gh-94526: getpath_dirname() no longer encodes the path (GH-97645)

Fix the Python path configuration used to initialized sys.path at
Python startup. Paths are no longer encoded to UTF-8/strict to avoid
encoding errors if it contains surrogate characters (bytes paths are
decoded with the surrogateescape error handler).

getpath_basename() and getpath_dirname() functions no longer encode
the path to UTF-8/strict, but work directly on Unicode strings. These
functions now use PyUnicode_FindChar() and PyUnicode_Substring() on
the Unicode path, rather than strrchr() on the encoded bytes string.
(cherry picked from commit 9f2f1dd131b912e224cd0269adde8879799686c4)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

gh-90989: Clarify some installer text (GH-97668)

[3.11] Use SyntaxError invalid range in tutorial introduction example (GH-93031) (GH-97666)

Use SyntaxError invalid range in tutorial introduction example (GH-93031)

Use output from a 3.10+ REPL, showing invalid range, for the
SyntaxError examples in the tutorial introduction page.

Co-authored-by: Eddie Hebert <eddie@eddiehebert.com>

gh-96397: Document that attributes need not be identifiers (GH-96454)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
(cherry picked from commit 9a11ed8e50492d327e4de0a8f3a473e788b14a6f)

Co-authored-by: Jeff Allen <ja.py@farowl.co.uk>

closes gh-97650: correct sphinx executable (gh-97651)

(cherry picked from commit 0179a82caa05a322d1dbab05155be6f919c281ff)

Co-authored-by: NoSuck <NoSuck@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-52597: Add position-only markers for os functions (GH-94735)

(cherry picked from commit c759944f16ed9887a77d5ebd738f17f3892c2476)

Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-91212: Fixed flickering when the tracer is turned off (GH-95129)

Fixed flickering when the tracer is turned off.
(cherry picked from commit 4652093e1b816b78e9a585d671a807ce66427417)

Co-authored-by: Shin-myoung-serp <relent95@naver.com>

[3.11] gh-96357: Improve `typing.get_overloads` coverage (GH-96358) (#96371)

gh-96357: Improve `typing.get_overloads` coverage (GH-96358)
(cherry picked from commit 675e3470ccf3804a36a9cd451b813e9bd655aeb3)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

gh-97612: Fix shell injection in get-remote-certificate.py (GH-97613)

Fix a shell code injection vulnerability in the
get-remote-certificate.py example script. The script no longer uses a
shell to run "openssl" commands. Issue reported and initial fix by
Caleb Shortt.

Remove the Windows code path to send "quit" on stdin to the "openssl
s_client" command: use DEVNULL on all platforms instead.

Co-authored-by: Caleb Shortt <caleb@rgauge.com>
(cherry picked from commit 83a0f44ffd8b398673ae56c310cf5768d359c341)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

gh-97616: list_resize() checks for integer overflow (GH-97617)

Fix multiplying a list by an integer (list *= int): detect the
integer overflow when the new allocated length is close to the
maximum size.  Issue reported by Jordan Limor.

list_resize() now checks for integer overflow before multiplying the
new allocated length by the list item size (sizeof(PyObject*)).
(cherry picked from commit a5f092f3c469b674b8d9ccbd4e4377230c9ac7cf)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

Fix typo in error message in plistlib (GH-97540)

(cherry picked from commit 81b9d9ddc20837ecd19f41b764e3f33d8ae805d5)

Co-authored-by: Jakob Weigert <jakobjw@users.noreply.github.com>

fixup policy docs (GH-97618)

(cherry picked from commit 9a404b173e57ce171a867cfc3776cdf88d6c553f)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>

Fix docs on conditional expression grouping (GH-96447) (GH-97606)

[3.11] gh-65046: Add note about logging from async code. (GH-97602) (GH-97608)

gh-96377: Update asyncio policy doc intro paras to be clear and accurate (GH-97603)

Also fix up some cross-references in the asyncio docs.
(cherry picked from commit cc0f3a10f0ee507d9044ef9036cf3e711c5338a9)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>

gh-96478: Fix new test when run in refleak mode (GH-96615)

./python.exe -m test -R : test.test_typing would fail, apparently
because the dictionary used in the @patch decorator was modified.
(cherry picked from commit f0d9136c69b4ed32bfb3096f926da098623a7072)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

gh-73588: Fix generation of the default name of tkinter.Checkbutton. (GH-97547)

Previously, checkbuttons in different parent widgets could have the same
short name and share the same state if arguments "name" and "variable" are
not specified. Now they are globally unique.
(cherry picked from commit adbed2d542a815b8175db965742211856b19b52f)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-96959: Update more HTTP links (GH-97536)

Use HTTPS for documents which are available by both HTTP and HTTPS
links, but there is no redirection from HTTP to HTTPS or vice versa.
(cherry picked from commit dd53b79de0ea98af6a11481217a961daef4e9774)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-97545: Make Semaphore run faster. (GH-97549)

(cherry picked from commit 68c46ae68b6e0c36a12e37285fff9ce0782ed01e)

Co-authored-by: Cyker Way <cykerway@gmail.com>

GH-65046: Fix docs about logging in `asyncio` (GH-97559)

Explain that logging should not use network I/O.
(cherry picked from commit d68c37c0d08542a346a13b150a204208bb0408f5)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-96848: Fix -X int_max_str_digits option parsing (GH-96988)

Fix command line parsing: reject "-X int_max_str_digits" option with
no value (invalid) when the PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS environment
variable is set to a valid limit.
(cherry picked from commit 41351662bcd21672d8ccfa62fe44d72027e6bcf8)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

gh-82530: Create blank function instead of invalid import for email example (GH-97529)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
(cherry picked from commit 2b428a1faed88f148ede131e3b86ab6227c6c3f0)

Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-97519: Synchronize links in other copies of HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE (GH-97520)

HTTP links in the "HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE" section of Doc/license.rst
were converted to HTTPS in f62ff97f31a775cc7956adeae32c14e7c85bdc15.
But there were other copies of these links, which were left HTTP links.
(cherry picked from commit ea4be278fa6123d1f78c1fd556d79b311cd59f96)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-94808: Coverage: Test uppercase string literal prefixes (GH-95925)

(cherry picked from commit f00383ec9bb9452fd9d5f5003f123e68fc4a71d8)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

gh-96052: codeop: fix handling compiler warnings in incomplete input (GH-96132)

Previously codeop.compile_command() emitted compiler warnings (SyntaxWarning or
DeprecationWarning) and raised a SyntaxError for incomplete input containing
a potentially incorrect code. Now it always returns None for incomplete input
without emitting any warnings.
(cherry picked from commit 426d72e7ddb0af5cf851914ac75127186dd1ff04)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-96959: Update HTTP links which are redirected to HTTPS (GH-96961)

(cherry picked from commit db39050396a104c73d0da473a2f00a62f9dfdfaa)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

gh-97527: IDLE: protect macosx Tk() call when no GUI (GH-97530)

Only call tkinter.tk and its follow-up code in _init_tk_type when requires('gui')
does not raise.  This function can be called as an unintended side-effect of
calling other idlelib code as part of tests on macOS without a GUI enabled.
(cherry picked from commit 9704f8da333a51da32318f16106d45abb20fab76)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

gh-96965: Update Windows release to libffi 3.4.3 (GH-97512)

(cherry picked from commit f1cca801f50a92c0affede6bc22c3c1ec211358d)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

gh-94781: Fix Windows projects not cleaning intermediate and output files for frozen modules (GH-96423)

(cherry picked from commit 3e26de3c1f24bf0810eaaf7d75a4332775870e78)

Co-authored-by: Charlie Zhao <zhaoyu_hit@qq.com>

gh-77171: Document that wave only supports simple PCM files (GH-97510)

gh-75608: Add Windows FAQ entry for missing UCRT (GH-92765)

(cherry picked from commit 80bc7d7c0a3f777da244ec79429baf382523b8da)

Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-96761: Fix build process of the clang compiler for _bootstrap_python (gh-96945)

Co-authored-by: Matthias Goergens <matthias.goergens@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 83d84e67cd203cc75687152e57572895f56245fa)

Co-authored-by: Dong-hee Na <donghee.na@python.org>

gh-96397: Document that keywords in calls need not be identifiers (GH-96393)

This represents the official SC stance, see
https://github.com/python/steering-council/issues/142GH-issuecomment-1252172695
(cherry picked from commit 9d432b4a181cd42017699de4354e7b36c5b87d88)

Co-authored-by: Jeff Allen <ja.py@farowl.co.uk>

GH-85760: Fix race in calling process_exited callback too early (GH-97009)

(cherry picked from commit 282edd7b2a74c4dfe1bfe3c5b1d30f9c21d554d6)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>

GH-96975: Skip incomplete frames in PyEval_GetFrame (GH-97018)

(cherry picked from commit 8fd2c3b75b90c4ee391894aa5094615bbdb6242f)

Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@microsoft.com>

gh-90155: Fix bug in asyncio.Semaphore and strengthen FIFO guarantee (GH-93222)

The main problem was that an unluckily timed task cancellation could cause
the semaphore to be stuck. There were also doubts about strict FIFO ordering
of tasks allowed to pass.

The Semaphore implementation was rewritten to be more similar to Lock.
Many tests for edge cases (including cancellation) were added.
(cherry picked from commit 24e03796248ab8c7f62d715c28156abe2f1c0d20)

Co-authored-by: Cyker Way <cykerway@gmail.com>

Remove a stray DISPATCH() (GH-97004)

gh-97005: Update libexpat from 2.4.7 to 2.4.9 (gh-97006)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith [Google] <greg@krypto.org>
(cherry picked from commit 10e3d398c31cc1695752fc52bc6ca2ce9ef6237e)

Co-authored-by: Dong-hee Na <donghee.na@python.org>

[3.11] gh-96954: Add tests for unicodedata.name/lookup (GH-96955) (GH-96991)

They were undertested, and since GH-96954 might involve a
rewrite of this part of the code we want to ensure that
there won't be any behavioral change.

Co-authored-by: Carl Friedrich Bolz-Tereick <cfbolz@gmx.de>
(cherry picked from commit 5a32eeced2c537c13613dd4ff5b2767a37037294)

Co-authored-by: Batuhan Taskaya <isidentical@gmail.com>

gh-81039: Add small example of f-string's "=}" to tutorial (gh-92291) (gh-96989)

(cherry picked from commit 4b81139aac3fa11779f6eedb6e621bde29e64b30)

Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-90808: add more examples to `test_sched.test_priority` (GH-31144)

(cherry picked from commit 57463d43dc4277a1f4d33bd003567e947c937cf5)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

gh-95950: Add a test for both `csv.Dialect` and `kwargs` (GH-95951)

(cherry picked from commit 1c01bd28a0ec7e46e570a07d970c590b1809f8f1)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

gh-96478: Test `@overload` on C functions (GH-96479)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit f177f6f29b069f522a0b3ba44eaae19852b6d2b0)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

[Enum] fix typos (GH-96285)

(cherry picked from commit 58882640d631b0be0d81156928de97c2b3556f45)

Co-authored-by: wim glenn <wim.glenn@gmail.com>

gh-95591: [Enum] use `_FlagTests` base class (GH-96475)

(cherry picked from commit 9b58eaf98c0a47235c8822e208c938a36b66ff7b)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.11] GH-95921: Fix positions for some chained comparisons (GH-96968) (GH-96973)

(cherry picked from commit dfc73b57247aac575c83055d960c03bdc28b51fd)

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:brandtbucher

GH-96864: Check for error between line and opcode events (GH-96880)

(cherry picked from commit c10e33ac119d96c4d88d5ae8b59e65a76ae0ad3c)

Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@microsoft.com>

[3.11] gh-96727: Document restrictions on Handler.emit() with respect to locking. (GH-96948) (GH-96950)

(cherry picked from commit 6ad47b41a650a13b4a9214309c10239726331eb8)

gh-96387: take_gil() resets drop request before exit (#96869) (#96941)

At Python exit, sometimes a thread holding the GIL can wait forever
for a thread (usually a daemon thread) which requested to drop the
GIL, whereas the thread already exited. To fix the race condition,
the thread which requested the GIL drop now resets its request before
exiting.

take_gil() now calls RESET_GIL_DROP_REQUEST() before
PyThread_exit_thread() if it called SET_GIL_DROP_REQUEST to fix a
race condition with drop_gil().

Issue discovered and analyzed by Mingliang ZHAO.

(cherry picked from commit 04f4977f508583954ad7b9cb09076ee1e57461f8)

gh-96917: link to typing.readthedocs.io from typing.rst (GH-96921)

See the discussion at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91533
(cherry picked from commit 5b3a2569f4b4dfb58a8f90a241f9dac1a7ea4bf6)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-95913: Copyedit, link & format Typing Features section in 3.11 What's New (GH-96097)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 558768ff22e47582ae95ad7c3f8955407934916e)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>

gh-95913: Fix and copyedit New Features section of 3.11 What's New (GH-95915)

(cherry picked from commit 8ee27e33182e6d9040e79f6ccc9219afa049d40e)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>

gh-96821: Fix undefined behaviour in `_testcapimodule.c` (GH-96915) (GH-96927)

* gh-96821: Assert for demonstrating undefined behaviour

* Fix UB

(cherry picked from commit cbdeda8ce7a3543cb3376d70e4cd46fcf24f42a7)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
Co-authored-by: Matthias Görgens <matthias.goergens@gmail.com>

GH-96851: Add link to FAQ entry for caching method calls. (GH-96902)

(cherry picked from commit bbc24b2bd569108b957ed24c5a95ffeaf8cde0db)

Co-authored-by: Raymond Hettinger <rhettinger@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.11] gh-96861: Check for unset sys.executable during venv creation. (GH-96887) (GH-96919)

(cherry picked from commit 2cd70ffb3fe22d778d0bb6ec220fdf67dccc1be6)

Simplify sieve() recipe. Add edge case tests. (GH-96892)

(cherry picked from commit 78359b1d45608439f8e03b8e86174fe7b04d3e08)

Co-authored-by: Raymond Hettinger <rhettinger@users.noreply.github.com>

Clarify that the expression is regular math notation, not Python. (GH-96903) (GH-96908)

gh-87179: Fix more IDLE class headers (GH-96899)

Remove unneeded '(object)' and '()'.
(cherry picked from commit aa671b48d62a00c5ab87fb102be15dd5eeac84dd)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

[3.11] gh-96883: browser: include concurrent.futures (GH-96886) (GH-96888)

Fix ResourceWarning in test.test_frame (GH-96831)

(cherry picked from commit 303bd880475b510481d86a8c48b62d21d0e3bb53)

Co-authored-by: Dennis Sweeney <36520290+sweeneyde@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-95778: Mention sys.set_int_max_str_digits() in error message (GH-96874)

When ValueError is raised if an integer is larger than the limit,
mention sys.set_int_max_str_digits() in the error message.
(cherry picked from commit e841ffc915e82e5ea6e3b473205417d63494808d)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

gh-96810: Clarify for which statements sqlite3 implicitly opens transactions (GH-96832)

(cherry picked from commit 16c33a9676e2f3ef330d09f2ab515c56636fa09f)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

gh-96702: Order methods before attrs in sqlite3.Connection docs (GH-96703) (#96788)

(cherry picked from commit 49cceeb5c998a51bb12b7dbde17b53647bb52113)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

gh-96729: Ensure installers built with Tools/msi/buildrelease.bat have matching UUIDs with official releases (GH-96755)

(cherry picked from commit 662782e95f97d26bd57b3edc6aaf674e30899f44)

Co-authored-by: adang1345 <adang1345@gmail.com>

Itertools sieve() recipe (GH-96813) (GH-96814)

Add dataclass field default change to 3.11 what's new (GH-96790)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 4995f5f9a07921c5b90066a22285a538551b36d8)

Co-authored-by: Laurie O <laurie_opperman@hotmail.com>

gh-95778: Fix `sys.set_int_max_str_digits()` parameter name (GH-96798)

Discovered in https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/8733
(cherry picked from commit bf5fd492524f1b630a60c98eff8fe5fa66603b54)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

gh-96706: [doc] Don't recomment deprecated use of get_event_loop() in examples (GH-96707)

(cherry picked from commit 53a54b781d1f05f2d0b40ce88b3da92d5d23e9d2)

Co-authored-by: zhanpon <pon.zhan@gmail.com>

gh-96678: Avoid undefined behaviour in test (GH-96672) (#96795)

(cherry picked from commit 6ba686d97fd6d2a2169696c6629f7de9482f52db)

Co-authored-by: Matthias Görgens <matthias.goergens@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Matthias Görgens <matthias.goergens@gmail.com>

gh-96678: Fix UB of null pointer arithmetic (GH-96782)

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:pablogsal
(cherry picked from commit 81e36f350b75d2ed2668825f7df6e059b57f859c)

Co-authored-by: Matthias Görgens <matthias.goergens@gmail.com>

[3.11] gh-96005: Handle WASI ENOTCAPABLE in getpath (GH-96006) (GH-96034) (GH-96038)

- On WASI `ENOTCAPABLE` is now mapped to `PermissionError`.
- The `errno` modules exposes the new error number.
- `getpath.py` now ignores `PermissionError` when it cannot open landmark
  files `pybuilddir.txt` and `pyenv.cfg`.

GH-96754: Check whether the interpreter frame is complete before creating frame object. (GH-96776) (#96787)

(cherry picked from commit 12c5f328d2479ac3432df5e266adc4e59adeabfe)

Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>
Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>

gh-84461: Omit resource mod and getresuid funcs on Emscripten (GH-96303)

(cherry picked from commit a36235d5c7863a85fa323b2048d3d254116a958e)

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

[3.11] gh-95853: Add script to automate WASM build (GH-95828, GH-95985, GH-96045, GH-96389, GH-96744) (GH-96749)

Automate WASM build with a new Python script. The script provides
several build profiles with configure flags for Emscripten flavors
and WASI. The script can detect and use Emscripten SDK and WASI SDK from
default locations or env vars.

``configure`` now detects Node arguments and creates HOSTRUNNER
arguments for Node 16. It also sets correct arguments for
``wasm64-emscripten``.

[3.11] gh-96320: WASI socket fixes (GH-96388) (GH-#96748)

- ignore missing functions in ``socket.__repr__``
- bundle network files with assets

Post 3.11.0rc2

Python 3.11.0rc2

gh-94972: document that shield users need to keep a reference to their task (GH-96724)

Co-authored-by: Thomas Grainger <tagrain@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Guido van Rossum <gvanrossum@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 6281affee6423296893b509cd78dc563ca58b196)

Co-authored-by: Hendrik Makait <hendrik.makait@gmail.com>

GH-96678: Fix undefined behavior in ceval.c (GH-96708)

(cherry picked from commit 50a70a083d34305a52fac4f5901bff2ead152d68)

Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>

Fix possible NULL pointer dereference in _PyThread_CurrentFrames (GH-96584)

(cherry picked from commit 88a7f661ca02c0eb76b8f19234b8293b70f171e2)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-96710: Make the test timing more lenient for the int/str DoS regression test. (GH-96717)

A regression would still absolutely fail and even a flaky pass isn't
harmful as it'd fail most of the time across our N system test runs.

Windows has a low resolution timer and CI systems are prone to odd
timing so this just gives more leeway to avoid flakiness.
(cherry picked from commit 11e3548fd1d3445ccde971d613633b58d73c3016)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

[3.11] GH-96636: Remove all uses of NOTRACE_DISPATCH (GH-96643) (#96688)

Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit aa3b4cf779b3dddb84e094879b91703354910d8c)

[3.11] io: Add missing f (#96701)

gh-96352: Set AttributeError context in _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict (GH-96353)

(cherry picked from commit b9634ac776c24bc4d4a57859d884a94cdfe16043)

Co-authored-by: philg314 <110174000+philg314@users.noreply.github.com>

GH-94808: Test __build_class__ inside non-dict __builtins__ (GH-95932) (#96004)

(cherry picked from commit 3adb4d864bb18a51334c922a732e5e3602799ba1)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

gh-95914: Add paragraph about PEP 654 in main body of 'What's New in 3.11' (GH-95937)

(cherry picked from commit 1402d2ceca8ccef8c3538906b3f547365891d391)

Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.11] gh-68163: Correct conversion of Rational instances to float (GH-25619) (#96556)

Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sergey B Kirpichev <skirpichev@gmail.com>

[3.11] GH-96569: Avoid undefined behavior (#96616)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

gh-96652: Fix faulthandler chained signal without sigaction() (GH-96666)

Fix the faulthandler implementation of faulthandler.register(signal,
chain=True) if the sigaction() function is not available: don't call
the previous signal handler if it's NULL.
(cherry picked from commit c580a81af91af4b9df85e466f8b48c3c9c86c3df)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.11] gh-88287: Add BufferingFormatter documentation. (GH-96608) (GH-96675)

gh-96268: Fix loading invalid UTF-8 (GH-96270)

This makes tokenizer.c:valid_utf8 match stringlib/codecs.h:decode_utf8.

It also fixes an off-by-one error introduced in 3.10 for the line number when the tokenizer reports bad UTF8.
(cherry picked from commit 8bc356a7dd50cbdb46d10b8c7e457832431f5d9e)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

gh-96577: Fixes buffer overrun in _msi module (GH-96633)

(cherry picked from commit 4114bcc9ef7595a07196bcecf9c7d6d39f57f64d)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

gh-94808: Improve coverage of _PyBytes_FormatEx (GH-95895)

There were two specific areas not covered:

- %(name) syntax
- %*s syntax

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:iritkatriel
(cherry picked from commit dde15f5879c3576db42ee4366fb684747c31459f)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

gh-96641: Do not expose `KeyWrapper` in `_functoolsmodule.c` (gh-96642)

(cherry picked from commit 2fd7246e97c8cc09b4e3f22933693f9d68f08163)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

gh-96611: Fix error message for invalid UTF-8 in mid-multiline string (GH-96623)

(cherry picked from commit 05692c67c51b78a5a5a7bb61d646519025e38015)

Co-authored-by: Michael Droettboom <mdboom@gmail.com>

GH-96572: fix use after free in trace refs build mode (GH-96618)

(cherry picked from commit 67444902a0f10419a557d0a2d3b8675c31b075a9)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.11] GH-96612: Skip incomplete frames in tracemalloc traces. (GH-96613) (#96617)

(cherry picked from commit 95e271b2266b8f2e7b60ede86ccf3ede4a7f83eb)

Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>

[3.11] gh-92986: Fix ast.unparse when ImportFrom.level is None (GH-92992) (GH-96593)

This doesn't happen naturally, but is allowed by the ASDL and compiler.
We don't want to change ASDL for backward compatibility reasons
(GH-57645, GH-92987)
(cherry picked from commit 200c9a8da0e2b892c476807e986009c01327e781)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

gh-96559: Fixes Windows launcher handling of defaults using old-style tags, and adds What's New section (GH-96595)

(cherry picked from commit 80a9bd2e94b1759a7669fa811ed3526eb137c92d)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

[3.11] [doc] Update example in traceback doc (GH-96600) (GH-96603)

This Monty Python reference is of-its-time. It could seem inappropriate in the context of today's sensibilities around mental health.

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:iritkatriel
(cherry picked from commit c4999f261fb0cb28ef713b48ef2e81ca5a3eb1e1)

Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>