Check that generated changelog entry doesn't break docs build

Check that generated changelog entry doesn't break docs build

Since changelog entries are now generated from MR title&description,
they aren't sanity checked during a regular docs build. If these contain
special sequences that will be interpreted by sphinx, it might result in
breakage that would have to be amended manually.

Add a CI check to test a doc build with changelog after the MR is merged
to ensure that the docs can be built when generating changelog from
pristine git contents.

(cherry picked from commit bf69e8f149d539e4a5d21638c77c1b9a2d29347d)