gh-87192: Update wording for fcntl 'Changed in' (GH-91658)

(cherry picked from commit d7eb1ffbe8f913693e4c9ffa1b32edccac987ab6)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-85864: io docs: Add missing position-only parameters (GH-91950)

(cherry picked from commit 3a8e2b6e65fea1252477f6e29a384fa9a492ed06)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-43323: Fix UnicodeEncodeError in the email module (GH-32137)

It was raised if the charset itself contains characters not encodable
in UTF-8 (in particular \udcxx characters representing non-decodable
bytes in the source).
(cherry picked from commit e91dee87edcf6dee5dd78053004d76e5f05456d4)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

sorting howto: Add clarification on < using __lt__ (GH-92010)

(cherry picked from commit 53ca774497fde7c5fcf3a84813ea42f95f75c639)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-26792: Improve docstrings of runpy module run_functions (GH-30729)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 117836f123a1c65d9ba50401822b883f11f0a347)

Co-authored-by: Humbled Drugman <humbled.drugman@gmail.com>

gh-91832: Add 'required' attr to argparse.Action repr (GH-91841)

GH- Adding 'required' to names in Lib.argparse.Action

gh-91832:
Added 'required' to the list `names` in `Lib.argparse.Action`.
Changed constant strings that test the Action object.

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:merwok
(cherry picked from commit 4ed3900041c688a02dca1eb3323083d720dd0d93)

Co-authored-by: Abhigyan Bose <abhigyandeepbose@gmail.com>

Add note that headers added via urllib.request.add_header are added to redirected requests (GH-30708) (#92005)

(cherry picked from commit f348154c8f8a9c254503306c59d6779d4d09b3a9)

Co-authored-by: Ashwin Ramaswami <aramaswamis@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ashwin Ramaswami <aramaswamis@gmail.com>

gh-84459: Make wording more specific for Path.replace (GH-91853)

GH-84459
(cherry picked from commit 161dff7e10eeb7eaf6d418b91e993aaf84770a5c)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] gh-91810: Expand ElementTree.write() tests to use non-ASCII data (GH-91989). (GH-91994)

(cherry picked from commit f60b4c3d74f241775f80affe60dcba6448634fe3)

gh-68966: Document mailcap deprecation in Python 3.11 (GH-91971)

(cherry picked from commit 80de0273c0caf8bae19787bb00255eb3fb2a2d0c)
(cherry picked from commit a36d97e3f1daeb431e1c5bc8ab83daca93b747b0)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

Fix missing `f` prefix on f-strings (GH-91910)

(cherry picked from commit f882d33778ee2625ab32d90e28edb6878fb8af93)

Co-authored-by: Alexander Shadchin <alexandr.shadchin@gmail.com>

gh-91914: Fix test_curses on non-UTF-8 locale (GH-91919)

(cherry picked from commit f41c16bf512778fca4bfabca887c4c303cc21896)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-91916: Fix test_runpy on non-UTF-8 locale (GH-91920)

If use a non-builtin codec, partially implemented in Python
(e.g. ISO-8859-15), a new RecursionError (with empty error message)
can be raised while handle a RecursionError.

Testing for error message was needed to distinguish
a recursion error from arbitrary RuntimeError. After introducing
RecursionError, it became unnecessary.
(cherry picked from commit a568585069174cec35ce26cdf4d4862c634d9f6d)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] gh-91888: add a `:gh:` role to the documentation (GH-91889) (#91935)

* gh-91888: Add a :gh: role to the documentation (GH-91889).

* [3.9] gh-91888: add a `:gh:` role to the documentation (GH-91889)

* Add a new :gh:`...` role for GitHub issues.

* Fix a GitHub id to use the :gh: role.

* Add Misc/NEWS entry.

* Refactoring and rephrasing.

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>.
(cherry picked from commit f7641a2ffec243e5f600028a84debe9028a9ee44)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>

[3.9] Update Sphinx bpo role to use redirect URI. (#91891)

* Update Sphinx bpo role to use redirect URI. (GH-32342)

* [3.9] Update Sphinx bpo role to use redirect URI. (GH-32342).
(cherry picked from commit 08cfe079503ffd19d8b7ab324f0fdb1c6b150ca8)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>

[3.9] gh-85864: Mark positional-only args in io docs (GH-91683). (#91848)

(cherry picked from commit a3f2cf3ced378db2569df4e7389ec1f79c85d55c)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

RE: Add more tests for inline flag "x" and re.VERBOSE (GH-91854)

(cherry picked from commit 6b45076bd62407103433daea8acf085a99e6cb7e)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-91547: Remove "Undocumented modules" page (GH-91682)

(cherry picked from commit 254aaa7981d8773658fb14795da5dec888c95f93)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] gh-91575: Update case-insensitive matching in re to the latest Unicode version (GH-91580). (GH-91661) (GH-91837)

(cherry picked from commit 1c2fcebf3c5e2ab41d376bb481834445617c8f3c)
(cherry picked from commit 1748816e80b23744667e239b49b477c0e283d201)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] gh-91700: Validate the group number in conditional expression in RE (GH-91702) (GH-91831) (GH-91836)

In expression (?(group)...) an appropriate re.error is now
raised if the group number refers to not defined group.

Previously it raised RuntimeError: invalid SRE code.
(cherry picked from commit 48ec61a89a959071206549819448405c2cea61b0)
(cherry picked from commit 080781cd49b13da4a73db87b6f5e0c7aeec83e92)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] gh-90568: Fix exception type for \N with a named sequence in RE (GH-91665) (GH-91830) (GH-91834)

re.error is now raised instead of TypeError.
(cherry picked from commit 6ccfa31421393910b52936e0447625db06f2a655)
(cherry picked from commit 9c18d783c38fca57a63b61aa778d8a8d18945d95)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] build(deps): bump actions/upload-artifact from 2.3.1 to 3 (GH-32227) (#91749)

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 2.3.1 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/v2.3.1...v3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>.
(cherry picked from commit b8812c9ca3f6864a233574001e16f1b9e92daf6e)

[3.9] build(deps): bump actions/cache from 2.1.7 to 3.0.1 (GH-32228) (#91747)

Bumps [actions/cache](https://github.com/actions/cache) from 2.1.7 to 3.0.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/cache/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/cache/blob/main/RELEASES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/cache/compare/v2.1.7...v3.0.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/cache
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>.
(cherry picked from commit 3ace1034b8202bc7034e15f34561725934f04ff6)

bpo-40859: Update Windows build to use xz-5.2.5 (GH-20622)

Co-authored-by: Ma Lin <animalize@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 73af4b0264aeb866536b01a132f8c26a5808d64d)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-23747: Enhance platform doc, document default behavior (GH-31462)

(cherry picked from commit ad3ca17ff5cd63f907430073b52be27695674148)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] build(deps): bump actions/checkout from 2 to 3 (GH-32226) (#91722)

Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v2...v3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/checkout
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>.
(cherry picked from commit 1ba63e3a9bb176e5ad8e8dd744b9d2b9d588e275)

gh-91734: Fix ossaudio support on Solaris (GH-91735)

(cherry picked from commit 4420faf273e9e2d03226a9375e1e04a336230c84)

Co-authored-by: Jakub Kulík <Kulikjak@gmail.com>

bpo-30718: Add information about text buffering (GH-32351)

(cherry picked from commit 5101d97d0b13425ccc5ed37abfabb07701db81fe)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

Add link to sys.path in os lib (GH-91679)

(cherry picked from commit 692aea6f3823df48b7fc267ba0aa1ccc45ac606d)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

Fix awkward sentence in signal docs (GH-91508)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 326ae71f1d93c12100150baa1173ea7ce7a96ea0)

Co-authored-by: AJ Jordan <alex@strugee.net>

build(deps): bump actions/setup-python from 2 to 3 (GH-31630)

Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 2 to 3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v2...v3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 74e319239b0a2a5ef8bc27670f4f533ee701d57f)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] gh-91118: Fix docstrings that do not honor --without-doc-strings (GH-31769) (#91664)

Co-authored-by: Éric <merwok@netwok.org>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit a573cb2fec664c645ab744658d7e941d72e1a398)

[3.10] gh-91676 gh-91260 unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase no longer leaks its executor (GH-91680)

For things like test_asyncio.test_thread this was causing frequent
"environment modified by test" errors as the executor threads had not
always stopped running after the test was over.
(cherry picked from commit 61570ae0bc1507a62bee9d8b9bc2ff7155da7061)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

gh-91231: multiprocessing BaseManager waits 1.0 second (GH-91701)

Shutting down a multiprocessing BaseManager now waits for 1 second until
the process completes, rather than 0.1 second, after the process is
terminated.
(cherry picked from commit a885f10325eb2fc27cd50ace5614666ea688ab66)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

Add more tests for group names and refs in RE (GH-91695)

(cherry picked from commit 74070085da5322ac83c954f101f2caa150655be2)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

Doc: Fix link formatting typo (GH-91659)

(cherry picked from commit 6a7a8a740e61508cb5a0fcdac8b752b6c9e5d1ea)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

Remove duplicate explanation (GH-91534)

(cherry picked from commit 0e6dca01937b62c07cff5b8450b7c74c101b857d)

Co-authored-by: Gouvernathor <44340603+Gouvernathor@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-89885: Improve import example in language reference (GH-91523) (#91649)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit d5a69571f586080af4c29671c47f9c4bc671af7f)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-91541: Fix error in example in modules tutorial (GH-91634)

(cherry picked from commit efbc668183400597070356a2df2fbab114a53cb3)

Co-authored-by: 180909 <734461790@qq.com>

gh-90923: Improve sqlite3.Connection.execute* docs (GH-91643)

- Drop 'nonstandard'; it does not add any value
- Try to be more concise
- Make return value a little more explicit
(cherry picked from commit 017f07a229a337e9c17bed8cd1879e0177a8d89d)

Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@innova.no>

[3.9] [3.10] gh-91607: Fix several test_concurrent_futures tests to actually test what they claim (GH-91600) (GH-91612) (#91617)

* Fix test_concurrent_futures to actually test what it says.

Many ProcessPoolExecutor based tests were ignoring the mp_context
and using the default instead.  This meant we lacked proper test
coverage of all of them.

Also removes the old _prime_executor() worker delay seeding code
as it appears to have no point and causes 20-30 seconds extra
latency on this already long test.  It also interfered with some
of the refactoring to fix the above to not needlessly create their
own executor when setUp has already created an appropriate one.

* Don't import the name from multiprocessing directly to avoid confusion.

(cherry picked from commit 7fa3a5a2197896066e3fe53ee325ac6ab54c3414)
(cherry picked from commit 9a458934f7be37c59525350f1f9ecbdcd69903c1)

gh-91595: fix the comparison of character and integer by using ord() (GH-91596)

* fix the comparison of character and integer by using ord()

* 📜🤖 Added by blurb_it.

Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9300b6d72948b94c0924a75ea14c6298156522d0)

Co-authored-by: Yu Liu <yuki.liu@utexas.edu>

gh-82849: revise intro to os.path.rst (GH-32232)

* revise the first paragraph of docs for os.path
* add a mention of `os.PathLike` protocol
* remove warnings rendered irrelevant by :pep:`383` and :pep:`529`

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 468314cc8bfdb6fd328cbbbb7d0807728f25e043)

Co-authored-by: Jack DeVries <jdevries3133@gmail.com>

Add link to documentation translation list (GH-91560) (#91588)

(cherry picked from commit c4e8a93eb3fa5e5d930cea64f213443242c2588c)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-40376: slightly improved the wording for os.getgrouplist (GH-19702) (GH-91557)

The documentation for os.getgrouplist potentially read like it
returned all groups a user belongs to but it potentially doesn't.

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit bd26ef5e9e701d2ab3509a49d9351259a3670772)

Co-authored-by: Jens Holzkämper <jens@holzkaemper.berlin>

gh-70979: Fix runpy.run_path parameter name in docs (GH-32265)

Noticed while reviewing GH-30729.
(cherry picked from commit f1e989b04507db6f0adbccb5e1624d81cb217ea8)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

Add redirects to Misc/NEWS bpo links (GH-91454) (GH-91536)

(cherry picked from commit 17dbb6bc10ca8a8b602335414c047294f00afcbe)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>

gh-90879: Fix missing parameter for put_nowait() (GH-91514)

(cherry picked from commit 0fc3517cf46ec79b4681c31916d4081055a7ed09)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-87497: Document that urllib.request sends headers in camel case (GH-24661)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 325d6f50357474c7d9fd2475be0e2481f7ae0476)

Co-authored-by: Alix Lourme <alix.lourme@gmail.com>

gh-91421: Use constant value check during runtime (GH-91422) (GH-91493)

The left-hand side expression of the if-check can be converted to a
constant by the compiler, but the addition on the right-hand side is
performed during runtime.

Move the addition from the right-hand side to the left-hand side by
turning it into a subtraction there. Since the values are known to
be large enough to not turn negative, this is a safe operation.

Prevents a very unlikely integer overflow on 32 bit systems.

Fixes GH-91421.
(cherry picked from commit 0859368335d470b9ff33fc53ed9a85ec2654b278)

Co-authored-by: Tobias Stoeckmann <stoeckmann@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-88513: clarify shutil.copytree's dirs_exist_ok arg (GH-91434) (GH-91465)

* add a paragraph to document this kwarg in detail
* update docstring in the source accordingly
(cherry picked from commit f33e2c87a83917b5139d97fd8ef7cba7223ebef5)

Co-authored-by: Jack DeVries <jdevries3133@gmail.com>

[3.9] GH-89074: Fixed IsolatedAsyncioTestCase from throwing an exception on leaked tasks (GH-27765) (#91471)

(cherry picked from commit 2cb1a6806c0cefab0c3a40fdd428a89a4392570e)

Co-authored-by: Bar Harel <bar.harel@biocatch.com>

pickle docs: Fix typos and improve wording (GH-24776) (GH-32396)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 1d0f08fa46b54f5a9b43a916b66d50b97d56cf36)

Co-authored-by: Géry Ogam <gery.ogam@gmail.com>

bpo-47103: Copy pgort140.dll into output directory when building PGInstrument on Windows (GH-32083)

ssl docs: Fix typo (GH-32336)

(cherry picked from commit 9ee2d3a93914776d15ac5cc7c44bb3aaca3e0fe5)

Co-authored-by: Frederick <fmoor@users.noreply.github.com>

c-api docs: There are five fields, not four (GH-32379)

(cherry picked from commit 4c92427fb85e420404a9bd26347e32acc1bbd3b7)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

doc: Link to `string.capwords` from `str.title` (GH-20913)

Since `title()` mentions its own short-comings, it should also mention the library function which does not possess them.

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit b786d9ec52a2c2b0b6627be7fd4a3948c61fbdea)

Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>

pkgutil docs: Link sys constants, add backticks (GH-32356)

Co-authored-by: Éric <merwok@netwok.org>
(cherry picked from commit 63bd72448a5af01206c2a9aec5f1ed1e903f1e12)

Co-authored-by: Boris Verkhovskiy <boris.verk@gmail.com>

ssl docs: Fix typo (GH-32314)

(cherry picked from commit 1da9c38fd352465fd3d1a00e64dc90444b421730)

Co-authored-by: Frederick <fmoor@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] bpo-46769: Fix backticks in typing.rst to appease rstlint (GH-32375)

* Use double backticks to appease rstlint

* Update susp-ignored.csv

Fix whitespace/indentation issues in test_sys (GH-32369) (GH-32373)

(cherry picked from commit da922409ac3e65c6bf2911401c7dfdf8ee6e0036)

stdtypes docs: fix typo (GH-32349)

(cherry picked from commit b33c4564aceeae8323bcb19167fbbd2d5f5002bc)

Co-authored-by: Ian <40774387+isteptoe@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-47235: Note where a typo is intentional in code. (GH-32348)

People keep popping up reporting these as typos in the docs despite
being described as typos in the surrounding text.  Hopefully a comment
on the line itself makes it more obvious?

Arguably some of the typo examples are not using the "right" typo as the
"assret" one in particular is now detected by default due to how common
it was in actual code.  But I don't want to to typo chasing by changing
these examples to be other not yet auto-detected typos as they still
illustrate the point well enough.
(cherry picked from commit ac1fb07b6ecb6b93446484f52894914e5199de63)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

bpo-47230: Silence compiler warnings on Windows from zlib 1.2.12 (GH-32337)

(cherry picked from commit 944f09adfcc59f54432ac2947cf95f3465d90e1e)

Co-authored-by: Jeremy Kloth <jeremy.kloth@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-45790: List macros in same order in which fields are described (GH-29529) (GH-32321)

Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Tobar <rtobar@icrar.org>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>.
(cherry picked from commit b275267aa7d44ec90fa435c9cb1610c549da745a)

Co-authored-by: rtobar <rtobar@icrar.org>

bpo-40982: shutil docs: Remove outdated copytree() example (GH-24778)

It is not preferable to keep a copy of the implementation in the
docs.
(cherry picked from commit e06f920c5bc6e9fad29082ba0d84043722806e17)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

crypt docs: Fix references to `methods` attr (GH-26806)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit cae0f5d3dad6db0d13690e5952ae2015ad8b3a05)

Co-authored-by: andrei kulakov <andrei.avk@gmail.com>

bpo-32658: Regex docs: Fix metacharacter reference (GH-32230)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 43571a3eea8b5931769376daf4bdad1c9184ae0d)

Co-authored-by: Mike cm <mikecmcleod@gmail.com>

bpo-47007: [doc] `str` special method lookup (GH-31863)

Clarify the `str()` docs to point out that `object.__str__()`
follows special method lookup.

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit bb86d1d9fbd1888524e04475383f4ea764277f67)

Co-authored-by: Vanshaj Singhania <8797467+itsvs@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-41233: Add links to errnos referenced in exceptions docs (GH-21380)

Co-authored-by: Andrew Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit a74892cb2168d249d9a8c53fad605a5def9b41d4)

Co-authored-by: yyyyyyyan <24644216+yyyyyyyan@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-46484:Add test for Calendar.iterweekdays (GH-30825)

(cherry picked from commit 48269ea9fdbc5804f80962364f95e69097c417ba)

Co-authored-by: 180909 <734461790@qq.com>

Demonstrate `py --list` in the quickstart section of the Windows doc page (GH-29383)

(cherry picked from commit 1ecfe3d5ae4ddec4e73a6cfc93fed6df43fe0be5)

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

Follow PEP-8 guidelines in tutorial for standard library (GH-26127)

(cherry picked from commit 6db2db91b96aaa1270c200ec931a2250fe2799c7)

Co-authored-by: Bob Kline <bkline@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-47205: Skip error check of sched_get/setaffinity on FreeBSD (GH-32285)

(cherry picked from commit b82cdd1dac9a9be52051abd90a1ce69236ac41f4)

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

Language reference: Remove duplicated text about iterable unpacking (GH-25212)

(cherry picked from commit 4f5d56f8f33196f5ed8ffad0ab2f012afda2f9b3)

Co-authored-by: Jiashuo Li <4003950+jiasli@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-24563: Link encoding names to encoding declarations (GH-32274)

(cherry picked from commit 01be5d6446abbdd95d0c18bd19a58a62b05568d8)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

[3.9] More minor fixes to C API docs (GH-31525) (GH-32259)

* wording fixes in type.rst

* grammar and punctuation in sys.rst

* set: grammar fixes

* structures: capitalization fix

* grammar fixes for sequence

* objects: point to Py_TYPE instead of direct object access

* numbers: add more explicit Python equivalences

* method: add missing period

* memory: grammar fix

* mapping: grammar fixes

* long: grammar fix

* iter: fix grammar for PyAIter_Check

* init: grammar fix.
(cherry picked from commit 897bc6f9282238d5fb32d232ab62d30675244736)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

[3.9] More minor fixes to C API docs (GH-31714) (GH-32260)

* init_config: wording fixes

* bytearray: remove XXX, there is a good link to the buffer docs

* bytes, call, exceptions: minor wording fixes.
(cherry picked from commit 677a87946630c5fbd9998969669b4dd4f4b32545)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

[3.9] Document func parameter of locale.atof (GH-18183) (GH-32261)

The second parameter (named `func`) has been present since the `locale`
module was introduced in eef1d4e8b1, but has never been documented.

This commit updates the documentation for `locale.atof` to clarify the
behavior of the function and how the `func` parameter is used.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Locke <kevin@kevinlocke.name>.
(cherry picked from commit 208da6d508bb2683732151f4ae288dfc8001267c)

Co-authored-by: Kevin Locke <kevin@kevinlocke.name>

bpo-45584: Clarify `math.trunc` documentation (GH-29183)

While floor/ceil 's documentation are very precise, `truncate` was not explained. I actually had to search online to understand the difference between `truncate` and `floor` (admittedly, once I remembered that numbers are signed, and that floating numbers actually uses a bit for negation symbol instead of two complement, it became obvious)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Éric Araujo <merwok@netwok.org>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit ebbdbbff5d6840807e46ec61b8a323e94ee88de2)

Co-authored-by: Arthur Milchior <arthur@milchior.fr>

codecs docs: fix grammar mistake (GH-29462)

(cherry picked from commit ea56845744e815ed468dfbdd835110254c3be997)

Co-authored-by: 180909 <wjh180909@gmail.com>

bpo-45114: Use lstat() instead of stat() in stat docs example (GH-29845)

(cherry picked from commit c93a0ac6972221787d8bea1c41a9feb667ed3d2c)

Co-authored-by: 180909 <wjh180909@gmail.com>

bpo-47031: Improve documentation for `math.nan` (GH-32170)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 182e93c3f57b0c72e765c9896066d32e461c0865)

Co-authored-by: Charlie Zhao <zhaoyu_hit@qq.com>

bpo-47194: Update zlib to v1.2.12 on Windows to resolve CVE-2018-25032 (GH-32241)

(cherry picked from commit 6066739ff7794e54c98c08b953a699cbc961cd28)

Co-authored-by: Zachary Ware <zach@python.org>

[3.9] bpo-47089: Avoid test_compileall failures on Windows (GH-32037). (GH-32240)

* [3.9] bpo-47089: Avoid test_compileall failures on Windows (GH-32037).
(cherry picked from commit 76b8a075b8a79b08468fd0ed06a489a5c815bc11)

Co-authored-by: Jeremy Kloth <jeremy.kloth@gmail.com>

bpo-14911: Corrected generator.throw() documentation (GH-32207)

Co-authored-by: Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 8be7c2bc5ad5e295f0f855bb31db412eef2c7c92)

Co-authored-by: Dave Goncalves <davegoncalves@gmail.com>

bpo-46775: OSError should call winerror_to_errno unconditionally on Windows (GH-32179)

(cherry picked from commit d0c67ea0645b7ad37b867c167882a346a24de641)

Co-authored-by: Dong-hee Na <donghee.na@python.org>

bpo-42340: Document issues around KeyboardInterrupt (GH-23255)

Update documentation to note that in some circumstances,
KeyboardInterrupt may cause code to enter an inconsistent state. Also
document sample workaround to avoid KeyboardInterrupt, if needed.
(cherry picked from commit d0906c90fcfbc4cfb9bb963eaa6bb152dd543b56)

Co-authored-by: benfogle <benfogle@gmail.com>

ctypes docs: Fix array-length reference to "non-negative" from "positive" (GH-32097) (GH-32143)

(cherry picked from commit 76f14b0463dc2c53911eaf95e85374e511ba9bcc)

Co-authored-by: Yonatan Goldschmidt <yon.goldschmidt@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

Fix typo in the sqlite3 docs (GH-31915) (GH-32158)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan <89750679+AHypnotoad@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 66584c890d016e40d707400130d1cd98f2aedde9)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan <jonathan.joyner94@gmail.com>

bpo-47138: Ensure Windows docs build uses the same pinned version as other platforms (GH-32161)

(cherry picked from commit 0dfabf9b4a58b835b61fc3d17784d4746f677e56)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-27929: resolve names only for AF_INET/AF_INET6 with asyncio (GH-32131)

Co-authored-by: Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5c30388f3c586ba2f33e349e22e5949cb92de621)

Co-authored-by: Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.ch>

[3.9] bpo-44493: Add missing terminated NUL in sockaddr_un's length (GH-26866) (GH-32140) (GH-32156)

Add missing terminated NUL in sockaddr_un's length

- Linux: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/unix.7.html
- *BSD: SUN_LEN
(cherry picked from commit f6b3a07b7df60dc04d0260169ffef6e9796a2124)

Co-authored-by: ty <zonyitoo@users.noreply.github.com>
Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:gpshead
(cherry picked from commit 5944807b09717d43bb017f700e8c451dd07199ed)

Co-authored-by: Miss Islington (bot) <31488909+miss-islington@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-28516: document contextlib.ExitStack.__enter__ behavior (GH-31636) (GH-32145)

The enter_context is updated with following information: 'The :meth:`__enter__` method
      returns the ExitStack instance, and performs no additional operations.'

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 86384cf83f96fcaec03e2ad6516e2e24f20d3b92)

Co-authored-by: vidhya <96202776+Vidhyavinu@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>

bpo-47138: Fix documentation build by pinning Jinja version to 3.0.3 (GH-32153)

Co-authored-by: Maciej Olko <maciej.olko@gmail.com>

bpo-47105: Cite grp.h instead of pwd.h in grp docs (GH-32091) (GH-32121)

(cherry picked from commit ee912ad6f66bb8cf5a8a2b4a7ecd2752bf070864)

Co-authored-by: Alex Hedges <aphedges@users.noreply.github.com>

Post 3.9.12

Python 3.9.12

bpo-47101: list only activated algorithms in hashlib.algorithms_available (GH-32076)

(cherry picked from commit 48e2010d92076b472922fa632fffc98ee150004f)

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

[3.9] bpo-47061: document module deprecations due to PEP 594 (GH-31984) (GH-32082)

Also removed asynchat, asyncore, and smtpd from their respective toctree entries so they are only  in the superceded subtree.
(cherry picked from commit 9ac2de922a0f783bd43b8e026e4fb70fd1888572)

Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:brettcannon