.. class:: RawIOBase
- Base class for raw binary streams. It inherits :class:`IOBase`.
+ Base class for raw binary streams. It inherits from :class:`IOBase`.
Raw binary streams typically provide low-level access to an underlying OS
device or API, and do not try to encapsulate it in high-level primitives
.. class:: BufferedIOBase
Base class for binary streams that support some kind of buffering.
- It inherits :class:`IOBase`.
+ It inherits from :class:`IOBase`.
The main difference with :class:`RawIOBase` is that methods :meth:`read`,
:meth:`readinto` and :meth:`write` will try (respectively) to read as much
.. class:: FileIO(name, mode='r', closefd=True, opener=None)
A raw binary stream representing an OS-level file containing bytes data. It
- inherits :class:`RawIOBase`.
+ inherits from :class:`RawIOBase`.
The *name* can be one of two things:
.. class:: BytesIO(initial_bytes=b'')
- A binary stream using an in-memory bytes buffer. It inherits
+ A binary stream using an in-memory bytes buffer. It inherits from
:class:`BufferedIOBase`. The buffer is discarded when the
:meth:`~IOBase.close` method is called.
.. class:: BufferedReader(raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
A buffered binary stream providing higher-level access to a readable, non
- seekable :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits
+ seekable :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits from
:class:`BufferedIOBase`.
When reading data from this object, a larger amount of data may be
.. class:: BufferedWriter(raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
A buffered binary stream providing higher-level access to a writeable, non
- seekable :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits
+ seekable :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits from
:class:`BufferedIOBase`.
When writing to this object, data is normally placed into an internal
.. class:: BufferedRandom(raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
A buffered binary stream providing higher-level access to a seekable
- :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits :class:`BufferedReader`
+ :class:`RawIOBase` raw binary stream. It inherits from :class:`BufferedReader`
and :class:`BufferedWriter`.
The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable raw stream, given
A buffered binary stream providing higher-level access to two non seekable
:class:`RawIOBase` raw binary streams---one readable, the other writeable.
- It inherits :class:`BufferedIOBase`.
+ It inherits from :class:`BufferedIOBase`.
*reader* and *writer* are :class:`RawIOBase` objects that are readable and
writeable respectively. If the *buffer_size* is omitted it defaults to
.. class:: TextIOBase
Base class for text streams. This class provides a character and line based
- interface to stream I/O. It inherits :class:`IOBase`.
+ interface to stream I/O. It inherits from :class:`IOBase`.
:class:`TextIOBase` provides or overrides these data attributes and
methods in addition to those from :class:`IOBase`:
line_buffering=False, write_through=False)
A buffered text stream providing higher-level access to a
- :class:`BufferedIOBase` buffered binary stream. It inherits
+ :class:`BufferedIOBase` buffered binary stream. It inherits from
:class:`TextIOBase`.
*encoding* gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be decoded or
.. class:: StringIO(initial_value='', newline='\n')
- A text stream using an in-memory text buffer. It inherits
+ A text stream using an in-memory text buffer. It inherits from
:class:`TextIOBase`.
The text buffer is discarded when the :meth:`~IOBase.close` method is
.. class:: IncrementalNewlineDecoder
A helper codec that decodes newlines for :term:`universal newlines` mode.
- It inherits :class:`codecs.IncrementalDecoder`.
+ It inherits from :class:`codecs.IncrementalDecoder`.
Performance
.. exception:: PickleError
- Common base class for the other pickling exceptions. It inherits
+ Common base class for the other pickling exceptions. It inherits from
:exc:`Exception`.
.. exception:: PicklingError
Error raised when an unpicklable object is encountered by :class:`Pickler`.
- It inherits :exc:`PickleError`.
+ It inherits from :exc:`PickleError`.
Refer to :ref:`pickle-picklable` to learn what kinds of objects can be
pickled.
.. exception:: UnpicklingError
Error raised when there is a problem unpickling an object, such as a data
- corruption or a security violation. It inherits :exc:`PickleError`.
+ corruption or a security violation. It inherits from :exc:`PickleError`.
Note that other exceptions may also be raised during unpickling, including
(but not necessarily limited to) AttributeError, EOFError, ImportError, and