From: Chet Ramey Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 14:02:52 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20070125 snapshot X-Git-Tag: bash-4.0-alpha~69 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=5cfe250dadf5cff8a1b12ae911a3a4c4f2811c3c;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20070125 snapshot --- diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 69c36c3f6..8e1a8ff32 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -659,6 +659,7 @@ examples/scripts/showperm.bash f examples/scripts/shprompt f examples/scripts/spin.bash f examples/scripts/timeout f +examples/scripts/timeout2 f examples/scripts/vtree2 f examples/scripts/vtree3 f examples/scripts/vtree3a f diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 3ffe4d50b..06643833f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS bbaasshh [options] [file] CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT - Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2007 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN BBaasshh is an sshh-compatible command language interpreter that executes @@ -952,7 +952,9 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. @@ -3236,15 +3238,23 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When an inter- + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- + tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the + preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed + depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- tory list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, - the history is not saved. After saving the history, the history file - is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is not set, no truncation is performed. + the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are + written to the history file, marked with the history comment character, + so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history + comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. + After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no + more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no trunca- + tion is performed. The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- @@ -3312,14 +3322,15 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- tory list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command line minus _n. @@ -3327,21 +3338,21 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!_s_t_r_i_n_g Refer to the most recent command starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- + Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- ing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a new- line. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 + Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMoodd-- iiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) @@ -3351,17 +3362,17 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN $$ The last argument. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head. @@ -3370,70 +3381,70 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. For example, the ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not + options. For example, the ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, file - names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- + _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVV] @@ -3442,28 +3453,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3475,141 +3486,141 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is entered. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when bbrreeaakk is executed. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccdd [--LL||--PP] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the - default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for - the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in - CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in - CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If - _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP - option says to use the physical directory structure instead of - following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the + default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for + the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in + CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in + CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If + _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP + option says to use the physical directory structure instead of + following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute + lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- + empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first + argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- - tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- + tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory names or suppressing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3617,7 +3628,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3626,17 +3637,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -3645,139 +3656,139 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The filename expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The filename expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for filename expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for filename expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when ccoonnttiinnuuee is executed. ddeeccllaarree [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will - display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is - used, additional options are ignored. The --FF option inhibits - the display of function definitions; only the function name and + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is + used, additional options are ignored. The --FF option inhibits + the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled - using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the - function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The following options can be used to restrict out- - put to variables with the specified attribute or to give vari- + using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the + function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option + implies --ff. The following options can be used to restrict out- + put to variables with the specified attribute or to give vari- ables attributes: --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd + able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd iinn aa ffuunnccttiioonn,, mmaakkeess eeaacchh _n_a_m_e llooccaall,, aass wwiitthh tthhee llooccaall command. If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari- - able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function - using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an + able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function + using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see - AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable + AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read- - only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for - an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- + only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for + an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- tent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccppllvv]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format + --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of - active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr - iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff + Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of + active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr + iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff tthhee --hh ooppttiioonn iiss ggiivveenn,, eeaacchh _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta- - ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither - the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. + ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither + the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark - all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts - operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- + all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts + operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- _s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If --nn is specified, the trailing - newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- - tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. - The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- - acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. - The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine - whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. - eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo + newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- + tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. + The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- + acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. + The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine + whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. + eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3789,186 +3800,186 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are - exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the - export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable - name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to - _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are + exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the + export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable + name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to + _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t - to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may - be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning - with that string) or as a number (an index into the history + Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t + to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may + be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning + with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur- rent command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the - current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the + current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not spec- - ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for + ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is - ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is + ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com- mand. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and nnaammee is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] - For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined + For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remembered. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option causes - the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option + the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. - If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each - _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are - supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full + If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each + _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are + supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or + mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found + printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control - structures is printed. The --ss option restricts the information - displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0 + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + structures is printed. The --ss option restricts the information + displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. hhiissttoorryy [[_n]] @@ -3979,189 +3990,193 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT is set, the time stamp information associ- - ated with each history entry is written to the history file. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, - an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an - invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history - expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. + ated with each history entry is written to the history file, + marked with the history comment character. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps + for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or + writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an + argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument + to --pp fails. jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] jjoobbss --xx _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ... ] The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- - mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which + contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are + simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, + which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- + mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) for- - mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in - the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, + mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in + the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes - beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes + beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. - The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable + The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. - rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] + rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be - used to remove any special meaning for the next character read - and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be + used to remove any special meaning for the next character read + and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- lowing meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4169,101 +4184,101 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This - option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This + option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aappff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to arrays. If no - _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a - list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes - output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. - If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari- - able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes + output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. + If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari- + able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. - If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command - executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but - during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it + Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. + If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command + executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but + during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either - _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the - script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a - function and not during execution of a script by .., the return + _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the + script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a + function and not during execution of a script by .., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is - executed before execution resumes after the function or script. + executed before execution resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated - as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated + as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the fol- lowing meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + --ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not - exit if the command that fails is part of the command - list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a &&&& or |||| - list, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted via !!. A trap + exit if the command that fails is part of the command + list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a &&&& or |||| + list, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the + command's return value is being inverted via !!. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- - cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- - taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- + cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- + taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- tion. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4271,7 +4286,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. @@ -4287,8 +4302,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4302,13 +4317,13 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. @@ -4316,246 +4331,246 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored. - If the shell is started with the effective user (group) - id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp - option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS + variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored. + If the shell is started with the effective user (group) + id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp + option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id. If the --pp - option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is + option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective - user and group ids to be set to the real user and group + user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param- - eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset + eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav- ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set- table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not - each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a - form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- + each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a + form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec- - tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled + tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -4563,46 +4578,46 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT - signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login - shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login + shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be - a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries - described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be + a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries + described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -4619,116 +4634,116 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. If the - first argument is !!, the value is the negation of the - two-argument test using the second and third arguments. + using the first and third arguments as operands. If the + first argument is !!, the value is the negation of the + two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument - is exactly )), the result is the one-argument test of the - second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false. - The --aa and --oo operators are considered binary operators + is exactly )), the result is the one-argument test of the + second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false. + The --aa and --oo operators are considered binary operators in this case. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are - case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c - is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c + is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the - description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for - details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, - the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a - non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The - EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the - command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the + description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for + details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, + the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a + non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The + EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the + command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a &&&& or |||| list, or - if the command's return value is being inverted via !!. These - are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. If a + if the command's return value is being inverted via !!. These + are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a child process when it is - created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; + created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. uulliimmiitt [--SSHHaaccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once - it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the - hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is specified, both the soft - and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once + it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the + hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is specified, both the soft + and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values - hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the current hard - limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. If - _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the - resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more - than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are + hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the current hard + limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. If + _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the + resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more + than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are interpreted as fol- lows: --aa All current limits are reported --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory @@ -4740,64 +4755,64 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell --xx The maximum number of file locks If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --nn and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is - 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --nn and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is + 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special - properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta- + properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta- tus is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -4806,16 +4821,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -4824,10 +4839,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -4837,14 +4852,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE _s_h(1), _k_s_h(1), _c_s_h(1) _e_m_a_c_s(1), _v_i(1) @@ -4860,7 +4875,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -4874,14 +4889,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -4892,7 +4907,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -4909,20 +4924,20 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. - Commands inside of $$((...)) command substitution are not parsed until - substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some + Commands inside of $$((...)) command substitution are not parsed until + substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered. For example, unmatched parentheses, - even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the + even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the construct is being read. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. -GNU Bash-3.2 2006 December 26 BASH(1) +GNU Bash-3.2 2007 January 12 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1.orig b/doc/bash.1.orig index 9f22755e0..828ec966b 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1.orig +++ b/doc/bash.1.orig @@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ .\" Chet Ramey .\" Information Network Services .\" Case Western Reserve University -.\" chet@po.cwru.edu +.\" chet@po.CWRU.Edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Tue Dec 26 19:01:54 EST 2006 +.\" Last Change: Mon Apr 14 17:57:24 EDT 2003 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2006 December 26" "GNU Bash-3.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2003 April 14" "GNU Bash-3.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell [options] [file] .SH COPYRIGHT -.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. -.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2002 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2002 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .SH DESCRIPTION .B Bash is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that @@ -62,11 +62,8 @@ also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP). .PP .B Bash -is intended to be a conformant implementation of the -Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification -(IEEE Standard 1003.1). -.B Bash -can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default. +is intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE +POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003\.2). .SH OPTIONS In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the description of the \fBset\fR builtin command, \fBbash\fR @@ -118,7 +115,7 @@ when invoking an interactive shell. .TP .B \-D A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by \fB$\fP -is printed on the standard output. +is printed on the standard ouput. These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not \fBC\fP or \fBPOSIX\fP. @@ -157,13 +154,11 @@ single-character options to be recognized. .TP .B \-\-debugger Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell -starts. -Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the +starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the .B extdebug option to the .B shopt -builtin below) -and shell function tracing (see the description of the +builtin below) and shell function tracing (see the description of the \fB\-o functrace\fP option to the .B set builtin below). @@ -224,7 +219,7 @@ This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as .TP .B \-\-posix Change the behavior of \fBbash\fP where the default operation differs -from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP). +from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP). .TP .B \-\-restricted The shell becomes restricted (see @@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ An \fIinteractive\fP shell is one started without non-option arguments and without the .B \-c option -whose standard input and error are +whose standard input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by .IR isatty (3)), or one started with the @@ -492,6 +487,7 @@ command: .if n ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]] .if t ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]] .if t .RE +.RE .SH "SHELL GRAMMAR" .SS Simple Commands .PP @@ -525,15 +521,12 @@ command (see .B REDIRECTION below). .PP -The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last -command, unless the \fBpipefail\fP option is enabled. -If \fBpipefail\fP is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the -value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, -or zero if all commands exit successfully. If the reserved word .B ! -precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical -negation of the exit status as described above. +precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that +pipeline is the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command. +Otherwise, the status of the pipeline is the exit status of the last +command. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value. .PP @@ -628,11 +621,7 @@ executed in the list. A \fIcompound command\fP is one of the following: .TP (\fIlist\fP) -\fIlist\fP is executed in a subshell environment (see -.SM -\fBCOMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT\fP -below). -Variable assignments and builtin +\fIlist\fP is executed in a subshell. Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of \fIlist\fP. @@ -674,36 +663,12 @@ as primaries. When the \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to the rules described below under \fBPattern Matching\fP. -If the shell option -.B nocasematch -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -The return value is 0 if the string matches (\fB==\fP) or does not match -(\fB!=\fP) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. +The return value is 0 if the string matches or does not match +the pattern, respectively, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a string. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 -An additional binary operator, \fB=~\fP, is available, with the same -precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP. -When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)). -The return value is 0 if the string matches -the pattern, and 1 otherwise. -If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional -expression's return value is 2. -If the shell option -.B nocasematch -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular -expression are saved in the array variable \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP. -The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index 0 is the portion of the string -matching the entire regular expression. -The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the -string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression. -.if t .sp 0.5 -.if n .sp 1 Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence: .if t .sp 0.5 @@ -807,18 +772,7 @@ A \fBcase\fP command first expands \fIword\fP, and tries to match it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the same matching rules as for pathname expansion (see .B Pathname Expansion -below). -The \fIword\fP is expanded using tilde -expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution, -command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. -Each \fIpattern\fP examined is expanded using tilde -expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution, -command substitution, and process substitution. -If the shell option -.B nocasematch -is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case -of alphabetic characters. -When a match is found, the +below). When a match is found, the corresponding \fIlist\fP is executed. After the first match, no subsequent matches are attempted. The exit status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the @@ -857,32 +811,15 @@ The exit status of the \fBwhile\fP and \fBuntil\fP commands is the exit status of the last \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP command executed, or zero if none was executed. -.SS Shell Function Definitions -.PP -A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and -executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters. -Shell functions are declared as follows: -.TP -[ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP] -This defines a function named \fIname\fP. -The reserved word \fBfunction\fP is optional. -If the \fBfunction\fP reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional. -The \fIbody\fP of the function is the compound command -.I compound\-command -(see \fBCompound Commands\fP above). -That command is usually a \fIlist\fP of commands between { and }, but -may be any command listed under \fBCompound Commands\fP above. -\fIcompound\-command\fP is executed whenever \fIname\fP is specified as the -name of a simple command. -Any redirections (see -.SM -.B REDIRECTION -below) specified when a function is defined are performed -when the function is executed. -The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error -occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. -When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the -last command executed in the body. (See +.TP +[ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () { \fIlist\fP; } +This defines a function named \fIname\fP. The \fIbody\fP of the +function is the +.I list +of commands between { and }. This list +is executed whenever \fIname\fP is specified as the +name of a simple command. The exit status of a function is +the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See .SM .B FUNCTIONS below.) @@ -915,11 +852,7 @@ Each of the \fImetacharacters\fP listed above under has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. .PP -When the command history expansion facilities are being used -(see -.SM -.B HISTORY EXPANSION -below), the +When the command history expansion facilities are being used, the \fIhistory expansion\fP character, usually \fB!\fP, must be quoted to prevent history expansion. .PP @@ -943,9 +876,8 @@ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of .BR $ , .BR ` , -.BR \e , -and, when history expansion is enabled, -.BR ! . +and +.BR \e . The characters .B $ and @@ -961,12 +893,8 @@ or .BR . A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash. -If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an -.B ! -appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. -The backslash preceding the -.B ! -is not removed. +When command history is being used, the double quote may not be used to +quote the history expansion character. .PP The special parameters .B * @@ -978,9 +906,9 @@ quotes (see .B PARAMETERS below). .PP -Words of the form \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq are treated specially. The +Words of the form \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' are treated specially. The word expands to \fIstring\fP, with backslash-escaped characters replaced -as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if +as specifed by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follows: .RS .PD 0 @@ -1012,7 +940,7 @@ vertical tab .B \e\e backslash .TP -.B \e\(aq +.B \e' single quote .TP .B \e\fInnn\fP @@ -1097,7 +1025,6 @@ of \fB"$@"\fP as explained below under .BR "Special Parameters" . Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the -.BR alias , .BR declare , .BR typeset , .BR export , @@ -1105,20 +1032,6 @@ Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the and .B local builtin commands. -.PP -In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value -to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to -append to or add to the variable's previous value. -When += is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been -set, \fIvalue\fP is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the -variable's current value, which is also evaluated. -When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see -.B Arrays -below), the -variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are -appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index. -When applied to a string-valued variable, \fIvalue\fP is expanded and -appended to the variable's value. .SS Positional Parameters .PP A @@ -1173,10 +1086,6 @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "\fB$@\fP" is equivalent to "\fB$1\fP" "\fB$2\fP" ... -If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of -the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original -word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last -part of the original word. When there are no positional parameters, "\fB$@\fP" and .B $@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). @@ -1225,13 +1134,12 @@ to the file name used to invoke as given by argument zero. .TP .B _ -At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the -shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment -or argument list. +At shell startup, set to the absolute file name of the shell or shell +script being executed as passed in the argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion. -Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed -and placed in the environment exported to that command. +Also set to the full file name of each command executed and placed in +the environment exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file currently being checked. .PD @@ -1245,25 +1153,13 @@ The following variables are set by the shell: Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of .BR bash . .TP -.B BASHPID -Expands to the process id of the current bash process. -This differs from \fB$$\fP under certain circumstances, such as subshells -that do not require bash to be re-initialized. -.TP .B BASH_ARGC An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each -frame of the current bash execution call stack. -The number of +frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed -with \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP) is at the top of the stack. -When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto +with \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP) is at the top of the stack. When a +subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto \fBBASH_ARGC\fP. -The shell sets \fBBASH_ARGC\fP only when in extended debugging mode -(see the description of the -.B extdebug -option to the -.B shopt -builtin below) .TP .B BASH_ARGV An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash @@ -1271,12 +1167,6 @@ execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied are pushed onto \fBBASH_ARGV\fP. -The shell sets \fBBASH_ARGV\fP only when in extended debugging mode -(see the description of the -.B extdebug -option to the -.B shopt -builtin below) .TP .B BASH_COMMAND The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the @@ -1288,21 +1178,12 @@ The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option. .TP .B BASH_LINENO An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files -corresponding to each member of \fBFUNCNAME\fP. +corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}. \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source -file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$ifP\fB]}\fP was called. -The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fB. +file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i + 1\fP\fB]}\fP was called. +The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i + 1\fP\fB]}\fB. Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number. .TP -.B BASH_REMATCH -An array variable whose members are assigned by the \fB=~\fP binary -operator to the \fB[[\fP conditional command. -The element with index 0 is the portion of the string -matching the entire regular expression. -The element with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the -string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression. -This variable is read-only. -.TP .B BASH_SOURCE An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding to the elements in the \fBFUNCNAME\fP array variable. @@ -1351,10 +1232,6 @@ This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below). .TP -.B COMP_KEY -The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current -completion function. -.TP .B COMP_LINE The current command line. This variable is available only in shell functions and external @@ -1372,20 +1249,6 @@ commands invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below). .TP -.B COMP_TYPE -Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted -that caused a completion function to be called: -\fITAB\fP, for normal completion, -\fI?\fP, for listing completions after successive tabs, -\fI!\fP, for listing alternatives on partial word completion, -\fI@\fP, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, -or -\fI%\fP, for menu completion. -This variable is available only in shell functions and external -commands invoked by the -programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP -below). -.TP .B COMP_WORDBREAKS The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word separators when performing word completion. @@ -1398,8 +1261,6 @@ subsequently reset. .B COMP_WORDS An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual words in the current command line. -The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would -separate them. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below). @@ -1433,9 +1294,7 @@ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. -The bottom-most element is -.if t \f(CW"main"\fP. -.if n "main". +The bottom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. Assignments to .SM @@ -1720,8 +1579,7 @@ command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. .B HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if -necessary, by removing the oldest entries, -to contain no more than that number of lines. The default +necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. .TP @@ -1746,13 +1604,6 @@ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see .B HISTORY below). The default value is 500. .TP -.B HISTTIMEFORMAT -If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string -for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history -entry displayed by the \fBhistory\fP builtin. -If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so -they may be preserved across shell sessions. -.TP .B HOME The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the \fBcd\fP builtin command. @@ -1874,7 +1725,7 @@ the current mailfile. Example: .RS .PP -\fBMAILPATH\fP=\(aq/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"\(aq +\fBMAILPATH\fP='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"' .PP .B Bash supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user @@ -1910,8 +1761,8 @@ The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs .BR bash . A common value is -.if t \f(CW/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin\fP. -.if n ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''. +.if t \f(CW/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:.\fP. +.if n ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:.''. .TP .B POSIXLY_CORRECT If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell @@ -1959,12 +1810,6 @@ displays during an execution trace. The first character of is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is ``\fB+ \fP''. .TP -.B SHELL -The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable. -If it is not set when the shell starts, -.B bash -assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. -.TP .B TIMEFORMAT The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the @@ -2008,7 +1853,7 @@ The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is included. .IP If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the -value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS\(aq\fP. +value \fB$'\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS'\fP. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. .TP @@ -2023,10 +1868,6 @@ number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. .TP -.B TMPDIR -If set, \fBBash\fP uses its value as the name of a directory in which -\fBBash\fP creates temporary files for the shell's use. -.TP .B auto_resume This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable is set, single word simple @@ -2052,7 +1893,9 @@ job identifier (see .B JOB CONTROL below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality -analogous to the \fB%\fP\fIstring\fP job identifier. +analogous to the +.B % +job identifier. .TP .B histchars The two or three characters which control history expansion @@ -2126,12 +1969,7 @@ character of the .B IFS special variable, and ${\fIname\fP[@]} expands each element of \fIname\fP to a separate word. When there are no array members, -${\fIname\fP[@]} expands to nothing. -If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of -the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original -word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last -part of the original word. -This is analogous to the expansion +${\fIname\fP[@]} expands to nothing. This is analogous to the expansion of the special parameters \fB*\fP and \fB@\fP (see .B Special Parameters above). ${#\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]} expands to the length of @@ -2144,8 +1982,6 @@ The .B unset builtin is used to destroy arrays. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP] destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP. -Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename -generation. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where \fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array. @@ -2327,7 +2163,7 @@ is unchanged. Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately following a .B : -or the first +or .BR = . In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to @@ -2350,7 +2186,7 @@ interpreted as part of the name. .PP When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `\fB}\fP' not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an -embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter +embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or paramter expansion. .PP .PD 0 @@ -2450,14 +2286,8 @@ parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP. If \fIparameter\fP is an array name indexed by @ or *, the result is the \fIlength\fP members of the array beginning with ${\fIparameter\fP[\fIoffset\fP]}. -A negative \fIoffset\fP is taken relative to one greater than the maximum -index of the specified array. -Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least -one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters -are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. -If \fIoffset\fP is 0, and the positional parameters are used, \fB$0\fP is -prefixed to the list. +are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1. .TP ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} .PD 0 @@ -2469,8 +2299,6 @@ separated by the first character of the .SM .B IFS special variable. -When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each -variable name expands to a separate word. .TP ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} .PD 0 @@ -2564,12 +2392,17 @@ the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP} +.PD 0 +.TP +${\fIparameter\fP\fB//\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP} +.PD The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. \fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP against its value is replaced with \fIstring\fP. -If \Ipattern\fP begins with \fB/\fP, all matches of \fIpattern\fP are -replaced with \fIstring\fP. Normally only the first match is replaced. +In the first form, only the first match is replaced. +The second form causes all matches of \fIpattern\fP to be +replaced with \fIstring\fP. If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB#\fP, it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP. If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB%\fP, it must match at the end @@ -2697,18 +2530,10 @@ is unset, or its value is exactly .BR , the default, then -sequences of -.BR , -.BR , -and -.B -at the beginning and end of the results of the previous -expansions are ignored, and any sequence of .SM .B IFS -characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words. -If +characters serves to delimit words. If .SM .B IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of @@ -2744,7 +2569,7 @@ If the value of .B IFS is null, no word splitting occurs. .PP -Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3\(aq\^\(aq\fP\^) are retained. +Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3'\^'\fP\^) are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a @@ -2777,10 +2602,6 @@ If the .B nullglob option is set, and no matches are found, the word is removed. -If the -.B failglob -shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message -is printed and the command is not executed. If the shell option .B nocaseglob is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case @@ -2805,7 +2626,6 @@ below under for a description of the .BR nocaseglob , .BR nullglob , -.BR failglob , and .B dotglob shell options. @@ -2903,7 +2723,7 @@ and .BR ] , \fIcharacter classes\fP can be specified using the syntax \fB[:\fP\fIclass\fP\fB:]\fP, where \fIclass\fP is one of the -following classes defined in the POSIX standard: +following classes defined in the POSIX.2 standard: .PP .RS .B @@ -2955,7 +2775,7 @@ Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns .TP \fB@(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP -Matches one of the given patterns +Matches exactly one of the given patterns .TP \fB!(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP Matches anything except one of the given patterns @@ -2966,7 +2786,7 @@ Matches anything except one of the given patterns After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters .BR \e , -.BR \(aq , +.BR ' , and \^\f3"\fP\^ that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. .SH REDIRECTION @@ -3052,10 +2872,6 @@ a UDP connection to the corresponding socket. .RE .PP A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. -.PP -Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with -care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses -internally. .SS Redirecting Input .PP Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from @@ -3307,18 +3123,16 @@ builtin commands (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). -The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, +The first word of each command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. -The characters \fB/\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, and \fB=\fP and -any of the shell \fImetacharacters\fP or quoting characters -listed above may not appear in an alias name. -The replacement text may contain any valid shell input, -including shell metacharacters. -The first word of the replacement text is tested +The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid +shell input, including the +.I metacharacters +listed above, with the exception that the alias name may not +contain \fI=\fP. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded -is not expanded a second time. -This means that one may alias +is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias .B ls to .BR "ls \-F" , @@ -3392,7 +3206,7 @@ function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter .B # -is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 +is updated to reflect the change. Positional parameter 0 is unchanged. The first element of the .SM @@ -3404,21 +3218,19 @@ environment are identical between a function and its caller with the exception that the .SM .B DEBUG -and -.B RETURN -traps (see the description of the +trap (see the description of the .B trap builtin under .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS -below) are not inherited unless the function has been given the +below) is not inherited unless the function has been given the \fBtrace\fP attribute (see the description of the .SM .B declare builtin below) or the \fB\-o functrace\fP shell option has been enabled with the \fBset\fP builtin -(in which case all functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps). +(in which case all functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP trap). .PP Variables local to the function may be declared with the .B local @@ -3459,10 +3271,6 @@ automatically have them defined with the option to the .B export builtin. -A function definition may be deleted using the \fB\-f\fP option to -the -.B unset -builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children. @@ -3561,7 +3369,7 @@ If \fIbase#\fP is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order. If \fIbase\fP is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase -letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 +letters may be used interchangably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. .PP Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in @@ -3577,9 +3385,6 @@ If any \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is of the form If the \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is one of \fI/dev/stdin\fP, \fI/dev/stdout\fP, or \fI/dev/stderr\fP, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. -.PP -Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic -links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. .sp 1 .PD 0 .TP @@ -3673,11 +3478,9 @@ builtin below. .B \-z \fIstring\fP True if the length of \fIstring\fP is zero. .TP -\fIstring\fP -.PD 0 -.TP .B \-n \fIstring\fP -.PD +.TP +\fIstring\fP True if the length of .I string is non-zero. @@ -3867,14 +3670,13 @@ the file creation mode mask shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment .IP \(bu -traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the -shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored +traps caught by the shell are reset to the values the inherited +from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored .PP A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. .PP -Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, -and asynchronous commands are invoked in a +Command substitution and asynchronous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin @@ -3988,7 +3790,7 @@ and .SM .BR SIGTSTP . .PP -Non-builtin commands run by \fBbash\fP have signal handlers +Synchronous jobs started by \fBbash\fP have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands ignore @@ -3997,7 +3799,7 @@ ignore and .SM .B SIGQUIT -in addition to these inherited handlers. +as well. Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals .SM @@ -4045,9 +3847,9 @@ sends a .B SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. .PP -If \fBbash\fP is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal -for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until -the command completes. +When \fBbash\fP receives a signal for which a trap has been set while +waiting for a command to complete, the trap will not be executed until +the command completes. When \fBbash\fP is waiting for an asynchronous command via the \fBwait\fP builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the \fBwait\fP builtin to return immediately with an exit status @@ -4175,8 +3977,6 @@ command), the current job is always flagged with a .BR + , and the previous job with a .BR \- . -A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the -current job. .PP Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: @@ -4209,15 +4009,11 @@ is executed for each child that exits. .PP If an attempt to exit .B bash -is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP shell option has -been enabled using the \fBshopt\fP builtin, running), the shell prints a -warning message, and, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP option is enabled, lists the -jobs and their statuses. -The +is made while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a warning message. The .B jobs -command may then be used to inspect their status. +command may then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, -the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped +the shell does not print another warning, and the stopped jobs are terminated. .SH PROMPTING When executing interactively, @@ -4291,14 +4087,13 @@ the username of the current user the version of \fBbash\fP (e.g., 2.00) .TP .B \eV -the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) +the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patchelvel (e.g., 2.00.0) .TP .B \ew -the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde +the current working directory .TP .B \eW -the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP -abbreviated with a tilde +the basename of the current working directory .TP .B \e! the history number of this command @@ -4539,8 +4334,8 @@ backslash .B \e" literal " .TP -.B \e\(aq -literal \(aq +.B \e' +literal ' .RE .PD .PP @@ -4588,7 +4383,7 @@ be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, -including " and \(aq. +including " and '. .PP .B Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified @@ -4617,12 +4412,7 @@ file with a statement of the form Except where noted, readline variables can take the values .B On or -.B Off -(without regard to case). -Unrecognized variable names are ignored. -When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insensitive), -and "1" are equivalent to \fBOn\fP. All other values are equivalent to -\fBOff\fP. +.BR Off . The variables and their default values are: .PP .PD 0 @@ -4633,11 +4423,6 @@ If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to \fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. .TP -.B bind\-tty\-special\-chars (On) -If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to bind the control characters -treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline -equivalents. -.TP .B comment\-begin (``#'') The string that is inserted when the readline .B insert\-comment @@ -4691,9 +4476,9 @@ arrow keys. If set to \fBon\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. .TP -.B history\-preserve\-point (Off) +.B history-preserve-point If set to \fBon\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the -same location on each history line retrieved with \fBprevious-history\fP +same location on each history line retrived with \fBprevious-history\fP or \fBnext-history\fP. .TP .B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off) @@ -4765,16 +4550,6 @@ set to words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. .TP -.B show\-all\-if\-unmodified (Off) -This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in -a fashion similar to \fBshow\-all\-if\-ambiguous\fP. -If set to -.BR on , -words which have more than one possible completion without any -possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share -a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead -of ringing the bell. -.TP .B visible\-stats (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, a character denoting a file's type as reported by \fIstat\fP(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible @@ -4993,8 +4768,6 @@ With an argument insert the \fIn\fPth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the \fIn\fPth word from the end of the previous command. -Once the argument \fIn\fP is computed, the argument is extracted -as if the "!\fIn\fP" history expansion had been specified. .TP .B yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^) @@ -5003,8 +4776,6 @@ the previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like \fByank\-nth\-arg\fP. Successive calls to \fByank\-last\-arg\fP move back through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. -The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, -as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. .TP .B shell\-expand\-line (M\-C\-e) Expand the line as the shell does. This @@ -5154,11 +4925,6 @@ Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBbackward\-word\fP. Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. .TP -.B unix\-filename\-rubout -Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character -as the word boundaries. -The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. -.TP .B delete\-horizontal\-space (M\-\e) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. .TP @@ -5417,7 +5183,7 @@ of an \fIinputrc\fP file. .TP .B dump\-macros Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the -strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, +strings they ouput. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an \fIinputrc\fP file. .TP @@ -5481,7 +5247,7 @@ special variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, -command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, +command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and pathname expansion, as described above under .SM .BR EXPANSION . @@ -5494,14 +5260,10 @@ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command specified with the \fB\-F\fP and \fB\-C\fP options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the .SM -.BR COMP_LINE , -.SM -.BR COMP_POINT , -.SM -.BR COMP_KEY , +.B COMP_LINE and .SM -.B COMP_TYPE +.B COMP_POINT variables are assigned values as described above under \fBShell Variables\fP. If a shell function is being invoked, the @@ -5552,21 +5314,13 @@ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the \fB\-o dirnames\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. .PP -If the \fB\-o plusdirs\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the -compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any -matches are added to the results of the other actions. -.PP By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default \fBbash\fP completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. -If the \fB\-o bashdefault\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when -the compspec was defined, the \fBbash\fP default completions are attempted -if the compspec generates no matches. -If the \fB\-o default\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the +If the \fB-o default\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the compspec was defined, readline's default completion will be performed -if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default \fBbash\fP completions) -generate no matches. +if the compspec generates no matches. .PP When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash @@ -5718,12 +5472,6 @@ history expansion character, which is \^\fB!\fP\^ by default. Only backslash (\^\fB\e\fP\^) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. .PP -Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately -following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: -space, tab, newline, carriage return, and \fB=\fP. -If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled, \fB(\fP will also -inhibit expansion. -.PP Several shell options settable with the .B shopt builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. @@ -5775,8 +5523,7 @@ history list. .B ! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a .BR blank , -newline, carriage return, = -or ( (when the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using +newline, = or ( (when the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP builtin). .TP .B !\fIn\fR @@ -5952,8 +5699,6 @@ section as accepting options preceded by accepts .B \-\- to signify the end of the options. -For example, the \fB:\fP, \fBtrue\fP, \fBfalse\fP, and \fBtest\fP builtins -do not accept options. .sp .5 .PD 0 .TP @@ -6020,18 +5765,17 @@ is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. \fBAlias\fP returns true unless a \fIname\fP is given for which no alias has been defined. .TP -\fBbg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP ...] -Resume each suspended job \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it +\fBbg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP] +Resume the suspended job \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it had been started with .BR & . -If -.I jobspec -is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used. +If \fIjobspec\fP is not present, the shell's notion of the +\fIcurrent job\fP is used. .B bg .I jobspec returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with -job control enabled, any specified \fIjobspec\fP was not found -or was started without job control. +job control enabled, if \fIjobspec\fP was not found or started without +job control. .TP \fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-lpsvPSV\fP] .PD 0 @@ -6084,6 +5828,13 @@ that they can be re-read. .B \-P List current \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings. .TP +.B \-v +Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they +can be re-read. +.TP +.B \-V +List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values. +.TP .B \-s Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output in such a way that they can be re-read. @@ -6092,13 +5843,6 @@ they output in such a way that they can be re-read. Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. .TP -.B \-v -Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they -can be re-read. -.TP -.B \-V -List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values. -.TP .B \-f \fIfilename\fP Read key bindings from \fIfilename\fP. .TP @@ -6187,10 +5931,6 @@ option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of is equivalent to .SM .BR $OLDPWD . -If a non-empty directory name from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, or if -\fB\-\fP is the first argument, and the directory change is -successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is -written to the standard output. The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. .TP @@ -6271,9 +6011,9 @@ will be displayed. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. .TP -\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] +\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] .br -[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP] +[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP] .PD 0 .TP \fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fIname\fP ...] @@ -6304,10 +6044,6 @@ beyond the simple generation of completions. \fIcomp-option\fP may be one of: .RS .TP 8 -.B bashdefault -Perform the rest of the default \fBbash\fP completions if the compspec -generates no matches. -.TP 8 .B default Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. @@ -6323,11 +6059,6 @@ suppressing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. .B nospace Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at the end of the line. -.TP 8 -.B plusdirs -After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, -directory name completion is attempted and any -matches are added to the results of the other actions. .RE .TP 8 \fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP @@ -6530,8 +6261,7 @@ by subsequent assignment statements or unset. .TP .B \-t Give each \fIname\fP the \fItrace\fP attribute. -Traced functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps from -the calling shell. +Traced functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP trap from the calling shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. .TP .B \-x @@ -6539,11 +6269,8 @@ Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment. .PD .PP Using `+' instead of `\-' -turns off the attribute instead, -with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP -may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fB will not -remove the readonly attribute. -When used in a function, +turns off the attribute instead, with the exception that \fB+a\fP +may not be used to destroy an array variable. When used in a function, makes each \fIname\fP local, as with the .B local @@ -6564,7 +6291,7 @@ an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with \fB\-f\fP. .RE .TP -.B dirs [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] [\fB\-cplv\fP] +.B dirs [\fB\-clpv\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories. The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces. @@ -6612,10 +6339,6 @@ of the directory stack. Without options, each .I jobspec is removed from the table of active jobs. -If -.I jobspec -is not present, and neither \fB\-a\fB nor \fB\-r\fP is supplied, -the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used. If the \fB\-h\fP option is given, each .I jobspec is not removed from the table, but is marked so that @@ -6657,7 +6380,9 @@ The \fBxpg_echo\fP shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not \fBecho\fP expands these escape characters by default. .B echo -does not interpret \fB\-\-\fP to mean the end of options. +does not interpret +.B \-\- +to mean the end of options. .B echo interprets the following escape sequences: .RS @@ -6697,13 +6422,17 @@ backslash the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP (zero to three octal digits) .TP +.B \e\fInnn\fP +the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP +(one to three octal digits) +.TP .B \ex\fIHH\fP the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP (one or two hex digits) .PD .RE .TP -\fBenable\fP [\fB\-a\fP] [\fB\-dnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] +\fBenable\fP [\fB\-adnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, @@ -6764,7 +6493,7 @@ become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP. If the .B \-l option is supplied, -the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to +the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to .IR command . This is what .IR login (1) @@ -6822,8 +6551,8 @@ option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The .B \-n -option causes the export property to be removed from each -\fIname\fP. +option causes the export property to be removed from the +named variables. If a variable name is followed by =\fIword\fP, the value of the variable is set to \fIword\fP. .B export @@ -6835,7 +6564,7 @@ is supplied with a .I name that is not a function. .TP -\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-lnr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP] +\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-nlr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP] .PD 0 .TP \fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP] @@ -7115,13 +6844,7 @@ have been modified. An argument of .I n lists only the last .I n -lines. -If the shell variable \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set and not null, -it is used as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to display -the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry. -No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp -and the history line. -If \fIfilename\fP is supplied, it is used as the +lines. If \fIfilename\fP is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of .SM .B HISTFILE @@ -7168,8 +6891,6 @@ history list is removed before the are added. .PD .PP -If the \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set, the time stamp information -associated with each history entry is written to the history file. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid \fIoffset\fP is supplied as an argument to \fB\-d\fP, or the @@ -7244,15 +6965,18 @@ to the processes named by or .IR jobspec . .I sigspec -is either a case-insensitive signal name such as +is either a signal name such as .SM .B SIGKILL -(with or without the +or a signal number; +.I signum +is a signal number. If +.I sigspec +is a signal name, the name may be +given with or without the .SM .B SIG -prefix) or a signal number; -.I signum -is a signal number. +prefix. If .I sigspec is not present, then @@ -7321,10 +7045,6 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: .RS .PD 0 .TP -.B \-n -Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories -from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. -.TP \fB+\fP\fIn\fP Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list shown by @@ -7348,6 +7068,10 @@ removes the last directory, .if n ``popd -1'' .if t \f(CWpopd -1\fP the next to last. +.TP +.B \-n +Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories +from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. .PD .PP If the @@ -7361,7 +7085,7 @@ is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. .RE .TP -\fBprintf\fP [\fB\-v\fP \fIvar\fP] \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP] +\fBprintf\fP \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP] Write the formatted \fIarguments\fP to the standard output under the control of the \fIformat\fP. The \fIformat\fP is a character string which contains three types of objects: @@ -7371,25 +7095,19 @@ format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive \fIargument\fP. In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) formats, \fB%b\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding -\fIargument\fP (except that \fB\ec\fP terminates output, backslashes in -\fB\e\(aq\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes -beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits), -and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding +\fIargument\fP, and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding \fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input. .sp 1 -The \fB\-v\fP option causes the output to be assigned to the variable -\fIvar\fP rather than being printed to the standard output. -.sp 1 The \fIformat\fP is reused as necessary to consume all of the \fIarguments\fP. If the \fIformat\fP requires more \fIarguments\fP than are supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. .TP -\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] +\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP] .PD 0 .TP -\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP] +\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP] .PD Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working @@ -7399,10 +7117,6 @@ Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: .RS .PD 0 .TP -.B \-n -Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories -to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. -.TP \fB+\fP\fIn\fP Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by @@ -7416,6 +7130,10 @@ Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory .BR dirs , starting with zero) is at the top. .TP +.B \-n +Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories +to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. +.TP .I dir Adds .I dir @@ -7456,7 +7174,7 @@ The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. .TP -\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] +\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor \fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word is assigned to the first @@ -7525,7 +7243,7 @@ input is not read within \fItimeout\fP seconds. This option has no effect if \fBread\fP is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe. .TP -.B \-u \fIfd\fP +.B \-u \fIfd\FP Read input from file descriptor \fIfd\fP. .PD .PP @@ -7592,16 +7310,9 @@ the return status is false. Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. .TP -\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] -.PD 0 -.TP -\fBset\fP [\fB+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] -.PD +\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed -in a format that can be reused as input -for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. -Read-only variables cannot be reset. -In \fIposix mode\fP, only shell variables are listed. +in a format that can be reused as input. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated @@ -7615,8 +7326,8 @@ Options, if specified, have the following meanings: .PD 0 .TP 8 .B \-a -Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or -created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. +Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or created +for export to the environment of subsequent commands. .TP 8 .B \-b Report the status of terminated background jobs @@ -7635,14 +7346,12 @@ or .B until keyword, part of the test in an -.B if +.I if statement, part of a .B && or .B \(bv\(bv -list, -any command in a pipeline but the last, -or if the command's return value is +list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via .BR ! . A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits. @@ -7766,17 +7475,11 @@ Same as Same as .BR \-P . .TP 8 -.B pipefail -If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last -(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all -commands in the pipeline exit successfully. -This option is disabled by default. -.TP 8 .B posix Change the behavior of .B bash where the default operation differs -from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP). +from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP). .TP 8 .B privileged Same as @@ -7890,11 +7593,9 @@ follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. .TP 8 .B \-T -If set, any traps on \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP are inherited by shell -functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a -subshell environment. -The \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps are normally not inherited -in such cases. +If set, any trap on \fBDEBUG\fP is inherited by shell functions, command +substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment. +The \fBDEBUG\fP trap is normally not inherited in such cases. .TP 8 .B \-\- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are @@ -7998,11 +7699,6 @@ The list of \fBshopt\fP options is: .if n .sp 1v .PD 0 .TP 8 -.B autocd -If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if -it were the argument to the \fBcd\fP command. -This option is only used by interactive shells. -.TP 8 .B cdable_vars If set, an argument to the .B cd @@ -8025,13 +7721,6 @@ If set, \fBbash\fP checks that a command found in the hash table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no longer exists, a normal path search is performed. .TP 8 -.B checkjobs -If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before -exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes -the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an -intervening command (see \fBJOB CONTROL\fP above). The shell always -postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. -.TP 8 .B checkwinsize If set, \fBbash\fP checks the window size after each command and, if necessary, updates the values of @@ -8086,20 +7775,6 @@ If the command run by the \fBDEBUG\fP trap returns a value of 2, and the shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script executed by the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins), a call to \fBreturn\fP is simulated. -.TP -.B 4. -\fBBASH_ARGC\fP and \fBBASH_ARGV\fP are updated as described in their -descriptions above. -.TP -.B 5. -Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and -subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the -\fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps. -.TP -.B 6. -Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and -subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the -\fBERROR\fP trap. .RE .TP 8 .B extglob @@ -8107,28 +7782,10 @@ If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under \fBPathname Expansion\fP are enabled. .TP 8 .B extquote -If set, \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is +If set, \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is performed within \fB${\fP\fIparameter\fP\fB}\fP expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 -.B failglob -If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion -result in an expansion error. -.TP 8 -.B force_fignore -If set, the suffixes specified by the \fBFIGNORE\fP shell variable -cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if -the ignored words are the only possible completions. -See -.SM -\fBSHELL VARIABLES\fP -above for a description of \fBFIGNORE\fP. -This option is enabled by default. -.TP 8 -.B gnu_errfmt -If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error -message format. -.TP 8 .B histappend If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the @@ -8209,12 +7866,6 @@ expansion (see .B Pathname Expansion above). .TP 8 -.B nocasematch -If set, -.B bash -matches patterns in a case\-insensitive fashion when performing matching -while executing \fBcase\fP or \fB[[\fP conditional commands. -.TP 8 .B nullglob If set, .B bash @@ -8230,9 +7881,8 @@ If set, the programmable completion facilities (see This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B promptvars -If set, prompt strings undergo -parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic -expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in +If set, prompt strings undergo variable and parameter expansion after +being expanded as described in .SM .B PROMPTING above. This option is enabled by default. @@ -8288,8 +7938,6 @@ Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries described above under .SM .BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" . -\fBtest\fP does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore -an argument of \fB\-\-\fP as signifying the end of options. .if t .sp 0.5 .if n .sp 1 Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed @@ -8376,7 +8024,7 @@ using the rules listed above. Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. .TP -\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [[\fIarg\fP] \fIsigspec\fP ...] +\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [\fIarg\fP] [\fIsigspec\fP ...] The command .I arg is to be read and executed when the shell receives @@ -8384,10 +8032,10 @@ signal(s) .IR sigspec . If .I arg -is absent (and there is a single \fIsigspec\fP) or +is absent or .BR \- , -each specified signal is -reset to its original disposition (the value it had +all specified signals are +reset to their original values (the values they had upon entrance to the shell). If .I arg @@ -8405,7 +8053,7 @@ If no arguments are supplied or if only .B \-p is given, .B trap -prints the list of commands associated with each signal. +prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. The .B \-l option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and @@ -8414,7 +8062,6 @@ Each .I sigspec is either a signal name defined in <\fIsignal.h\fP>, or a signal number. -Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a .I sigspec is @@ -8436,7 +8083,7 @@ command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see .SM .B SHELL GRAMMAR above). -Refer to the description of the \fBextdebug\fP option to the +Refer to the description of the \fBextglob\fP option to the \fBshopt\fP builtin for details of its effect on the \fBDEBUG\fP trap. If a .I sigspec @@ -8445,8 +8092,7 @@ is .BR ERR , the command .I arg -is executed whenever a simple command has a non\-zero exit status, -subject to the following conditions. +is executed whenever a simple command has a non\-zero exit status. The .SM .B ERR @@ -8465,7 +8111,6 @@ or list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via .BR ! . -These are the same conditions obeyed by the \fBerrexit\fP option. If a .I sigspec is @@ -8476,8 +8121,8 @@ the command is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. -Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original -values in a child process when it is created. +Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child +process when it is created. The return status is false if any .I sigspec is invalid; otherwise @@ -8560,7 +8205,7 @@ option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin. returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. .TP -\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx\fP [\fIlimit\fP]] +\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-SHacdflmnpstuv\fP [\fIlimit\fP]] Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The \fB\-H\fP and \fB\-S\fP options specify that the hard or soft limit is @@ -8596,14 +8241,8 @@ The maximum size of core files created .B \-d The maximum size of a process's data segment .TP -.B \-e -The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") -.TP .B \-f -The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children -.TP -.B \-i -The maximum number of pending signals +The maximum size of files created by the shell .TP .B \-l The maximum size that may be locked into memory @@ -8618,12 +8257,6 @@ allow this value to be set) .B \-p The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set) .TP -.B \-q -The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues -.TP -.B \-r -The maximum real-time scheduling priority -.TP .B \-s The maximum stack size .TP @@ -8635,9 +8268,6 @@ The maximum number of processes available to a single user .TP .B \-v The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell -.TP -.B \-x -The maximum number of file locks .PD .PP If @@ -8706,7 +8336,8 @@ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be unset. If .B \-f -is specified, each +is specifed, +each .I name refers to a shell function, and the function definition is removed. @@ -8733,9 +8364,9 @@ subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a .I name is readonly. .TP -\fBwait\fP [\fIn ...\fP] -Wait for each specified process and return its termination status. -Each +\fBwait\fP [\fIn\fP] +Wait for the specified process and return its termination +status. .I n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes @@ -8822,13 +8453,10 @@ turning off restricted mode with .PP These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. .PP -.ie \n(zY=1 When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed, -.el \{ When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed -(see +When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see .SM .B "COMMAND EXECUTION" above), -\} .B rbash turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. @@ -8879,7 +8507,7 @@ bfox@gnu.org .PP Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University .br -chet@po.cwru.edu +chet@po.CWRU.Edu .SH BUG REPORTS If you find a bug in .B bash, @@ -8920,7 +8548,7 @@ it provides for filing a bug report. .PP Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to -.IR chet@po.cwru.edu . +.IR chet@po.CWRU.Edu . .SH BUGS .PP It's too big and too slow. @@ -8948,9 +8576,7 @@ a unit. .PP Commands inside of \fB$(\fP...\fB)\fP command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted. This will delay error -reporting until some time after the command is entered. For example, -unmatched parentheses, even inside shell comments, will result in -error messages while the construct is being read. +reporting until some time after the command is entered. .PP Array variables may not (yet) be exported. .zZ diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index b4ba87fa1..7cb8d77b9 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2006 December 26BASH(1) +BASH(1)2007 January 12BASH(1)

Index @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

COPYRIGHT

-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2005 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2007 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.  

DESCRIPTION

@@ -2260,6 +2260,8 @@ for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the history builtin. If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. +This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from +other history lines.
HOME
@@ -7279,6 +7281,14 @@ the number of lines specified by the value of HISTFILESIZE. +When the history file is read, +lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately +by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line. +These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of the +HISTTIMEFORMAT + + +variable. When an interactive shell exits, the last $HISTSIZE @@ -7305,7 +7315,16 @@ If is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is -not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated +not saved. +If the + + +variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked +with the history comment character, so +they may be preserved across shell sessions. +This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from +other history lines. +After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HISTFILESIZE @@ -7478,6 +7497,9 @@ history expansion mechanism (see the description of above under Shell Variables). +The shell uses +the history comment character to mark history timestamps when +writing the history file.  

Event Designators

@@ -9229,7 +9251,11 @@ are added.

If the HISTTIMEFORMAT is set, the time stamp information -associated with each history entry is written to the history file. +associated with each history entry is written to the history file, +marked with the history comment character. +When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history +comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted +as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid offset is supplied as an argument to -d, or the @@ -11515,7 +11541,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.

-
GNU Bash-3.22006 December 26BASH(1) +GNU Bash-3.22007 January 12BASH(1)
@@ -11619,6 +11645,6 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 09 January 2007 09:51:43 EST +Time: 16 January 2007 11:15:22 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 7a1f7eb62..e3a221b83 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.1 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 2 10:25:15 2007 +%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 16 11:15:08 2007 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ BP (bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag)108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1 (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2005 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(yright \251 1989-2007 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F22.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(1)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(2)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ F1(Pipelines)87 679.2 Q F0(A)108 691.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.919 E F0 .419 F F1(|)2.92 E F0 5.42(.T)C .42(he format for a pipeline)-5.42 F(is:)108 703.2 Q([)144 720 Q F1(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [ ! ])A F2 (command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -699,8 +699,8 @@ A({)108 573.6 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)3.89 E F0 .402 F(SIONS)144 727.2 Q F5(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.633 G 1.133 (rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F3([[)3.632 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(4) -190.955 E 0 Cg EP +F3([[)3.632 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(4)195.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ F 1.538(played w)144 715.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 727.2 R 2.565 (ain. 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with a)-3.42 F 2.807(`?'. When)144 192 R .307(used in the te) -2.807 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G -.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.308 E +essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 192 R .308(used in the te) +2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G +.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E (ple:)144 204 Q F1(MAILP)144 216 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 228 Q F0 .389 -(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F -.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 228 Q F0 .388 +(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F +.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F (system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 240 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 252 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 264 R .389 -(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 276 R(UIL) --.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) -5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 288 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 300 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .588 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 252 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 264 R .39(alue 1,) +-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) +2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 +F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 276 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 288 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 300 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 312 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 312 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 324 S -.344(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.844 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .344 -(indicates the current directory)2.844 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .345 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.845(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --2.845 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 336 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 348 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 360 Q F0(.)A -F1(POSIXL)108 372 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 384 R .472 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E -F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 -(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +.345(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.845 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .345 +(indicates the current directory)2.845 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .344 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.844(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-2.844 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 336 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 348 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 360 +Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 372 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 384 +R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) +2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 396 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 408 Q F1(bash)2.5 @@ -1801,40 +1804,40 @@ E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) (xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 420 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 (If set, the v)144 432 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PS1) -108 444 Q F0 .065(The v)19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F +108 444 Q F0 .064(The v)19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 456 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 468 Q F0 .004(The v)19.33 F .004 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 468 Q F0 .005(The v)19.33 F .005 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1) -2.505 E F0 .005(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The) -5.005 E(def)144 480 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 492 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +2.505 E F0 .004(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The) +5.004 E(def)144 480 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 492 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) 144 504 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 516 Q F0 -1.098(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.099 -(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 528 Q F1(bash)3.726 E -F0 1.226(displays during an e)3.726 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.226 -(cution trace.).15 F 1.225(The \214rst character of)6.226 F F2(PS4)3.725 -E F0 1.225(is replicated multiple)3.475 F(times, as necessary)144 540 Q +1.099(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.098 +(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 528 Q F1(bash)3.725 E +F0 1.225(displays during an e)3.725 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.225 +(cution trace.).15 F 1.226(The \214rst character of)6.225 F F2(PS4)3.726 +E F0 1.226(is replicated multiple)3.476 F(times, as necessary)144 540 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 552 Q F0 .663 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 552 Q F0 .664 (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 564 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 576 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 588 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 588 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 600 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 612 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 612 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 (an escape sequence that is e)144 624 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 636 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 654 Q F0 2.5 (Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 666 Q F4(p)A F1 @@ -1845,184 +1848,184 @@ F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1 F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 (The optional)144 718.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 730.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 730.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 (At most three places after the)5.025 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(14)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .537(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 84 R .537(alues of) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)3.037 E F0 .537 -(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E F1(p)3.038 E F0 -.538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 96 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E -.668(The optional)144 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.168 E F0 .668 +-.35 E .538(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 84 R .538(alues of) +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)3.038 E F0 .537 +(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E F1(p)3.037 E F0 +.537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 96 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E +.667(The optional)144 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F0 .668 (speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F1 -(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F1(SS)A F0(.)A F1(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 124.8 Q F1(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144 -141.6 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.501 E F0 .001 -(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.501 E -(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .495(If the v)144 +(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F1(SS)A F0(.)A F1(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 124.8 Q F1(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 +(If this v)144 141.6 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)2.501 E +F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.5 E +(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 153.6 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -165.6 Q F2(TMOUT)108 182.4 Q F0 .717(If set to a v)144 194.4 R .717 +165.6 Q F2(TMOUT)108 182.4 Q F0 .718(If set to a v)144 194.4 R .717 (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.217 E F0 .717 -(is treated as the def)3.217 F .718(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18 -(re)3.218 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.218 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 206.4 Q F2 +(is treated as the def)3.217 F .717(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18 +(re)3.217 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.217 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 206.4 Q F2 (select)2.542 E F0 .042(command terminates if input does not arri)2.542 F .342 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.542 E F0 .042 -(seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 218.4 -R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) -.15 F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 +(seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 218.4 +R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) +.15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 (wa)144 230.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 (aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 259.2 Q F0 .273(If set,)144 -271.2 R F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273(uses its v)2.773 F .274 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.774 F(shell')144 283.2 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 300 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -312 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 324 R +242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 259.2 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 +271.2 R F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 283.2 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 300 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 312 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 324 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 336 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -348 R(The)6.125 E F1(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 360 Q 1.133(xt, is the command line used to start it.) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 336 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +348 R(The)6.125 E F1(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 360 Q 1.132(xt, is the command line used to start it.) -.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act) -.2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 +.2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 372 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F1(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 +F F1(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 384 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 396 Q F2(%?)3.333 E F0 -.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) +-5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 396 Q F2(%?)3.334 E F0 +.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) 3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 -(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 +3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 +(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 408 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F2(%)2.815 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 420 Q(.)-.55 E -F2(histchars)108 436.8 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 448.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F2(%)2.816 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 420 Q(.)-.55 E +F2(histchars)108 436.8 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 448.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 (rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 460.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F1 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 460.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F1 1.216 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G +1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 472.8 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F2(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F1(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 484.8 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 484.8 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 496.8 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 508.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 520.8 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 532.8 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.379(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 508.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 520.8 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 532.8 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 +F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 544.8 Q F2(Arrays)87 561.6 Q (Bash)108 573.6 Q F0(pro)2.958 E .458(vides one-dimensional array v)-.15 F 2.958(ariables. An)-.25 F 2.958(yv)-.15 G .458 (ariable may be used as an array; the)-3.208 F F2(declar)2.958 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G(iltin).2 E .961(will e)108 585.6 R .961 -(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.961(.T)-.65 G .961 -(here is no maximum limit on the size of an array)-5.961 F 3.46(,n)-.65 -G .96(or an)-3.46 F 3.46(yr)-.15 G(equirement)-3.46 E +E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G(iltin).2 E .96(will e)108 585.6 R .96 +(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.96(.T)-.65 G .961 +(here is no maximum limit on the size of an array)-5.96 F 3.461(,n)-.65 +G .961(or an)-3.461 F 3.461(yr)-.15 G(equirement)-3.461 E (that members be inde)108 597.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra) -2.5 G(ssigned contiguously)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G(rrays are inde)-5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(du).15 G(sing inte)-2.5 E(gers and are zero-based.)-.15 E -1.301(An array is created automatically if an)108 614.4 R 3.801(yv)-.15 -G 1.302(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-4.051 F F1(name)3.802 E +1.302(An array is created automatically if an)108 614.4 R 3.801(yv)-.15 +G 1.301(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-4.051 F F1(name)3.801 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0(.)A(The)108 626.4 Q F1 -(subscript)3.182 E F0 .342(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.522 F .342 -(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .341 -(luate to a number greater than or equal to).25 F 4.076(zero. T)108 -638.4 R 4.076(oe)-.8 G 1.577(xplicitly declare an array)-4.226 F 4.077 +(subscript)3.181 E F0 .341(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.521 F .342 +(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .342 +(luate to a number greater than or equal to).25 F 4.077(zero. T)108 +638.4 R 4.077(oe)-.8 G 1.577(xplicitly declare an array)-4.227 F 4.077 (,u)-.65 G(se)-4.077 E F2(declar)4.077 E 4.077<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.077 E F1 -(name)4.077 E F0(\(see)4.077 E F3 1.577(SHELL B)4.077 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.577 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.827 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 650.4 Q -3.376<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.376 E F1(name)3.376 E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(]) -A F0 .876(is also accepted; the)3.376 F F1(subscript)3.375 E F0 .875 -(is ignored.)3.375 F(Attrib)5.875 E .875(utes may be speci\214ed for an) +(name)4.077 E F0(\(see)4.077 E F3 1.577(SHELL B)4.077 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.576 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.826 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 650.4 Q +3.375<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.375 E F1(name)3.375 E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(]) +A F0 .875(is also accepted; the)3.375 F F1(subscript)3.375 E F0 .875 +(is ignored.)3.375 F(Attrib)5.875 E .876(utes may be speci\214ed for an) -.2 F(array v)108 662.4 Q(ariable using the)-.25 E F2(declar)2.5 E(e) -.18 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G 2.5 (iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)2.5 E(ute applies to all members of an array) -.2 E(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 679.2 R F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F1(value)108 691.2 Q F0 .65(is of the form [)3.15 F F1 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F1(value)108 691.2 Q F0 .65(is of the form [)3.15 F F1 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(string)A F0 5.65(.O)C(nly)-5.65 E F1(string)3.15 E F0 .65(is required.)3.15 F .65(If the optional brack)5.65 F .65 -(ets and subscript are)-.1 F .276(supplied, that inde)108 703.2 R 2.776 -(xi)-.15 G 2.776(sa)-2.776 G .276(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-2.776 -F 2.777(xo)-.15 G 2.777(ft)-2.777 G .277 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.777 F 2.777(xa)-.15 G .277 -(ssigned to)-2.777 F 1.394(by the statement plus one.)108 715.2 R(Inde) -6.394 E 1.394(xing starts at zero.)-.15 F 1.393 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)6.394 F F2(declar)3.893 E(e)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)3.893 G(iltin.).2 E(Indi)108 727.2 Q +(ets and subscript are)-.1 F .277(supplied, that inde)108 703.2 R 2.777 +(xi)-.15 G 2.777(sa)-2.777 G .277(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-2.777 +F 2.777(xo)-.15 G 2.777(ft)-2.777 G .276 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.777 F 2.776(xa)-.15 G .276 +(ssigned to)-2.776 F 1.393(by the statement plus one.)108 715.2 R(Inde) +6.393 E 1.393(xing starts at zero.)-.15 F 1.394 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)6.394 F F2(declar)3.894 E(e)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.894 G(iltin.).2 E(Indi)108 727.2 Q (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E -(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E +(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 -(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 +-.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 96 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) 4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 108 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 120 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 108 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 120 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B .52 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 132 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +1.375(of the)108 132 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 (there are no array members, ${)108 144 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 156 R .759(ord, the e) +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 156 R .759(ord, the e) -.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 -F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e) +F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e) 108 168 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ -art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) -3.015 F .227(to the e)108 180 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) +art of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous) +3.016 F .228(to the e)108 180 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) -.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 192 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .733(ments in the array)108 204 R -5.733(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.733 F .733 -(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .734 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .734(ments in the array)108 204 R +5.734(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.734 F .733 +(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .733 (lent to referencing element).25 F(zero.)108 216 Q(The)108 232.8 Q F2 -(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767 +(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767 (ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1 (subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267 -(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 +(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 244.8 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38(en to a)-.1 F -.2 (vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F 1.38 (fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F2(unset)6.38 E F1(name) @@ -2030,40 +2033,40 @@ art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) (,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 (@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 273.6 Q F2(declar)3.671 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.671 E F0 3.671(,a)C(nd)-3.671 E F2 -.18(re) -3.671 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171(iltins each accept a).2 F -F23.671 E F0 1.17(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.17(.T)-.65 -G(he)-6.17 E F2 -.18(re)3.67 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 273.6 Q F2(declar)3.67 E(e)-.18 +E F0(,)A F2(local)3.67 E F0 3.67(,a)C(nd)-3.67 E F2 -.18(re)3.67 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.17(iltins each accept a).2 F F2 +3.671 E F0 1.171(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.171(.T)-.65 G(he) +-6.171 E F2 -.18(re)3.671 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G(iltin).2 E .441 (accepts a)108 285.6 R F22.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 297.6 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 314.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 326.4 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 338.4 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 338.4 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 350.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .471(The order of e)108 367.2 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 +E .47(The order of e)108 367.2 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 (xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G -.47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E (and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 379.2 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 396 Q (xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 412.8 R 1.486 -(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 424.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 412.8 R 1.487 +(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 424.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) -.15 F -.15(ex)108 436.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G @@ -2074,55 +2077,55 @@ Q F1(Br)108.58 465.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 489.6 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 489.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 501.6 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 513.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 525.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 542.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 513.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 525.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 542.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 554.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.133(As) -108 571.2 S .633(equence e)-3.133 F .633(xpression tak)-.15 F .633 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.133 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2(})A F0 3.133 -(,w)C(here)-3.133 E F1(x)3.133 E F0(and)3.134 E F1(y)3.134 E F0 .634 -(are either inte)3.134 F .634(gers or single characters.)-.15 F(When) -5.634 E(inte)108 583.2 Q .402(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .402 +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.134(As) +108 571.2 S .634(equence e)-3.134 F .634(xpression tak)-.15 F .634 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.134 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2(})A F0 3.134 +(,w)C(here)-3.134 E F1(x)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E F1(y)3.133 E F0 .633 +(are either inte)3.133 F .633(gers or single characters.)-.15 F(When) +5.633 E(inte)108 583.2 Q .401(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .401 (xpression e)-.15 F .401(xpands to each number between)-.15 F F1(x)2.901 -E F0(and)2.901 E F1(y)2.901 E F0 2.901(,i)C(nclusi)-2.901 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.401(.W).15 G .401(hen characters)-5.401 F .687(are supplied, the e) +E F0(and)2.902 E F1(y)2.902 E F0 2.902(,i)C(nclusi)-2.902 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 5.402(.W).15 G .402(hen characters)-5.402 F .688(are supplied, the e) 108 595.2 R .688(xpression e)-.15 F .688(xpands to each character le) -.15 F .688(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.188 E F0(and)3.188 E -F1(y)3.188 E F0 3.188(,i)C(nclusi)-3.188 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.688(.N).15 G -(ote)-5.688 E(that both)108 607.2 Q F1(x)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(y)2.5 E -F0(must be of the same type.)2.5 E .582(Brace e)108 624 R .582 -(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) --3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 636 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 648 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) -108 664.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ +F1(y)3.188 E F0 3.187(,i)C(nclusi)-3.187 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.687(.N).15 G +(ote)-5.687 E(that both)108 607.2 Q F1(x)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(y)2.5 E +F0(must be of the same type.)2.5 E .581(Brace e)108 624 R .581 +(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) +-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 636 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 648 Q(xt of the e) +-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac) +108 664.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \ contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 676.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F +3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 676.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 688.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 700.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 +(sion. T)108 700.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 712.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(16)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP +108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(16)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2135,144 +2138,144 @@ E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 112.8 Q(cho)144 124.8 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E (Brace e)108 141.6 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 153.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 165.6 Q -.15 +5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 153.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 165.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 177.6 Q F0 -.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 -(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 +(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 (If strict compatibility with)108 189.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 201.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 218.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 230.4 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 218.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 230.4 R 1.086(ord be) +-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ ed a)108 242.4 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ \214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 254.4 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 266.4 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 266.4 Q +.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 278.4 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 278.4 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 290.4 Q .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 290.4 Q .093 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 307.2 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 319.2 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 319.2 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 331.2 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 331.2 R F2(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -343.2 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 355.2 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +343.2 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 355.2 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 367.2 Q(If the login name is in)108 384 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 400.8 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 400.8 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.281(these cases, tilde e)108 412.8 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.282(these cases, tilde e)108 412.8 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 424.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 441.6 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 -(The `)108 453.6 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 465.6 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 477.6 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 441.6 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605 +(The `)108 453.6 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 465.6 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 477.6 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -489.6 Q 1.189 +489.6 Q 1.19 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -506.4 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -518.4 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 530.4 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 547.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(})A 1.204(The v)144 559.2 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +506.4 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 518.4 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 547.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 +(The v)144 559.2 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F +F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 571.2 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 583.2 Q 1.508 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 583.2 Q 1.509 (If the \214rst character of)108 600 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.009(lo).15 G 4.009(fv)-4.009 G 1.509 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.259 F F1(Bash)108 612 Q F0 .106 +4.009(lo).15 G 4.008(fv)-4.009 G 1.508 +(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.258 F F1(Bash)108 612 Q F0 .106 (uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .351(able is then e)108 624 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 +E .352(able is then e)108 624 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.352(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 636 Q F0 2.52 -(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.52 E -.02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 648 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2 -(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F -.763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763 -(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 660 Q +.351(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 636 Q F0 2.519 +(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir) +2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 +F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .02(*} and)B(${)108 648 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 +F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G +.763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 660 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 676.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F 1.417(and arithmetic e)108 688.8 R 3.918(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.418 +F 1.418(and arithmetic e)108 688.8 R 3.918(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.418 (not performing substring e)3.918 F(xpansion,)-.15 E F1(bash)3.918 E F0 1.418(tests for a parameter that is)3.918 F(unset or null; omitting the\ colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)108 700.8 Q -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .723(Use Default V) -144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F -F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) +/Times-Bold@0 SF<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .722(Use Default V) +144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F +F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-) -.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E -F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 144 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E +F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 +(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E +(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 144 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 180 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C (f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 192 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 192 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F (interacti)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2282,97 +2285,97 @@ F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 240 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 252 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 264 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797 -(Substring Expansion.)144 276 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796 +(Substring Expansion.)144 276 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1 (length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 288 -R F1(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length)2.728 E +E F0 .797(starting at the character)3.296 F .229(speci\214ed by)144 288 +R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 -(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F(-)-.2 E -.433(acter speci\214ed by)144 300 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 +(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .228(starting at the char)2.728 F(-)-.2 E +.432(acter speci\214ed by)144 300 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 (length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 (are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 312 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.326 E F0 .326(must e)2.826 F +SF .433(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 312 S(ION).855 +E F0(belo)2.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.327 E F0 .327(must e)2.827 F -.25(va)-.25 G .326(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 -F(If)5.327 E F1(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E -.016(to a number less than zero, the v)144 324 R .015 +F(If)5.326 E F1(of)2.826 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.826 G(luates).25 E +.015(to a number less than zero, the v)144 324 R .015 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F -.015(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 +.016(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.516 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.016(.I)C(f)-5.016 E F1(par)144 336 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C .75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 (positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E (fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 -(is an)3.25 F 1.835(array name inde)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.335(db) -.15 G 4.335(y@o)-4.335 G 4.335(r*)-4.335 G 4.335(,t)-4.335 G 1.835 -(he result is the)-4.335 F F1(length)4.335 E F0 1.834 -(members of the array be)4.335 F 1.834(ginning with)-.15 F(${)144 360 Q -F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 2.61(]}. A)B(ne) -2.61 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)2.76 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .111(is tak)2.61 F .111(en relati)-.1 F .411 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.611 -(oo).15 G .111(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.611 F 2.611(xo)-.15 G -(f)-2.611 E .92(the speci\214ed array)144 372 R 5.92(.N)-.65 G .92 +(is an)3.25 F 1.834(array name inde)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.334(db) +.15 G 4.334(y@o)-4.334 G 4.335(r*)-4.334 G 4.335(,t)-4.335 G 1.835 +(he result is the)-4.335 F F1(length)4.335 E F0 1.835 +(members of the array be)4.335 F 1.835(ginning with)-.15 F(${)144 360 Q +F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 2.611(]}. A)B(ne) +2.611 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)2.761 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .111(is tak)2.611 F .111(en relati)-.1 F .411 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.611 +(oo).15 G .11(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.611 F 2.61(xo)-.15 G +(f)-2.61 E .92(the speci\214ed array)144 372 R 5.92(.N)-.65 G .92 (ote that a ne)-5.92 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.22 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .92(set must be separated from the colon by at least one) -.25 F .64(space to a)144 384 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .641 +.25 F .641(space to a)144 384 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .641 (id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.141(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F -(inde)3.141 E .641(xing is zero-based unless the)-.15 F .299 +(inde)3.141 E .64(xing is zero-based unless the)-.15 F .299 (positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 396 R .299 (xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.799(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.799 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .298(is 0, and)2.799 F(the positional parameters are used,)144 +-.18 E F0 .299(is 0, and)2.799 F(the positional parameters are used,)144 408 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 424.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 436.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A .42(Expands to the names of v)144 448.8 R .42(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .42(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr) 2.92 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.92(,s)C .42(eparated by the \214rst character) --2.92 F .099(of the)144 460.8 R F3(IFS)2.599 E F0 .099(special v)2.349 F -2.599(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.599 E F0 .098(is used and the e)2.599 -F .098(xpansion appears within double quotes, each)-.15 F -.25(va)144 +-2.92 F .098(of the)144 460.8 R F3(IFS)2.598 E F0 .098(special v)2.348 F +2.598(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.598 E F0 .099(is used and the e)2.598 +F .099(xpansion appears within double quotes, each)-.15 F -.25(va)144 472.8 S(riable name e).25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${) 108 489.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 501.6 Q F2(!)A -F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A(If)144 513.6 Q F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421 -(is an array v)2.921 F .421(ariable, e)-.25 F .421 +F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A(If)144 513.6 Q F1(name)2.922 E F0 .421 +(is an array v)2.922 F .421(ariable, e)-.25 F .421 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .421 -(s\) assigned in).15 F F1(name)2.921 E F0 5.422(.I)C(f)-5.422 E F1(name) -2.922 E F0 .238(is not an array)144 525.6 R 2.738(,e)-.65 G .238 -(xpands to 0 if)-2.888 F F1(name)2.738 E F0 .237 -(is set and null otherwise.)2.738 F(When)5.237 E F1(@)2.737 E F0 .237 -(is used and the e)2.737 F(xpansion)-.15 E +(s\) assigned in).15 F F1(name)2.921 E F0 5.421(.I)C(f)-5.421 E F1(name) +2.921 E F0 .237(is not an array)144 525.6 R 2.737(,e)-.65 G .237 +(xpands to 0 if)-2.887 F F1(name)2.737 E F0 .238 +(is set and null otherwise.)2.737 F(When)5.238 E F1(@)2.738 E F0 .238 +(is used and the e)2.738 F(xpansion)-.15 E (appears within double quotes, each k)144 537.6 Q .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H (pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 554.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.391(The length in characters of the v)144 566.4 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.392(The length in characters of the v)144 566.4 R 1.392(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.892 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.392 (is substituted.)3.892 F(If)6.392 E F1(par)5.142 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -4.622 E F2(*)3.892 E F0(or)3.892 E F2(@)3.892 E F0 3.892(,t)C(he)-3.892 -E -.25(va)144 578.4 S 1.749 +4.622 E F2(*)3.891 E F0(or)3.891 E F2(@)3.891 E F0 3.891(,t)C(he)-3.891 +E -.25(va)144 578.4 S 1.748 (lue substituted is the number of positional parameters.).25 F(If)6.749 -E F1(par)5.498 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.748(is an array name sub-)4.978 F +E F1(par)5.499 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.749(is an array name sub-)4.979 F (scripted by)144 590.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he v)-2.5 E(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array) -.25 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 607.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d) -.37 E F0(})A(${)108 619.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(})A(The)144 631.2 Q F1(wor)3.33 E(d)-.37 E F0 .49(is e)3.76 F -.491(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.991 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F .491(the pattern matches)2.991 F .412(the be)144 -643.2 R .412(ginning of the v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.911 E +-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 631.2 Q F1(wor)3.331 E(d)-.37 E F0 .491(is e)3.761 +F .491(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.99 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F .49(the pattern matches)2.99 F .411(the be)144 +643.2 R .411(ginning of the v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.911 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.911(,t).73 G .411(hen the result of the e)-2.911 F -.411(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .411(xpanded v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F +.411(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .412(xpanded v)-.15 F .412(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)145.25 655.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .607 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)3.837 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)3.838 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 2.087 -.74('' c)D .607(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the).74 F --.74(``)144 667.2 S F2(##).74 E F0 1.654 -.74('' c)D .174 -(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.174 E F1(par)3.924 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -3.404 E F2(@)2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2(*)2.674 E F0 2.674(,t)C .173 -(he pattern remo)-2.674 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.673(lo).25 G .173 -(peration is applied to each posi-)-2.673 F .654 +-.74(``)144 667.2 S F2(##).74 E F0 1.653 -.74('' c)D .173 +(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.173 E F1(par)3.923 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) +3.403 E F2(@)2.673 E F0(or)2.673 E F2(*)2.673 E F0 2.674(,t)C .174 +(he pattern remo)-2.674 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.674(lo).25 G .174 +(peration is applied to each posi-)-2.674 F .655 (tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 679.2 R .654 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F1(par)4.405 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .651 -(subscripted with)144 691.2 R F2(@)3.151 E F0(or)3.151 E F2(*)3.151 E F0 -3.151(,t)C .651(he pattern remo)-3.151 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.151(lo).25 G -.65(peration is applied to each member of the array in)-3.151 F +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.654 E F1(par)4.404 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .654(is an array v)3.884 F(ariable)-.25 E .65 +(subscripted with)144 691.2 R F2(@)3.15 E F0(or)3.15 E F2(*)3.15 E F0 +3.15(,t)C .65(he pattern remo)-3.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.151(lo).25 G .651 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in)-3.151 F (turn, and the e)144 703.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2381,25 +2384,25 @@ BP -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 108 Q F1(wor) -2.618 E(d)-.37 E F0 .118(is e)2.618 F .119 +2.619 E(d)-.37 E F0 .119(is e)2.619 F .119 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.619 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F .119(the pattern matches a)2.619 F 2.402 -(trailing portion of the e)144 120 R 2.402(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.401 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 4.901(,t).73 G 2.401 -(hen the result of the e)-4.901 F 2.401(xpansion is the)-.15 F -.15(ex) -144 132 S 1.152(panded v).15 F 1.152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E +(xpansion. If)-.15 F .118(the pattern matches a)2.619 F 2.401 +(trailing portion of the e)144 120 R 2.401(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.401 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 4.901(,t).73 G 2.402 +(hen the result of the e)-4.901 F 2.402(xpansion is the)-.15 F -.15(ex) +144 132 S 1.153(panded v).15 F 1.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.382 -F(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.632 -.74('' c)D 1.153(ase\) or the longest).74 F +F(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.632 -.74('' c)D 1.152(ase\) or the longest).74 F .79(matching pattern \(the `)144 144 R(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 2.27 -.74 ('' c)D .79(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.79 E F1(par)4.54 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.02 E F2(@)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(*)3.29 E F0 3.29(,t)C .79 (he pattern remo)-3.29 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.29(lo).25 G(pera-)-3.29 E 1.758(tion is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) -144 156 R 1.758(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.759 E F1 -(par)145.25 168 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .089(is an array v)3.319 F .089 +144 156 R 1.758(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.758 E F1 +(par)145.25 168 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .088(is an array v)3.318 F .089 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.589 E F0(or)2.589 E F2(*)2.589 E -F0 2.589(,t)C .089(he pattern remo)-2.589 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.588(lo).25 -G .088(peration is applied to)-2.588 F +F0 2.589(,t)C .089(he pattern remo)-2.589 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.589(lo).25 +G .089(peration is applied to)-2.589 F (each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 180 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(The)144 208.8 Q F1 @@ -2409,215 +2412,214 @@ G .088(peration is applied to)-2.588 F 144 220.8 S 1.304(panded and the longest match of).15 F F1(pattern)3.804 E F0(ag)3.804 E 1.304(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.304(alue is replaced with) -.25 F F1(string)3.804 E F0 6.304(.I)C 3.804(fI)-6.304 G(pattern)-3.804 -E F1(be)144 232.8 Q 1.33(gins with)-.4 F F2(/)3.83 E F1 3.83(,a)C 1.33 -(ll matc)-3.83 F 1.33(hes of pattern ar)-.15 F 3.831(er)-.37 G 1.331 -(eplaced with string)-4.201 F 6.331(.N)-.15 G 1.331 -(ormally only the \214r)-6.331 F 1.331(st matc)-.1 F 3.831(hi)-.15 G(s) --3.831 E -.37(re)144 244.8 S 2.692(placed. If).37 F .192(pattern be) -2.692 F .191(gins with)-.4 F F2(#)2.691 E F1 2.691(,i)C 2.691(tm)-2.691 -G .191(ust matc)-2.691 F 2.691(ha)-.15 G 2.691(tt)-2.691 G .191(he be) --2.691 F .191(ginning of the e)-.4 F .191(xpanded value of par)-.2 F -(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 256.8 Q 6.048(.I)-1.11 G 3.548(fp)-6.048 G 1.048 -(attern be)-3.548 F 1.048(gins with)-.4 F F2(%)3.548 E F1 3.548(,i)C -3.548(tm)-3.548 G 1.048(ust matc)-3.548 F 3.548(ha)-.15 G 3.548(tt) --3.548 G 1.048(he end of the e)-3.548 F 1.049(xpanded value of par)-.2 F -(ameter)-.15 E 6.049(.I)-1.11 G(f)-6.049 E 2.057(string is null, matc) -144 268.8 R 2.057(hes of pattern ar)-.15 F 4.557(ed)-.37 G 2.057 -(eleted and the)-4.557 F F2(/)4.557 E F1 2.057 -(following pattern may be omitted.)4.557 F(If)7.056 E(par)145.25 280.8 Q -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.328 E F2(@)2.598 E F0(or)2.598 E F2(*)2.598 E F0 -2.598(,t)C .098(he substitution operation is applied to each positional\ - parameter in turn, and)-2.598 F .64(the e)144 292.8 R .64 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.64 E F1(par)4.39 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F -F2(@)3.14 E F0(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F0 3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E 1.446(subs\ -titution operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and \ -the e)144 304.8 R 1.447(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 316.8 -Q F2(Command Substitution)87 333.6 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 -345.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 357.6 Q F2($\()144 379.2 Q F1 +E F1(be)144 232.8 Q 1.331(gins with)-.4 F F2(/)3.831 E F1 3.831(,a)C +1.331(ll matc)-3.831 F 1.331(hes of pattern ar)-.15 F 3.831(er)-.37 G +1.331(eplaced with string)-4.201 F 6.33(.N)-.15 G 1.33 +(ormally only the \214r)-6.33 F 1.33(st matc)-.1 F 3.83(hi)-.15 G(s) +-3.83 E -.37(re)144 244.8 S 2.691(placed. If).37 F .191(pattern be)2.691 +F .191(gins with)-.4 F F2(#)2.691 E F1 2.691(,i)C 2.691(tm)-2.691 G .191 +(ust matc)-2.691 F 2.691(ha)-.15 G 2.691(tt)-2.691 G .191(he be)-2.691 F +.191(ginning of the e)-.4 F .192(xpanded value of par)-.2 F(am-)-.15 E +(eter)144 256.8 Q 6.049(.I)-1.11 G 3.549(fp)-6.049 G 1.049(attern be) +-3.549 F 1.049(gins with)-.4 F F2(%)3.549 E F1 3.549(,i)C 3.548(tm) +-3.549 G 1.048(ust matc)-3.548 F 3.548(ha)-.15 G 3.548(tt)-3.548 G 1.048 +(he end of the e)-3.548 F 1.048(xpanded value of par)-.2 F(ameter)-.15 E +6.048(.I)-1.11 G(f)-6.048 E 2.056(string is null, matc)144 268.8 R 2.057 +(hes of pattern ar)-.15 F 4.557(ed)-.37 G 2.057(eleted and the)-4.557 F +F2(/)4.557 E F1 2.057(following pattern may be omitted.)4.557 F(If)7.057 +E(par)145.25 280.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.329 E F2(@)2.599 E F0(or) +2.598 E F2(*)2.598 E F0 2.598(,t)C .098(he substitution operation is ap\ +plied to each positional parameter in turn, and)-2.598 F .64(the e)144 +292.8 R .64(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.64 E F1(par)4.39 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.14 E F0(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F0 +3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E 1.446(substitution operation is applied to each me\ +mber of the array in turn, and the e)144 304.8 R 1.446(xpansion is the) +-.15 F(resultant list.)144 316.8 Q F2(Command Substitution)87 333.6 Q F1 +1.697(Command substitution)108 345.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 357.6 Q F2($\()144 379.2 Q F1 (command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 391.2 Q F2(`)144 403.2 Q F1(command)A -F2(`)A(Bash)108 420 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019(xpansion by e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .02 +F2(`)A(Bash)108 420 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .019 (and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 (dard output of the command, with an)108 432 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 444 Q 3.218(ym) --.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 444 Q 3.219(ym) +-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 (The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 456 Q -.25(va)-.25 +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 456 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 472.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 484.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2(`) -2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ +.315(when follo)108 484.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2(`) +2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 496.8 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 -F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 496.8 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 +F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 508.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 525.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 537.6 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 554.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 566.4 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 583.2 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 595.2 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 595.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 607.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\() 144 624 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F0(The)108 640.8 Q -F1 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 -(treated specially)108 652.8 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F +F1 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 +(treated specially)108 652.8 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074 (xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 664.8 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 681.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 681.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) 3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.878 E F1 -.2(ex)108 693.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +A F0(If)5.879 E F1 -.2(ex)108 693.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) 2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP +-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)87 84 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)108 96 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A -F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E -F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 108 R .021 -(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021 -(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 120 R -F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)108 96 Q .971(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 +(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F2(FIFOs)A +F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 108 R .021(It tak) +5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 +(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 120 R +F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 132 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) -2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 144 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +-5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 132 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.63 +E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 144 Q F1(<\() +2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 160.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ -ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 +(.)A .897(When a)108 160.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 172.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 189.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 201.6 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 189.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 201.6 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 213.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 230.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 242.4 R(If)6.789 E F3 -(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 -(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 254.4 R F1 -()2.521 E F0(,)A F1()2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 242.4 R(If)6.788 E F3 +(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 +(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 254.4 R F1 +()2.522 E F0(,)A F1()2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 ()2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 -(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 266.4 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F +(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 266.4 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G .586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 -(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 +(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 (es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 278.4 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) 108 290.4 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 302.4 Q F0 -1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 -(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 -(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 314.4 R 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F3(IFS)108 302.4 Q F0 +1.054(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 +(haracter in)-3.554 F F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G +(djacent)-3.553 E F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 314.4 R 2.831(As)5.331 G +.332(equence of)-2.831 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 326.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 343.2 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 343.2 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 355.2 S .177 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G -.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) -2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 355.2 S .176 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G +.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) +2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 (xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 367.2 Q (gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 384 Q (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 412.8 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 412.8 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 424.8 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 (cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 436.8 R -1.457(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F +1.456(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F (option)108 448.8 Q F1(nullglob)3.265 E F0 .765(is disabled, the w)3.265 F .765(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .765(If the)5.765 F F1(nullglob) -3.265 E F0 .765(option is set, and no matches are)3.265 F .305 -(found, the w)108 460.8 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805 +3.265 E F0 .765(option is set, and no matches are)3.265 F .306 +(found, the w)108 460.8 R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806 (d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 -E F0 .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 -(formed without re)108 484.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 -(the character)108 496.8 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 -(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 508.8 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0 -.887(is set.)3.387 F .888 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 520.8 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166 -(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F1 -.63(``) -3.666 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 -(character is not treated specially)6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165 -(ee the description of)-6.165 F F1(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 -E(under)108 532.8 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F1 -(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.978 -E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F1(dotglob)2.978 E F0(shell options.)108 -544.8 Q(The)108 561.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F -.131(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a) --.25 F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E +E F0 .929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 +(formed without re)108 484.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 +(the character)108 496.8 R F1 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +.104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 +(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G +(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 508.8 R F1(dotglob)3.388 E F0 +.888(is set.)3.388 F .887 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 520.8 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165 +(.I)-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F1 -.63(``) +3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 +(character is not treated specially)6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166 +(ee the description of)-6.166 F F1(shopt)3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 +E(under)108 532.8 Q F3 .478(SHELL B)2.978 F(UIL)-.09 E .478 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.728 F F1 +(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.977 +E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E F1(dotglob)2.977 E F0(shell options.)108 +544.8 Q(The)108 561.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 +(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 +F F2(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F3(GLO-)2.631 E (BIGNORE)108 573.6 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.265 E(remo)108 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 (``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) -.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 -(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 -(set and not null.)108 597.6 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 -(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.546 E F0 .614 +.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 +(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 +(set and not null.)108 597.6 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 +(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613 (shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 609.6 R .614 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 -(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613(et the old beha).8 F -.613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be)108 621.6 R .456 +(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F +.614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be)108 621.6 R .457 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 .457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob)2.957 E F0 .457 -(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 633.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456 +(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 633.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 650.4 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) -2.5 E F0(An)108 667.2 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) @@ -2629,7 +2631,7 @@ R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 703.2 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 720 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2638,53 +2640,53 @@ BP -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 84 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tring, including the null string.)-2.5 E F1(?)108 96 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 108 Q F0 -.256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 120 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr) --3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 +.257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15 G .257 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 +(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 120 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789 (haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 -(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 132 R 2.849(sc)-.55 -G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F .35 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.85 E -F0 .564(is a)144 144 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^)3.064 E F0 -.564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 +(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79 +(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 132 R 2.85(sc)-.55 G +.35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349 +(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849 +E F0 .563(is a)144 144 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063 E +F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564 (The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 156 S 1.102(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F -1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.103(shell v) -3.603 F(ari-)-.25 E .089(able, if set.)144 168 R(A)5.089 E F12.589 E +1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.102(shell v) +3.602 F(ari-)-.25 E .088(able, if set.)144 168 R(A)5.088 E F12.588 E F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character\ - in the set.)2.589 F(A)5.088 E F1(])2.588 E F0 .088(may be)2.588 F + in the set.)2.588 F(A)5.089 E F1(])2.589 E F0 .089(may be)2.589 F (matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 180 Q --.4(Wi)144 198 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 +-.4(Wi)144 198 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E F0 +(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.915 G(ar).15 E .415(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F2(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) -2.915 F(the follo)144 210 Q +(:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F2(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of) +2.914 F(the follo)144 210 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 222 R 5.421 -(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 234 Q F0 2.518 -(Ac)144 246 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc)-.15 G -.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 -.1(wo) -2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F +(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 234 Q F0 2.519 +(Ac)144 246 S .019(haracter class matches an)-2.519 F 2.519(yc)-.15 G +.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1 -.1(wo) +2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F (letters, digits, and the character _.)144 258 Q -.4(Wi)144 276 S(thin) -.4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n)-3.547 E +.4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n)-3.546 E F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.546 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\ e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ ter)144 288 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 306 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 (symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .704(If the)108 322.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -334.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +F0(.)A .705(If the)108 322.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +334.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 346.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 370.8 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 @@ -2699,59 +2701,59 @@ F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 466.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) .833 E F0(Matches an)180 478.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) -.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 495.6 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 507.6 R 1.112 +Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 507.6 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 519.6 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 519.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 536.4 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 548.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617 (by the shell.)108 560.4 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\ -d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 -(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 572.4 R(follo)3.275 E +d close \214les for the current shell e)5.617 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .616 +(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 572.4 R(follo)3.274 E .774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 -(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E +(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E (may follo)108 584.4 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) --2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -601.2 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 +-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +601.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 (ion operator is)108 613.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 625.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 642 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 642 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 (jected to brace e)108 654 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 (sion, quote remo)108 666 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843 (xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F -.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.344 E F0 +.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0 (reports an error)108 678 Q(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 694.8 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 711.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A (directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 728.4 Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2) -72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(ls 2)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 -(dirlist)2.5 E .388(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 100.8 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.888 E F0 2.888(,b).68 G .387 -(ecause the standard error w)-2.888 F .387 +(dirlist)2.5 E .387(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 100.8 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.887 E F0 2.887(,b).68 G .388 +(ecause the standard error w)-2.887 F .388 (as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F(before the standard output w)108 112.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 -129.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598 -(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .599 +129.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 +(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .598 (re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E (table:)108 141.6 Q F1(/de)144 158.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 170.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5 @@ -2761,22 +2763,22 @@ R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.888 E F0 2.888(,b).68 G .387 (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 218.4 Q F1(/de)144 230.4 Q (v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 242.4 Q F1(/de) 144 254.4 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 266.4 Q -F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 278.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) -.1 E F1(/de)144 290.4 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) -180 302.4 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +180 302.4 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 314.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) -.1 E 2.5(Af)108 331.2 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E -(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 348 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ +hould be used with care, as the)108 348 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -2787,50 +2789,50 @@ hould be used with care, as the)108 348 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 451.2 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 463.2 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 475.2 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +108 463.2 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 475.2 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F -.15(ex)108 487.2 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 504 Q([)144 520.8 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 537.6 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 549.6 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 561.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 537.6 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 549.6 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 561.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -590.4 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +590.4 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 (Redirection of output in this f)108 602.4 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 614.4 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 614.4 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 626.4 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 643.2 Q([)144 660 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 681.6 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E(Bash)108 693.6 -Q F0(allo)3.141 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor \ +Q F0(allo)3.142 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor \ 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descriptor 2\) to)-.25 F (be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 705.6 Q (xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(with this construct.)3.27 E(There are tw)108 722.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2843,29 +2845,29 @@ E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 158.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs\ the shell to read input from the current source until a line containin\ -g only)108 170.4 R F2(wor)108.34 182.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .683 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.953 F .684 +g only)108 170.4 R F2(wor)108.34 182.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .684 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.954 F .684 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard) 5.684 F(input for a command.)108 194.4 Q (The format of here-documents is:)108 211.2 Q F1(<<)144 228 Q F0([)A F1 A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 240 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 252 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 268.8 R .127 +(delimiter)144 252 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 268.8 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -280.8 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 +280.8 Q F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G +1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 -(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) --3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 +(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n) +-3.274 E F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904 (the lines in the here-document are not e)108 292.8 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 +-.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695 (subjected to parameter e)108 304.8 R .695 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 -(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194 +(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F (character sequence)108 316.8 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) 2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) -2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(`)2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(`)2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 333.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 345.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -2877,47 +2879,47 @@ F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 E F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)87 424.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 470.4 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -482.4 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 494.4 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 506.4 Q +482.4 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 494.4 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 506.4 Q (The operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 +-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 568.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 580.8 R 2.597 -(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096 +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 568.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 580.8 R 2.596 +(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096 (is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) 2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F (put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 592.8 Q (viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 609.6 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 621.6 Q([)144 638.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 667.2 Q F2(digit)5 +A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G +.536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 667.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 684 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 717.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2(digit) -2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o) -.24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2(digit) +2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o) +.24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2932,36 +2934,36 @@ F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 129.6 R 1.349 108 141.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 158.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 170.4 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 158.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 170.4 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 182.4 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 206.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1(`)2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 218.4 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 230.4 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 254.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 266.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 278.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 182.4 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 206.4 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1(`)2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 218.4 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 230.4 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 254.4 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 266.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 278.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 295.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -2976,134 +2978,134 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 295.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -369.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +369.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 (one complete line of input before e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 393.6 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 393.6 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 (another command does not tak)108 405.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 417.6 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495 (because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 441.6 -R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +R .494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084 (tion are not a)108 453.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F --.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F +-.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F (rate line, and do not use)108 465.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 482.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 499.2 Q F0 3.467(As)108 511.2 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 499.2 Q F0 3.468(As)108 511.2 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 523.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 523.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 535.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 547.2 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 547.2 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 571.2 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F -1.017(ment of the)108 583.2 R F4(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) -3.267 G 1.017 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 571.2 +R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533 +(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F +1.018(ment of the)108 583.2 R F4(FUNCN)3.518 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) +3.268 G 1.017 (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.517(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 (other aspects of the shell e)108 595.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 (cution en).15 F 1.285 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4 -F -.15(ex)108 607.2 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.529 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 -(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 619.2 S(IL).09 -E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +F -.15(ex)108 607.2 S 2.03(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.53 E(UG)-.09 +E F0(and)4.28 E F1(RETURN)4.53 E F0 2.029 +(traps \(see the description of the)4.53 F F1(trap)4.529 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.529 G 2.029(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.529 E -.09(BU)108 619.2 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 631.2 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 631.2 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) 108 643.2 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB) 2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) -108 660 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) -1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F -(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) +108 660 S .655(riables local to the function may be declared with the) +1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F +(Ordinarily)5.656 E 3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v) 108 672 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.) --.55 E .043(If the b)108 688.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.55 E .044(If the b)108 688.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 700.8 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 700.8 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 712.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 712.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 724.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E -(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(24) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.359(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 +-.35 E 1.358(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F -F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. 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The)-.4 F F3(export)5.288 E F0(and)5.288 E F3(declar) -5.289 E 5.289<65ad>-.18 G(x)-5.289 E F0 2.789(commands allo)5.289 F(w) --.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(28)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +5.288 E 5.288<65ad>-.18 G(x)-5.288 E F0 2.788(commands allo)5.288 F(w) +-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .647 +-.35 E .646 (parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 84 -R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .646(the v)3.146 F .646 -(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .513(the en)108 96 R .513 +R 3.147(vironment. 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See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 -(SIGN)72 403.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 415.2 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 -(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G -.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) -3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 427.2 Q .758 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +(SIGN)72 403.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 415.2 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 427.2 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F F1(bash)108 439.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 (If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 456 Q 1.064 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 468 -R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 456 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 468 +R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 480 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 492 Q F3 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 508.8 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 508.8 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 520.8 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 532.8 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 544.8 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 520.8 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 532.8 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 544.8 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (SIGHUP)108 556.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 573.6 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -585.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 602.4 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +585.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 602.4 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 (via the)108 626.4 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F (return immediately with an e)108 638.4 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F5(JOB CONTR)72 655.2 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 667.2 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 679.2 Q -F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 +(Jo)108 667.2 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 +(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 +(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 679.2 Q +F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) -.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 691.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G (erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 708 R F2(job)5.025 E F0 .785 -(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 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When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F2(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3633,139 +3634,139 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(that looks lik)108 84 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 100.8 Q .241(indi\ cating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the las\ -t process in the pipeline associated)108 117.6 R .732 -(with this job is 25647.)108 129.6 R .733 +t process in the pipeline associated)108 117.6 R .733 +(with this job is 25647.)108 129.6 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the) 108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0 -(abstraction as the basis 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1.097(There are a number of w)108 360 R 1.097 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F 1.097(The character)6.097 F -F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.097(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.097 E(number) +F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.098(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.098 E(number) 108 372 Q F2(n)3.13 E F0 .27(may be referred to as)3.01 F F1(%n)2.77 E F0 5.27(.A)C .27 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the name used to start) -2.5 F .277(it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) 108 384 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)-2.927 E F1(%ce)2.777 E -F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.777 E 5.277 -(.I)-.4 G 2.777(fa)-5.277 G .38(pre\214x matches more than one job,)108 +F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.778 E 5.278 +(.I)-.4 G 2.778(fa)-5.278 G .38(pre\214x matches more than one job,)108 396 R F1(bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G(sing) -5.38 E F1(%?ce)2.88 E F0 2.88(,o)C 2.88(nt)-2.88 G .38 -(he other hand, refers to an)-2.88 F 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)-2.88 E .623 -(containing the string)108 408 R F1(ce)3.123 E F0 .622 -(in its command line.)3.123 F .622 -(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.122 E F0 -.622(reports an)3.122 F(error)108 420 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143(he symbols) +(he other hand, refers to an)-2.88 F 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)-2.88 E .622 +(containing the string)108 408 R F1(ce)3.122 E F0 .622 +(in its command line.)3.122 F .622 +(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.123 E F0 +.623(reports an)3.123 F(error)108 420 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143(he symbols) -5.143 F F1(%%)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(%+)2.643 E F0 .143 (refer to the shell')2.643 F 2.643(sn)-.55 G .143(otion of the)-2.643 F F2(curr)2.643 E .143(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.643(,w).23 G .143 -(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.209(while it w)108 432 R 1.209 +(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.208(while it w)108 432 R 1.208 (as in the fore)-.1 F 1.208(ground or started in the 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job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 484.8 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -496.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +496.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F (equi)108 508.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 525.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 537.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 549.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G -1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 -(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 -(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 -(exe)108 561.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 -(If an attempt to e)108 578.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 -(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft) --2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 590.4 R F1 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -602.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 614.4 R .604 +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 525.6 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 537.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 549.6 Q F1(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G +1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 +(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 +(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15 +(exe)108 561.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 578.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft) +-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 590.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +602.4 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 614.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 626.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 643.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 -655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 -(and the secondary prompt)108 667.2 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E -F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 643.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 +655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 +(and the secondary prompt)108 667.2 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F1(Bash)6.825 E +F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ are)108 679.2 R(decoded as follo)108 691.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 703.2 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 715.2 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E -(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(30) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\D{)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 96 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426 -(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 96 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427 +(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 108 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -3801,77 +3802,77 @@ F1(\\\\)144 372 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 384 Q F0 (be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) 180 396 Q F1(\\])144 408 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 424.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +29.89 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) +108 424.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(position in the history list, which may 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F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 501.6 Q F0 .151 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 501.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 513.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .066(is gi)108 525.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.566(na).15 G 2.566(ts)-2.566 G .066(hell in)-2.566 F -.2 +108 513.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .067(is gi)108 525.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.567(na).15 G 2.566(ts)-2.567 G .066(hell in)-2.566 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 2.566(cation. By).2 F(def)2.566 E .066 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -2.567(Av)5.067 G(i-style)-2.567 E .566(line editing interf)108 537.6 R -.566(ace is also a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.065(ilable. T).25 F 3.065(ot) +2.566(Av)5.066 G(i-style)-2.566 E .565(line editing interf)108 537.6 R +.565(ace is also a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.065(ilable. T).25 F 3.065(ot) -.8 G .565(urn of)-3.065 F 3.065(fl)-.25 G .565 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.065 F F1 .565 -(+o emacs)3.065 F F0(or)108 549.6 Q F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.065 F F1 .566 +(+o emacs)3.066 F F0(or)108 549.6 Q F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL) -.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q F0 .567 +(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q F0 .568 (In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 578.4 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.068 G .568 -(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153 -(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E -F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F -F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 614.4 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.067 G .567 +(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152 +(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E +F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F +F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 614.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 696 R F2 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 696 R F2 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 720 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3880,23 +3881,23 @@ BP -.35 E(ring.)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 100.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initia\ lization \214le \(the)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E -(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). 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If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def) -.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 -G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library sta\ -rts up, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 136.8 R 1.335 --.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S 1.15 -(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G -1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library sta\ +rts up, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 136.8 R 1.334 +-.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S 1.149 +(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 +G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 (lines are ignored.)108 160.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 189.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 189.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 201.6 Q @@ -3906,11 +3907,11 @@ G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 247.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 271.2 Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) 108 288 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) -3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 -E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E +3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 +E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 316.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 @@ -3921,47 +3922,47 @@ F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 357.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 369.6 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 369.6 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 (\214ed in one of tw)108 381.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 --.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 +-.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) +(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) .15 F 2.5(English. F)108 422.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E (Control-u: uni)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 458.4 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .698(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15 +(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .699(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 499.2 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 511.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.555 E -(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.556 E +(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 540 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 +(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 564 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 600 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -3969,8 +3970,8 @@ G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 <5c43ad>144 669.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 681.6 Q F0 (meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 693.6 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 705.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\")144 717.6 Q F0 -(literal ")27.67 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(32) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(literal ")27.67 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(32) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3989,140 +3990,140 @@ E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F -(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E -.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 +F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 +E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 331.2 +(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 376.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F (alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 (\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .448(nized v)108 388.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +5.79 E .449(nized v)108 388.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 (ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 +(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 (ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 412.8 S(lues are:) -.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 429.6 Q F0 .01 +.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 429.6 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 441.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 453.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. 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If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 465.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 477.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 489.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 501.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 513.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 525.6 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 537.6 Q F1 +-.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 525.6 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 537.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 549.6 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 561.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 573.6 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 585.6 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 597.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. 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It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 609.6 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 621.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 633.6 Q F1(con)108 -645.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 657.6 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +645.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 657.6 +R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 669.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +144 669.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 681.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) 108 693.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 705.6 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 717.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .253 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .252 (Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(emacs)2.752 E F0(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.252 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 120 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +SF(emacs)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.253 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 120 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 (When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 144 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) -.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 192 R F1(on)3.993 E F0 -3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ -cation on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.492(If set to)144 192 R F1(on)3.992 E F0 +3.992(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ +cation on each history line)-3.992 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(horizontal\255scr)108 216 Q -(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)2.948 E -F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)2.949 E +F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 240 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 252 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 264 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ +Q F0 .228(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 288 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 288 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F +.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F (synon)144 300 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 312 Q 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The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +108 360 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +372 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 384 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 396 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 396 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 408 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 408 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 420 Q (ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -4135,69 +4136,69 @@ E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 420 Q (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 492 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .192(This v)144 516 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E 1.024 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .193(This v)144 516 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E 1.023 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) -144 528 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 +144 528 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.024 (upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 540 -Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 564 R F1(On) -3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 576 Q +Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 564 R F1(On) +3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 576 Q (ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 588 Q F0 -.809(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 +.808(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 (eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) -3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 612 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 F(order)144 648 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1(sho)108 660 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .478 -(This alters the def)144 672 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) -2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +E F1(sho)108 660 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .477 +(This alters the def)144 672 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on) +2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 684 R(bell.)144 696 Q -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q -(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 96 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C -4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 -(ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 120 R 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+(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 168 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 208.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 208.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E -F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E +F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 (or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F (are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F1(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The) -12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 (mode. 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The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 367.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 @@ -4220,12 +4221,12 @@ Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 408 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 420 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +420 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q (vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 468 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 (#Q)180 480 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E ("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 492 Q F1($endif)180 504 Q($endif)108 @@ -4233,74 +4234,75 @@ Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) 108 537.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 566.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 566.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 578.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 602.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 619.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .834 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 672 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 684 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) 108 696 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 708 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(35)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +F .097(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) +5.096 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(35)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(terminated, the history entry containing the search string becom\ -es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ +es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ her matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R a\ -s appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 112.8 -R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 124.8 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +s appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 112.8 +R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 124.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 -E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) -108 148.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) -108 165.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) +-.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) +3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F +(history list.)108 148.8 Q .653 +(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 165.6 R .653 +(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 +F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 194.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ rent line.)108 206.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 -223.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 +223.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 288 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E @@ -4312,8 +4314,8 @@ E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) .15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.25(fo)108 396 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 408 -Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 420 Q F2(backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) -.1 E F0(Mo)144 444 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 @@ -4326,10 +4328,10 @@ Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F (current line without clearing the screen.)144 492 Q F2 -.18(re)108 504 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 516 Q F2(Commands f)87 532.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 544.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 556.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 544.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 556.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 (according to the state of the)144 568.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -4345,94 +4347,95 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F2 .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F2 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 688.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 700.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +1.47(Search backw)144 700.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255sear).25 E -(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131(Search forw)144 96 R 1.131 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F -1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E +(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132(Search forw)144 96 R 1.132 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F +1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q (emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\ +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 144 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E (.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 156 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 168 R +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 168 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 180 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\ +192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 216 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 228 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through t\ -he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 264 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 -.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 276 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 264 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 276 +R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 288 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 288 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 300 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 300 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 312 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 312 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 324 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 336 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 348 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 360 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 -(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E -F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E -1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 348 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 360 S .736(th an ar).4 F .736 +(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.036 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .736(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E +F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.735(.S)C(uccessi)-5.735 E +1.035 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .735(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.235 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.235 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 (back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 372 R .728 -(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) +(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .729(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) -.15 E .14(sion f)144 384 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 (xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F .14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 396 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 408 Q F0 .623 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 408 Q F0 .622 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 420 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 432 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 444 Q F0 .938 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 444 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 456 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 468 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 480 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 492 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 468 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 480 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 492 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 504 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 516 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 528 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 540 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 516 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 528 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 540 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 552 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 564 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 576 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 588 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 600 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 600 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F (history for editing.)144 624 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 636 Q F0(In)144 @@ -4443,85 +4446,84 @@ F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G (hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 676.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E -(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 688.8 Q F0 .358 +(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 688.8 Q F0 .357 (Delete the character at point.)144 700.8 R .358(If point is at the be) 5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F (line, and the last character typed w)144 712.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) -A F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP +A F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 -84 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W) +84 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W) -.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 120 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 120 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) 108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 240 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 +108 240 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264 -R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 276 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -300 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +300 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 456 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -480 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 492 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 520.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 456 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 480 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 492 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +520.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8 @@ -4529,30 +4531,30 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 700.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 700.8 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 84 Q F0 -.166(Kill the w)144 96 R .166 +.167(Kill the w)144 96 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 108 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 108 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 120 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 132 Q F1(kill\255r)108 144 @@ -4560,15 +4562,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 156 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 168 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 180 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 204 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 216 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 228 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 240 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 204 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 216 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 228 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 240 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 264 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 276 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 288 Q F0 @@ -4576,26 +4578,26 @@ E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 288 Q F0 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 316.8 Q (guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 328.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641 (Add this digit to the ar)144 340.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) +(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) -.15 E(ati)144 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 364.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 +(uni)108 364.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 (This is another w)144 376.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 388.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 400.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 412.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 412.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 (neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 424.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 436.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 436.8 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F .378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 448.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) @@ -4603,12 +4605,12 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 316.8 Q (Completing)87 465.6 Q(complete \(T)108 477.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 489.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 501.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 513.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 501.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 513.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 525.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 537.6 Q F0 @@ -4616,19 +4618,19 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 316.8 Q -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 561.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 573.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -585.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 597.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -609.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +585.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 597.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +609.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 621.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 621.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 633.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 645.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 657.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -4637,11 +4639,11 @@ E(through the list.)144 669.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) (ault.)-.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 681.6 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 693.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 717.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4669,10 +4671,10 @@ F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 252 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -4680,9 +4682,9 @@ F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 324 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 360 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 372 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 384 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -4698,21 +4700,21 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 436.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 484.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 496.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 508.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 525.6 Q -.18(re)108 537.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +E F0(Re-e)144 496.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 508.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(Miscellaneous)87 525.6 Q -.18(re)108 537.6 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 (Read in the contents of the)144 549.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 561.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 573.6 Q F0 3.249 +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 561.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 573.6 Q F0 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 585.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 597.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 609.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 621.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 621.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F (uppercase character)144 633.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 645.6 Q (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 657.6 Q @@ -4725,7 +4727,7 @@ C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 621.6 R F2(x) F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (return the line to its initial state.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4737,49 +4739,49 @@ BP (Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 -144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 240 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 252 S .481 -(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 +(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 240 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 252 S .48 +(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 (alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 264 Q .097 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 276 R .321 +2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 264 Q .098 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E +.321(the characters at the be)144 276 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F 1.013(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 288 R F1 -(comment-begin)3.514 E F0 1.014(are deleted from the be)3.514 F 1.014 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F 1.014(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 288 R F1 +(comment-begin)3.514 E F0 1.014(are deleted from the be)3.514 F 1.013 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 300 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 312 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 312 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 324 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 336 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 348 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 348 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 360 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 372 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 384 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 384 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 396 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 @@ -4791,47 +4793,47 @@ ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 372 Q .872(the line is redra)144 444 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 456 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 468 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 480 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 456 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 468 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 480 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 492 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 504 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 516 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 528 R .304 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 516 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 528 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 540 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 552 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 564 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 576 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 552 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 564 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 576 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 588 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 600 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 612 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 628.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 628.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 640.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 652.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 652.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 664.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .334 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 681.6 R .333 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 681.6 R .334 (If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is) -5.334 F .587 +5.333 F .587 (used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 693.6 R -3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .587 -(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.181 +3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586 +(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18 (compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 705.6 R -1.18(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F +1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F (attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 717.6 Q -(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26) -135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12) +140.96 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4841,2684 +4843,2707 @@ BP list of matching w)108 84 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 96 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 112.8 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 124.8 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 124.8 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 136.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 153.6 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G .085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F12.585 E F0 .085 (option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G -(rds).1 E .843(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 165.6 R -.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.344 E F0 -.844(shell v)3.094 F .844(ariable is)-.25 F +(rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 165.6 R +.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0 +.843(shell v)3.093 F .843(ariable is)-.25 F (not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 177.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 194.4 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -206.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 206.4 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 218.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 218.4 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 230.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -242.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +242.4 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 254.4 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 271.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 283.2 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 271.2 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 283.2 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 295.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -307.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 295.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +307.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 (the function or command is in)108 319.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) --.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 +-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 331.2 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 343.2 R .607 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 355.2 Q .094 +.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 343.2 R .607 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 355.2 Q .093 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -367.2 Q(An)108 384 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +367.2 Q(An)108 384 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 396 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) -.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 396 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) +.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 408 -Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .08(xt, an) --.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 -2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 -G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 +Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .081 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F +F12.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 +(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 (stitution. It)108 436.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ - per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) + per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) 5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 448.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 465.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 477.6 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 489.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 465.6 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 477.6 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 489.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 501.6 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 513.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 501.6 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 513.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 530.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H -.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 530.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H +.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .247(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247 +possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .246(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 616.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 616.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 729.6 + to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 729.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F -F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .031 +.371(When the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F +F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .032 (the list of commands pre)108 108 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 (The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) -2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) -108 120 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F -.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 -(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -132 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 144 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 +(mands to sa)108 120 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43 +(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E +.287(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v) +108 132 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 +E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 144 S +4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 156 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 156 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 184.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .952 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 196.8 R .953(alue of)-.25 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.453 E F5(.)A F0 .953(When an interacti)5.453 F 1.253 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .953(hell e).15 F .953(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 -($HISTSIZE)3.453 E F0(lines)3.203 E .65 -(are copied from the history list to)108 208.8 R F4($HISTFILE)3.15 E F5 -(.)A F0 .65(If the)5.15 F F2(histappend)3.15 E F0 .649 -(shell option is enabled \(see the descrip-)3.15 F .141(tion of)108 -220.8 R F2(shopt)2.641 E F0(under)2.641 E F4 .141(SHELL B)2.641 F(UIL) --.09 E .141(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.391 E .141 -(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, other)-.25 F(-)-.2 E -.573(wise the history \214le is o)108 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.073 -(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)3.073 E F0 .573 -(is unset, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is)2.823 -F 1.141(not sa)108 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.641(d. After).15 F(sa)3.641 E -1.141(ving the history)-.2 F 3.641(,t)-.65 G 1.142 -(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-3.641 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.642 E F0 2.5(lines. If)108 256.8 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)2.5 E -F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b)108 273.6 -R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F4 1.293 -(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.543 E -1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe)108 285.6 -S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F2(history) -3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 196.8 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F5(.)A F0 .532 +(When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 +(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 +208.8 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 220.8 R .053 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F +.052(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) +108 232.8 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 +($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) +4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 244.8 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F2 +(histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F2(shopt)2.556 +E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E +(COMMANDS)108 256.8 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 268.8 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ +et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.364 +F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.613 G 1.113 +(riable is set, time).225 F 1.251 +(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 280.8 R(ed)-.09 E F0 +1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.752(,s)-.4 G 3.752 +(ot)-3.752 G(he)-3.752 E 3.752(ym)-.15 G 1.252(ay be preserv)-3.752 F +(ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 292.8 R .105(This uses the h\ +istory comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history) +5.105 F 2.604(lines. After)108 304.8 R(sa)2.604 E .104(ving the history) +-.2 F 2.604(,t)-.65 G .104 +(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F4 +(HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 +316.8 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b) +108 333.6 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F4 +1.293(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.543 E 1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) +108 345.6 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E +F2(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 297.6 R .279 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 357.6 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 309.6 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 326.4 +-.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 369.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 386.4 R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 338.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 398.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G .458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2 -(cmdhist)108 350.4 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 410.4 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 362.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 422.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 374.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 434.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 386.4 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(description of the)108 446.4 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -398.4 Q F1(HIST)72 415.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 427.2 R .611 +458.4 Q F1(HIST)72 475.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 487.2 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 (xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 439.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 499.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -2.013(can be disabled using the)108 451.2 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 511.2 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 (iltin command \(see).2 F F4 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 463.2 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 523.2 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 480 R 1.306 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 540 R 1.306 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 492 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 552 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 504 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -520.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 564 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +580.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 592.8 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 544.8 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 604.8 R 1.868(second is to select por\ tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 -(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 556.8 R F3 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 616.8 R F3 -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F3(wor) -3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F3(modi\214er)108 568.8 +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F3(modi\214er)108 628.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 (line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 580.8 R -.15 +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 640.8 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 (-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 -(one w)108 592.8 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(one w)108 652.8 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 604.8 Q +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 664.8 Q F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 633.6 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 645.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 662.4 Q -.15 +F0(will also inhibit e)108 705.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 722.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.259(If the)108 674.4 R F2 -(histv)3.759 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.759 F F2(shopt) -3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.758 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.258(is being)3.758 F 1.497(used, history substitutio\ -ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 686.4 R 6.498(.I) --.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 -(reloaded into the)108 698.4 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 -(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F -(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 -(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 710.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 722.4 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The) -5.055 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.555 E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F -F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +-.35 E 1.259(If the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)3.759 E(erify) +-.1 E F0 1.259(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the) +3.759 F F1(shopt)3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F1 +-.18(re)3.758 G(adline).18 E F0 1.258(is being)3.758 F 1.497(used, hist\ +ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 96 +R 6.498(.I)-.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is) +-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 108 R F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E +F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G +(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 120 Q +(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 132 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F13.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 144 S +.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F12.555 E +F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 112.8 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 172.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F(description of)108 124.8 -Q F1(histchars)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(\).)A F1(Ev)87 141.6 Q -(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 153.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt designator\ - is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.).15 E F1(!) -108 170.4 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.607 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 182.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 194.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 206.4 Q +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +184.8 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1 +(Ev)87 213.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ +st.).15 E F1(!)108 242.4 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e) +32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank) +4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607 +(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 254.4 Q F1(extglob) +2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 266.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)27.67 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(.).24 E F1(!!)108 218.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) --.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q F2 +(.).24 E F1(!!)108 290.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) +-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 302.4 Q F2 (string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 242.4 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.022 -(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 254.4 R F2(string)3.522 +(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 314.4 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.022 +(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 326.4 R F2(string)3.522 E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F1(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F2(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 -266.4 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 283.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 -2.629(Quick substitution.)144 290.4 R 2.629 +(may be omitted if)3.522 F F2(string)3.862 E F0(is)3.742 E(follo)144 +338.4 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 +SF(^)108 355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 +2.63(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R 2.629 (Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F2(string1)5.469 E F0(with) 5.129 E F2(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 302.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A +2.629(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 314.4 Q F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 386.4 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 331.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 343.2 S 1.314 +(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 355.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 367.2 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 379.2 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 396 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 408 Q 2.5 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q 2.5 (ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 -(n)108.36 420 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 -432 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E -(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 444 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 -456 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A -F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 468 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G +(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 +504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E +(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 +528 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A +F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 540 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G (ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E -(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 480 Q F0 .315 -(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 +(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 552 Q F0 .316 +(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 (This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 492 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 564 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -504 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 516 +576 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 588 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 (x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 -532.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +604.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 549.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 561.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 573.6 Q F1(h) -108 590.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 621.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 633.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 645.6 Q F1(h) +108 662.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 602.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(t)108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 614.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 626.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 638.4 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 710.4 Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 650.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) --.1 E F1(x)108 662.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 -E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) -2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 674.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 686.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 -(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 -698.4 R .617 -(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 710.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 -(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 -(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G 1.595(single backslash will quote the &.)144 722.4 R -(If)6.595 E F2(old)4.325 E F0 1.594(is null, it is set to the last)4.865 -F F2(old)4.324 E F0 1.594(substituted, or)4.864 F 4.094(,i)-.4 G 4.094 -(fn)-4.094 G(o)-4.094 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E -(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12) +140.96 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(pre)144 84 Q(vious history substitutions took place, the last) --.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0(search.)5 E F2(&)108 -96 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 108 Q -F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G -.398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .398 -(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 120 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F2(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `) -3.719 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 132 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F2(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 144 Q F0(.)A -F2(G)108 156 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)30.44 +E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 96 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E +(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 120 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 +.221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 +132 R .617 +(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 144 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 +(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 156 R(If) +5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) +-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 168 Q F2(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) +108 180 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108 +192 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898 +(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F +.397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C +(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 204 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) +3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 216 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 228 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 240 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 172.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 184.8 +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 256.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 268.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F2108 196.8 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F23.8 E F0 1.3 +receded by)-.2 F F1108 280.8 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F13.8 E F0 1.3 (to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3 -(xample, the)-3.95 F F2(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F2(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.8 -E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F2(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not) -.2 F(accept options.)108 208.8 Q F2(:)108 226.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 238.8 R .452 +(xample, the)-3.95 F F1(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.8 +E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F1(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not) +.2 F(accept options.)108 292.8 Q F1(:)108 310.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 322.8 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 250.8 R -(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F2(.)110.5 267.6 Q F1 -(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 -279.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E -F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 291.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 -(cute commands from).15 F F1(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 334.8 R +(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 351.6 Q F2 +(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 +363.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E +F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 375.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 +(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 (in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F -(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 303.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.68(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F1 +(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 387.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2 (\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608 -(names in)144 315.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 +(names in)144 399.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 327.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 339.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -351.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 -(\214lename)144 363.6 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 375.6 R .716 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 411.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 423.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +435.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 447.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 +(status of the last command e)144 459.6 R .716 (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename)145.91 387.6 -Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 404.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].) -C(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 416.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E -F1(name)144 428.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 471.6 +Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].) +C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 440.4 Q F1(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F1(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 452.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 464.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 476.4 Q F2(bg)108 493.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -505.2 R F1(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F1(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 517.2 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.672 E F1(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 529.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F1(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 541.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 558 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 570 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 582 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 594 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 606 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 618 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 630 R F2 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 642 R F2 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F1 -(.inputr)144 654 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 666 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 678 -Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 690 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 -E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F1 -.1(ke) -180 702 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F1 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 -(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 714 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F1(vi\255insert)4.429 E -F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 -(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F1(emacs\255standar) -180 726 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 -E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(stitution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F1(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +589.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 666 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 702 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 714 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 726 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(List the names of all) -27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(functions.)2.5 E F1144 96 -Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 +G .484(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 +F .483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 96 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 +120 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 +F(Acceptable)7.659 E F1 -.1(ke)180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are) +5.883 F F1 3.193(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E +(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F1(vi\255insert)4.429 +E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 +(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F1(emacs\255standar) +180 156 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 168 Q F0(List the names of all) +27.52 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(functions.)2.5 E F2144 +180 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc) --.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0(List current)24.19 E -F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1 -144 120 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 +-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q F0(List current)24.19 E +F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2 +144 204 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155 (equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G -1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 132 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5 -E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Display)24.74 -E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G +1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5 +E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 228 Q F0(Display)24.74 +E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G (equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 240 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 252 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F2 -.18 (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E(alues.) --.25 E F1144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 -(Read k)180 192 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename) -2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 204 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k) -180 216 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 -H(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 228 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F2 --.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 264 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15 -(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A -F1144 276 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command) -A F0(Cause)180 288 Q F2(shell\255command)2.5 E F0(to be e)2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted whene).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 -E F0(is entered.)2.5 E(The return v)144 304.8 Q +-.25 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q .3 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 +288 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F1 +(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 312 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 +(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 +360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) +180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)2.5 E F0(to be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted whene).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(is entered.)2.5 E(The return v)144 388.8 Q (alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E F1(br)108 -321.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 -333.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1 -(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555 -(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2 -(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054 -(must be)2.794 F/F3 10/Symbol SF2.554 E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 345.6 Q -F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all\ - enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715(xited. 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The)-.15 F .214(return v) +2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless the shell is not e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F2(br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 -.2(bu)108 458.4 S(iltin).2 E F1 +(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A +(Ex)144 470.4 Q .792(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792 +(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G +.793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793 +(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -398.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -410.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +482.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +494.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 422.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(cd)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 451.2 -R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir) +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 506.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(cd)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 535.2 +R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir) 2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .777 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 463.2 R F2 -(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.776(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 475.2 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 547.2 R F1 +(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.777(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 559.2 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 (ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 487.2 Q 2.974 -(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.474(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.474 E F2(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 +F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 571.2 Q 2.973 +(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) +.74 G(f)-5.473 E F1(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F12.973 E F0 .473 -(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 499.2 R .579 +.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F22.974 E F0 .474 +(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 583.2 R .58 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F13.08 E F0 .58 -(option to the)3.08 F F1(set)144 511.2 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.384 G .884 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F13.384 E F0 .884 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F23.079 E F0 .579 +(option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 595.2 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F23.383 E F0 .884 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.383 E .883(gument of)-.18 F F13.383 E F0(is)3.383 E(equi)144 -523.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .062(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.562 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .062(If a non-empty directory name from)4.562 F -F1(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .063(is used, or if)2.562 F F1 -2.563 E F0 .063(is the \214rst)2.563 F(ar)144 535.2 Q .116(gument, \ +(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F23.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 +607.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .063(If a non-empty directory name from)4.563 F +F2(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .062(is used, or if)2.562 F F2 +2.562 E F0 .062(is the \214rst)2.562 F(ar)144 619.2 Q .116(gument, \ and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne) --.18 F 2.615(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F 1.164 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 547.2 R 1.164(The return v) -6.164 F 1.165(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.165 -(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 559.2 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(caller)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .254 -(Returns the conte)144 588 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti) +-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 631.2 R 1.164(The return v) +6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 +(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 643.2 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 +(caller)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .253 +(Returns the conte)144 672 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti) -2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 600 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 684 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.063 G 3.063(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 612 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F -F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 696 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F +F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 624 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 636 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 648 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 660 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(command)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Run)144 688.8 Q F2(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar) -3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 700.8 R F4 --.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E F0(is) -3.772 E .232(performed using a def)144 712.8 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231 -(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If) -5.231 E .174(either the)144 724.8 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26) -135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +ent e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e)144 +720 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.11(as)144 84 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61 -(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)3.41 E F0 .61 -(to be displayed; the)3.88 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q F0 .249 -(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249(erbose description.)-.15 F .249 -(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or)2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25 -(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if) -144 108 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005 -(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +-.35 E 3.02(0. The)144 84 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.019 +G(pr).2 E F0 .519(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 96 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command) +108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E +F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 124.8 Q F1(command)2.956 E F0 +(with)3.527 E F1(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 136.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502 +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1 +(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .231(performed using a def)144 148.8 R +.231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 +.231(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F +(If)5.232 E .175(either the)144 160.8 R F22.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F22.674 E +F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 172.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F +F2144 184.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 196.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 120 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 132 S +(command)144.2 208.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 220.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 160.8 R +(compgen)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 249.6 R F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 172.8 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 261.6 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 184.8 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 273.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F F23.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F23.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 196.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +F(grammable completion f)144 285.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 220.8 R .352 +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 309.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -232.8 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 244.8 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 268.8 Q +321.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 333.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 357.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 285.6 Q F0([)3.265 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.265(][)C +(complete)108 374.4 Q F0([)3.265 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(comp-option)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(action)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(globpat)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(wor)3.265 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.265(][)C F2 -3.265 E F1(function)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1 -(command)108 297.6 Q F0(])A([)144 309.6 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E +(command)108 386.4 Q F0(])A([)144 398.4 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 333.6 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 -G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633 -(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 -.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) -144 345.6 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 357.6 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 +(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 422.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 +G .634(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634 +(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) +144 434.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 446.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 369.6 Q 1.438 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 458.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -393.6 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -405.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 429.6 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +482.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 518.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F23.056 E F0(,)A F23.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F23.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 441.6 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F23.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F23.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 453.6 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 465.6 Q -F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 477.6 Q F1(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(guments to the)-.18 F F23.055 E F0(,)A F23.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F23.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 530.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F23.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 542.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 554.4 Q +F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 566.4 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 489.6 Q F1 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 501.6 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 513.6 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 578.4 Q F1 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 590.4 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 602.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -525.6 Q F2(default)184 537.6 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 -G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +614.4 Q F2(default)184 626.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 +G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 549.6 Q F2(dir)184 561.6 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 573.6 Q F2 -(\214lenames)184 585.6 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 597.6 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 609.6 R +224 638.4 Q F2(dir)184 650.4 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 662.4 Q F2 +(\214lenames)184 674.4 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 686.4 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 698.4 R 2.996(ea)-.1 G .496(dding a slash to directory names or suppress-)-2.996 -F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 621.6 Q -(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E F2(nospace)184 633.6 Q F0 --.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 -(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -645.6 Q F2(plusdirs)184 657.6 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G -1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name) --4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 669.6 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G -.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -681.6 Q F2144 693.6 Q F1(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 705.6 Q F1 -(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184 -717.6 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2 -2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(47)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP +F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 710.4 Q +(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(arrayv)184 84 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 96 -Q(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 108 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 -G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 120 S(iltin).2 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nospace)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 +(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F +.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 96 Q F1(plusdirs) +184 108 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 120 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 132 +Q F1144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 156 +Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +168 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 180 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 192 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 204 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 216 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 132 -Q F0(Command names.)224 144 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 156 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 168 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 180 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 192 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -204 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -216 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 228 +Q F0(Command names.)224 240 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 252 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 264 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 276 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 288 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +300 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +312 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -228 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252 Q F1 -(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E +324 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(function)184 336 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 348 Q F1 +(gr)184 360 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0 +372 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 384 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 396 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 408 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 420 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 444 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384 Q +456 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 468 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 480 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0 -(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0 +(shopt)184 492 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 504 Q F0 +(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 516 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) -.15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S +.15 E F1(user)184 528 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 540 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 456 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 468 R -1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F -1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 480 Q -F1144 492 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 504 Q F3(wor)3.64 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2 -(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 516 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 -(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1144 540 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 552 Q F0 1.056 -(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 552 Q F2 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.411(The \214lename e)184 564 R 1.411 +(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F 1.411 +(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 576 Q F1 +144 588 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(wor)3.639 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3 +(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and) +-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 612 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508 +(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the) +4.508 F(resultant list which match the w)184 624 Q(ord being completed.) +-.1 E F1144 636 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 648 Q F0 1.055 +(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 564 Q F1144 576 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 588 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 612 S(riable.) -.25 E F1144 624 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 636 Q F0 -.733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.233 F 3.233(xpansion. It) --.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 648 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 660 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 672 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 684 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 696 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 -(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 708 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +184 660 Q F1144 672 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181 +(The shell function)184 684 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68 +(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932 +(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3 +(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 708 S(riable.) +.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suf) -2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 96 Q F0 .733 +(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.234 F 3.233(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 144 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 156 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 168 Q F1144 180 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R -.466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 112.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 124.8 Q F0 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 196.8 R +.467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 220.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(continue)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 -153.6 R 1.753(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) +F1(continue)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 +249.6 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) .25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) --4.254 E F1(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 -1.754(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 165.6 R F2(n)3.709 +-4.254 E F1(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 +1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 261.6 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .667 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 177.6 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.167('l)-.74 G .667(oop\) is resumed.)-3.167 F .668 -(The return v)5.668 F .668(alue is 0 unless the)-.25 F(shell is not e) -144 189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0 -(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 206.4 Q(e)-.18 E +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .668 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 273.6 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.168('l)-.74 G .668(oop\) is resumed.)-3.168 F .667 +(The return v)5.667 F .667(alue is 0 unless the)-.25 F(shell is not e) +144 285.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0 +(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 302.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 -218.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265 -(Declare v)144 230.4 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name) -3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G -1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 242.4 -S 3.326(riables. The).25 F F13.326 E F0 .826 -(option will display the attrib)3.326 F .826(utes and v)-.2 F .826 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 5.827(.W).18 G(hen)-5.827 E F1 -3.327 E F0 .827(is used,)3.327 F .22 -(additional options are ignored.)144 254.4 R(The)5.22 E F12.72 E +314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264 +(Declare v)144 326.4 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name) +3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G +1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 338.4 +S 3.327(riables. The).25 F F13.327 E F0 .826 +(option will display the attrib)3.327 F .826(utes and v)-.2 F .826 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 5.826(.W).18 G(hen)-5.826 E F1 +3.326 E F0 .826(is used,)3.326 F .22 +(additional options are ignored.)144 350.4 R(The)5.22 E F12.72 E F0 .22(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the) -2.72 F .466(function name and attrib)144 266.4 R .466(utes are printed.) +2.72 F .466(function name and attrib)144 362.4 R .466(utes are printed.) -.2 F .466(If the)5.466 F F1(extdeb)2.966 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .466 (shell option is enabled using)2.966 F F1(shopt)2.966 E F0 2.966(,t)C (he)-2.966 E 1.308(source \214le name and line number where the functio\ -n is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 278.4 R(The)6.308 E F1 -3.808 E F0 .19(option implies)144 290.4 R F12.69 E F0 5.19(.T)C -.19(he follo)-5.19 F .191 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .191 -(ariables with the speci-)-.25 F(\214ed attrib)144 302.4 Q(ute or to gi) +n is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 374.4 R(The)6.309 E F1 +3.809 E F0 .191(option implies)144 386.4 R F12.691 E F0 5.191(.T)C +.191(he follo)-5.191 F .191 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .19 +(ariables with the speci-)-.25 F(\214ed attrib)144 398.4 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 -314.4 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E +410.4 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E (ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1144 326.4 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -144 338.4 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 +.15 E F1144 422.4 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 +144 434.4 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 350.4 Q F0 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 446.4 Q F0 (is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) --.25 E F1144 362.4 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 -5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 374.4 Q -F1144 386.4 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +-.25 E F1144 458.4 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 +5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 470.4 Q +F1144 482.4 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 398.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 494.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -410.4 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 427.2 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 -(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -1.237(to destro)144 439.2 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 -(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F -(emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib) --.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.236(used in a)3.737 F .311(function, mak) -144 451.2 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 -(local, as with the local)2.811 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) -2.811 G .312(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .312(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 -463.2 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) --.25 F .739(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 -(he return v)-5.738 F .738(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.738(lid option is).25 F .603 -(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 475.2 +506.4 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 523.2 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F 1.236 +(to destro)144 535.2 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237(rray v) +-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F(emo) +-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib)-.18 F +3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.237(used in a)3.737 F .312(function, mak)144 +547.2 R .312(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.812 E F1 .311 +(local, as with the local)2.812 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) +2.811 G .311(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .311(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 +559.2 Q F2(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v) +-.25 F .738(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 +(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.739(lid option is).25 F .603 +(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 571.2 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 487.2 R -1.243(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242 +-3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 583.2 R +1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 -(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 499.2 R F1 +(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 595.2 R F1 (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 511.2 S .172 +F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 523.2 R 3.46(fa) +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 619.2 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 535.2 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 552 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 631.2 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 648 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4 -(Wi)144 564 S .329 +(Wi)144 660 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 576 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 588 Q +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 672 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 684 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 600 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 -(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 612 Q F1144 624 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 636 Q F1144 648 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -144 660 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) -180 672 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 684 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 -696 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 708 Q 1.707(The return v)144 724.8 R 1.707 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 696 Q F2(n)A F0 1.564 +(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 708 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(directory stack.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q -(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S -.295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295 -(is not present,)3.105 F .244(and neither)144 124.8 R F1 .243 -(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.744 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243 -(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243(ent job)-.37 F F1 .243 -(is used.)2.743 F .243(If the \255h option)5.243 F .333(is gi)144 136.8 -R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0 .334(is not remo) -3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334(rom the table, b)-2.834 F -.334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP) -2.834 E F0 .334(is not sent to)2.584 F 1.19(the job if the shell recei) -144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec)5.429 E F0 1.189 -(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F13.689 E F0 1.189(nor the) -3.689 F F13.689 E F0 1.569(option is supplied, the)144 160.8 R F2 -(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 F 1.569 -(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.57(is supplied, the)4.38 F F1 -4.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 172.8 Q .904 -.15 -(ve o)-.15 H 3.104(rm).15 G .604(ark all jobs; the)-3.104 F F1 -3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.413 -E .603(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 -184.8 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 201.6 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 +144 120 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) +180 132 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 144 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 +156 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 168 Q .257(The return v)144 184.8 R .258 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 196.8 Q F1(diso)108 213.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 225.6 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) +4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 +(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 +F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .243(and neither) +144 237.6 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F +2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243(ent job) +-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .244(If the \255h option)5.243 F .334 +(is gi)144 249.6 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0 +.334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334 +(rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .333(is not sent to)2.584 F +1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 +G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2 +(jobspec)5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F1 +3.689 E F0 1.19(nor the)3.69 F F13.69 E F0 1.57 +(option is supplied, the)144 273.6 R F2(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F +F0 1.57(is used.)4.07 F 1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.569 +(is supplied, the)4.379 F F14.069 E F0 1.569(option means to)4.069 +F(remo)144 285.6 Q .903 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603 +(ark all jobs; the)-3.103 F F13.103 E F0 .603(option without a) +3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.414 E .604 +(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 297.6 R +(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.394(Output the)144 213.6 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +.395(Output the)144 326.4 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F12.895 E F0 .549 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 225.6 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F12.894 E F0 .548 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 338.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F13.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 237.6 Q -.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 -2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G -4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 -E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 261.6 R -F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 -F .66(by def)144 273.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(does not interpret)3.16 F F13.16 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 285.6 Q -F1(\\a)144 297.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 309.6 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 321.6 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f) -144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5 -(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1 -(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15 -(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 350.4 Q +.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 +2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 +E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 374.4 R +F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) +.15 F .659(by def)144 386.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 398.4 Q +F1(\\a)144 410.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 422.4 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 434.4 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 446.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f) +144 458.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 470.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5 +(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 482.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1 +(\\t)144 494.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 506.4 Q F0 -.15 +(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 518.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\0)144 530.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 542.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277 -(Enable and disable b)144 458.4 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 571.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 (Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 -(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 -470.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 -(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333 -(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 -482.4 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1 -3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F -1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 494.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582 -(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08 -(instead of the shell b)144 506.4 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) --.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he) --5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w) --.25 E -.2(bu)144 518.4 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 -1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G -4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F -(The)144 530.4 Q F12.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F -.366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 -5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E -.367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) -144 542.4 R F12.899 E F0 .399 -(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.) --.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the) --.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 554.4 R 2.598 -(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b) -2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 -1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 566.4 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 578.4 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 590.4 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -602.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 619.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 631.2 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 655.2 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 684 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 696 R .177(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 708 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 720 Q F0 .639(to be e)3.909 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138(vironment. If) --.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2 -(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)3.318 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 +583.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 595.2 +R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 607.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 619.2 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 631.2 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 643.2 Q F1 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 655.2 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +667.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 679.2 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 691.2 R F12.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 703.2 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 +715.2 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.077(zeroth ar)144 84 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .618 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .318(hell e).15 F .318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 84 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 96 Q F2(ar) +3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 120 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 148.8 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 160.8 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 172.8 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 184.8 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 196.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 208.8 Q .617 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .317(hell e).15 F +.317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 108 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(ure. An)144 220.8 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F1(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 120 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 232.8 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 132 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 273.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 201.6 R -F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 302.4 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 314.4 R +F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.626 E F2 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F2144 225.6 Q F0 .66 -(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 -(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F23.159 E F0 -(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 237.6 R 1.586 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 326.4 R(the)2.627 E F1 +2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 338.4 Q F0 .659 +(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66 +(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F13.16 E F0 +(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 350.4 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 -(rom each)-4.086 F F1(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 249.6 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) --.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G +1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 362.4 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) +-.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 374.4 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F22.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F1(name)144.36 -273.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 -302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 314.4 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F1<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 326.4 R F1 -.45 -(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F1(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +F F12.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 +386.4 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 427.2 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 439.2 R F2 -.45 +(Fi)5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F2(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -338.4 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 350.4 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.276 E F1(last)2.866 E F0 .277 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 -(for listing \(so that)144 362.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 +.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +451.2 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 463.2 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 +(for listing \(so that)144 475.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 374.4 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 398.4 -Q F22.522 E F0 .022 +2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F +(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 487.2 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 511.2 +Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 410.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 523.2 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 422.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 434.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 446.4 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 458.4 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 482.4 R F1 -(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 -(is replaced by)2.539 F F1 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 494.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') -2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 -6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 506.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 -E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 530.4 R .142 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 547.2 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 559.2 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 571.2 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 595.2 R +F2(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) +2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 +(alias to use with this is)144 607.2 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 +2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 +G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) +-.15 F F4(cc)144 619.2 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 643.2 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 542.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 655.2 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 667.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 578.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 607.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 619.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 631.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 643.2 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) -4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 -(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 660 Q F1 -(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 -672 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 684 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 696 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 -(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 708 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 720 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G -.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26) -135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 691.2 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(51)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(ar)144 84 Q .085(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F -(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument) --.18 E .803(into the v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 -E F2(.)A F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F1(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 -.804(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 120 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 96 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 +(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 108 Q +3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 120 Q .362 +(ground, or f)-.15 F .362(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) +-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F +F2(jobspec)145.74 132 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004 +(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) +2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 148.8 +Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1 +(getopts)144 160.8 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 172.8 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 184.8 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 196.8 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 208.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 220.8 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 232.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 256.8 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 132 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 156 R F3(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 168 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 268.8 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 292.8 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F1(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F3(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 192 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) -.27 E F3(getopts)144 204 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 -228 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 -(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F4(optstring) -3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F4(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E -1.264(reporting is used.)144 240 R 1.263 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 328.8 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 +340.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 364.8 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263 +(reporting is used.)144 376.8 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 252 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F4(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 288 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F4(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 300 R F1(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F2(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 312 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 336 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F4(name)144 348 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F3 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 360 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 -(getopts)144 384 Q F0 .902 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +388.8 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 400.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 424.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +436.8 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 448.8 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +472.8 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 484.8 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F1 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 496.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 +(getopts)144 520.8 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 396 Q F3(hash)108 412.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F4(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) -144 424.8 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F4(name)3.554 E F0 3.554(,t).18 -G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ -he directories in)-3.554 F F3($P)144 436.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F32.85 E F0 .349 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F4 -(\214lename)4.759 E F0 .452 -(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 448.8 R(The)5.452 E -F32.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 460.8 R(The)5.593 E F3 -3.093 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.093 F .592 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F4(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 -(If the)144 472.8 R F32.52 E F0 .02 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F4(name) -2.521 E F0 .021(corresponds is printed.)2.521 F .021(If multi-)5.021 F -(ple)144 484.8 Q F4(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 -(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F33.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F4(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 496.8 Q F3 -3.215 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ -that may be reused as input.)3.215 F .716(If no ar)5.716 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.184(ments are gi)144 508.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F -F33.684 E F0 1.183 +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 532.8 Q F1(hash)108 +549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +-.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F2(name)3.555 E F0 3.555 +(,t).18 G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by sea\ +rching the directories in)-3.555 F F1($P)144 573.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H) +.95 E F0 .349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F12.849 +E F0 .349(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F +F2(\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 +(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 585.6 R(The)5.452 E +F12.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 +(get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 597.6 R(The)5.592 E F1 +3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 +(If the)144 609.6 R F12.521 E F0 .021 +(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F2(name) +2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) +144 621.6 Q F2(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 +(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F13.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) +-3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 633.6 Q F1 +3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ +that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E +1.183(ments are gi)144 645.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F +F13.683 E F0 1.184 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F -(The return status is true unless a)144 520.8 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0 +(The return status is true unless a)144 657.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 -E F3(help)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F0 2.5(][)C F4(pattern)-2.5 E -F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 549.6 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F4(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -561.6 R F4(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F .596(tures is printed.)144 573.6 -R(The)5.596 E F33.096 E F0 .596 +E F1(help)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern)-2.5 E +F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 686.4 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +698.4 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F .596(tures is printed.)144 710.4 +R(The)5.596 E F13.096 E F0 .596 (option restricts the information displayed to a short usage synopsis.) 3.096 F(The)5.596 E(return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 -585.6 Q F4(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 602.4 Q F4(n)A F3 -(])A(history \255c)108 614.4 Q(history \255d)108 626.4 Q F4(of)2.5 E -(fset)-.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\214lename)A -F0(])A F3(history \255p)108 650.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4 -(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 662.4 Q F4(ar) -2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi) -144 674.4 S .752 -(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 686.4 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of) --.18 F F4(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F4(n)4.091 E F0 -3.731(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 698.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.75 F F4 -(strftime)2.749 E F0 .249(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B .378 -(associated with each displayed history entry)144 710.4 R 5.378(.N)-.65 -G 2.878(oi)-5.378 G(nterv)-2.878 E .379 -(ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .815 -(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 722.4 R(If)5.814 E F4 -(\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +722.4 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(\214le; if not, the v)144 84 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 96 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) -25.86 E F2144 108 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0(Delete the history entry at position)180 120 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F2144 132 Q F0 .598(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w') --.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)180 144 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F2144 156 Q F0 .854(Read \ +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(n)A F1(])A(history \255c)108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E +(fset)-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0 +(])A F1(history \255p)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 +S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 1.231(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R 1.231(An ar)6.231 F 1.231(gument of) +-.18 F F2(n)4.091 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.971 F F2(n)4.091 E F0 +3.73(lines. 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Does)180 228 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F3(ar) +-2.5 E F1144 348 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 252 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F3(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 264 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F3(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 280.8 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 +(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 384 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 412.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 E F0 .28 (is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry) -2.78 F .216(is written to the history \214le.)144 292.8 R .216 -(The return v)5.216 F .216(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.216(lid option is encountered, an error).25 F .422 -(occurs while reading or writing the history \214le, an in)144 304.8 R --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F3(of)2.922 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .422 -(is supplied as an ar)2.922 F .422(gument to)-.18 F F22.922 E F0 -(,)A(or the history e)144 316.8 Q(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E -(gument to)-.18 E F22.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 -333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F2(jobs \255x)108 345.6 Q F3(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 357.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 369.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F2 -144 381.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 -(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 393.6 Q F0 -.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) --.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 405.6 Q F2144 417.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F2144 429.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 446.4 Q F3(jobspec) -4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 458.4 Q -.25 +2.78 F .539(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .539 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.54(.W)-.55 G .54 +(hen the history \214le is)-5.54 F 1.779(read, lines be)144 436.8 R +1.779(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.778 +(wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424 +(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R 1.424 +(vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ +ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ +, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 +144 537.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 +(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 549.6 Q F0 +.193(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) +-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F +(\214ed of their status.)180 561.6 Q F1144 573.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec) +4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F3(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 475.2 R F2 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F3(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F3(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F3(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 487.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F3(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F3(ar) +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 631.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F2(kill)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 -2.5 E F3(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F3(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F3(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 -(kill \255l)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 528 R F3 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F3(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F3(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F3 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F3(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 540 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F1(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F1(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 552 Q F3(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F3(sigspec) -4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F1(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 564 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F -F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 +(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 720 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 576 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F3 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 588 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F2 -2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 600 R -F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F2(let)108 628.8 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 640.8 Q F3(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 -(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F1 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E --.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the) -5.634 F(last)144 652.8 Q F3(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G -(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) -2.5 E F2(local)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name) --2.5 E F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 681.6 S -2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 -(ariable named)-.25 F F3(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) -2.74 F F3(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F3(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 693.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -705.6 Q F3(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 717.6 Q F0 1.165 -(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 729.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 -F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F3(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(supplied, or)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 -(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 -100.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(popd)108 117.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E -F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A -(Remo)144 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3 -(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 -F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299 -(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -141.6 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 153.6 Q F2144 165.6 Q F0 .551 +-.35 E .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .377 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 108 R +F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F +(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 +E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.964 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.134 +(is an arithmetic e)3.854 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.135(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.135(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.635 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(\).)A F0 1.135(If the)5.635 F(last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 +-.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06 +(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +213.6 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.164 +(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) +6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233 +(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 +F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 +249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 +(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(popd)108 283.2 Q F0 +<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1 +(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 +(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) +.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 +(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +307.2 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 319.2 Q F2144 331.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 177.6 Q F2(+)144 189.6 Q F1(n)A +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 343.2 Q F2(+)144 355.2 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -201.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +367.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 213.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 225.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -242.4 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 254.4 R .416 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 266.4 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0 +-.65 E F5(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 379.2 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 +391.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F5(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F5(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 408 R F2(popd)3.144 +E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 +E F0 .415(returns f)144 420 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 432 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 -(Write the formatted)144 295.2 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 +(Write the formatted)144 460.8 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 (to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 307.2 R .158 +e simply)144 472.8 R .159 (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .159(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ +144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ - of the ne)144 331.2 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar) -3.149 E(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 343.2 Q F0 5.423(.I)C 2.923(na)-5.423 G .423 -(ddition to the standard)-2.923 F F1(printf)2.923 E F0 .424 -(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.924 E F2(printf)2.924 E F0 -.424(to e)2.924 F .424(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .977 -(sequences in the corresponding)144 355.2 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E + of the ne)144 496.8 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)3.15 E +(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 508.8 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 +(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 +(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F2(printf)2.923 E F0 +.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 +(sequences in the corresponding)144 520.8 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 -(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F2 -(\\")3.476 E F0(,)A(and)144 367.2 Q F2(\\?)3.421 E F0 .921(are not remo) -3.421 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .922 -(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 379.2 Q F0 -(causes)3.631 E F2(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131(to output the corresponding) -3.631 F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 391.2 Q(The) -144 415.2 Q F22.903 E F0 .404 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.903 F(ariable)-.25 E +(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F2 +(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 532.8 Q F2(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) +3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 +(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 544.8 Q F0 +(causes)3.63 E F2(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 +F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 +(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 556.8 Q(The) +144 580.8 Q F22.904 E F0 .404 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 427.2 Q(The)144 451.2 Q F1(format)3.424 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 E +(standard output.)144 592.8 Q(The)144 616.8 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E (guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 463.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 628.8 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 475.2 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 640.8 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd) -108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 516 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 528 R 1.315 -(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315 -(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316 -(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 540 R 5.871(.A)-.65 -G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 552 Q F2 -144 564 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \ -adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F -(only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F2(+)144 588 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268 -(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2144 612 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 -F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 -(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F1(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 652.8 -R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 664.8 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 -1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 676.8 -R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ -s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -688.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 -705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 717.6 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -729.6 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F(GNU Bash-3.2) -72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 681.6 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 693.6 R 1.316 +(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315 +(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315 +(irectories and)-3.815 F .871 +(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 705.6 R 5.871(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 717.6 Q +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.263(enabled. If)144 84 R(the)3.263 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 -G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 108 Q F1 -.18(re)108 124.8 S(ad).18 -E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard inpu\ -t, or from the \214le descriptor)144 136.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 148.8 Q F1 -2.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G -.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E -F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) -.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the norma\ +l change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so that) +24.74 F(only the stack is manipulated.)180 96 Q F1(+)144 108 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2 +(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1144 132 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 +F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)180 144 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 156 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 172.8 +R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs) +2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 184.8 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 +1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 +196.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ +ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F +(speci\214ed ne)144 208.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E +(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 237.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +249.6 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 261.6 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 273.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 285.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 302.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(aname) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 +E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(\ +One line is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor) +144 314.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516 +(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 326.4 Q F12.538 E F0 .038 +(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) +-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 172.8 R .541(wer w) --.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F -.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 350.4 R .54(wer w)-.25 +F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ +are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 362.4 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 +(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891 -(be used to remo)144 196.8 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 -H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 +(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 +(be used to remo)144 374.4 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H +1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 220.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 232.8 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 410.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 244.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 256.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F2(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 280.8 Q F0 .373 +F1144 458.4 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E -(to obtain the line.)180 292.8 Q F1144 304.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 316.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 -(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input.)180 328.8 Q F1144 340.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -(Display)180 352.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 364.8 Q +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +(to obtain the line.)180 470.4 Q F1144 482.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 494.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input.)180 506.4 Q F1144 518.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +(Display)180 530.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 542.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 376.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 388.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +144 554.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 566.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 400.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +-.25 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 412.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 424.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 -G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 +144 590.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 602.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 +G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 436.8 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42 +180 614.4 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42 (fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.92 G(ad).18 E F0 .42 -(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 448.8 Q F1 -144 460.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 -E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 477.6 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E -F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 -(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.217 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 489.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.717 G(ad) -.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.717 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.218 -(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 501.6 Q -(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 518.4 S(adonly).18 -E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 530.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 -F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 542.4 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 554.4 Q 2.873(ed. The) --.1 F F12.873 E F0 .373(option restricts the v)2.873 F .372 -(ariables to arrays.)-.25 F .372(If no)5.372 F F2(name)3.232 E F0(ar) -3.052 E .372(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .372(n, or if the).15 -F F1144 566.4 Q F0 .796 -(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.296 F +(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 626.4 Q F1 +144 638.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 +E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 655.2 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E +F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192 +(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.218 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 667.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.718 G(ad) +.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.217 +(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 679.2 Q +(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 696 S(adonly).18 E +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 +E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F +.77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 720 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(mark)144 84 Q 2.872(ed. The)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +2.872 E F0 .372(option restricts the v)2.872 F .372(ariables to arrays.) +-.25 F .372(If no)5.372 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.232 E F0(ar) +3.053 E .373(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .373(n, or if the).15 +F F1144 96 Q F0 .796 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.297 F (The)5.796 E F13.296 E F0 .796(option causes output to be)3.296 F -.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 578.4 R .828 -(If a v)5.828 F .828(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .827(wed by =)-.25 F -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.327(,t)C(he)-3.327 E -.25(va)144 590.4 S .404 -(lue of the v).25 F .404(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.904 E(d)-.37 -E F0 5.404(.T)C .405(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.404 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .405(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.07(one of the)144 -602.4 R F2(names)3.929 E F0 1.069(is not a v)3.839 F 1.069(alid shell v) --.25 F 1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F13.569 E F0 1.069 +.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 108 R .828 +(If a v)5.828 F .828(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .828(wed by =)-.25 F +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.328(,t)C(he)-3.328 E -.25(va)144 120 S .405 +(lue of the v).25 F .405(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.905 E(d)-.37 +E F0 5.405(.T)C .404(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.405 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G .404(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.069(one of the)144 132 +R F2(names)3.929 E F0 1.069(is not a v)3.839 F 1.069(alid shell v)-.25 F +1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F13.569 E F0 1.069 (is supplied with a)3.569 F F2(name)3.929 E F0 1.069(that is not a)3.749 -F(function.)144 614.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 631.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 643.2 R .587 +F(function.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 +E F2(n)A F0(])A .587(Causes a function to e)144 172.8 R .587 (xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 -E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587 +E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586 (is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 667.2 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() +144 196.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 -(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 679.2 R F2(n)3.106 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 691.2 R .082 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 +(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 208.8 R F2(n)3.105 +E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 220.8 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 -(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 703.2 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F -4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) +(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 +(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 232.8 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F +4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) +4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(55)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F -.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836 -(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R -3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783(riables cannot be) -.25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 132 R F2 .447(posix mode)2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C -.447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 144 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531 -(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)-.2 F -3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .202 -(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 156 R .202 +144 244.8 Q F1(set)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 +E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 273.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 285.6 S +.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 297.6 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 309.6 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 321.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F .202 +(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 333.6 R .202 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned,)-.25 F(in order) -144 168 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 -2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 180 Q F0 -.54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F -.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 192 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) --.4 E F1144 204 Q F0 .131 +144 345.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 357.6 Q +F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 +(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 369.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) +-.4 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 228 Q F0 1.694 -(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2 1.693(simple command)4.193 F F0(\(see) -4.193 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.693(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.193 F F0(abo)3.943 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.193(\)e).15 G 1.693(xits with a)-4.343 F .011 -(non-zero status.)184 240 R .011(The shell does not e)5.011 F .011 -(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .012(ails is part of the command)-.1 F -.719(list immediately follo)184 252 R .719(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.219 -E F0(or)3.219 E F1(until)3.219 E F0 -.1(ke)3.219 G(yw)-.05 E .719 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)3.218 E F0(statement,)3.218 E -1.163(part of a)184 264 R F1(&&)3.664 E F0(or)3.664 E/F4 10/Symbol SF +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 393.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 +1.693(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2 1.693(simple command)4.193 F F0 +(\(see)4.193 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.693(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.193 F F0(abo) +3.943 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.194(\)e).15 G 1.694(xits with a)-4.344 F .012 +(non-zero status.)184 417.6 R .012(The shell does not e)5.012 F .011 +(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .011(ails is part of the command)-.1 F +.718(list immediately follo)184 429.6 R .718(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +3.218 E F0(or)3.218 E F1(until)3.219 E F0 -.1(ke)3.219 G(yw)-.05 E .719 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)3.219 E F0(statement,)3.219 E +1.164(part of a)184 441.6 R F1(&&)3.664 E F0(or)3.664 E/F4 10/Symbol SF 3.664 E F0 1.164(list, an)3.664 F 3.664(yc)-.15 G 1.164 (ommand in a pipeline b)-3.664 F 1.164(ut the last, or if the command') --.2 F(s)-.55 E .7(return v)184 276 R .7(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.4 G .7(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.2 E F0 5.7(.A)C .699(trap on)-2.501 F F1 -(ERR)3.199 E F0 3.199(,i)C 3.199(fs)-3.199 G .699(et, is e)-3.199 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .699(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 288 S(its.).15 -E F1144 300 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 312 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 -F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 324 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 336 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 +-.2 F(s)-.55 E .699(return v)184 453.6 R .699(alue is being in)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .699(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.199 E F0 5.699(.A)C .699 +(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR)3.199 E F0 3.2(,i)C 3.2(fs)-3.2 G .7(et, is e) +-3.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .7(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184 465.6 +S(its.).15 E F1144 477.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 489.6 Q F0 2.239 +(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238 +(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738 +(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 501.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +144 513.6 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 348 Q F1 -144 360 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 372 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 384 R .642 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 396 Q F1 -144 408 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -420 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1144 432 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 444 Q F2 +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 525.6 Q F1 +144 537.6 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 549.6 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 +(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 561.6 R .641 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 573.6 Q F1 +144 585.6 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +597.6 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 609.6 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 621.6 Q F2 (option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 480 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 504 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) -13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E -.95(when the shell is interacti)224 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +(allexport)184 633.6 Q F0(Same as)224 645.6 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(braceexpand)184 657.6 Q F0(Same as)224 669.6 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 681.6 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) +-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 693.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0(option.)224 528 Q F1(errtrace)184 540 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 576 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 588 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 624 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G -3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 636 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 648 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657 -(The ef)224 660 R 1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F6 10 -/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 672 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0 -(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 684 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 -E F0(Same as)224 696 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 708 Q F0 -(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +3.45 E F0(option.)224 705.6 Q F1(errtrace)184 717.6 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E +F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(56) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noclob)184 84 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 96 -Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 108 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 120 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(nolog)5 E F0(Currently ignored.)2.5 E F1(notify)184 132 Q F0(Same as) -15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 144 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 156 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(ph)184 168 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(pipefail)184 180 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 192 R +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 108 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 120 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(history)184 156 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G +3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 168 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +180 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 192 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +204 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 216 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 240 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 252 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 276 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(noglob)184 288 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)5 E F0 +(Currently ignored.)2.5 E F1(notify)184 300 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 +Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 +348 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 360 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 204 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 216 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 228 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 396 Q +/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 408 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 420 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 432 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 444 Q F0 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 E(ace.)-.1 E F1 -(xtrace)184 288 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 306 Q -F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -318 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 330 Q F1 -144 342 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.705 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 354 R 1.705 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.206 E F0 -.25(va)184 366 S .019 +(xtrace)184 456 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 474 Q +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +486 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 498 Q F1 +144 510 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.705 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 522 R 1.705 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.205 E F0 -.25(va)184 534 S .018 (riable, if it appears in the en).25 F .019(vironment, is ignored.)-.4 F -.018(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 -Q 1.158 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859 +.019(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 546 +Q 1.159 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F -F13.359 E F0 .859(option is not sup-)3.359 F .294 -(plied, these actions are tak)184 390 R .293(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti) +F13.359 E F0 .858(option is not sup-)3.359 F .293 +(plied, these actions are tak)184 558 R .293(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti) -.25 E .593 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .293(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 -F .293(If the)5.293 F F12.793 E F0 1.195 -(option is supplied at startup, the ef)184 402 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.495 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.196 G 1.196 -(rning this option of).45 F(f)-.25 E(causes the ef)184 414 Q(fecti)-.25 +F .294(If the)5.294 F F12.794 E F0 1.196 +(option is supplied at startup, the ef)184 570 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.495 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.195 G 1.195 +(rning this option of).45 F(f)-.25 E(causes the ef)184 582 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1 -144 426 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .445 +144 594 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 606 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444 (eat unset v).35 F .444 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519 -(attempted on an unset v)184 450 R .519 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52 +(attempted on an unset v)184 618 R .519 (ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 462 S(its with a non-zero status.) -.15 E F1144 474 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 486 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 630 S(its with a non-zero status.) +.15 E F1144 642 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) +-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 654 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 498 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 666 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 -510 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E -F1144 522 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)3.736 E F3(,)A F0(follo) +3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 678 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 690 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 534 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 546 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E -F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 702 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 714 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E +F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 558 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 570 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 582 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) --2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 606 Q F1 -144 618 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 630 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 642 Q F0 1.165 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +5.435(tors. This)184 726 R 2.936(may be o)5.435 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.936 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection).15 F +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(operator)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of) +2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 96 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F +2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 120 Q F1 +144 132 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 144 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 156 Q F0 1.164 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 -(that change the current w)184 654 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 666 R(def)2.686 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 +(that change the current w)184 168 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 180 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 678 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -690 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 192 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +204 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 714 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401 -(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 228 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 240 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 252 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) .15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1144 108 Q F0 1.945 +F0(.)A F1144 264 Q F0 1.944 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 120 R F1 -3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 -148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 276 R F1 +3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 288 Q .425(The options are of)144 +304.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 316.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 328.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 340.8 Q F1(shift)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 369.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 381.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 393.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 405.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)108 434.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 446.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The) -144 314.4 Q F12.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) -5.328 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 458.4 R(The) +144 470.4 Q F12.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) +5.327 F(ha)144 482.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1144 494.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1144 506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255 -(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 +(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .256 +(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F -(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F +(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1144 554.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128 -(If either)144 415.2 R F12.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F12.628 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 +(If either)144 571.2 R F12.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 -1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.) +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 +1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -456 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 +612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 514.8 Q F0 .2 +144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 526.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 538.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 550.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 562.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 574.8 Q F0 -1.055 -(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 586.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 598.8 R 4.352 -.65 -(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 610.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 622.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 634.8 R F1(bash) -4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F -2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 646.8 S(cute it.).15 E -(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 658.8 -Q F0 .561(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 670.8 R 3.061(ys)-.15 -G .56(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .56(xiting an interacti) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 682.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj) --.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 -(attempted without an interv)184 694.8 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 -F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 706.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 January 12)140.96 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 84 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -96 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 108 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 120 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1 -(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -1.202(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F -(entry)184 132 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(dotglob)144 144 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 108 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F +(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 2.08 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 +(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 156 S(cute it.).15 E +(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q +F0 .56(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 180 R 3.061(ys)-.15 G +.561(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .561(xiting an interacti) +-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. 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The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 +E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1 +(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 +.797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796 +(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796 +(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(cmdhist)144 264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(dotglob)144 288 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be) 2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 -156 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +300 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 168 Q +G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 312 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 180 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 192 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 204 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 216 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 228 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E -F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 324 Q F0 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 336 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 348 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 360 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(If set, beha)184 372 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 384 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.25 E +F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 +G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 396 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 408 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 300 S .488 +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 420 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 432 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 444 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 +(sour)220 456 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184 -324 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.776 E F1 -.3(BA)3.776 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 -1.275(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.776 F(tions abo)220 -336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.359 +468 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 +1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220 +480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 492 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 +504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 372 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 384 +184 516 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 528 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 -(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 540 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 552 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 564 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 576 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.585(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 588 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 600 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 612 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 624 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.585(If set, the suf)184 636 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w) --.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +-.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 648 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.33 -(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .83(SHELL V)3.33 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo) -3.08 E 1.13 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .829(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE) -3.329 E F0 5.829(.T)C .829(his option)-5.829 F(is enabled by def)184 528 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(gnu_errfmt)144 540 Q F0(If set, shell error messages a\ -re written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 552 Q F1 -(histappend)144 564 Q F0 .383 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -576 R .384(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.884 E F0 -.25(va)2.884 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 588 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 600 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 612 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 624 Q F1(histv)144 636 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 -(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 660 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 672 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 684 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 696 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -708 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 720 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329 +(pletions. See)184 660 R F2 .829(SHELL V)3.329 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)3.079 E 1.129 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .83(or a description of).15 F F1 +(FIGNORE)3.33 E F0 5.83(.T)C .83(his option)-5.83 F(is enabled by def) +184 672 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(gnu_errfmt)144 684 Q F0(If set, shell error me\ +ssages are written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 696 Q +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 84 Q F0(If set,)184 96 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 108 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 -.33(If set, allo)184 120 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 -(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 132 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 144 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 156 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 -(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) --3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 168 Q +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histappend)144 84 Q F0 .384 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +96 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G(ri-) +.25 E(able when the shell e)184 108 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 120 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +.575(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 144 Q F1(histv)144 156 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 180 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 192 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 204 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +228 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 +252 Q F0(If set,)184 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) +2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H +(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G +(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33 +(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33 +(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F +.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 +312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 324 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F +F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 336 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 180 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 348 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -192 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 204 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 216 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -228 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 240 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +360 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 372 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 384 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +396 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 408 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 252 Q F0 .146(If set, and)184 264 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.646 G(adline).18 E F0 .146(is being used,)2.646 F F1(bash)2.646 E -F0 .145(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.645 G(TH) --.21 E F0 .145(for possible)2.645 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 276 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 288 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 312 S +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 420 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E +F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) +-.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 444 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 456 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 468 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 480 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 324 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -336 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 360 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 384 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 396 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 408 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 420 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 432 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 444 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 456 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 492 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +504 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 528 Q F0 +.855(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 552 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 564 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 576 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 588 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 600 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 612 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 624 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 468 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 480 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 +E(This option is enabled by def)184 636 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 648 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 492 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 504 Q 4.178 +184 660 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 672 Q 4.178 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 516 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +184 684 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 528 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 540 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 552 Q F1(sour) -144 564 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 576 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 588 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 600 Q F0(If set, the)184 612 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .492 -(Suspend the e)144 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.992(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT).001 E F0 2.993(signal. The)2.743 F F12.993 E F0 .493 -(option says not to)2.993 F .759 -(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 648 R(yw)-.15 E -(ay)-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .758 -(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)-5.758 F(login shell and) -144 660 Q F12.5 E F0 -(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 -672 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 684 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1 -(])2.5 E F0 1.15(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.15(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E -F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 696 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 708 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 720 Q -(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F1(shift_v)144 696 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 708 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 84 R .785 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)144 84 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77 +(If set, the)184 96 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 +3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F .771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 108 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 120 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 132 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 144 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .493(Suspend the e)144 156 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .493(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.992(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 2.992(signal. The)2.742 F F12.992 E +F0 .492(option says not to)2.992 F .758 +(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 168 R(yw)-.15 E +(ay)-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .759 +(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)-5.758 F(login shell and) +144 180 Q F12.5 E F0 +(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 +192 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 204 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 216 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.89(described abo)144 228 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 +(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 240 Q +(gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 258 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence.)144 -96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex) -2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 120 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\)) -2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G -(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.26(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 132 Q F2 -.2 -(ex)144 144 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 156 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 168 S(pr1).2 -E F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 180 S -(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 196.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +270 Q F1(!)144 282 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 294 Q F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26 +(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 +(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 306 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 318 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 330 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 342 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 354 S +(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 370.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 214.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 226.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 238.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 250.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 388.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 400.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 412.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 424.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 274.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 448.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 286.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -298.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 310.8 Q +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 460.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 472.8 Q .552 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 484.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 322.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 334.8 R .023 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 496.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 508.8 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 346.8 Q -1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F -1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .397 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 358.8 R .397(guments as operands.) --.18 F .398(If the \214rst ar)5.398 F .398(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.898 E -F0 2.898(,t)C .398(he v)-2.898 F .398(alue is the)-.25 F(ne)180 370.8 Q --.05(ga)-.15 G .263(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .262 +.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 520.8 Q +1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F +1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .398 +(using the \214rst and third ar)180 532.8 R .398(guments as operands.) +-.18 F .398(If the \214rst ar)5.398 F .397(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.897 E +F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397(alue is the)-.25 F(ne)180 544.8 Q +-.05(ga)-.15 G .262(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .262 (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.762(guments. If)-.18 -F .262(the \214rst ar)2.762 F(gu-)-.18 E .205(ment is e)180 382.8 R -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()2.705 E F0 .205(and the third ar)2.705 F .205 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.705 E F0 2.705(,t)C .206 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.705 F .206(gument test of)-.18 F 1.171 -(the second ar)180 394.8 R 3.671(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.171(the e) +F .263(the \214rst ar)2.762 F(gu-)-.18 E .206(ment is e)180 556.8 R +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()2.706 E F0 .205(and the third ar)2.706 F .205 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.705 E F0 2.705(,t)C .205 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.705 F .205(gument test of)-.18 F 1.17 +(the second ar)180 568.8 R 3.67(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.171(the e) 3.671 F 1.171(xpression is f)-.15 F 3.671(alse. The)-.1 F F13.671 -E F0(and)3.671 E F13.67 E F0 1.17(operators are)3.67 F -(considered binary operators in this case.)180 406.8 Q 2.5(4a)144 418.8 -S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 430.8 R .384 -(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) --2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e) --.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 -442.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +E F0(and)3.671 E F13.671 E F0 1.171(operators are)3.671 F +(considered binary operators in this case.)180 580.8 Q 2.5(4a)144 592.8 +S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 604.8 R .385 +(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) +-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e) +-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 +616.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 466.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) --.18 E 1.635(The e)180 478.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 628.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 640.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) +-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 652.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -490.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 507.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ +664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 681.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ -rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 519.6 Q F1(trap)108 -536.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 548.4 R F2(ar) -3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 560.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2) +72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5 +(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec) +2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 +3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 572.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +.659(\(the v)144 120 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 584.4 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 596.4 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 608.4 R F13.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +144.34 132 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 +(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F +(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E +F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 620.4 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 632.4 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E .745 -(names are case insensiti)144 644.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 +(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ + print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745 +(names are case insensiti)144 192 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 (nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec) -3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F -F2(ar)144.33 656.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63 -(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2 -(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.629 -(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)144 668.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 -E F2 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,) -3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.707 E F0 1.207 -(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 -680.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 692.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665 -(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666 -E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the) -144 704.4 R F1(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E -F2(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508 -(the command)2.758 F F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .508(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508 -(imple com-)-3.008 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 716.4 R 2.506 +3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745 +(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F2(ar)144.33 204 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e) +4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG) +-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.63(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.46 E +(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e) +144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A +F2(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E +F2(select)3.706 E F0 1.206(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 228 Q F0 .412 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412 +(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0 +(abo)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666(\). Refer).15 F .166 +(to the description of the)2.666 F F1(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166 +(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)2.666 G .166 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the)144 252 R F1 +(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E F2(sigspec) +3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508(the command)2.758 F +F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .509 +(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509(imple com-)-3.009 +F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 264 R 2.506 (xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F (The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144 -728.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 +276 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 (ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105 -(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0 -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(61)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.1(ke)144 84 S(yw)-.05 E .936(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.446 E F0 .936(statement, part of a)5.396 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.436 E F0(or)3.436 E/F3 10/Symbol SF -3.436 E F0 .936(list, or if the command')3.436 F 3.436(sr)-.55 G(eturn) --3.436 E -.25(va)144 96 S 1.095(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -1.094(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.594 E F0 6.094(.T)C 1.094 -(hese are the same conditions obe)-6.094 F 1.094(yed by the)-.15 F F2 -(err)3.594 E(exit)-.18 E F0 3.594(option. If)3.594 F(a)3.594 E F1 -(sigspec)144.34 108 Q F0(is)3.348 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.038 E -/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .538(the command)2.788 F F1(ar)3.368 E(g) --.37 E F0 .538(is e)3.258 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .538 -(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted).15 E .506(with the)144 120 R F2(.)3.006 E F0(or)3.006 E F2(sour) -3.006 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.006 G .506(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.006(cuting. Signals).15 F .505 -(ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be)3.006 F .703 -(trapped or reset.)144 132 R -.35(Tr)5.703 G .704 +(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0 -.1 +(ke)144 288 S(yw)-.05 E .936(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if) +3.446 E F0 .936(statement, part of a)5.396 F F1(&&)3.436 E F0(or)3.436 E +/F5 10/Symbol SF3.436 E F0 .936(list, or if the command')3.436 F +3.436(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.436 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.094(lue is being in) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.094(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.594 E F0 6.094(.T)C +1.094(hese are the same conditions obe)-6.094 F 1.094(yed by the)-.15 F +F1(err)3.594 E(exit)-.18 E F0 3.595(option. If)3.594 F(a)3.595 E F2 +(sigspec)144.34 312 Q F0(is)3.349 E F3(RETURN)3.039 E F4(,)A F0 .539 +(the command)2.789 F F2(ar)3.368 E(g)-.37 E F0 .538(is e)3.258 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .538(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .505(with the)144 324 R F1(.)3.005 E F0(or) +3.005 E F1(sour)3.005 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.005 G .505 +(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.006(cuting. Signals).15 F +.506(ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be)3.006 F .704 +(trapped or reset.)144 336 R -.35(Tr)5.704 G .704 (apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original v) -.35 F .704(alues in a)-.25 F .224(child process when it is created.)144 -144 R .224(The return status is f)5.224 F .224(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E -F1(sigspec)3.064 E F0 .224(is in)3.034 F -.25(va)-.4 G .224 -(lid; otherwise).25 F F2(trap)2.724 E F0(returns true.)144 156 Q F2 -(type)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 196.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 208.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 220.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 232.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 244.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F4 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 256.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E -F0(and)144 268.8 Q F22.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F -.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F5(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F22.944 -E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 280.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 -(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) -144 292.8 R F22.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F -.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 -(consulted when using)144 304.8 R F23.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) --5.548 E F23.048 E F0 .549 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 316.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0 +.35 F .703(alues in a)-.25 F .224(child process when it is created.)144 +348 R .224(The return status is f)5.224 F .224(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E +F2(sigspec)3.064 E F0 .224(is in)3.034 F -.25(va)-.4 G .225 +(lid; otherwise).25 F F1(trap)2.725 E F0(returns true.)144 360 Q F1 +(type)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([) +2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 388.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1144 400.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 412.8 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 424.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 436.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +448.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 460.8 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 +2.612 E F0(and)144 472.8 Q F12.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) +2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1 +2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 484.8 R F1(type)2.765 +E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the) +144 496.8 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549 +(consulted when using)144 508.8 R F13.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) +-5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .548 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 +(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 520.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ar)-2.5 E -(guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F2(ulimit)108 -333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255SHacde\214lmnpqrstuvx)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A -F0(]])A(Pro)144 345.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744 -(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108 +537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255SHacde\214lmnpqrstuvx)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A +F0(]])A(Pro)144 549.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743 +(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 357.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 561.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 369.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.738(nr).15 G 2.738(esource. A)-2.738 F .238 +144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.737(nr).15 G 2.737(esource. A)-2.737 F .238 (hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be inc\ -reased up to)2.738 F .355(the v)144 381.6 R .355 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .355(If neither)5.355 F F22.855 E -F0(nor)2.855 E F22.855 E F0 .356 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and hard limits are set.)2.856 F .402 -(The v)144 393.6 R .402(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.992 E F0 .402(can be \ +reased up to)2.738 F .356(the v)144 585.6 R .356 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .356(If neither)5.356 F F12.856 E +F0(nor)2.856 E F12.856 E F0 .355 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and hard limits are set.)2.855 F .402 +(The v)144 597.6 R .402(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.992 E F0 .402(can be \ a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one of the special\ - v)3.582 F(al-)-.25 E(ues)144 405.6 Q F2(hard)3.018 E F0(,)A F2(soft) -3.018 E F0 3.018(,o)C(r)-3.018 E F2(unlimited)3.018 E F0 3.018(,w)C .518 + v)3.582 F(al-)-.25 E(ues)144 609.6 Q F1(hard)3.019 E F0(,)A F1(soft) +3.019 E F0 3.019(,o)C(r)-3.019 E F1(unlimited)3.019 E F0 3.018(,w)C .518 (hich stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no) --3.018 F .354(limit, respecti)144 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.354 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.354 E F1(limit)2.944 E F0 .354 -(is omitted, the current v)3.534 F .353 +-3.018 F .353(limit, respecti)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.353 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.353 E F2(limit)2.943 E F0 .353 +(is omitted, the current v)3.533 F .354 (alue of the soft limit of the resource is printed,)-.25 F .37 -(unless the)144 429.6 R F22.87 E F0 .37(option is gi)2.87 F -.15 +(unless the)144 633.6 R F12.87 E F0 .37(option is gi)2.87 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.87(n. When).15 F .37 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit)2.87 F -(are printed before the v)144 441.6 Q 2.5(alue. Other)-.25 F -(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2144 453.6 Q -F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F2144 477.6 Q F0 +(are printed before the v)144 645.6 Q 2.5(alue. Other)-.25 F +(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 657.6 Q +F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 669.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1144 681.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F2144 489.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2144 501.6 Q +(gment)-.15 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 705.6 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F2144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F2144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2144 549.6 Q F0 .791(The \ -maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -561.6 Q F2144 573.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 -144 585.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2144 -597.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2144 -609.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2144 621.6 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2144 633.6 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 645.6 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F2144 657.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 -E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 -(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2 -2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F -.176(option is gi)144 686.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2 -2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2 -2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 698.4 -Q F22.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.697 F F22.698 E F0 -(and)2.698 E F22.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198(hich are unscaled v) --2.698 F 2.698(alues. The)-.25 F .404(return status is 0 unless an in) -144 710.4 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 -(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -722.4 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +26.97 E F1144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0 -(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 96 R F2(mode)2.7 E -F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 +(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E(ed into memory)-.1 E F1 +144 96 Q F0(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1144 108 Q F0 +.791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do no\ +t allo)24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 +144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F1144 168 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 +180 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 +192 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 204 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 216 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E(If)144 232.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F12.843 E F0 .343 +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) +144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F12.675 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 256.8 +Q F12.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.698 F F12.698 E F0 +(and)2.698 E F12.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197(hich are unscaled v) +-2.697 F 2.697(alues. The)-.25 F .404(return status is 0 unless an in) +144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 +280.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 309.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 108 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -120 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 321.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +333.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 132 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 345.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 144 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 156 Q +(mode)144.38 357.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 369.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 172.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 184.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 386.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 398.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 225.6 S 3.106 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E -.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1144 237.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 .459 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 261.6 R .903 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 427.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 439.2 S 3.107 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E +.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1144 451.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 463.2 Q F0 .46 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. 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Q(o\214le)-.45 -E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 256.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F2(~/.bashr)109.666 268.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(The indi)144 280.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(-shell startup \214le).15 E F2(~/.bash_lo)109.666 292.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 -(The indi)144 304.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F2(~/.inputr) -109.666 316.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 328.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F1 -.548(AU)72 345.6 S -(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 357.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E -(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 369.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 386.4 Q -1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu)108 398.4 Q F1 -.11 -(BU)72 415.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 -(If you \214nd a b)108 427.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F 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F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 508.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 525.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 537.6 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 549.6 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 561.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E 2.5(As)108 573.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F2(bashb)108.27 590.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +-.35 E(The v)108 84 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 96 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E +(The compiler used to compile)108 108 Q 2.5(Ad)108 120 S +(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 132 S +(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15 +E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 148.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -607.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 624 S -(GS).11 E F0(It')108 636 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 652.8 R 1.868 -(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) -4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 664.8 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 681.6 Q -(Shell b)108 698.4 Q +165.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.11(BU)72 182.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 194.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 211.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F +F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 223.2 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 240 Q(Shell b)108 256.8 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 715.2 R 2.063 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 727.2 R 2.064 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)7.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.064(cutes the ne).15 F(xt)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2006 December 26)135.965 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .703(command in the sequence.)108 84 R .703(It suf)5.703 F .702(\ -\214ces to place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force \ -it)-.25 F(into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 96 Q .955 -(Commands inside of)108 112.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\()3.455 E F0 -(...)A F1(\))A F0 .956 +re not handled gracefully when)108 273.6 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 285.6 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 297.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 309.6 Q .956 +(Commands inside of)108 326.4 R F1($\()3.456 E F0(...)A F1(\))A F0 .956 (command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted.) -3.455 F .956(This will)5.956 F .567 +3.456 F .955(This will)5.955 F .567 (delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered.)108 -124.8 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .567 -(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 136.8 T 2.5 +338.4 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .568 +(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 350.4 T 2.5 (ni).25 G(nside shell comments, will result in error messages while the\ - construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 153.6 Q + construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 367.2 Q (ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2006 December 26)135.965 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2007 January 12)140.96 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index d4d8207ae..0313620cf 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ @xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{119} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{120} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{120} @@ -358,18 +358,21 @@ @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{139} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Section@tie @char67.1} +@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{147} +@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{147} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{148} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{149} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{151} -@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{149} +@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{153} -@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{151} +@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{155} -@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{153} +@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index ea9c449eb..fff3178b4 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ \entry{suspend}{89}{\code {suspend}} \entry{compgen}{113}{\code {compgen}} \entry{complete}{113}{\code {complete}} -\entry{fc}{117}{\code {fc}} +\entry{fc}{118}{\code {fc}} \entry{history}{118}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index dee314acc..78a534e41 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ \entry {\code {exit}}{36} \entry {\code {export}}{36} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{117} +\entry {\code {fc}}{118} \entry {\code {fg}}{88} \initial {G} \entry {\code {getopts}}{37} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index db1fc7f61..be8f9f864 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ \entry{history list}{117}{history list} \entry{history builtins}{117}{history builtins} \entry{history expansion}{119}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{119}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{119}{history events} +\entry{event designators}{120}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{120}{history events} \entry{installation}{123}{installation} \entry{configuration}{123}{configuration} \entry{Bash installation}{123}{Bash installation} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 564eca150..6d8376442 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ \entry {editing command lines}{91} \entry {environment}{31} \entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{76} -\entry {event designators}{119} +\entry {event designators}{120} \entry {execution environment}{30} \entry {exit status}{3, 31} \entry {expansion}{17} @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ \entry {functions, shell}{14} \initial {H} \entry {history builtins}{117} -\entry {history events}{119} +\entry {history events}{120} \entry {history expansion}{119} \entry {history list}{117} \entry {History, how to use}{116} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 7a3117167..c84fc2e0c 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 4f15cc417..637ae3c2c 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - +