bpo-39869: Fix typo in 'Instance objects' section. (GH-18889)

(cherry picked from commit e5e56328afac50aad6d8893185d8e7ba8928afe2)

Co-authored-by: Antoine <43954001+awecx@users.noreply.github.com>

Link to list of keywords in the laguage reference (GH-18024)

(cherry picked from commit 33238ec2af379e837cabc3945db5df8e23bf43e9)

Co-authored-by: Борис Верховский <boris.verk@gmail.com>

bpo-38576: Disallow control characters in hostnames in http.client (GH-18995)

Add host validation for control characters for more CVE-2019-18348 protection.
(cherry picked from commit 9165addc22d05e776a54319a8531ebd0b2fe01ef)

Co-authored-by: Ashwin Ramaswami <aramaswamis@gmail.com>

bpo-39677: dis: rename the operand of MAKE_FUNCTION from `argc` to `flags` for 3.6+ (GC-18550)

(cherry picked from commit 6672c16b1d7f83789bf3a2016bd19edfd3568e71)

Co-authored-by: Taine Zhao <twshere@outlook.com>

bpo-39582: ossaudiodev module update helpers signature for ioctl calls. (GH-18412)

(cherry picked from commit b81f40f0adae3b1d1e57f9a89940ba827b9ede70)

Co-authored-by: David CARLIER <devnexen@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-39871: Fix possible SystemError in atan2, copysign and remainder (GH-18806) (GH-18989)

In math_2(), the first PyFloat_AsDouble() call should be checked
for failure before the second call.

Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>.
(cherry picked from commit 5208b4b37953a406db0ed6a9db545c2948dde989)

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

bpo-39915: Ensure await_args_list is updated according to the order in which coroutines were awaited (GH-18927)

Create call objects with awaited arguments instead of using call_args which has only last call value.
(cherry picked from commit e553f204bf0e39b1d701a364bc71b286acb9433f)

Co-authored-by: Karthikeyan Singaravelan <tir.karthi@gmail.com>

[3.8] Doc: Fix grammar in PyErr_ResourceWarning (GH-18879) (GH-18976)

(cherry picked from commit fdcd53f)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Hahler <git@thequod.de>

bpo-39689: Do not test undefined casts to _Bool (GH-18964) (#18966)

- When casting to _Bool, arrays should only contain zeros or ones.
(cherry picked from commit 1ae9cde4b2323235b5f9ff4bc76e4175a2257172)

Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-39930: Fix MSBuild detection for Build Tools (GH-18938)

Ensure we detect Build Tools installs using the newer logic, and skip looking in the registry for VS 2017.
(cherry picked from commit 894adc18b4fb7246b762276a50a332c0e4f0e0f0)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-39884: Add method name in "bad call flags" error (GH-18944) (GH-18956)

PyDescr_NewMethod() and PyCFunction_NewEx() now include the method
name in the SystemError "bad call flags" error message to ease debug.

(cherry picked from commit c7d2d69d95b263ee5f83511bc6fbe53acdc24ea3)

[3.8] bpo-38643: Raise SystemError instead of crashing when PyNumber_ToBase is called with invalid base. (GH-18863). (GH-18954)

(cherry picked from commit e5ccc94bbb153431698b2391df625e8d47a93276)

Fix syntax error in an example in the ast documentation and sync docstrings (GH-18946)

(cherry picked from commit c00c86b90443dbf3534cc4786a0b42b58db6e8af)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

bpo-39847: EnterNonRecursiveMutex() uses GetTickCount64() (GH-18780)

The 32-bit (49-day) TickCount relied on in EnterNonRecursiveMutex can overflow
in the gap between the 'target' time and the 'now' time WaitForSingleObjectEx
returns, causing the loop to think it needs to wait another 49 days. This is
most likely to happen when the machine is hibernated during
WaitForSingleObjectEx.

This makes acquiring a lock/event/etc from the _thread or threading module
appear to never timeout.

Replace with GetTickCount64 - this is OK now Python no longer supports XP which
lacks it, and is in use for time.monotonic().

Co-authored-by: And Clover <and.clover@bromium.com>
(cherry picked from commit 64838ce7172c7a92183b39b22504b433a33a884d)

Co-authored-by: bobince <and+github@doxdesk.com>

bpo-39520: Fix un-parsing of ext slices with no dimensions (GH-18304)

(cherry picked from commit 185903de12de8837bf0dc0008a16e5e56c66a019)

Co-authored-by: Batuhan Taşkaya <47358913+isidentical@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-39916: Use os.scandir() as context manager in Path.glob(). (GH-18880)

(cherry picked from commit 704e2065f8b8021a4a6999470fb6ed3453f7679e)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-39930: Convert error to warning for more silent failure (GH-18921)

Makes it an error to create a layout without vcruntime DLL
(cherry picked from commit fde44ae6d08d3df79554155b1cf079e73a8fabdd)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-39930: Ensure vcruntime140.dll is included in all Windows packages (GH-18918)

Also adds GitHub CI test for Windows installer changes
(cherry picked from commit 2dd41740c97bd77695ddcc590caa7f53e76dc35a)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

Fix download.html (GH-18902)

`<tt>` is not allowed.

Co-authored-by: Kyle Stanley <aeros167@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 39c34933fc958fd773ebf14ccd2e0224450b17ed)

Co-authored-by: Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>

bpo-38662: ensurepip invokes pip via runpy (GH-18901)

The ensurepip module now invokes pip via the runpy module.
Hence it is no longer tightly coupled with the internal API of the bundled
pip version, allowing easier updates to a newer pip version both
internally and for distributors.

This way, any changes to the internal pip API won't mean ensurepip needs to be
changed as well. Also, distributors can update their pip wheels independent on
CPython release schedule.

Co-Authored-By: Pradyun Gedam <pradyunsg@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: Miro Hrončok <miro@hroncok.cz>
(cherry picked from commit 88f82b2b9ea3514359cb6e3218121f75334063ac)

Co-authored-by: Miro Hrončok <miro@hroncok.cz>

tracemalloc: 'pretty top' example no longer changes the filename (GH-18903)

I've used this recipe a couple times and the filename editing has always
been less than useful and something I've removed. This is because many
modules end up losing which package they are located in, e.g. `util/date.py`.
(cherry picked from commit d06eec218eac81225f9017951cddfc211fed9325)

Co-authored-by: Adam Johnson <me@adamj.eu>

[3.8] bpo-39828: Fix json.tool to catch BrokenPipeError (GH-18779). (GH-18894)

(cherry picked from commit 700cb587303461d5a96456c56902cfdd8ad50e2d)

Co-authored-by: Dong-hee Na <donghee.na92@gmail.com>
Automerge-Triggered-By: @vstinner

bpo-27115: Use Query subclass for IDLE editor Goto (GH-18871)

Replace tkinter tkSimpleDialog.askinteger with a standard IDLE query dialog.
The new box checks for positivity before returning.
(cherry picked from commit 363fab83b8a0e6d924c7a7c577feec6a2812bb8c)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-36184: Port python-gdb.py to FreeBSD (GH-18873)

python-gdb.py now checks for "take_gil" function name to check if a
frame tries to acquire the GIL, instead of checking for
"pthread_cond_timedwait" which is specific to Linux and can be a
different condition than the GIL.
(cherry picked from commit 6d0ee60740f2862a878f009671b1aaa75aeb0c2a)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.8] bpo-39850: Add support for abstract sockets in multiprocessing (GH-18866) (GH-18876)

(cherry picked from commit 6012f30beff7fa8396718dfb198ccafc333c565b)

bpo-39903: Fix double decref in _elementtree.Element.__getstate__ (GH-18850)

(cherry picked from commit 88944a44aa84b0f3674939019b1befbc7a9dc874)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-27115: Move IDLE Query error blanking (GH-18868)

Move required blanking of error text to non-overridden entry_ok().
(Omit news item.)
(cherry picked from commit e53a3932cb01683b0fa8a7448ca25a2e658c39e6)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-39517: Allow runpy.run_path() to accept path-like objects (GH-18699)

(cherry picked from commit 0911ea5c172264eaefa3efe4a1788159c160920d)

Co-authored-by: Maor Kleinberger <kmaork@gmail.com>

bpo-39885: IDLE context menu clears selection  (GH-18859)

Since clicking to get an IDLE context menu moves the cursor,
any text selection should be and now is cleared.
(cherry picked from commit 4ca060d8ad7c6df1fd4df30f9a14f6aa35380c09)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-39852: IDLE 'Go to line' deletes selection, updates status (GH-18801)

It appears standard that moving the text insert cursor away from a selection clears the
selection.  Clearing prevents accidental deletion of a possibly off-screen bit of text.
The update is for Ln and Col on the status bar.
(cherry picked from commit 2522db11df102be3baf25ce9e816ebe8ffdb7fcc)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

fix typo: add space (GH-18853)

Fix typo in cmdline.rst
Add space between the `-m` option and the module name (`timeit`).
(cherry picked from commit c580981ba01c4d9f721dbdd88208ba37704e0217)

Co-authored-by: Julin S <48789920+ju-sh@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-38894: Fix pathlib.Path.glob in the presence of symlinks and insufficient permissions (GH-18815)

Co-authored-by: Matt Wozniski <mwozniski@bloomberg.net>
(cherry picked from commit eb7560a73d46800e4ade4a8869139b48e6c92811)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-39889: Fix unparse.py for subscript. (GH-18824). (GH-18826)

(cherry picked from commit c4928fc1a853f3f84e2b4ec1253d0349137745e5)

bpo-39837: Disable macOS tests on Azure Pipelines (GH-18818)

(cherry picked from commit 31350f9af09dcff7cf6ff4b0a0a7ea595942372e)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-17422: slightly more precise language (GH-18682)

(cherry picked from commit e59334ebc9308b0f3ad048ef293c6b49e6456d1a)

Co-authored-by: Caleb Donovick <cdonovick@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-39868: Update Language Reference for PEP 572. (GH-18793)

(cherry picked from commit 8bae21962bab2fac7630982abd73676b89930902)

Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@gmail.com>

IDLE doc: improve Startup failure subsection. (GH-18771)

Eliminate repeat of 'Options', reported by Jules Lasne, and improve wording elsewhere.

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit ce305d641074931e4e790f7a83e28f74910644e5)

Co-authored-by: Jules Lasne (jlasne) <jules.lasne@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-39808: Improve docs for pathlib.Path.stat() (GH-18719) (GH-18783)

(cherry picked from commit 67152d0ed670227b61b5df683655b196ab04ca1a)

Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <54418+brettcannon@users.noreply.github.com>
Automerge-Triggered-By: @brettcannon

bpo-13487: Use sys.modules.copy() in inspect.getmodule() for thread safety. (GH-18786)

`list(sys.modules.items())` was apparently not immune to "dictionary
changed size during iteration" errors.

Tested internally using an integration test that has run into this a couple of times in the past two years.  With this patch applied, the test is no longer flaky.
(cherry picked from commit 85cf1d514b84dc9a4bcb40e20a12e1d82ff19f20)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <gps@google.com>

Add a missing space after a period in 'typing.TypedDict' documentation (GH-18784)

(cherry picked from commit d4a09c13ddd91a9bc1b4ba76ff4e8a153334a1e2)

Co-authored-by: Miss Islington (bot) <31488909+miss-islington@users.noreply.github.com>

Fix misleading statement about mixed-type numeric comparisons (GH-18615) (#18773)

(cherry picked from commit 9f1cb1bb49476246de5d9ed5fe680301cf7f7571)

Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <mdickinson@enthought.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>

bpo-39831: Remove outdated comment. (GH-18764)

(cherry picked from commit ae75a294352e9b9487f5dc8e88f068e7e6974dc2)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-39674: Update collections ABC deprecation doc (GH-18748)

 bpo-39776: Lock ++interp->tstate_next_unique_id. (GH-18746) (#18746) (#18752)

- Threads created by PyGILState_Ensure() could have a duplicate tstate->id.

(cherry picked from commit b3b9ade4a3d3fe00d933bcd8fc5c5c755d1024f9)

bpo-39778: Add clarification about tp_traverse and ownership (GH-18754)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @pablogsal
(cherry picked from commit 6df421fe87a9418d6c59f89dbc5d5573b6826855)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-39831: Fix a reference leak in PyErr_WarnEx(). (GH-18750) (GH-18761)

(cherry picked from commit 2d2f855)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

bpo-38597: Never statically link extension initialization code on Windows (GH-18724)

(cherry picked from commit ce3a4984089b8e0ce5422ca32d75ad057b008074)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

[3.8] bpo-39778: Don't traverse weak-reference lists OrderedDict's tp_traverse and tp_clear (GH-18749) (GH-18756)

Objects do not own weak references to them directly through the __weakref__ list so these
do not need to be traversed by the GC.

(cherry picked from commit 0c2b509)

bpo-38380: Update macOS & Windows builds to SQLite v3.31.1 (GH-18678)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @zooba
(cherry picked from commit 1382c3289bcfd34ac6811fdf9aa5bc09ca8c320e)

Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@innova.no>

bpo-39764: Make Task.get_stack accept ag_frame (GH-18669)

Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 4482337decdbd0c6e2150346a68b3616bda664aa)

Co-authored-by: Lidi Zheng <scallopsky@gmail.com>

bpo-38971: Open file in codecs.open() closes if exception raised. (GH-17666)

Open issue in the BPO indicated a desire to make the implementation of
codecs.open() at parity with io.open(), which implements a try/except to
assure file stream gets closed before an exception is raised.
(cherry picked from commit 2565edec2c974b2acca03b4cc5025e83f903ddd7)

Co-authored-by: Chris A <christopher.aporta@gmail.com>

bpo-38410: Properly handle PySys_Audit() failures (GH-18658)

_PyEval_SetAsyncGenFinalizer() and _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFirstiter()
didn't include proper error handling for their PySys_Audit() calls.

Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-38913: Fix segfault in Py_BuildValue("(sGH-O)", ...) if entered with exception raised. (GH-18656). (GH-18732)

(cherry picked from commit 28d0bcac8b7e6dbd28311f1283dabb6a4d649fcb)

bpo-39378: partial of PickleState struct should be traversed. (GH-18046)

(cherry picked from commit 1f577ce363121d590b51abf5c41d1bcf3d751436)

Co-authored-by: Hai Shi <shihai1992@gmail.com>

[3.8] bpo-39815: add cached_property to all (GH-18726) (GH-18728)

Automerge-Triggered-By: @pablogsal.
(cherry picked from commit 217dce9ee6e3cf27a0cedbe1e4a6455776373ec2)

Co-authored-by: Hakan Çelik <hakancelik96@outlook.com>

bpo-39769: Fix compileall ddir for subpkgs. (GH-18676) (GH-18718)

Fix compileall.compile_dir() ddir= behavior on sub-packages.

Fixes compileall.compile_dir's ddir parameter and compileall command
line flag `-d` to no longer write the wrong pathname to the generated
pyc file for submodules beneath the root of the directory tree being
compiled.  This fixes a regression introduced with Python 3.5.

Tests backported from GH 02673352b5db6ca4d3dc804965facbedfe66425d, the
implementation is different due to intervening code changes.  But still
quiet simple.

Why was the bug ever introduced?  The refactoring to add parallel
execution kept the ddir -> dfile computations but discarded the results
instead of sending them to compile_file().  This fixes that.  Lack of tests
meant this went unnoticed.

[3.8] Explicitly initialize like the surrounding code (GH-18717)

[3.8] Fix syntax (GH-18716)

[3.8] bpo-39794: Add --without-decimal-contextvar (GH-18702)

(cherry picked from commit 815280eb160af637e1347213659f9236adf78f80)

bpo-39548: Fix handling of 'WWW-Authenticate' header for Digest Auth (GH-18338)

* bpo-39548: Fix handling of 'WWW-Authenticate' header for Digest authentication

 - The 'qop' value in the 'WWW-Authenticate' header is optional. The
   presence of 'qop' in the header should be checked before its value
   is parsed with 'split'.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Balousek <stephen@balousek.net>
* bpo-39548: Fix handling of 'WWW-Authenticate' header for Digest authentication

 - Add NEWS item

Signed-off-by: Stephen Balousek <stephen@balousek.net>
* Update Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-02-06-05-33-52.bpo-39548.DF4FFe.rst

Co-Authored-By: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5e260e0fde211829fcb67060cfd602f4b679f802)

Co-authored-by: Stephen Balousek <sbalousek@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-39789: Update Windows release build machines to VS 2019 (GH-18695)

Also fixes some potential Nuget build issues.
(cherry picked from commit 03153dd1459fab94f294a118ed1525e34d58601a)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

bpo-39718: add TYPE_IGNORE, COLONEQUAL to py38 changes in token (GH-18598)

(cherry picked from commit c2f7eb254bee036afc8a71437ec6aac82f06a1ce)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-13790: Change 'string' to 'specification' in format doc (GH-18690)

(cherry picked from commit 916895f93905f8b8dad677cceff501833f5a633a)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-39781: Do not jump when select in IDLE codecontext (GH-18683)

Previously, the button-up part of selecting with a mouse was treated as a click
that meant 'jump' to this line, which modified the context and undid the selection
(cherry picked from commit c705fd1e89ccb8f6d414ec817b4616546147d877)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

bpo-39699: Don't silence make on Azure and Github CIs (GH-18583)

Co-authored-by: Ammar Askar <ammar_askar@hotmail.com>

Doc: int -> int or Py_ssize_t (GH-18663)

(cherry picked from commit 57c7a0bdf4f7da8cf47f797f075950f6b8c98b99)

Co-authored-by: Inada Naoki <songofacandy@gmail.com>

bpo-38403: Update nuspec file for deprecated field and git repository (GH-18657)

(cherry picked from commit d6448919702142123d937a54f20a81aeaf8d2acc)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

Post 3.8.2

Merge tag 'v3.8.2' into 3.8

Python 3.8.2

bpo-30566: Fix IndexError when using punycode codec (GH-18632)

Trying to decode an invalid string with the punycode codec
shoud raise UnicodeError.

(cherry picked from commit ba22e8f174309979d90047c5dc64fcb63bc2c32e)

Co-authored-by: Berker Peksag <berker.peksag@gmail.com>

Python 3.8.2

bpo-39128: Added algorithm description (GH-18624)

GH- [bpo-39128](https://bugs.python.org/issue39128): happy eyeballs description

GH- [3.9] 39128 - happy eyeballs description (GH-18624)
GH- [3.8] 39128 - happy eyeballs description (GH-18624)

https://bugs.python.org/issue39128
(cherry picked from commit 8af4712a16e4b7d1b60f1faec13cd7a88da95f6a)

Co-authored-by: idomic <michael.ido@gmail.com>

Add note to Mac installer ReadMe about macOS 10.15 Gatekeeper changes. (GH-18647)

Give proper credit for figuring out and writing PEP-3118 tests. (GH-18644) (#18646)

(cherry picked from commit b942ba03b8530f26240d4e36567d2ff42d701420)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

Give proper credits for the memoryview implementation. (GH-18626) (#18642)

(cherry picked from commit ee3bac4cba56b51ce924f13d77b97131eec1a865)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-39649: Remove obsolete check for `__args__` in bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry (GH-18531)

Appears to be obsolete since 75bb54c3d8.

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit 4015d1cda3cdba869103779eb6ff32ad798ff885)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Hahler <git@thequod.de>

bpo-39654: Update pyclbr doc to reflect additional information returned (GH-18528)

Full nested function and class info makes it a module browser.

Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit aea045adb8c90394264908670cbc495c5a41b65e)

Co-authored-by: Hakan Çelik <hakancelik96@outlook.com>

bpo-39681: Fix C pickle regression with minimal file-like objects (GH-18592) (#18630)

Fix a regression where the C pickle module wouldn't allow unpickling from a
file-like object that doesn't expose a readinto() method.
(cherry picked from commit 9f37872e307734666a7169f7be6e3370d3068282)

Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>

[3.8] bpo-39427: Document -X opt options in the CLI --help and the man page (GH-18131) (GH-18133)

https://bugs.python.org/issue39427

Automerge-Triggered-By: @pablogsal
(cherry picked from commit 41f0ef6abbd304409c55612a08788cdd59fbc8a3)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

bpo-39576: Clarify the word size for the 32-bit build. (GH-18616) (#18618)

(cherry picked from commit b76518d43fb82ed9e5d27025d18c90a23d525c90)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-17422: Language reference should specify restrictions on class namespace (GH-18559)

The language reference now specifies restrictions on class namespaces.  Adapted from a patch by Ethan Furman.
(cherry picked from commit fbe2e0bb8a7ee75d0f9d57682436dac7d69e202e)

Co-authored-by: ananthan-123 <ananthakrishnan15.2001@gmail.com>

bpo-39382: Avoid dangling object use in abstract_issubclass() (GH-18530)

Hold reference of __bases__ tuple until tuple item is done with, because by
dropping the reference the item may be destroyed.
(cherry picked from commit 1c56f8ffad44478b4214a2bf8eb7cf51c28a347a)

Co-authored-by: Yonatan Goldschmidt <yon.goldschmidt@gmail.com>

bpo-39576: docs: set context for decimal arbitrary precision arithmetic (GH-18594) (#18597)

(cherry picked from commit a025d4ca99fb4c652465368e0b4eb03cf4b316b9)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

fix(doc): set correct RST syntax for c:function (GH-18589)

The current content is not rendered since the syntax is not correct.
(cherry picked from commit d4d17fd2cf69e7c8f4cd03fbf2d575370945b952)

Co-authored-by: Julien Danjou <julien@danjou.info>

bpo-38657: Clarify numeric padding behaviour in string formatting (GH-17036)

Make the definition of the width more explicit that it includes any
extra signs added by other options.

https://bugs.python.org/issue38657

Automerge-Triggered-By: @Mariatta
(cherry picked from commit 424e5686d82235e08f8108b8bbe034bc91421689)

Co-authored-by: Pete Wicken <2273100+JamoBox@users.noreply.github.com>

bpo-39576: Prevent memory error for overly optimistic precisions (GH-18581) (#18584)

(cherry picked from commit 90930e65455f60216f09d175586139242dbba260)

Authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-39184: Fix incorrect return value (GH-18580)

https://bugs.python.org/issue39184

Automerge-Triggered-By: @zooba
(cherry picked from commit 6c444d0dab8f06cf304263b34beb299101cef3de)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

Valgrind no longer supports --db-attach=yes. (GH-18568) (#18576)

(cherry picked from commit c0cb8beb389da3ba67ad31b1ecc95e100b6292ab)

Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>
Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

Use the new recommended number of repetitions in the refleak tests. (GH-18569) (#18574)

(cherry picked from commit 1246d892038a693304549f8574e6c2784b91589a)

Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>
Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

Update runall.bat to the latest Windows build system. (GH-18571) (#18573)

(cherry picked from commit 9b833e00e447a3b8b6966686bff701f549c66263)

Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>
Co-authored-by: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

bpo-39572: Document ’total’ flag of TypedDict (GH-18554)

(cherry picked from commit ab6423fe2de0ed5f8a0dc86a9c7070229326b0f0)

Co-authored-by: ananthan-123 <ananthakrishnan15.2001@gmail.com>

bpo-39555: Fix distutils test to handle _d suffix on Windows debug build (GH-18357) (GH-18548)

https://bugs.python.org/issue39555

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>
(cherry picked from commit ab0d892288f3058856a8213333e8c3e4ed8a562b)

bpo-39432: Implement PEP-489 algorithm for non-ascii "PyInit_*" symbol names in distutils (GH-18150) (GH-18546)

Make it export the correct init symbol also on Windows.

https://bugs.python.org/issue39432
(cherry picked from commit 9538bc9185e934bee2bd5ae2cda2b2e92a61906d)

Co-authored-by: Stefan Behnel <stefan_ml@behnel.de>

Post 3.8.2rc2

Merge tag 'v3.8.2rc2' into 3.8

Python 3.8.2rc2

[3.8] bpo-39546: argparse: Honor allow_abbrev=False for specified prefix_chars (GH-18337) (GH-18543)

When `allow_abbrev` was first added, disabling the abbreviation of
long options broke the grouping of short flags ([bpo-26967](https://bugs.python.org/issue26967)).  As a fix,
b1e4d1b603 (contained in v3.8) ignores `allow_abbrev=False` for a
given argument string if the string does _not_ start with "--"
(i.e. it doesn't look like a long option).

This fix, however, doesn't take into account that long options can
start with alternative characters specified via `prefix_chars`,
introducing a regression: `allow_abbrev=False` has no effect on long
options that start with an alternative prefix character.

The most minimal fix would be to replace the "starts with --" check
with a "starts with two prefix_chars characters".  But
`_get_option_tuples` already distinguishes between long and short
options, so let's instead piggyback off of that check by moving the
`allow_abbrev` condition into `_get_option_tuples`.

https://bugs.python.org/issue39546
(cherry picked from commit 8edfc47baec7ff4cb1b9db83dd35c8ffc1d498a4)

Co-authored-by: Kyle Meyer <kyle@kyleam.com>
https://bugs.python.org/issue39546

Automerge-Triggered-By: @encukou

bpo-39663: IDLE: Add additional tests for pyparse (GH-18536)

Test when find_good_parse_start should return 0.

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit ffda25f6b825f3dee493b6f0746266a4dd6989f0)

Co-authored-by: Cheryl Sabella <cheryl.sabella@gmail.com>

Python 3.8.2rc2

[3.8] bpo-39453: Fix contains method of list to hold strong references (GH-18204)

bpo-32892: Update the documentation for handling constants in AST. (GH-18514)

(cherry picked from commit 85a2eef473a2c9ed3ab9c6ee339891fe99adbbc9)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>