readwrite_data: loop less

readwrite_data: loop less

This function is made to loop in order to drain incoming data
faster. Completely removing the loop has a measerably negative impact on
transfer speeds.

Downsides with the looping include

- it might call the progress callback much more seldom. Especially if
  the write callback is slow.

- rate limiting becomes less exact

- a single transfer might "starve out" other parallel transfers

- QUIC timers for other connections can't be maintained correctly

The long term fix should be to remove the loop and optimize coming back
to avoid the transfer speed penalty.

This fix lower the max loop count to reduce the starvation problem, and
avoids the loop completely for when rate-limiting is in progress.

Ref: #12488
Ref: https://curl.se/mail/lib-2023-12/0012.html
Closes #12504