gh-130959: Reject whitespace in fractions, in pure Python `fromisoformat()` (#130962)

gh-130959: Reject whitespace in fractions, in pure Python `fromisoformat()` (#130962)

* gh-130959: Reject whitespace in fractions, in pure Python `fromisoformat()`

Fix the pure Python implementation of `fromisoformat()` to reject any
non-digit characters, including whitespace, in the fractional part
of time specification.  This makes the behavior consistent with the C
implementation, and prevents incorrect parsing of these fractions
(e.g. `.400 ` would be misinterpreted as `.04`).

* Add the news entry

* Use a different example to fix Sphinx lint

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Ganssle <1377457+pganssle@users.noreply.github.com>
* Try fixing `:func:` ref.

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Co-authored-by: Peter Bierma <zintensitydev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Ganssle <1377457+pganssle@users.noreply.github.com>