fs/select: reject negative timeval components in kern_select()

fs/select: reject negative timeval components in kern_select()

kern_select() normalises the user-supplied struct __kernel_old_timeval
with

	tv.tv_sec + (tv.tv_usec / USEC_PER_SEC)
	(tv.tv_usec % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC

before calling poll_select_set_timeout() -> timespec64_valid().  Both
operands of the seconds sum are unbounded user-controlled signed long.
A crafted pair where tv_usec is a negative multiple of USEC_PER_SEC
drives the sum across the wrap boundary - e.g.

	{ .tv_sec = LONG_MIN, .tv_usec = -1000000 }

yields sec = LONG_MAX, nsec = 0, which passes timespec64_valid() and
then flows through timespec64_add_safe(), which saturates the absolute
deadline to TIME64_MAX (clamped further to KTIME_MAX downstream).
select(2) therefore blocks effectively forever instead of returning
-EINVAL as POSIX requires for a negative timeout.

Only the legacy __NR_select syscall takes this path.  pselect6, ppoll,
poll and epoll_pwait2 all hand the user's two fields directly to
poll_select_set_timeout(), which validates *before* doing any
arithmetic:

	/* fs/select.c:271 -- the validator */
	int poll_select_set_timeout(struct timespec64 *to, time64_t sec, long nsec)
	{
		struct timespec64 ts = {.tv_sec = sec, .tv_nsec = nsec};
		if (!timespec64_valid(&ts))
			return -EINVAL;
		...
	}

	/* include/linux/time64.h:97 -- timespec64_valid */
	if (ts->tv_sec < 0)                              return false;
	if ((unsigned long)ts->tv_nsec >= NSEC_PER_SEC)  return false;

	/* fs/select.c:744  do_pselect() (pselect6, pselect6_time32) */
	if (get_timespec64(&ts, tsp)) return -EFAULT;
	if (poll_select_set_timeout(to, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec)) return -EINVAL;

	/* fs/select.c:1097 ppoll */
	if (get_timespec64(&ts, tsp)) return -EFAULT;
	if (poll_select_set_timeout(to, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec)) return -EINVAL;

	/* fs/select.c:1065 poll -- timeout_msecs is int; >= 0 gates the math */
	if (timeout_msecs >= 0)
		poll_select_set_timeout(to, timeout_msecs / MSEC_PER_SEC,
		                        NSEC_PER_MSEC * (timeout_msecs % MSEC_PER_SEC));

	/* fs/eventpoll.c:2512 epoll_pwait2 */
	if (get_timespec64(&ts, timeout)) return -EFAULT;
	if (poll_select_set_timeout(to, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec)) return -EINVAL;

In every one of these the wrap-prone arithmetic from kern_select()
simply does not exist; the user fields reach timespec64_valid()
unmodified.  glibc routes the C-library select() through pselect6,
so the bug is reachable only via a direct syscall(__NR_select, ...).

The pre-validation negative check that used to live here was lost
when the syscall was switched to the poll_select_set_timeout() helper.
Restore it: reject tv_sec < 0 || tv_usec < 0 up front, mirroring what
glibc does in userspace.  do_compat_select() has the same arithmetic
pattern but is only reachable on 32-bit compat and from a different
syscall entry; left for a follow-up so this change stays minimal.

Reproducer (returns -1/EINVAL on a fixed kernel; blocks indefinitely
on an unfixed one):

	struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = LONG_MIN, .tv_usec = -1000000 };
	fd_set r;
	int pfd[2];
	pipe(pfd);
	FD_ZERO(&r);
	FD_SET(pfd[0], &r);
	syscall(__NR_select, pfd[0] + 1, &r, NULL, NULL, &tv);

Fixes: 4d36a9e65d49 ("select: deal with math overflow from borderline valid userland data")
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260429-timeval-v1-1-4448e2588bbf@debian.org
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>