         assert(top);
         assert(bottom);
@@ -313,16 +314,10 @@ static int enumerate_dir(Hashmap *top, Hashmap *bottom, Hashmap *drops, const ch
                 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", path);
         }
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
                 int k;
                 char *p;
 
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de)
-                        return -errno;
-
                 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
 
                 if (dropins && de->d_type == DT_DIR && endswith(de->d_name, ".d"))
@@ -354,6 +349,7 @@ static int enumerate_dir(Hashmap *top, Hashmap *bottom, Hashmap *drops, const ch
                         return k;
                 }
         }
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int should_skip_prefix(const char* p) {

diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c
index 1081979bf931b47850bb737d29ba54633efeeb8a..bc5e92f8fe62c28e3abc9785f05a061b4dbb6f43 100644 (file)
--- a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "device-internal.h"
 #include "device-private.h"
 #include "device-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "fs-util.h"
@@ -1627,7 +1628,7 @@ static int device_sysattrs_read_all(sd_device *device) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, return -errno) {
                 char *path;
                 struct stat statbuf;
 

diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-login/sd-login.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-login/sd-login.c
index 42ea0badfc6a0d6dc269a8cea7ac7a2fa744c3fe..d2cfbdf5b0aa8f5a74dbcee047efbcde56a2f182 100644 (file)
--- a/src/libsystemd/sd-login/sd-login.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-login/sd-login.c
@@ -793,6 +793,7 @@ _public_ int sd_get_sessions(char ***sessions) {
 
 _public_ int sd_get_uids(uid_t **users) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+        struct dirent *de;
         int r = 0;
         unsigned n = 0;
         _cleanup_free_ uid_t *l = NULL;
@@ -801,19 +802,10 @@ _public_ int sd_get_uids(uid_t **users) {
         if (!d)
                 return -errno;
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
                 int k;
                 uid_t uid;
 
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de && errno > 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                if (!de)
-                        break;
-
                 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
 
                 if (!dirent_is_file(de))

diff --git a/src/login/logind-dbus.c b/src/login/logind-dbus.c
index 23ad5d7c6a1d0299d5c482bba1116b60f0949487..3873bf3e96cfe64c319dd519891b4ddb0f25e6df 100644 (file)
--- a/src/login/logind-dbus.c
+++ b/src/login/logind-dbus.c
@@ -1286,8 +1286,7 @@ static int flush_devices(Manager *m) {
         } else {
                 struct dirent *de;
 
-                while ((de = readdir(d))) {
-
+                FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, break) {
                         if (!dirent_is_file(de))
                                 continue;
 

diff --git a/src/shared/dropin.c b/src/shared/dropin.c
index 2c1cd84df5cdc70229b917ceeb63422d0ad404bf..3cbfe13f4c49248e5c2423caa13777923bc93786 100644 (file)
--- a/src/shared/dropin.c
+++ b/src/shared/dropin.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "conf-files.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "dropin.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ static int iterate_dir(
                 char ***strv) {
 
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        struct dirent *de;
         int r;
 
         assert(path);
@@ -148,21 +149,9 @@ static int iterate_dir(
                 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", path);
         }
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read directory %s: %m", path)) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
 
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de && errno > 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read directory %s: %m", path);
-
-                if (!de)
-                        break;
-
-                if (hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name))
-                        continue;
-
                 f = strjoin(path, "/", de->d_name);
                 if (!f)
                         return log_oom();

diff --git a/src/shared/fdset.c b/src/shared/fdset.c
index 527f27bc67a730a5ef596ca20facb079cf46b8c1..090f3fdcdd70d8d6ebcee5c4300149d6a2c0c521 100644 (file)
--- a/src/shared/fdset.c
+++ b/src/shared/fdset.c
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 ***/
 
 #include <alloca.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 #include "sd-daemon.h"
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fdset.h"
 #include "log.h"
@@ -148,12 +148,9 @@ int fdset_new_fill(FDSet **_s) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        while ((de = readdir(d))) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
                 int fd = -1;
 
-                if (hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name))
-                        continue;
-
                 r = safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto finish;

diff --git a/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c b/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
index b881d774a0ece70e23755d2449d8250720634762..79f75e165b46c1133ac967e66e60ff04d86e11ca 100644 (file)
--- a/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
+++ b/src/tmpfiles/tmpfiles.c
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "conf-files.h"
 #include "copy.h"
 #include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ static int dir_cleanup(
         bool deleted = false;
         int r = 0;
 
-        while ((dent = readdir(d))) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, d, break) {
                 struct stat s;
                 usec_t age;
                 _cleanup_free_ char *sub_path = NULL;
@@ -1053,6 +1053,7 @@ typedef int (*action_t)(Item *, const char *);
 
 static int item_do_children(Item *i, const char *path, action_t action) {
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+        struct dirent *de;
         int r = 0;
 
         assert(i);
@@ -1065,19 +1066,11 @@ static int item_do_children(Item *i, const char *path, action_t action) {
         if (!d)
                 return errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR ? 0 : -errno;
 
-        for (;;) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, r = -errno) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-                struct dirent *de;
                 int q;
 
                 errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de) {
-                        if (errno > 0 && r == 0)
-                                r = -errno;
-
-                        break;
-                }
 
                 if (STR_IN_SET(de->d_name, ".", ".."))
                         continue;

diff --git a/src/udev/udev-builtin-net_id.c b/src/udev/udev-builtin-net_id.c
index fe9d6f44829745d2fae911c9a6426d2d043b1a5b..5be158f5272d3999f9a95bf9a104b410e7fbc97d 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udev-builtin-net_id.c
+++ b/src/udev/udev-builtin-net_id.c
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <linux/pci_regs.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "stdio-util.h"
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ static int dev_pci_slot(struct udev_device *dev, struct netnames *names) {
                 goto out;
         }
 
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, break) {
                 int i;
                 char *rest, *address, str[PATH_MAX];
 

diff --git a/src/udev/udev-builtin-path_id.c b/src/udev/udev-builtin-path_id.c
index 1825ee75a7367903ef8ad860f8852652138c54e2..527f0bff2dcbb57663faeb111b557e8ccaa08e0a 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udev-builtin-path_id.c
+++ b/src/udev/udev-builtin-path_id.c
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "udev.h"
 
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ static struct udev_device *handle_scsi_default(struct udev_device *parent, char
                 parent = NULL;
                 goto out;
         }
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, break) {
                 char *rest;
                 int i;
 

diff --git a/src/udev/udev-node.c b/src/udev/udev-node.c
index e94a8143887092d86e5fbf0db97bc2f2231ffe3e..53cfd9c053f9c90956586d2aca43d15b796deb3d 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udev-node.c
+++ b/src/udev/udev-node.c
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "format-util.h"
 #include "fs-util.h"
 #include "selinux-util.h"
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ exit:
 static const char *link_find_prioritized(struct udev_device *dev, bool add, const char *stackdir, char *buf, size_t bufsize) {
         struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
         DIR *dir;
+        struct dirent *dent;
         int priority = 0;
         const char *target = NULL;
 
@@ -141,12 +142,10 @@ static const char *link_find_prioritized(struct udev_device *dev, bool add, cons
         dir = opendir(stackdir);
         if (dir == NULL)
                 return target;
-        for (;;) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, break) {
                 struct udev_device *dev_db;
-                struct dirent *dent;
 
-                dent = readdir(dir);
-                if (dent == NULL || dent->d_name[0] == '\0')
+                if (dent->d_name[0] == '\0')
                         break;
                 if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                         continue;

diff --git a/src/udev/udev-rules.c b/src/udev/udev-rules.c
index d88687e9c2b83b720f7e908ef9e93dba5609b226..b0238220e47065ae30e307e8a3f4185cb855db89 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udev-rules.c
+++ b/src/udev/udev-rules.c
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "conf-files.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fs-util.h"
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ static void attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len) {
         if (dir == NULL)
                 return;
 
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir))
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, break)
                 if (dent->d_name[0] != '.') {
                         char n[strlen(dent->d_name) + strlen(tail) + 1];
 

diff --git a/src/udev/udev-watch.c b/src/udev/udev-watch.c
index bc9096ed0c170e087c1aed1e48e94ec90b274a89..aa432bb90a80e8aa5bd8ea60e7e54ee9c701fac6 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udev-watch.c
+++ b/src/udev/udev-watch.c
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/inotify.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "stdio-util.h"
 #include "udev.h"
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void udev_watch_restore(struct udev *udev) {
                         return;
                 }
 
-                for (ent = readdir(dir); ent != NULL; ent = readdir(dir)) {
+                FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(ent, dir, break) {
                         char device[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                         ssize_t len;
                         struct udev_device *dev;

diff --git a/src/udev/udevadm-info.c b/src/udev/udevadm-info.c
index 6753c52005ad1c4d8b3f5a1a7d2e86bc1426b6c5..90cdfa16c7630a58a9ac84e66237e61e707b904a 100644 (file)
--- a/src/udev/udevadm-info.c
+++ b/src/udev/udevadm-info.c
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "udev-util.h"
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static void cleanup_dir(DIR *dir, mode_t mask, int depth) {
         if (depth <= 0)
                 return;
 
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(dent, dir, break) {
                 struct stat stats;
 
                 if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')