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10 <title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title>

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 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>

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23 <div id="path">

 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>

             <p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>

         <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/bind.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>

27 <div class="toplang">

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34 </div>

36 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>

37 </div>

 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>

 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>

 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>

 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>

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43 <div class="section">

 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>

     <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>

50 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on

51 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,

52 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to

53 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected

54 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the

55 Virtual Host feature, which determines how Apache responds to

56 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>

     <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>

59 directive tells the server to accept

60 incoming requests only on the specified ports or

61 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is

     specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>

63 directive, the server

64 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address

65 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given

     port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to

67 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The

68 server will respond to requests from any of the listed

69 addresses and ports.</p>

71 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both

72 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>

74 <div class="example"><p><code>

75 Listen 80<br />

76 Listen 8000

77 </code></p></div>

79 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,

80 and port 8000 on another, use</p>

82 <div class="example"><p><code>

83 Listen 192.0.2.1:80<br />

84 Listen 192.0.2.5:8000

85 </code></p></div>

87 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the

88 following example:</p>

90 <div class="example"><p><code>

91 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80

92 </code></p></div>

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94 <div class="section">

 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>

98 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and

     <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,

100 allowing Apache to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent

101 over IPv6.</p>

102

103 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or

104 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6

105 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses

106 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most

107 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and

108 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those

109 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a

     special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior

111 for Apache.</p>

112

113 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the

114 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use

115 mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections

116 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6

     addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>

118

119 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except

120 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was

121 built.</p>

122

123 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of

124 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all

     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the

126 following examples:</p>

127

128 <div class="example"><p><code>

129 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />

130 Listen 192.0.2.1:80

131 </code></p></div>

132

133 <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and

134 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped

     addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the

136 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>

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138 <div class="section">

 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>

140

141

     <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement 

143 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the

144 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no

     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>

146 directives are used, the server will behave

147 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,

     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>

149 can be used to specify a different behavior

150 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a

151 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the

152 address and port to be used. Then a

     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> section

154 should be created for the specified address and port to set the

155 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the

     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>

157 is set for an address and port that the

158 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>

159 </div></div>

160 <div class="bottomlang">

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