From fbd078be0a0722544ebe229ab90f949ead24bb3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chet Ramey
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2025 10:44:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] builtins now return success if supplied --help; use groff to
build HTML man pages; reset mbstate if $'...' strings read an invalid
multibyte sequence; read -t 0 now looks at other options (-n/-N/-d) and sets
the terminal state appropriately
---
CWRU/CWRU.chlog | 38 +
MANIFEST | 5 +-
Makefile.in | 4 +-
builtins/builtin.def | 7 +-
builtins/common.c | 2 +-
builtins/common.h | 4 +-
builtins/eval.def | 8 +-
builtins/getopts.def | 6 +-
builtins/read.def | 33 +-
builtins/test.def | 5 +-
builtins/times.def | 15 +-
doc/bash.0 | 2112 ++++++++++++++-------------
doc/bash.1 | 10 +-
doc/bash.html | 13 +-
doc/bash.info | 284 ++--
doc/bash.pdf | Bin 441192 -> 441173 bytes
doc/bashref.aux | 22 +-
doc/bashref.cp | 12 +-
doc/bashref.cps | 12 +-
doc/bashref.html | 16 +-
doc/bashref.info | 284 ++--
doc/bashref.log | 61 +-
doc/bashref.pdf | Bin 857538 -> 810038 bytes
doc/bashref.rw | 14 +-
doc/bashref.rws | 14 +-
doc/bashref.texi | 6 +
doc/bashref.toc | 14 +-
doc/version.texi | 4 +-
examples/functions/repeat | 40 +
examples/functions/repeat2 | 49 +
examples/loadables/fltexpr.c | 2 +-
examples/startup-files/Bash_aliases | 28 -
lib/sh/strtrans.c | 17 +-
shell.h | 2 +
variables.c | 2 +-
35 files changed, 1666 insertions(+), 1479 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 examples/functions/repeat
create mode 100644 examples/functions/repeat2
diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
index ae46e3502..c223fbb04 100644
--- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
+++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
@@ -11795,3 +11795,41 @@ execute_cmd.c
- execute_function: save and restore the_printed_command_except_trap
(reflected in $BASH_COMMAND) around shell function calls
From a report by Mike Jonkmans
+
+ 9/19
+ ----
+builtins/common.h
+ - CHECK_HELPOPT, CASE_HELPOPT: return EXECUTION_SUCCESS if --help is
+ supplied
+ From a report by pourko@tutamail.com
+
+shell.h,builtins/common.c
+ - no_options: return EX_HELPOPT if --help is supplied to allow callers
+ to return success
+
+builtins/getopts.def,builtins/times.def,builtins/builtin.def,builtins/eval.def
+ - return EXECUTION_SUCCESS if no_options returns EX_HELPOPT
+ From a report by pourko@tutamail.com
+
+Makefile.in
+ - man2html: remove from dependencies, since we're currently using
+ groff to build HTML man pages
+
+ 9/22
+ ----
+lib/sh/strtrans.c
+ - ansicstr: break out of the loop if mbrtowc returns 0 (NULL wchar_t)
+ Report and patch from Grisha Levit
+ - ansic_quote: go to the end of the quoting loop on a null wide
+ character; use a goto since we're in a switch statement
+ Report and patch from Grisha Levit
+
+ 9/23
+ ----
+builtins/read.def
+ - check_read_input: new function, call input_avail but optionally
+ change the terminal settings to what they would be if supplied the
+ -n/-N/-d options
+ - read_builtin: call check_read_input instead of input_avail if we
+ have a zero timeout
+ From a report by pourko@tutamail.com
diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST
index dd42fce76..848c495e5 100644
--- a/MANIFEST
+++ b/MANIFEST
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ support/signames.c f
support/siglen.c f
#support/bashbug.sh f
support/bashbug.sh.in f
-support/man2html.c f
+#support/man2html.c f
support/recho.c f
support/zecho.c f
support/xcase.c f
@@ -863,9 +863,10 @@ examples/functions/login f
#examples/functions/mhfold f
#examples/functions/newdirstack.bsh f
examples/functions/notify.bash f
+examples/functions/repeat f
+examples/functions/repeat2 f
#examples/functions/pathfuncs f
#examples/functions/recurse f
-#examples/functions/repeat2 f
#examples/functions/repeat3 f
examples/functions/seq f
examples/functions/seq2 f
diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index c4a882f78..5a5ea1125 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Makefile for bash-5.3, version 5.10
+# Makefile for bash-5.3, version 5.11
#
# Copyright (C) 1996-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ LOADABLES_DIR = ${top_builddir}/examples/loadables
# Keep GNU Make from exporting the entire environment for small machines.
.NOEXPORT:
-.made: $(Program) bashbug $(SUPPORT_DIR)/man2html$(EXEEXT)
+.made: $(Program) bashbug
@echo "$(Program) last made for a $(Machine) running $(OS)" >.made
$(Program): $(OBJECTS) $(BUILTINS_DEP) $(LIBDEP) .build
diff --git a/builtins/builtin.def b/builtins/builtin.def
index 3ceb50a6d..70e5a5ce3 100644
--- a/builtins/builtin.def
+++ b/builtins/builtin.def
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
This file is builtin.def, from which is created builtin.c.
It implements the builtin "builtin" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2017,2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2017,2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ builtin_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
sh_builtin_func_t *function;
register char *command;
+ int r;
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ if (r = no_options (list))
+ return (r == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
list = loptend; /* skip over possible `--' */
if (list == 0)
diff --git a/builtins/common.c b/builtins/common.c
index a681cee43..6f85c5184 100644
--- a/builtins/common.c
+++ b/builtins/common.c
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ no_options (WORD_LIST *list)
if (opt == GETOPT_HELP)
{
builtin_help ();
- return (2);
+ return (EX_HELPOPT);
}
builtin_usage ();
return (1);
diff --git a/builtins/common.h b/builtins/common.h
index a169f494c..ec717f5f4 100644
--- a/builtins/common.h
+++ b/builtins/common.h
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ do { \
if ((l) && (l)->word && ISHELP((l)->word->word)) \
{ \
builtin_help (); \
- return (EX_USAGE); \
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); \
} \
} while (0)
#define CASE_HELPOPT \
case GETOPT_HELP: \
builtin_help (); \
- return (EX_USAGE)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
/* Flag values for parse_and_execute () and parse_string () */
#define SEVAL_NONINT 0x001
diff --git a/builtins/eval.def b/builtins/eval.def
index 0160b9618..f200ac563 100644
--- a/builtins/eval.def
+++ b/builtins/eval.def
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
This file is eval.def, from which is created eval.c.
It implements the builtin "eval" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2016,2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2016,2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ $END
int
eval_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ int r;
+
+ if (r = no_options (list))
+ return (r == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
list = loptend; /* skip over possible `--' */
return (list ? evalstring (string_list (list), "eval", SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOOPTIMIZE) : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
diff --git a/builtins/getopts.def b/builtins/getopts.def
index c049bec16..b586ba0ab 100644
--- a/builtins/getopts.def
+++ b/builtins/getopts.def
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
This file is getopts.def, from which is created getopts.c.
It implements the builtin "getopts" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ getopts_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
char **av;
int ac, ret;
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ if (ret = no_options (list))
+ return (ret == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
list = loptend; /* skip over possible `--' */
if (list == 0)
diff --git a/builtins/read.def b/builtins/read.def
index 04366ec96..4ad36325d 100644
--- a/builtins/read.def
+++ b/builtins/read.def
@@ -216,6 +216,28 @@ uw_reset_rl_instream (void *fp)
}
#endif
+/* Check whether there is input on FD after setting the terminal settings to
+ what they would be if the read was actually performed. */
+static int
+check_read_input (int fd, int change_term)
+{
+ TTYSTRUCT ttattrs, ttset;
+ int r;
+
+ if (change_term)
+ {
+ ttgetattr (fd, &ttattrs);
+ ttset = ttattrs;
+ r = ttfd_onechar (fd, &ttset);
+ if (r < 0)
+ sh_ttyerror (1);
+ }
+ r = input_avail (fd);
+ if (change_term)
+ ttsetattr (fd, &ttattrs);
+ return r;
+}
+
/* Read the value of the shell variables whose names follow.
The reading is done from the current input stream, whatever
that may be. Successive words of the input line are assigned
@@ -300,7 +322,8 @@ read_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
mb_cur_max = MB_CUR_MAX;
tmsec = tmusec = 0; /* no timeout */
- nr = nchars = input_is_tty = input_is_pipe = unbuffered_read = have_timeout = 0;
+ nr = nchars = input_is_pipe = unbuffered_read = have_timeout = 0;
+ input_is_tty = -1; /* not checked yet */
delim = '\n'; /* read until newline */
ignore_delim = nflag = 0;
@@ -395,7 +418,12 @@ read_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
/* `read -t 0 var' tests whether input is available with select/FIONREAD,
and fails if those are unavailable */
if (have_timeout && tmsec == 0 && tmusec == 0)
- return (input_avail (fd) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ {
+ int ct; /* change terminal settings */
+
+ ct = (nflag || delim) && isatty (fd);
+ return (check_read_input (fd, ct) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
/* Convenience: check early whether or not the first of possibly several
variable names is a valid identifier, and bail early if so. */
@@ -477,6 +505,7 @@ read_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
#else
input_is_tty = 1;
#endif
+
if (input_is_tty == 0)
#ifndef __CYGWIN__
input_is_pipe = fd_ispipe (fd);
diff --git a/builtins/test.def b/builtins/test.def
index da7870c77..4d5c3b13c 100644
--- a/builtins/test.def
+++ b/builtins/test.def
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary
expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There
are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+Unless specified otherwise, primaries that operate on files operate
+on the target of a symbolic link rather than the link itself.
+
The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the
bash manual page for the complete specification.
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ File operators:
FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2.
- FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.
+ FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 and file2 refer to the same file.
String operators:
diff --git a/builtins/times.def b/builtins/times.def
index b6d9faf25..ba6edeeef 100644
--- a/builtins/times.def
+++ b/builtins/times.def
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
This file is times.def, from which is created times.c.
It implements the builtin "times" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -64,13 +64,14 @@ $END
int
times_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
+ int r;
#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL) && defined (RUSAGE_SELF)
struct rusage self, kids;
USE_VAR(list);
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ if (r = no_options (list))
+ return (r == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &self);
getrusage (RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &kids); /* terminated child processes */
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ times_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
USE_VAR(list);
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ if (r = no_options (list))
+ return (r == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
times (&t);
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ times_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
USE_VAR(list);
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ if (r = no_options (list))
+ return (r == EX_HELPOPT ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EX_USAGE);
printf ("0.00 0.00\n0.00 0.00\n");
# endif /* HAVE_TIMES */
diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0
index ee493f1d4..20563a227 100644
--- a/doc/bash.0
+++ b/doc/bash.0
@@ -5090,57 +5090,61 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
+ All builtins except ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, eecchhoo, and tteesstt/[[ accept ----hheellpp as a
+ special option. If ----hheellpp is supplied, these builtins output a help
+ message and exit with a status of 0.
+
:: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.. [--pp _p_a_t_h] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
ssoouurrccee [--pp _p_a_t_h] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- The .. command (ssoouurrccee) reads and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- in the current shell environment and returns the exit status of
+ The .. command (ssoouurrccee) reads and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
+ in the current shell environment and returns the exit status of
the last command executed from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, .. searches for it. If the
- --pp option is supplied, .. treats _p_a_t_h as a colon-separated list
- of directories in which to find _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e; otherwise, .. uses the
- entries in PPAATTHH to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
- _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not need to be executable. When bbaasshh is not in
+ --pp option is supplied, .. treats _p_a_t_h as a colon-separated list
+ of directories in which to find _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e; otherwise, .. uses the
+ entries in PPAATTHH to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
+ _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not need to be executable. When bbaasshh is not in
posix mode, it searches the current directory if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not
- found in PPAATTHH, but does not search the current directory if --pp
+ found in PPAATTHH, but does not search the current directory if --pp
is supplied. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin com-
mand is turned off, .. does not search PPAATTHH.
- If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional para-
- meters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional pa-
+ If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional para-
+ meters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional pa-
rameters are unchanged.
If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it
- is not, any DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the
+ is not, any DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the
call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If --TT
is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the new
value persists after .. completes. The return status is the sta-
tus of the last command executed from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e (0 if no commands
- are executed), and non-zero if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot
+ are executed), and non-zero if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot
be read.
aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
- With no arguments or with the --pp option, aalliiaass prints the list
- of aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output.
+ With no arguments or with the --pp option, aalliiaass prints the list
+ of aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output.
When arguments are supplied, define an alias for each _n_a_m_e whose
- _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word
- to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded
- during command parsing. For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for
- which no _v_a_l_u_e is supplied, print the name and value of the
- alias _n_a_m_e. aalliiaass returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given (without
+ _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word
+ to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded
+ during command parsing. For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for
+ which no _v_a_l_u_e is supplied, print the name and value of the
+ alias _n_a_m_e. aalliiaass returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given (without
a corresponding =_v_a_l_u_e) for which no alias has been defined.
bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...]
- Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it
- had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell
+ Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it
+ had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell
uses its notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started
without job control.
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llssvvSSVVXX]
@@ -5151,192 +5155,192 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --pp|--PP [_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_l_i_n_e
- Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro or to a shell command,
- or set a rreeaaddlliinnee variable. Each non-option argument is a key
- binding or command as it would appear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initializa-
- tion file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be
- passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r":
- re-read-init-file'. In the following descriptions, output
- available to be re-read is formatted as commands that would ap-
+ Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro or to a shell command,
+ or set a rreeaaddlliinnee variable. Each non-option argument is a key
+ binding or command as it would appear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initializa-
+ tion file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be
+ passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r":
+ re-read-init-file'. In the following descriptions, output
+ available to be re-read is formatted as commands that would ap-
pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file or that would be supplied
- as individual arguments to a bbiinndd command. Options, if sup-
+ as individual arguments to a bbiinndd command. Options, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p
Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
- _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d,
- and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e
- is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
+ _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d,
+ and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e
+ is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
_d_a_r_d.
--ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions.
- --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a
- way that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent
- bbiinndd command or in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file. If
- arguments remain after option processing, bbiinndd treats
- them as rreeaaddlliinnee command names and restricts output to
- those names.
- --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. If
+ --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a
+ way that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent
+ bbiinndd command or in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file. If
arguments remain after option processing, bbiinndd treats
them as rreeaaddlliinnee command names and restricts output to
those names.
- --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be used
+ --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. If
+ arguments remain after option processing, bbiinndd treats
+ them as rreeaaddlliinnee command names and restricts output to
+ those names.
+ --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be used
as an argument to a subsequent bbiinndd command or in a rreeaadd--
lliinnee initialization file.
- --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
+ --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way
+ --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way
that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent bbiinndd
command or in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file.
--VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values.
--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
Read key bindings from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.
--qq _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
- Display key sequences that invoke the named rreeaaddlliinnee
+ Display key sequences that invoke the named rreeaaddlliinnee
_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n.
--uu _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
- Unbind all key sequences bound to the named rreeaaddlliinnee
+ Unbind all key sequences bound to the named rreeaaddlliinnee
_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n.
--rr _k_e_y_s_e_q
Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q.
--xx _k_e_y_s_e_q[[:: ]]_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is en-
tered. The separator between _k_e_y_s_e_q and _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is
- either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by
- whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_-
- _m_a_n_d must be enclosed in double quotes and rreeaaddlliinnee ex-
- pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_-
- _m_a_n_d before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any
- enclosing double quotes are optional, and rreeaaddlliinnee does
- not expand the command string before saving it. Since
- the entire key binding expression must be a single argu-
- ment, it should be enclosed in single quotes. When
- _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets the RREEAADD--
- LLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line
+ either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by
+ whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_-
+ _m_a_n_d must be enclosed in double quotes and rreeaaddlliinnee ex-
+ pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_-
+ _m_a_n_d before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any
+ enclosing double quotes are optional, and rreeaaddlliinnee does
+ not expand the command string before saving it. Since
+ the entire key binding expression must be a single argu-
+ ment, it should be enclosed in single quotes. When
+ _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets the RREEAADD--
+ LLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line
buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT and RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK variables
- to the current location of the insertion point and the
- saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. The
- shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied to
- the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUUMMEENNTT variable. If there was no argu-
- ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
- changes the value of any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADD--
- LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, those new values will be
+ to the current location of the insertion point and the
+ saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. The
+ shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied to
+ the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUUMMEENNTT variable. If there was no argu-
+ ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
+ changes the value of any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADD--
+ LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, those new values will be
reflected in the editing state.
- --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
- associated commands in a format that can be reused as an
+ --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as an
argument to a subsequent bbiinndd command.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied
or an error occurred.
bbrreeaakk [_n]
- Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is
+ Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is
specified, bbrreeaakk exits _n enclosing loops. _n must be >= 1. If _n
- is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing
+ is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing
loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater
than or equal to 1.
bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- Execute the specified shell builtin _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n, passing it
- _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when
- defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
- retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
- The ccdd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return sta-
+ Execute the specified shell builtin _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n, passing it
+ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when
+ defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
+ retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
+ The ccdd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return sta-
tus is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command.
ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins).
- Without _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source file-
- name of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer
+ Without _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source file-
+ name of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer
is supplied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine
name, and source file corresponding to that position in the cur-
- rent execution call stack. This extra information may be used,
+ rent execution call stack. This extra information may be used,
for example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame
0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
ccdd [--LL] [--@@] [_d_i_r]
ccdd --PP [--ee] [--@@] [_d_i_r]
- Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied,
- the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is used as _d_i_r. If _d_i_r is
+ Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied,
+ the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is used as _d_i_r. If _d_i_r is
the empty string, ccdd treats it as an error. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH
exists, and _d_i_r does not begin with a slash (/), ccdd uses it as a
- search path: the shell searches each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH
+ search path: the shell searches each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH
for _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by
a colon (:). A null directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the
current directory, i.e., ".".
- The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory structure
+ The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory structure
by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before pro-
- cessing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the
+ cessing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the
sseett builtin command).
- The --LL option forces ccdd to follow symbolic links by resolving
+ The --LL option forces ccdd to follow symbolic links by resolving
the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears
- in _d_i_r, ccdd processes it by removing the immediately previous
+ in _d_i_r, ccdd processes it by removing the immediately previous
pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a slash or the beginning of
- _d_i_r, and verifying that the portion of _d_i_r it has processed to
- that point is still a valid directory name after removing the
+ _d_i_r, and verifying that the portion of _d_i_r it has processed to
+ that point is still a valid directory name after removing the
pathname component. If it is not a valid directory name, ccdd re-
- turns a non-zero status. If neither --LL nor --PP is supplied, ccdd
+ turns a non-zero status. If neither --LL nor --PP is supplied, ccdd
behaves as if --LL had been supplied.
If the --ee option is supplied with --PP, and ccdd cannot successfully
- determine the current working directory after a successful di-
+ determine the current working directory after a successful di-
rectory change, it returns a non-zero status.
- On systems that support it, the --@@ option presents the extended
+ On systems that support it, the --@@ option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
- An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before attempting the
+ An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before attempting the
directory change.
- If ccdd uses a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH, or if -- is
- the first argument, and the directory change is successful, ccdd
+ If ccdd uses a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH, or if -- is
+ the first argument, and the directory change is successful, ccdd
writes the absolute pathname of the new working directory to the
standard output.
- If the directory change is successful, ccdd sets the value of the
+ If the directory change is successful, ccdd sets the value of the
PPWWDD environment variable to the new directory name, and sets the
- OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of the current working
+ OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of the current working
directory before the change.
- The return value is true if the directory was successfully
+ The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...]
- The ccoommmmaanndd builtin runs _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the nor-
+ The ccoommmmaanndd builtin runs _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the nor-
mal shell function lookup for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Only builtin commands or
- commands found in the PPAATTHH named _c_o_m_m_a_n_d are executed. If the
+ commands found in the PPAATTHH named _c_o_m_m_a_n_d are executed. If the
--pp option is supplied, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is performed using
- a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to find all of the
+ a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to find all of the
standard utilities.
- If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, ccoommmmaanndd prints a de-
- scription of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The --vv option displays a single word in-
- dicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d; the --VV
+ If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, ccoommmmaanndd prints a de-
+ scription of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The --vv option displays a single word in-
+ dicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d; the --VV
option produces a more verbose description.
- If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, the exit status is zero if
- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and non-zero if not. If neither option is
- supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be found, the
- exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the ccoommmmaanndd
+ If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, the exit status is zero if
+ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and non-zero if not. If neither option is
+ supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be found, the
+ exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the ccoommmmaanndd
builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
ccoommppggeenn [--VV _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d]
- Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the
- _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee
+ Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the
+ _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee
builtin with the exceptions of --pp, --rr, --DD, --EE, and --II, and write
the matches to the standard output.
- If the --VV option is supplied, ccoommppggeenn stores the generated com-
- pletions into the indexed array variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e instead of
+ If the --VV option is supplied, ccoommppggeenn stores the generated com-
+ pletions into the indexed array variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e instead of
writing them to the standard output.
When using the --FF or --CC options, the various shell variables set
@@ -5345,11 +5349,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified,
- only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed or
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified,
+ only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed or
stored.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n]
@@ -5359,78 +5363,78 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed.
If the --pp option is supplied, or if no options or _n_a_m_es are sup-
- plied, print existing completion specifications in a way that
+ plied, print existing completion specifications in a way that
allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a com-
- pletion specification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are sup-
+ pletion specification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are sup-
plied, all completion specifications.
- The --DD option indicates that other supplied options and actions
- should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, com-
- pletion attempted on a command for which no completion has pre-
- viously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to "empty" command com-
- pletion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II
- option indicates that other supplied options and actions should
- apply to completion on the initial non-assignment word on the
+ The --DD option indicates that other supplied options and actions
+ should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, com-
+ pletion attempted on a command for which no completion has pre-
+ viously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other sup-
+ plied options and actions should apply to "empty" command com-
+ pletion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II
+ option indicates that other supplied options and actions should
+ apply to completion on the initial non-assignment word on the
line, or after a command delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usu-
ally command name completion. If multiple options are supplied,
the --DD option takes precedence over --EE, and both take precedence
- over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e
- arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case
+ over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e
+ arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case
specified by the option.
The process of applying these completion specifications when at-
- tempting word completion is described above under PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee
+ tempting word completion is described above under PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee
CCoommpplleettiioonn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the
- --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the
+ --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked.
--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n
- The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of:
bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt
Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- ddeeffaauulltt Use rreeaaddlliinnee's default filename completion if
+ ddeeffaauulltt Use rreeaaddlliinnee's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
ddiirrnnaammeess
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
ffiilleennaammeess
- Tell rreeaaddlliinnee that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (such as adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). This is intended to be
+ Tell rreeaaddlliinnee that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (such as adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). This is intended to be
used with shell functions.
ffuullllqquuoottee
- Tell rreeaaddlliinnee to quote all the completed words
+ Tell rreeaaddlliinnee to quote all the completed words
even if they are not filenames.
- nnooqquuoottee Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ nnooqquuoottee Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- nnoossoorrtt Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to sort the list of possible
+ nnoossoorrtt Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- nnoossppaaccee Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ nnoossppaaccee Tell rreeaaddlliinnee not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
pplluussddiirrss
- After generating any matches defined by the
- compspec, attempt directory name completion and
- add any matches to the results of the other ac-
+ After generating any matches defined by the
+ compspec, attempt directory name completion and
+ add any matches to the results of the other ac-
tions.
--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n
- The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa.
aarrrraayyvvaarr
Array variable names.
bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names.
- bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as --bb.
ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc.
ddiirreeccttoorryy
@@ -5438,10 +5442,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ddiissaabblleedd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as --ee.
- ffiillee File and directory names, similar to rreeaaddlliinnee's
- filename completion. May also be specified as
+ ffiillee File and directory names, similar to rreeaaddlliinnee's
+ filename completion. May also be specified as
--ff.
ffuunnccttiioonn
Names of shell functions.
@@ -5449,17 +5453,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
hheellppttooppiicc
Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin.
hhoossttnnaammee
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable.
- jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as --jj.
- kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
--kk.
rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss.
- sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett
+ sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett
builtin.
- sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt
+ sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt
builtin.
ssiiggnnaall Signal names.
ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
@@ -5468,219 +5472,219 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as --vv.
--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its
- output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
+ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
are passed as with the --FF option.
--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
- The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
rent command line. When _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n finishes, programmable
- completion retrieves the possible completions from the
+ completion retrieves the possible completions from the
value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable.
--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t
- Expand the pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t to gener-
+ Expand the pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t to gener-
ate the possible completions.
--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x
- Add _p_r_e_f_i_x to the beginning of each possible completion
+ Add _p_r_e_f_i_x to the beginning of each possible completion
after all other options have been applied.
--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x
- Append _s_u_f_f_i_x to each possible completion after all
+ Append _s_u_f_f_i_x to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t
- Split the _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t using the characters in the IIFFSS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters, and expand each resulting
- word. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in or-
- der to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
- tant list which match a prefix of the word being com-
+ Split the _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t using the characters in the IIFFSS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters, and expand each resulting
+ word. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in or-
+ der to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ tant list which match a prefix of the word being com-
pleted.
--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t
- _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list.
- A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list.
+ A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an option other than --pp, --rr, --DD, --EE, or --II is supplied without a
- _n_a_m_e argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
+ _n_a_m_e argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
fication for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an er-
ror occurs adding a completion specification.
ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e]
- Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_-
+ Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_-
_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es are
- supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are supplied, display the completion
- options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible
- values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de-
+ supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are supplied, display the completion
+ options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de-
scribed above.
The --DD option indicates that other supplied options should apply
- to the "default" command completion; the --EE option indicates
+ to the "default" command completion; the --EE option indicates
that other supplied options should apply to "empty" command com-
pletion; and the --II option indicates that other supplied options
- should apply to completion on the initial word on the line.
+ should apply to completion on the initial word on the line.
These are determined in the same way as the ccoommpplleettee builtin.
If multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence
over --EE, and both take precedence over --II.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n]
ccoonnttiinnuuee resumes the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee,
- uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, bbaasshh resumes the _nth
- enclosing loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the num-
- ber of enclosing loops, the shell resumes the last enclosing
- loop (the "top-level" loop). The return value is 0 unless _n is
+ uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, bbaasshh resumes the _nth
+ enclosing loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the num-
+ ber of enclosing loops, the shell resumes the last enclosing
+ loop (the "top-level" loop). The return value is 0 unless _n is
not greater than or equal to 1.
ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
given then display the values of variables or functions. The --pp
- option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e.
- When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other
+ option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e.
+ When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other
than --ff and --FF, are ignored.
When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, ddeeccllaarree will display
the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes
- specified by the additional options. If no other options are
+ specified by the additional options. If no other options are
supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values
- of all shell variables. The --ff option restricts the display to
+ of all shell variables. The --ff option restricts the display to
shell functions.
The --FF option inhibits the display of function definitions; only
- the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg
- shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and
- line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well.
+ the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg
+ shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and
+ line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well.
The --FF option implies --ff.
- The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the
+ The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the
global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell function.
It is ignored when ddeeccllaarree is not executed in a shell function.
- The --II option causes local variables to inherit the attributes
- (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute) and value of any existing vari-
- able with the same _n_a_m_e at a surrounding scope. If there is no
+ The --II option causes local variables to inherit the attributes
+ (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute) and value of any existing vari-
+ able with the same _n_a_m_e at a surrounding scope. If there is no
existing variable, the local variable is initially unset.
- The following options can be used to restrict output to vari-
- ables with the specified attribute or to give variables attrib-
+ The following options can be used to restrict output to vari-
+ ables with the specified attribute or to give variables attrib-
utes:
- --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss
+ --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss
above).
- --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss
+ --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss
above).
--ff Each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell function.
--ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when
+ tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those
- using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref
+ --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those
+ using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
--rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
--tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- --xx Mark each _n_a_m_e for export to subsequent commands via the
+ --xx Mark each _n_a_m_e for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using "+" instead of "-" turns off the specified attribute in-
+ Using "+" instead of "-" turns off the specified attribute in-
stead, with the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to de-
- stroy array variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly at-
+ stroy array variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly at-
tribute.
- When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e lo-
- cal, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is sup-
- plied. If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of
- the variable is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the com-
- pound assignment syntax to create array variables, additional
+ When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e lo-
+ cal, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is sup-
+ plied. If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of
+ the variable is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the com-
+ pound assignment syntax to create array variables, additional
attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", an
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", an
attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an at-
tempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without us-
- ing the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of
+ ing the compound assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of
the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff.
ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]]
Without options, display the list of currently remembered direc-
- tories. The default display is on a single line with directory
- names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the list
- with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from
- the list. The current directory is always the first directory
+ tories. The default display is on a single line with directory
+ names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the list
+ with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from
+ the list. The current directory is always the first directory
in the stack.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
- --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
--pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the
+ --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_i_d ...]
- Without options, remove each _i_d from the table of active jobs.
- Each _i_d may be a job specification _j_o_b_s_p_e_c or a process ID _p_i_d;
+ Without options, remove each _i_d from the table of active jobs.
+ Each _i_d may be a job specification _j_o_b_s_p_e_c or a process ID _p_i_d;
if _i_d is a _p_i_d, ddiissoowwnn uses the job containing _p_i_d as _j_o_b_s_p_e_c.
- If the --hh option is supplied, ddiissoowwnn does not remove the jobs
- corresponding to each _i_d from the jobs table, but rather marks
- them so the shell does not send SSIIGGHHUUPP to the job if the shell
+ If the --hh option is supplied, ddiissoowwnn does not remove the jobs
+ corresponding to each _i_d from the jobs table, but rather marks
+ them so the shell does not send SSIIGGHHUUPP to the job if the shell
receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP.
- If no _i_d is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark all
+ If no _i_d is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark all
jobs; the --rr option without an _i_d argument removes or marks run-
- ning jobs. If no _i_d is supplied, and neither the --aa nor the --rr
+ ning jobs. If no _i_d is supplied, and neither the --aa nor the --rr
option is supplied, ddiissoowwnn removes or marks the current job.
The return value is 0 unless an _i_d does not specify a valid job.
eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...]
- Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is
+ Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is
specified, the trailing newline is not printed.
- If the --ee option is given, eecchhoo interprets the following back-
+ If the --ee option is given, eecchhoo interprets the following back-
slash-escaped characters. The --EE option disables interpretation
- of these escape characters, even on systems where they are in-
- terpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option determines
+ of these escape characters, even on systems where they are in-
+ terpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option determines
whether or not eecchhoo interprets any options and expands these es-
- cape characters. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of
+ cape characters. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of
options.
eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences:
@@ -5695,103 +5699,103 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
\\tt horizontal tab
\\vv vertical tab
\\\\ backslash
- \\00_n_n_n The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\00_n_n_n The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_n_n_n (zero to three octal digits).
- \\xx_H_H The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\xx_H_H The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _H_H (one or two hex digits).
- \\uu_H_H_H_H The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\uu_H_H_H_H The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits).
\\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H
- The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits).
- eecchhoo writes any unrecognized backslash-escaped characters un-
+ eecchhoo writes any unrecognized backslash-escaped characters un-
changed.
eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
- allows an executable file which has the same name as a shell
- builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ allows an executable file which has the same name as a shell
+ builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even
though the shell normally searches for builtins before files.
- If --nn is supplied, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_es are
- enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found using PPAATTHH
+ If --nn is supplied, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_es are
+ enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found using PPAATTHH
instead of the shell builtin version, run "enable -n test".
- If no _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied, or if the --pp option is sup-
+ If no _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied, or if the --pp option is sup-
plied, print a list of shell builtins. With no other option ar-
guments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn
- is supplied, print only disabled builtins. If --aa is supplied,
- the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of
+ is supplied, print only disabled builtins. If --aa is supplied,
+ the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of
whether or not each is enabled. The --ss option means to restrict
the output to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins.
- The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from
+ The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from
shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading.
If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, BBaasshh will use the value of
- the BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH variable as a colon-separated list of
- directories in which to search for _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The default for
- BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH is system-dependent, and may include "." to
- force a search of the current directory. The --dd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If _-_s is used with
+ the BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH variable as a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which to search for _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The default for
+ BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH is system-dependent, and may include "." to
+ force a search of the current directory. The --dd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If _-_s is used with
_-_f, the new builtin becomes a POSIX special builtin.
- If no options are supplied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin,
- eennaabbllee will attempt to load _n_a_m_e from a shared object named
+ If no options are supplied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin,
+ eennaabbllee will attempt to load _n_a_m_e from a shared object named
_n_a_m_e, as if the command were "enable -f _n_a_m_e _n_a_m_e".
- The return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or
+ The return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or
there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
eevvaall [_a_r_g ...]
- Concatenate the _a_r_gs together into a single command, separating
+ Concatenate the _a_r_gs together into a single command, separating
them with spaces. BBaasshh then reads and execute this command, and
- returns its exit status as the return status of eevvaall. If there
+ returns its exit status as the return status of eevvaall. If there
are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0.
eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]]
- If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell without creating
- a new process. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be a shell builtin or function.
+ If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell without creating
+ a new process. _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be a shell builtin or function.
The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option
is supplied, the shell places a dash at the beginning of the ze-
- roth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does.
- The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with an empty envi-
+ roth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does.
+ The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with an empty envi-
ronment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth
argument to the executed command.
If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive
- shell exits, unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In
- that case, it returns a non-zero status. An interactive shell
- returns a non-zero status if the file cannot be executed. A
+ shell exits, unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In
+ that case, it returns a non-zero status. An interactive shell
+ returns a non-zero status if the file cannot be executed. A
subshell exits unconditionally if eexxeecc fails.
If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take effect in the
- current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redi-
+ current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redi-
rection error, the return status is 1.
eexxiitt [_n]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted,
- the exit status is that of the last command executed. Any trap
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted,
+ the exit status is that of the last command executed. Any trap
on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates.
eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] ...
eexxppoorrtt --pp [[--ff]]
- The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is
+ The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is
given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions.
- The --nn option unexports, or removes the export attribute, from
- each _n_a_m_e. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or if only the --pp option is
- supplied, eexxppoorrtt displays a list of names of all exported vari-
+ The --nn option unexports, or removes the export attribute, from
+ each _n_a_m_e. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or if only the --pp option is
+ supplied, eexxppoorrtt displays a list of names of all exported vari-
ables on the standard output. Using --pp and --ff together displays
- exported functions. The --pp option displays output in a form
+ exported functions. The --pp option displays output in a form
that may be reused as input.
- eexxppoorrtt allows the value of a variable to be set when it is ex-
+ eexxppoorrtt allows the value of a variable to be set when it is ex-
ported or unexported by following the variable name with =_v_a_l_u_e.
This sets the value of the variable to _v_a_l_u_e while modifying the
- export attribute. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid
+ export attribute. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid
shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a
function.
@@ -5799,141 +5803,141 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t]
ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
an offset from the current command number).
When listing, a _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is
equivalent to the current command (usually the ffcc command); oth-
- erwise 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not
+ erwise 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not
specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that
"fc -l -10" prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise.
If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- If the --ll option is supplied, the commands are listed on the
- standard output. The --nn option suppresses the command numbers
+ If the --ll option is supplied, the commands are listed on the
+ standard output. The --nn option suppresses the command numbers
when listing. The --rr option reverses the order of the commands.
- Otherwise, ffcc invokes the editor named by _e_n_a_m_e on a file con-
- taining those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not supplied, ffcc uses the
- value of the FFCCEEDDIITT variable, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT
- is not set. If neither variable is set, ffcc uses _v_i_. When edit-
- ing is complete, ffcc reads the file containing the edited com-
+ Otherwise, ffcc invokes the editor named by _e_n_a_m_e on a file con-
+ taining those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not supplied, ffcc uses the
+ value of the FFCCEEDDIITT variable, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT
+ is not set. If neither variable is set, ffcc uses _v_i_. When edit-
+ ing is complete, ffcc reads the file containing the edited com-
mands and echoes and executes them.
- In the second form, ffcc re-executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d after replacing each
- instance of _p_a_t with _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as
+ In the second form, ffcc re-executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d after replacing each
+ instance of _p_a_t with _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as
_f_i_r_s_t above.
- A useful alias to use with ffcc is "r="fc -s"", so that typing "r
+ A useful alias to use with ffcc is "r="fc -s"", so that typing "r
cc" runs the last command beginning with "cc" and typing "r" re-
executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is zero unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history
- lines out of range. When editing and re-executing a file of
+ If the first form is used, the return value is zero unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history
+ lines out of range. When editing and re-executing a file of
commands, the return value is the value of the last command exe-
cuted or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file. If
the second form is used, the return status is that of the re-ex-
- ecuted command, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history en-
+ ecuted command, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history en-
try, in which case ffcc returns a non-zero status.
ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c]
- Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job.
- If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, ffgg uses the shell's notion of the
- _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b. The return value is that of the command placed
- into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is dis-
+ Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, ffgg uses the shell's notion of the
+ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b. The return value is that of the command placed
+ into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is dis-
abled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not
- specify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started
+ specify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started
without job control.
ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g ...]
- ggeettooppttss is used by shell scripts and functions to parse posi-
- tional parameters and obtain options and their arguments. _o_p_t_-
- _s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
+ ggeettooppttss is used by shell scripts and functions to parse posi-
+ tional parameters and obtain options and their arguments. _o_p_t_-
+ _s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have
- an argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+ an argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
The colon and question mark characters may not be used as option
characters.
- Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss places the next option in the
+ Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss places the next option in the
shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and
the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable
- OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a
- shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
+ OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a
+ shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
ggeettooppttss places that argument into the variable OOPPTTAARRGG.
- The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automatically; it must be manu-
- ally reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same
+ The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automatically; it must be manu-
+ ally reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same
shell invocation to use a new set of parameters.
- When it reaches the end of options, ggeettooppttss exits with a return
- value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the
+ When it reaches the end of options, ggeettooppttss exits with a return
+ value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?.
- ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in-
+ ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in-
stead.
- ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, ggeettooppttss uses _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting.
- In normal operation, ggeettooppttss prints diagnostic messages when it
- encounters invalid options or missing option arguments. If the
- variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, ggeettooppttss does not display any error
- messages, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a
+ ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, ggeettooppttss uses _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting.
+ In normal operation, ggeettooppttss prints diagnostic messages when it
+ encounters invalid options or missing option arguments. If the
+ variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, ggeettooppttss does not display any error
+ messages, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a
colon.
If ggeettooppttss detects an invalid option, it places ? into _n_a_m_e and,
- if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If
- ggeettooppttss is silent, it assigns the option character found to OOPP--
+ if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If
+ ggeettooppttss is silent, it assigns the option character found to OOPP--
TTAARRGG and does not print a diagnostic message.
- If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent,
+ If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent,
it sets the value of _n_a_m_e to a question mark (??), unsets OOPPTTAARRGG,
- and prints a diagnostic message. If ggeettooppttss is silent, it sets
- the value of _n_a_m_e to a colon (::) and sets OOPPTTAARRGG to the option
+ and prints a diagnostic message. If ggeettooppttss is silent, it sets
+ the value of _n_a_m_e to a colon (::) and sets OOPPTTAARRGG to the option
character found.
- ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e]
Each time hhaasshh is invoked, it remembers the full pathname of the
- command _n_a_m_e as determined by searching the directories in
- $$PPAATTHH. Any previously-remembered pathname associated with _n_a_m_e
- is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
+ command _n_a_m_e as determined by searching the directories in
+ $$PPAATTHH. Any previously-remembered pathname associated with _n_a_m_e
+ is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, hhaasshh uses _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
as the full pathname of the command.
- The --rr option causes the shell to forget all remembered loca-
- tions. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also clears all hashed
- filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to forget the remem-
+ The --rr option causes the shell to forget all remembered loca-
+ tions. Assigning to the PPAATTHH variable also clears all hashed
+ filenames. The --dd option causes the shell to forget the remem-
bered location of each _n_a_m_e.
If the --tt option is supplied, hhaasshh prints the full pathname cor-
- responding to each _n_a_m_e. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are sup-
- plied with --tt, hhaasshh prints the _n_a_m_e before the corresponding
+ responding to each _n_a_m_e. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are sup-
+ plied with --tt, hhaasshh prints the _n_a_m_e before the corresponding
hashed full pathname. The --ll option displays output in a format
that may be reused as input.
- If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, hhaasshh
- prints information about remembered commands. The --tt, --dd, and
- --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are mu-
+ If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, hhaasshh
+ prints information about remembered commands. The --tt, --dd, and
+ --pp options (the options that act on the _n_a_m_e arguments) are mu-
tually exclusive. Only one will be active. If more than one is
- supplied, --tt has higher priority than --pp, and both have higher
+ supplied, --tt has higher priority than --pp, and both have higher
priority than --dd.
- The return status is zero unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an in-
+ The return status is zero unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an in-
valid option is supplied.
hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
- is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _p_a_t_t_e_r_n as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
+ is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
the builtins and shell compound commands.
Options, if supplied, have the follow meanings:
@@ -5943,13 +5947,13 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
format
--ss Display only a short usage synopsis for each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
- If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n contains pattern matching characters (see PPaatttteerrnn
- MMaattcchhiinngg above) it's treated as a shell pattern and hheellpp prints
+ If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n contains pattern matching characters (see PPaatttteerrnn
+ MMaattcchhiinngg above) it's treated as a shell pattern and hheellpp prints
the description of each help topic matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.
- If not, and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n exactly matches the name of a help topic,
- hheellpp prints the description associated with that topic. Other-
- wise, hheellpp performs prefix matching and prints the descriptions
+ If not, and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+ hheellpp prints the description associated with that topic. Other-
+ wise, hheellpp performs prefix matching and prints the descriptions
of all matching help topics.
The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.
@@ -5961,18 +5965,18 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
hhiissttoorryy --aannrrww [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
hhiissttoorryy --pp _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...]
hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...]
- With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
- Entries prefixed with a ** have been modified. An argument of _n
- lists only the last _n entries. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE--
- FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. If hhiissttoorryy uses HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT, it does
- not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
+ With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
+ Entries prefixed with a ** have been modified. An argument of _n
+ lists only the last _n entries. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE--
+ FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. If hhiissttoorryy uses HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT, it does
+ not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
and the history entry.
If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is supplied, hhiissttoorryy uses it as the name of the his-
- tory file; if not, it uses the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- is not supplied and HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,,
+ tory file; if not, it uses the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
+ is not supplied and HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset or null, the --aa,, --nn,, --rr,,
and --ww options have no effect.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@@ -5980,20 +5984,20 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
can be used with the other options to replace the history
list.
--dd _o_f_f_s_e_t
- Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t
+ Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command.
--dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above.
- --aa Append the "new" history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ --aa Append the "new" history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history
file and add them to the current history list. These are
lines appended to the history file since the beginning of
the current bbaasshh session.
@@ -6001,24 +6005,24 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
rent history list.
--ww Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file.
- --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and
- display the result on the standard output, without stor-
- ing the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be
+ --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and
+ display the result on the standard output, without stor-
+ ing the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
adding the _a_r_g_s.
- If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, hhiissttoorryy writes the time
+ If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, hhiissttoorryy writes the time
stamp information associated with each history entry to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
- scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
- with the history comment character followed immediately by a
- digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
+ scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
+ with the history comment character followed immediately by a
+ digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
entry.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the
history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails.
@@ -6027,14 +6031,14 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
--ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
--rr Display only running jobs.
--ss Display only stopped jobs.
- If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, jjoobbss restricts output to information
+ If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, jjoobbss restricts output to information
about that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option
is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied.
@@ -6044,433 +6048,433 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] _i_d [ ... ]
kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s]
- Send the signal specified by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes
+ Send the signal specified by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes
named by each _i_d. Each _i_d may be a job specification _j_o_b_s_p_e_c or
- a process ID _p_i_d. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive signal
- name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or a sig-
- nal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not sup-
+ a process ID _p_i_d. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive signal
+ name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or a sig-
+ nal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not sup-
plied, then kkiillll sends SSIIGGTTEERRMM.
The --ll option lists the signal names. If any arguments are sup-
plied when --ll is given, kkiillll lists the names of the signals cor-
- responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
- _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to --ll is a number specifying either a sig-
- nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
- nal; if it is supplied, kkiillll prints the name of the signal that
+ responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
+ _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to --ll is a number specifying either a sig-
+ nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
+ nal; if it is supplied, kkiillll prints the name of the signal that
caused the process to terminate. kkiillll assumes that process exit
statuses are greater than 128; anything less than that is a sig-
nal number. The --LL option is equivalent to --ll.
- kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+ kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...]
- Each _a_r_g is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see AARRIITTHH--
- MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett
+ Each _a_r_g is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see AARRIITTHH--
+ MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett
returns 1; otherwise lleett returns 0.
llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ]
For each argument, create a local variable named _n_a_m_e and assign
- it _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddee--
- ccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. It is an error to use llooccaall when not
+ it _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddee--
+ ccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the
+ variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. It is an error to use llooccaall when not
within a function.
- If _n_a_m_e is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
- function in which llooccaall is invoked: any shell options changed
- using the sseett builtin inside the function after the call to lloo--
- ccaall are restored to their original values when the function re-
- turns. The restore is performed as if a series of sseett commands
- were executed to restore the values that were in place before
+ If _n_a_m_e is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
+ function in which llooccaall is invoked: any shell options changed
+ using the sseett builtin inside the function after the call to lloo--
+ ccaall are restored to their original values when the function re-
+ turns. The restore is performed as if a series of sseett commands
+ were executed to restore the values that were in place before
the function.
- With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the
+ With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the
standard output.
- The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a function,
+ The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a function,
an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable.
llooggoouutt [[_n]]
- Exit a login shell, returning a status of _n to the shell's par-
+ Exit a login shell, returning a status of _n to the shell's par-
ent.
mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y]
rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y]
- Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _f_d
- if the --uu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
- _a_r_r_a_y. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _f_d
+ if the --uu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
+ _a_r_r_a_y. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- --dd Use the first character of _d_e_l_i_m to terminate each input
+ --dd Use the first character of _d_e_l_i_m to terminate each input
line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string,
mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL charac-
ter.
--nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, copy all lines.
- --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default
+ --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default
index is 0.
--ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read.
- --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line
+ --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line
read.
- --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
+ --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
dard input.
- --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The
+ --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The
--cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m.
- --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k.
- If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_-
_r_a_y before assigning to it.
mmaappffiillee returns zero unless an invalid option or option argument
- is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is
+ is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is
not an indexed array.
ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n]
- Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss, so
- ppooppdd is equivalent to "popd +0." With no arguments, ppooppdd re-
- moves the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new
+ Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss, so
+ ppooppdd is equivalent to "popd +0." With no arguments, ppooppdd re-
+ moves the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new
top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the following mean-
ings:
--nn Suppress the normal change of directory when removing di-
rectories from the stack, only manipulate the stack.
- ++_n Remove the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ ++_n Remove the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For
example: "popd +0" removes the first directory, "popd +1"
the second.
- --_n Remove the _nth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: "popd
- -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to
+ --_n Remove the _nth entry counting from the right of the list
+ shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: "popd
+ -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppooppdd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
- the directory stack is empty, or _n specifies a non-existent di-
+ Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
+ the directory stack is empty, or _n specifies a non-existent di-
rectory stack entry.
- If the ppooppdd command is successful, bbaasshh runs ddiirrss to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the ppooppdd command is successful, bbaasshh runs ddiirrss to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the
- control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option assigns the output to the
+ Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the
+ control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option assigns the output to the
variable _v_a_r rather than printing it to the standard output.
- The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In
- addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccCCssSS--
+ The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In
+ addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(3) format characters ccCCssSS--
nnddiioouuxxXXeeEEffFFggGGaaAA, pprriinnttff interprets the following additional for-
mat specifiers:
%%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee.
- %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use
- the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these
+ %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %%qq and %%QQ use
+ the $$'''' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _p_r_i_n_t_f alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_-
+ %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_-
_m_e_n_t before quoting it.
%%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT
- causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
+ causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the
number of seconds since the epoch. This format specifier
recognizes two special argument values: -1 represents the
- current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
+ current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
invoked. If no argument is specified, conversion behaves
- as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
+ as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
usual pprriinnttff behavior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes. The %S and %C format specifiers
are equivalent to %ls and %lc, respectively.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
- is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
rent locale.
- The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
+ The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
_m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n]
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r]
Add a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate the
- stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
- rectory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
+ rectory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- --nn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
- adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
+ --nn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
+ adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
stack.
++_n Rotate the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from
- the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero)
+ the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero)
is at the top.
- --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
+ --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top.
After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup-
- plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns zero un-
- less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns zero un-
+ less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
stack, ppuusshhdd returns zero unless the directory stack is empty or
_n specifies a non-existent directory stack element.
- If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bbaasshh runs ddiirrss to show the
+ If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bbaasshh runs ddiirrss to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
ppwwdd [--LLPP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option
is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command
- is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
rreeaadd [--EEeerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s]
[--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
Read one line from the standard input, or from the file descrip-
- tor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split it into
- words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and assign the
- first word to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second
- _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
- maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in the value of the IIFFSS variable are used
+ tor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split it into
+ words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and assign the
+ first word to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second
+ _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
+ maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
+ the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in the value of the IIFFSS variable are used
to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses
for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The back-
- slash character (\\) removes any special meaning for the next
+ slash character (\\) removes any special meaning for the next
character read and is used for line continuation.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
--aa _a_n_a_m_e
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig-
nored.
--dd _d_e_l_i_m
- The first character of _d_e_l_i_m terminates the input line,
- rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd
+ The first character of _d_e_l_i_m terminates the input line,
+ rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd
will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character.
- --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd
- uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line.
- RReeaaddlliinnee uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd
+ uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line.
+ RReeaaddlliinnee uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
rreeaaddlliinnee's default filename completion.
- --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd
- uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line.
- RReeaaddlliinnee uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ --EE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaadd
+ uses rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) to obtain the line.
+ RReeaaddlliinnee uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
bash's default completion, including programmable comple-
tion.
--ii _t_e_x_t
- If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, rreeaadd places
+ If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, rreeaadd places
_t_e_x_t into the editing buffer before editing begins.
--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
- rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
- ters EOF or rreeaadd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
+ rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
+ ters EOF or rreeaadd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
reads fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters before the delimiter.
--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s
- rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
it encounters EOF or rreeaadd times out. Any delimiter char-
- acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
+ acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
cause rreeaadd to return until it has read _n_c_h_a_r_s characters.
The result is not split on the characters in IIFFSS; the in-
tent is that the variable is assigned exactly the charac-
- ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr
+ ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr
option below).
--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new-
- line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
+ line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
input is coming from a terminal.
--rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
--ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
- Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if it does not
- read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
- characters) within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a
- decimal number with a fractional portion following the
- decimal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
- If rreeaadd times out, it saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _n_a_m_e, and the exit status is
- greater than 128. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns immedi-
- ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
- the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
+ Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if it does not
+ read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
+ characters) within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a
+ decimal number with a fractional portion following the
+ decimal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ If rreeaadd times out, it saves any partial input read into
+ the specified variable _n_a_m_e, and the exit status is
+ greater than 128. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
+ the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
zero otherwise.
- --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
+ --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
dard input.
- Other than the case where _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd ig-
+ Other than the case where _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, rreeaadd ig-
nores any NUL characters in the input.
- If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, rreeaadd assigns the line read, without
- the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
+ If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, rreeaadd assigns the line read, without
+ the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
RREEPPLLYY.
The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd
- times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
+ times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly vari-
- able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
+ able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
argument to --uu.
rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
- The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
+ The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
may not be changed by subsequent assignment or unset. If the --ff
- option is supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell function. The
- --aa option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the --AA op-
+ option is supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell function. The
+ --aa option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the --AA op-
tion restricts the variables to associative arrays. If both op-
- tions are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no _n_a_m_e arguments
- are supplied, or if the --pp option is supplied, print a list of
- all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
+ tions are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If no _n_a_m_e arguments
+ are supplied, or if the --pp option is supplied, print a list of
+ all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
the output to a subset of the set of readonly names. The --pp op-
tion displays output in a format that may be reused as input.
- rreeaaddoonnllyy allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
+ rreeaaddoonnllyy allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
time the readonly attribute is changed by following the variable
- name with =_v_a_l_u_e. This sets the value of the variable is to
+ name with =_v_a_l_u_e. This sets the value of the variable is to
_v_a_l_u_e while modifying the readonly attribute.
- The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is
+ The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is
supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
rreettuurrnn [_n]
- Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
+ Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
value specified by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return
- status is that of the last command executed. If rreettuurrnn is exe-
- cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
+ status is that of the last command executed. If rreettuurrnn is exe-
+ cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
status is the last command executed before the trap handler. If
rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
+ determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked.
When rreettuurrnn is used to terminate execution of a script being ex-
- ecuted by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
+ ecuted by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
significant 8 bits.
- Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before
+ Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before
execution resumes after the function or script.
- The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is supplied a non-nu-
+ The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is supplied a non-nu-
meric argument, or is used outside a function and not during ex-
ecution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee.
sseett [--aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...]
sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [----] [--] [_a_r_g ...]
sseett --oo
- sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ sseett ++oo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11,
- $$22, ..., $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $$22, ..., $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
--aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt or af-
- ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
+ ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
only when job control is enabled.
- --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
- single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
+ --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
+ single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
(see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee
- or uunnttiill reserved word, part of the test following the
- iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
- in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi-
- nal &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last
- (subject to the state of the ppiippeeffaaiill shell option), or
- if the command's return value is being inverted with !!.
- If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
- non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
- being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR,
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee
+ or uunnttiill reserved word, part of the test following the
+ iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &&&& or |||| list except the command following the fi-
+ nal &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last
+ (subject to the state of the ppiippeeffaaiill shell option), or
+ if the command's return value is being inverted with !!.
+ If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
+ non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+ ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
- context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
+ context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
--ff Disable pathname expansion.
- --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run
+ --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
--nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e
The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following:
@@ -6478,10 +6482,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Same as --aa.
bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd
Same as --BB.
- eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
+ the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee.
eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee.
eerrrrttrraaccee
@@ -6495,7 +6499,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
iiggnnoorreeeeooff
- The effect is as if the shell command
+ The effect is as if the shell command
"IGNOREEOF=10" had been executed (see SShheellll
VVaarriiaabblleess above).
kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk.
@@ -6511,184 +6515,184 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
pphhyyssiiccaall
Same as --PP.
ppiippeeffaaiill
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- ppoossiixx Enable posix mode; change the behavior of bbaasshh
- where the default operation differs from the
- POSIX standard to match the standard. See SSEEEE
- AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that
+ ppoossiixx Enable posix mode; change the behavior of bbaasshh
+ where the default operation differs from the
+ POSIX standard to match the standard. See SSEEEE
+ AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that
details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
pprriivviilleeggeedd
Same as --pp.
vveerrbboossee Same as --vv.
- vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
rreeaadd --ee.
xxttrraaccee Same as --xx.
- If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the
- current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with
- no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to
- recreate the current option settings on the standard
+ If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints the
+ current shell option settings. If ++oo is supplied with
+ no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, sseett prints a series of sseett commands to
+ recreate the current option settings on the standard
output.
- --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the shell does
- not read the $$EENNVV and $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files, shell functions
- are not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELL--
- LLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if
- they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the
- shell is started with the effective user (group) id not
- equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is
- not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective
+ --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the shell does
+ not read the $$EENNVV and $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files, shell functions
+ are not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELL--
+ LLOOPPTTSS, BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if
+ they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the
+ shell is started with the effective user (group) id not
+ equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is
+ not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective
user id is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is
supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
--rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
--tt Exit after reading and executing one command.
--uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
--vv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
+ --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis-
- play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
the standard error.
- --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
+ --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
above). This is on by default.
- --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. Using the
- redirection operator >>|| instead of >> will override this
+ --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. Using the
+ redirection operator >>|| instead of >> will override this
and force the creation of an output file.
--EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
--HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
+ --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
+ --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
---- If no arguments follow this option, unset the positional
parameters. Otherwise, set the positional parameters to
the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --.
-- Signal the end of options, and assign all remaining _a_r_gs
to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are
- turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the positional para-
+ turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the positional para-
meters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re-
- turn status is always zero unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re-
+ turn status is always zero unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
sshhiifftt [_n]
Rename positional parameters from _n+1 ... to $$11 ........ Parameters
- represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are unset. _n must
- be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. If _n is 0,
- no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to
- be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional parameters are
- not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is
+ represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are unset. _n must
+ be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. If _n is 0,
+ no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to
+ be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional parameters are
+ not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is
greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0.
sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
--oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett
builtin command.
- With no options, or with the --pp option, display a list of all
- settable options, with an indication of whether or not each is
- set; if any _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output is restricted to
+ With no options, or with the --pp option, display a list of all
+ settable options, with an indication of whether or not each is
+ set; if any _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output is restricted to
those options. The --pp option displays output in a form that may
be reused as input.
Other options have the following meanings:
--ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
--uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
- --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --qq, the return
+ ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --qq, the return
status is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero oth-
erwise.
- --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
+ --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
the --oo option to the sseett builtin.
- If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
valid shell option.
The list of sshhoopptt options is:
aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee
Deprecated; a synonym for aarrrraayy__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee.
- aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
+ aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
bbaasshh__ssoouurrccee__ffuullllppaatthh
- If set, filenames added to the BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE array vari-
- able are converted to full pathnames (see SShheellll VVaarrii--
+ If set, filenames added to the BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE array vari-
+ able are converted to full pathnames (see SShheellll VVaarrii--
aabblleess above).
ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss
- If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
- ccddssppeellll If set, the ccdd command attempts to correct minor errors
- in the spelling of a directory component. Minor errors
- include transposed characters, a missing character, and
+ ccddssppeellll If set, the ccdd command attempts to correct minor errors
+ in the spelling of a directory component. Minor errors
+ include transposed characters, a missing character, and
one extra character. If ccdd corrects the directory name,
- it prints the corrected filename, and the command pro-
+ it prints the corrected filename, and the command pro-
ceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells.
cchheecckkhhaasshh
If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, bbaasshh performs a normal path
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, bbaasshh performs a normal path
search.
cchheecckkjjoobbss
If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, bbaasshh defers the exit until a second exit is
- attempted without an intervening command (see JJOOBB CCOONN--
- TTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any
+ attempted without an intervening command (see JJOOBB CCOONN--
+ TTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any
jobs are stopped.
cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee
- If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS, using the file descriptor
- associated with the standard error if it is a terminal.
+ If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS, using the file descriptor
+ associated with the standard error if it is a terminal.
This option is enabled by default.
- ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY.
ccoommppaatt3311
ccoommppaatt3322
@@ -6697,143 +6701,143 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ccoommppaatt4422
ccoommppaatt4433
ccoommppaatt4444
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below).
ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee
- If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
ddiirreexxppaanndd
- If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee editing
- buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
+ buffer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
ddiirrssppeellll
- If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a "." in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames _. and
+ ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a "." in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames _. and
_._. must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is
set.
eexxeeccffaaiill
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- eexxeecc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ eexxeecc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
eexxeecc fails.
eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
eexxttddeebbuugg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell
+ 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell
simulates a call to rreettuurrnn.
- 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
+ 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps.
- 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
+ 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap.
- eexxttgglloobb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
+ eexxttgglloobb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn.
eexxttqquuoottee
- If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
- within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
+ within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
ffaaiillgglloobb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree
- If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above for a de-
- scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above for a de-
+ scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, pattern matching does not take the
- current locale's collating sequence into account, so bb
- will not collate between AA and BB, and upper-case and
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, pattern matching does not take the
+ current locale's collating sequence into account, so bb
+ will not collate between AA and BB, and upper-case and
lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
gglloobbsskkiippddoottss
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
- names _. and _._., even if the pattern begins with a ".".
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ names _. and _._., even if the pattern begins with a ".".
This option is enabled by default.
gglloobbssttaarr
If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
only directories and subdirectories match.
ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
hhiissttaappppeenndd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
hhiissttrreeeeddiitt
- If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the user is given
- the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
+ If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the user is given
+ the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
tion.
hhiissttvveerriiffyy
- If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
hhoossttccoommpplleettee
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
- is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
+ is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
above). This is enabled by default.
hhuuppoonneexxiitt
If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
enabled.
iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss
- In an interactive shell, a word beginning with ## causes
- that word and all remaining characters on that line to
- be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS
+ In an interactive shell, a word beginning with ## causes
+ that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+ be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS
above). This option is enabled by default.
llaassttppiippee
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
+ lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
llooccaallvvaarr__iinnhheerriitt
@@ -6842,37 +6846,37 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref at-
tribute is not inherited.
llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett
- If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
llooggiinn__sshheellll
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
changed.
mmaaiillwwaarrnn
- If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, bbaasshh
- displays the message "The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been
+ If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, bbaasshh
+ displays the message "The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been
read".
nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh does not search
- PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is at-
+ PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is at-
tempted on an empty line.
nnooccaasseegglloobb
- If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee
EExxppaannssiioonn above).
nnooccaasseemmaattcchh
- If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or
[[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
nnooeexxppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn
- If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $$""...""
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $$""...""
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
nnuullllgglloobb
If set, pathname expansion patterns which match no files
@@ -6880,73 +6884,73 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
removed, rather than expanding to themselves.
ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt
If set, bbaasshh expands occurrences of && in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn
above. This option is enabled by default.
pprrooggccoommpp
- If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
+ If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
(see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn above). This option is en-
abled by default.
pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us-
+ has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
pprroommppttvvaarrss
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
above. This option is enabled by default.
rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee
- If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
ssoouurrcceeppaatthh
If set, the .. (ssoouurrccee) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
- argument when the --pp option is not supplied. This op-
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ argument when the --pp option is not supplied. This op-
tion is enabled by default.
vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
- assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see
RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
xxppgg__eecchhoo
- If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
- quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also
+ If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ quences by default. If the ppoossiixx shell option is also
enabled, eecchhoo does not interpret any options.
ssuussppeenndd [--ff]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the --ff option will override this and force
- the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
- login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is not sup-
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the --ff option will override this and force
+ the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
+ login shell or job control is not enabled and --ff is not sup-
plied.
tteesstt _e_x_p_r
[[ _e_x_p_r ]]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and
- operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
- of the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
- tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and
+ operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
+ of the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
+ tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
pends on the number of arguments; see below. tteesstt uses operator
precedence when there are five or more arguments.
!! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false.
(( _e_x_p_r ))
- Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
normal operator precedence.
_e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2
True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true.
@@ -6963,111 +6967,111 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
- and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
+ and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the
fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two-argu-
- ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
- the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
+ the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part of
the [[[[ command, the << and >> operators sort using the current lo-
- cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the tteesstt and [[ com-
+ cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the tteesstt and [[ com-
mands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
- The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
- ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
- look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the --aa
- and --oo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
- Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
- restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
+ The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
+ ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
+ look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the --aa
+ and --oo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
+ Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
+ restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
uses of --aa and --oo with the shell's &&&& and |||| list operators.
- ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
ttrraapp [--llppPP] [[_a_c_t_i_o_n] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...]
The _a_c_t_i_o_n is a command that is read and executed when the shell
- receives any of the signals _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is absent (and
+ receives any of the signals _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is absent (and
there is a single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is reset
- to the value it had when the shell was started. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is
- the null string the signal specified by each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored
+ to the value it had when the shell was started. If _a_c_t_i_o_n is
+ the null string the signal specified by each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored
by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, ttrraapp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of ttrraapp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp
- displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If --pp is given, and _a_c_t_i_o_n is not present, then ttrraapp
+ displays the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of ttrraapp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re-
- quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options may
- be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
- and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to change a
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The --PP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. --PP re-
+ quires at least one _s_i_g_s_p_e_c argument. The --PP or --pp options may
+ be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
+ and, as long as they are used before ttrraapp is used to change a
signal's handling, will display the state of its parent's traps.
- The --ll option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
- sponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined
+ The --ll option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
+ sponding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined
in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insen-
- sitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. If --ll is supplied with
+ sitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. If --ll is supplied with
no _s_i_g_s_p_e_c arguments, it prints a list of valid signal names.
- If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0), _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit from the
- shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed before every
- _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, ((
- arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _f_o_r com-
- mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
- (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the description of the
- eexxttddeebbuugg shell option (see sshhoopptt above) for details of its ef-
- fect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, _a_c_t_i_o_n is exe-
+ If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0), _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed on exit from the
+ shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed before every
+ _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, ((
+ arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _f_o_r com-
+ mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
+ (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the description of the
+ eexxttddeebbuugg shell option (see sshhoopptt above) for details of its ef-
+ fect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, _a_c_t_i_o_n is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the ..
or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes executing.
- If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a pipeline
- (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
- compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
- following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the
+ If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, _a_c_t_i_o_n is executed whenever a pipeline
+ (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
+ compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
+ following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill reserved word, part of the test in an _i_f state-
- ment, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the
- command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline
- but the last (subject to the state of the ppiippeeffaaiill shell op-
- tion), or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ ment, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the
+ command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last (subject to the state of the ppiippeeffaaiill shell op-
+ tion), or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
ttrruuee Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
@@ -7076,61 +7080,61 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command
name.
- If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a string which is one of
- _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias,
- shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
- spectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, ttyyppee prints nothing and
+ If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a string which is one of
+ _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias,
+ shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
+ spectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, ttyyppee prints nothing and
returns a non-zero exit status.
- If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the pathname of
- the executable file that would be found by searching $$PPAATTHH for
+ If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the pathname of
+ the executable file that would be found by searching $$PPAATTHH for
_n_a_m_e or nothing if "type -t name" would not return _f_i_l_e. The --PP
- option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if "type -t
+ option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if "type -t
name" would not return _f_i_l_e. If _n_a_m_e is present in the table of
- hashed commands, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not
+ hashed commands, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not
necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH.
- If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that
- contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, reserved
- words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (--pp
- and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
- files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed commands when
+ If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that
+ contain a command named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases, reserved
+ words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (--pp
+ and --PP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
+ files. ttyyppee does not consult the table of hashed commands when
using --aa with --pp, and only performs a PPAATTHH search for _n_a_m_e.
The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoomm--
- mmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are
+ mmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are
found, false if any are not found.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa
uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes it starts, on systems that allow such control.
- The --HH and --SS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
+ The --HH and --SS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by
a non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
fied, uulliimmiitt sets both the soft and hard limits.
The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the
- resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd,
- which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
- and no limit, respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, uulliimmiitt prints
- the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
- --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
- the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
+ resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd,
+ which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+ and no limit, respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, uulliimmiitt prints
+ the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
+ --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
+ the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
value. Other options are interpreted as follows:
--aa Report all current limits; no limits are set.
--bb The maximum socket buffer size.
--cc The maximum size of core files created.
--dd The maximum size of a process's data segment.
--ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice").
- --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children.
--ii The maximum number of pending signals.
--kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated.
--ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
- --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit).
--nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set).
@@ -7139,146 +7143,148 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
--ss The maximum stack size.
--tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
- --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user.
- --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children.
--xx The maximum number of file locks.
--PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals.
- --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds.
--TT The maximum number of threads.
- If _l_i_m_i_t is supplied, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is
- the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
+ If _l_i_m_i_t is supplied, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is
+ the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
plied, then --ff is assumed.
- Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, which is in
- seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, which is in units of
- 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled
- values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in
- 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
+ Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, which is in
+ seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, which is in units of
+ 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled
+ values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in
+ 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting
a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
- Set the user file-creation mask to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with a
+ Set the user file-creation mask to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with a
digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is in-
- terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, uummaasskk prints the current value of
the mask. The --SS option without a _m_o_d_e argument prints the mask
in a symbolic format; the default output is an octal number. If
the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in
- a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
- if the mode was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was
+ a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
+ if the mode was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was
supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
- supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
+ Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
+ supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e
- refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
- moved. If the --nn option is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable
- with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the
- variable it references. --nn has no effect if the --ff option is
- supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
- When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
- from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
- tions are supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is
- no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
- unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
+ and that variable is removed. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e
+ refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
+ moved. If the --nn option is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable
+ with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the
+ variable it references. --nn has no effect if the --ff option is
+ supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
+ When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
+ from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
+ tions are supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is
+ no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
+ unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBB--
- SSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE,
- EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECC--
- OONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties,
- even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
+ SSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE,
+ EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECC--
+ OONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties,
+ even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly or may not be unset.
wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d ...]
Wait for each specified child process _i_d and return the termina-
- tion status of the last _i_d. Each _i_d may be a process ID _p_i_d or
- a job specification _j_o_b_s_p_e_c; if a jobspec is supplied, wwaaiitt
+ tion status of the last _i_d. Each _i_d may be a process ID _p_i_d or
+ a job specification _j_o_b_s_p_e_c; if a jobspec is supplied, wwaaiitt
waits for all processes in the job.
- If no options or _i_ds are supplied, wwaaiitt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ If no options or _i_ds are supplied, wwaaiitt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero.
- If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any one of the
+ If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any one of the
given _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job or process substi-
tution, to complete and returns its exit status. If none of the
- supplied _i_ds is a child of the shell, or if no _i_ds are supplied
- and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
+ supplied _i_ds is a child of the shell, or if no _i_ds are supplied
+ and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
127.
- If the --pp option is supplied, wwaaiitt assigns the process or job
- identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
- the variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The vari-
- able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
- any assignment. This is useful only when used with the --nn op-
+ If the --pp option is supplied, wwaaiitt assigns the process or job
+ identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
+ the variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The vari-
+ able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
+ any assignment. This is useful only when used with the --nn op-
tion.
- Supplying the --ff option, when job control is enabled, forces
- wwaaiitt to wait for each _i_d to terminate before returning its sta-
- tus, instead of returning when it changes status.
+ Supplying the --ff option, when job control is enabled, forces
+ wwaaiitt to wait for each _i_d to terminate before returning its sta-
+ tus, instead of returning when it changes status. If there are
+ no _i_d arguments, wwaaiitt waits until all background processes have
+ terminated.
- If none of the _i_ds specify one of the shell's active child
- processes, the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by
- a signal, any _v_a_r_n_a_m_e will remain unset, and the return status
- will be greater than 128, as described under SSIIGGNNAALLSS above.
+ If none of the _i_ds specify one of the shell's active child
+ processes, the return status is 127. If wwaaiitt is interrupted by
+ a signal, any _v_a_r_n_a_m_e will remain unset, and the return status
+ will be greater than 128, as described under SSIIGGNNAALLSS above.
Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last _i_d.
SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci-
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci-
fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin (ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, ccoomm--
- ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
+ ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is
- intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
- is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
- current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
+ intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
+ is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
+ current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
tion.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the right hand
- side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
- in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the right hand
+ side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
+ in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
sions).
- If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
Starting with bash-4.4, bbaasshh began deprecating older compatibility lev-
els. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT.
- Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
- option for the previous version. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is the only mechanism to
+ Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
+ option for the previous version. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is the only mechanism to
control the compatibility level in versions newer than bash-5.0.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
ccoommppaatt3311
@@ -7286,173 +7292,173 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE
ator (=~) has no special effect.
ccoommppaatt3322
- +o The << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
+ +o The << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering.
ccoommppaatt4400
- +o The << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
+ +o The << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. BBaasshh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3).
ccoommppaatt4411
- +o In posix mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still
+ +o In posix mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267).
+o In _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221).
ccoommppaatt4422
+o The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2.
- +o In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +o In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions.
ccoommppaatt4433
- +o Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +o Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit).
- +o When executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +o When executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this.
ccoommppaatt4444
- +o The shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and
- BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional
- parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
+ +o The shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and
+ BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
abled.
- +o A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +o A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +o Variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and
+ +o Variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and
rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode.
ccoommppaatt5500
- +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro-
- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
+ +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro-
+ duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
ity level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0.
- +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op-
+ +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op-
tion is supplied.
ccoommppaatt5511
- +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
+o Arithmetic commands ( ((((...)))) ) and the expressions in an
arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once.
- +o Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
- the [[[[ conditional command can be expanded more than
+ +o Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
+ the [[[[ conditional command can be expanded more than
once.
- +o The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
+ +o The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
can be expanded more than once.
+o The expressions in the $$((((...)))) word expansion can be ex-
panded more than once.
- +o Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
+ +o Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
can be expanded more than once.
- +o tteesstt --vv, when given an argument of AA[[@@]], where AA is an
+ +o tteesstt --vv, when given an argument of AA[[@@]], where AA is an
existing associative array, will return true if the array
- has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
+ has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
on a key named @@.
+o The ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[[::]]==_v_a_l_u_e} word expansion will return
- _v_a_l_u_e, before any variable-specific transformations have
+ _v_a_l_u_e, before any variable-specific transformations have
been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2
will return the final value assigned to the variable.
- +o Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
+ +o Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
globbing (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin above)
- is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
+ is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
taining an extglob pattern (say, as part of a shell func-
- tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
- able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
- pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
- time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
+ tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
+ able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
+ pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
+ time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
mand is executed.
ccoommppaatt5522
- +o The tteesstt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
- parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
+ +o The tteesstt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
+ parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
guments.
- +o If the --pp or --PP option is supplied to the bbiinndd builtin,
+ +o If the --pp or --PP option is supplied to the bbiinndd builtin,
bbiinndd treats any arguments remaining after option process-
- ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
- quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
+ ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
+ quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
arguments as key sequences to bind.
RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes _r_e_s_t_r_i_c_t_e_d. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+o Changing directories with ccdd.
- +o Setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV,
+ +o Setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, EENNVV,
or BBAASSHH__EENNVV.
+o Specifying command names containing //.
- +o Specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the ..
+ +o Specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the ..
builtin command.
- +o Using the --pp option to the .. builtin command to specify a
+ +o Using the --pp option to the .. builtin command to specify a
search path.
- +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
hhiissttoorryy builtin command.
- +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
--pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command.
- +o Importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +o Importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup.
- +o Parsing the values of BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS and SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell en-
+ +o Parsing the values of BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS and SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell en-
vironment at startup.
- +o Redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
+ +o Redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
tion operators.
+o Using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command.
- +o Adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options
+ +o Adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options
to the eennaabbllee builtin command.
- +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins.
+o Specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command.
- +o Turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree--
+ +o Turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree--
ssttrriicctteedd__sshheellll.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM--
- MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
@@ -7477,10 +7483,10 @@ FFIILLEESS
_~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y
- The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c
Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file
@@ -7494,15 +7500,15 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS
BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS
If you find a bug in bbaasshh, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from
_f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/ and _h_t_t_p_:_/_/_g_i_t_._s_a_v_a_n_-
_n_a_h_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_c_g_i_t_/_b_a_s_h_._g_i_t_/_s_n_a_p_s_h_o_t_/_b_a_s_h_-_m_a_s_t_e_r_._t_a_r_._g_z.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
to mail that as well! You may send suggestions and "philosophical" bug
- reports to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or post them to the Usenet newsgroup
+ reports to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or post them to the Usenet newsgroup
ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg.
ALL bug reports should include:
@@ -7513,7 +7519,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS
A description of the bug behavior
A short script or "recipe" which exercises the bug
- _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
@@ -7529,14 +7535,14 @@ BBUUGGSS
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
- Compound commands and command lists of the form "a ; b ; c" are not
- handled gracefully when combined with process suspension. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the list or breaks out of any existing loops. It suffices to enclose
- the command in parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be
- stopped as a unit, or to start the command in the background and imme-
+ Compound commands and command lists of the form "a ; b ; c" are not
+ handled gracefully when combined with process suspension. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the list or breaks out of any existing loops. It suffices to enclose
+ the command in parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be
+ stopped as a unit, or to start the command in the background and imme-
diately bring it into the foreground.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.3 2025 September 6 _B_A_S_H(1)
+GNU Bash 5.3 2025 September 19 _B_A_S_H(1)
diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1
index 8724835d4..a00d41876 100644
--- a/doc/bash.1
+++ b/doc/bash.1
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat Sep 6 15:27:27 EDT 2025
+.\" Last Change: Fri Sep 19 12:19:06 EDT 2025
.\"
.\" For bash_builtins, strip all but "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" section
.\" For rbash, strip all but "RESTRICTED SHELL" section
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
.ds zY \" empty
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2025 September 6" "GNU Bash 5.3"
+.TH BASH 1 "2025 September 19" "GNU Bash 5.3"
.\"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds ' \(aq
@@ -9016,6 +9016,12 @@ Other builtins that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting
options interpret arguments beginning with \fB\-\fP as invalid options and
require \fB\-\-\fP to prevent this interpretation.
.PP
+All builtins except
+\fB:\fP, \fBtrue\fP, \fBfalse\fP, \fBecho\fP, and \fBtest\fP/\fB[\fP
+accept \fB--help\fP as a special option.
+If \fB--help\fP is supplied, these builtins output
+a help message and exit with a status of 0.
+.PP
.PD 0
.TP
\fB:\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html
index bcb594c84..c84c38513 100644
--- a/doc/bash.html
+++ b/doc/bash.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-
+
@@ -10521,7 +10521,13 @@ arguments beginning with − without requiring
but are not specified as accepting options interpret
arguments beginning with − as invalid options
and require −− to prevent this
-interpretation.
+interpretation.
+
+All builtins
+except :, true, false, echo, and
+test/[ accept --help as a special
+option. If --help is supplied, these builtins output
+a help message and exit with a status of 0.
: [arguments]
No effect; the command does
@@ -15552,7 +15558,8 @@ useful only when used with the −n option.
−f option, when job control is enabled, forces
wait to wait for each id to terminate before
returning its status, instead of returning when it changes
-status.
+status. If there are no id arguments, wait
+waits until all background processes have terminated.
If none of the
ids specify one of the shell’s active child
diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info
index 2ac5f2d2e..e95a302b1 100644
--- a/doc/bash.info
+++ b/doc/bash.info
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.2 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 September 2025).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 19 September 2025).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 September 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 19 September 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 6 September 2025). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 19 September 2025). The Bash home page is
.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 6 September 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 19 September 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -3452,6 +3452,10 @@ that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting options
interpret arguments beginning with ‘-’ as invalid options and require
‘--’ to prevent this interpretation.
+ All builtins except ‘:’, ‘true’, ‘false’, ‘echo’, and ‘test’/‘[’
+accept ‘--help’ as a special option. If ‘--help’ is supplied, these
+builtins output a help message and exit with a status of 0.
+
File: bash.info, Node: Bourne Shell Builtins, Next: Bash Builtins, Up: Shell Builtin Commands
@@ -8435,7 +8439,9 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Pre
Supplying the ‘-f’ option, when job control is enabled, forces
‘wait’ to wait for each ID to terminate before returning its
- status, instead of returning when it changes status.
+ status, instead of returning when it changes status. If there are
+ no ID arguments, ‘wait’ waits until all background processes have
+ terminated.
If none of the IDs specify one of the shell's an active child
processes, the return status is 127. If ‘wait’ is interrupted by a
@@ -12902,7 +12908,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 120)
+ (line 122)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 284)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 337)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -12953,7 +12959,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 678)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 139)
+ (line 141)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 340)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -13651,138 +13657,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index
Tag Table:
-Node: Top901
-Node: Introduction2842
-Node: What is Bash?3055
-Node: What is a shell?4188
-Node: Definitions6798
-Node: Basic Shell Features10125
-Node: Shell Syntax11349
-Node: Shell Operation12376
-Node: Quoting13667
-Node: Escape Character15005
-Node: Single Quotes15540
-Node: Double Quotes15889
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting17234
-Node: Locale Translation18628
-Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts20031
-Node: Comments24229
-Node: Shell Commands24996
-Node: Reserved Words25935
-Node: Simple Commands27078
-Node: Pipelines27740
-Node: Lists30996
-Node: Compound Commands32916
-Node: Looping Constructs33925
-Node: Conditional Constructs36474
-Node: Command Grouping51611
-Node: Coprocesses53103
-Node: GNU Parallel55789
-Node: Shell Functions56707
-Node: Shell Parameters65155
-Node: Positional Parameters70056
-Node: Special Parameters71146
-Node: Shell Expansions74607
-Node: Brace Expansion76796
-Node: Tilde Expansion80132
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion83087
-Node: Command Substitution103730
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion107259
-Node: Process Substitution108435
-Node: Word Splitting109543
-Node: Filename Expansion111987
-Node: Pattern Matching115211
-Node: Quote Removal120934
-Node: Redirections121238
-Node: Executing Commands131494
-Node: Simple Command Expansion132161
-Node: Command Search and Execution134269
-Node: Command Execution Environment136713
-Node: Environment140161
-Node: Exit Status142064
-Node: Signals144123
-Node: Shell Scripts149053
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands152351
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins154462
-Node: Bash Builtins181181
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior218105
-Node: The Set Builtin218447
-Node: The Shopt Builtin230441
-Node: Special Builtins247494
-Node: Shell Variables248483
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables248917
-Node: Bash Variables251425
-Node: Bash Features290550
-Node: Invoking Bash291564
-Node: Bash Startup Files298148
-Node: Interactive Shells303390
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?303798
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?304460
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior305284
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions309045
-Node: Shell Arithmetic314462
-Node: Aliases317789
-Node: Arrays320923
-Node: The Directory Stack328511
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins329308
-Node: Controlling the Prompt333753
-Node: The Restricted Shell336638
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode339520
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode358467
-Node: Job Control367474
-Node: Job Control Basics367931
-Node: Job Control Builtins374299
-Node: Job Control Variables380981
-Node: Command Line Editing382212
-Node: Introduction and Notation383915
-Node: Readline Interaction386267
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials387455
-Node: Readline Movement Commands389263
-Node: Readline Killing Commands390259
-Node: Readline Arguments392282
-Node: Searching393372
-Node: Readline Init File395615
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax396918
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs423869
-Node: Sample Init File428254
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands431374
-Node: Commands For Moving432912
-Node: Commands For History435376
-Node: Commands For Text440767
-Node: Commands For Killing444892
-Node: Numeric Arguments447680
-Node: Commands For Completion448832
-Node: Keyboard Macros454528
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands455229
-Node: Readline vi Mode461796
-Node: Programmable Completion462773
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins472509
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example484246
-Node: Using History Interactively489591
-Node: Bash History Facilities490272
-Node: Bash History Builtins494007
-Node: History Interaction500478
-Node: Event Designators505428
-Node: Word Designators507006
-Node: Modifiers509398
-Node: Installing Bash511335
-Node: Basic Installation512451
-Node: Compilers and Options516327
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures517077
-Node: Installation Names518830
-Node: Specifying the System Type521064
-Node: Sharing Defaults521810
-Node: Operation Controls522524
-Node: Optional Features523543
-Node: Reporting Bugs536266
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell537623
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License559050
-Node: Indexes584227
-Node: Builtin Index584678
-Node: Reserved Word Index591776
-Node: Variable Index594221
-Node: Function Index611634
-Node: Concept Index625629
+Node: Top903
+Node: Introduction2846
+Node: What is Bash?3059
+Node: What is a shell?4192
+Node: Definitions6802
+Node: Basic Shell Features10129
+Node: Shell Syntax11353
+Node: Shell Operation12380
+Node: Quoting13671
+Node: Escape Character15009
+Node: Single Quotes15544
+Node: Double Quotes15893
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting17238
+Node: Locale Translation18632
+Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts20035
+Node: Comments24233
+Node: Shell Commands25000
+Node: Reserved Words25939
+Node: Simple Commands27082
+Node: Pipelines27744
+Node: Lists31000
+Node: Compound Commands32920
+Node: Looping Constructs33929
+Node: Conditional Constructs36478
+Node: Command Grouping51615
+Node: Coprocesses53107
+Node: GNU Parallel55793
+Node: Shell Functions56711
+Node: Shell Parameters65159
+Node: Positional Parameters70060
+Node: Special Parameters71150
+Node: Shell Expansions74611
+Node: Brace Expansion76800
+Node: Tilde Expansion80136
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion83091
+Node: Command Substitution103734
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion107263
+Node: Process Substitution108439
+Node: Word Splitting109547
+Node: Filename Expansion111991
+Node: Pattern Matching115215
+Node: Quote Removal120938
+Node: Redirections121242
+Node: Executing Commands131498
+Node: Simple Command Expansion132165
+Node: Command Search and Execution134273
+Node: Command Execution Environment136717
+Node: Environment140165
+Node: Exit Status142068
+Node: Signals144127
+Node: Shell Scripts149057
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands152355
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins154696
+Node: Bash Builtins181415
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior218339
+Node: The Set Builtin218681
+Node: The Shopt Builtin230675
+Node: Special Builtins247728
+Node: Shell Variables248717
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables249151
+Node: Bash Variables251659
+Node: Bash Features290784
+Node: Invoking Bash291798
+Node: Bash Startup Files298382
+Node: Interactive Shells303624
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?304032
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?304694
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior305518
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions309279
+Node: Shell Arithmetic314696
+Node: Aliases318023
+Node: Arrays321157
+Node: The Directory Stack328745
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins329542
+Node: Controlling the Prompt333987
+Node: The Restricted Shell336872
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode339754
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode358701
+Node: Job Control367708
+Node: Job Control Basics368165
+Node: Job Control Builtins374533
+Node: Job Control Variables381321
+Node: Command Line Editing382552
+Node: Introduction and Notation384255
+Node: Readline Interaction386607
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials387795
+Node: Readline Movement Commands389603
+Node: Readline Killing Commands390599
+Node: Readline Arguments392622
+Node: Searching393712
+Node: Readline Init File395955
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax397258
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs424209
+Node: Sample Init File428594
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands431714
+Node: Commands For Moving433252
+Node: Commands For History435716
+Node: Commands For Text441107
+Node: Commands For Killing445232
+Node: Numeric Arguments448020
+Node: Commands For Completion449172
+Node: Keyboard Macros454868
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands455569
+Node: Readline vi Mode462136
+Node: Programmable Completion463113
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins472849
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example484586
+Node: Using History Interactively489931
+Node: Bash History Facilities490612
+Node: Bash History Builtins494347
+Node: History Interaction500818
+Node: Event Designators505768
+Node: Word Designators507346
+Node: Modifiers509738
+Node: Installing Bash511675
+Node: Basic Installation512791
+Node: Compilers and Options516667
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures517417
+Node: Installation Names519170
+Node: Specifying the System Type521404
+Node: Sharing Defaults522150
+Node: Operation Controls522864
+Node: Optional Features523883
+Node: Reporting Bugs536606
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell537963
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License559390
+Node: Indexes584567
+Node: Builtin Index585018
+Node: Reserved Word Index592116
+Node: Variable Index594561
+Node: Function Index611974
+Node: Concept Index625969
End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf
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