From: Chet Ramey Date: Thu, 29 Dec 2011 18:06:34 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20110415 snapshot X-Git-Tag: bash-4.3-alpha~127 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=f6da9f8595fcff5099f2d71045469ecdb8025e84;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20110415 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 058307aea..b5b0a59c6 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -11419,3 +11419,87 @@ lib/readline/terminal.c _rl_term_* variables - don't call tputs on DJGPP; there is no good terminfo support DJGPP support from Eli Zaretskii + + 4/6 + --- + +config-top.h + - change DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE to something more useful and modern + + 4/8 + --- +tests/printf2.sub + - make sure LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are set so LANG assignment takes effect. + Reported by Cedric Arbogast + + 4/11 + ---- +include/chartypes.h + - fix a couple of dicey defines (though ones that don't cause any + compiler warnings) in IN_CTYPE_DOMAIN + +doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} + - add note referring to duplicating file descriptors in sections + describing redirecting stdout and stderr and appending to stdout + and stderr. Suggested by Matthew Dinger + +pcomplete.c + - it_init_helptopics: new function to support completing on help topics, + not just builtins + - it_helptopics: new programmable completion list of help topics + - build list of helptopic completions in gen_action_completions on + demand + +pcomplete.h + - new extern declaration for it_helptopics + +builtins/complete.def + - the `helptopic' action now maps to CA_HELPTOPIC intead of CA_BUILTIN, + since there are more help topics than just builtins. Suggested by + Clark Wang + + 4/12 + ---- +print_cmd.c + - fix print_arith_for_command to add a call to PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS + before ending the body of the command, so heredocs get attached to + the right command instead of to the loop. From gentoo bug 363371 + http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=363371 + +execute_cmd.c + - change coproc_pidchk to unset the appropriate shell variables when + the (currently single) known coproc pid terminates + - cleanup and new functions to fully support multiple coprocesses when + and if I decide to go there + + 4/13 + ---- +print_cmd.c + - fix print_group_command to add a call to PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS + after call to make_command_string_internal before printing closing + `}' + - fix make_command_string_internal to add a call to + PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS after recursive call to + make_command_string_internal in case cm_subshell before printing + closing `)' + + 4/14 + ---- +print_cmd.c + - change overlapping strcpy in named_function_string to memmove + +sig.h + - UNBLOCK_SIGNAL: convenience define, same as UNBLOCK_CHILD, just + restores an old signal mask + +trap.c + - set_signal: instead of setting the signal handler to SIG_IGN while + installing the new trap handler, block the signal and unblock it + after the new handler is installed. Fixes bug reported by Roman + Rakus + + 4/15 + ---- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - make it clear that enabling monitor mode means that all jobs run in + separate process groups diff --git a/autom4te.cache/output.0 b/autom4te.cache/output.0 index 7f16c9673..9021f4b45 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/output.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/output.0 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ @%:@! /bin/sh -@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.038. +@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.039. @%:@ Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. @%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-maint. @%:@ @@ -5033,6 +5033,9 @@ if test "$opt_profiling" = "yes"; then fi if test "$opt_static_link" = yes; then + enable_static=yes + enable_shared=no + enable_rpath=no # if we're using gcc, add `-static' to LDFLAGS, except on Solaris >= 2 if test -n "$GCC" || test "$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" = "yes"; then STATIC_LD="-static" diff --git a/autom4te.cache/requests b/autom4te.cache/requests index 4a5e08c95..014c15267 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/requests +++ b/autom4te.cache/requests @@ -15,25 +15,25 @@ 'configure.in' ], { - '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1, 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1, - 'AC_INIT' => 1, + '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1, 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1, - '_AM_COND_IF' => 1, + 'AC_INIT' => 1, 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1, - 'AC_SUBST' => 1, + '_AM_COND_IF' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1, - 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1, + 'AC_SUBST' => 1, 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1, + 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1, 'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1, 'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1, 'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1, 'LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR' => 1, - 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1, - 'm4_sinclude' => 1, + 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1, 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1, + 'm4_sinclude' => 1, 'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1, 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR' => 1, '_m4_warn' => 1, @@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ 'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1, 'AC_FC_FREEFORM' => 1, 'AH_OUTPUT' => 1, - '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1, - 'sinclude' => 1, - 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, + '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1, 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1, - 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, + 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1, + 'sinclude' => 1, 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1, + 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1, 'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1, 'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1, 'm4_include' => 1, diff --git a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 index bcdd56d36..ca28caea3 100644 --- a/autom4te.cache/traces.0 +++ b/autom4te.cache/traces.0 @@ -545,136 +545,136 @@ m4trace:configure.in:433: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SIGNAMES_O$]) m4trace:configure.in:442: -1- AC_SUBST([CC_FOR_BUILD]) m4trace:configure.in:442: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([CC_FOR_BUILD]) m4trace:configure.in:442: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^CC_FOR_BUILD$]) -m4trace:configure.in:465: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `ac_cv_prog_gcc' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:468: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `ac_cv_prog_gcc' is obsolete. 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+m4trace:configure.in:644: -1- AH_OUTPUT([inline], [/* Define to `__inline__\' or `__inline\' if that\'s what the C compiler calls it, or to nothing if \'inline\' is not supported under any name. */ #ifndef __cplusplus #undef inline #endif]) -m4trace:configure.in:642: -1- AH_OUTPUT([WORDS_BIGENDIAN], [/* Define WORDS_BIGENDIAN to 1 if your processor stores words with the most +m4trace:configure.in:645: -1- AH_OUTPUT([WORDS_BIGENDIAN], [/* Define WORDS_BIGENDIAN to 1 if your processor stores words with the most significant byte first (like Motorola and SPARC, unlike Intel). */ #if defined AC_APPLE_UNIVERSAL_BUILD # if defined __BIG_ENDIAN__ @@ -685,49 +685,49 @@ m4trace:configure.in:642: -1- AH_OUTPUT([WORDS_BIGENDIAN], [/* Define WORDS_BIGE # undef WORDS_BIGENDIAN # endif #endif]) -m4trace:configure.in:642: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([WORDS_BIGENDIAN]) -m4trace:configure.in:642: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^WORDS_BIGENDIAN$]) -m4trace:configure.in:642: -1- 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This function is required for `alloca.c\' support on those systems. */ #undef CRAY_STACKSEG_END]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STACK_DIRECTION], [/* If using the C implementation of alloca, define if you know the +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STACK_DIRECTION], [/* If using the C implementation of alloca, define if you know the direction of stack growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically deduced at runtime. STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */ @%:@undef STACK_DIRECTION]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STACK_DIRECTION]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STACK_DIRECTION$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDLIB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STACK_DIRECTION]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STACK_DIRECTION$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDLIB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDLIB_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNISTD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNISTD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_UNISTD_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETPAGESIZE], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getpagesize\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETPAGESIZE], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getpagesize\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETPAGESIZE]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_MMAP]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_MMAP$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MMAP], [/* Define to 1 if you have a working `mmap\' system call. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_MMAP]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_MMAP$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MMAP], [/* Define to 1 if you have a working `mmap\' system call. */ #undef HAVE_MMAP]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST([GLIBC21]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([GLIBC21]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^GLIBC21$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST([GLIBC21]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([GLIBC21]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^GLIBC21$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -828,19 +828,19 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is aclocal.m4:2587: gt_INTDIV0 is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE], [/* Define if integer division by zero raises signal SIGFPE. */ +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE], [/* Define if integer division by zero raises signal SIGFPE. */ #undef INTDIV0_RAISES_SIGFPE]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([syntax], [AC_CACHE_VAL(jm_ac_cv_header_inttypes_h, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([syntax], [AC_CACHE_VAL(jm_ac_cv_header_inttypes_h, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2689: jm_AC_HEADER_INTTYPES_H is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3990: jm_AC_TYPE_UINTMAX_T is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -849,20 +849,20 @@ aclocal.m4:2689: jm_AC_HEADER_INTTYPES_H is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3990: jm_AC_TYPE_UINTMAX_T is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX], [/* Define if exists, doesn\'t clash with , and +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX], [/* Define if exists, doesn\'t clash with , and declares uintmax_t. */ #undef HAVE_INTTYPES_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([syntax], [AC_CACHE_VAL(jm_ac_cv_header_stdint_h, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([syntax], [AC_CACHE_VAL(jm_ac_cv_header_stdint_h, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3960: jm_AC_HEADER_STDINT_H is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3990: jm_AC_TYPE_UINTMAX_T is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -871,13 +871,13 @@ aclocal.m4:3960: jm_AC_HEADER_STDINT_H is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3990: jm_AC_TYPE_UINTMAX_T is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX], [/* Define if exists, doesn\'t clash with , and declares +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX], [/* Define if exists, doesn\'t clash with , and declares uintmax_t. */ #undef HAVE_STDINT_H_WITH_UINTMAX]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -886,21 +886,21 @@ aclocal.m4:4017: jm_AC_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG is expanded from... aclocal.m4:3990: jm_AC_TYPE_UINTMAX_T is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG], [/* Define if you have the unsigned long long type. */ +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG], [/* Define if you have the unsigned long long type. */ #undef HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^uintmax_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([uintmax_t], [/* Define to unsigned long or unsigned long long if and +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^uintmax_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([uintmax_t], [/* Define to unsigned long or unsigned long long if and don\'t define. */ #undef uintmax_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UINTMAX_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UINTMAX_T$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UINTMAX_T], [/* Define if you have the \'uintmax_t\' type in or . */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UINTMAX_T]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UINTMAX_T$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UINTMAX_T], [/* Define if you have the \'uintmax_t\' type in or . */ #undef HAVE_UINTMAX_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -908,12 +908,12 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE aclocal.m4:2662: gt_HEADER_INTTYPES_H is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_INTTYPES_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_INTTYPES_H$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_INTTYPES_H], [/* Define if exists and doesn\'t clash with . */ +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_INTTYPES_H]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_INTTYPES_H$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_INTTYPES_H], [/* Define if exists and doesn\'t clash with . */ #undef HAVE_INTTYPES_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -921,78 +921,78 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE aclocal.m4:2717: gt_INTTYPES_PRI is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PRI_MACROS_BROKEN]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PRI_MACROS_BROKEN$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([PRI_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define if exists and defines unusable PRI* macros. */ +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PRI_MACROS_BROKEN]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PRI_MACROS_BROKEN$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([PRI_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define if exists and defines unusable PRI* macros. */ #undef PRI_MACROS_BROKEN]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ARGZ_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ARGZ_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_ARGZ_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LIMITS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LIMITS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_LIMITS_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_LOCALE_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NL_TYPES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NL_TYPES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_NL_TYPES_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MALLOC_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MALLOC_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_MALLOC_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDDEF_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDDEF_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDDEF_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDLIB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDLIB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDLIB_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRING_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRING_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STRING_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNISTD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_UNISTD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_UNISTD_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_FEOF_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `feof_unlocked\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_FEOF_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `feof_unlocked\' function. */ #undef HAVE_FEOF_UNLOCKED]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_FGETS_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `fgets_unlocked\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_FGETS_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `fgets_unlocked\' function. */ #undef HAVE_FGETS_UNLOCKED]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETC_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getc_unlocked\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETC_UNLOCKED], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getc_unlocked\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETC_UNLOCKED]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETCWD], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getcwd\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETCWD], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getcwd\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETCWD]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETEGID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getegid\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETEGID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getegid\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETEGID]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETEUID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `geteuid\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETEUID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `geteuid\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETEUID]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETGID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getgid\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETGID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getgid\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETGID]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETUID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getuid\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GETUID], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `getuid\' function. */ #undef HAVE_GETUID]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MEMPCPY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `mempcpy\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MEMPCPY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `mempcpy\' function. */ #undef HAVE_MEMPCPY]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MUNMAP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `munmap\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MUNMAP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `munmap\' function. */ #undef HAVE_MUNMAP]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_PUTENV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `putenv\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_PUTENV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `putenv\' function. */ #undef HAVE_PUTENV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SETENV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `setenv\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SETENV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `setenv\' function. */ #undef HAVE_SETENV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SETLOCALE], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `setlocale\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SETLOCALE], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `setlocale\' function. */ #undef HAVE_SETLOCALE]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALECONV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `localeconv\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALECONV], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `localeconv\' function. */ #undef HAVE_LOCALECONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STPCPY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `stpcpy\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STPCPY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `stpcpy\' function. */ #undef HAVE_STPCPY]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRCASECMP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strcasecmp\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRCASECMP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strcasecmp\' function. */ #undef HAVE_STRCASECMP]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRDUP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strdup\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRDUP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strdup\' function. */ #undef HAVE_STRDUP]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRTOUL], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strtoul\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRTOUL], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strtoul\' function. */ #undef HAVE_STRTOUL]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TSEARCH], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `tsearch\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TSEARCH], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `tsearch\' function. */ #undef HAVE_TSEARCH]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_COUNT], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_count\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_COUNT], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_count\' function. */ #undef HAVE___ARGZ_COUNT]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_STRINGIFY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_stringify\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_STRINGIFY], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_stringify\' function. */ #undef HAVE___ARGZ_STRINGIFY]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_NEXT], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_next\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___ARGZ_NEXT], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__argz_next\' function. */ #undef HAVE___ARGZ_NEXT]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___FSETLOCKING], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__fsetlocking\' function. */ +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE___FSETLOCKING], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `__fsetlocking\' function. */ #undef HAVE___FSETLOCKING]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -1001,8 +1001,8 @@ aclocal.m4:2495: AM_ICONV_LINK is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2550: AM_ICONV is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... @@ -1011,30 +1011,30 @@ aclocal.m4:2495: AM_ICONV_LINK is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2550: AM_ICONV is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from... aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from... -configure.in:651: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_ICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_ICONV$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ICONV], [/* Define if you have the iconv() function. */ +configure.in:654: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_ICONV]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_ICONV$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ICONV], [/* Define if you have the iconv() function. */ #undef HAVE_ICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST([LIBICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIBICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIBICONV$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBICONV]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LTLIBICONV$]) -m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST([LIBICONV]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIBICONV]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIBICONV$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBICONV]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBICONV]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LTLIBICONV$]) +m4trace:configure.in:654: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. 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AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MEMORY_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MEMORY_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_MEMORY_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_LOCALE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_LOCALE_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMCAP_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMCAP_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_TERMCAP_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMIO_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMIO_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_TERMIO_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMIOS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TERMIOS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_TERMIOS_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_DLFCN_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_DLFCN_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_DLFCN_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDDEF_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDDEF_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDDEF_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDINT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STDINT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STDINT_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NETDB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NETDB_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_NETDB_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_PWD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_PWD_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_PWD_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GRP_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_GRP_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_GRP_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRINGS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRINGS_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_STRINGS_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_REGEX_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_REGEX_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_REGEX_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYSLOG_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYSLOG_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYSLOG_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:659: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ULIMIT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:662: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ULIMIT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_ULIMIT_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PTE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PTE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_PTE_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_FILE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_FILE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_STAT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_STAT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TIME_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TIME_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:663: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NETINET_IN_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:669: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_NETINET_IN_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:666: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ARPA_INET_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ +m4trace:configure.in:669: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_ARPA_INET_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the header file. */ #undef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H]) -m4trace:configure.in:677: -1- 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AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits16_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits16_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits16_t], [/* Define to `unsigned short\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits16_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits16_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits16_t], [/* Define to `unsigned short\' if does not define. */ #undef u_bits16_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits16_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits16_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits16_t], [/* Define to `unsigned char\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits16_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits16_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits16_t], [/* Define to `unsigned char\' if does not define. */ #undef u_bits16_t]) 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AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if does not define. */ #undef u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned long\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned long\' if does not define. */ #undef u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:864: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^u_bits32_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if does not define. */ #undef u_bits32_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `char *\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `char *\' if does not define. */ #undef bits64_t]) 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AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long\' if does not define. */ #undef bits64_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if does not define. */ +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^bits64_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:868: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if does not define. */ #undef bits64_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t]) 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m4_pattern_allow([^STAT_MACROS_BROKEN$]) -m4trace:configure.in:870: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define to 1 if the `S_IS*\' macros in do not work properly. */ +m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN]) +m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STAT_MACROS_BROKEN$]) +m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define to 1 if the `S_IS*\' macros in do not work properly. */ #undef STAT_MACROS_BROKEN]) -m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC]) -m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC$]) -m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC]) +m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC$]) +m4trace:configure.in:883: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. 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You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1894: BASH_FUNC_CTYPE_NONASCII is expanded from... -configure.in:884: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:884: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CTYPE_NON_ASCII]) -m4trace:configure.in:884: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^CTYPE_NON_ASCII$]) -m4trace:configure.in:885: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +configure.in:887: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CTYPE_NON_ASCII]) +m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^CTYPE_NON_ASCII$]) +m4trace:configure.in:888: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:270: BASH_FUNC_DUP2_CLOEXEC_CHECK is expanded from... -configure.in:885: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:885: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DUP2_BROKEN]) -m4trace:configure.in:885: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DUP2_BROKEN$]) -m4trace:configure.in:886: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +configure.in:888: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:888: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DUP2_BROKEN]) +m4trace:configure.in:888: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DUP2_BROKEN$]) +m4trace:configure.in:889: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1235: BASH_SYS_PGRP_SYNC is expanded from... -configure.in:886: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:886: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE]) -m4trace:configure.in:886: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PGRP_PIPE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +configure.in:889: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:889: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE]) +m4trace:configure.in:889: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PGRP_PIPE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1195: BASH_SYS_SIGNAL_VINTAGE is expanded from... -configure.in:887: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +configure.in:890: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2518: AC_LINK_IFELSE is expanded from... @@ -2054,8 +2054,8 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1195: BASH_SYS_SIGNAL_VINTAGE is expanded from... -configure.in:887: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +configure.in:890: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2518: AC_LINK_IFELSE is expanded from... @@ -2066,77 +2066,77 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1195: BASH_SYS_SIGNAL_VINTAGE is expanded from... -configure.in:887: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD]) -m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD$]) -m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. +configure.in:890: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD]) +m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD$]) +m4trace:configure.in:893: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:253: BASH_SYS_ERRLIST is expanded from... -configure.in:890: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST]) -m4trace:configure.in:890: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST$]) -m4trace:configure.in:891: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +configure.in:893: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:893: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST]) +m4trace:configure.in:893: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST$]) +m4trace:configure.in:894: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:211: BASH_SYS_SIGLIST is expanded from... -configure.in:891: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:891: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST]) -m4trace:configure.in:891: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST$]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:894: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:894: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST]) +m4trace:configure.in:894: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST$]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:167: BASH_DECL_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST is expanded from... aclocal.m4:184: BASH_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST is expanded from... -configure.in:892: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED$]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +configure.in:895: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED$]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:184: BASH_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST is expanded from... -configure.in:892: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST]) -m4trace:configure.in:892: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST$]) -m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:895: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST]) +m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST$]) +m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:366: BASH_TYPE_SIGHANDLER is expanded from... -configure.in:895: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([VOID_SIGHANDLER]) -m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^VOID_SIGHANDLER$]) -m4trace:configure.in:896: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([clock_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:896: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^clock_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:897: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([sigset_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:897: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^sigset_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_QUAD_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_QUAD_T$]) -m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([quad_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^quad_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:899: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([intmax_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:899: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^intmax_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:900: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:900: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^uintmax_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SOCKLEN_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SOCKLEN_T$]) -m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([socklen_t]) -m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^socklen_t$]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:898: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([VOID_SIGHANDLER]) +m4trace:configure.in:898: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^VOID_SIGHANDLER$]) +m4trace:configure.in:899: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([clock_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:899: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^clock_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:900: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([sigset_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:900: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^sigset_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:901: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_QUAD_T]) +m4trace:configure.in:901: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_QUAD_T$]) +m4trace:configure.in:901: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([quad_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:901: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^quad_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([intmax_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:902: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^intmax_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:903: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:903: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^uintmax_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:905: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SOCKLEN_T]) +m4trace:configure.in:905: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SOCKLEN_T$]) +m4trace:configure.in:905: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([socklen_t]) +m4trace:configure.in:905: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^socklen_t$]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:507: BASH_TYPE_RLIMIT is expanded from... -configure.in:904: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. +configure.in:907: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_RUN' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2462: AC_COMPILE_IFELSE is expanded from... @@ -2144,50 +2144,50 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:507: BASH_TYPE_RLIMIT is expanded from... -configure.in:904: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RLIMTYPE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE]) -m4trace:configure.in:904: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RLIMTYPE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:906: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SIZEOF_INTMAX_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:906: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SIZEOF_INTMAX_T$]) -m4trace:configure.in:906: -1- AH_OUTPUT([SIZEOF_INTMAX_T], [/* The size of `intmax_t\', as computed by sizeof. */ +configure.in:907: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RLIMTYPE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE]) +m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RLIMTYPE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:909: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SIZEOF_INTMAX_T]) +m4trace:configure.in:909: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SIZEOF_INTMAX_T$]) +m4trace:configure.in:909: -1- AH_OUTPUT([SIZEOF_INTMAX_T], [/* The size of `intmax_t\', as computed by sizeof. */ #undef SIZEOF_INTMAX_T]) -m4trace:configure.in:909: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIOS_LDISC]) -m4trace:configure.in:909: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMIOS_LDISC$]) -m4trace:configure.in:910: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIO_LDISC]) -m4trace:configure.in:910: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMIO_LDISC$]) -m4trace:configure.in:911: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +m4trace:configure.in:912: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIOS_LDISC]) +m4trace:configure.in:912: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMIOS_LDISC$]) +m4trace:configure.in:913: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIO_LDISC]) +m4trace:configure.in:913: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMIO_LDISC$]) +m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1042: BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO is expanded from... -configure.in:911: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:911: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO]) -m4trace:configure.in:911: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO$]) -m4trace:configure.in:912: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:914: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO]) +m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO$]) +m4trace:configure.in:915: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1075: BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO is expanded from... -configure.in:912: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:912: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO]) -m4trace:configure.in:912: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO$]) -m4trace:configure.in:913: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:915: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:915: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO]) +m4trace:configure.in:915: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO$]) +m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1108: BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN is expanded from... -configure.in:913: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:913: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN]) -m4trace:configure.in:913: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN$]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:916: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN]) +m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN$]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1173: BASH_STRUCT_WINSIZE is expanded from... -configure.in:914: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. +configure.in:917: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_COMPILE' is obsolete. You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE is expanded from... ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2462: AC_COMPILE_IFELSE is expanded from... @@ -2195,255 +2195,255 @@ You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2470: AC_TRY_COMPILE ../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from... ../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from... aclocal.m4:1173: BASH_STRUCT_WINSIZE is expanded from... -configure.in:914: the top level]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL$]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS]) -m4trace:configure.in:914: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:915: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TIMEVAL]) -m4trace:configure.in:915: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_TIMEVAL$]) -m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS]) -m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:916: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS], [/* Define to 1 if `st_blocks\' is member of `struct stat\'. */ +configure.in:917: the top level]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL$]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS]) +m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TIMEVAL]) +m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_TIMEVAL$]) +m4trace:configure.in:919: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS]) +m4trace:configure.in:919: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:919: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS], [/* Define to 1 if `st_blocks\' is member of `struct stat\'. */ #undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS]) -m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TM_IN_SYS_TIME]) -m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TM_IN_SYS_TIME$]) -m4trace:configure.in:917: -1- AH_OUTPUT([TM_IN_SYS_TIME], [/* Define to 1 if your declares `struct tm\'. */ +m4trace:configure.in:920: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TM_IN_SYS_TIME]) +m4trace:configure.in:920: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TM_IN_SYS_TIME$]) +m4trace:configure.in:920: -1- AH_OUTPUT([TM_IN_SYS_TIME], [/* Define to 1 if your declares `struct tm\'. */ #undef TM_IN_SYS_TIME]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if `tm_zone\' is member of `struct tm\'. */ +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE]) +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if `tm_zone\' is member of `struct tm\'. */ #undef HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TM_ZONE]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_TM_ZONE$]) -m4trace:configure.in:918: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if your `struct tm\' has `tm_zone\'. Deprecated, use +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TM_ZONE]) +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_TM_ZONE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:921: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if your `struct tm\' has `tm_zone\'. 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AC_SUBST_TRACE([TERMCAP_LIB]) +m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMCAP_LIB$]) +m4trace:configure.in:987: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_DEP]) +m4trace:configure.in:987: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([TERMCAP_DEP]) +m4trace:configure.in:987: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMCAP_DEP$]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_FD$]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEV_FD_PREFIX$]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_FD$]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX]) +m4trace:configure.in:989: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEV_FD_PREFIX$]) +m4trace:configure.in:990: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_STDIN]) +m4trace:configure.in:990: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_STDIN$]) +m4trace:configure.in:991: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY]) +m4trace:configure.in:991: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY$]) +m4trace:configure.in:998: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL]) +m4trace:configure.in:998: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^JOB_CONTROL$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1004: -1- AC_SUBST([JOBS_O]) +m4trace:configure.in:1004: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([JOBS_O]) +m4trace:configure.in:1004: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^JOBS_O$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1017: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4_2]) +m4trace:configure.in:1017: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4_2$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1018: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4]) +m4trace:configure.in:1018: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1019: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4]) +m4trace:configure.in:1019: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1020: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR5]) +m4trace:configure.in:1020: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR5$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1039: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE]) +m4trace:configure.in:1039: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PGRP_PIPE$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CC]) +m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_CC]) +m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_CC$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_CFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_CFLAGS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LD]) +m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_LD]) +m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LD$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LDFLAGS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1090: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1090: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1090: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS$]) 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AC_SUBST_TRACE([datarootdir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^datarootdir$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- AC_SUBST([localedir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([localedir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^localedir$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- AC_SUBST([YACC]) +m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([YACC]) +m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^YACC$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST([AR]) +m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([AR]) +m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^AR$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST([ARFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([ARFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^ARFLAGS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST([BASHVERS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([BASHVERS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^BASHVERS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- AC_SUBST([RELSTATUS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([RELSTATUS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RELSTATUS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST([DEBUG]) +m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([DEBUG]) +m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEBUG$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- AC_SUBST([MALLOC_DEBUG]) +m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([MALLOC_DEBUG]) +m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^MALLOC_DEBUG$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- AC_SUBST([host_cpu]) +m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_cpu]) +m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_cpu$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST([host_vendor]) +m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_vendor]) +m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_vendor$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST([host_os]) +m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_os]) +m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_os$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LIBS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LIBS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LIBS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1147: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_CFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1147: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_CFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1147: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_CFLAGS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1148: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1148: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LDFLAGS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1148: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LDFLAGS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_DEFS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_DEFS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_DEFS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \ lib/intl/Makefile \ lib/malloc/Makefile lib/sh/Makefile lib/termcap/Makefile \ lib/tilde/Makefile doc/Makefile support/Makefile po/Makefile.in \ examples/loadables/Makefile examples/loadables/perl/Makefile]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [AC_OUTPUT should be used without arguments. +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [AC_OUTPUT should be used without arguments. You should run autoupdate.], []) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIB@&t@OBJS]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIB@&t@OBJS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBOBJS], [$ac_ltlibobjs]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBOBJS]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LTLIBOBJS$]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_builddir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_build_prefix]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([srcdir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_srcdir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_srcdir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_srcdir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([builddir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_builddir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_builddir]) -m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([INSTALL]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIB@&t@OBJS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIB@&t@OBJS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBOBJS], [$ac_ltlibobjs]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBOBJS]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LTLIBOBJS$]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_builddir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_build_prefix]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([srcdir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_srcdir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_srcdir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_srcdir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([builddir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_builddir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_builddir]) +m4trace:configure.in:1154: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([INSTALL]) diff --git a/builtins/complete.def b/builtins/complete.def index 44c12f7d7..8d4ec3cd5 100644 --- a/builtins/complete.def +++ b/builtins/complete.def @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static const struct _compacts { { "export", CA_EXPORT, 'e' }, { "file", CA_FILE, 'f' }, { "function", CA_FUNCTION, 0 }, - { "helptopic", CA_BUILTIN, 0 }, /* for now */ + { "helptopic", CA_HELPTOPIC, 0 }, { "hostname", CA_HOSTNAME, 0 }, { "group", CA_GROUP, 'g' }, { "job", CA_JOB, 'j' }, diff --git a/builtins/echo.def b/builtins/echo.def index 62c61994a..f535ef48d 100644 --- a/builtins/echo.def +++ b/builtins/echo.def @@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ $DEPENDS_ON V9_ECHO $SHORT_DOC echo [-neE] [arg ...] Write arguments to the standard output. -Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline. +Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a +newline, on the standard output. Options: -n do not append a newline diff --git a/builtins/wait.def b/builtins/wait.def index 0206926f3..846b7bf7a 100644 --- a/builtins/wait.def +++ b/builtins/wait.def @@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ $BUILTIN wait $FUNCTION wait_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $PRODUCES wait.c -$SHORT_DOC wait [id] +$SHORT_DOC wait [id ...] Wait for job completion and return exit status. -Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a +Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes -in the job's pipeline. +in that job's pipeline. Exit Status: -Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is -given. +Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid +option is given. $END $BUILTIN wait diff --git a/config-top.h b/config-top.h index 147d4f4f7..8c651f4b6 100644 --- a/config-top.h +++ b/config-top.h @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ /* The default value of the PATH variable. */ #ifndef DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE #define DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE \ - "/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:." + "/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:." #endif /* The value for PATH when invoking `command -p'. This is only used when diff --git a/configure b/configure index 98fa316ab..dbab22f8b 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ #! /bin/sh -# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.038. +# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.039. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. # Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-maint. # @@ -5033,6 +5033,9 @@ if test "$opt_profiling" = "yes"; then fi if test "$opt_static_link" = yes; then + enable_static=yes + enable_shared=no + enable_rpath=no # if we're using gcc, add `-static' to LDFLAGS, except on Solaris >= 2 if test -n "$GCC" || test "$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu" = "yes"; then STATIC_LD="-static" diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in index b5d03c592..4f5e58bc9 100644 --- a/configure.in +++ b/configure.in @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . -AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.038])dnl +AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.039])dnl define(bashvers, 4.2) define(relstatus, maint) @@ -461,6 +461,9 @@ if test "$opt_profiling" = "yes"; then fi if test "$opt_static_link" = yes; then + enable_static=yes + enable_shared=no + enable_rpath=no # if we're using gcc, add `-static' to LDFLAGS, except on Solaris >= 2 if test -n "$GCC" || test "$ac_cv_prog_gcc" = "yes"; then STATIC_LD="-static" diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 55f73cc17..b7cfc7920 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -780,142 +780,143 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment - is spawned. The initial value is 0. + Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment + when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- + tial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[2]] The patch level. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[3]] The build version. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur- rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as described above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file - descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- - tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta- + tus. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in - BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For - instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the - current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect - and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect + and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" @@ -923,246 +924,246 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant file name. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in + pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, - the command history is not saved when an interactive shell + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain - no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain + no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below). The default value is 500. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the - arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. + A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file - may be specified by separating the file name from the message + may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- - tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent + BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- + tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is - set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1170,187 +1171,189 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no - timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no + timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is - interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after - issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after + issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including - arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary strings. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as - an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t - evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one - greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to - the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed - array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree - --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. + an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and - rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. + rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket - and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional - brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other- + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket + and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional + brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other- wise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax introduced above. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript - is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. - - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript + is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. If the + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to + a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than + the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last ele- + ment of the array). + + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to - avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, - where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to + avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, + where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. - The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- - ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done + The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- + ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive. Note that both - _x and _y must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it - is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is + _x and _y must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it + is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1360,36 +1363,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1397,176 +1400,176 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), a - level of variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), a + level of variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the vari- able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest - of the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This - is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expan- - sions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation - point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce + of the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This + is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expan- + sions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation + point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If - _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If + _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- ing at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are - arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). If - _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used - as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h + arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). If + _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used + as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not @@ and - not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an + not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a num- - ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between - the two offsets. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h posi- - tional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an - indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the + ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between + the two offsets. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h posi- + tional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an + indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the max- - imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied + imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one - space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring - indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are - used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If - _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is pre- + space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring + indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are + used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If + _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is pre- fixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- tuted is the number of elements in the array. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the sub- - stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- - duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator - converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, - operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The - ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^^ operator + converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, + operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The + ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1578,162 +1581,162 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d`` BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com- - mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any + mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they - may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt + may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion, - command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be + command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes - (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form - of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes + (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form + of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd. The name of this file - is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the - expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- - vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as + is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the + expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- + vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If IIFFSS - is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the default, - then sequences of <>, <>, and <> at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any - sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to - delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then + is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the default, + then sequences of <>, <>, and <> at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any + sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to + delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and ttaabb are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters - is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no - values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within + values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no - matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not - enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, - and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell - option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed - and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- - betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the - character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a - slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is - set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be - matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not - treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no + matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not + enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, + and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell + option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed + and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the + character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a + slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is + set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be + matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not + treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- gglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. The file names ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always - ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell + ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- + NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other file names beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To - get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', - make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is + get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', + make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that sorts between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that sorts between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if - set. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or + set. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by includ- ing it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1751,55 +1754,55 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may - also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may + also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may follow a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or - <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file + file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. If >&- or + <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan- - sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it + sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -1809,22 +1812,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -1832,27 +1835,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -1861,11 +1864,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -1877,10 +1880,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 + (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -1891,10 +1895,12 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>>>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 + (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). + HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -1903,18 +1909,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or + No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any characters in _w_o_r_d are - quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the - lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all - lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the - character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote + quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the + lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all + lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- + mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the + character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -1922,8 +1928,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN <<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d is expanded as described above, with the exception that path- - name expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string to the + The _w_o_r_d is expanded as described above, with the exception that path- + name expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string to the command on its standard input. DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -1932,20 +1938,20 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. @@ -1954,7 +1960,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -1962,7 +1968,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -1970,117 +1976,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not - available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always - put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- + available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always + put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- pound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2108,46 +2114,46 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and - uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and + uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2186,27 +2192,27 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2216,7 +2222,7 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt command for POSIX conformance. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 !!== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 @@ -2229,106 +2235,106 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2336,242 +2342,242 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the - full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- ronment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands - are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell + are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2581,7 +2587,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2590,8 +2596,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2600,66 +2606,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2667,19 +2673,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro - and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2690,15 +2696,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2706,7 +2712,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2717,7 +2723,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2727,20 +2733,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2750,190 +2756,190 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against the both full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -2948,51 +2954,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3008,17 +3014,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3026,136 +3032,136 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to - extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had + extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See - HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. + HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) - Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of - the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last + Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of + the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3164,31 +3170,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3197,65 +3203,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3264,213 +3270,213 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) - Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. + Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- grammable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being - completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the - third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. No filtering of the generated completions - against the word being completed is performed; the function or command + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being + completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the + third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. No filtering of the generated completions + against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- ing the pattern will be removed. @@ -3478,44 +3484,44 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -3526,135 +3532,135 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- - tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the - preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed - depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- - active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- + tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the + preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed + depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- + active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- tory list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the lines - are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- - written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, - the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, time + are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- + written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, + the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment - character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other his- tory lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to - contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, + contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no truncation is performed. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) @@ -3664,17 +3670,17 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN $$ The last argument. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head. @@ -3683,74 +3689,74 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options + options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, bbrreeaakk, ccoonnttiinnuuee, lleett, - and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- - out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not - specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as + and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- + out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not + specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpretation. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, file - names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- + _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVV] @@ -3759,28 +3765,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3792,157 +3798,157 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the - default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for - the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in - CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in - CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If - _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP - option says to use the physical directory structure instead of - following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the + default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for + the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in + CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in + CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If + _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP + option says to use the physical directory structure instead of + following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current + lowed. If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc- cessful directory change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. - An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty - directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- + An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non-empty + directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argu- ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path- - name of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + name of the new working directory is written to the standard + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3950,7 +3956,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3959,17 +3965,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -3978,173 +3984,173 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the + remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is - supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes - and values of all variables having the attributes specified by - the additional options. If no other options are supplied with - --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell - variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell + supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes + and values of all variables having the attributes specified by + the additional options. If no other options are supplied with + --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell + variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi- - nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If - the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source + nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If + the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are dis- played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces - variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even - when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in - all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict - output to variables with the specified attribute or to give + variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even + when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in + all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict + output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, makes each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied, If a variable name is followed - by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The - return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an - attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an - attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an - attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without - using the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of + by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The + return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an + attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an + attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an + attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without + using the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made - to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt - is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an + to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt + is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccllppvv]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format + --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of - active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nor --rr - is supplied, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If + Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of + active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nor --rr + is supplied, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta- - ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither - the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. + ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither + the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark - all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts - operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- + all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts + operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- _s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If --nn is specified, the trailing - newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- - tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. - The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- - acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. - The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine - whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. - eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo + newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- + tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. + The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- + acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. + The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine + whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. + eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4157,190 +4163,190 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are - exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the - export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable - name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to - _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are + exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the + export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable + name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to + _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t - to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may - be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning - with that string) or as a number (an index into the history + Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t + to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may + be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning + with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur- rent command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the - current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the + current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not spec- - ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for + ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is - ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is + ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com- mand. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4357,44 +4363,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4403,195 +4409,195 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing newline from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, - backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal + backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits). - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be - used to remove any special meaning for the next character read - and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be + used to remove any special meaning for the next character read + and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- lowing meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4599,134 +4605,134 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than - waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim- + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- - _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion - following the decimal point. This option is only effec- - tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or - other special file; it has no effect when reading from - regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if - input is available on the specified file descriptor, - failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- + _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion + following the decimal point. This option is only effec- + tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or + other special file; it has no effect when reading from + regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if + input is available on the specified file descriptor, + failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is - greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is + greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. - If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command - executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but - during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it + Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. + If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command + executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but + during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either - _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the - script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a - function and not during execution of a script by .., the return + _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the + script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a + function and not during execution of a script by .., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is - executed before execution resumes after the function or script. + executed before execution resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in - parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of - a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in + parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of + a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not - exit if the command that fails is part of the command - list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved - words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list - except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any - command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's - return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, + exit if the command that fails is part of the command + list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved + words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list + except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any + command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's + return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- - cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- - taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- + cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- + taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- tion. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4734,10 +4740,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -4751,8 +4757,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4767,302 +4773,302 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav- ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set- table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not - each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a - form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- + each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a + form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec- - tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled + tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator. ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. - Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and - _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators. + Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and + _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a command list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5070,50 +5076,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be - a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries - described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be + a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries + described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5130,63 +5136,63 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- @@ -5194,53 +5200,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim- ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following - conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command - is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or - uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a - command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return - value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions + conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command + is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or + uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a + command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return + value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5249,11 +5255,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5262,65 +5268,65 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --TT The maximum number of threads If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, - LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they - lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, + LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they + lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -5329,16 +5335,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -5347,10 +5353,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -5360,14 +5366,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE _s_h(1), _k_s_h(1), _c_s_h(1) _e_m_a_c_s(1), _v_i(1) @@ -5383,7 +5389,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -5397,14 +5403,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -5415,7 +5421,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -5432,10 +5438,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -5444,4 +5450,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash-4.2 2010 December 28 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.2 2011 April 11 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 6d56c1959..a5e62a2d7 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@po.cwru.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Mar 24 10:21:02 EDT 2011 +.\" Last Change: Mon Apr 11 16:56:54 EDT 2011 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2011 March 24" "GNU Bash-4.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2011 April 11" "GNU Bash 4.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ The format for a coprocess is: .RE .PP This creates a coprocess named \fINAME\fP. -If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fICOPROC\fP. +If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fBCOPROC\fP. \fINAME\fP must not be supplied if \fIcommand\fP is a \fIsimple command\fP (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word of the simple command. @@ -2164,8 +2164,8 @@ The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs .BR bash . A common value is -.if t \f(CW/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin\fP. -.if n ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''. +.if t \f(CW/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin\fP. +.if n ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''. .TP .B POSIXLY_CORRECT If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell @@ -3529,6 +3529,7 @@ This is semantically equivalent to \fB>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1 .RE .PP +(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below). .SS Appending Standard Output and Standard Error .PP This construct allows both the @@ -3549,6 +3550,8 @@ This is semantically equivalent to .PP \fB>>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1 .RE +.PP +(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below). .SS Here Documents .PP This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the @@ -7331,7 +7334,7 @@ does not specify a valid job. .TP \fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] Output the \fIarg\fPs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. -The return status is always 0. +The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If \fB\-n\fP is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the \fB\-e\fP option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The @@ -8520,9 +8523,10 @@ by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see .SM .B JOB CONTROL -above). Background processes run in a separate process -group and a line containing their exit status is printed -upon their completion. +above). +All processes run in a separate process group. +When a background job completes, the shell prints a line +containing its exit status. .TP 8 .B \-n Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 2fa8e530d..38a3f1688 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2010 December 28BASH(1) +BASH(1)2011 April 11BASH(1)

Index @@ -1895,7 +1895,8 @@ The shell function
BASH_SUBSHELL
-Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. +Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when +the shell begins executing in that environment. The initial value is 0.
BASH_VERSINFO @@ -3022,12 +3023,6 @@ using the syntax name[subscript]=value. The subscript is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. -If -subscript - -evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as -an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript -of -1 refers to the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed array, use declare -a name @@ -3104,6 +3099,13 @@ ${name[subscript]}. If subscript is * or @, the expansion is the number of elements in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. +If the +subscript + +used to reference an element of an indexed array +evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as +an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript +of -1 refers to the last element of the array).

An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a @@ -4524,6 +4526,7 @@ This is semantically equivalent to

+(see Duplicating File Descriptors below).  

Appending Standard Output and Standard Error

@@ -4554,6 +4557,9 @@ This is semantically equivalent to >>word 2>&1 +

+ +(see Duplicating File Descriptors below).  

Here Documents

@@ -12702,7 +12708,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash-4.22010 December 28BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.22011 April 11BASH(1)
@@ -12808,6 +12814,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 09 March 2011 17:05:44 EST +Time: 11 April 2011 17:01:53 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 34ecb21b6..3c943a15c 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index d4de66622..d0c7a1068 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Wed Mar 9 17:05:39 2011 +%%CreationDate: Mon Apr 11 16:57:06 2011 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F22.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(1)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(1)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -451,8 +451,8 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) (if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G -(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(2)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 +768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(2)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -580,8 +580,8 @@ F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C -(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(3)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(3)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -700,8 +700,8 @@ A({)108 703.2 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 (\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(4)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(4)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -825,8 +825,8 @@ E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F (cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F (follo)144 721.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F4(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(5)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(5)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 722.4 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) 5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F -.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(6)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +.163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.663 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(6)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1116,8 +1116,8 @@ F3(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 (double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 (ceding it with a backslash.)108 724.8 R .082(If enabled, history e) 5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.582 E F0 -.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(7)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +.082(appearing in double)5.082 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11) +146.785 E(7)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@ F -.25(va)-.25 G .36(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .36 (xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 720 S(riable').25 E 2.888 (sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389(+= is applied to an array v) -2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(8)190.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(8)200.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1350,8 +1350,8 @@ F2(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F1(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977(ft) -.4 E(when)144 684 Q F1(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell opti\ on in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 696 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(9)190.955 E -0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(9)200.945 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1442,11 +1442,12 @@ shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 576 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 588 Q F1(${B)2.5 E (ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E (ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 -(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 612 R .401 -(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. 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The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 708 Q F1(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 @@ -2263,8 +2265,8 @@ E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E (script)108 720 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 (en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F 1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(unset)6.204 -E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 -E(17)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +E F2(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E +(17)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2400,8 +2402,8 @@ G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 657.6 Q(cho)144 669.6 Q 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 722.4 Q F0 .515 (appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 (ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 +768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(18)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2523,7 +2525,7 @@ E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 700.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(19)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(19)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2664,8 +2666,8 @@ S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 720 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(20)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(20)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2784,8 +2786,8 @@ F(on the results.)108 662.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 679.2 Q F0 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 703.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 720 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +144 720 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 +768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(21)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2933,8 +2935,8 @@ so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) .457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E F3(.)A F0(The) 4.957 E F4(dotglob)2.956 E F0 .456(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 703.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 720 S -(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(22)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(22)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3040,8 +3042,8 @@ close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) -2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\ t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\ - by a w)108 730.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP + by a w)108 730.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(23)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3134,8 +3136,8 @@ F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 (If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C .154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(24)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3174,1306 +3176,1310 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 314.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 331.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 352.8 S +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 348 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 364.8 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 364.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 376.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -376.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +388.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -393.6 Q F2(&>>)144 410.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 427.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(>>)144 444 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 -460.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ -nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 472.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 484.8 Q F0 .614 +405.6 Q F2(&>>)144 422.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 439.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 456 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +472.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F2(Her)87 489.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ +irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ +l a line containing only)108 501.6 R F1(delimiter)108.35 513.6 Q F0 .614 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input for a command.)108 496.8 Q -(The format of here-documents is:)108 513.6 Q F2(<<)144 530.4 Q F0([)A -F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 542.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 554.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 571.2 R .127 +F(dard input for a command.)108 525.6 Q +(The format of here-documents is:)108 542.4 Q F2(<<)144 559.2 Q F0([)A +F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 571.2 Q(e-document)-.37 E +(delimiter)144 583.2 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 600 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -583.2 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E -F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 +612 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G 1.074 +-.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 (is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) -3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 595.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) +(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 624 R 3.405(xpanded. If) -.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 607.2 R .695 +(subjected to parameter e)108 636 R .695 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 (xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F -(character sequence)108 619.2 Q F2(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) +(character sequence)108 648 Q F2(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) 2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\) 2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 636 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) -C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 648 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G -(his allo)-5 E +(If the redirection operator is)108 664.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 676.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 +(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 664.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 676.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 -(<<<)144 693.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 710.4 Q F1(wor)3.115 E(d) --.37 E F0 .615(is e)3.115 F .615(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.116(,w).15 G .616(ith the e)-3.116 F .616 -(xception that pathname e)-.15 F .616(xpansion is not applied, and)-.15 -F(supplied as a single string to the command on its standard input.)108 -722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(25)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 693.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 705.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2 +(<<<)144 722.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(25)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 -(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +-.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.115 E(d)-.37 E F0 .615 +(is e)3.115 F .615(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.116 +(,w).15 G .616(ith the e)-3.116 F .616(xception that pathname e)-.15 F +.616(xpansion is not applied, and)-.15 F +(supplied as a single string to the command on its standard input.)108 +96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 112.8 Q F0 +(The redirection operator)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 158.4 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -141.6 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +170.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G 2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 .458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q -(The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) -5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 182.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 194.4 Q +(The operator)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 244.8 R +(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)4.198 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.596(as)2.596 G -.096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 -F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G -.536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 -(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) --3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 -(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 -E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) -144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 -(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) -A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 256.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 268.8 R 2.596 +(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, and)2.596 F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) +2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 280.8 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 297.6 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 309.6 Q([)144 326.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&) +A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G +.536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 355.2 Q F1(digit)5 +E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(Similarly)108 372 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 +388.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 405.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit) +2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o) +.24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 417.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 434.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 446.4 Q([)144 463.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +480 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 492 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.173 E -3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 508.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 520.8 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 532.8 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 544.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 528 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(check)108 556.8 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 (If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 568.8 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 552 R 1.12 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 580.8 R 1.12 (replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 592.8 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 576 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 588 R +.296(not e)108 604.8 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 616.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 628.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 645.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 662.4 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22 +108 674.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 691.2 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 703.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -691.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 -(one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 -(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 715.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 -(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 -(another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 -G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +720 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1(wa) +-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11) +146.785 E(26)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 +-.35 E .337(one complete line of input before e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.338(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 96 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(another command does not tak)108 108 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G +1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 120 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(\ -xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ -e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R +132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699 +(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is\ + e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 144 R .494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084 -(tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +(tion are not a)108 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +(rate line, and do not use)108 168 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E +F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 184.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 177.6 S .968 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 201.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 213.6 S .968 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.001(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +1.001(later e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 -201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F +237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 -F .035(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +F .035(shell; no ne)108 249.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .64(function is e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 237.6 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 273.6 R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 (Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 285.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.048(these e)108 278.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +1.048(these e)108 314.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) -.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 (traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 326.4 S(IL) .09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 338.4 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +108 350.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 (traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .655 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 362.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 379.2 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 355.2 Q +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 391.2 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 372 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(The)108 408 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 400.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 436.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 412.8 R 1.012 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 448.8 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 424.8 R +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 436.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 472.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 453.6 R F1 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 489.6 R F1 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 465.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +3.39(mands. The)108 501.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 477.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +.327(\214le and line number)108 513.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G (he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 489.6 R +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 525.6 R 1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 501.6 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +(deleted using the)108 537.6 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) 2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -513.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 525.6 Q +549.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 561.6 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 -(Functions may be recursi)108 542.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +(Functions may be recursi)108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 554.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 590.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 566.4 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 583.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E --1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 595.2 R 2.297 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E +-1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297 (ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E -F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 607.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 +F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 (iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 (\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 655.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G (r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G .428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -631.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 +667.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 643.2 Q -.15 +1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 679.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 660 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 672 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -684 Q F5(id)A F12.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 696 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 708 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 696 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 +(va)144 708 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(27)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(!~)108 84 S F0(logical and bitwise ne) -24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 96 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G -(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 108 S F0(multiplication, di)10.72 E -(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 120 S F0 -(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 132 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 144 Q F0 -(comparison)144 156 Q F1(== !=)108 168 Q F0(equality and inequality) -13.07 E F1(&)108 180 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 192 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)A F1 +2.5 E F2(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 108 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 120 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 132 +Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 144 S F0 +(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 156 +S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 168 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 180 Q F0 +(comparison)144 192 Q F1(== !=)108 204 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F1(&)108 216 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 228 Q F0 (bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -204 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 216 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) -108 228 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 240 S -(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 252 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 264 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 -(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 276 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 288 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 300 Q .68(Shell v)108 316.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +240 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 252 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) +108 264 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F2 -.2(ex)108 276 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2 +(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 288 +Q F1 2.5(=*)108 300 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5 +<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 312 +Q F2 -.2(ex)108 324 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(comma)144 336 Q .68(Shell v)108 352.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F +.68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 328.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 364.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 376.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 388.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 364.8 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 400.8 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) -3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 (ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 376.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 412.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 388.8 Q +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 424.8 Q (xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 405.6 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 441.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 417.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 453.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 (he form [)-2.612 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) 2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 429.6 R F2(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 465.6 R F2(n)3.034 E F0 .534 (is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F2(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .915 -(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 441.6 R .916 +(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 477.6 R .916 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order) -108 453.6 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F2(base)3.171 E F0 .671 +108 489.6 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F2(base)3.171 E F0 .671 (is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.171 F .67 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F -(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 465.6 Q .234(Operators are e) -108 482.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F +(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 501.6 Q .234(Operators are e) +108 518.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F (Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 494.4 S +G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 530.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 511.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 523.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 547.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 559.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) 2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 535.2 R .77 +.77(\214le attrib)108 571.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 547.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 583.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 (\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 559.2 +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 595.2 Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) -.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F2 -(/de)108 571.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(/de)108 607.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 588 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 600 Q -1.095(When used with)108 618 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E +108 624 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 636 Q +1.095(When used with)108 654 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -630 Q F1108 654 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 666 Q F2 +666 Q F1108 690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 702 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 678 Q F2 +2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 714 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 690 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 702 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E -(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 +Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(28)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists.).15 E F1108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G(ue if) +.35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 +G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E +-2.5 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 -E F1108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 +E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 -144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 -156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 -(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 168 Q +192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 +(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 -180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le) +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 228 Q F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 204 Q F2 +(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 240 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 228 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 240 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) +108 276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti) --.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 +-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 264 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 300 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 E -(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 288 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A -F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S .039(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.539 +(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 324 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A +F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S .039(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .038(does not.) -2.538 F F2(\214le1)108 312 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 +2.538 F F2(\214le1)108 348 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 360 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -108 336 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S .262 +108 372 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 384 S .262 (ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.) 2.942 F .262(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 -F F12.763 E F0(option to the)144 360 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 372 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 384 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +F F12.763 E F0(option to the)144 396 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 408 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 420 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -396 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 408 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 420 Q F1108 432 Q F2 -(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 444 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) -2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 460.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 472.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 484.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 +432 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 444 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2 +(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 456 Q F1108 468 Q F2 +(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string) +2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 496.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 508.8 Q F1(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 520.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 (should be used with the)2.5 E F1(test)2.5 E F0 -(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 501.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E -F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 513.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 530.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 542.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +(command for POSIX conformance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 537.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E +F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 549.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 566.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 578.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 559.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 571.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 595.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 607.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -588 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 600 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +624 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 636 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 (ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 612 R -F2(ar)144 624 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 648 R +F2(ar)144 660 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) .15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 (eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.614(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 676.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.614(When a simple command is e)108 688.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 664.8 Q 26(1. The)108 681.6 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 +108 700.8 Q 26(1. The)108 717.6 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 (rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 710.4 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164 -(rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -722.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 729.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 +E(29)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(are the ar)144 84 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 100.8 -R(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 +-.35 E 26(2. The)108 84 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164(rds that are not v).1 F +1.164(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 +F .775(after e)144 96 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775 +(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E +(are the ar)144 108 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 124.8 R +(are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26 -(4. The)108 117.6 R(te)3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10 +(4. The)108 141.6 R(te)3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 (ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 +(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 153.6 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q -.332(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 165.6 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 182.4 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 170.4 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 194.4 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 182.4 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 206.4 R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 194.4 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 211.2 R +(the command e)108 218.4 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 235.2 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 223.2 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 247.2 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 240 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 264 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 252 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 276 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 264 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 288 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 276 Q +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 300 Q (xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 292.8 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 304.8 R .547 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 316.8 Q F0 .546 +(After a command has been split into w)108 328.8 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 316.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 340.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 333.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 357.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +108 369.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F1(FUNCTIONS) 2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 357.6 Q 2.5 +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 381.6 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 374.4 R .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 398.4 R .309 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 386.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 410.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G (TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E +422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 410.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +(search of the directories in)108 434.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) 2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 422.4 R F3(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 434.4 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 446.4 R F3(command_not_f) +3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 458.4 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 (ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 446.4 R .776 +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 470.4 R .776 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F .775(If that function is not)5.775 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 458.4 +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 482.4 Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 475.2 R +e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e) -108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 +108 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 499.2 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 523.2 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 516 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 540 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 528 R/F5 10 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 552 R/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 540 R .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 564 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 552 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 576 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F3(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F1 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 564 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 588 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 580.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +108 604.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 592.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 616.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 604.8 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +108 628.8 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 (gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 616.8 R +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 640.8 R 1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 628.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 645.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 657.6 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 +(command ar)108 652.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 669.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) +108 681.6 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 -674.4 S 1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) +698.4 S 1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) -.4 G 1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F -F3(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 686.4 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 703.2 S -(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,) -A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) --2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F3(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 710.4 S(iltin).2 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(30)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 32.5<8374>108 84 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E -2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 100.8 S(urrent traps set by) --32.5 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 117.6 S .257 -(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +-.35 E 32.5<8374>108 84 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory as set by)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) +-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 +<8374>108 100.8 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F1 +(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) +-2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 117.6 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F1(trap)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8373>108 134.4 S .257(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F +.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 129.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 146.4 S +(in the en)144 146.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 163.2 S (hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 163.2 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 180 S (ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E (ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set)2.5 E -F0 32.5<836f>108 180 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 32.5 -<8373>108 196.8 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -32.5<8376>108 213.6 S +F0 32.5<836f>108 196.8 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +32.5<8373>108 213.6 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F1(alias)2.5 E +F0 32.5<8376>108 230.4 S (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 230.4 R .427 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 247.2 R .427 (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 242.4 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 259.2 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. 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Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 444 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 460.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 456 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 -(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -472.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 472.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +489.6 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 484.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) +108 501.6 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) 2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 501.6 R +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 518.4 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -513.6 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +530.4 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 525.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 542.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 554.4 +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 542.4 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 559.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 571.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) -4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 566.4 Q +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 583.2 Q F0A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 583.2 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 600 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 595.2 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 607.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 612 Q .144(vironme\ +nt and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking i\ +t for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 624 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 619.2 R +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 636 R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 631.2 Q .64 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 648 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 643.2 -R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 -(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 655.2 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -667.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 684 -R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 -.563(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with) -3.833 F .203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 696 R .502 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 708 Q(vironment seen by that command.) --.4 E .81(If the)108 724.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 -(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 -(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81 -(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 660 R +3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58(cuted command consists of the shell') +.15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F +.58(alues may be)-.25 F .301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 672 R +2.801(yp)-.15 G .301(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G +2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he)-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an) +2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and) +2.8 E F1(declar)108 684 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E +.562(The en)108 700.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562 +(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 712.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) +-.25 F(en)108 724.8 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(31)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(the en)108 84 Q +-.35 E .81(If the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 +96 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.397 E F0(in)3.397 E --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.397(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.397 G .897 -(xternal command, the v)-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 +-.4 E(When)108 112.8 Q F1(bash)3.397 E F0(in)3.397 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.397(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.397 G .897(xternal command, the v) +-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 112.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 129.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 141.6 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F --.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 153.6 R .348 -(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .347(alues abo)-.25 F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 -165.6 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G .673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 +(passed to that command in its en)108 124.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 141.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 +(The e)108 153.6 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 +(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 165.6 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 177.6 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G +.673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 -F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 177.6 Q +F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 189.6 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -194.4 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +206.4 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 206.4 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 218.4 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 218.4 Q F3(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F3(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 230.4 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 235.2 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 247.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 247.2 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 264 Q +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 259.2 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 276 Q (ails because of an error during e)-.1 E(xpansion or redirection, the e) --.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.)-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 280.8 R -.08(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F3(true)A F0 2.581 -(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F3 +-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.)-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 292.8 R +.08(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581 +(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2 (false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081 -(rror occurs while)-2.581 F(the)108 292.8 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 +(rror occurs while)-2.581 F(the)108 304.8 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 309.6 Q +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 321.6 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 321.6 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 333.6 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -(SIGN)72 338.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 350.4 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 +(SIGN)72 350.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 362.4 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 (is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) -3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 -362.4 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E +374.4 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,) -5.457 F F1(bash)108 374.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 +5.457 F F1(bash)108 386.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 391.2 +-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 403.2 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 (alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -403.2 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +415.2 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) 2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 415.2 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 427.2 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 427.2 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 439.2 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 444 R 2.046(xits by def) +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 456 R 2.046(xits by def) -.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 456 Q F0 1.004 +(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 468 Q F0 1.004 (to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) 6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) --.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 468 Q +-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 480 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \ from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356 -(jobs table with the)108 480 R F1(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 +(jobs table with the)108 492 R F1(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E 1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357 -(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 492 Q F0(using)2.25 -E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 508.8 R F1 +(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4(SIGHUP)108 504 Q F0(using)2.25 +E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 520.8 R F1 (huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1 (shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP) 2.666 E F0 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(login shell e)108 520.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 537.6 Q F1(bash)3.046 E +(login shell e)108 532.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 549.6 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546 (ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .663 -(will not be e)108 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(will not be e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 561.6 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +(via the)108 573.6 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 573.6 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 585.6 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 590.4 Q(OL)-.329 E F3 -.25 -(Jo)108 602.4 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 602.4 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 +(Jo)108 614.4 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 (refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 614.4 Q -F3 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 +(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 626.4 Q +F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 626.4 Q(ernel')-.1 +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 638.4 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 643.2 R F3(job) +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 655.2 R F2(job) 5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 655.2 R F1 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 667.2 R F1 (jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F3(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 667.2 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 684 Q .241(indicating that this job is job num\ +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F2(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 679.2 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 696 Q .241(indicating that this job is job num\ ber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline assoc\ -iated)108 700.8 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 712.8 R .733 +iated)108 712.8 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 724.8 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 724.8 Q F3(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E(GNU Bash-4.2) -72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(32)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.063 -.8(To f)108 84 T 1.463 -(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.462 +-.35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0 +(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8(To f)108 +100.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.462 (ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87 -(notion of a)108 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)3.37 E .87 -(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871 -(.M)C .871(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 -F .023 +(notion of a)108 112.8 R F1(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871 +(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -108 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +124.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 (board-generated signals such as).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E -(INT)108 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 +(INT)108 136.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 (These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F1(for)3.847 E -.4(eg) -.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) -.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146 -(group ID dif)108 132 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(group ID dif)108 148.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 (board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 144 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 156 R .551 +(ground processes are allo)108 160.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 172.8 R .551 (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F4 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F -.717(terminal are sent a)108 168 R F2 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F(OU\)) --.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 G -.718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 180 Q 1.088 -(If the operating system on which)108 196.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +.717(terminal are sent a)108 184.8 R F2 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 196.8 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 213.6 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) 3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 208.8 S .301(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301 +(Ty)108 225.6 S .301(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301 (character \(typically)3.571 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 220.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 237.6 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F5(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -232.8 R(to)108 244.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +249.6 R(to)108 261.6 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 -(background, the)108 256.8 R F5(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(background, the)108 273.6 R F5(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F5(^Z) -3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 268.8 Q .949(fect immediately) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 285.6 Q .949(fect immediately) -.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 280.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 297.6 R .777 +108 297.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 314.4 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 309.6 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 326.4 Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F1(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 321.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 333.6 Q F5(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 +108 338.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 350.4 Q F5(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 -(hand, refers to an)108 345.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 362.4 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 357.6 Q F5 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 374.4 Q F5 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 (he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 369.6 R .495 +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 386.4 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F (The)5.495 E F1(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 -(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 381.6 R F5<25ad>3.288 E F0 +(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 398.4 R F5<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F5 (%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 393.6 R F5 +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 410.4 R F5 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) -.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 405.6 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.911 E F0 +(and the pre)108 422.4 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.911 E F0 5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 417.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 434.4 R +(rent job)108 434.4 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 451.2 R (ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) -.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C (ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -446.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +463.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F -(equi)108 458.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 475.2 R +(equi)108 475.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) 5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 487.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 504 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G .158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 (ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F52.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 499.2 Q F5(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G -1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 516 Q F5(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G 1.451 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 (reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 (ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 -(exe)108 511.2 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 -(If an attempt to e)108 528 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 +(exe)108 528 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 +(If an attempt to e)108 544.8 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 (is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft) -2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F5(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 540 R F5 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 556.8 R F5 (shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 (arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 (option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -552 R(The)5.459 E F5(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +568.8 R(The)5.459 E F5(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 564 R .604 +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 580.8 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 592.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 -604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +(and an)108 592.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 609.6 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 +621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 -(and the secondary prompt)108 616.8 R F2(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 +(and the secondary prompt)108 633.6 R F2(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 (when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F5(Bash)6.826 E F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ - are)108 628.8 R(decoded as follo)108 640.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 -652.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0 + are)108 645.6 R(decoded as follo)108 657.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 +669.6 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 681.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 676.8 Q F1(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 -688.8 Q F1(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F1(strftime) +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 693.6 Q F1(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 +705.6 Q F1(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F1(strftime) 3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -700.8 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 +717.6 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F5(\\e)144 712.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 +E(33)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\h)144 84 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 96 Q F0 -(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 108 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 96 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 108 Q F0 +(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 120 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144 -120 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 156 Q F0 +132 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 144 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 156 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 168 Q F0 (the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 -180 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1(\\@)144 -192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 204 -Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 216 Q F0 -(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 228 Q F0(the v) +180 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 +192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1(\\@)144 +204 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 216 +Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 228 Q F0 +(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 240 Q F0(the v) 28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) -144 240 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C +144 252 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 252 Q F0 .116(the current w)26 F .116 +-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 264 Q F0 .116(the current w)26 F .116 (orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 264 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 276 Q F0 +-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 288 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) -.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) --.25 E F1(\\!)144 288 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 -(\\#)144 300 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 -312 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) -.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 324 Q +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 300 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1 +(\\#)144 312 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 +324 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a) +.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 336 Q /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 (the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1 -(\\\\)144 336 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 348 Q F0 +(\\\\)144 348 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 360 Q F0 (be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 360 Q F1(\\])144 372 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) +180 372 Q F1(\\])144 384 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) 29.89 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 388.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +108 400.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 400.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)108 412.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ + from the history \214le \(see)108 412.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F0(belo)108 424.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 424.8 R +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 436.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 436.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 448.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 448.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F(description of the)108 460.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 465.6 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 477.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 477.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 489.6 R +108 489.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 (editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 (option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 501.6 Q .851 +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 513.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F 3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 513.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 525.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 525.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 537.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 537.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 554.4 Q +(emacs)108 549.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 566.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +108 578.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 578.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) -.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) -.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 590.4 S .831 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .831 (yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 (y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 (hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 602.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 614.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 (x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 (rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 631.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 643.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +(ho)108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) .4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 655.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 667.2 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 684 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 696 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 696 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 708 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 720 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(34)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(34)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Re\ -adline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(\ -the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 -(\214le\). 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Other)108 156 R +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 172.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 189.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 184.8 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 201.6 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 230.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 254.4 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 201.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 218.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 247.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 271.2 Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) -108 271.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 -(,).73 E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 283.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 300 R .209(ws k)-.25 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +108 288 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 +-.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) +3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 +E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E +F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 316.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 312 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 328.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 340.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 328.8 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 345.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 357.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 352.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 369.6 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 364.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 381.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 376.8 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 393.6 R F1 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 -.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 (is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 405.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 -E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 441.6 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 453.6 Q .699(In the abo)108 470.4 R .998 -.15 +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 422.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 +E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 458.4 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .699(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 482.4 Q F1 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 499.2 Q F1 (backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 (C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -494.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 511.2 R F1("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +511.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.556 E +(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 (fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 523.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ -ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 535.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(denoting an entire k)108 540 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ + be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 +(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 547.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 571.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 583.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 612 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +(are not recognized.)108 564 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 600 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 624 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) -3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) -2.5 E F0(.)A(The full 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+F1(\\\\)144 705.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\")144 717.6 Q F0 +(literal ")27.67 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(35) +195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1 -(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 108 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1 -(\\f)144 120 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 132 Q F0(ne)27.66 E -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 144 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 156 -Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 168 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he) --.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E -2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 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It)3.06 F +144 645.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 628.8 R +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 657.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 640.8 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 669.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 652.8 Q F1(con)108 -664.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 676.8 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 681.6 Q F1(con)108 +693.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 705.6 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 688.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 700.8 Q F0(\).)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +144 717.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 729.6 Q F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(36)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4574,8 +4580,8 @@ Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 1.585(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) -4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 720 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(37)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11) +146.785 E(37)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4676,8 +4682,8 @@ Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 .396(ci\214c program.)180 696 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 708 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(38)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4769,8 +4775,8 @@ Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.1 E F0(Mo)144 708 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(39)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4866,8 +4872,8 @@ etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 580.8 Q .15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 724.8 R .792 -.15(ve t) -.15 H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 -(ument switches the direction).18 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(40)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ument switches the direction).18 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11) +146.785 E(40)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4964,8 +4970,8 @@ E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 700.8 Q (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 724.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28) -135.965 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 +E(41)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5051,8 +5057,8 @@ A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 664.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 676.8 S E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 688.8 Q F0 (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 700.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(42)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5152,8 +5158,8 @@ F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 700.8 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 712.8 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(43)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 +Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(43)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5241,8 +5247,8 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 +768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(44)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5355,7 +5361,7 @@ E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 .464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 727.2 R .596 (When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(45)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5495,8 +5501,8 @@ F2 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ by returning an e)108 717.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +ed with the command on which completion is)108 729.6 R(GNU Bash 4.2)72 +768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(46)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5623,8 +5629,8 @@ H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 710.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 727.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(47)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5747,7 +5753,7 @@ E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 717.6 Q F0 .315 ('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.816 E F0 .316 (if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 729.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(48)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5878,8 +5884,8 @@ F2(name)144 694.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 730.8 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(49)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5994,8 +6000,8 @@ F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 720 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) --.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(50)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11) +146.785 E(50)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6132,7 +6138,7 @@ F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 .633 3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 720 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(51)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(51)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6204,8 +6210,8 @@ E F0(.)A F1(function)184 636 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 648 Q F1 672 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 684 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 696 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 708 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(52)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6313,8 +6319,8 @@ F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 710.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 -Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 +Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(53)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6445,7 +6451,7 @@ G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 705.6 Q 1.707(The return v)144 722.4 R 1.707 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(54)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6564,8 +6570,8 @@ E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 715.2 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(55)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(55)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6704,8 +6710,8 @@ R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 720 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004 (alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) -2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2010 December 28)135.965 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q +(2011 April 11)146.785 E(56)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6822,8 +6828,8 @@ G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 -E(57)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E +(57)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6937,8 +6943,7 @@ F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(58)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP +.15 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 11)146.785 E(58)195.945 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7070,7 +7075,7 @@ A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F23.937 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 720 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)2.626 -F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2010 December 28)135.965 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 April 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