bpo-37703: improve asyncio.gather documentation regarding cancellation (GH-15312)

These changes updates the doc to comprehensively mention the behaviour of gather.cancel()

Automerge-Triggered-By: @asvetlov
(cherry picked from commit d42528a3a2c7d79fd2e6c9f2a02f3ce12d44c8cc)

Co-authored-by: Vinay Sharma <vinay04sharma@icloud.com>

bpo-40741: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.32.3 (GH-20979)

(cherry picked from commit 7cf1cb36ecafabff363790d245f809d3894fbbaf)

Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@innova.no>

bpo-41205: Document Decimal power 0 to the 0 (GH-21386)

Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 10e466448f67850ed7bb2e2a4e7f017f2b050cad)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి తాటిపర్తి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>

bpo-41295: Reimplement the Carlo Verre "hackcheck" (GH-21528)

Walk down the MRO backwards to find the type that originally defined the final `tp_setattro`, then make sure we are not jumping over intermediate C-level bases with the Python-level call.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gvanrossum
(cherry picked from commit c53b310e5926266ce267c44a168165cacd786d6e)

Co-authored-by: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>

bpo-39603: Prevent header injection in http methods (GH-18485)

reject control chars in http method in http.client.putrequest to prevent http header injection
(cherry picked from commit 8ca8a2e8fb068863c1138f07e3098478ef8be12e)

Co-authored-by: AMIR <31338382+amiremohamadi@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-41325: Add version note for args and kwargs property in call object (GH-21525)

(cherry picked from commit 9b01c598ca2576a1056816e85dd84bf5f9c74688)

Co-authored-by: Jordan Speicher <uSpike@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-41024: doc: Explicitly mention use of 'enum.Enum' as a valid container for '… (GH-20964) (GH-21527)

bpo-41304: Update NEWS to include CVE-2020-15801 reference (GH-21521)

(cherry picked from commit 164b04c47e61bd35d55e61bc74f9fd646eba81bb)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-41300: IDLE - save files with non-ascii chars  (GH-21512)

Fix regression released in 3.9.0b4 and 3.8.4.
(cherry picked from commit 38d3864efe914fda64553e2ec75c9ec15574483f)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

Fix trivial typo in the PEG string parser (GH-21508)

(cherry picked from commit 0275e0452a773976827c2b9bd1e598ee08e2d7f5)

Co-authored-by: Eric V. Smith <ericvsmith@users.noreply.github.com>

Fix possibly-unitialized warning in string_parser.c. (GH-21503)

GCC says
```
../cpython/Parser/string_parser.c: In function ‘fstring_find_expr’:
../cpython/Parser/string_parser.c:404:93: warning: ‘cols’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  404 |     p2->starting_col_offset = p->tok->first_lineno == p->tok->lineno ? t->col_offset + cols : cols;
      |                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~
../cpython/Parser/string_parser.c:384:16: note: ‘cols’ was declared here
  384 |     int lines, cols;
      |                ^~~~
../cpython/Parser/string_parser.c:403:45: warning: ‘lines’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
  403 |     p2->starting_lineno = t->lineno + lines - 1;
      |                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
../cpython/Parser/string_parser.c:384:9: note: ‘lines’ was declared here
  384 |     int lines, cols;
      |         ^~~~~
```

and, indeed, if `PyBytes_AsString` somehow fails, lines & cols will not be initialized.
(cherry picked from commit 2ad7e9c011b7606c5c7307176df07419a0e60134)

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>

Remove unnecessary spaces in code blocks in urllib.parse.rst (GH-21500)

This should also fix the syntax highlighting for these code blocks

Automerge-Triggered-By: @csabella
(cherry picked from commit 5e5c0f98667c9280c6d27b3db98a6cad2cc89077)

Co-authored-by: Christopher Yeh <chrisyeh96@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-41304: Ensure python3x._pth is loaded on Windows (GH-21495)

(cherry picked from commit 936a66094591dc0e67d4a60c170148bb700ec016)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-40150: Fix mismatched argument in RegisterWaitForSingleObject() call (GH-19686)

(cherry picked from commit af4eda46d1538b1da700a86588bdb94b0a4d1ff2)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

Fix -Wstring-prototypes warnings in _zoneinfo.c. (GH-21478)

(cherry picked from commit 0108b2a2401d0ffffe7c07e5ab69a3b0c7593070)

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>

Fix -Wstrict-prototypes warning in thread_pthread.h. (GH-21477)

(cherry picked from commit ea62a4bd54421693ed6b24a1bbd18ebed3bdb8f8)

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>

bpo-41302: Fix build with system libmpdec (GH-21481)

Move definition of UNUSED from modified headers of libmpdec to
_decimal.c itself. This makes the vendored source closer to the
standalone library and fixes build with --with-system-libmpdec.

Tested to build fine with either system libmpdec or the vendored one.
(cherry picked from commit 015efdbef7454a522e88cd79ba2b4cd77a5fb2a2)

Co-authored-by: Felix Yan <felixonmars@archlinux.org>

[3.9] bpo-39017: Avoid infinite loop in the tarfile module (GH-21454) (GH-21482)

Avoid infinite loop when reading specially crafted TAR files using the tarfile module
(CVE-2019-20907).
(cherry picked from commit 5a8d121a1f3ef5ad7c105ee378cc79a3eac0c7d4)

Co-authored-by: Rishi <rishi_devan@mail.com>
Automerge-Triggered-By: @encukou

Fix repeated words in Classes tutorial (GH-21455)

The phrase "At any time during execution," was repeated twice.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @Mariatta
(cherry picked from commit 4f28f75deefc6e8f65694f96f1a40b0a26fc385d)

Co-authored-by: Paul McMillan <paul@mcmillan.ws>

bpo-41288: Fix a crash in unpickling invalid NEWOBJ_EX. (GH-21458)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @tiran
(cherry picked from commit 4f309abf55f0e6f8950ac13d6ec83c22b8d47bf8)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-41228: Fix /a/are/ in monthcalendar() descripton (GH-21372)

(cherry picked from commit 344dce312a0cf86d5a5772d54843cc179acaf6e3)

Co-authored-by: Nima Dini <nima.dini@gmail.com>

Fix typo in docs: 'created by th' -> 'created by the' (GH-21384)

(cherry picked from commit 6fc732a2116e2c42b0431bb7e2a21719351af755)

Co-authored-by: marload <rladhkstn8@gmail.com>

bpo-41175: Guard against a NULL pointer dereference within bytearrayobject (GH-21240)

The issue is triggered by the bytearray() + bytearray() operation.

Detected by GCC 10 static analysis tool.
(cherry picked from commit 61fc23ca106bc82955b0e59d1ab42285b94899e2)

Co-authored-by: stratakis <cstratak@redhat.com>

bpo-37765: Add keywords to IDLE tab completions (GH-15138)

Keywords are present in the main module tab completion lists generated by rlcompleter, which is used by REPLs on *nix. Add all keywords to IDLE's main module name list except those already added from builtins (True, False, and None) . This list may also be used by Show Completions on the Edit menu, and its hot key.

Rewrite Completions doc.

Co-authored-by: Cheryl Sabella <cheryl.sabella@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit bce2eb4646021910aa4074d86f44a09b32d0b2b2)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-41172: Fix check for compiler in test suite (GH-21400)

(cherry picked from commit af56c4fc76ac39ce76d649d7bebf7f78c1add4fa)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-41199: Docstring convention not followed for dataclasses documentation page (GH-21413)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @ericvsmith
(cherry picked from commit 61bb24a270d15106decb1c7983bf4c2831671a75)

Co-authored-by: marload <rladhkstn8@gmail.com>

bpo-41252: Fix incorrect refcounting in _ssl.c's _servername_callback() (GH-21407)

(cherry picked from commit ee96f32ca24779656d3c8736d26671fc3689f0a3)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

bpo-40597: Allow email.contextmanager set_content() to set a null string. (GH-20542)

(cherry picked from commit 4fa61a7732923f92de0f7830c12da48c4cec937f)

Co-authored-by: Mark Sapiro <mark@msapiro.net>

bpo-41247: asyncio.set_running_loop() cache running loop holder (GH-21401)

The running loop holder cache variable was always set to NULL when
calling set_running_loop.

Now set_running_loop saves the newly created running loop holder in the
cache variable for faster access in get_running_loop.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @1st1
(cherry picked from commit 529f42645d38b6b0075f256814dfb3d220ac7d92)

Co-authored-by: Tony Solomonik <tony.solomonik@gmail.com>

Revert "bpo-40170: PyType_HasFeature() now always calls PyType_GetFlags() (GH-19378)" (GH-21390)

This partially reverts commit 45ec5b99aefa54552947049086e87ec01bc2fc9a.
(cherry picked from commit b26a0db8ea2de3a8a8e4b40e69fc8642c7d7cb68)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

closes bpo-41235: Fix the error handling in SSLContext.load_dh_params() (GH-21385)

(cherry picked from commit aebc0495572c5bb85d2bd97d27cf93ab038b5a6a)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

bpo-41173: Copy test results file from ARM worker before uploading (GH-21305)

(cherry picked from commit 10772ec1505a4583d662c051e577eb2d4fb6e755)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-41207 In distutils.spawn, rewrite FileNotFound (GH-21359)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @jaraco
(cherry picked from commit 6ae2780be0667a8dc52c4fb583171ec86067d700)

Co-authored-by: Jason R. Coombs <jaraco@jaraco.com>

bpo-41215: Make assertion in the new parser more strict (GH-21364)

(cherry picked from commit 782f44b8fb07ec33cee148b2b6b4cf53024fe0cd)

Co-authored-by: Lysandros Nikolaou <lisandrosnik@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41218: Only mark async code with CO_COROUTINE. (GH-21357) (GH-21362)

3.8.3 had a regression where compiling with
ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT woudl agressively mark things are
coroutine even if there were not.
(cherry picked from commit bd46174)

Co-authored-by: Matthias Bussonnier <bussonniermatthias@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Matthias Bussonnier <bussonniermatthias@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41215: Don't use NULL by default in the PEG parser keyword list (GH-21355) (GH-21356)

(cherry picked from commit 39e76c0fb07e20acad454deb86a0457b279884a9)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <pablogsal@gmail.com>
Automerge-Triggered-By: @lysnikolaou

bpo-29778: Ensure python3.dll is loaded from correct locations when Python is embedded (GH-21297)

Also enables using debug build of `python3_d.dll`
Reference: CVE-2020-15523
(cherry picked from commit dcbaa1b49cd9062fb9ba2b9d49555ac6cd8c60b5)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

[3.9] bpo-37207: Update whatsnews for 3.9 (GH-21337)

(cherry picked from commit b4a9263)

Co-authored-by: Dong-hee Na <donghee.na92@gmail.com>

bpo-41165: Deprecate PyEval_ReleaseLock() (GH-21309)

(cherry picked from commit 9ce8132e1f2339cfe116dfd4795574182c2245b4)

Co-authored-by: Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>

bpo-28681: Clarify multiple function names in the tutorial (GH-21340) (GH-21343)

* improve control flow docs

* Add also

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit d12af71047f0eae86440654d3ea74c032c7c3558)

Co-authored-by: Joannah Nanjekye <33177550+nanjekyejoannah@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Joannah Nanjekye <33177550+nanjekyejoannah@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-26205: Specify the number of nested scopes (GH-21324) (GH-21341)

* Clarify number of scopes

* Indicate 3 or 4

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit 9ed3cd8ba052b395ab50692bb65988b065d68e27)

Co-authored-by: Joannah Nanjekye <33177550+nanjekyejoannah@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Joannah Nanjekye <33177550+nanjekyejoannah@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-39168: Remove the __new__ method of typing.Generic (GH-21327)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gvanrossum
(cherry picked from commit 7fed75597fac11f9a6c769e2b6c6548fe0e4049d)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

bpo-41211: Doc: Fix PyLong_FromUnicode (GH-21331)

PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal is not used actually.

bpo-41211: Doc: Fix PyLong_FromUnicodeObject (GH-21325)

It doesn't use PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal. It uses a private API instead.
(cherry picked from commit 9c8441712230660fedac818ed50e7cdd89e4c51d)

Co-authored-by: Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>

Uncomment Py_DEPRECATED for Py_UNICODE APIs (GH-21318)

PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal and PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII
are deprecated since Python 3.3.
But Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) was commented out.
(cherry picked from commit 13c90e82b6a1c3baff7f48f1bdc38058f6072f04)

Co-authored-by: Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>

bpo-33864: Clarify the docs for typing.ByteString (GH-21311)

(cherry picked from commit b40e434386cd94a367d4a256e3364771140160e7)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

bpo-21222: Fix improperly merged change so that final hooks are called before types are cleared (GH-21304)

bpo-41162: Clear audit hooks later during finalization (GH-21222)

Co-authored-by: Konge <zkonge@outlook.com>

bpo-41180: Audit code.__new__ when unmarshalling (GH-21271)

(cherry picked from commit d160e0f8e283d0a8737644588b38e8c6a07c134f)

Co-authored-by: tkmikan <36260601+tkmikan@users.noreply.github.com>

Post 3.9.0b4

Merge tag 'v3.9.0b4' into 3.9

Python 3.9.0b4

[3.9] bpo-41194: The _ast module cannot be loaded more than once (GH-21290) (GH-21292)

* bpo-41194: Pass module state in Python-ast.c (GH-21284)

Rework asdl_c.py to pass the module state to functions in
Python-ast.c, instead of using astmodulestate_global.

Handle also PyState_AddModule() failure in init_types().

(cherry picked from commit 74419f0c64959bb8392fcf3659058410423038e1)

* bpo-41194: The _ast module cannot be loaded more than once (GH-21290)

Fix a crash in the _ast module: it can no longer be loaded more than
once. It now uses a global state rather than a module state.

* Move _ast module state: use a global state instead.
* Set _astmodule.m_size to -1, so the extension cannot be loaded more
  than once.

(cherry picked from commit 91e1bc18bd467a13bceb62e16fbc435b33381c82)

Improve code organization for the random module (GH-21161) (GH-21163)

bpo-39960: Allow heap types in the "Carlo Verre" hack check that override "tp_setattro()" (GH-21092)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gvanrossum
(cherry picked from commit 148f32913573c29250dfb3f0d079eb8847633621)

Co-authored-by: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>

Remove extraneous file from the Docs folder (GH-21286)

(cherry picked from commit 67673b08ea302174ca9c6559c04311550ae9f189)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

Python 3.9.0b4

bpo-41193: Ignore OSError in readline write_history() (GH-21279)

The write_history() atexit function of the readline completer now
ignores any OSError to ignore error if the filesystem is read-only,
instead of only ignoring FileNotFoundError and PermissionError.
(cherry picked from commit 0ab917e07ed64c6bfde6f6e791f9b28acc97b510)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.9] bpo-41043: Escape literal part of the path for glob(). (GH-20994). (GH-21275)

(cherry picked from commit 935586845815f5b4c7814794413f6a812d4bd45f)

bpo-40967: Remove deprecated asyncio.Task.current_task() and asyncio.Task.all_tasks() (GH-20874)

(cherry picked from commit 004e64e8059fe68a72890314673282f2e60d5ce1)

Co-authored-by: Rémi Lapeyre <remi.lapeyre@lenstra.fr>

bpo-41158: IDLE: rewrite the code for handling file encoding (GH-21215)

(cherry picked from commit 694d31e714074176f0c324f95948b75dc768c091)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] Add lysnikolaou to CODEOWNERS for the new parser (GH-21253)

Doc: Minor fix to init config C API documentation (GH-21198)

Co-authored-by: Tomer Vromen <tomer.vromen@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 741008a57bdc95090b8be6ded5a9fd3f17f7bf21)

Co-authored-by: tomerv <tomerv@gmail.com>

bpo-41161 Add news entry for libmpdec-2.5.0  (GH-21243) (#21244)

(cherry picked from commit 1648c99932f39f1c60972bb114e6a7bd65523818)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

Update FAQ release schedule and estimated users (GH-21180)

Update FAQ to include:
* The new yearly release schedule from PEP 602
* Estimated users from "tens of thousands" to "millions"
(cherry picked from commit 3fa4799c3f9d9de7cac30e5db3627e9e125b9ce5)

Co-authored-by: E-Paine <63801254+E-Paine@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-41123: Remove PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy in 3.10 (GH-21227)

bpo-41152: IDLE: always use UTF-8 for standard IO streams (GH-21214)

(cherry picked from commit 2515a28230b1a011205f30263da6b01c6bd167a3)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-41004: Resolve hash collisions for IPv4Interface and IPv6Interface (GH-21033)

The __hash__() methods of classes IPv4Interface and IPv6Interface had issue
of generating constant hash values of 32 and 128 respectively causing hash collisions.
The fix uses the hash() function to generate hash values for the objects
instead of XOR operation
(cherry picked from commit b30ee26e366bf509b7538d79bfec6c6d38d53f28)

Co-authored-by: Ravi Teja P <rvteja92@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41084: Fix test_fstring failure when using the old parser (GH-21212)

Update libmpdec license dates (GH-21216)

(cherry picked from commit a3ad95dd2176b529fb6a9f763955b5cc1b499dbb)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-41048: mimetypes should read the rule file using UTF-8, not the locale encoding (GH-20998)

(cherry picked from commit 7f569c9bc0079906012b3034d30fe8abc742e7fc)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి తాటిపర్తి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>

bpo-41123: Doc: PyLong_FromUnicode will be removed in 3.10 (GH-21205)

bpo-40874 Update the required libmpdec version for the decimal module (GH-21202)

(cherry picked from commit 8bea91b5e9ea07ca93958e131b436024f0b1b1cf)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-41138: Fix trace CLI for non-UTF-8 files. (GH-21177)

Fix also a resource warning when store counts and module info.
(cherry picked from commit 04cdeb7a5617c48102f45b965e683b12cdf934f8)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-41144: Fix IDLE open module error (GH-21182)

Could not open os.path.

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit 8ab77c6f9fb6ef86af8f6b8722a2fcb37438edd0)

Co-authored-by: E-Paine <63801254+E-Paine@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.9] bpo-38870: Extend subject of ast.unparse warnings (GH-21053) (GH-21191)

- Mention that some compiler optimizations might not roundtrip
exactly (such as constant tuples and frozensets).

- Add a warning about it might raise RecursionError on very
complex expressions due to the recursive unparsing aspect of ast.unparse
(cherry picked from commit 8df1016)

[3.9] Add soft keywords to the documentation (GH-21185) (GH-21187)

(cherry picked from commit 89e82c4)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-35975: Only use cf_feature_version if PyCF_ONLY_AST in cf_flags (#21022)

[3.9] bpo-41076: Pre-feed the parser with the f-string expression location (GH-21054) (GH-21190)

This commit changes the parsing of f-string expressions with the new parser. The parser gets pre-fed with the location of the expression itself (not the f-string, which was what we were doing before). This allows us to completely skip the shifting of the AST nodes after the parsing is completed..
(cherry picked from commit 1f0f4abb110b9fbade6175842b6a26ab0b8df6dd)

[3.9] bpo-40769: Allow extra surrounding parentheses for invalid annotated assignment rule (GH-20387) (GH-21186)

(cherry picked from commit c8f29ad986f8274fc5fbf889bdd2a211878856b9)

bpo-41084: Adjust message when an f-string expression causes a SyntaxError (GH-21084)

Prefix the error message with `fstring: `, when parsing an f-string expression throws a `SyntaxError`.
(cherry picked from commit 2e0a920e9eb540654c0bb2298143b00637dc5961)

Co-authored-by: Lysandros Nikolaou <lisandrosnik@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41132: Use pymalloc allocator in the f-string parser (GH-21173) (GH-21183)

(cherry picked from commit 6dcbc2422de9e2a7ff89a4689572d84001e230b2)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @pablogsal

Remove dead code from tracemalloc (GH-21029)

tracemalloc_get_frame() checked filename == NULL two times in a row.

Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
(cherry picked from commit 9cfcdb7d6e4d09bde63bc7116b2ab0d96724527e)

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

bpo-41100: clarify NEWS item about macOS 11 support (GH-21174)

(cherry picked from commit 2f168c6356f92c38ae7751d2faf2b266a9356229)

Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>

[3.9] bpo-41119: Output correct error message for list/tuple followed by colon (GH-21160) (GH-21172)

(cherry picked from commit 4b85e60601489f9ee9dd2909e28d89a31566887c)

[3.9] bpo-41069: Make TESTFN and the CWD for tests containing non-ascii characters. (GH-21035). (GH-21156)

(cherry picked from commit 700cfa8c90a90016638bac13c4efd03786b2b2a0)

BPO-41100: Support macOS 11 when building (GH-21113)

(cherry picked from commit 8ea6353f60625c96ce96588c70ff24a77f8c71f9)

Co-authored-by: Ronald Oussoren <ronaldoussoren@mac.com>

bpo-41112: Fix test_peg_generator on non-UTF-8 locales. (GH-21138)

(cherry picked from commit aad8f0eeca93b2150760b5e59ed0495e47d1be1e)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-41113: Fix test_warnings on non-Western locales. (GH-21143)

(cherry picked from commit 0f8ec1fff01173803645ad6a8aea24997bf66fc1)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41009: fix requires_OS_version() class decorator (GH-20942) (GH-20947)

Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
Automerge-Triggered-By: @tiran.
(cherry picked from commit bb6ec14479f18c32e71e43f2785f177aa17aabbd)

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

bpo-35773: Fix test_bdb on non-UTF-8 locales. (GH-21136)

(cherry picked from commit 94eee69e9b3a7e7d33142a47ffea560beb8f1596)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-40204: Pin Sphinx version to 2.3.1 in ``Doc/Makefile``. (GH-21141)

(cherry picked from commit 589e8fe07934a8585d6c5c31d12ae5f766b8fec7)

Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>

bpo-39580: add check for CLI installation on macOS (GH-20271)

Adds a simple check for whether or not the package is being installed in the GUI or using installer on the command line. This addresses an issue where CLI-based software management tools (such as Munki) unexpectedly open Finder windows into a GUI session during installation runs.
(cherry picked from commit 5f190d2cc60cd82a604cbffb58b6ca8f40350a7a)

Co-authored-by: Rick Heil <rickheil@partnersandsimons.com>

Forward port macOS installer updates from 3.7/3.8 (GH-21132) (GH-21135)

- fix installer builds when using latest versions of Python 3
- fix installer builds on newer macOS releases with SIP
- Python Launcher app factory defaults now use python3

bpo-41074: Fix support of non-ASCII names and SQL in msilib. (GH-21126)

* Fix support of non-ASCII names in functions OpenDatabase()
  and init_database().
* Fix support of non-ASCII SQL in method Database.OpenView().
(cherry picked from commit 55939b1708d6fc0d36d2be11ccdc6bf207e1bd41)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-40773: Fix rendering for 'retval' on the pdb page (GH-21081)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @merwok
(cherry picked from commit cf18c9e9d4d44f6671a3fe6011bb53d8ee9bd92b)

Co-authored-by: Arisaka97 <solitaire2312@gmail.com>

bpo-41094: Additional fix for PYTHONSTARTUP. (GH-21119)

(cherry picked from commit a7dc71470156680f1fd5243290c6d377824b7ef4)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-41038: Fix non-ASCII string corruption in Win32 resource files (GH-20985)

In absence of explicit declaration, resource compiler uses system
codepage. When this codepage is DBCS or UTF-8, Python's copyright
string is corrupted, because it contains copyright sign encoded
as \xA9.

The fix is to explicitly declare codepage 1252.
(cherry picked from commit 33b79b11b891adea5a916df8e3779505b37aabe7)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Nemkin <nikita@nemkin.ru>

bpo-41094: Fix decoding errors with audit when open files. (GH-21095)

(cherry picked from commit 6c6810d98979add7a89391c3c38990d0859f7a29)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.9] bpo-41056: Fix a possible MemoryError leak within zoneinfo. (GH-21007)

This was detected by our Coverity scan as a REVERSE_INULL issue.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gpshead
(cherry picked from commit d780fa7)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

bpo-41005: Fixed perrmission error (GH-20936) (GH-21051)

* fixed issue 41005: webbrowser fails when xdg-settings cannot be executed

Co-authored-by: KrishnaSai2020 <krishnasai.chivukula@gmal.com>
Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9e27bc0c1efc7478872f98729f87886e9333548f)

Co-authored-by: Krishna Chivukula <63070026+KrishnaSai2020@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Krishna Chivukula <63070026+KrishnaSai2020@users.noreply.github.com>