debug-generator: add a kernel cmdline option to pause the boot process (#35410)

Introduce the `systemd.break=` kernel command line option to allow
stopping the boot process at a certain point and spawn a debug shell.
After exiting this shell, the system will resume booting.

It accepts the following values:
- `pre-udev`: before starting to process kernel uevents (initrd and
host).
- `pre-basic`: before leaving early boot and regular services start
(initrd and host).
- `pre-mount`: before the root filesystem is mounted (initrd).
- `pre-switch-root`: before switching root (initrd).