lib/glob/{glob,gmisc}.c
- PATSCAN: change all callers to add extra flags arg of 0
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - trap description: replace ARG with ACTION
+ - clarify the language describing what trap without arguments and
+ trap -p without arguments display
+ - clarify that trap in non-interactive shells does not allow signals
+ that were ignored at shell start to be trapped; interactive shells
+ allow this
+ - trap: add missing command types to the description of when the
+ DEBUG trap is executed
+
+builtins/trap.def
+ - LONG_DOC: replace ARG with ACTION
+ - make it clear that trap and trap -p without arguments display a
+ information about specified signals, but in a form that may be
+ reused as shell input
+
+ 12/5
+ ----
+pcomplete.c
+ - compgen_compspec: new flag saying whether or not we're running via
+ the compgen builtin or via programmable completion: set to 0
+ every time gen_progcomp_completions runs, set to 1 in
+ gen_compspec_completions if this_shell_builtin == compgen_builtin
+ - gen_shell_function_completions: call rl_clear_signals and
+ rl_set_signals so the shell's signal handlers are active when
+ running shell functions to generate completions. We try to do it
+ only when programmable completion, not the compgen builtin, is active.
+ Idea from Koichi Murase <myoga.murase@gmail.com>, fixes bug
+ reported in 9/22
+
+sig.c
+ - sigint_sighandler, termsig_sighandler: since these can now be called
+ during programmable completion, we need to set the readline signal
+ event hook if the readline state includes RL_STATE_DISPATCHING or
+ RL_STATE_COMPLETING, since we can't rely on RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER
+ being set and we want to call throw_to_top_level here
+ - throw_to_top_level: if the shell is interactive, before calling
+ bashline_reset (which zeroes rl_signal_event_hook), call
+ rl_cleanup_after_signal if we think readline hasn't called it
+ already
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use '-' as the first argument.
- 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL
- and those that were ignored when the shell started.
+ 42. 'trap -p' without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
+ started, not just trapped signals.
43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'.
$BUILTIN trap
$FUNCTION trap_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
+$SHORT_DOC trap [-lp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
Trap signals and other events.
Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals
or other conditions.
-ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the
-signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC
+ACTION is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the
+signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ACTION is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC
is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original
-value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the
+value. If ACTION is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the
shell and by the commands it invokes.
-If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If
-a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If
-a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a
-script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC
-of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the
-shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.
+If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ACTION is executed on exit from the shell.
+If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ACTION is executed before every simple command
+and selected other commands. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ACTION is
+executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source
+builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ACTION
+each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e
+option is enabled.
If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated
-with each signal.
+with each trapped signal in a form that may be reused as shell input to
+restore the same signal dispositions.
Options:
-l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers
- -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC
+ -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC in a
+ form that may be reused as shell input; or for all trapped
+ signals if no arguments are supplied
Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A
fault, whether or not it is translated and replaced. If the n\bno\boe\bex\bx-\b-
p\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, translated
strings are single-quoted instead of double-quoted. See the descrip-
- tion of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLBUILTINC\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS.
+ tion of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS.
P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
!\b!(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
Matches anything except one of the given patterns
- Thee\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren-
+ The e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren-
theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To
ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure
that e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat-
t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
- ceives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a sin-
- gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
- nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
- is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
- associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no arguments are
- supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
- mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
- shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
- numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
- and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
-
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
- function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
- ishes executing.
-
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ vokes.
+
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions.
+
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
+
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
+ scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ ing.
+
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re-
- set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
- their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
- invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
+ When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
+ the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
+ trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
+ turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
+ of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
+ as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
+ turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
- +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
+ +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
or B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
- The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/ and _\bh_\bt_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b._\bs_\ba_\bv_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bn_\ba_\bh_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bc_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b._\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bs_\bn_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b-_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br_\b._\bt_\ba_\br_\b._\bg_\bz.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.2 2022 September 19 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.2 2022 December 2 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Mon Sep 19 11:13:21 EDT 2022
+.\" Last Change: Fri Dec 2 15:53:52 EST 2022
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2022 September 19" "GNU Bash 5.2"
+.TH BASH 1 "2022 December 2" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
.TP
-\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [[\fIarg\fP] \fIsigspec\fP ...]
-The command
-.I arg
-is to be read and executed when the shell receives
+\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [[\fIaction\fP] \fIsigspec\fP ...]
+The
+.I action
+is a command that is read and executed when the shell receives
signal(s)
.IR sigspec .
If
-.I arg
+.I action
is absent (and there is a single \fIsigspec\fP) or
.BR \- ,
each specified signal is
reset to its original disposition (the value it had
upon entrance to the shell).
If
-.I arg
+.I action
is the null string the signal specified by each
.I sigspec
is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+If no arguments are supplied,
+.B trap
+displays the actions associated with each trapped signal
+as a set of \fBtrap\fP commands
+that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
If
-.I arg
-is not present and
-.B \-p
-has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each
-.I sigspec
-are displayed.
-If no arguments are supplied or if only
.B \-p
is given,
-.B trap
-prints the list of commands associated with each signal.
+and
+.I action
+is not present,
+then \fBtrap\fP displays the actions associated with each
+.I sigspec
+or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals,
+as a set of \fBtrap\fP commands
+that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
The
.B \-l
-option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and
+option causes \fBtrap\fP to print a list of signal names and
their corresponding numbers.
Each
.I sigspec
.SM
.B EXIT
(0) the command
-.I arg
+.I action
is executed on exit from the shell.
If a
.I sigspec
.SM
.BR DEBUG ,
the command
-.I arg
+.I action
is executed before every \fIsimple command\fP, \fIfor\fP command,
-\fIcase\fP command, \fIselect\fP command, every arithmetic \fIfor\fP
-command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see
+\fIcase\fP command, \fIselect\fP command, (( arithmetic command,
+[[ conditional command,
+arithmetic \fIfor\fP command, and before the first command executes
+in a shell function (see
.SM
.B SHELL GRAMMAR
.ie \n(zZ=1 in \fIbash(1)\fP).
.SM
.BR RETURN ,
the command
-.I arg
+.I action
is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with
the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing.
.if t .sp 0.5
.SM
.BR ERR ,
the command
-.I arg
+.I action
is executed whenever
a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
command), a list, or a compound command returns a
These are the same conditions obeyed by the \fBerrexit\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
.if t .sp 0.5
.if n .sp 1
-Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+When the shell is not interactive,
+signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
The return status is false if any
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 September 19<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 December 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<B>shopt</B>
below under
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL</B>BUILTIN<B>COMMANDS</B>.
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>.
</FONT>
<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
<P>
-The<B>extglob</B> option changes the behavior of the parser, since the
+The <B>extglob</B> option changes the behavior of the parser, since the
parentheses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning.
To ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure
that <B>extglob</B> is enabled before parsing constructs containing the
<DD>
Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
-<DT><B>trap</B> [<B>-lp</B>] [[<I>arg</I>] <I>sigspec</I> ...]<DD>
-The command
-<I>arg</I>
+<DT><B>trap</B> [<B>-lp</B>] [[<I>action</I>] <I>sigspec</I> ...]<DD>
+The
+<I>action</I>
-is to be read and executed when the shell receives
+is a command that is read and executed when the shell receives
signal(s)
<I>sigspec</I>.
If
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is absent (and there is a single <I>sigspec</I>) or
<B>-</B>,
reset to its original disposition (the value it had
upon entrance to the shell).
If
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is the null string the signal specified by each
<I>sigspec</I>
is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
-If
-<I>arg</I>
+<P>
-is not present and
-<B>-p</B>
-has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each
-<I>sigspec</I>
+If no arguments are supplied,
+<B>trap</B>
-are displayed.
-If no arguments are supplied or if only
+displays the actions associated with each trapped signal
+as a set of <B>trap</B> commands
+that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+If
<B>-p</B>
is given,
-<B>trap</B>
+and
+<I>action</I>
+
+is not present,
+then <B>trap</B> displays the actions associated with each
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+or, if none are supplied, for all trapped signals,
+as a set of <B>trap</B> commands
+that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+<P>
+
-prints the list of commands associated with each signal.
The
<B>-l</B>
-option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and
+option causes <B>trap</B> to print a list of signal names and
their corresponding numbers.
Each
<I>sigspec</I>
</FONT>
(0) the command
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is executed on exit from the shell.
If a
</FONT>
the command
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is executed before every <I>simple command</I>, <I>for</I> command,
-<I>case</I> command, <I>select</I> command, every arithmetic <I>for</I>
-command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see
+<I>case</I> command, <I>select</I> command, (( arithmetic command,
+[[ conditional command,
+arithmetic <I>for</I> command, and before the first command executes
+in a shell function (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
</FONT>
</FONT>
the command
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with
the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins finishes executing.
</FONT>
the command
-<I>arg</I>
+<I>action</I>
is executed whenever
a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
<P>
-Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+When the shell is not interactive,
+signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
The return status is false if any
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 September 19<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 December 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbDI">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220907/doc/bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 19 September 2022 12:02:51 EDT
+This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20221202/doc/bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 02 December 2022 17:01:20 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms described
below (e.g., ':-'), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
Put another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
children. The return status is zero.
'trap'
- trap [-lp] [ARG] [SIGSPEC ...]
-
- The commands in ARG are to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal SIGSPEC. If ARG is absent (and there is a single
- SIGSPEC) or equal to '-', each specified signal's disposition is
- reset to the value it had when the shell was started. If ARG is
- the null string, then the signal specified by each SIGSPEC is
- ignored by the shell and commands it invokes. If ARG is not
- present and '-p' has been supplied, the shell displays the trap
- commands associated with each SIGSPEC. If no arguments are
- supplied, or only '-p' is given, 'trap' prints the list of commands
- associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
- shell input. The '-l' option causes the shell to print a list of
- signal names and their corresponding numbers. Each SIGSPEC is
- either a signal name or a signal number. Signal names are case
- insensitive and the 'SIG' prefix is optional.
-
- If a SIGSPEC is '0' or 'EXIT', ARG is executed when the shell
- exits. If a SIGSPEC is 'DEBUG', the command ARG is executed before
- every simple command, 'for' command, 'case' command, 'select'
- command, every arithmetic 'for' command, and before the first
- command executes in a shell function. Refer to the description of
- the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt
- Builtin::) for details of its effect on the 'DEBUG' trap. If a
- SIGSPEC is 'RETURN', the command ARG is executed each time a shell
- function or a script executed with the '.' or 'source' builtins
- finishes executing.
-
- If a SIGSPEC is 'ERR', the command ARG is executed whenever a
- pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or
- a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
+ trap [-lp] [ACTION] [SIGSPEC ...]
+
+ The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and there is a
+ single SIGSPEC) or equal to '-', each specified signal's
+ disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell was
+ started. If ACTION is the null string, then the signal specified
+ by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
+
+ If no arguments are supplied, 'trap' prints the actions associated
+ with each trapped signal as a set of 'trap' commands that can be
+ reused as shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.
+ If ACTION is not present and '-p' has been supplied, 'trap'
+ displays the trap commands associated with each SIGSPEC, or, if no
+ SIGSPECs are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of 'trap'
+ commands that can be reused as shell input to restore the current
+ signal dispositions.
+
+ The '-l' option causes 'trap' to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each SIGSPEC is either a signal name
+ or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the
+ 'SIG' prefix is optional.
+
+ If a SIGSPEC is '0' or 'EXIT', ACTION is executed when the shell
+ exits. If a SIGSPEC is 'DEBUG', ACTION is executed before every
+ simple command, 'for' command, 'case' command, 'select' command, ((
+ arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic 'for'
+ command, and before the first command executes in a shell function.
+ Refer to the description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt'
+ builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) for details of its effect on
+ the 'DEBUG' trap. If a SIGSPEC is 'RETURN', ACTION is executed
+ each time a shell function or a script executed with the '.' or
+ 'source' builtins finishes executing.
+
+ If a SIGSPEC is 'ERR', ACTION is executed whenever a pipeline
+ (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
+ compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
following conditions. The 'ERR' trap is not executed if the failed
command is part of the command list immediately following an
'until' or 'while' keyword, part of the test following the 'if' or
status is being inverted using '!'. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the 'errexit' ('-e') option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
- Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their
- original values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is
- created.
+ Signals ignored upon entry to a non-interactive shell cannot be
+ trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit trapping signals
+ ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are
+ reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell
+ environment when one is created.
The return status is zero unless a SIGSPEC does not specify a valid
signal.
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use '-' as the first argument.
- 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL
- and those that were ignored when the shell started.
+ 42. 'trap -p' without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
+ started, not just trapped signals.
43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'.
<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz>.
Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-'bashbug' command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are
-encouraged to mail that as well! Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug
-reports may be mailed to <bug-bash@gnu.org> or posted to the Usenet
-newsgroup 'gnu.bash.bug'.
+'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the <a
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
+Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to
+<bug-bash@gnu.org> or <help-bash@gnu.org>.
All bug reports should include:
* The version number of Bash.
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 631)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 637)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 415)
+ (line 422)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 743)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 440)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f896
-Node: Introduction\7f2815
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3028
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4139
-Node: Definitions\7f6674
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9622
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10838
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11861
-Node: Quoting\7f13151
-Node: Escape Character\7f14452
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14934
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15279
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16554
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17861
-Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts\7f19169
-Node: Comments\7f23283
-Node: Shell Commands\7f23898
-Node: Reserved Words\7f24833
-Node: Simple Commands\7f25586
-Node: Pipelines\7f26237
-Node: Lists\7f29233
-Node: Compound Commands\7f31025
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f32034
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34526
-Node: Command Grouping\7f49011
-Node: Coprocesses\7f50486
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f53146
-Node: Shell Functions\7f54060
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f61942
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f66327
-Node: Special Parameters\7f67226
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f70437
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72561
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75292
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77910
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96258
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f97610
-Node: Process Substitution\7f98575
-Node: Word Splitting\7f99692
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f101633
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f104379
-Node: Quote Removal\7f109378
-Node: Redirections\7f109670
-Node: Executing Commands\7f119327
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f119994
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122101
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124476
-Node: Environment\7f127508
-Node: Exit Status\7f129168
-Node: Signals\7f130949
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f134395
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137419
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139454
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f160917
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f191770
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f192112
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f202710
-Node: Special Builtins\7f218619
-Node: Shell Variables\7f219595
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f220029
-Node: Bash Variables\7f222130
-Node: Bash Features\7f254942
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f255952
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f261962
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f267090
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f267498
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f268144
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f268956
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f272582
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f277221
-Node: Aliases\7f280162
-Node: Arrays\7f282772
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f289160
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f289941
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f294198
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f297160
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f299767
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f311682
-Node: Job Control\7f320246
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f320703
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f325702
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f331494
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f332647
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f334315
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f335935
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f337123
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f338909
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f339866
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f341784
-Node: Searching\7f342825
-Node: Readline Init File\7f345008
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f346266
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f369849
-Node: Sample Init File\7f374042
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f377163
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f378364
-Node: Commands For History\7f380412
-Node: Commands For Text\7f385403
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f389049
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f392079
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f393215
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f397403
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f398088
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f404030
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f404934
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f412711
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f423460
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f428705
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f429386
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f432388
-Node: History Interaction\7f437409
-Node: Event Designators\7f441026
-Node: Word Designators\7f442377
-Node: Modifiers\7f444134
-Node: Installing Bash\7f445939
-Node: Basic Installation\7f447073
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f450792
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f451530
-Node: Installation Names\7f453219
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f455325
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f456039
-Node: Operation Controls\7f456709
-Node: Optional Features\7f457664
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f468880
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f470152
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f486998
-Node: Indexes\7f512172
-Node: Builtin Index\7f512623
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f519447
-Node: Variable Index\7f521892
-Node: Function Index\7f538663
-Node: Concept Index\7f552444
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+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f290253
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+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f300079
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+Node: Job Control Variables\7f331855
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f333008
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f334676
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+Node: Compilers and Options\7f451153
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f451891
+Node: Installation Names\7f453580
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+Node: Optional Features\7f458025
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f469241
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f470582
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f487428
+Node: Indexes\7f512602
+Node: Builtin Index\7f513053
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f519877
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+(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 328.8 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 280.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 340.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 292.8 R .855
+F3<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F3(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 352.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 304.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
+144 364.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
-E F
4<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 316.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
+E F
3<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G
+(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 376.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name)
2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0
-5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F4
-<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 3
28.8 Q F4<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
+5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F3
+<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 3
88.8 Q F3<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F
3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4<ad61>144
-340.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F4(type)3.323 E F0 .824
+F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F
4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F3<ad61>144
+400.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F3(type)3.323 E F0 .824
(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824
(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
-5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
-
352.8 R F4<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
+
412.8 R F3<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144
364.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
+144
424.8 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 376.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
+144 436.8 R F3(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)
5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 388.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
-(\255HS)A F0(])A F4<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255HS)A
-F0 2.5(][)C F4(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 429.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 448.8 Q F3(ulimit)108 465.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
+(\255HS)A F0(])A F3<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255HS)A
+F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 489.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 441.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F
4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.944(that allo)144 501.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F
3<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 465.6 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
4<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F
4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 525.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
3<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F
3<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-477.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+537.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 489.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 549.6 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F3
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 5
13.6 R F4<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144 5
73.6 R F3<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 525.6
+(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 585.6
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
-537.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4<ad61>144 549.6 Q F0
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180
549.6 Q F4<ad62>
-144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 561.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 573.6 Q F4<ad64>144 585.6
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 585.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 597.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
597.6 Q F4<ad66>144
-609.6 Q F0
+597.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 609.6 Q F0
+(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180
609.6 Q F3<ad62>
+144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 621.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 633.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 633.6 Q F3<ad64>144 645.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 657.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
657.6 Q F3<ad66>144
+669.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-609.6 Q F4<ad69>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-621.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 633.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 633.6 Q F4
-<ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 645.6 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 657.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 657.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 669.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 669.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 681.6 Q F4<ad70>144 693.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 693.6 Q F4
-<ad71>144 705.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 705.6 Q F4
-<ad72>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 717.6
-Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(82)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+669.6 Q F3<ad69>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+681.6 Q F3<ad6b>144 693.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 693.6 Q F3
+<ad6c>144 705.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 705.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 717.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 717.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 December 2)139.295 E(82)188.455 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 83 83
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 84 Q F1<ad74>144 96 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 96 Q F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0
-(The maximum number of processes a)180 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 120 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 132
-Q F1<ad78>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 144 Q F1
-<ad50>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 156 Q F1
-<ad52>144 168 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
-blocking, in microseconds)180 168 Q F1<ad54>144 180 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)180 180 Q(If)144 196.8 Q/F2 10
+SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \
+\(most systems do not allo)180 84 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79
+(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 108 Q F1
+<ad71>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+180 120 Q F1<ad72>144 132 Q F0
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 132 Q F1<ad73>144 144 Q
+F0(The maximum stack size)180 144 Q F1<ad74>144 156 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 156 Q F1<ad75>144 168 Q
+F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 168 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 180 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 180 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 192
+Q F1<ad78>144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 204 Q F1
+<ad50>144 216 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 216 Q F1
+<ad52>144 228 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
+blocking, in microseconds)180 228 Q F1<ad54>144 240 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 240 Q(If)144 256.8 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 2
08.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+(no option is gi)144 2
68.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-2
20.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
+2
80.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144 2
32.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
+A F1<ad6b>144 2
92.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 244.8 R .238
+(512-byte increments.)144 304.8 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F1(umask)108
273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 316.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
+F1(umask)108
333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 345.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-309.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 357.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+369.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 381.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 393.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 405.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 422.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 434.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+3.258 F(mo)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 463.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 475.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 427.2 Q F0 .465
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 487.2 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 439.2 R F1
+2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 499.2 R F1
<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
451.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
511.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 463.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+.719(rather than the v)144 523.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 475.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
+(are supplied, each)144 535.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-487.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+547.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
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%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
\entry{trap}{54}{\code {trap}}
\entry{umask}{55}{\code {umask}}
\entry{unset}{55}{\code {unset}}
-\entry{alias}{55}{\code {alias}}
+\entry{alias}{56}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{56}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{57}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{57}{\code {caller}}
\entry{printf}{62}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{63}{\code {read}}
\entry{readarray}{64}{\code {readarray}}
-\entry{source}{64}{\code {source}}
-\entry{type}{64}{\code {type}}
+\entry{source}{65}{\code {source}}
+\entry{type}{65}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{65}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{65}{\code {ulimit}}
-\entry{unalias}{66}{\code {unalias}}
+\entry{unalias}{67}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{67}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{71}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{102}{\code {dirs}}
\initial {[}
\entry{\code {[}}{52}
\initial {A}
-\entry{\code {alias}}{55}
+\entry{\code {alias}}{56}
\initial {B}
\entry{\code {bg}}{114}
\entry{\code {bind}}{56}
\entry{\code {set}}{67}
\entry{\code {shift}}{52}
\entry{\code {shopt}}{71}
-\entry{\code {source}}{64}
+\entry{\code {source}}{65}
\entry{\code {suspend}}{116}
\initial {T}
\entry{\code {test}}{52}
\entry{\code {times}}{54}
\entry{\code {trap}}{54}
-\entry{\code {type}}{64}
+\entry{\code {type}}{65}
\entry{\code {typeset}}{65}
\initial {U}
\entry{\code {ulimit}}{65}
\entry{\code {umask}}{55}
-\entry{\code {unalias}}{66}
+\entry{\code {unalias}}{67}
\entry{\code {unset}}{55}
\initial {W}
\entry{\code {wait}}{115}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022).
+the Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022).
-This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022,
+This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.2.
<span id="Bash-Features-1"></span><h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022).
+the Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022,
+<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.2.
</p>
<p>In each of the cases below, <var>word</var> is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
</p>
-<p>When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+<p>When not performing substring expansion, using the forms described
below (e.g., ‘<samp>:-</samp>’), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
Put another way, if the colon is included,
</dd>
<dt id='index-trap'><span><code>trap</code><a href='#index-trap' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><div class="example">
-<pre class="example">trap [-lp] [<var>arg</var>] [<var>sigspec</var> …]
+<pre class="example">trap [-lp] [<var>action</var>] [<var>sigspec</var> …]
</pre></div>
-<p>The commands in <var>arg</var> are to be read and executed when the
-shell receives signal <var>sigspec</var>. If <var>arg</var> is absent (and
+<p>The <var>action</var> is a command that is read and executed when the
+shell receives signal <var>sigspec</var>. If <var>action</var> is absent (and
there is a single <var>sigspec</var>) or
equal to ‘<samp>-</samp>’, each specified signal’s disposition is reset
to the value it had when the shell was started.
-If <var>arg</var> is the null string, then the signal specified by
+If <var>action</var> is the null string, then the signal specified by
each <var>sigspec</var> is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
-If <var>arg</var> is not present and <samp>-p</samp> has been supplied,
-the shell displays the trap commands associated with each <var>sigspec</var>.
-If no arguments are supplied, or
-only <samp>-p</samp> is given, <code>trap</code> prints the list of commands
-associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
-shell input.
-The <samp>-l</samp> option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
+</p>
+<p>If no arguments are supplied, <code>trap</code> prints the actions
+associated with each trapped signal
+as a set of <code>trap</code> commands that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+If <var>action</var> is not present and <samp>-p</samp> has been supplied,
+<code>trap</code> displays the trap commands associated with each <var>sigspec</var>,
+or, if no <var>sigspec</var>s are supplied, for all trapped signals,
+as a set of <code>trap</code> commands that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+</p>
+<p>The <samp>-l</samp> option causes <code>trap</code> to print a list of signal names
and their corresponding numbers.
Each <var>sigspec</var> is either a signal name or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the <code>SIG</code> prefix is optional.
</p>
<p>If a <var>sigspec</var>
-is <code>0</code> or <code>EXIT</code>, <var>arg</var> is executed when the shell exits.
-If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>DEBUG</code>, the command <var>arg</var> is executed
+is <code>0</code> or <code>EXIT</code>, <var>action</var> is executed when the shell exits.
+If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>DEBUG</code>, <var>action</var> is executed
before every simple command, <code>for</code> command, <code>case</code> command,
-<code>select</code> command, every arithmetic <code>for</code> command, and before
-the first command executes in a shell function.
+<code>select</code> command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+arithmetic <code>for</code> command,
+and before the first command executes in a shell function.
Refer to the description of the <code>extdebug</code> option to the
<code>shopt</code> builtin (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>) for details of its
effect on the <code>DEBUG</code> trap.
-If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>RETURN</code>, the command <var>arg</var> is executed
+If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>RETURN</code>, <var>action</var> is executed
each time a shell function or a script executed with the <code>.</code> or
<code>source</code> builtins finishes executing.
</p>
-<p>If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>ERR</code>, the command <var>arg</var>
+<p>If a <var>sigspec</var> is <code>ERR</code>, <var>action</var>
is executed whenever
a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
command), a list, or a compound command returns a
These are the same conditions obeyed by the <code>errexit</code> (<samp>-e</samp>)
option.
</p>
-<p>Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+<p>Signals ignored upon entry to a non-interactive shell cannot be trapped or
+reset.
+Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
</p>
signal to the original disposition, they should use ‘<samp>-</samp>’ as the
first argument.
-</li><li> <code>trap -p</code> displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and
-those that were ignored when the shell started.
+</li><li> <code>trap -p</code> without arguments displays signals whose dispositions are
+set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started, not
+just trapped signals.
</li><li> The <code>.</code> and <code>source</code> builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching <code>PATH</code>.
<a href="http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz">http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz</a>.
</p>
<p>Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-<code>bashbug</code> command to submit a bug report.
-If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+<code>bashbug</code> command to submit a bug report or use the form at the
+<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
Suggestions and ‘philosophical’ bug reports may be mailed
-to <a href="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</a> or posted to the Usenet
-newsgroup <code>gnu.bash.bug</code>.
+to <a href="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</a> or <a href="mailto:help-bash@gnu.org">help-bash@gnu.org</a>.
</p>
<p>All bug reports should include:
</p><ul>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 19 September 2022). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 2 December 2022). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 19 September 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 2 December 2022, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms described
below (e.g., ':-'), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
Put another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
children. The return status is zero.
'trap'
- trap [-lp] [ARG] [SIGSPEC ...]
-
- The commands in ARG are to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal SIGSPEC. If ARG is absent (and there is a single
- SIGSPEC) or equal to '-', each specified signal's disposition is
- reset to the value it had when the shell was started. If ARG is
- the null string, then the signal specified by each SIGSPEC is
- ignored by the shell and commands it invokes. If ARG is not
- present and '-p' has been supplied, the shell displays the trap
- commands associated with each SIGSPEC. If no arguments are
- supplied, or only '-p' is given, 'trap' prints the list of commands
- associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
- shell input. The '-l' option causes the shell to print a list of
- signal names and their corresponding numbers. Each SIGSPEC is
- either a signal name or a signal number. Signal names are case
- insensitive and the 'SIG' prefix is optional.
-
- If a SIGSPEC is '0' or 'EXIT', ARG is executed when the shell
- exits. If a SIGSPEC is 'DEBUG', the command ARG is executed before
- every simple command, 'for' command, 'case' command, 'select'
- command, every arithmetic 'for' command, and before the first
- command executes in a shell function. Refer to the description of
- the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt
- Builtin::) for details of its effect on the 'DEBUG' trap. If a
- SIGSPEC is 'RETURN', the command ARG is executed each time a shell
- function or a script executed with the '.' or 'source' builtins
- finishes executing.
-
- If a SIGSPEC is 'ERR', the command ARG is executed whenever a
- pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or
- a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
+ trap [-lp] [ACTION] [SIGSPEC ...]
+
+ The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and there is a
+ single SIGSPEC) or equal to '-', each specified signal's
+ disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell was
+ started. If ACTION is the null string, then the signal specified
+ by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
+
+ If no arguments are supplied, 'trap' prints the actions associated
+ with each trapped signal as a set of 'trap' commands that can be
+ reused as shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.
+ If ACTION is not present and '-p' has been supplied, 'trap'
+ displays the trap commands associated with each SIGSPEC, or, if no
+ SIGSPECs are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of 'trap'
+ commands that can be reused as shell input to restore the current
+ signal dispositions.
+
+ The '-l' option causes 'trap' to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each SIGSPEC is either a signal name
+ or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the
+ 'SIG' prefix is optional.
+
+ If a SIGSPEC is '0' or 'EXIT', ACTION is executed when the shell
+ exits. If a SIGSPEC is 'DEBUG', ACTION is executed before every
+ simple command, 'for' command, 'case' command, 'select' command, ((
+ arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic 'for'
+ command, and before the first command executes in a shell function.
+ Refer to the description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt'
+ builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) for details of its effect on
+ the 'DEBUG' trap. If a SIGSPEC is 'RETURN', ACTION is executed
+ each time a shell function or a script executed with the '.' or
+ 'source' builtins finishes executing.
+
+ If a SIGSPEC is 'ERR', ACTION is executed whenever a pipeline
+ (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
+ compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
following conditions. The 'ERR' trap is not executed if the failed
command is part of the command list immediately following an
'until' or 'while' keyword, part of the test following the 'if' or
status is being inverted using '!'. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the 'errexit' ('-e') option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
- Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their
- original values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is
- created.
+ Signals ignored upon entry to a non-interactive shell cannot be
+ trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit trapping signals
+ ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are
+ reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell
+ environment when one is created.
The return status is zero unless a SIGSPEC does not specify a valid
signal.
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use '-' as the first argument.
- 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL
- and those that were ignored when the shell started.
+ 42. 'trap -p' without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
+ started, not just trapped signals.
43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'.
<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz>.
Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-'bashbug' command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are
-encouraged to mail that as well! Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug
-reports may be mailed to <bug-bash@gnu.org> or posted to the Usenet
-newsgroup 'gnu.bash.bug'.
+'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the <a
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
+Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to
+<bug-bash@gnu.org> or <help-bash@gnu.org>.
All bug reports should include:
* The version number of Bash.
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 631)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 637)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 415)
+ (line 422)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 743)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 440)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f899
-Node: Introduction\7f2821
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3037
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4151
-Node: Definitions\7f6689
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9640
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10859
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11885
-Node: Quoting\7f13178
-Node: Escape Character\7f14482
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14967
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15315
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16593
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17903
-Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts\7f19214
-Node: Comments\7f23331
-Node: Shell Commands\7f23949
-Node: Reserved Words\7f24887
-Node: Simple Commands\7f25643
-Node: Pipelines\7f26297
-Node: Lists\7f29296
-Node: Compound Commands\7f31091
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f32103
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34598
-Node: Command Grouping\7f49086
-Node: Coprocesses\7f50564
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f53227
-Node: Shell Functions\7f54144
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f62029
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f66417
-Node: Special Parameters\7f67319
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f70533
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72660
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75394
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f78015
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96366
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f97721
-Node: Process Substitution\7f98689
-Node: Word Splitting\7f99809
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f101753
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f104502
-Node: Quote Removal\7f109504
-Node: Redirections\7f109799
-Node: Executing Commands\7f119459
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120129
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122239
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124617
-Node: Environment\7f127652
-Node: Exit Status\7f129315
-Node: Signals\7f131099
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f134548
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137575
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139613
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f161079
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f191935
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f192280
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f202881
-Node: Special Builtins\7f218793
-Node: Shell Variables\7f219772
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f220209
-Node: Bash Variables\7f222313
-Node: Bash Features\7f255128
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f256141
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f262154
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f267285
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f267696
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f268345
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f269160
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f272789
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f277431
-Node: Aliases\7f280375
-Node: Arrays\7f282988
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f289379
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f290163
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f294423
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f297388
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f299998
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f311916
-Node: Job Control\7f320483
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f320943
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f325945
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f331740
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f332896
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f334567
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f336190
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f337381
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f339170
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f340130
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f342051
-Node: Searching\7f343095
-Node: Readline Init File\7f345281
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f346542
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f370128
-Node: Sample Init File\7f374324
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f377448
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f378652
-Node: Commands For History\7f380703
-Node: Commands For Text\7f385697
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f389346
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f392379
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f393518
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f397709
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f398397
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f404342
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f405249
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f413029
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f423781
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f429029
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f429713
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f432718
-Node: History Interaction\7f437742
-Node: Event Designators\7f441362
-Node: Word Designators\7f442716
-Node: Modifiers\7f444476
-Node: Installing Bash\7f446284
-Node: Basic Installation\7f447421
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f451143
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f451884
-Node: Installation Names\7f453576
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f455685
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f456402
-Node: Operation Controls\7f457075
-Node: Optional Features\7f458033
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f469252
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f470527
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f487376
-Node: Indexes\7f512553
-Node: Builtin Index\7f513007
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f519834
-Node: Variable Index\7f522282
-Node: Function Index\7f539056
-Node: Concept Index\7f552840
+Node: Top\7f895
+Node: Introduction\7f2813
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3029
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4143
+Node: Definitions\7f6681
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9632
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f10851
+Node: Shell Operation\7f11877
+Node: Quoting\7f13170
+Node: Escape Character\7f14474
+Node: Single Quotes\7f14959
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15307
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16585
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17895
+Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts\7f19206
+Node: Comments\7f23323
+Node: Shell Commands\7f23941
+Node: Reserved Words\7f24879
+Node: Simple Commands\7f25635
+Node: Pipelines\7f26289
+Node: Lists\7f29288
+Node: Compound Commands\7f31083
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f32095
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34590
+Node: Command Grouping\7f49078
+Node: Coprocesses\7f50556
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f53219
+Node: Shell Functions\7f54136
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f62021
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f66409
+Node: Special Parameters\7f67311
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f70525
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f72652
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75386
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f78007
+Node: Command Substitution\7f96359
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f97714
+Node: Process Substitution\7f98682
+Node: Word Splitting\7f99802
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f101746
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f104495
+Node: Quote Removal\7f109497
+Node: Redirections\7f109792
+Node: Executing Commands\7f119452
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120122
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122232
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124610
+Node: Environment\7f127645
+Node: Exit Status\7f129308
+Node: Signals\7f131092
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f134541
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137568
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139606
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f161391
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f192247
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f192592
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f203193
+Node: Special Builtins\7f219105
+Node: Shell Variables\7f220084
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f220521
+Node: Bash Variables\7f222625
+Node: Bash Features\7f255440
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f256453
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f262466
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f267597
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f268008
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f268657
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f269472
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f273101
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f277743
+Node: Aliases\7f280687
+Node: Arrays\7f283300
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f289691
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f290475
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f294735
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f297700
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f300310
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f312277
+Node: Job Control\7f320844
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f321304
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f326306
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f332101
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f333257
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f334928
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f336551
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f337742
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f339531
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f340491
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f342412
+Node: Searching\7f343456
+Node: Readline Init File\7f345642
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f346903
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f370489
+Node: Sample Init File\7f374685
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f377809
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f379013
+Node: Commands For History\7f381064
+Node: Commands For Text\7f386058
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f389707
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f392740
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f393879
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f398070
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f398758
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f404703
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f405610
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f413390
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f424142
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f429390
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f430074
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f433079
+Node: History Interaction\7f438103
+Node: Event Designators\7f441723
+Node: Word Designators\7f443077
+Node: Modifiers\7f444837
+Node: Installing Bash\7f446645
+Node: Basic Installation\7f447782
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f451504
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f452245
+Node: Installation Names\7f453937
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f456046
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f456763
+Node: Operation Controls\7f457436
+Node: Optional Features\7f458394
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f469613
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f470957
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f487806
+Node: Indexes\7f512983
+Node: Builtin Index\7f513437
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f520264
+Node: Variable Index\7f522712
+Node: Function Index\7f539486
+Node: Concept Index\7f553270
\1f
End Tag Table
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(command)g(sta)m(y)i(in)e(e\013ect)i(in)e(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m
-(t)330 3713 y(after)i(the)f(command)h(completes.)275
-3872 y(When)36 b(Bash)g(is)h(not)f(executing)i(in)e Fm(posix)f
+(t)330 4566 y(after)i(the)f(command)h(completes.)275
+4724 y(When)36 b(Bash)g(is)h(not)f(executing)i(in)e Fm(posix)f
Fu(mo)s(de,)j(these)f(builtins)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(no)f(di\013eren)m
-(tly)h(than)150 3982 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(Bash)h(builtin)e
+(tly)h(than)150 4833 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(Bash)h(builtin)e
(commands.)41 b(The)30 b(Bash)g Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(is)g(describ)s
-(ed)f(in)h(Section)h(6.11)150 4091 y([Bash)g(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g
-(106.)275 4226 y(These)f(are)g(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)h
-(builtins:)390 4360 y Ft(break)46 b(:)i(.)f(continue)f(eval)g(exec)h
-(exit)g(export)f(readonly)f(return)h(set)390 4470 y(shift)g(trap)h
+(ed)f(in)h(Section)h(6.11)150 4943 y([Bash)g(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g
+(106.)275 5076 y(These)f(are)g(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)h
+(builtins:)390 5210 y Ft(break)46 b(:)i(.)f(continue)f(eval)g(exec)h
+(exit)g(export)f(readonly)f(return)h(set)390 5320 y(shift)g(trap)h
(unset)p eop end
%%Page: 78 84
TeXDict begin 78 83 bop 3659 -116 a Fu(78)150 299 y Fp(5)80
b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330
4390 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s
(osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst)
-f(argumen)m(t.)154 4524 y(42.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)35
-b Fu(displa)m(ys)h(signals)h(whose)f(disp)s(ositions)f(are)h(set)h(to)f
-(SIG)p 2687 4524 28 4 v 40 w(DFL)g(and)g(those)g(that)g(w)m(ere)330
-4634 y(ignored)30 b(when)g(the)g(shell)h(started.)154
+f(argumen)m(t.)154 4524 y(42.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)24
+b Fu(without)g(argumen)m(ts)g(displa)m(ys)g(signals)g(whose)g(disp)s
+(ositions)g(are)g(set)h(to)f(SIG)p 3360 4524 28 4 v 40
+w(DFL)h(and)330 4634 y(those)31 b(that)g(w)m(ere)g(ignored)f(when)g
+(the)g(shell)h(started,)g(not)f(just)g(trapp)s(ed)f(signals.)154
4768 y(43.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f
Fu(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(directory)h
(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 4877 y(if)30
b(/)g(/)g(ftp)g(.)g(gnu)g(.)g(org)g(/)g(pub)g(/)g(gnu)g(/)g(bash)g(/)45
b Fu(and)40 b(from)g Ft(http:)8 b(/)g(/)g(git)g(.)150
862 y(savannah.gnu.org/cgit/ba)o(sh.g)o(it/s)o(nap)o(shot)o(/bas)o(h-m)
-o(aste)o(r.ta)o(r.g)o(z)p Fu(.)275 996 y(Once)41 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)
-h(determined)f(that)h(a)f(bug)g(actually)h(exists,)j(use)c(the)g
-Ft(bashbug)e Fu(command)i(to)150 1106 y(submit)25 b(a)h(bug)g(rep)s
-(ort.)38 b(If)26 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(\014x,)h(y)m(ou)f(are)g
-(encouraged)h(to)f(mail)h(that)f(as)g(w)m(ell!)40 b(Suggestions)150
-1215 y(and)j(`philosophical')i(bug)e(rep)s(orts)f(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)e
-(mailed)h(to)g Ft(bug-bash@gnu)11 b(.)g(org)39 b Fu(or)k(p)s(osted)g
-(to)i(the)150 1325 y(Usenet)31 b(newsgroup)e Ft(gnu.bash.bug)p
-Fu(.)275 1460 y(All)i(bug)e(rep)s(orts)h(should)f(include:)225
-1594 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h
-(Bash.)225 1729 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(hardw)m(are)g(and)g(op)s
-(erating)g(system.)225 1863 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30
-b(compiler)h(used)e(to)i(compile)h(Bash.)225 1998 y Fq(\017)60
-b Fu(A)30 b(description)h(of)f(the)h(bug)f(b)s(eha)m(viour.)225
-2132 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(A)30 b(short)h(script)f(or)g(`recip)s(e')h(whic)
-m(h)f(exercises)i(the)e(bug)g(and)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(repro)
-s(duce)e(it.)150 2291 y Ft(bashbug)d Fu(inserts)i(the)h(\014rst)f
-(three)g(items)h(automatically)i(in)m(to)f(the)e(template)i(it)f(pro)m
-(vides)f(for)g(\014ling)h(a)150 2401 y(bug)h(rep)s(ort.)275
-2535 y(Please)h(send)f(all)h(rep)s(orts)f(concerning)g(this)h(man)m
-(ual)f(to)h Ft(bug-bash@gnu.org)p Fu(.)p eop end
+o(aste)o(r.ta)o(r.g)o(z)p Fu(.)275 996 y(Once)26 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)
+g(determined)f(that)h(a)g(bug)f(actually)i(exists,)g(use)e(the)g
+Ft(bashbug)f Fu(command)h(to)h(sub-)150 1106 y(mit)21
+b(a)f(bug)g(rep)s(ort)g(or)g(use)g(the)g(form)g(at)h(the)g
+Ft(<)p Fu(a)f(href=)p Ft(")p Fu(h)m(ttps://sa)m(v)-5
+b(annah.gn)m(u.org/pro)5 b(jects/bash/)p Ft(">)p Fu(Bash)150
+1215 y(pro)g(ject)27 b(page)p Ft(<)p Fu(/a)p Ft(>)p Fu(.)41
+b(If)26 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(\014x,)h(y)m(ou)f(are)g(encouraged)
+g(to)h(submit)e(that)h(as)g(w)m(ell!)40 b(Suggestions)150
+1325 y(and)33 b(`philosophical')i(bug)e(rep)s(orts)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f
+(mailed)h(to)g Ft(bug-bash@gnu)s(.)s(org)29 b Fu(or)k
+Ft(help-bash@gnu)s(.)150 1435 y(org)p Fu(.)275 1569 y(All)e(bug)e(rep)s
+(orts)h(should)f(include:)225 1704 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30
+b(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(Bash.)225 1838
+y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(hardw)m(are)g(and)g(op)s(erating)g(system.)
+225 1973 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(compiler)h(used)e(to)i(compile)h
+(Bash.)225 2107 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(A)30 b(description)h(of)f(the)h(bug)f
+(b)s(eha)m(viour.)225 2242 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(A)30 b(short)h(script)f
+(or)g(`recip)s(e')h(whic)m(h)f(exercises)i(the)e(bug)g(and)g(ma)m(y)h
+(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(repro)s(duce)e(it.)150 2401 y Ft(bashbug)d
+Fu(inserts)i(the)h(\014rst)f(three)g(items)h(automatically)i(in)m(to)f
+(the)e(template)i(it)f(pro)m(vides)f(for)g(\014ling)h(a)150
+2511 y(bug)h(rep)s(ort.)275 2645 y(Please)h(send)f(all)h(rep)s(orts)f
+(concerning)g(this)h(man)m(ual)f(to)h Ft(bug-bash@gnu.org)p
+Fu(.)p eop end
%%Page: 168 174
TeXDict begin 168 173 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(168)150 141
y Fp(App)t(endix)58 b(B)81 b(Ma)9 b(jor)54 b(Di\013erences)d(F)-13
(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(52)146 1881 y Fs(A)150 1998 y Fe(alias)9
b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(55)146 2239 y
+g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(56)146 2239 y
Fs(B)150 2356 y Fe(bg)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)29
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fb(71)2025 5148
y Fe(source)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(64)2025
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(65)2025
5235 y Fe(suspend)d Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(116)p eop end
b Fb(54)150 671 y Fe(type)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25
-b Fb(64)150 758 y Fe(typeset)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
+b Fb(65)150 758 y Fe(typeset)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35
b Fb(65)146 1003 y Fs(U)150 1119 y Fe(ulimit)6 b Fc(:)15
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(55)150 1293 y
Fe(unalias)f Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(66)150 1380 y
+g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(67)150 1380 y
Fe(unset)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(55)2021
@item trap
@btindex trap
@example
-trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
+trap [-lp] [@var{action}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
@end example
-The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the
-shell receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{arg} is absent (and
+The @var{action} is a command that is read and executed when the
+shell receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{action} is absent (and
there is a single @var{sigspec}) or
equal to @samp{-}, each specified signal's disposition is reset
to the value it had when the shell was started.
-If @var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by
+If @var{action} is the null string, then the signal specified by
each @var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
-If @var{arg} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
-the shell displays the trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}.
-If no arguments are supplied, or
-only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of commands
-associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
-shell input.
-The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
+
+If no arguments are supplied, @code{trap} prints the actions
+associated with each trapped signal
+as a set of @code{trap} commands that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+If @var{action} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
+@code{trap} displays the trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec},
+or, if no @var{sigspec}s are supplied, for all trapped signals,
+as a set of @code{trap} commands that can be reused as shell input to
+restore the current signal dispositions.
+
+The @option{-l} option causes @code{trap} to print a list of signal names
and their corresponding numbers.
Each @var{sigspec} is either a signal name or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the @code{SIG} prefix is optional.
If a @var{sigspec}
-is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when the shell exits.
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{action} is executed when the shell exits.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, @var{action} is executed
before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
-@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
-the first command executes in a shell function.
+@code{select} command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+arithmetic @code{for} command,
+and before the first command executes in a shell function.
Refer to the description of the @code{extdebug} option to the
@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) for details of its
effect on the @code{DEBUG} trap.
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, @var{action} is executed
each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} or
@code{source} builtins finishes executing.
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg}
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, @var{action}
is executed whenever
a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
command), a list, or a compound command returns a
These are the same conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} (@option{-e})
option.
-Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Signals ignored upon entry to a non-interactive shell cannot be trapped or
+reset.
+Interactive shells permit trapping signals ignored on entry.
Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
first argument.
@item
-@code{trap -p} displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and
-those that were ignored when the shell started.
+@code{trap -p} without arguments displays signals whose dispositions are
+set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started, not
+just trapped signals.
@item
The @code{.} and @code{source} builtins do not search the current directory
<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
-to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or @email{help-bash@gnu.org}.
+to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or @email{help-bash@@gnu.org}.
All bug reports should include:
@itemize @bullet
t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
- ceives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a sin-
- gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
- nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
- is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
- associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no arguments are
- supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
- mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
- shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
- numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
- and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
-
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to
- the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a
- shell function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be
- builtins finishes executing.
-
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ vokes.
+
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions.
+
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
+
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ ing.
+
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re-
- set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
- their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
- invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
+ When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
+ the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
+ trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
+ turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
+ of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
+ as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
+ turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
status of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+(Wi)144 124.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
-.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
-F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
-(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086
+F2<ad74>144 136.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F0
+.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
+F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0
+(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1
+(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 160.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
+F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 172.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G
-.528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E
-
F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
--.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)
+144 184.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
+G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
+
E F2<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+-.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 196.8 R F1(name)
2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007
-(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2
+(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1
(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007
-(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F
1<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50>
+(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F
2<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 208.8 Q F2<ad50>
3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the)
-5.23 F F1<ad61>144 192 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E
-F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824
+5.23 F F2<ad61>144 220.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F2(type)3.323
+E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .824(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824
(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176
-(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 2
04 R F1<ad70>
+(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 2
32.8 R F2<ad70>
3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 2
16 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
+144 2
44.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 228 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326
-E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
+144 256.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)
+5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 240 Q F1(ulimit)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A
-F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 280.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 268.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+(\255HS)A F0(])A F2<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A
+F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 292.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F
1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F
2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 316.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F
1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
2<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F
2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-328.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 340.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 3
64.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144 3
93.6 R F2<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 376.8
+(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 405.6
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
-388.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 400.8 Q F0
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 4
00.8 Q F1<ad62>
-144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 412.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 424.8 Q F1<ad64>144 436.8
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 436.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 448.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 4
48.8 Q F1<ad66>144
-460.8 Q F0
+417.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 429.6 Q F0
+(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 4
29.6 Q F2<ad62>
+144 441.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 441.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63>144 453.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 453.6 Q F2<ad64>144 465.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 465.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 4
77.6 Q F2<ad66>144
+489.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-460.8 Q F1<ad69>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-472.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 484.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 484.8 Q F1
-<ad6c>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 496.8 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 508.8 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 508.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+489.6 Q F2<ad69>144 501.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+501.6 Q F2<ad6b>144 513.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 513.6 Q F2
+<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 525.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 537.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 537.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 549.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 520.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 532.8 Q F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 544.8 Q F1
-<ad71>144 556.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 556.8 Q F1
-<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 568.8
-Q F
1<ad73>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 580.8 Q F1<ad74>144
-592.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 592.8 Q F1
-<ad75>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 604.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 616.8 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+180 549.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 561.6 Q F2<ad70>144 573.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 573.6 Q F2
+<ad71>144 585.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 585.6 Q F2
+<ad72>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 597.6
+Q F
2<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 609.6 Q F2<ad74>144
+621.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 621.6 Q F2
+<ad75>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 633.6 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 645.6 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 645.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-628.8 Q F1<ad78>144 640.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
-640.8 Q F1<ad50>144 652.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
-652.8 Q F1<ad52>144 664.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\
- run before blocking, in microseconds)180 664.8 Q F1<ad54>144 676.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)180 676.8 Q(If)144 693.6 Q F2(limit)3.058
-E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F
1<ad61>
-2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
+657.6 Q F2<ad78>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
+669.6 Q F2<ad50>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
+681.6 Q F2<ad52>144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\
+ run before blocking, in microseconds)180 693.6 Q F2<ad54>144 705.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 705.6 Q(If)144 722.4 Q F1(limit)3.058
+E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F
2<ad61>
+2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-717.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
-F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
--3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144 729.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
-F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
-F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg
EP
%%Page: 25 25
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .239(512-byte increments.)144 84 R .238
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .044(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25
+G .044(n, then).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045
+(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 96
+R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F1
+<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.17
+F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)A F1
+<ad6b>144 108 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F1
+<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
+(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
+F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
+(512-byte increments.)144 120 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 132 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1
+(umask)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 160.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 172.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+184.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 196.8 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 208.8 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 220.8 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 237.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 249.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
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3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 266.4 Q F0 .465
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 302.4 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
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<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
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-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
290.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
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326.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
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2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
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<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
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(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
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-144 362.4 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
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2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
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-374.4 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
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4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
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(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E
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F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 415.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
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3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)
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-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F2(id)144.01 439.2 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
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F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 451.2 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
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3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
-F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 463.2
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Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 475.2 R
+-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 511.2 R
.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 487.2 R .573
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(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
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-144 499.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 511.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
+144 535.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
+144 547.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
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-(an)144 523.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
+(an)144 559.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 535.2 R F1
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(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 547.2 R(If)5.635 E F2
+(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 583.2 R(If)5.635 E F2
(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 559.2
+(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 595.2
R(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\
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-(scribed under)144 571.2 R F1(SIGN)4.258 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(in)4.258 E F2
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1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F
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+G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect)
+-.25 E F1(compat32)108 381.6 Q F0<83>144 393.6 Q .35
+(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 393.6
R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017
-(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 364.8 R .018
+(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 405.6 R .018
(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt)
.15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F
-(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 376.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 393.6 Q F0<83>144
-405.6 Q(the)180 405.6 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173
+(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 417.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15
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(operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173
(command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E
-.067(ing strings; the)180 417.6 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067
+.067(ing strings; the)180 458.4 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067
(se ASCII ordering.)-2.567 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .068
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+(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 470.4 Q F4
(str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903
(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.402(sc)-.55 G
1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F4(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180
-441.6 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 458.4 Q F0<83>144 470.4 Q(in)180
-470.4 Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29
+482.4 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 499.2 Q F0<83>144 511.2 Q(in)180
+511.2 Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29
(may be follo)3.79 F 1.29
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-494.4 Q(in)180 494.4 Q F4(posix)2.709 E F0 .208
+(wo)180 523.2 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 E<83>144
+535.2 Q(in)180 535.2 Q F4(posix)2.709 E F0 .208
(mode, the parser requires that an e)2.709 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15
G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F4(wor)2.708 E(d)
--.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 506.4 R .282
+-.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 547.2 R .282
(xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.782(,s)-.65 G 2.782(ot)
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-.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 571.2 Q .021
-(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 571.2 R
+nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 559.2 Q F1
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-2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 583.2 R .017
+2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 624 R .017
(xpansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other spe-)-.15 F
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-(xpansions)-.15 E F1(compat43)108 624 Q F0<83>144 636 Q 1.071
-(the shell does not print a w)180 636 R 1.07
+ter v)180 636 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F
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(gument to declare \(e.g., declare -a foo=\010\(1 2\)\010\). Later v)
--.18 F(ersions)-.15 E -.1(wa)180 660 S(rn that this usage is deprecated)
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+-.18 F(ersions)-.15 E -.1(wa)180 700.8 S
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+.501(rd e).1 F .501(xpansion errors are considered non-f)-.15 F .501
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.605(il, e).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.105(ni).15 G 3.105(np)-3.105 G .605
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-144 708 Q .355(when e)180 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
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-(continue)180 720 Q F0 .052
-(in that function will break or continue loops in the calling conte)
-2.552 F .053(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)
-136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(26)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(26)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 27 27
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat44)108 100.8 Q
-F0<83>144 112.8 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 112.8 R .719
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-144 136.8 Q 2.634(as)180 136.8 S .134
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--.25 F .12(vironment e)-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62
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-(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(shell to e)180 84 Q(xit\))-.15 E<83>144 96
+Q .355(when e)180 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
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+2.552 F .053(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre)
+180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F1(compat44)108 136.8 Q F0<83>144
+148.8 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 148.8 R .719(alues used by)-.25
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+2.634(as)180 172.8 S .134(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte)
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+180 196.8 S .619(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik)
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+-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62 G .12(he shell is)-2.62
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(li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E
3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019
-(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 237.6 R .733
+(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 273.6 R .733
(vious v)-.25 F .732
(ersions, so seeding the random number generator by assigning a)-.15 F
--.25(va)180 249.6 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0
-(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 261.6 Q
-.695(If the command hash table is empty)180 261.6 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696
+-.25(va)180 285.6 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0
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(ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15
-F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 273.6 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15
+F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 309.6 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321
(hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F
-(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180
285.6 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0
-(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 302.4 Q F0<83>144 314.4 Q
-(The)180 314.4 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454
+(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180
321.6 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0
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(and)2.955 E F1(*)2.955 E F0(dif)2.955 E .455(ferently depending)-.25 F
-(on whether the array is inde)180 326.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G
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2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E
(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 343.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 355.2 Q
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 379.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 391.2 Q
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(27)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Mon Sep 19 12:02:42 2022
+%%CreationDate: Fri Dec 2 17:01:16 2022
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4
Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 18 11:09:41 EST 2022
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Dec 2 16:14:27 EST 2022
@set EDITION 5.2
@set VERSION 5.2
-@set UPDATED 18 November 2022
-@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2022
+@set UPDATED 2 December 2022
+@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2022
static WORD_LIST *build_arg_list PARAMS((char *, const char *, const char *, WORD_LIST *, int));
static WORD_LIST *command_line_to_word_list PARAMS((char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static int compgen_compspec = 0; /* are we generating completions for compgen? */
+
#ifdef DEBUG
static int progcomp_debug = 0;
#endif
STRINGLIST *sl;
SHELL_VAR *f, *v;
WORD_LIST *cmdlist;
- int fval, found;
+ int fval, found, local_compgen;
sh_parser_state_t ps;
sh_parser_state_t * restrict pps;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
ARRAY *a;
#endif
+ local_compgen = compgen_compspec;
found = 0;
if (foundp)
*foundp = found;
add_unwind_protect (restore_parser_state, (char *)pps);
add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, (char *)cmdlist);
add_unwind_protect (unbind_compfunc_variables, (char *)0);
+ if (local_compgen == 0)
+ {
+ add_unwind_protect (rl_set_signals, (char *)NULL);
+ rl_clear_signals ();
+ }
fval = execute_shell_function (f, cmdlist);
discard_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
restore_parser_state (pps);
+ if (local_compgen == 0)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+ rl_set_signals ();
+ }
found = fval != EX_NOTFOUND;
if (fval == EX_RETRYFAIL)
COMPSPEC *tcs;
found = 1;
+ compgen_compspec = this_shell_builtin == compgen_builtin;
#ifdef DEBUG
debug_printf ("gen_compspec_completions (%s, %s, %d, %d)", cmd, word, start, end);
const char *oldcmd, *oldtxt;
STRINGLIST *ret;
+ compgen_compspec = 0;
+
cs = progcomp_search (ocmd);
if (cs == 0 || cs == *lastcs)
#if defined (READLINE)
if (interactive)
- bashline_reset ();
+ {
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER) == 0)
+ rl_cleanup_after_signal ();
+ bashline_reset ();
+ }
+
#endif /* READLINE */
#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED is possibly redundant. */
if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER) || RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED))
bashline_set_event_hook ();
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING|RL_STATE_DISPATCHING))
+ bashline_set_event_hook ();
#endif
SIGRETURN (0);
quick response. */
else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER))
bashline_set_event_hook ();
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING|RL_STATE_DISPATCHING))
+ bashline_set_event_hook ();
#endif
SIGRETURN (0);
./errors.tests: line 231: /bin/sh + 0: arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "/bin/sh + 0")
./errors.tests: line 234: trap: NOSIG: invalid signal specification
./errors.tests: line 237: trap: -s: invalid option
-trap: usage: trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
+trap: usage: trap [-lp] [[action] signal_spec ...]
./errors.tests: line 243: return: can only `return' from a function or sourced script
./errors.tests: line 247: break: 0: loop count out of range
./errors.tests: line 251: continue: 0: loop count out of range
#16: pat=*[ba]/*/efg yes/yes
#17: pat=*[!a]/*/efg yes/yes
#18: pat=*[a-c]/*/efg yes/yes
-#19: pat=ab@(/)cd/efg no/no
+#19: pat=ab@(/)cd/efg yes/yes
#20: pat=*@(/)cd/efg no/no
#21: pat=*/cd/efg yes/yes
#
# tests of various aspects of pathname expansion, mostly dealing with bracket
# expressions
+#
+# Derived from tests contributed by Koichi Murase <myoga.murase@gmail.com>
LC_COLLATE=C
WORK_DIR=${TMPDIR}/globtest-$$
mkdir $WORK_DIR || {
- echo "cannot create directory $WORK_DIR" >&2
+ echo "glob-bracket: cannot create directory $WORK_DIR" >&2
exit 1
}
cd $WORK_DIR || {
- echo "cannot cd to directory $WORK_DIR" >&2
+ echo "glob-bracket: cannot cd to directory $WORK_DIR" >&2
exit 1
}
-gcc -O2 -xc -o ./fnmatch - <<-EOF
+eval $(grep -E '^(CC |SHOBJ_).*=' $BUILD_DIR/examples/loadables/Makefile | sed -e 's/[ ]*=[ ]*/="/' -e 's/\$@/strmatch/' -e 's/$/"/' )
+
+if [ "$SHOBJ_STATUS" != "supported" ]; then
+ echo "glob-bracket: shared objects not supported, cannot continue" >&2
+ exit 2
+fi
+
+# we assume gcc as a default here
+: ${CC:=gcc}
+
+cat > fnmatch.c <<-EOF
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
return 1;
}
EOF
+$CC -O2 -o fnmatch fnmatch.c
+rm -f fnmatch.c
-eval $(grep -E '^(CC |SHOBJ_).*=' $BUILD_DIR/examples/loadables/Makefile | sed -e 's/[ ]*=[ ]*/="/' -e 's/$/"/' )
-
-if [ "$SHOBJ_STATUS" != "supported" ]; then
- echo "glob-bracket: shared objects not supported, cannot continue" >&2
+if [ ! -f fnmatch ] ; then
+ echo "glob-bracket: cannot create fnmatch executable" >&2
exit 2
fi
-cat > ./strmatch.c <<-EOF
+cat > strmatch.c <<-EOF
#define BUILTIN_ENABLED 0x01
struct word_desc { char* word; int flags; };
struct word_list { struct word_list* next; struct word_desc* word; };
check_count=1
if [ -z "$BASH_TSTOUT" ]; then
- yes=$(printf '\033[32myes\033[m') no=$(printf '\033[31mno\033[m')
+ yes=$'\033[32myes\033[m' no=$'\033[31mno\033[m'
else
yes=yes no=no
fi
fi
# Linux fnmatch
- if $WORK_DIR/fnmatch ab/cd/efg "$1"; then
- local fnmatch=$yes
- else
- local fnmatch=$no
+ local fnmatch=${2-}
+ if [[ ! $fnmatch ]]; then
+ if $WORK_DIR/fnmatch ab/cd/efg "$1"; then
+ fnmatch=$yes
+ else
+ fnmatch=$no
+ fi
fi
printf '#%d: pat=%-16s %s/%s\n' "$((check_count++))" "$1" "$strmatch" "$fnmatch"
pcheck '*[!a]/*/efg'
pcheck '*[a-c]/*/efg'
-pcheck 'ab@(/)cd/efg'
-pcheck '*@(/)cd/efg'
+shopt -s extglob
+pcheck 'ab@(/)cd/efg' "$yes"
+pcheck '*@(/)cd/efg' "$no"
pcheck '*/cd/efg'
+shopt -u extglob
cd "$WORK_DIR"
fi
PATH=$PATH:`pwd`
export PATH
-${THIS_SH} ./glob-bracket.tests > ${BASH_TSTOUT} 2>&1
+${THIS_SH} ./glob-bracket.tests > ${BASH_TSTOUT}
diff ${BASH_TSTOUT} glob-bracket.right && rm -f ${BASH_TSTOUT}
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
