On some platforms, including FreeBSD and macOS, setting ``environ`` may
cause memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for
- :c:func:`putenv`.
+ :c:func:`!putenv`.
You can delete items in this mapping to unset environment variables.
:func:`unsetenv` will be called automatically when an item is deleted from
.. note::
On some platforms, including FreeBSD and macOS, setting ``environ`` may
- cause memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for :c:func:`putenv`.
+ cause memory leaks. Refer to the system documentation for :c:func:`!putenv`.
.. audit-event:: os.putenv key,value os.putenv
.. function:: setpgrp()
- Call the system call :c:func:`setpgrp` or ``setpgrp(0, 0)`` depending on
+ Call the system call :c:func:`!setpgrp` or ``setpgrp(0, 0)`` depending on
which version is implemented (if any). See the Unix manual for the semantics.
.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.
.. function:: setpgid(pid, pgrp, /)
- Call the system call :c:func:`setpgid` to set the process group id of the
+ Call the system call :c:func:`!setpgid` to set the process group id of the
process with id *pid* to the process group with id *pgrp*. See the Unix manual
for the semantics.
.. function:: fsync(fd)
Force write of file with filedescriptor *fd* to disk. On Unix, this calls the
- native :c:func:`fsync` function; on Windows, the MS :c:func:`_commit` function.
+ native :c:func:`!fsync` function; on Windows, the MS :c:func:`!_commit` function.
If you're starting with a buffered Python :term:`file object` *f*, first do
``f.flush()``, and then do ``os.fsync(f.fileno())``, to ensure that all internal
.. function:: lstat(path, *, dir_fd=None)
- Perform the equivalent of an :c:func:`lstat` system call on the given path.
+ Perform the equivalent of an :c:func:`!lstat` system call on the given path.
Similar to :func:`~os.stat`, but does not follow symbolic links. Return a
:class:`stat_result` object.
Windows file attributes: ``dwFileAttributes`` member of the
``BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION`` structure returned by
- :c:func:`GetFileInformationByHandle`. See the ``FILE_ATTRIBUTE_*``
+ :c:func:`!GetFileInformationByHandle`.
+ See the :const:`!FILE_ATTRIBUTE_* <stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE>`
constants in the :mod:`stat` module.
.. attribute:: st_reparse_tag
- When :attr:`st_file_attributes` has the ``FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT``
+ When :attr:`st_file_attributes` has the :const:`~stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT`
set, this field contains the tag identifying the type of reparse point.
- See the ``IO_REPARSE_TAG_*`` constants in the :mod:`stat` module.
+ See the :const:`IO_REPARSE_TAG_* <stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK>`
+ constants in the :mod:`stat` module.
The standard module :mod:`stat` defines functions and constants that are
useful for extracting information from a :c:struct:`stat` structure. (On
.. function:: statvfs(path)
- Perform a :c:func:`statvfs` system call on the given path. The return value is
+ Perform a :c:func:`!statvfs` system call on the given path. The return value is
an object whose attributes describe the filesystem on the given path, and
correspond to the members of the :c:struct:`statvfs` structure, namely:
:attr:`f_bsize`, :attr:`f_frsize`, :attr:`f_blocks`, :attr:`f_bfree`,
setpgroup=None, resetids=False, setsid=False, setsigmask=(), \
setsigdef=(), scheduler=None)
- Wraps the :c:func:`posix_spawn` C library API for use from Python.
+ Wraps the :c:func:`!posix_spawn` C library API for use from Python.
Most users should use :func:`subprocess.run` instead of :func:`posix_spawn`.
Performs ``os.dup2(fd, new_fd)``.
These tuples correspond to the C library
- :c:func:`posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen`,
- :c:func:`posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose`, and
- :c:func:`posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2` API calls used to prepare
- for the :c:func:`posix_spawn` call itself.
+ :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen`,
+ :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose`, and
+ :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2` API calls used to prepare
+ for the :c:func:`!posix_spawn` call itself.
The *setpgroup* argument will set the process group of the child to the value
specified. If the value specified is 0, the child's process group ID will be
made the same as its process ID. If the value of *setpgroup* is not set, the
child will inherit the parent's process group ID. This argument corresponds
- to the C library :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETPGROUP` flag.
+ to the C library :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETPGROUP` flag.
If the *resetids* argument is ``True`` it will reset the effective UID and
GID of the child to the real UID and GID of the parent process. If the
the parent. In either case, if the set-user-ID and set-group-ID permission
bits are enabled on the executable file, their effect will override the
setting of the effective UID and GID. This argument corresponds to the C
- library :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS` flag.
+ library :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS` flag.
If the *setsid* argument is ``True``, it will create a new session ID
- for ``posix_spawn``. *setsid* requires :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID`
- or :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID_NP` flag. Otherwise, :exc:`NotImplementedError`
+ for ``posix_spawn``. *setsid* requires :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID`
+ or :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID_NP` flag. Otherwise, :exc:`NotImplementedError`
is raised.
The *setsigmask* argument will set the signal mask to the signal set
specified. If the parameter is not used, then the child inherits the
parent's signal mask. This argument corresponds to the C library
- :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGMASK` flag.
+ :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGMASK` flag.
The *sigdef* argument will reset the disposition of all signals in the set
specified. This argument corresponds to the C library
- :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGDEF` flag.
+ :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGDEF` flag.
The *scheduler* argument must be a tuple containing the (optional) scheduler
policy and an instance of :class:`sched_param` with the scheduler parameters.
A value of ``None`` in the place of the scheduler policy indicates that is
not being provided. This argument is a combination of the C library
- :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDPARAM` and :c:macro:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDULER`
+ :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDPARAM` and :c:macro:`!POSIX_SPAWN_SETSCHEDULER`
flags.
.. audit-event:: os.posix_spawn path,argv,env os.posix_spawn
setpgroup=None, resetids=False, setsid=False, setsigmask=(), \
setsigdef=(), scheduler=None)
- Wraps the :c:func:`posix_spawnp` C library API for use from Python.
+ Wraps the :c:func:`!posix_spawnp` C library API for use from Python.
Similar to :func:`posix_spawn` except that the system searches
for the *executable* file in the list of directories specified by the
Use *show_cmd* to override the default window style. Whether this has any
effect will depend on the application being launched. Values are integers as
- supported by the Win32 :c:func:`ShellExecute` function.
+ supported by the Win32 :c:func:`!ShellExecute` function.
:func:`startfile` returns as soon as the associated application is launched.
There is no option to wait for the application to close, and no way to retrieve
:func:`os.path.normpath` function to ensure that paths are properly encoded for
Win32.
- To reduce interpreter startup overhead, the Win32 :c:func:`ShellExecute`
+ To reduce interpreter startup overhead, the Win32 :c:func:`!ShellExecute`
function is not resolved until this function is first called. If the function
cannot be resolved, :exc:`NotImplementedError` will be raised.
projects / thirdparty / Python / cpython.git / commitdiff
