From: Stan Ulbrych <stan@python.org>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 21:41:51 +0000 (+0100)
Subject: [3.11] gh-148169: Fix webbrowser `%action` substitution bypass of dash-prefix check... 
X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=f4654824ae0850ac87227fb270f9057477946769;p=thirdparty%2FPython%2Fcpython.git

[3.11] gh-148169: Fix webbrowser `%action` substitution bypass of dash-prefix check (GH-148170) (#148520)

(cherry picked from commit d22922c8a7958353689dc4763dd72da2dea03fff)
---

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py b/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
index 74eca81c707e..f10f54e4d4ec 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_webbrowser.py
@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ class ChromeCommandTest(CommandTestMixin, unittest.TestCase):
                    options=[],
                    arguments=[URL])
 
+    def test_reject_action_dash_prefixes(self):
+        browser = self.browser_class(name=CMD_NAME)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            browser.open('%action--incognito')
+        # new=1: action is "--new-window", so "%action" itself expands to
+        # a dash-prefixed flag even with no dash in the original URL.
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            browser.open('%action', new=1)
 
 class MozillaCommandTest(CommandTestMixin, unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Lib/webbrowser.py b/Lib/webbrowser.py
index ce6ec9a27d7d..9819a4ecf6d4 100755
--- a/Lib/webbrowser.py
+++ b/Lib/webbrowser.py
@@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
 
     def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        self._check_url(url)
         if new == 0:
             action = self.remote_action
         elif new == 1:
@@ -279,7 +278,9 @@ class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
             raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
                         "expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
 
-        args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
+        self._check_url(url.replace("%action", action))
+
+        args = [arg.replace("%action", action).replace("%s", url)
                 for arg in self.remote_args]
         args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
         success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise, url)
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2026-03-31-09-15-51.gh-issue-148169.EZJzz2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2026-03-31-09-15-51.gh-issue-148169.EZJzz2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..45cdeebe1b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2026-03-31-09-15-51.gh-issue-148169.EZJzz2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+A bypass in :mod:`webbrowser` allowed URLs prefixed with ``%action`` to pass
+the dash-prefix safety check.