Other new Python3-mode warnings include:
-* :func:`operator.isCallable` and :func:`operator.sequenceIncludes`,
+* :func:`!operator.isCallable` and :func:`!operator.sequenceIncludes`,
which are not supported in 3.x, now trigger warnings.
* The :option:`!-3` switch now automatically
enables the :option:`!-Qwarn` switch that causes warnings
All this flexibility can require a lot of configuration. You can
write Python statements to create objects and set their properties,
but a complex set-up requires verbose but boring code.
-:mod:`logging` also supports a :func:`~logging.fileConfig`
+:mod:`logging` also supports a :func:`~logging.config.fileConfig`
function that parses a file, but the file format doesn't support
configuring filters, and it's messier to generate programmatically.
-Python 2.7 adds a :func:`~logging.dictConfig` function that
+Python 2.7 adds a :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig` function that
uses a dictionary to configure logging. There are many ways to
produce a dictionary from different sources: construct one with code;
parse a file containing JSON; or use a YAML parsing library if one is
``getLogger('app.network.listen')``.
* The :class:`~logging.LoggerAdapter` class gained an
- :meth:`~logging.LoggerAdapter.isEnabledFor` method that takes a
+ :meth:`~logging.Logger.isEnabledFor` method that takes a
*level* and returns whether the underlying logger would
process a message of that level of importance.
It's not possible to change the return values of :meth:`~dict.keys`,
:meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` in Python 2.7 because
too much code would break. Instead the 3.x versions were added
-under the new names :meth:`~dict.viewkeys`, :meth:`~dict.viewvalues`,
-and :meth:`~dict.viewitems`.
+under the new names :meth:`!viewkeys`, :meth:`!viewvalues`,
+and :meth:`!viewitems`.
::
with B() as b:
... suite of statements ...
- The :func:`contextlib.nested` function provides a very similar
+ The :func:`!contextlib.nested` function provides a very similar
function, so it's no longer necessary and has been deprecated.
(Proposed in https://codereview.appspot.com/53094; implemented by
implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1811`.)
* Implicit coercion for complex numbers has been removed; the interpreter
- will no longer ever attempt to call a :meth:`__coerce__` method on complex
+ will no longer ever attempt to call a :meth:`!__coerce__` method on complex
objects. (Removed by Meador Inge and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5211`.)
* The :meth:`str.format` method now supports automatic numbering of the replacement
A low-level change: the :meth:`object.__format__` method now triggers
a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` if it's passed a format string,
- because the :meth:`__format__` method for :class:`object` converts
+ because the :meth:`!__format__` method for :class:`object` converts
the object to a string representation and formats that. Previously
the method silently applied the format string to the string
representation, but that could hide mistakes in Python code. If
precision, presumably you're expecting the formatting to be applied
in some object-specific way. (Fixed by Eric Smith; :issue:`7994`.)
-* The :func:`int` and :func:`long` types gained a ``bit_length``
+* The :func:`int` and :func:`!long` types gained a ``bit_length``
method that returns the number of bits necessary to represent
its argument in binary::
statements that were only working by accident. (Fixed by Meador Inge;
:issue:`7902`.)
-* It's now possible for a subclass of the built-in :class:`unicode` type
- to override the :meth:`__unicode__` method. (Implemented by
+* It's now possible for a subclass of the built-in :class:`!unicode` type
+ to override the :meth:`!__unicode__` method. (Implemented by
Victor Stinner; :issue:`1583863`.)
* The :class:`bytearray` type's :meth:`~bytearray.translate` method now accepts
Forgeot d'Arc in :issue:`1616979`; CP858 contributed by Tim Hatch in
:issue:`8016`.)
-* The :class:`file` object will now set the :attr:`filename` attribute
+* The :class:`!file` object will now set the :attr:`!filename` attribute
on the :exc:`IOError` exception when trying to open a directory
on POSIX platforms (noted by Jan Kaliszewski; :issue:`4764`), and
now explicitly checks for and forbids writing to read-only file objects
Apart from the performance improvements this change should be
invisible to end users, with one exception: for testing and
- debugging purposes there's a new structseq :data:`sys.long_info` that
+ debugging purposes there's a new structseq :data:`!sys.long_info` that
provides information about the internal format, giving the number of
bits per digit and the size in bytes of the C type used to store
each digit::
conversion function that supports arbitrary bases.
(Patch by Gawain Bolton; :issue:`6713`.)
-* The :meth:`split`, :meth:`replace`, :meth:`rindex`,
- :meth:`rpartition`, and :meth:`rsplit` methods of string-like types
+* The :meth:`!split`, :meth:`!replace`, :meth:`!rindex`,
+ :meth:`!rpartition`, and :meth:`!rsplit` methods of string-like types
(strings, Unicode strings, and :class:`bytearray` objects) now use a
fast reverse-search algorithm instead of a character-by-character
scan. This is sometimes faster by a factor of 10. (Added by
used with :class:`memoryview` instances and other similar buffer objects.
(Backported from 3.x by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7703`.)
-* Updated module: the :mod:`bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9
+* Updated module: the :mod:`!bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9
to version 4.8.4 of
`the pybsddb package <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__.
The new version features better Python 3.x compatibility, various bug fixes,
(Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1818`.)
- Finally, the :class:`~collections.Mapping` abstract base class now
+ Finally, the :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` abstract base class now
returns :const:`NotImplemented` if a mapping is compared to
another type that isn't a :class:`Mapping`.
(Fixed by Daniel Stutzbach; :issue:`8729`.)
(Contributed by Mats Kindahl; :issue:`7005`.)
-* Deprecated function: :func:`contextlib.nested`, which allows
+* Deprecated function: :func:`!contextlib.nested`, which allows
handling more than one context manager with a single :keyword:`with`
statement, has been deprecated, because the :keyword:`!with` statement
now supports multiple context managers.
* New method: the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class gained a
:meth:`~decimal.Decimal.from_float` class method that performs an exact
- conversion of a floating-point number to a :class:`~decimal.Decimal`.
+ conversion of a floating-point number to a :class:`!Decimal`.
This exact conversion strives for the
closest decimal approximation to the floating-point representation's value;
the resulting decimal value will therefore still include the inaccuracy,
of the operands. Previously such comparisons would fall back to
Python's default rules for comparing objects, which produced arbitrary
results based on their type. Note that you still cannot combine
- :class:`Decimal` and floating-point in other operations such as addition,
+ :class:`!Decimal` and floating-point in other operations such as addition,
since you should be explicitly choosing how to convert between float and
- :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`2531`.)
+ :class:`!Decimal`. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`2531`.)
The constructor for :class:`~decimal.Decimal` now accepts
floating-point numbers (added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`8257`)
more sensible for numeric types. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)
Comparisons involving a signaling NaN value (or ``sNAN``) now signal
- :const:`InvalidOperation` instead of silently returning a true or
+ :const:`~decimal.InvalidOperation` instead of silently returning a true or
false value depending on the comparison operator. Quiet NaN values
(or ``NaN``) are now hashable. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson;
:issue:`7279`.)
created some new files that should be included.
(Fixed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`8688`.)
-* The :mod:`doctest` module's :const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` flag
+* The :mod:`doctest` module's :const:`~doctest.IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` flag
will now ignore the name of the module containing the exception
being tested. (Patch by Lennart Regebro; :issue:`7490`.)
* The :mod:`email` module's :class:`~email.message.Message` class will
now accept a Unicode-valued payload, automatically converting the
- payload to the encoding specified by :attr:`output_charset`.
+ payload to the encoding specified by :attr:`!output_charset`.
(Added by R. David Murray; :issue:`1368247`.)
* The :class:`~fractions.Fraction` class now accepts a single float or
:issue:`6845`.)
* New class decorator: :func:`~functools.total_ordering` in the :mod:`functools`
- module takes a class that defines an :meth:`__eq__` method and one of
- :meth:`__lt__`, :meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__`, or :meth:`__ge__`,
+ module takes a class that defines an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method and one of
+ :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__`, or :meth:`~object.__ge__`,
and generates the missing comparison methods. Since the
- :meth:`__cmp__` method is being deprecated in Python 3.x,
+ :meth:`!__cmp__` method is being deprecated in Python 3.x,
this decorator makes it easier to define ordered classes.
(Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5479`.)
:mod:`gzip` module will now consume these trailing bytes. (Fixed by
Tadek Pietraszek and Brian Curtin; :issue:`2846`.)
-* New attribute: the :mod:`hashlib` module now has an :attr:`~hashlib.hashlib.algorithms`
+* New attribute: the :mod:`hashlib` module now has an :attr:`!algorithms`
attribute containing a tuple naming the supported algorithms.
In Python 2.7, ``hashlib.algorithms`` contains
``('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512')``.
* Updated module: The :mod:`io` library has been upgraded to the version shipped with
Python 3.1. For 3.1, the I/O library was entirely rewritten in C
and is 2 to 20 times faster depending on the task being performed. The
- original Python version was renamed to the :mod:`_pyio` module.
+ original Python version was renamed to the :mod:`!_pyio` module.
One minor resulting change: the :class:`io.TextIOBase` class now
- has an :attr:`errors` attribute giving the error setting
+ has an :attr:`~io.TextIOBase.errors` attribute giving the error setting
used for encoding and decoding errors (one of ``'strict'``, ``'replace'``,
``'ignore'``).
passed to the callable.
(Contributed by lekma; :issue:`5585`.)
- The :class:`~multiprocessing.Pool` class, which controls a pool of worker processes,
+ The :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` class, which controls a pool of worker processes,
now has an optional *maxtasksperchild* parameter. Worker processes
will perform the specified number of tasks and then exit, causing the
- :class:`~multiprocessing.Pool` to start a new worker. This is useful if tasks may leak
+ :class:`!Pool` to start a new worker. This is useful if tasks may leak
memory or other resources, or if some tasks will cause the worker to
become very large.
(Contributed by Charles Cazabon; :issue:`6963`.)
global site-packages directories,
:func:`~site.getusersitepackages` returns the path of the user's
site-packages directory, and
- :func:`~site.getuserbase` returns the value of the :envvar:`USER_BASE`
+ :func:`~site.getuserbase` returns the value of the :data:`~site.USER_BASE`
environment variable, giving the path to a directory that can be used
to store data.
(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`6693`.)
* The :mod:`ssl` module's :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` objects now support the
buffer API, which fixed a test suite failure (fix by Antoine Pitrou;
:issue:`7133`) and automatically set
- OpenSSL's :c:macro:`SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY`, which will prevent an error
+ OpenSSL's :c:macro:`!SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY`, which will prevent an error
code being returned from :meth:`recv` operations that trigger an SSL
renegotiation (fix by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8222`).
- The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` constructor function now takes a
+ The :func:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` constructor function now takes a
*ciphers* argument that's a string listing the encryption algorithms
to be allowed; the format of the string is described
`in the OpenSSL documentation
code (one of ``bBhHiIlLqQ``); it now always raises a
:exc:`struct.error` exception. (Changed by Mark Dickinson;
:issue:`1523`.) The :func:`~struct.pack` function will also
- attempt to use :meth:`__index__` to convert and pack non-integers
- before trying the :meth:`__int__` method or reporting an error.
+ attempt to use :meth:`~object.__index__` to convert and pack non-integers
+ before trying the :meth:`~object.__int__` method or reporting an error.
(Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`8300`.)
* New function: the :mod:`subprocess` module's
(Contributed by Gregory P. Smith.)
The :mod:`subprocess` module will now retry its internal system calls
- on receiving an :const:`EINTR` signal. (Reported by several people; final
+ on receiving an :const:`~errno.EINTR` signal. (Reported by several people; final
patch by Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1068268`.)
* New function: :func:`~symtable.Symbol.is_declared_global` in the :mod:`symtable` module
identifier instead of the previous default value of ``'python'``.
(Changed by Sean Reifschneider; :issue:`8451`.)
-* The ``sys.version_info`` value is now a named tuple, with attributes
- named :attr:`major`, :attr:`minor`, :attr:`micro`,
- :attr:`releaselevel`, and :attr:`serial`. (Contributed by Ross
+* The :attr:`sys.version_info` value is now a named tuple, with attributes
+ named :attr:`!major`, :attr:`!minor`, :attr:`!micro`,
+ :attr:`!releaselevel`, and :attr:`!serial`. (Contributed by Ross
Light; :issue:`4285`.)
:func:`sys.getwindowsversion` also returns a named tuple,
- with attributes named :attr:`major`, :attr:`minor`, :attr:`build`,
- :attr:`platform`, :attr:`service_pack`, :attr:`service_pack_major`,
- :attr:`service_pack_minor`, :attr:`suite_mask`, and
- :attr:`product_type`. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7766`.)
+ with attributes named :attr:`!major`, :attr:`!minor`, :attr:`!build`,
+ :attr:`!platform`, :attr:`!service_pack`, :attr:`!service_pack_major`,
+ :attr:`!service_pack_minor`, :attr:`!suite_mask`, and
+ :attr:`!product_type`. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7766`.)
* The :mod:`tarfile` module's default error handling has changed, to
no longer suppress fatal errors. The default error level was previously 0,
(Originally implemented in Python 3.x by Raymond Hettinger, and backported
to 2.7 by Michael Foord.)
-* The ElementTree library, :mod:`xml.etree`, no longer escapes
+* The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` library, no longer escapes
ampersands and angle brackets when outputting an XML processing
instruction (which looks like ``<?xml-stylesheet href="#style1"?>``)
or comment (which looks like ``<!-- comment -->``).
:mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer <xmlrpc.server>` modules, have improved performance by
supporting HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and by optionally using gzip encoding
to compress the XML being exchanged. The gzip compression is
- controlled by the :attr:`encode_threshold` attribute of
- :class:`SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`, which contains a size in bytes;
+ controlled by the :attr:`!encode_threshold` attribute of
+ :class:`~xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`, which contains a size in bytes;
responses larger than this will be compressed.
(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6267`.)
:mod:`zipfile` now also supports archiving empty directories and
extracts them correctly. (Fixed by Kuba Wieczorek; :issue:`4710`.)
Reading files out of an archive is faster, and interleaving
- :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.read` and :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.readline` now works correctly.
+ :meth:`read() <io.BufferedIOBase.read>` and
+ :meth:`readline() <io.IOBase.readline>` now works correctly.
(Contributed by Nir Aides; :issue:`7610`.)
The :func:`~zipfile.is_zipfile` function now
set was originally called Tile, but was renamed to Ttk (for "themed Tk")
on being added to Tcl/Tck release 8.5.
-To learn more, read the :mod:`ttk` module documentation. You may also
+To learn more, read the :mod:`~tkinter.ttk` module documentation. You may also
wish to read the Tcl/Tk manual page describing the
Ttk theme engine, available at
-https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/ttk_intro.htm. Some
+https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/ttk_intro.html. Some
screenshots of the Python/Ttk code in use are at
https://code.google.com/archive/p/python-ttk/wikis/Screenshots.wiki.
-The :mod:`ttk` module was written by Guilherme Polo and added in
+The :mod:`tkinter.ttk` module was written by Guilherme Polo and added in
:issue:`2983`. An alternate version called ``Tile.py``, written by
Martin Franklin and maintained by Kevin Walzer, was proposed for
inclusion in :issue:`2618`, but the authors argued that Guilherme
new features were added. Most of these features were implemented
by Michael Foord, unless otherwise noted. The enhanced version of
the module is downloadable separately for use with Python versions 2.4 to 2.6,
-packaged as the :mod:`unittest2` package, from
+packaged as the :mod:`!unittest2` package, from
https://pypi.org/project/unittest2.
When used from the command line, the module can automatically discover
differences in the two strings. This comparison is now used by
default when Unicode strings are compared with :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`.
-* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegexpMatches` and
- :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotRegexpMatches` checks whether the
+* :meth:`assertRegexpMatches() <unittest.TestCase.assertRegex>` and
+ :meth:`assertNotRegexpMatches() <unittest.TestCase.assertNotRegex>` checks whether the
first argument is a string matching or not matching the regular
expression provided as the second argument (:issue:`8038`).
-* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp` checks whether a particular exception
+* :meth:`assertRaisesRegexp() <unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex>` checks
+ whether a particular exception
is raised, and then also checks that the string representation of
the exception matches the provided regular expression.
* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIn` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotIn`
tests whether *first* is or is not in *second*.
-* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertItemsEqual` tests whether two provided sequences
+* :meth:`assertItemsEqual() <unittest.TestCase.assertCountEqual>` tests whether two provided sequences
contain the same elements.
* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual` compares whether two sets are equal, and
* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictEqual` compares two dictionaries and reports the
differences; it's now used by default when you compare two dictionaries
- using :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictContainsSubset` checks whether
+ using :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. :meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset` checks whether
all of the key/value pairs in *first* are found in *second*.
* :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotAlmostEqual` test
p = ET.XMLParser(encoding='utf-8')
t = ET.XML("""<root/>""", parser=p)
- Errors in parsing XML now raise a :exc:`ParseError` exception, whose
- instances have a :attr:`position` attribute
+ Errors in parsing XML now raise a :exc:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError` exception, whose
+ instances have a :attr:`!position` attribute
containing a (*line*, *column*) tuple giving the location of the problem.
* ElementTree's code for converting trees to a string has been
"xml" (the default), "html", or "text". HTML mode will output empty
elements as ``<empty></empty>`` instead of ``<empty/>``, and text
mode will skip over elements and only output the text chunks. If
- you set the :attr:`tag` attribute of an element to ``None`` but
+ you set the :attr:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.tag` attribute of an
+ element to ``None`` but
leave its children in place, the element will be omitted when the
tree is written out, so you don't need to do more extensive rearrangement
to remove a single element.
# Outputs <root><item>1</item>...</root>
print ET.tostring(new)
-* New :class:`Element` method:
+* New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method:
:meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iter` yields the children of the
element as a generator. It's also possible to write ``for child in
elem:`` to loop over an element's children. The existing method
- :meth:`getiterator` is now deprecated, as is :meth:`getchildren`
+ :meth:`!getiterator` is now deprecated, as is :meth:`!getchildren`
which constructs and returns a list of children.
-* New :class:`Element` method:
+* New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method:
:meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` yields all chunks of
text that are descendants of the element. For example::
(Fixed by Thomas Wouters; :issue:`1590864`.)
* The :c:func:`Py_Finalize` function now calls the internal
- :func:`threading._shutdown` function; this prevents some exceptions from
+ :func:`!threading._shutdown` function; this prevents some exceptions from
being raised when an interpreter shuts down.
(Patch by Adam Olsen; :issue:`1722344`.)
Heller; :issue:`3102`.)
* New configure option: the :option:`!--with-system-expat` switch allows
- building the :mod:`pyexpat` module to use the system Expat library.
+ building the :mod:`pyexpat <xml.parsers.expat>` module to use the system Expat library.
(Contributed by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`7609`.)
* New configure option: the
* The :mod:`msvcrt` module now contains some constants from
the :file:`crtassem.h` header file:
- :data:`CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION`,
- :data:`VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN`,
- and :data:`LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX`.
+ :data:`~msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION`,
+ :data:`~msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN`,
+ and :data:`~msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX`.
(Contributed by David Cournapeau; :issue:`4365`.)
* The :mod:`_winreg <winreg>` module for accessing the registry now implements
were also tested and documented.
(Implemented by Brian Curtin: :issue:`7347`.)
-* The new :c:func:`_beginthreadex` API is used to start threads, and
+* The new :c:func:`!_beginthreadex` API is used to start threads, and
the native thread-local storage functions are now used.
(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`3582`.)
* The :func:`os.kill` function now works on Windows. The signal value
- can be the constants :const:`CTRL_C_EVENT`,
- :const:`CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`, or any integer. The first two constants
+ can be the constants :const:`~signal.CTRL_C_EVENT`,
+ :const:`~signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`, or any integer. The first two constants
will send :kbd:`Control-C` and :kbd:`Control-Break` keystroke events to
- subprocesses; any other value will use the :c:func:`TerminateProcess`
+ subprocesses; any other value will use the :c:func:`!TerminateProcess`
API. (Contributed by Miki Tebeka; :issue:`1220212`.)
* The :func:`os.listdir` function now correctly fails
for an empty path. (Fixed by Hirokazu Yamamoto; :issue:`5913`.)
-* The :mod:`mimelib` module will now read the MIME database from
+* The :mod:`mimetypes` module will now read the MIME database from
the Windows registry when initializing.
(Patch by Gabriel Genellina; :issue:`4969`.)
Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD
-----------------------------------
-* FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`SO_SETFIB` constant, used with the :func:`~socket.socket` methods
+* FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`!SO_SETFIB` constant, used with the :func:`~socket.socket` methods
:func:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`/:func:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` to select an
alternate routing table, is now available in the :mod:`socket`
module. (Added by Kyle VanderBeek; :issue:`8235`.)
that may require changes to your code:
* The :func:`range` function processes its arguments more
- consistently; it will now call :meth:`__int__` on non-float,
+ consistently; it will now call :meth:`~object.__int__` on non-float,
non-integer arguments that are supplied to it. (Fixed by Alexander
Belopolsky; :issue:`1533`.)
(or ``NaN``) are now hashable. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson;
:issue:`7279`.)
-* The ElementTree library, :mod:`xml.etree`, no longer escapes
+* The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` library no longer escapes
ampersands and angle brackets when outputting an XML processing
instruction (which looks like ``<?xml-stylesheet href="#style1"?>``)
or comment (which looks like ``<!-- comment -->``).
(Patch by Neil Muller; :issue:`2746`.)
-* The :meth:`~StringIO.StringIO.readline` method of :class:`~StringIO.StringIO` objects now does
+* The :meth:`!readline` method of :class:`~io.StringIO` objects now does
nothing when a negative length is requested, as other file-like
objects do. (:issue:`7348`).
--------------------------------------------
In debug mode, the ``[xxx refs]`` statistic is not written by default, the
-:envvar:`PYTHONSHOWREFCOUNT` environment variable now must also be set.
+:envvar:`!PYTHONSHOWREFCOUNT` environment variable now must also be set.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`31733`.)
When Python is compiled with ``COUNT_ALLOC`` defined, allocation counts are no
-longer dumped by default anymore: the :envvar:`PYTHONSHOWALLOCCOUNT` environment
+longer dumped by default anymore: the :envvar:`!PYTHONSHOWALLOCCOUNT` environment
variable must now also be set. Moreover, allocation counts are now dumped into
stderr, rather than stdout. (Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`31692`.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
:pep:`476` updated :mod:`httplib <http>` and modules which use it, such as
-:mod:`urllib2 <urllib.request>` and :mod:`xmlrpclib`, to now verify that the server
+:mod:`urllib2 <urllib.request>` and :mod:`xmlrpclib <xmlrpc.client>`, to now
+verify that the server
presents a certificate which is signed by a Certificate Authority in the
platform trust store and whose hostname matches the hostname being requested
by default, significantly improving security for many applications. This
and earlier.
For cases where the connection establishment code can't be modified, but the
-overall application can be, the new :func:`ssl._https_verify_certificates`
+overall application can be, the new :func:`!ssl._https_verify_certificates`
function can be used to adjust the default behaviour at runtime.
projects / thirdparty / Python / cpython.git / commitdiff
