[3.13] gh-85583: Add an overview of formatted string literals (f-strings) to ``str`` (GH-132689) (#132767)

gh-85583: Add an overview of formatted string literals (f-strings) to ``str`` (GH-132689)
(cherry picked from commit fee808936fd04e850a62c9610498bbb2360efd31)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-132753: Argument Clinic: Fix support of c_default for the bool converter (GH-132754) (GH-132766)

(cherry picked from commit 78cfee6f0920ac914ed179c013f61c53ede16fa9)

[3.13] gh-132742: Add more tests for fcntl.ioctl() (GH-132756) (GH-132764)

Test with different types of argument: integer, mutable and immutable
buffers, immutable buffer with mutable_flag set to false.
(cherry picked from commit a04390b4dad071195f834db347aa686292811051)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-129098: avoid using content of `_pyrepl/__main__.py` when reporting tracebacks (GH-130721) (#132755)

gh-129098: avoid using content of `_pyrepl/__main__.py` when reporting tracebacks (GH-130721)
(cherry picked from commit 492e3e6976d05b8de1892c37c900ada23eaeaf06)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-129327: revise hashlib documentation to account for FIPS removing sha1 (GH-132729) (#132740)

gh-129327: revise hashlib documentation to account for FIPS removing sha1 (GH-132729)

* gh-129327: revise hashlib documentation to account for FIPS removing sha1

More generally, the current documentation is a bit scattered, talking
about what terms are "equal" despite those terms not being very
interesting and given the term "secure hash", probably wrong (because
md5 and sha1 are not secure anymore).

Let's talk about cryptographically secure instead, and note that two of
them aren't. And then we can also link to the source for NIST going
through the removal process for SHA1.

* Add Gregors Suggestion

* Clean up

---------
(cherry picked from commit a16586c9e7a9accfe26489191b5b1ee39657ee5b)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eschwartz@gentoo.org>

[3.13] gh-132673: Fix a crash with zero-alignment in `ctypes.Structure` (#132695)

[3.13] Docs: Fix REPL example in `Doc/library/shutil.rst` (GH-132700) (#132728)

Docs: Fix REPL example in `Doc/library/shutil.rst` (GH-132700)
(cherry picked from commit e154e4db3684696d29725112f0fcc69e05c40cd1)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-129719: Restore missing `socket.CAN_RAW_ERR_FILTER` on Linux (GH-129721) (#132702)

gh-129719: Restore missing `socket.CAN_RAW_ERR_FILTER` on Linux (GH-129721)
(cherry picked from commit ce31ae5209c976d28d1c21fcbb06c0ae5e50a896)

Co-authored-by: Jeroen Bogers <11465689+jbogers@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132396: Resolve 'redefinition of unused name' errors in ``Lib/test/`` (GH-132397) (#132699)

gh-132396: Resolve 'redefinition of unused name' errors in ``Lib/test/`` (GH-132397)
(cherry picked from commit 1d5dc5f1c37ce28a635386189020cf49b3f7f1c3)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Minor doc edit: Make multinomial() the first math example (gh-132697) (gh-132698)

[3.13] gh-129958: Properly disallow newlines in format specs in single-quoted f-strings (GH-130063) (GH-132692)

(cherry picked from commit 2f8b08da475152adea59b6bf98e2d0cb73dd8a59)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-130861: Add clarification to the perf docs on optimization levels (GH-131098) (#132687)

[3.13] gh-132553: Build the perf tool without buildid cache (GH-132663) (GH-132681)

(cherry picked from commit e01e5829020e517eb68a47da4dd65926a9d144de)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132674: fix `_hashopenssl.c` compiler warnings on free-threaded build (GH-132675) (#132677)

gh-132674: fix `_hashopenssl.c` compiler warnings on free-threaded build (GH-132675)
(cherry picked from commit 2df0f8804701cc17674e5b4e90499e9fac71d0e1)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-132668: Remove outdated description of `POP_JUMP_*` instructions (GH-132669) (#132680)

gh-132668: Remove outdated description of `POP_JUMP_*` instructions (GH-132669)
(cherry picked from commit 7e2672cfcf993e957c9966a88931fe6571affd24)

Co-authored-by: Yuki Kobayashi <drsuaimqjgar@gmail.com>

[3.13] Docs: Migrate entirely to PSF hosted plausible for analytics (GH-132648) (#132660)

Docs: Migrate entirely to PSF hosted plausible for analytics (GH-132648)
(cherry picked from commit 1d529cbc892b824b387d672899265ed4258b2222)

Co-authored-by: Ee Durbin <ewdurbin@gmail.com>

gh-132649: Allow passing --include-tcltk to PC\layout on Windows ARM64 (GH-132650)

(cherry picked from commit b87189deae7cdd65083da60cf3ba6e5bba117663)

Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@python.org>

[3.13] gh-130070: Fix `exec(<string>, closure=<non-None>)` unexpected path (GH-130071) (#132627)

gh-130070: Fix `exec(<string>, closure=<non-None>)` unexpected path (#130071)

Fixed an assertion error (so, it could be reproduced only in builds with assertions enabled)
for `exec` when the `source` argument is a string and the `closure` argument is not `None`.

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
(cherry picked from commit 954b2cf031fb84ff3386251d5c45281f47229003)

[3.13] gh-132608: Fix a sample code coloring for ast.While (GH-132609) (#132612)

[3.13] typing docs: Clarify Protocol / runtime_checkable docs (GH-132606) (#132607)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

[3.13] typing: Add missing test case for Protocol inheritance (GH-132597) (#132603)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-130052: Fix search_map_for_section() error handling (GH-132594) (#132598)

gh-130052: Fix search_map_for_section() error handling (GH-132594)

* Don't call close() if the file descriptor is negative.
* If close() fails, chain the existing exception.
(cherry picked from commit 014c7f90478780b18d0e33d456483178c8dcc665)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-130941: Fix `configparser` parsing values with `allow_no_value` and `interpolation` set (GH-130949) (#132588)

gh-130941: Fix `configparser` parsing values with `allow_no_value` and `interpolation` set (GH-130949)
(cherry picked from commit c35c7353eb8fbccff2d3a6ab664426b31af00d4d)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-127591: Fix altering environment in test_urllib2 (unsetting no_proxy) (GH-132584) (GH-132585)

(cherry picked from commit 8b7cb947c5046d8fb32aad532048de87e09ed3f9)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132535: Fix resource warnings in test_timeout (GH-132572) (GH-132580)

They were emitted if internet connection was not available.
(cherry picked from commit 82f74eb2344cdb3197c726d1216e413ee61a30b3)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] Docs: Synchronise ``indexsidebar.html`` with docsbuild-scripts (GH-132567) (#132573)

Docs: Synchronise ``indexsidebar.html`` with docsbuild-scripts (GH-132567)
(cherry picked from commit 4f10b93d1b2f887b42ad59168a9fcbe75bdaaf87)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-114713: Handle case of an empty string passed to `zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` (GH-114731) (#132563)

gh-114713: Handle case of an empty string passed to `zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` (GH-114731)
(cherry picked from commit 884df116d79b05d9342e05e50484d61c684ecb8b)

Co-authored-by: Bogdan Romanyuk <65823030+wrongnull@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kirill Podoprigora <kirill.bast9@mail.ru>

[3.13] Fix argument order in multinomial() example (gh-132557) (gh-132560)

[3.13] gh-132176: Fix crash on `type()` when `tuple` subclass passed as `bases` (GH-132212) (#132548)

gh-132176: Fix crash on `type()` when `tuple` subclass passed as `bases` (GH-132212)
(cherry picked from commit b6c552f9e614bab4acf21584baed997f57e74114)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-124476: Fix decoding from the locale encoding in the C.UTF-8 locale (GH-132477) (ПР-132528)

(cherry picked from commit 102f825c5112cbe6985edc0971822b07bd778135)

[3.13] gh-131803: Clarify that you must register signal handlers for set_wakeup_fd (GH-131859) (#132522)

gh-131803: Clarify that you must register signal handlers for set_wakeup_fd (GH-131859)
(cherry picked from commit 939476bbbb57ec3348c60df7c8f67c92038c8c89)

Co-authored-by: Jeremy Fleischman <jeremyfleischman@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-46236: Add missing PyUnicode_FromOrdinal() doc (#132040) (#132521)

gh-46236: Add missing PyUnicode_FromOrdinal() doc (#132040)

(cherry picked from commit 8768df2fe94a8444baff47a5b8c7414a2118731a)

Co-authored-by: RUANG (James Roy) <longjinyii@outlook.com>

[3.13] gh-132099: Harmonize Bluetooth address handling (GH-132486) (GH-132497)

Now all protocols always accept the Bluetooth address as string and
getsockname() always returns the Bluetooth address as string.

* BTPROTO_SCO now accepts not only bytes, but str.
* BTPROTO_SCO now checks address for embedded null.
* On *BSD, BTPROTO_HCI now accepts str instead of bytes.
* On FreeBSD, getsockname() for BTPROTO_HCI now returns str instead of bytes.
* On NetBSD and DragonFly BSD, BTPROTO_HCI now checks address for embedded null.
(cherry picked from commit 1fc1df8dcc7a853b0649bc8df37cd07cbd2b6230)

[3.13] gh-132515: de-duplicate `test_dataclass_derived_generic_from_slotted_base` (GH-132516) (#132518)

gh-132515: de-duplicate `test_dataclass_derived_generic_from_slotted_base` (GH-132516)
(cherry picked from commit 45c447bf91ffabe4c0ba6d18f37d4e58925d5c91)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-86513: improve docs of loop.call_exception_handler (GH-132466) (#132487)

gh-86513: improve docs of loop.call_exception_handler (GH-132466)
(cherry picked from commit ce753517a87eec776c176f3245ce5d1554a59341)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

[3.13] gh-132435: Test syntax warnings in a finally block (GH-132436) (GH-132503)

(cherry picked from commit 887eabc5a74316708460120d60d0fa4f8bdf5960)

[3.13] gh-124986: Fix test_no_leaking in test_subprocess on NetBSD and FreeBSD (GH-132476) (GH-132498)

On platforms where the file descriptor limit is larger than FD_SETSIZE
that test was always skipped (FreeBSD) or always failing (NetBSD).
(cherry picked from commit f7b24ffefda839f367b048c06879df6bded128a1)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-101100: Fix sphinx warnings in `library/plistlib.rst` (GH-132422) (#132485)

Co-authored-by: Yuki Kobayashi <drsuaimqjgar@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132111: Document dataclasses.InitVar (GH-132446) (#132483)

gh-132111: Document dataclasses.InitVar (GH-132446)
(cherry picked from commit 281fc338fdf57ef119e213bf1b2c772261c359c1)

Co-authored-by: Tapeline <mail@tapeline.dev>

[3.13] gh-132099: Fix documentation for the BTPROTO_HCI protocol (GH-132118) (GH-132482)

(cherry picked from commit 1d97488c957f4595f8c3ea42e24c1995b23e39d4)

[3.13] gh-132106: Ensure that running `logging.handlers.QueueListener… (GH-132471)

Cherry-picked using 5863cd70b8782313b52bb8c71a4127d7ea4c50e9

[3.13] gh-131927: Prevent emitting compiler warnings twice (GH-131993) (GH-132463)

(cherry picked from commit 3d08c8ad20dfabd4864be139cd9c2eb5602ccdfe)

[3.13] gh-132354: document return value for `asyncio.Task.cancel` (GH-132374) (#132465)

gh-132354: document return value for `asyncio.Task.cancel` (GH-132374)
(cherry picked from commit 64b066ad298506f715647c9a2524c9fbbc764cc2)

Co-authored-by: Felix Scherz <felixwscherz@gmail.com>

[3.13] Fix a typo in c-api/typeobj.rst (GH-132317) (#132464)

Fix a typo in c-api/typeobj.rst (GH-132317)
(cherry picked from commit f69b344e0944bd8d59d2dc4d98e988cc4dbfadf3)

Co-authored-by: Yongzi Li <1538321957@qq.com>

[3.13] gh-132429: Fix support of Bluetooth sockets on NetBSD and DragonFly BSD (GH-132431) (GH-132458)

Also fix a compiler warning on FreeBSD.
(cherry picked from commit f2f86d3f459a89273ea22389bb57eed402908302)

[3.13] gh-132213: use relaxed atomics for set hash  (#132447)

[3.13] gh-132185: Speed up expanduser() test with large password database (GH-132231) (GH-132443)

Use only a limited number of randomly selected entries.
(cherry picked from commit 842ab815177549b9d4bec576d8f2c8f240b63506)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] Docs: Fix specifications of `gcvisitobjects_t` (GH-132433) (#132441)

Docs: Fix specifications of `gcvisitobjects_t` (GH-132433)

`gcvisitobjects_t` callbacks should return 1 for the iteration to continue instead of 0.
(cherry picked from commit 1e5798e37255e921beae2aaa8329d5c48a2ef230)

Co-authored-by: da-woods <dw-git@d-woods.co.uk>

[3.13] gh-58211: Add tests for  the `__self__` attribute of builtins functions (GH-113575) (#132437)

gh-58211: Add tests for  the `__self__` attribute of builtins functions (GH-113575)

---------
(cherry picked from commit 891465fc7a6cf096d5d58db70532e2f3809b1c24)

Co-authored-by: Adorilson Bezerra <adorilson@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sergey B Kirpichev <skirpichev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-123441: Update Belorussian spelling (GH-132409) (GH-132432)

(cherry picked from commit ad3bbe8fbcc9045c436b0c5e49b1aec018c59c2d)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] GH-132417: ctypes: Fix potential `Py_DECREF(NULL)` when handling functions returning `PyObject *` (GH-132418) (#132425)

GH-132417: ctypes: Fix potential `Py_DECREF(NULL)` when handling functions returning `PyObject *` (GH-132418)

Some functions (such as `PyErr_Occurred`) with a `restype` set to `ctypes.py_object` may return NULL without setting an exception.
(cherry picked from commit 2aab2db1461ef49b42549255af16a74b1bf8a5ef)

Co-authored-by: Nicolas Trangez <ikke@nicolast.be>

[3.13] gh-132356: Find the correct group name in test_group_no_follow_symlinks (GH-132357) (#132404)

gh-132356: Find the correct group name in test_group_no_follow_symlinks (GH-132357)

Find the correct group name in test_group_no_follow_symlinks
(cherry picked from commit 3e1a47bdb468d02665c137d84dd44500a557b58b)

Co-authored-by: Karolina Surma <33810531+befeleme@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] CI: Update outdated references to Python version and GH issues (GH-132394) (#132402)

CI: Update outdated references to Python version and GH issues (GH-132394)
(cherry picked from commit f23052591a60f588c432795f1ac687e709d97386)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-130834: Fix free-threaded build with JIT for aarch64 linux (#132368)

* [3.13] gh-130834: Fix free-threaded build with JIT for arm

* lint

[3.13] gh-131127: Minimal build support on systems using LibreSSL (GH-131128) (GH-132392)

(cherry picked from commit 1b49c8c71b90bfa97df5633e2bbf51d4a6e22a57)

Co-authored-by: Collin Funk <collin.funk1@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132316: Require `socket` and `GITHUB_TOKEN` env to use `GitHubArtifactDatabase` (GH-132348) (#132367)

gh-132316: Require `socket` and `GITHUB_TOKEN` env to use `GitHubArtifactDatabase` (GH-132348)
(cherry picked from commit fcf2d07228ada64bc864380cd8e3e304d9768caa)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] CI: set correct working directory for Hypothesis cache (GH-119345) (#132364)

CI: set correct working directory for Hypothesis cache (GH-119345)

Set cwd for Hypothesis database
(cherry picked from commit 055c739536ad63b55ad7cd0b91ccacc33064fe11)

Co-authored-by: Zac Hatfield-Dodds <zac.hatfield.dodds@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-106482: Clarify documentation of character set in RE (GH-106517) (#132365)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Panter <vadmium@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-130320: gettext: Test fallback translations (GH-130321) (GH-132359)

(cherry picked from commit 4d58c8cb247b585051bfbacd79f77aafd18986b7)

Co-authored-by: Tomas R <tomas.roun8@gmail.com>

[3.13] Fix example code in curses tutorial (GH-126446) (#132362)

Co-authored-by: Jiayu Yi <yijiayu@gmail.com>

[3.13] Docs: Add a missing trailing full stop (GH-130561) (#132358)

Co-authored-by: Liam DeVoe <orionldevoe@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-72631: Fix wrong documentation for GzipFile.peek (GH-29820) (#132353)

Co-authored-by: 180909 <wjh180909@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

[3.13] Generate social media preview cards for the documentation (GH-132101) (#132344)

[3.13] Escape hyphens in manpage (GH-132291) (#132334)

Co-authored-by: Stefano Rivera <stefano@rivera.za.net>

[3.13] Remove a duplicate word in the Makefile (GH-132301) (#132325)

Co-authored-by: Chu <tomzz233333@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-130587: Invoke regen-token rst with rstfile as an argument (GH-132304) (#132327)

Co-authored-by: Karolina Surma <33810531+befeleme@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-131434: Improve error reporting for incorrect format in strptime() (GH-131568) (GH-132309)

In particularly, fix regression in detecting stray % at the end of the
format string.
(cherry picked from commit 3feac7a093b3fcd549c5dc54277f26f585f2ab0c)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-130631: Make join_header_words() more similar to the original Perl version (GH-130632) (GH-132303)

* Always quote strings with non-ASCII characters.
* Allow some non-separator and non-control characters (like "." or "-")
  be unquoted.
* Always quote strings that end with "\n".
* Use the fullmatch() method for clarity and optimization.
(cherry picked from commit 7ebbd271444d89218870169624921b795a717470)

[3.13] gh-131507: Add a way to recreate the `Misc/mypy` symlinks if missing (GH-132274) (#132293)

They will be removed in source tarballs so they don't appear in the SBOM.

(cherry picked from commit 16dcb576f7623e19f22be631bbc0e565335da969)

Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-106670: Fix a typo in doc of pdb's exceptions command (GH-132277) (#132279)

gh-106670: Fix a typo in doc of pdb's exceptions command (GH-132277)
(cherry picked from commit efd8aca62c214dde6115822a659403fb05340680)

Co-authored-by: Tian Gao <gaogaotiantian@hotmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132250: Clear error in lsprof callback when method descriptor raises an excep… (GH-132251) (#132281)

gh-132250: Clear error in lsprof callback when method descriptor raises an excep… (GH-132251)
(cherry picked from commit ab64130b572424695bf072f7608a536997dce14f)

Co-authored-by: Tian Gao <gaogaotiantian@hotmail.com>

Merge branch '3.13' of https://github.com/python/cpython into 3.13

Post 3.13.3

[3.13] gh-132063: ensure that `ProcessPoolExecutor` does not swallow falsey exceptions (GH-132129) (#132275)

gh-132063: ensure that `ProcessPoolExecutor` does not swallow falsey exceptions (GH-132129)
(cherry picked from commit 933c6653cba235b3af2250bb19713694b560c367)

Co-authored-by: Duprat <yduprat@gmail.com>

Python 3.13.3

[3.13] gh-117779: Fix reading duplicated entries in zipfile by name (GH-129254) (GH-132263)

(cherry picked from commit 0f04f2456a2ff996cc670342a287928ab5f9b706)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-131998: Fix `NULL` dereference when using an unbound method descriptor in a specialized code path (GH-132000) (#132262)

(cherry picked from commit ac3c439cdfee8452f2bcceacd67a1f4e423ac3cf)

Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>

[3.13] gh-71339: Use new assertion methods in test_import and test_importlib (GH-129052) (#129123)

(cherry picked from commit f7cc7d296c2cbb33d3f0bde4ace82e8569f7dbc3)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-102136: Add -m to options that work with -i (GH-119271) (GH-119285)

(cherry picked from commit 172690227e771c2e8ab137815073e3a172c08dec)

Co-authored-by: Melanie Arbor <hellomelaniec@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-130164: Fix inspect.Signature.bind() handling of positional-only args without defaults (GH-130192) (GH-130271)

Follow-up to 9c15202.
(cherry picked from commit dab456dcefd886bde44eb204dc6f1b2f14de0e9d)

Co-authored-by: Jacob Walls <jacobtylerwalls@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132021: Add bool type to the list of allowed JSON key types (GH-132048) (#132255)

gh-132021: Add bool type to the list of allowed JSON key types (GH-132048)
(cherry picked from commit 403886c28ddb350bbcaea478f8d754ed14e10337)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (తాటిపర్తి శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Eric V. Smith <ericvsmith@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-130775: Allow negative locations in `ast` (GH-130795) (#132243)

(cherry picked from commit bc5233b6a5cdd8f77a4737ce317f94110869c082)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

[3.13] gh-132174: Fix function name in error message of `_interpreters.run_string` (GH-132175) (#132209)

gh-132174: Fix function name in error message of `_interpreters.run_string` (GH-132175)
(cherry picked from commit f2daa96c81a45b26bdcf3d5c3887cec02137974e)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Brian Schubert <brianm.schubert@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-115684: Clarify datetime `replace` documentation (GH-116519) (#131676)

gh-115684: Clarify datetime `replace` documentation (GH-116519)

* Clarify datetime `replace` documentation

In GH-115684, HopedForLuck noted that `datetime.date.replace()`
documentation was confusing because it looked like it would be changing
immutable objects.

This documentation change specifies that the `replace()` methods in
`datetime` return new objects. This uses similar wording to the
documentation for `datetime.combine()`, which specifies that a new
datetime is returned. This is also similar to wording for
`string.replace()`, except `string.replace()` emphasizes that a "copy"
is returned.

Resolves GH-115684.

* Include reviewer comments

Thanks Privat33r-dev for the comments!

---------
(cherry picked from commit d2d886215cf694d5f3e7f0cbd76507a96bac322b)

Co-authored-by: David Lowry-Duda <david@lowryduda.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Ganssle <1377457+pganssle@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] Add psfhosted Plausible instance to analytics (GH-132252) (#132253)

Add psfhosted Plausible instance to analytics (GH-132252)
(cherry picked from commit 40844164b1d1d0f072990ff94202c348771676d6)

Co-authored-by: Ee Durbin <ewdurbin@gmail.com>

[3.13] GH-130673: Gracefully handle missing sections in JIT build (GH-131749)

(cherry picked from commit a26a301f8b09c1825b288fc8649f8174576361f4)
Co-authored-by: Bojun Ren <bj.ren.coding@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1 (GH-132192) (#132236)

* gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1 (GH-132192)
(cherry picked from commit c0de6500249469e6fc5b458d6afb6bad1b6755cd)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>
* make regen-sbom

---------

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

[3.13] Docs HTML: Remove self-closing tags (GH-132220) (#132228)

(cherry picked from commit ce724571b35f4e79fff1c862fcd9afa4c26b605f)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+aa-turner@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-130521: Add Open Graph meta tags to template pages (GH-130523) (#132239)

gh-130521: Add Open Graph meta tags to template pages (GH-130523)
(cherry picked from commit f5639d87f59043d3075dbd3d9075f30e872dd91a)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] GH-127953: Make line number lookup O(1) regardless of the size of the code object (#129127)

GH-127953: Make line number lookup O(1) regardless of the size of the code object (GH-128350)

[3.13] gh-131988: Fix a multithreaded scaling regression (#131989)

gh-131988: Fix a multithreaded scaling regression

The 3.13 free threaded build immortalizes certain objects to avoid
reference count contention. In gh-127114 the condition was
unintentionally changed to happen when the first thread was created
instead of the first non-main thread. The `interp->gc.immortalize` field
is then cleared again during `_PyGC_Init()`.

Change the condition so that we check if we should immortalize objects
using deferred reference counting whenever a non-main thread is created.

[3.13] gh-132221: Fix `__match_args__` generation docs in `dataclasses.rst` (GH-132222) (#132226)

gh-132221: Fix `__match_args__` generation docs in `dataclasses.rst` (GH-132222)
(cherry picked from commit 8b62374b344f5da852bed9f16619736d4d43936b)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-131852: Filter out POT-Creation-Date in msgfmt (GH-131880) (GH-132217)

(cherry picked from commit ad6a032cebf59d1668caa7e726aa5da72e1cbb5c)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tomas R. <tomas.roun8@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-132171: Fix `_interpreters.run_string` crash on string subclass (GH-132173) (#132219)

gh-132171: Fix `_interpreters.run_string` crash on string subclass (GH-132173)
(cherry picked from commit 398071871066548954f4c51e8250d13b7c9659e0)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

[3.13] gh-122040: reword `Modules/xxmodule.c` module-level comment (GH-132201) (#132207)

gh-122040: reword `Modules/xxmodule.c` module-level comment (GH-132201)
(cherry picked from commit af8d1b95377917036aaedf18b9cc047d8877259c)

Co-authored-by: Sonny Ding <93831983+sonnyding1@users.noreply.github.com>

[3.13] gh-131912: Improve description of grouping options in the format specification docs (GH-132030) (#132123)

(cherry picked from commit 06a110f5227ba9d52f6205fde55924a14cab36ff)

[3.13] gh-129204: Add _PYTHON_SUBPROCESS_USE_POSIX_SPAWN environment knob (GH-132184) (#132191)

gh-129204: Add _PYTHON_SUBPROCESS_USE_POSIX_SPAWN environment knob (GH-132184)

* Add _PYTHON_SUBPROCESS_USE_POSIX_SPAWN environment knob

Add support for disabling the use of `posix_spawn` via a variable in
the process environment.

While it was previously possible to toggle this by modifying the value
of `subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN`, this required either patching CPython
or modifying it within the interpreter instance which is not always
possible, such as when running applications or scripts not under a
user's control.

* fixup NEWS entry

---------
(cherry picked from commit 4c5dcc6d8292d5142aff8401cb9b9d18b49c6c89)

Signed-off-by: Vincent Fazio <vfazio@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vincent Fazio <vfazio@gmail.com>

[3.13] gh-124111: Update macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.16. (GH-132190)

(cherry picked from commit c55c0201fc09336f193cfc9992dc5e506fd7172d)
Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>

[3.13] gh-131423: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.16. (GH-132189)

Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
(cherry picked from commit ce49022b07928d58d1aecfbcd8ea1bf1055065ed)
Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>

[3.13] gh-91132: Update macOS installer to use ncurses 6.5. (GH-129990)

(cherry picked from commit 0dbe543d70d7f014d4c1e0308f04c1d91bd815ca)

Co-authored-by: Ned Deily <nad@python.org>