[3.13] gh-128731: Explicitly close socket on error in robotparser.RobotFileParser.read() (GH-128733) (GH-128755)

(cherry picked from commit 5e65a1acc0b630397f1d190aed279114e6e99612)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128562: Fix generation of the tkinter widget names (GH-128604) (GH-128791)

There were possible conflicts if the widget class name ends with a digit.
(cherry picked from commit da8825ea95a7096bb4f933d33b212a94ade10f6e)

Co-authored-by: Zhikang Yan <2951256653@qq.com>

[3.13] gh-128078: Clear exception in `anext` before calling `_PyGen_SetStopIterationValue` (GH-128780) (#128785)

gh-128078: Clear exception in `anext` before calling `_PyGen_SetStopIterationValue` (GH-128780)
(cherry picked from commit 76ffaef729c91bb79da6df2ade48f3ec51118300)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

[3.13] gh-128759: fix data race in `type_modified_unlocked` (GH-128764) (#128769)

* gh-128759: fix data race in `type_modified_unlocked` (GH-128764)
(cherry picked from commit 6e1e78054060ad326f26dd8dbf12adfedbb52883)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-128595: Add test class helper to force no terminal colour (GH-128687) (#128778)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

[3.13] gh-123345: improve `fnmatch` docs (GH-123346) (#128776)

gh-123345: improve `fnmatch` docs (GH-123346)
(cherry picked from commit 29fe8072cf404b891dde9c1d415095edddbe19de)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128409: Document that pdb.post_mortem() accepts exceptions … (#128767)

* [3.13] gh-128409: Document that pdb.post_mortem() accepts exceptions (GH-128410)
(cherry picked from commit 1b39b502d33c68f52fd775c4e6c2174baddd40bd)

Co-authored-by: Adam Johnson <me@adamj.eu>
Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128734: Explicitly close sockets in urllib tests (GH-128735) (GH-128748)

(cherry picked from commit 5ace71713b03cb37d829f50c849a8bb8a518738d)

[3.13] gh-127614: Correctly check for ttyname_r() in configure (#128503) (#128598)

(cherry picked from commit e08b28235a863323ca3a7e444776bb7803e77caf)

PR #14868 replaced the ttyname() call with ttyname_r(), but the old
check remained.

[3.13] gh-128302: Fix bugs in xml.dom.xmlbuilder (GH-128284) (#128582)

gh-128302: Fix bugs in xml.dom.xmlbuilder (GH-128284)

* Allow DOMParser.parse() to correctly handle DOMInputSource instances
  that only have a systemId attribute set.
* Fix DOMEntityResolver.resolveEntity(), which was broken by the
  Python 3.0 transition.
* Add Lib/test/test_xml_dom_xmlbuilder.py with few tests.
(cherry picked from commit 6ea04da27036eaa69d65150148bb8c537d9beacf)

Co-authored-by: Stephen Morton <git@tungol.org>

[3.13] gh-118915: Document `PyUnstable_InterpreterState_GetMainModule` (GH-128483) (GH-128677)

(cherry picked from commit ea39c8b08d8f025273bfa5b7a95f7b5984dc1e86)

Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-126862: Use `Py_ssize_t` instead of `int` when processing the number of super-classes  (GH-127523) (#128699)

gh-126862: Use `Py_ssize_t` instead of `int` when processing the number of super-classes  (GH-127523)
(cherry picked from commit 2fcdc8488c32d18f4567f797094068a994777f16)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127196: Fix crash in `_interpreters`, when `shared` had invalid encodings (GH-127220) (#128689)

gh-127196: Fix crash in `_interpreters`, when `shared` had invalid encodings (GH-127220)
(cherry picked from commit 087bb48acac997c06e69dae25bae2dd75194b980)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-124433: fix docs for `asyncio.Queue.task_done` (GH-128669) (#128671)

gh-124433: fix docs for `asyncio.Queue.task_done` (GH-128669)
(cherry picked from commit 4322a318ea98ceeb95d88b7ae6b5cfa3572d2069)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

[3.13] gh-126137: improve docs for `loop.add_reader` and `loop.add_writer` (GH-128666) (#128667)

gh-126137: improve docs for `loop.add_reader` and `loop.add_writer` (GH-128666)
(cherry picked from commit b2adf556747d080f04b53ba4063b627c2dbe41d1)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

[3.13] gh-79149: document reentrant safety of `loop.call_soon_threadsafe` (GH-128662) (#128664)

gh-79149: document reentrant safety of `loop.call_soon_threadsafe` (GH-128662)
(cherry picked from commit 4685401845ba3e2ab8c9f4a9a10aa2969b11985f)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Thomas Grainger <tagrain@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128552: fix refcycles in eager task creation (#128553) (#128585)

gh-128552: fix refcycles in eager task creation (#128553)

(cherry picked from commit 61b9811ac6843e22b5896ef96030d421b79cd892)

[3.13] gh-128615: Cover pickling of `ParamSpecArgs` and `ParamSpecKwargs` (GH-128616) (#128625)

gh-128615: Cover pickling of `ParamSpecArgs` and `ParamSpecKwargs` (GH-128616)
(cherry picked from commit 74a517181a9bb65a1f6da149af7427a9fcb3add3)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-128613: Increase `typing.Concatenate` coverage (GH-128614) (#128623)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-41872: Fix quick extraction of module docstrings from a file in pydoc (GH-127520) (GH-128620)

It now supports docstrings with single quotes, escape sequences,
raw string literals, and other Python syntax.

(cherry picked from commit 474e419792484d1c16e7d9c99b7bf144136b9307)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (తాటిపర్తి శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Éric <merwok@netwok.org>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128617: Fix `test_typing.test_readonly_inheritance` (GH-128618) (#128622)

gh-128617: Fix `test_typing.test_readonly_inheritance` (GH-128618)
(cherry picked from commit 971a52b5495e3d596e599faa1f31d4671897026d)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-109413: Add more type hints to `libregrtest` (GH-126352) (#126388)

gh-109413: Add more type hints to `libregrtest` (GH-126352)
(cherry picked from commit bfc1d2504c183a9464e65c290e48516d176ea41f)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-87506: Document that json.load*() can raise UnicodeDecodeError (GH-127355) (#128607)

(cherry picked from commit 15372d0112ac7fbbbe313725dd87d5a45af2f6d3)
(cherry picked from commit cdfb8bc93a4d8c06d2404ba2d243937ba209438c)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (తాటిపర్తి శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] Docs: mark up json.load() using parameter list (GH-128488) (#128596)

(cherry picked from commit a21e31ec5417374497b0f969ee2b3dc84a0944ff)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] gh-98188: Fix EmailMessage.get_payload to decode data when CTE value has extra text (GH-127547) (#128528)

gh-98188: Fix EmailMessage.get_payload to decode data when CTE value has extra text (GH-127547)

Up to this point message handling has been very strict with regards to content encoding values: mixed case was accepted, but trailing blanks or other text would cause decoding failure, even if the first token was a valid encoding.  By Postel's Rule we should go ahead and decode as long as we can recognize that first token.  We have not thought of any security or backward compatibility concerns with this fix.

This fix does introduce a new technique/pattern to the Message code: we look to see if the header has a 'cte' attribute, and if so we use that.  This effectively promotes the header API exposed by HeaderRegistry to an API that any header parser "should" support.  This seems like a reasonable thing to do.  It is not, however, a requirement, as the string value of the header is still used if there is no cte attribute.

The full fix (ignore any trailing blanks or blank-separated trailing text) applies only to the non-compat32 API.  compat32 is only fixed to the extent that it now ignores trailing spaces.  Note that the HeaderRegistry parsing still records a HeaderDefect if there is extra text.

(cherry picked from commit a62ba52f1439c1f878a3ff9b8544caf9aeef9b90)

Co-authored-by: RanKKI <hliu86.me@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128472: Add `-skip-funcs` to BOLT options to fix computed goto errors (gh-128511) (#128573)

gh-128472: Add `-skip-funcs` to BOLT options to fix computed goto errors (gh-128511)

* Add `-skip-funcs` to BOLT options to fix computed goto errors

* NEWS

---------

(cherry picked from commit 24b147a19b360c49cb1740aa46211d342aaa071f)

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>
Co-authored-by: Gregory Szorc <gregory.szorc@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-108202: Document calendar.Calendar.firstweekday (GH-128566) (#128579)

(cherry picked from commit b3cbd8f1b58b9e71df20bdda9960e7d3190c509e)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] gh-128146: Exclude os/log.h import on older macOS versions. (GH-128165) (#128575)

gh-128146: Exclude os/log.h import on older macOS versions. (GH-128165)

Reworks the handling of Apple system log handling to account for older macOS
versions that don't provide os-log.
(cherry picked from commit e837a1f71e832ce8f551a6fac05e346f654457e0)

Co-authored-by: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>

[3.13] gh-108202: Document `calendar.Calendar` methods `getfirstweekday` and `setfirstweekday` (GH-127579) (#128564)

(cherry picked from commit 953b49e5468d02afaddadc2307f4763422078603)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-90241: Clarify documentation for PyUnicode_FSConverter and PyUnicode_FSDecoder (GH-128451) (GH-128542)

(cherry picked from commit 657d7b77e5c69967e9c0000b986fa4872d13958c)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

[3.13] gh-77214: Update outdated documentation for numeric PyArg_Parse formats (GH-128454) (GH-128538)

(cherry picked from commit 8d15058d61681e98579cf3fbd3c6fd13b3df6a72)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-114990: Add missing mixin methods in collections.abc's document (GH-114991) (#128535)

Co-authored-by: AN Long <aisk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Carol Willing <carolcode@willingconsulting.com>

[3.13] gh-128519: Align the docstring of untokenize() to match the docs (GH-128521) (#128531)

(cherry picked from commit aef52ca8b334ff90e8032da39f4d06e7b5130eb9)

Co-authored-by: Tomas R <tomas.roun8@gmail.com>

[3.13] Docs: fix `MessageDefect` references in email.policy docs (GH-128468) (#128526)

(cherry picked from commit 3b231be8f000ae59faa04d5a2f1af11beafee866)

Co-authored-by: Yuki Kobayashi <drsuaimqjgar@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128504: Upgrade doctest to ubuntu-24.04 (GH-128506) (#128517)

gh-128504: Upgrade doctest to ubuntu-24.04 (GH-128506)
(cherry picked from commit 2228e92da31ca7344a163498f848973a1b356597)

Co-authored-by: Damien <81557462+Damien-Chen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128437: Add `BOLT_COMMON_FLAGS` with `-update-debug-sections` (gh-128455) (gh-128512)

gh-128437: Add `BOLT_COMMON_FLAGS` with `-update-debug-sections` (gh-128455)

Add `BOLT_COMMON_FLAGS` with `-update-debug-sections`

(cherry picked from commit b60044b838f3ea97395cd6f3adbd5330356fc273)

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>
Co-authored-by: Gregory Szorc <gregory.szorc@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-127553: Remove outdated TODO comment in _pydatetime (GH-127564) (#128500)

(cherry picked from commit e8b6b39ff707378da654e15ccddde9c28cefdd30)

Co-authored-by: Beomsoo Kim <beoms424@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-127954: Document PyObject_DelItemString (GH-127986) (#128496)

(cherry picked from commit 8ade15343d5daec3bf79ff7c47f03726fb2bcadf)

Co-authored-by: RUANG (James Roy) <rruuaanng@outlook.com>

[3.13] Docs: amend json.dump() post gh-128482 (GH-128489) (#128493)

(cherry picked from commit 87ee76062a7eb9c0fa2b94e36cfed21d86ae90ac)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] gh-126719: Clarify math.fmod docs (GH-127741) (#128491)

(cherry picked from commit f28d471fbe99f9eaac05d60ed40da47b0b56fe86)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Docs: mark up json.dump() using parameter list (GH-128482) (#128486)

(cherry picked from commit a0088b40bb212dc132e147d04f9287cabd72d163)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128152: Argument Clinic: ignore pre-processor directives inside C comments (GH-128464) (#128478)

(cherry picked from commit a4e773c540cfd3a9c2bb3b5033d2f79ef50962c8)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] gh-128354: Consistently use LIBS over LDFLAGS in library build… (#128465)

(cherry picked from commit b75ed951d4de8ba85349d80c8e7f097b3cd6052f)

[3.13] gh-128456: Use '-reorder-functions=cdsort' for BOLT builds (GH-128457) (#128461)

'hfsort+' is deprecated in favor of 'cdsort'.

(cherry picked from commit 4974bbdb290b61a2d8860de490fde1228c296753)

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>

[3.13] gh-127903: Fix a crash on debug builds when calling `Objects/unicodeobject::_copy_characters` (GH-127876) (#128458)

gh-127903: Fix a crash on debug builds when calling `Objects/unicodeobject::_copy_characters`` (GH-127876)
(cherry picked from commit 46cb6340d7bad955edfc0a20f6a52dabc03b0932)

Co-authored-by: Alexander Shadchin <shadchin@yandex-team.com>

[3.13] gh-125674: Doc: Fix type of newfunc first parameter (GH-125675) (#128449)

(cherry picked from commit 616468b87bc5bcf5a4db688637ef748e1243db8a)

Co-authored-by: Richard Hansen <rhansen@rhansen.org>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-108202: Document calendar.TextCalendar formatting helpers (GH-127608) (#128440)

Document the following TextCalendar methods:
- formatday()
- formatmonthname()
- formatweekday()
- formatweekheader()

(cherry picked from commit bb73426cafb78691b249ffa50f1872ab6f899d4a)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128400: Stop-the-world when manually calling `faulthandler` (GH-128422) (GH-128423)

(cherry picked from commit c9356feef28e6dfc4dc32830d3427a5ae0e426e2)

Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128013: fix data race in PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize on free-threading (#128021) (#128417)

[3.13] gh-128014:  Fix passing default='' to the tkinter method wm_iconbitmap() (GH-128015) (GH-128418)

(cherry picked from commit 58e9f95c4aa970db32a94b9152b51ede22f823bd)

Co-authored-by: Zhikang Yan <2951256653@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] Revert "Doc: Show object descriptions in the table of contents (GH-125757)" (GH-128406) (#128413)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-123925: Fix building curses on platforms without libncursesw (GH-128405) (GH-128407)

(cherry picked from commit 8d16919a06a55a50756bf083221a6f6cab43de50)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128349: Use `.. data::` instead of `.. class::` for pre-defined decimal `Context` objects (GH-128379) (#128401)

gh-128349: Use `.. data::` instead of `.. class::` for pre-defined decimal `Context` objects (GH-128379)
(cherry picked from commit 60c65184695a3eab766b3bc26fc99f695deb998f)

Co-authored-by: abkmystery <36216019+abkmystery@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Reword `about.rst` to not limit Sphinx (GH-128325) (#128382)

Reword `about.rst` to not limit Sphinx (GH-128325)
(cherry picked from commit c5438fdf4706a70bdd19338edc000dacffff6837)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-88834: Unify the instance check for typing.Union and types.UnionType (GH-128363) (GH-128370)

Union now uses the instance checks against its parameters instead of
the subclass checks.
(cherry picked from commit b2ac70a62ad1be8e037ce45ccf5f1b753ea5e64b)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128342: Specify timeout unit in subprocess docstrings (GH-128343) (#128365)

gh-128342: Specify timeout unit in subprocess docstrings (GH-128343)

Specify timeout unit (seconds) in subprocess docstrings
(cherry picked from commit dafe7a44630aa32bb411cceb45c7b7df725e3fe3)

Co-authored-by: n-l-i <57808975+n-l-i@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

[3.13] gh-128321: Set LIBS instead of LDFLAGS when checking sqlite3 requirements (GH-128322) (#128356)

(cherry picked from commit 81376fef76a53fb79893bfa9c9db18d97c228fbe)

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] gh-128317: Document `calendar.TextCalendar.formatweek` (GH-128353) (#128357)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127586: multiprocessing.Pool does not properly restore blocked signals (try 2) (GH-128011) (#128298)

gh-127586: multiprocessing.Pool does not properly restore blocked signals (try 2) (GH-128011)

Correct pthread_sigmask in resource_tracker to restore old signals

Using SIG_UNBLOCK to remove blocked "ignored signals" may accidentally
cause side effects if the calling parent already had said signals
blocked to begin with and did not intend to unblock them when
creating a pool. Use SIG_SETMASK instead with the previous mask of
blocked signals to restore the original blocked set.
(cherry picked from commit aeb9b65aa26444529e4adc7d6e5b0d3dd9889ec2)

Co-authored-by: Stephen Hansen <stephen.paul.hansen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

[3.13] Mention loop_factory argument in docstring for asyncio.run() (GH-128288) (#128291)

Mention loop_factory argument in docstring for asyncio.run() (GH-128288)
(cherry picked from commit 0b5f1fae573a2c658eb000433ad7b87e9c40c697)

Co-authored-by: Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-125887: Update PyObject_HasAttr exception behavior (GH-125907) (#128283)

gh-125887: Update PyObject_HasAttr exception behavior (GH-125907)

Update PyObject_HasAttr exception behavior

(cherry picked from commit 08a0728d6c32986d35edb26872b4512a71ae60f3)

Co-authored-by: Damien <81557462+Damien-Chen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127537: Add __class_getitem__ to the python implementation of functools.partial (GH-127537) (#128281)

gh-127537: Add __class_getitem__ to the python implementation of functools.partial (GH-127537)
(cherry picked from commit 401bba6b58497ce59e7b45ad33e43ae8c67abcb9)

Co-authored-by: CF Bolz-Tereick <cfbolz@gmx.de>

[3.13] Clean up redundant ifdef in list getitem (GH-128257) (#128276)

Clean up redundant ifdef in list getitem (GH-128257)

It's already inside a `Py_GIL_DISABLED` block so the `#else` clause is always unused.
(cherry picked from commit 42f7a00ae8b6b3fa09115e24b9512216c6c8978e)

Co-authored-by: da-woods <dw-git@d-woods.co.uk>

[3.13] gh-128198: Add missing error checks for usages of PyIter_Next() (GH-128199) (GH-128272)

(cherry picked from commit 5c814c83cdd3dc42bd9682106ffb7ade7ce6b5b3)

Co-authored-by: Yan Yanchii <yyanchiy@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-126664: revert: Use `else` instead of `finally` in docs explaining "with" (GH-128169) (#128170)

gh-126664: revert: Use `else` instead of `finally` in docs explaining "with" (GH-128169)

Revert "gh-126664: Use `else` instead of `finally` in "The with statement" documentation. (GH-126665)"

This reverts commit 25257d61cfccc3b4189f96390a5c4db73fd5302c.
(cherry picked from commit 228f275737615cc9be713a8c3f9325b359bf8aec)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

[3.13] gh-112328: Make EnumDict usable on its own and document it (GH-123669) (GH-128142)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <pviktori@redhat.com>

[3.13] gh-128227: Regenerate `Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt` (GH-128228) (#128229)

gh-128227: Regenerate `Doc/requirements-oldest-sphinx.txt` (GH-128228)
(cherry picked from commit 7985d460c731b2c48419a33fc1820f9512bb6f21)

Co-authored-by: Bogdan Romanyuk <65823030+wrongnull@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127847: Fix position in the special-cased zipfile seek (GH-127856) (#128225)

gh-127847: Fix position in the special-cased zipfile seek (GH-127856)

---------
(cherry picked from commit 7ed6c5c6961d0849f163d4d449fb36bae312b6bc)

Co-authored-by: Dima Ryazanov <dima@bucket.xxx>
Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jason R. Coombs <jaraco@jaraco.com>

gh-128217: Validate the normalized_environment variable instead of the similarly named function (GH-128220)

(cherry picked from commit 3ddd70ceaaf67b111ee4251817e150396d6d10a9)

Co-authored-by: Sergey Muraviov <smurav@mail.ru>

[3.13] gh-126180: Remove getopt and optparse deprecation notices (GH-128191)

* Remove getopt and optparse deprecation notices
* Add new docs sections for command line app helper libraries
* Add guidance on choosing a CLI parsing library to the optparse docs
* Link to the new guidance from the argparse and getopt docs
* Reword intro in docs section for superseded stdlib modules
* Reframe the optparse->argparse guide as a migration guide
  rather than as an upgrade guide

---------
(cherry picked from commit 831b6de6d725c697f2f61fd35c4448cd8a9354ff)

Co-authored-by: Alyssa Coghlan <ncoghlan@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128049: Fix type confusion bug with the return value of a custom ExceptionGroup split function (GH-128079) (#128139)

gh-128049: Fix type confusion bug with the return value of a custom ExceptionGroup split function (GH-128079)
(cherry picked from commit 3879ca0100942ae15a09ac22889cbe3e46d424eb)

Co-authored-by: Nico-Posada <102486290+Nico-Posada@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128116: Skip test_socket VSOCK testStream() on PermissionError (GH-128120) (#128123)

gh-128116: Skip test_socket VSOCK testStream() on PermissionError (GH-128120)
(cherry picked from commit cbfe3023e46b544b80ea1a38a8c900c6fb881554)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-128030: Avoid error from PyModule_GetFilenameObject for non-module (GH-128047) (#128114)

gh-128030: Avoid error from PyModule_GetFilenameObject for non-module (GH-128047)

I missed the extra `PyModule_Check` in GH-127660 because I was looking at
3.12 as the base implementation for import from. This meant that I
missed the `PyModuleCheck` introduced in GH-112661.
(cherry picked from commit 45e6dd63b88a782f2ec96ab1da54eb5a074d8f4c)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-128083: Fix macro redefinition warning in clinic. (GH-127950) (#128102)

(cherry picked from commit b5d1e4552f0ba40d8380368e1b099261686a89cf)

Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-128062: Fix the font size and shortcut display of the turtledemo menu (GH-128063) (#128101)

gh-128062: Fix the font size and shortcut display of the turtledemo menu (GH-128063)

Leave the font of the menu bar the default to keep it consistent with the rest of the world. Display the shortcut keys in the right way, using the 'accelerator' option.
---------

(cherry picked from commit e163e8d4e1a9844b8615ef38b9917b887a377948)

Co-authored-by: Zhikang Yan <2951256653@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

[3.13] gh-128069: brew link --overwrite tcl-tk@8 to prevent conflict with GitHub image's version (GH-128090) (#128096)

gh-128069: brew link --overwrite tcl-tk@8 to prevent conflict with GitHub image's version (GH-128090)

brew link --overwrite tcl-tk@8 to prevent conflict with GitHub image's version
(cherry picked from commit 46dc1ba9c6e8b95635fa27607d01d6108d8f677e)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-126742: add NEWS entry for fix of localized error messages (GH-128025) (GH-128059)

(cherry picked from commit 2610bccfdf55bc6519808f8e1b5db2cfb03ae809)

[3.13] gh-122706: fix docs for asyncio ssl sockets (GH-128092) (#128094)

gh-122706: fix docs for asyncio ssl sockets (GH-128092)
(cherry picked from commit 19c5134d57764d3db7b1cacec4f090c74849a5c1)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

[3.13] gh-126742: Avoid checking for library filename in test_ctypes (GH-128034) (#128056)

gh-126742: Avoid checking for library filename in test_ctypes (GH-128034)

Avoid checking for library filename in `dlerror()` error messages of test_ctypes.
(cherry picked from commit 335e24fb0a5805ac1ecdbc01e0331b38fc33849d)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127060: Disable traceback colors in IDLE (GH-128028) (#128052)

Set TERM environment variable to "dumb" to disable traceback colors
in IDLE, since IDLE doesn't understand ANSI escape sequences.

(cherry picked from commit 559b0e7013f9cbf42a12fe9c86048d5cbb2f6f22)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-126742: Add _PyErr_SetLocaleString, use it for gdbm & dlerror messages (GH-126746) (GH-128023)

- Add a helper to set an error from locale-encoded `char*`
- Use the helper for gdbm & dlerror messages
(cherry picked from commit 7303f06846b69016a075bca7ad7c6055f29ad024)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] Free arena on _PyCompile_AstOptimize failure in Py_CompileStringObject (GH-128006)

Free arena on _PyCompile_AstOptimize failure in Py_CompileStringObject (GH-127910)

After commit 10a91d7e9 introduced arena cleanup, commit 2dfbd4f36
removed the free call when _PyCompile_AstOptimize fails.

(cherry picked from commit cfeaa992ba9bad9be2687afcafd85156703d74e8)

Co-authored-by: Berker Peksag <berker.peksag@gmail.com>

[3.13] Minor readability improvements for the itertools recipes (gh-127928) (gh-127999)

[3.13] Simplify and speed-up an itertools recipe (gh-127848) (gh-127998)

[3.13] Fix typo in itertools docs (gh-127995) (gh-127996)

[3.13] gh-127906: Fix Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR() on Windows (#127994)

gh-127906: Fix Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR() on Windows

Change Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR implementation on Windows to avoid a
compiler warning about an unnamed structure.

[3.13] Clarify ast docs to use a less confusing example for `ast.ParamSpec` (GH-127955) (#127959)

Clarify ast docs to use a less confusing example for `ast.ParamSpec` (GH-127955)

Fix typo in ast docs: ParamSpec defaults
(cherry picked from commit 7900a85019457c14e8c6abac532846bc9f26760d)

Co-authored-by: Steve C <diceroll123@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-127353: Allow to force color output on Windows V2 (GH-127926) (#127944)

gh-127353: Allow to force color output on Windows V2 (GH-127926)
(cherry picked from commit 0ac40acec045c4ce780cf7d887fcbe4c661e82b7)

Co-authored-by: Andrey Efremov <duxus@yandex.ru>

[3.13] gh-127852: add remark about ',' separator (GH-127854) (#127941)

Specify that it is valid for floats and ints with 'd' presentation and an error otherwise.
---------

(cherry picked from commit e2325c9db0650fc06d909eb2b5930c0573f24f71)

Co-authored-by: Sergey B Kirpichev <skirpichev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

[3.13] gh-127906: Backport test_cext changes from the main branch (#127923)

[3.13] gh-127906: Test the limited C API in test_cppext (GH-127916) (#127919)

gh-127906: Test the limited C API in test_cppext (GH-127916)
(cherry picked from commit d05a4e6a0d366b854a3103cae0c941811fd48c4c)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-127870: Detect recursive calls in ctypes _as_parameter_ handling (GH-127872) (#127917)

gh-127870: Detect recursive calls in ctypes _as_parameter_ handling (GH-127872)
(cherry picked from commit 6ff38fc4e2af8e795dc791be6ea596d2146d4119)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-127906: Backport test_cppext changes from the main branch (#127914)

[3.13] link to the correct output method in documentation (GH-127857) (#127900)

link to the correct output method in documentation (GH-127857)
(cherry picked from commit 11ff3286b7e821bf439bc7caa0fa712e3bc3846a)

Co-authored-by: Viktor Kálmán <kviktor@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Document PyObject_SelfIter (GH-127861) (#127898)

Document PyObject_SelfIter (GH-127861)
(cherry picked from commit 58942a07df8811afba9c58dc16c1aab244ccf27a)

Co-authored-by: Miro Hrončok <miro@hroncok.cz>

[3.13] gh-127845: Minor improvements to iOS test runner script (GH-127846) (#127892)

Uses symlinks to install iOS framework into testbed clone, adds a verbose mode
to the iOS runner to hide most Xcode output, adds another mechanism to disable
terminal colors, and ensures that stdout is flushed after every write.
(cherry picked from commit ba2d2fda93a03a91ac6cdff319fd23ef51848d51)

Co-authored-by: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>

[3.13] Fix typo in traceback docs (GH-127884) (#127890)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Haag <121057143+denialhaag@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Fix typos in `Lib/_pydecimal.py` (GH-127700) (#127887)

Fix typos in `Lib/_pydecimal.py` (GH-127700)
(cherry picked from commit ed037d229f64db90aea00f397e9ce1b2f4a22d3f)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-127865: Fix build failure for systems without thread local support (GH-127866) (GH-127882)

This PR fixes the build issue introduced by the commit 628f6eb from
GH-112207 on systems without thread local support.
(cherry picked from commit f823910bbd4bf01ec3e1ab7b3cb1d77815138296)

Co-authored-by: velemas <10437413+velemas@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-126937: ctypes: add test for maximum size of a struct field (GH-126938) (GH-127825)

This backports the *test* from GH-126938, with changed limit and exception class.

Co-authored-by: Melissa0x1f992 <70096546+Melissa0x1f992@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>