From f295410ffedb5432633d3155bb6ece1a8a2233fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 21:21:30 +0000
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 =?utf8?q?=20from=20pre-commit.com=20hooks?=
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---
 .../test_decimal/test_tutorial001.py          | 11 ++--
 .../test_delete/test_tutorial001.py           |  4 +-
 .../test_insert/test_tutorial001.py           |  4 +-
 .../test_select/test_tutorial003.py           |  4 +-
 .../test_select/test_tutorial004.py           |  4 +-
 .../test_select/test_tutorial005.py           |  4 +-
 .../test_update/test_tutorial001.py           | 10 +--
 .../test_tutorial002.py                       |  2 +-
 .../test_tutorial003.py                       |  2 +-
 .../test_tutorial001_tests_main.py            | 36 ++++++-----
 .../test_delete/test_tutorial001.py           | 36 ++++++-----
 .../test_limit_and_offset/test_tutorial001.py | 20 +++---
 .../test_multiple_models/test_tutorial001.py  | 36 ++++++-----
 .../test_multiple_models/test_tutorial002.py  | 34 +++++-----
 .../test_read_one/test_tutorial001.py         | 18 +++---
 .../test_relationships/test_tutorial001.py    | 63 +++++++++++++------
 .../test_response_model/test_tutorial001.py   |  4 +-
 .../test_tutorial001.py                       | 30 +++++----
 .../test_simple_hero_api/test_tutorial001.py  | 16 ++---
 .../test_teams/test_tutorial001.py            | 60 +++++++++++-------
 20 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_advanced/test_decimal/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_advanced/test_decimal/test_tutorial001.py
index 4166e22b..2be19e6c 100644
--- a/tests/test_advanced/test_decimal/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_advanced/test_decimal/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import importlib
-import types # Add import for types
+import types  # Add import for types
 from decimal import Decimal
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock # Keep MagicMock for type hint, though not strictly necessary for runtime
 
 import pytest
 from sqlmodel import create_engine
 
-from ...conftest import needs_py310, PrintMock # Import PrintMock for type hint
+from ...conftest import PrintMock, needs_py310  # Import PrintMock for type hint
 
 expected_calls = [
     [
@@ -45,8 +44,10 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
     return importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.advanced.decimal.{module_name}")
 
 
-def test_tutorial(print_mock: PrintMock, module: types.ModuleType): # Use PrintMock for type hint and types.ModuleType
+def test_tutorial(
+    print_mock: PrintMock, module: types.ModuleType
+):  # Use PrintMock for type hint and types.ModuleType
     module.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     module.engine = create_engine(module.sqlite_url)
     module.main()
-    assert print_mock.calls == expected_calls # Use .calls instead of .mock_calls
+    assert print_mock.calls == expected_calls  # Use .calls instead of .mock_calls
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
index 04b68397..7e1a1687 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.delete.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.delete.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_insert/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_insert/test_tutorial001.py
index 5a29f5d8..2884de3e 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_insert/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_insert/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.insert.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.insert.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial003.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial003.py
index 2b6d4235..bc5a9c38 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial004.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial004.py
index ecf00c96..10b1e864 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial004.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial004.py
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial005.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial005.py
index 0c64821a..fec4122e 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial005.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_select/test_tutorial005.py
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.select.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_update/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_update/test_tutorial001.py
index e14e30e9..57032565 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_update/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_connect/test_update/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from sqlmodel import create_engine
@@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ expected_calls = [
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ModuleType:
     module_name = request.param
-    mod = importlib.import_module(
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.update.{module_name}"
-    )
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.tutorial.connect.update.{module_name}")
     mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     mod.engine = create_engine(mod.sqlite_url)
     return mod
 
 
-def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, print_mock: PrintMock, module: ModuleType) -> None:
+def test_tutorial(
+    clear_sqlmodel: Any, print_mock: PrintMock, module: ModuleType
+) -> None:
     module.main()
     assert print_mock.calls == expected_calls
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial002.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial002.py
index c5e21c25..c3330488 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial002.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial002.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from sqlalchemy import inspect
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial003.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial003.py
index e67673bd..5aa3b8ac 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_create_db_and_table/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from sqlalchemy import inspect
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_app_testing/test_tutorial001_tests_main.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_app_testing/test_tutorial001_tests_main.py
index 7313ef95..535b3301 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_app_testing/test_tutorial001_tests_main.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_app_testing/test_tutorial001_tests_main.py
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import importlib
-import sys # Add sys import
+import sys  # Add sys import
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import Any, Generator
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import Session, SQLModel, create_engine # Keep this for session_fixture
-from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool # Keep this for session_fixture
+from sqlmodel import Session, SQLModel, create_engine  # Keep this for session_fixture
+from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool  # Keep this for session_fixture
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
 
+
 # This will be our parametrized fixture providing the versioned 'main' module
 @pytest.fixture(
     name="module",
@@ -20,7 +21,9 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
         pytest.param("tutorial001_py310", marks=needs_py310),
     ],
 )
-def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType: # clear_sqlmodel is autouse
+def get_module(
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any
+) -> ModuleType:  # clear_sqlmodel is autouse
     module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.app_testing.{request.param}.main"
 
     # Forcing reload to try to get a fresh state for models
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
         module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
     return module
 
+
 @pytest.fixture(name="session", scope="function")
 def session_fixture(module: ModuleType) -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
     # Store original engine-related attributes from the module
@@ -39,13 +43,13 @@ def session_fixture(module: ModuleType) -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
 
     # Force module to use a fresh in-memory SQLite DB for this test run
     module.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
-    module.connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False} # Crucial for FastAPI + SQLite
+    module.connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}  # Crucial for FastAPI + SQLite
 
     # Re-create the engine in the module to use these new settings
     test_engine = create_engine(
         module.sqlite_url,
         connect_args=module.connect_args,
-        poolclass=StaticPool  # Recommended for tests
+        poolclass=StaticPool,  # Recommended for tests
     )
     module.engine = test_engine
 
@@ -55,7 +59,9 @@ def session_fixture(module: ModuleType) -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
         # Fallback if the function isn't named create_db_and_tables
         SQLModel.metadata.create_all(module.engine)
 
-    with Session(module.engine) as session: # Use the module's (now test-configured) engine
+    with Session(
+        module.engine
+    ) as session:  # Use the module's (now test-configured) engine
         yield session
 
     # Teardown: drop tables from the module's engine
@@ -68,14 +74,16 @@ def session_fixture(module: ModuleType) -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
         module.connect_args = original_connect_args
     if original_engine is not None:
         module.engine = original_engine
-    else: # If engine didn't exist, remove the one we created
+    else:  # If engine didn't exist, remove the one we created
         if hasattr(module, "engine"):
             del module.engine
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(name="client", scope="function")
-def client_fixture(session: Session, module: ModuleType) -> Generator[TestClient, None, None]:
-    def get_session_override() -> Generator[Session, None, None]: # Must be a generator
+def client_fixture(
+    session: Session, module: ModuleType
+) -> Generator[TestClient, None, None]:
+    def get_session_override() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:  # Must be a generator
         yield session
 
     module.app.dependency_overrides[module.get_session] = get_session_override
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ def test_read_heroes(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
 
 
 def test_read_hero(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
-    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson") # Use module.Hero
+    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")  # Use module.Hero
     session.add(hero_1)
     session.commit()
 
@@ -155,7 +163,7 @@ def test_read_hero(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
 
 
 def test_update_hero(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
-    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson") # Use module.Hero
+    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")  # Use module.Hero
     session.add(hero_1)
     session.commit()
 
@@ -170,13 +178,13 @@ def test_update_hero(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
 
 
 def test_delete_hero(session: Session, client: TestClient, module: ModuleType):
-    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson") # Use module.Hero
+    hero_1 = module.Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")  # Use module.Hero
     session.add(hero_1)
     session.commit()
 
     response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{hero_1.id}")
 
-    hero_in_db = session.get(module.Hero, hero_1.id) # Use module.Hero
+    hero_in_db = session.get(module.Hero, hero_1.id)  # Use module.Hero
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
     assert hero_in_db is None
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
index 2d37d405..08016f86 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_delete/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import importlib
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine # Import SQLModel for metadata operations
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine  # Import SQLModel for metadata operations
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType:
-    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.delete.{request.param}" # No .main here
+    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.delete.{request.param}"  # No .main here
     if module_name in sys.modules:
         module = importlib.reload(sys.modules[module_name])
     else:
@@ -34,19 +34,23 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
     module.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     module.engine = create_engine(
         module.sqlite_url,
-        connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, # connect_args from original main.py
-        poolclass=StaticPool
+        connect_args={"check_same_thread": False},  # connect_args from original main.py
+        poolclass=StaticPool,
     )
     # Assuming the module has a create_db_and_tables or similar, or uses SQLModel.metadata directly
     if hasattr(module, "create_db_and_tables"):
         module.create_db_and_tables()
     else:
-        SQLModel.metadata.create_all(module.engine) # Fallback, ensure tables are created
+        SQLModel.metadata.create_all(
+            module.engine
+        )  # Fallback, ensure tables are created
 
     return module
 
 
-def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is autouse but explicit for safety
+def test_tutorial(
+    clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType
+):  # clear_sqlmodel is autouse but explicit for safety
     # The engine and tables are now set up by the 'module' fixture
     # The app's dependency overrides for get_session will use module.engine
 
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is
         hero2_data = {
             "name": "Spider-Boy",
             "secret_name": "Pedro Parqueador",
-            "id": 9000, # Note: ID is part of creation data here
+            "id": 9000,  # Note: ID is part of creation data here
         }
         hero3_data = {
             "name": "Rusty-Man",
@@ -65,13 +69,15 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is
         }
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero1_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        hero1 = response.json() # Get actual ID of hero1
+        hero1 = response.json()  # Get actual ID of hero1
         hero1_id = hero1["id"]
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         hero2 = response.json()
-        hero2_id = hero2["id"] # This will be the ID assigned by DB, not 9000 if 9000 is not allowed on POST
+        hero2_id = hero2[
+            "id"
+        ]  # This will be the ID assigned by DB, not 9000 if 9000 is not allowed on POST
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero3_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -86,8 +92,8 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is
         # For robustness, let's check for a non-existent ID based on actual data.
         # If hero2_id is 1, check for 9000. If it's 9000, check for 1 (assuming hero1_id is 1).
         non_existent_id_check = 9000
-        if hero2_id == non_existent_id_check: # if DB somehow used 9000
-            non_existent_id_check = hero1_id + hero2_id + 100 # just some other ID
+        if hero2_id == non_existent_id_check:  # if DB somehow used 9000
+            non_existent_id_check = hero1_id + hero2_id + 100  # just some other ID
 
         response = client.get(f"/heroes/{non_existent_id_check}")
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
@@ -102,7 +108,9 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is
         )
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.patch(f"/heroes/{non_existent_id_check}", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"})
+        response = client.patch(
+            f"/heroes/{non_existent_id_check}", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}
+        )
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")
@@ -111,7 +119,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         data = response.json()
-        assert len(data) == 2 # After deleting one hero
+        assert len(data) == 2  # After deleting one hero
 
         response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{non_existent_id_check}")
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_limit_and_offset/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_limit_and_offset/test_tutorial001.py
index 2ce49c1e..8909e98f 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_limit_and_offset/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_limit_and_offset/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import importlib
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine # Import SQLModel for metadata operations
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine  # Import SQLModel for metadata operations
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType:
-    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.limit_and_offset.{request.param}" # No .main
+    module_name = (
+        f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.limit_and_offset.{request.param}"  # No .main
+    )
     if module_name in sys.modules:
         module = importlib.reload(sys.modules[module_name])
     else:
@@ -31,8 +33,10 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
     module.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
     module.engine = create_engine(
         module.sqlite_url,
-        connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, # Assuming connect_args was in original mod or default
-        poolclass=StaticPool
+        connect_args={
+            "check_same_thread": False
+        },  # Assuming connect_args was in original mod or default
+        poolclass=StaticPool,
     )
     if hasattr(module, "create_db_and_tables"):
         module.create_db_and_tables()
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         hero2 = response.json()
-        hero2_id = hero2["id"] # Use the actual ID from response
+        hero2_id = hero2["id"]  # Use the actual ID from response
 
         # Create hero 3
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero3_data)
@@ -92,7 +96,9 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         data_limit2 = response.json()
         assert len(data_limit2) == 2
-        assert data_limit2[0]["name"] == hero1["name"] # Compare with actual created hero data
+        assert (
+            data_limit2[0]["name"] == hero1["name"]
+        )  # Compare with actual created hero data
         assert data_limit2[1]["name"] == hero2["name"]
 
         response = client.get("/heroes/", params={"offset": 1})
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial001.py
index b0c0c6ce..cd36fbe9 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import importlib
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from sqlalchemy import inspect
 from sqlalchemy.engine.reflection import Inspector
-from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine # Import SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine  # Import SQLModel
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType:
-    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.multiple_models.{request.param}" # No .main
+    module_name = (
+        f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.multiple_models.{request.param}"  # No .main
+    )
     if module_name in sys.modules:
         module = importlib.reload(sys.modules[module_name])
     else:
@@ -34,13 +36,11 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
     # Ensure connect_args is available in module, default if not.
     # Some tutorial files might not define it if they don't use on_event("startup") for engine creation.
     connect_args = getattr(module, "connect_args", {"check_same_thread": False})
-    if "check_same_thread" not in connect_args: # Ensure this specific arg for SQLite
+    if "check_same_thread" not in connect_args:  # Ensure this specific arg for SQLite
         connect_args["check_same_thread"] = False
 
     module.engine = create_engine(
-        module.sqlite_url,
-        connect_args=connect_args,
-        poolclass=StaticPool
+        module.sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args, poolclass=StaticPool
     )
     if hasattr(module, "create_db_and_tables"):
         module.create_db_and_tables()
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert data["secret_name"] == hero1_data["secret_name"]
         assert data["id"] is not None
         assert data["age"] is None
-        hero1_id = data["id"] # Store actual ID
+        hero1_id = data["id"]  # Store actual ID
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         data = response.json()
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         # This is true if ID is auto-generated and not 9000.
         assert data["id"] is not None
         assert data["age"] is None
-        hero2_id = data["id"] # Store actual ID
-
+        hero2_id = data["id"]  # Store actual ID
 
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         data = response.json()
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert data[1]["name"] == hero2_data["name"]
         assert data[1]["secret_name"] == hero2_data["secret_name"]
 
-
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         # OpenAPI schema check - kept as is from original test
@@ -237,8 +235,8 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         }
 
     # Test inherited indexes
-    insp: Inspector = inspect(module.engine) # Use module.engine
-    indexes = insp.get_indexes(str(module.Hero.__tablename__)) # Use module.Hero
+    insp: Inspector = inspect(module.engine)  # Use module.engine
+    indexes = insp.get_indexes(str(module.Hero.__tablename__))  # Use module.Hero
     expected_indexes = [
         {
             "name": "ix_hero_name",
@@ -255,10 +253,16 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
     ]
     # Convert list of dicts to list of tuples of sorted items for order-agnostic comparison
     indexes_for_comparison = [tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in indexes]
-    expected_indexes_for_comparison = [tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in expected_indexes]
+    expected_indexes_for_comparison = [
+        tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in expected_indexes
+    ]
 
     for index_data_tuple in expected_indexes_for_comparison:
-        assert index_data_tuple in indexes_for_comparison, f"Expected index {index_data_tuple} not found in DB indexes {indexes_for_comparison}"
+        assert index_data_tuple in indexes_for_comparison, (
+            f"Expected index {index_data_tuple} not found in DB indexes {indexes_for_comparison}"
+        )
         indexes_for_comparison.remove(index_data_tuple)
 
-    assert len(indexes_for_comparison) == 0, f"Unexpected extra indexes found in DB: {indexes_for_comparison}"
+    assert len(indexes_for_comparison) == 0, (
+        f"Unexpected extra indexes found in DB: {indexes_for_comparison}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial002.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial002.py
index bff39927..92cf5cbf 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial002.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_multiple_models/test_tutorial002.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import importlib
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
+from typing import Any  # For clear_sqlmodel type hint
 
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from sqlalchemy import inspect
 from sqlalchemy.engine.reflection import Inspector
-from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine # Import SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine  # Import SQLModel
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
     name="module",
     scope="function",
     params=[
-        "tutorial002", # Changed to tutorial002
-        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39", marks=needs_py39), # Changed to tutorial002_py39
-        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310), # Changed to tutorial002_py310
+        "tutorial002",  # Changed to tutorial002
+        pytest.param(
+            "tutorial002_py39", marks=needs_py39
+        ),  # Changed to tutorial002_py39
+        pytest.param(
+            "tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310
+        ),  # Changed to tutorial002_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType:
@@ -36,9 +40,7 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
         connect_args["check_same_thread"] = False
 
     module.engine = create_engine(
-        module.sqlite_url,
-        connect_args=connect_args,
-        poolclass=StaticPool
+        module.sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args, poolclass=StaticPool
     )
     if hasattr(module, "create_db_and_tables"):
         module.create_db_and_tables()
@@ -75,7 +77,6 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert data["age"] is None
         hero2_id = data["id"]
 
-
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         data = response.json()
 
@@ -88,7 +89,6 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert data[1]["name"] == hero2_data["name"]
         assert data[1]["secret_name"] == hero2_data["secret_name"]
 
-
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         assert response.json() == {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
     indexes = insp.get_indexes(str(module.Hero.__tablename__))
     expected_indexes = [
         {
-            "name": "ix_hero_age", # For tutorial002, order of expected indexes is different
+            "name": "ix_hero_age",  # For tutorial002, order of expected indexes is different
             "dialect_options": {},
             "column_names": ["age"],
             "unique": 0,
@@ -246,10 +246,16 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         },
     ]
     indexes_for_comparison = [tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in indexes]
-    expected_indexes_for_comparison = [tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in expected_indexes]
+    expected_indexes_for_comparison = [
+        tuple(sorted(d.items())) for d in expected_indexes
+    ]
 
     for index_data_tuple in expected_indexes_for_comparison:
-        assert index_data_tuple in indexes_for_comparison, f"Expected index {index_data_tuple} not found in DB indexes {indexes_for_comparison}"
+        assert index_data_tuple in indexes_for_comparison, (
+            f"Expected index {index_data_tuple} not found in DB indexes {indexes_for_comparison}"
+        )
         indexes_for_comparison.remove(index_data_tuple)
 
-    assert len(indexes_for_comparison) == 0, f"Unexpected extra indexes found in DB: {indexes_for_comparison}"
+    assert len(indexes_for_comparison) == 0, (
+        f"Unexpected extra indexes found in DB: {indexes_for_comparison}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_read_one/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_read_one/test_tutorial001.py
index 0d2b1ec9..51fdc80b 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_read_one/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_read_one/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleType:
-    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.read_one.{request.param}" # No .main
+    module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.read_one.{request.param}"  # No .main
     if module_name in sys.modules:
         module = importlib.reload(sys.modules[module_name])
     else:
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any) -> ModuleTyp
         connect_args["check_same_thread"] = False
 
     module.engine = create_engine(
-        module.sqlite_url,
-        connect_args=connect_args,
-        poolclass=StaticPool
+        module.sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args, poolclass=StaticPool
     )
     if hasattr(module, "create_db_and_tables"):
         module.create_db_and_tables()
@@ -56,18 +54,18 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         }
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero1_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        hero1 = response.json() # Store created hero1 data
+        hero1 = response.json()  # Store created hero1 data
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        hero2 = response.json() # Store created hero2 data
+        hero2 = response.json()  # Store created hero2 data
 
         response_get_all = client.get("/heroes/")
         assert response_get_all.status_code == 200, response_get_all.text
         data_all = response_get_all.json()
         assert len(data_all) == 2
 
-        hero_id_to_get = hero2["id"] # Use actual ID from created hero2
+        hero_id_to_get = hero2["id"]  # Use actual ID from created hero2
         response_get_one = client.get(f"/heroes/{hero_id_to_get}")
         assert response_get_one.status_code == 200, response_get_one.text
         data_one = response_get_one.json()
@@ -77,9 +75,11 @@ def test_tutorial(clear_sqlmodel: Any, module: ModuleType):
         assert data_one["id"] == hero2["id"]
 
         # Check for a non-existent ID
-        non_existent_id = hero1["id"] + hero2["id"] + 100 # A likely non-existent ID
+        non_existent_id = hero1["id"] + hero2["id"] + 100  # A likely non-existent ID
         response_get_non_existent = client.get(f"/heroes/{non_existent_id}")
-        assert response_get_non_existent.status_code == 404, response_get_non_existent.text
+        assert response_get_non_existent.status_code == 404, (
+            response_get_non_existent.text
+        )
 
         response_openapi = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response_openapi.status_code == 200, response_openapi.text
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_relationships/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_relationships/test_tutorial001.py
index bcb9cb13..bc1379d7 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_relationships/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_relationships/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import types
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
-from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import create_engine, SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         hero2_data = {
             "name": "Spider-Boy",
             "secret_name": "Pedro Parqueador",
-            "id": 9000, # This ID might be problematic if the DB auto-increments differently or if this ID is expected to be user-settable and unique
+            "id": 9000,  # This ID might be problematic if the DB auto-increments differently or if this ID is expected to be user-settable and unique
         }
         hero3_data = {
             "name": "Rusty-Man",
@@ -107,8 +106,10 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         hero2_id = hero2["id"]
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero3_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        response = client.get("/heroes/9000") # This might fail if hero2_id is not 9000
-        assert response.status_code == 404, response.text # Original test expects 404, this implies ID 9000 is not found after creation. This needs to align with how IDs are handled.
+        response = client.get("/heroes/9000")  # This might fail if hero2_id is not 9000
+        assert response.status_code == 404, (
+            response.text
+        )  # Original test expects 404, this implies ID 9000 is not found after creation. This needs to align with how IDs are handled.
 
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -120,18 +121,25 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         data = response.json()
         assert data["name"] == hero1_data["name"]
         # Ensure team is loaded and correct
-        if "team" in data and data["team"] is not None: # Team might not be present if not correctly loaded by the endpoint
+        if (
+            "team" in data and data["team"] is not None
+        ):  # Team might not be present if not correctly loaded by the endpoint
             assert data["team"]["name"] == team_z_force["name"]
-        elif short_module_name != "tutorial001_py310": # tutorial001_py310.py doesn't include team in HeroPublic
-             # If team is expected, this is a failure. For tutorial001 and tutorial001_py39, team should be present.
-            assert "team" in data and data["team"] is not None, "Team data missing in hero response"
-
+        elif (
+            short_module_name != "tutorial001_py310"
+        ):  # tutorial001_py310.py doesn't include team in HeroPublic
+            # If team is expected, this is a failure. For tutorial001 and tutorial001_py39, team should be present.
+            assert "team" in data and data["team"] is not None, (
+                "Team data missing in hero response"
+            )
 
         response = client.patch(
             f"/heroes/{hero2_id}", json={"secret_name": "Spider-Youngster"}
         )
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        response = client.patch("/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}) # Test patching non-existent hero
+        response = client.patch(
+            "/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}
+        )  # Test patching non-existent hero
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")
@@ -140,24 +148,24 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         data = response.json()
         assert len(data) == 2
-        response = client.delete("/heroes/9000") # Test deleting non-existent hero
+        response = client.delete("/heroes/9000")  # Test deleting non-existent hero
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.get(f"/teams/{team_preventers_id}")
         data = response.json()
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         assert data["name"] == team_preventers_data["name"]
-        assert len(data["heroes"]) > 0 # Ensure heroes are loaded
+        assert len(data["heroes"]) > 0  # Ensure heroes are loaded
         assert data["heroes"][0]["name"] == hero3_data["name"]
 
         response = client.delete(f"/teams/{team_preventers_id}")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        response = client.delete("/teams/9000") # Test deleting non-existent team
+        response = client.delete("/teams/9000")  # Test deleting non-existent team
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
         response = client.get("/teams/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         data = response.json()
-        assert len(data) == 1 # Only Z-Force should remain
+        assert len(data) == 1  # Only Z-Force should remain
 
         # OpenAPI schema check - this is a long part, keeping it as is from the original.
         # Small modification to handle potential differences in Pydantic v1 vs v2 for optional fields in schema
@@ -177,10 +185,17 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
 
         # short_module_name is already defined at the start of the 'with TestClient' block
         # All versions (base, py39, py310) use HeroPublicWithTeam for this endpoint based on previous test run.
-        assert get_hero_path["responses"]["200"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"]["$ref"] == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublicWithTeam"
+        assert (
+            get_hero_path["responses"]["200"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"][
+                "$ref"
+            ]
+            == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublicWithTeam"
+        )
 
         # Check HeroCreate schema for age and team_id nullability based on IsDict usage in original
-        hero_create_props = openapi_schema["components"]["schemas"]["HeroCreate"]["properties"]
+        hero_create_props = openapi_schema["components"]["schemas"]["HeroCreate"][
+            "properties"
+        ]
         # For Pydantic v2 style (anyOf with type and null) vs Pydantic v1 (just type, optionality by not being in required)
         # This test was written with IsDict which complicates exact schema matching without knowing SQLModel version's Pydantic interaction
         # For simplicity, we check if 'age' and 'team_id' are present. Detailed check would need to adapt to SQLModel's Pydantic version.
@@ -203,11 +218,19 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         # It's better to check for key components and structures.
 
         # Check if TeamPublicWithHeroes has heroes list
-        team_public_with_heroes_props = openapi_schema["components"]["schemas"]["TeamPublicWithHeroes"]["properties"]
+        team_public_with_heroes_props = openapi_schema["components"]["schemas"][
+            "TeamPublicWithHeroes"
+        ]["properties"]
         assert "heroes" in team_public_with_heroes_props
         assert team_public_with_heroes_props["heroes"]["type"] == "array"
         # short_module_name is already defined
         if short_module_name == "tutorial001_py310":
-            assert team_public_with_heroes_props["heroes"]["items"]["$ref"] == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublic" # tutorial001_py310 uses HeroPublic for heroes list
+            assert (
+                team_public_with_heroes_props["heroes"]["items"]["$ref"]
+                == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublic"
+            )  # tutorial001_py310 uses HeroPublic for heroes list
         else:
-            assert team_public_with_heroes_props["heroes"]["items"]["$ref"] == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublic" # Original tutorial001.py seems to imply HeroPublic as well.
+            assert (
+                team_public_with_heroes_props["heroes"]["items"]["$ref"]
+                == "#/components/schemas/HeroPublic"
+            )  # Original tutorial001.py seems to imply HeroPublic as well.
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_response_model/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_response_model/test_tutorial001.py
index 2b935b23..b0dd9e94 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_response_model/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_response_model/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import create_engine, SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         assert data[0]["secret_name"] == hero_data["secret_name"]
         # Ensure other fields are present as per the model Hero (which is used as response_model)
         assert "id" in data[0]
-        assert "age" in data[0] # Even if None, it should be in the response
+        assert "age" in data[0]  # Even if None, it should be in the response
 
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_session_with_dependency/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_session_with_dependency/test_tutorial001.py
index 388a2fba..0ee7bb48 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_session_with_dependency/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_session_with_dependency/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import create_engine, SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import create_engine
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any):
     # Let's rely on the app's startup event as per the tutorial's design.
     # If `create_db_and_tables` exists as a global function in the module (outside app event), then call it.
     if hasattr(mod, "create_db_and_tables") and callable(mod.create_db_and_tables):
-         # Check if it's the function that FastAPI would call, or a standalone one.
-         # This tutorial series usually has `create_db_and_tables` called by `app.on_event("startup")`.
-         # If the tests run TestClient(mod.app), startup events will run.
-         pass # Assuming startup event handles it.
+        # Check if it's the function that FastAPI would call, or a standalone one.
+        # This tutorial series usually has `create_db_and_tables` called by `app.on_event("startup")`.
+        # If the tests run TestClient(mod.app), startup events will run.
+        pass  # Assuming startup event handles it.
 
     return mod
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         hero2_data = {
             "name": "Spider-Boy",
             "secret_name": "Pedro Parqueador",
-            "id": 9000, # This ID might be ignored by DB if it's auto-incrementing primary key
+            "id": 9000,  # This ID might be ignored by DB if it's auto-incrementing primary key
         }
         hero3_data = {
             "name": "Rusty-Man",
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        hero2_created = response.json() # Use the ID from the created hero
+        hero2_created = response.json()  # Use the ID from the created hero
         hero2_id = hero2_created["id"]
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero3_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.get(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}") # Use the actual ID from DB
+        response = client.get(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")  # Use the actual ID from DB
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
         # If hero ID 9000 was intended to be a specific test case for a non-existent ID
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         # Otherwise, if hero2 was expected to have ID 9000, this needs adjustment.
         # Given typical auto-increment, ID 9000 for hero2 is unlikely unless DB is reset and hero2 is first entry.
         # The original test implies hero2_data's ID is not necessarily the created ID.
-        response = client.get("/heroes/9000") # Check for a potentially non-existent ID
-        assert response.status_code == 404, response.text # Expect 404 if 9000 is not hero2_id and not another hero's ID
+        response = client.get("/heroes/9000")  # Check for a potentially non-existent ID
+        assert response.status_code == 404, (
+            response.text
+        )  # Expect 404 if 9000 is not hero2_id and not another hero's ID
 
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -106,7 +108,9 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         )
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.patch("/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}) # Non-existent ID
+        response = client.patch(
+            "/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}
+        )  # Non-existent ID
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")
@@ -117,7 +121,9 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType):
         data = response.json()
         assert len(data) == 2
 
-        response = client.delete("/heroes/9000") # Non-existent ID (same as the GET check)
+        response = client.delete(
+            "/heroes/9000"
+        )  # Non-existent ID (same as the GET check)
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_simple_hero_api/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_simple_hero_api/test_tutorial001.py
index 7fb38dac..471bdd2e 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_simple_hero_api/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_simple_hero_api/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import create_engine, SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import create_engine
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 # Adjust the import path based on the file's new location or structure
 # Assuming conftest.py is located at tests/conftest.py
-from ....conftest import needs_py310 # This needs to be relative to this file's location
+from ....conftest import (
+    needs_py310,  # This needs to be relative to this file's location
+)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(
@@ -23,9 +25,7 @@ from ....conftest import needs_py310 # This needs to be relative to this file's
 )
 def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any):
     module_name = request.param
-    full_module_name = (
-        f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.simple_hero_api.{module_name}"
-    )
+    full_module_name = f"docs_src.tutorial.fastapi.simple_hero_api.{module_name}"
 
     if full_module_name in sys.modules:
         mod = importlib.reload(sys.modules[full_module_name])
@@ -48,13 +48,15 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any):
     return mod
 
 
-def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used by get_module
+def test_tutorial(
+    module: types.ModuleType,
+):  # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used by get_module
     with TestClient(module.app) as client:
         hero1_data = {"name": "Deadpond", "secret_name": "Dive Wilson"}
         hero2_data = {
             "name": "Spider-Boy",
             "secret_name": "Pedro Parqueador",
-            "id": 9000, # This ID is part of the test logic for this tutorial specifically
+            "id": 9000,  # This ID is part of the test logic for this tutorial specifically
         }
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero1_data)
         data = response.json()
diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_teams/test_tutorial001.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_teams/test_tutorial001.py
index a4dc8c5e..2f961193 100644
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_teams/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_fastapi/test_teams/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 from dirty_equals import IsDict
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from sqlmodel import create_engine, SQLModel
+from sqlmodel import create_engine
 from sqlmodel.pool import StaticPool
 
 from ....conftest import needs_py39, needs_py310
@@ -44,11 +44,13 @@ def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, clear_sqlmodel: Any):
     return mod
 
 
-def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used by get_module
+def test_tutorial(
+    module: types.ModuleType,
+):  # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used by get_module
     with TestClient(module.app) as client:
         # Hero Operations
         hero1_data = {"name": "Deadpond", "secret_name": "Dive Wilson"}
-        hero2_data = { # This hero's ID might be overridden by DB if not specified or if ID is auto-incrementing
+        hero2_data = {  # This hero's ID might be overridden by DB if not specified or if ID is auto-incrementing
             "name": "Spider-Boy",
             "secret_name": "Pedro Parqueador",
             "id": 9000,
@@ -61,29 +63,35 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero2_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         hero2_created = response.json()
-        hero2_id = hero2_created["id"] # Use the actual ID returned by the DB
+        hero2_id = hero2_created["id"]  # Use the actual ID returned by the DB
 
         response = client.post("/heroes/", json=hero3_data)
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.get(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}") # Use DB generated ID
+        response = client.get(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")  # Use DB generated ID
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.get("/heroes/9000") # Check for ID 9000 specifically (could be hero2_id or not)
-        if hero2_id == 9000 : # If hero2 got ID 9000
-             assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        else: # If hero2 got a different ID, then 9000 should not exist
-             assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
+        response = client.get(
+            "/heroes/9000"
+        )  # Check for ID 9000 specifically (could be hero2_id or not)
+        if hero2_id == 9000:  # If hero2 got ID 9000
+            assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+        else:  # If hero2 got a different ID, then 9000 should not exist
+            assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.get("/heroes/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         data = response.json()
         assert len(data) == 3
 
-        response = client.patch(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}", json={"secret_name": "Spider-Youngster"})
+        response = client.patch(
+            f"/heroes/{hero2_id}", json={"secret_name": "Spider-Youngster"}
+        )
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.patch("/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}) # Non-existent ID
+        response = client.patch(
+            "/heroes/9001", json={"name": "Dragon Cube X"}
+        )  # Non-existent ID
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.delete(f"/heroes/{hero2_id}")
@@ -94,13 +102,19 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used
         data = response.json()
         assert len(data) == 2
 
-        response = client.delete("/heroes/9000") # Try deleting ID 9000
-        if hero2_id == 9000 and hero2_id not in [h["id"] for h in data]: # If it was hero2's ID and hero2 was deleted
-            assert response.status_code == 404 # Already deleted
-        elif hero2_id != 9000 and 9000 not in [h["id"] for h in data]: # If 9000 was never a valid ID among current heroes
+        response = client.delete("/heroes/9000")  # Try deleting ID 9000
+        if hero2_id == 9000 and hero2_id not in [
+            h["id"] for h in data
+        ]:  # If it was hero2's ID and hero2 was deleted
+            assert response.status_code == 404  # Already deleted
+        elif hero2_id != 9000 and 9000 not in [
+            h["id"] for h in data
+        ]:  # If 9000 was never a valid ID among current heroes
             assert response.status_code == 404
-        else: # If 9000 was a valid ID of another hero still present (should not happen with current data)
-            assert response.status_code == 200 # This case is unlikely with current test data
+        else:  # If 9000 was a valid ID of another hero still present (should not happen with current data)
+            assert (
+                response.status_code == 200
+            )  # This case is unlikely with current test data
 
         # Team Operations
         team_preventers_data = {"name": "Preventers", "headquarters": "Sharp Tower"}
@@ -128,7 +142,7 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used
         assert data["headquarters"] == team_preventers_created["headquarters"]
         assert data["id"] == team_preventers_created["id"]
 
-        response = client.get("/teams/9000") # Non-existent team ID
+        response = client.get("/teams/9000")  # Non-existent team ID
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.patch(
@@ -136,16 +150,18 @@ def test_tutorial(module: types.ModuleType): # clear_sqlmodel is implicitly used
         )
         data = response.json()
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-        assert data["name"] == team_preventers_data["name"] # Name should be unchanged
+        assert data["name"] == team_preventers_data["name"]  # Name should be unchanged
         assert data["headquarters"] == "Preventers Tower"
 
-        response = client.patch("/teams/9000", json={"name": "Freedom League"}) # Non-existent
+        response = client.patch(
+            "/teams/9000", json={"name": "Freedom League"}
+        )  # Non-existent
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.delete(f"/teams/{team_preventers_id}")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
-        response = client.delete("/teams/9000") # Non-existent
+        response = client.delete("/teams/9000")  # Non-existent
         assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
 
         response = client.get("/teams/")
-- 
2.47.3