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+<div class="refentry">
+<a name="man.dnssec-keymgr"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
+<div class="refnamediv">
+<h2>Name</h2>
+<p><span class="application">dnssec-keymgr</span> — Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy</p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keymgr</code> [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></code>] [zone...]</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.12.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<p>
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> is a high level Python wrapper
+ to facilitate the key rollover process for zones handled by
+ BIND. It uses the BIND commands for manipulating DNSSEC key
+ metadata: <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> and
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-settime</strong></span>.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ DNSSEC policy can be read from a configuration file (default
+ <code class="filename">/etc/dnssec.policy</code>), from which the key
+ parameters, publication and rollover schedule, and desired
+ coverage duration for any given zone can be determined. This
+ file may be used to define individual DNSSEC policies on a
+ per-zone basis, or to set a default policy used for all zones.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ When <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> runs, it examines the DNSSEC
+ keys for one or more zones, comparing their timing metadata against
+ the policies for those zones. If key settings do not conform to the
+ DNSSEC policy (for example, because the policy has been changed),
+ they are automatically corrected.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ A zone policy can specify a duration for which we want to
+ ensure the key correctness (<code class="option">coverage</code>). It can
+ also specify a rollover period (<code class="option">roll-period</code>).
+ If policy indicates that a key should roll over before the
+ coverage period ends, then a successor key will automatically be
+ created and added to the end of the key series.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ If zones are specified on the command line,
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> will examine only those zones.
+ If a specified zone does not already have keys in place, then
+ keys will be generated for it according to policy.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ If zones are <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specified on the command
+ line, then <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> will search the
+ key directory (either the current working directory or the directory
+ set by the <code class="option">-K</code> option), and check the keys for
+ all the zones represented in the directory.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ It is expected that this tool will be run automatically and
+ unattended (for example, by <span class="command"><strong>cron</strong></span>).
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.12.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ If <code class="option">-c</code> is specified, then the DNSSEC
+ policy is read from <code class="option">file</code>. (If not
+ specified, then the policy is read from
+ <code class="filename">/etc/policy.conf</code>; if that file
+ doesn't exist, a built-in global default policy is used.)
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Force: allow updating of key events even if they are
+ already in the past. This is not recommended for use with
+ zones in which keys have already been published. However,
+ if a set of keys has been generated all of which have
+ publication and activation dates in the past, but the
+ keys have not been published in a zone as yet, then this
+ option can be used to clean them up and turn them into a
+ proper series of keys with appropriate rollover intervals.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>keygen-path</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Specifies a path to a <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> binary.
+ Used for testing.
+ See also the <code class="option">-s</code> option.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Print the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> help summary
+ and exit.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Sets the directory in which keys can be found. Defaults to the
+ current working directory.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-k</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Only apply policies to KSK keys.
+ See also the <code class="option">-z</code> option.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-q</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Quiet: suppress printing of <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
+ and <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-settime</strong></span>.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Specifies a path to a file containing random data.
+ This is passed to the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> binary
+ using its <code class="option">-r</code> option.
+
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>settime-path</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Specifies a path to a <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-settime</strong></span> binary.
+ Used for testing.
+ See also the <code class="option">-g</code> option.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Print the <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keymgr</strong></span> version and exit.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Only apply policies to ZSK keys.
+ See also the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
+ </p></dd>
+</dl></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.12.9"></a><h2>POLICY CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<p>
+ The <code class="filename">policy.conf</code> file can specify three kinds
+ of policies:
+ </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>Policy classes</em></span>
+ (<code class="option">policy <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> { ... };</code>)
+ can be inherited by zone policies or other policy classes; these
+ can be used to create sets of different security profiles. For
+ example, a policy class <strong class="userinput"><code>normal</code></strong> might specify
+ 1024-bit key sizes, but a class <strong class="userinput"><code>extra</code></strong> might
+ specify 2048 bits instead; <strong class="userinput"><code>extra</code></strong> would be
+ used for zones that had unusually high security needs.
+ </p></li>
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ Algorithm policies:
+ (<code class="option">algorithm-policy <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> { ... };</code> )
+ override default per-algorithm settings. For example, by default,
+ RSASHA256 keys use 2048-bit key sizes for both KSK and ZSK. This
+ can be modified using <span class="command"><strong>algorithm-policy</strong></span>, and the
+ new key sizes would then be used for any key of type RSASHA256.
+ </p></li>
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ Zone policies:
+ (<code class="option">zone <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> { ... };</code> )
+ set policy for a single zone by name. A zone policy can inherit
+ a policy class by including a <code class="option">policy</code> option.
+ </p></li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>
+ Options that can be specified in policies:
+ </p>
+<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>algorithm</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ The key algorithm. If no policy is defined, the default is
+ RSASHA256.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>coverage</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ The length of time to ensure that keys will be correct; no action
+ will be taken to create new keys to be activated after this time.
+ This can be represented as a number of seconds, or as a duration using
+ human-readable units (examples: "1y" or "6 months").
+ A default value for this option can be set in algorithm policies
+ as well as in policy classes or zone policies.
+ If no policy is configured, the default is six months.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Specifies the directory in which keys should be stored.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>key-size</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Specifies the number of bits to use in creating keys.
+ Takes two arguments: keytype (eihter "zsk" or "ksk") and size.
+ A default value for this option can be set in algorithm policies
+ as well as in policy classes or zone policies. If no policy is
+ configured, the default is 1024 bits for DSA keys and 2048 for
+ RSA.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>keyttl</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ The key TTL. If no policy is defined, the default is one hour.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>post-publish</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ How long after inactivation a key should be deleted from the zone.
+ Note: If <code class="option">roll-period</code> is not set, this value is
+ ignored. Takes two arguments: keytype (eihter "zsk" or "ksk") and a
+ duration. A default value for this option can be set in algorithm
+ policies as well as in policy classes or zone policies. The default
+ is one month.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>pre-publish</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ How long before activation a key should be published. Note: If
+ <code class="option">roll-period</code> is not set, this value is ignored.
+ Takes two arguments: keytype (either "zsk" or "ksk") and a duration.
+ A default value for this option can be set in algorithm policies
+ as well as in policy classes or zone policies. The default is
+ one month.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>roll-period</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ How frequently keys should be rolled over.
+ Takes two arguments: keytype (eihter "zsk" or "ksk") and a duration.
+ A default value for this option can be set in algorithm policies
+ as well as in policy classes or zone policies. If no policy is
+ configured, the default is one year for ZSK's. KSK's do not
+ roll over by default.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>standby</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Not yet implemented.
+ </p></dd>
+</dl></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.12.10"></a><h2>REMAINING WORK</h2>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ Enable scheduling of KSK rollovers using the <code class="option">-P sync</code>
+ and <code class="option">-D sync</code> options to
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> and
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-settime</strong></span>. Check the parent zone
+ (as in <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-checkds</strong></span>) to determine when it's
+ safe for the key to roll.
+ </p></li>
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ Allow configuration of standby keys and use of the REVOKE bit,
+ for keys that use RFC 5011 semantics.
+ </p></li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.12.11"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<p>
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-coverage</span>(8)</span>,
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-settime</span>(8)</span>,
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-checkds</span>(8)</span>
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="navfooter">
+<hr>
+<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
+<tr>
+<td width="40%" align="left">
+<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html">Prev</a> </td>
+<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</a></td>
+<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-revoke.html">Next</a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
+<span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span> </td>
+<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
+<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span class="application">dnssec-revoke</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.0a3</p>
+</body>
+</html>
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+<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">nslookup</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="left">
+<a accesskey="p" href="man.delv.html">Prev</a> </td>
+<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
+<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-checkds.html">Next</a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="refentry">
+<a name="man.nslookup"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
+<div class="refnamediv">
+<h2>Name</h2>
+<p>nslookup — query Internet name servers interactively</p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nslookup</code> [<code class="option">-option</code>] [name | -] [server]</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<p><span class="command"><strong>Nslookup</strong></span>
+ is a program to query Internet domain name servers. <span class="command"><strong>Nslookup</strong></span>
+ has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows
+ the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and
+ domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode
+ is
+ used to print just the name and requested information for a host or
+ domain.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.8"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
+<p>
+ Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
+ </p>
+<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a">
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used)
+ </p></li>
+<li class="listitem"><p>
+ when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument is
+ the host name or Internet address of a name server.
+ </p></li>
+</ol></div>
+<p>
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address of the
+ host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The optional second
+ argument specifies the host name or address of a name server.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede the
+ arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen. For example, to
+ change the default query type to host information, and the initial
+ timeout to 10 seconds, type:
+
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+nslookup -query=hinfo -timeout=10
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+ </p>
+<p>
+ The <code class="option">-version</code> option causes
+ <span class="command"><strong>nslookup</strong></span> to print the version
+ number and immediately exits.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.9"></a><h2>INTERACTIVE COMMANDS</h2>
+<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">host</code> [<span class="optional">server</span>]</span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Look up information for host using the current default server or
+ using server, if specified. If host is an Internet address and
+ the query type is A or PTR, the name of the host is returned.
+ If host is a name and does not have a trailing period, the
+ search list is used to qualify the name.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
+ the name.
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p></p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">lserver</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Change the default server to <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>; <code class="constant">lserver</code> uses the initial
+ server to look up information about <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>, while <code class="constant">server</code> uses
+ the current default server. If an authoritative answer can't be
+ found, the names of servers that might have the answer are
+ returned.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">root</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">finger</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">ls</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">view</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">help</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">?</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ not implemented
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">exit</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Exits the program.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">set</code>
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword[<span class="optional">=value</span>]</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ This command is used to change state information that affects
+ the lookups. Valid keywords are:
+ </p>
+<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">all</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Prints the current values of the frequently used
+ options to <span class="command"><strong>set</strong></span>.
+ Information about the current default
+ server and host is also printed.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">class=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Change the query class to one of:
+ </p>
+<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">IN</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ the Internet class
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">CH</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ the Chaos class
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">HS</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ the Hesiod class
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">ANY</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ wildcard
+ </p></dd>
+</dl></div>
+<p>
+ The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
+
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = IN; abbreviation = cl)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>debug</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Turn on or off the display of the full response packet and
+ any intermediate response packets when searching.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = nodebug; abbreviation = [<span class="optional">no</span>]deb)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>d2</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Turn debugging mode on or off. This displays more about
+ what nslookup is doing.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = nod2)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">domain=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Sets the search list to <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>search</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ If the lookup request contains at least one period but
+ doesn't end with a trailing period, append the domain
+ names in the domain search list to the request until an
+ answer is received.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = search)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">port=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = 53; abbreviation = po)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">querytype=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p></p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Change the type of the information query.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = A; abbreviations = q, ty)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>recurse</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not
+ have the
+ information.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = recurse; abbreviation = [no]rec)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">ndots=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Set the number of dots (label separators) in a domain
+ that will disable searching. Absolute names always
+ stop searching.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">retry=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Set the number of retries to number.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">timeout=</code><em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a
+ reply to number seconds.
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>vc</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the
+ server.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = novc)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">no</span>]</code></em>fail</code></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Try the next nameserver if a nameserver responds with
+ SERVFAIL or a referral (nofail) or terminate query
+ (fail) on such a response.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ (Default = nofail)
+ </p>
+</dd>
+</dl></div>
+<p>
+ </p>
+</dd>
+</dl></div>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.10"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
+<p>
+ <span class="command"><strong>nslookup</strong></span> returns with an exit status of 1
+ if any query failed, and 0 otherwise.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.14.6.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
+ <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="navfooter">
+<hr>
+<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
+<tr>
+<td width="40%" align="left">
+<a accesskey="p" href="man.delv.html">Prev</a> </td>
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+</td>
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+<tr>
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+</td>
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+<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.0a3</p>
+</body>
+</html>