</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613638">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613648">Compilation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612648">Installation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612679">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612756">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612782">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613824">Library References</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613651">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612227">Compilation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612251">Installation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612282">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612769">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612795">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613836">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
this happened silently; now the error will be logged to
the newly-created "cname" log category.
</p></li>
+<li><p>
+ If named is not configured to validate the answer then
+ allow fallback to plain DNS on timeout even when we know
+ the server supports EDNS. This will allow the server to
+ potentially resolve signed queries when TCP is being
+ blocked.
+ </p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
it did not always try plain DNS. This has been corrected.
[RT #37965]
</p></li>
+<li><p>
+ A regression caused nsupdate to use the default recursive servers
+ rather than the SOA MNAME server when sending the UPDATE.
+ </p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613638"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613651"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613648"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612227"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>./configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612648"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612251"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612679"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612282"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612756"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612769"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
would be beyond the capability of the
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612782"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612795"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
these applications.
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612791"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612804"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612882"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612894"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2613208"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613289"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query to a specified server, and
prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2613340"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613353"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
This is a test program
to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2613355"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613368"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It accepts a single update command as a
command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2613760"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613772"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It checks a set
of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613824"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613836"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613638">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613648">Compilation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612648">Installation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612679">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612756">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612782">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613824">Library References</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613651">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612227">Compilation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612251">Installation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612282">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612769">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2612795">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2613836">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">arpaname</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>ipaddress </code></em>...}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621115"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2621469"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">arpaname</strong></span> translates IP addresses (IPv4 and
IPv6) to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA or IP6.ARPA names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621130"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2621484"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621144"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2621498"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">ddns-confgen</code> [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomfile</code></em></code>] [ -s <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> | -z <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> ]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663234"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2663246"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">tsig-keygen</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">ddns-confgen</strong></span>
are invocation methods for a utility that generates keys for use
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663337"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2663350"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663554"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2663976"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nsupdate</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663660"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2664014"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2616166"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2616179"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
(Domain Entity Lookup & Validation) is a tool for sending
DNS queries and validating the results, using the the same internal
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2616238"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
+<a name="id2616388"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
<p>
A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> looks like:
</p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2616916"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2616587"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2671532"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2671545"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672049"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2672061"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code></p>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672068"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2672081"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC4034</em>,
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2614154"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2614167"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
(domain information groper) is a flexible tool
for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2614257"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
+<a name="id2614338"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
<p>
A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
</p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2614451"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2614464"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2666279"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2666292"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect
the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667387"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
+<a name="id2667468"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667677"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
+<a name="id2667690"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667706"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2667719"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667728"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2667740"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667765"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
+<a name="id2667778"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</code> [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>dig path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>dsfromkey path</code></em></code>] {zone}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617464"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2616999"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-checkds</strong></span>
verifies the correctness of Delegation Signer (DS) or DNSSEC
Lookaside Validation (DLV) resource records for keys in a specified
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617478"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2617013"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617580"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2617115"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-dsfromkey</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617614"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2617149"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-coverage</code> [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>length</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>DNSKEY TTL</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>max TTL</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>compilezone path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [zone]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617894"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2617497"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-coverage</strong></span>
verifies that the DNSSEC keys for a given zone or a set of zones
have timing metadata set properly to ensure no future lapses in DNSSEC
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2617921"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2617524"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618162"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2617765"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-checkds</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-dsfromkey</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618205"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2617809"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619553"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2618473"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</strong></span>
outputs the Delegation Signer (DS) resource record (RR), as defined in
RFC 3658 and RFC 4509, for the given key(s).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619566"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2618487"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-1</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619897"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2619432"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
To build the SHA-256 DS RR from the
<strong class="userinput"><code>Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619933"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2620424"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p>
The keyfile can be designed by the key identification
<code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code> or the full file name
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620931"></a><h2>CAVEAT</h2>
+<a name="id2620466"></a><h2>CAVEAT</h2>
<p>
A keyfile error can give a "file not found" even if the file exists.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620940"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2620475"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620980"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2620515"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-importkey</code> {<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>} [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">dnsname</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620120"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2619655"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-importkey</strong></span>
reads a public DNSKEY record and generates a pair of
.key/.private files. The DNSKEY record may be read from an
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620148"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2619683"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620285"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2619820"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620332"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2619867"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p>
A keyfile can be designed by the key identification
<code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code> or the full file name
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620494"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2620029"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620528"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2620062"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</code> {-l <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em>} [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y</code>] {name}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621610"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2620872"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span>
generates a key pair of files that referencing a key object stored
in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The private key
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621636"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2620898"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672348"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2672293"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672606"></a><h2>GENERATED KEY FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2672551"></a><h2>GENERATED KEY FILES</h2>
<p>
When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> completes
successfully,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672769"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2672713"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672806"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2672750"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keygen</code> [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-C</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {name}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622790"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2622325"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
and RFC 4034. It can also generate keys for use with
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622810"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2622345"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673260"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2673205"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673382"></a><h2>GENERATED KEYS</h2>
+<a name="id2673463"></a><h2>GENERATED KEYS</h2>
<p>
When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> completes
successfully,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673694"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2673639"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain
<strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673751"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2673764"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2539</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673782"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2673795"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-revoke</code> [<code class="option">-hr</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] {keyfile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2625226"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2625580"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-revoke</strong></span>
reads a DNSSEC key file, sets the REVOKED bit on the key as defined
in RFC 5011, and creates a new pair of key files containing the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2625240"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2625594"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2625378"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2625732"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 5011</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2625470"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2632378"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-settime</code> [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] {keyfile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2632408"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2632557"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-settime</strong></span>
reads a DNSSEC private key file and sets the key timing metadata
as specified by the <code class="option">-P</code>, <code class="option">-A</code>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2632467"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2632616"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2632878"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2632891"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2636294"></a><h2>PRINTING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2636102"></a><h2>PRINTING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-settime</strong></span> can also be used to print the
timing metadata associated with a key.
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2636374"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2636182"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2636407"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2636215"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2642856"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2642801"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
signs a zone. It generates
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2642875"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2643093"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675255"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2675131"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
%</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675402"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2675278"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4641</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675430"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2675374"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-verify</code> [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643161"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2643310"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-verify</strong></span>
verifies that a zone is fully signed for each algorithm found
in the DNSKEY RRset for the zone, and that the NSEC / NSEC3
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643175"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2643324"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643700"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2643576"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643725"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2643602"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">genrandom</code> [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>] {<em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663703"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2664876"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">genrandom</strong></span>
generates a file or a set of files containing a specified quantity
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663718"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
+<a name="id2664891"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663779"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2664952"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rand</span>(3)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">arc4random</span>(3)</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663805"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2664979"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">host</code> [<code class="option">-aCdlnrsTwv</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] {name} [server]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2614800"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2614812"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615804"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
+<a name="id2615817"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615833"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2615846"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615847"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2615860"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">isc-hmac-fixup</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>secret</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622492"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2622437"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
Versions of BIND 9 up to and including BIND 9.6 had a bug causing
HMAC-SHA* TSIG keys which were longer than the digest length of the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622520"></a><h2>SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2665609"></a><h2>SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS</h2>
<p>
Secrets that have been converted by <span><strong class="command">isc-hmac-fixup</strong></span>
are shortened, but as this is how the HMAC protocol works in
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664725"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665625"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664742"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665642"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkconf</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-j</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] {filename} [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643893"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2643769"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span>
checks the syntax, but not the semantics, of a
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file. The file is parsed
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2643963"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2643840"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644460"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
+<a name="id2644132"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span>
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644474"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2644146"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644504"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2644176"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-compilezone</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-j</code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-C <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-F <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-J <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>style</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-w <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] {<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>} {zonename} {filename}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645649"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2646208"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>
checks the syntax and integrity of a zone file. It performs the
same checks as <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> does when loading a
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677033"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2677046"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678071"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
+<a name="id2678084"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678085"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2678098"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678118"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2678131"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-journalprint</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>journal</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618731"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2619154"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">named-journalprint</strong></span>
prints the contents of a zone journal file in a human-readable
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2652364"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2651626"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nsupdate</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2652395"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2651657"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-rrchecker</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-C</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2653073"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2651720"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-rrchecker</strong></span>
read a individual DNS resource record from standard input and checks if it
is syntactically correct.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2653129"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2651777"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2646851"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2646864"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2646882"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2646894"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2679446"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
+<a name="id2679459"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2679496"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<a name="id2679509"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2679545"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2679558"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2679589"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2679602"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2679659"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2679672"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsec3hash</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622598"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2665755"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">nsec3hash</strong></span> generates an NSEC3 hash based on
a set of NSEC3 parameters. This can be used to check the validity
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664870"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
+<a name="id2665770"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">salt</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664932"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665832"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 5155</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664949"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665849"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2653353"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2652342"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
to a name server.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2654737"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
+<a name="id2654272"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2680980"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
+<a name="id2680993"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2681030"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2681043"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2681113"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2681126"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2681171"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
+<a name="id2681184"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc-confgen</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>chrootdir</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2660210"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2661520"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen</strong></span>
generates configuration files
for <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>. It can be used as a
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2661163"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2661586"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663137"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
+<a name="id2663149"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
To allow <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> to be used with
no manual configuration, run
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664081"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2664571"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664324"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2664610"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc.conf</code> </p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2656806"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2656750"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> is the configuration file
for <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>, the BIND 9 name server control
utility. This file has a similar structure and syntax to
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2656978"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2656922"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<pre class="programlisting">
options {
default-server localhost;
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659693"></a><h2>NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<a name="id2660116"></a><h2>NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and
to recognize the key specified in the <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659719"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2660141"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mmencode</span>(1)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659757"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2660180"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></code>] {command}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2656370"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2656246"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
controls the operation of a name
server. It supersedes the <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> utility
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2656420"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2656296"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2656710"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
+<a name="id2656586"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
<p>
A list of commands supported by <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> can
be seen by running <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> without arguments.
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2687866"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2684397"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
<p>
There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a
<code class="option">key_id</code> without using the configuration file.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2687884"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2684416"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2687940"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2684471"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="preface"><a href="#id2542024"> </a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2542008">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2542007">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2542008">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2542007">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2542008"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2542007"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.10.1</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
this happened silently; now the error will be logged to
the newly-created "cname" log category.
</p></li>
+<li><p>
+ If named is not configured to validate the answer then
+ allow fallback to plain DNS on timeout even when we know
+ the server supports EDNS. This will allow the server to
+ potentially resolve signed queries when TCP is being
+ blocked.
+ </p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
it did not always try plain DNS. This has been corrected.
[RT #37965]
</p></li>
+<li><p>
+ A regression caused nsupdate to use the default recursive servers
+ rather than the SOA MNAME server when sending the UPDATE.
+ </p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">