.RS 4
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this helps to prevent duplicate
\fBnamed\fR
-instances from running simultaneously. If not specified via this option, the default lockfile is
-\fI/var/run/named/named.lock\fR.
+instances from running simultaneously. Use of this option overrides the
+\fBlock\-file\fR
+option in
+\fInamed.conf\fR. If set to
+none, the lock file check is disabled.
.RE
.PP
\-x \fIcache\-file\fR
<dd><p>
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> instances
- from running simultaneously. If not specified via this option,
- the default lockfile is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
+ from running simultaneously.
+ Use of this option overrides the <span><strong class="command">lock-file</strong></span>
+ option in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
+ If set to <code class="literal">none</code>, the lock file check
+ is disabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2544288"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
+<a name="id2544295"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2544404"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<a name="id2544411"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2544440"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2544448"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2544480"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2544487"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2544550"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2544557"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec.dynamic.zones">DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612257">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563620">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563656">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563835">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563873">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563885">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585559">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585586">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585595">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585605">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585618">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585655">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585665">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612307">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612344">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563706">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563885">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563991">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2564004">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573594">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573621">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573630">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573640">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573721">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573758">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573768">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#rfc5011.support">Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612043">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612066">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573796">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573818">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#pkcs11">PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585946">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585956">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612385">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639633">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639669">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639886">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639934">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2667165">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2667175">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612435">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639751">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639787">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640073">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640121">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dlz-info">DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640068">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612220">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640254">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612270">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2571523">IPv6 Support in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
from insecure to signed and back again. A secure zone can use
either NSEC or NSEC3 chains.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612257"></a>Converting from insecure to secure</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612307"></a>Converting from insecure to secure</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>Changing a zone from insecure to secure can be done in two
ways: using a dynamic DNS update, or the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option.</p>
well. An NSEC chain will be generated as part of the initial
signing process.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2563620"></a>Dynamic DNS update method</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612344"></a>Dynamic DNS update method</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>To insert the keys via dynamic update:</p>
<pre class="screen">
% nsupdate
<p>While the initial signing and NSEC/NSEC3 chain generation
is happening, other updates are possible as well.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2563656"></a>Fully automatic zone signing</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2563706"></a>Fully automatic zone signing</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>To enable automatic signing, add the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> option to the zone statement in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
configuration. If this has not been done, the configuration will
fail.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2563835"></a>Private-type records</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2563885"></a>Private-type records</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>The state of the signing process is signaled by
private-type records (with a default type value of 65534). When
signing is complete, these records will have a nonzero value for
<p>
</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2563873"></a>DNSKEY rollovers</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2563991"></a>DNSKEY rollovers</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>As with insecure-to-secure conversions, rolling DNSSEC
keys can be done in two ways: using a dynamic DNS update, or the
<span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2563885"></a>Dynamic DNS update method</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2564004"></a>Dynamic DNS update method</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p> To perform key rollovers via dynamic update, you need to add
the <code class="filename">K*</code> files for the new keys so that
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> can find them. You can then add the new
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will clean out any signatures generated
by the old key after the update completes.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585559"></a>Automatic key rollovers</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573594"></a>Automatic key rollovers</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>When a new key reaches its activation date (as set by
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> or <span><strong class="command">dnssec-settime</strong></span>),
if the <span><strong class="command">auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option is set to
completes in 30 days, after which it will be safe to remove the
old key from the DNSKEY RRset.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585586"></a>NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573621"></a>NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>Add the new NSEC3PARAM record via dynamic update. When the
new NSEC3 chain has been generated, the NSEC3PARAM flag field
will be zero. At this point you can remove the old NSEC3PARAM
record. The old chain will be removed after the update request
completes.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585595"></a>Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573630"></a>Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>To do this, you just need to add an NSEC3PARAM record. When
the conversion is complete, the NSEC chain will have been removed
and the NSEC3PARAM record will have a zero flag field. The NSEC3
chain will be generated before the NSEC chain is
destroyed.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585605"></a>Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573640"></a>Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>To do this, use <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> to
remove all NSEC3PARAM records with a zero flag
field. The NSEC chain will be generated before the NSEC3 chain is
removed.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585618"></a>Converting from secure to insecure</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573721"></a>Converting from secure to insecure</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>To convert a signed zone to unsigned using dynamic DNS,
delete all the DNSKEY records from the zone apex using
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>. All signatures, NSEC or NSEC3 chains,
<span><strong class="command">allow</strong></span> instead (or it will re-sign).
</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585655"></a>Periodic re-signing</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573758"></a>Periodic re-signing</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>In any secure zone which supports dynamic updates, named
will periodically re-sign RRsets which have not been re-signed as
a result of some update action. The signature lifetimes will be
adjusted so as to spread the re-sign load over time rather than
all at once.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585665"></a>NSEC3 and OPTOUT</h3></div></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573768"></a>NSEC3 and OPTOUT</h3></div></div></div></div>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> only supports creating new NSEC3 chains
where all the NSEC3 records in the zone have the same OPTOUT
configuration files.</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612043"></a>Validating Resolver</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573796"></a>Validating Resolver</h3></div></div></div>
<p>To configure a validating resolver to use RFC 5011 to
maintain a trust anchor, configure the trust anchor using a
<span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> statement. Information about
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612066"></a>Authoritative Server</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2573818"></a>Authoritative Server</h3></div></div></div>
<p>To set up an authoritative zone for RFC 5011 trust anchor
maintenance, generate two (or more) key signing keys (KSKs) for
the zone. Sign the zone with one of them; this is the "active"
</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585946"></a>Prerequisites</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2667165"></a>Prerequisites</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
See the documentation provided by your HSM vendor for
information about installing, initializing, testing and
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2585956"></a>Native PKCS#11</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2667175"></a>Native PKCS#11</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Native PKCS#11 mode will only work with an HSM capable of carrying
out <span class="emphasis"><em>every</em></span> cryptographic operation BIND 9 may
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612318"></a>Building SoftHSMv2</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612369"></a>Building SoftHSMv2</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
SoftHSMv2, the latest development version of SoftHSM, is available
from
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612385"></a>OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612435"></a>OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
OpenSSL-based PKCS#11 mode uses a modified version of the
OpenSSL library; stock OpenSSL does not fully support PKCS#11.
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612422"></a>Patching OpenSSL</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612472"></a>Patching OpenSSL</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>wget <a href="" target="_top">http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8zc.tar.gz</a></code></strong>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612481"></a>Building OpenSSL for the AEP Keyper on Linux</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612599"></a>Building OpenSSL for the AEP Keyper on Linux</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The AEP Keyper is a highly secure key storage device,
but does not provide hardware cryptographic acceleration. It
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612755"></a>Building OpenSSL for the SCA 6000 on Solaris</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612805"></a>Building OpenSSL for the SCA 6000 on Solaris</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The SCA-6000 PKCS#11 provider is installed as a system
library, libpkcs11. It is a true crypto accelerator, up to 4
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2612804"></a>Building OpenSSL for SoftHSM</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612922"></a>Building OpenSSL for SoftHSM</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
SoftHSM (version 1) is a software library developed by the
OpenDNSSEC project
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2639447"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for Linux with the AEP Keyper</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2639634"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for Linux with the AEP Keyper</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
To link with the PKCS#11 provider, threads must be
enabled in the BIND 9 build.
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2639547"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for Solaris with the SCA 6000</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2639666"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for Solaris with the SCA 6000</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
To link with the PKCS#11 provider, threads must be
enabled in the BIND 9 build.
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2639584"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for SoftHSM</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2639702"></a>Configuring BIND 9 for SoftHSM</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd ../bind9</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>./configure --enable-threads \
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2639633"></a>PKCS#11 Tools</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2639751"></a>PKCS#11 Tools</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9 includes a minimal set of tools to operate the
HSM, including
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2639669"></a>Using the HSM</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2639787"></a>Using the HSM</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
For OpenSSL-based PKCS#11, we must first set up the runtime
environment so the OpenSSL and PKCS#11 libraries can be loaded:
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2639886"></a>Specifying the engine on the command line</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2640073"></a>Specifying the engine on the command line</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
When using OpenSSL-based PKCS#11, the "engine" to be used by
OpenSSL can be specified in <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> and all of
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2639934"></a>Running named with automatic zone re-signing</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2640121"></a>Running named with automatic zone re-signing</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
If you want <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to dynamically re-sign zones
using HSM keys, and/or to to sign new records inserted via nsupdate,
</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2640068"></a>Configuring DLZ</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2640254"></a>Configuring DLZ</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
A DLZ database is configured with a <span><strong class="command">dlz</strong></span>
statement in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>:
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2612220"></a>Sample DLZ Driver</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612270"></a>Sample DLZ Driver</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
For guidance in implementation of DLZ modules, the directory
<code class="filename">contrib/dlz/example</code> contains a basic
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592689"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592466"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593106"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592883"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593159"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592936"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593594"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593371"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595542"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595319"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2599304">Zone File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2599081">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601466">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601175">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602082">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602209">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602
550"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601859">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602054">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602
259"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
[<span class="optional"> cache-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
[<span class="optional"> dump-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
[<span class="optional"> bindkeys-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
+ [<span class="optional"> lock-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
[<span class="optional"> secroots-file <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
[<span class="optional"> session-keyfile <em class="replaceable"><code>path_name</code></em>; </span>]
[<span class="optional"> session-keyname <em class="replaceable"><code>key_name</code></em>; </span>]
usage statistics to on exit. If not specified,
the default is <code class="filename">named.memstats</code>.
</p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lock-file</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ The pathname of a file on which <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will
+ attempt to acquire a file lock when starting up for
+ the first time; if unsuccessful, the server will
+ will terminate, under the assumption that another
+ server is already running. If not specified, the default is
+ <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Specifying <span><strong class="command">lock-file none</strong></span> disables the
+ use of a lock file. <span><strong class="command">lock-file</strong></span> is
+ ignored if named was run using the <code class="option">-X</code>
+ option, which overrides it. Changes to
+ <span><strong class="command">lock-file</strong></span> are ignored if
+ <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is being reloaded or
+ reconfigured; it is only effective when the server is
+ first started up.
+ </p>
+</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pid-file</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2584397"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2584516"></a>Forwarding</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide
cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2584524"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2584574"></a>Dual-stack Servers</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work
around
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2585352"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2585402"></a>Interfaces</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
from may be specified using the <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> option. <span><strong class="command">listen-on</strong></span> takes
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2586780"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2586557"></a>UDP Port Lists</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">use-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
<span><strong class="command">avoid-v4-udp-ports</strong></span>,
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2586840"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2586617"></a>Operating System Resource Limits</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The server's usage of many system resources can be limited.
Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2587197"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2587043"></a>Periodic Task Intervals</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cleaning-interval</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2590129"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2589906"></a>Content Filtering</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 provides the ability to filter
out DNS responses from external DNS servers containing
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2590323"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2590032"></a>Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Rewriting</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 includes a limited
mechanism to modify DNS responses for requests
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2591168"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2591013"></a>Response Rate Limiting</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Excessive almost identical UDP <span class="emphasis"><em>responses</em></span>
can be controlled by configuring a
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2592689"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
+<a name="id2592466"></a><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> statement
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2593106"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
+<a name="id2592883"></a><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> statement defines
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2593159"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2592936"></a><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> {
<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ;
[<span class="optional"> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> initial-key <em class="replaceable"><code>flags</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>key-data</code></em> ; [<span class="optional">...</span>]</span>]
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2593594"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2593371"></a><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> statement is a powerful
feature
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2595542"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2595319"></a><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2595549"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2595326"></a>Zone Types</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2596226"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2596003"></a>Class</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The zone's name may optionally be followed by a class. If
a class is not specified, class <code class="literal">IN</code> (for <code class="varname">Internet</code>),
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2596259"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2596036"></a>Zone Options</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">allow-notify</strong></span></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2599256"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2598965"></a>Multiple views</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
When multiple views are in use, a zone may be
referenced by more than one of them. Often, the views
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2599304"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2599081"></a>Zone File</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them"></a>Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</h3></div></div></div>
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2599322"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2599099"></a>Resource Records</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
A domain name identifies a node. Each node has a set of
resource information, which may be empty. The set of resource
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2600877"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2600723"></a>Textual expression of RRs</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2601466"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2601175"></a>Discussion of MX Records</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
As described above, domain servers store information as a
series of resource records, each of which contains a particular
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2602082"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2601859"></a>Inverse Mapping in IPv4</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
to name) is achieved by means of the <span class="emphasis"><em>in-addr.arpa</em></span> domain
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2602209"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602054"></a>Other Zone File Directives</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2602231"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602076"></a>The <span><strong class="command">@</strong></span> (at-sign)</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
When used in the label (or name) field, the asperand or
at-sign (@) symbol represents the current origin.
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2602247"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602092"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$ORIGIN</strong></span>
<em class="replaceable"><code>domain-name</code></em>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2602376"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602153"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$INCLUDE</strong></span>
<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2602445"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602222"></a>The <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span> Directive</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$TTL</strong></span>
<em class="replaceable"><code>default-ttl</code></em>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2602
550"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2602
259"></a><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Syntax: <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span>
<em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em>
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2603612"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2603458"></a>Name Server Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2605181"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2604958"></a>Zone Maintenance Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2605633"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2605410"></a>Resolver Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2606586"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2606432"></a>Socket I/O Statistics Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
types, which are
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2607096"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2606873"></a>Compatibility with <span class="emphasis"><em>BIND</em></span> 8 Counters</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Most statistics counters that were available
in <span><strong class="command">BIND</strong></span> 8 are also supported in
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607643"><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607420"><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607793">The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607852">Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607501">The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607561">Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2607643"></a><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span>
+<a name="id2607420"></a><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
On UNIX servers, it is possible to run <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2607793"></a>The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607501"></a>The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
In order for a <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> environment
to
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2607852"></a>Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607561"></a>Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Prior to running the <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> daemon,
use
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608001">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608006">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608018">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608035">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607641">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607646">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607795">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607812">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2608001"></a>Common Problems</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607641"></a>Common Problems</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2608006"></a>It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607646"></a>It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The best solution to solving installation and
configuration issues is to take preventative measures by setting
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2608018"></a>Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607795"></a>Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Zone serial numbers are just numbers — they aren't
date related. A lot of people set them to a number that
</div>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2608035"></a>Where Can I Get Help?</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2607812"></a>Where Can I Get Help?</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
The Internet Systems Consortium
(<acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym>) offers a wide range
<div class="appendix" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Appendix A. Release Notes</h2></div></div></div>
-<div class="toc">
-<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
-<dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2585697">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
-</dl></dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-<div class="sect1" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2585697"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</h2></div></div></div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- This document summarizes changes since the last production release
- of BIND on the corresponding major release branch.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
- <a href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
- There you will find additional information about each release,
- source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
- operating systems.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li>
-<p>
- On servers configured to perform DNSSEC validation using
- managed trust anchors (i.e., keys configured explicitly
- via <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>, or implicitly
- via <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation auto;</strong></span> or
- <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside auto;</strong></span>), revoking
- a trust anchor and sending a new untrusted replacement
- could cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to crash with an
- assertion failure. This could occur in the event of a
- botched key rollover, or potentially as a result of a
- deliberate attack if the attacker was in position to
- monitor the victim's DNS traffic.
- </p>
-<p>
- This flaw was discovered by Jan-Piet Mens, and is
- disclosed in CVE-2015-1349. [RT #38344]
- </p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
- A flaw in delegation handling could be exploited to put
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> into an infinite loop, in which
- each lookup of a name server triggered additional lookups
- of more name servers. This has been addressed by placing
- limits on the number of levels of recursion
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will allow (default 7), and
- on the number of queries that it will send before
- terminating a recursive query (default 50).
- </p>
-<p>
- The recursion depth limit is configured via the
- <code class="option">max-recursion-depth</code> option, and the query limit
- via the <code class="option">max-recursion-queries</code> option.
- </p>
-<p>
- The flaw was discovered by Florian Maury of ANSSI, and is
- disclosed in CVE-2014-8500. [RT #37580]
- </p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
- Two separate problems were identified in BIND's GeoIP code that
- could lead to an assertion failure. One was triggered by use of
- both IPv4 and IPv6 address families, the other by referencing
- a GeoIP database in <code class="filename">named.conf</code> which was
- not installed. Both are covered by CVE-2014-8680. [RT #37672]
- [RT #37679]
- </p>
-<p>
- A less serious security flaw was also found in GeoIP: changes
- to the <span><strong class="command">geoip-directory</strong></span> option in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code> were ignored when running
- <span><strong class="command">rndc reconfig</strong></span>. In theory, this could allow
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to allow access to unintended clients.
- </p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- The serial number of a dynamically updatable zone can
- now be set using
- <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -serial <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
- This is particularly useful with <code class="option">inline-signing</code>
- zones that have been reset. Setting the serial number to a value
- larger than that on the slaves will trigger an AXFR-style
- transfer.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When answering recursive queries, SERVFAIL responses can now be
- cached by the server for a limited time; subsequent queries for
- the same query name and type will return another SERVFAIL until
- the cache times out. This reduces the frequency of retries
- when a query is persistently failing, which can be a burden
- on recursive serviers. The SERVFAIL cache timeout is controlled
- by <code class="option">servfail-ttl</code>, which defaults to 10 seconds
- and has an upper limit of 30.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The new <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span> command can now be used to
- set a "negative trust anchor" (NTA), disabling DNSSEC validation for
- a specific domain; this can be used when responses from a domain
- are known to be failing validation due to administrative error
- rather than because of a spoofing attack. NTAs are strictly
- temporary; by default they expire after one hour, but can be
- configured to last up to one week. The default NTA lifetime
- can be changed by setting the <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. When added, NTAs are stored in a
- file (<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em>.nta</code>)
- in order to persist across restarts of the named server.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for
- authoritative servers; if a query contains an ECS option then
- ACLs containing <code class="option">geoip</code> or <code class="option">ecs</code>
- elements can match against the the address encoded in the option.
- This can be used to select a view for a query, so that different
- answers can be provided depending on the client network.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client
- side, allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer
- correctly when transferring zone data from another slave
- server.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- A new <code class="option">masterfile-style</code> zone option controls
- the formatting of text zone files: When set to
- <code class="literal">full</code>, the zone file will dumped in
- single-line-per-record format.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsopt</strong></span> can now be used to set
- arbitrary EDNS options in DNS requests.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsflags</strong></span> can now be used to set
- yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags in DNS requests.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +[no]ednsnegotiation</strong></span> can now be used enable /
- disable EDNS version negotiation.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +header-only</strong></span> can now be used to send
- queries without a question section.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ttlunits</strong></span> causes <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
- to print TTL values with time-unit suffixes: w, d, h, m, s for
- weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +zflag</strong></span> can be used to set the last
- unassigned DNS header flag bit. This bit in normally zero.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +dscp=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></strong></span>
- can now be used to set the DSCP code point in outgoing query
- packets.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <code class="option">serial-update-method</code> can now be set to
- <code class="literal">date</code>. On update, the serial number will
- be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN format.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -N date</strong></span> also sets the serial
- number to YYYYMMDDNN.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">named -L <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></strong></span>
- causes named to send log messages to the specified file by
- default instead of to the system log.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The rate limiter configured by the
- <code class="option">serial-query-rate</code> option no longer covers
- NOTIFY messages; those are now separately controlled by
- <code class="option">notify-rate</code> and
- <code class="option">startup-notify-rate</code> (the latter of which
- controls the rate of NOTIFY messages sent when the server
- is first started up or reconfigured).
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The default number of tasks and client objects available
- for serving lightweight resolver queries have been increased,
- and are now configurable via the new <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code>
- and <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> options in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. [RT #35857]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Log output to files can now be buffered by specifying
- <span><strong class="command">buffered yes;</strong></span> when creating a channel.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">delv +tcp</strong></span> will exclusively use TCP when
- sending queries.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will now check to see whether
- other name server processes are running before starting up.
- This is implemented in two ways: 1) by refusing to start
- if the configured network interfaces all return "address
- in use", and 2) by acquiring a file lock on
- <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>, or on a different
- file specified via the <span><strong class="command">named -X</strong></span> command
- line option.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span> can now be applied to zones
- which were configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>;
- it is no longer restricted to zones which were added by
- <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>. (Note, however, that
- this does not edit <code class="filename">named.conf</code>; the zone
- must be removed from the configuration or it will return
- when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is restarted or reloaded.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc modzone</strong></span> can be used to reconfigure
- a zone, using similar syntax to <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc showzone</strong></span> displays the current
- configuration for a specified zone.
- </p></li>
-<li>
-<p>
- Added server-side support for pipelined TCP queries. Clients
- may continue sending queries via TCP while previous queries are
- processed in parallel. Responses are sent when they are
- ready, not necessarily in the order in which the queries were
- received.
- </p>
-<p>
- To revert to the former behavior for a particular
- client address or range of addresses, specify the address prefix
- in the "keep-response-order" option. To revert to the former
- behavior for all clients, use "keep-response-order { any; };".
- </p>
-</li>
-<li><p>
- The new <span><strong class="command">mdig</strong></span> command is a version of
- <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> that sends multiple pipelined
- queries and then waits for responses, instead of sending one
- query and waiting the response before sending the next. [RT #38261]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- To enable better monitoring and troubleshooting of RFC 5011
- trust anchor management, the new <span><strong class="command">rndc managed-keys</strong></span>
- can be used to check status of trust anchors or to force keys
- to be refreshed. Also, the managed-keys data file now has
- easier-to-read comments. [RT #38458]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- An <span><strong class="command">--enable-querytrace</strong></span> configure switch is
- now available to enable very verbose query tracelogging. This
- option can only be set at compile time. This option has a
- negative performance impact and should be used only for
- debugging.
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- ACLs containing <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum</strong></span> elements were
- not correctly matched unless the full organization name was
- specified in the ACL (as in
- <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234 Example, Inc.";</strong></span>).
- They can now match against the AS number alone (as in
- <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234";</strong></span>).
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When using native PKCS#11 cryptography (i.e.,
- <span><strong class="command">configure --enable-native-pkcs11</strong></span>) HSM PINs
- of up to 256 characters can now be used.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- NXDOMAIN responses to queries of type DS are now cached separately
- from those for other types. This helps when using "grafted" zones
- of type forward, for which the parent zone does not contain a
- delegation, such as local top-level domains. Previously a query
- of type DS for such a zone could cause the zone apex to be cached
- as NXDOMAIN, blocking all subsequent queries. (Note: This
- change is only helpful when DNSSEC validation is not enabled.
- "Grafted" zones without a delegation in the parent are not a
- recommended configuration.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing
- a single TCP connection to be shared between multiple updates.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- By default, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> will now check
- the correctness of hostnames when adding records of type
- A, AAAA, MX, SOA, NS, SRV or PTR. This behavior can be
- disabled with <span><strong class="command">check-names no</strong></span>.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Added support for OPENPGPKEY type.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The names of the files used to store managed keys and added
- zones for each view are no longer based on the SHA256 hash
- of the view name, except when this is necessary because the
- view name contains characters that would be incompatible with use
- as a file name. For views whose names do not contain forward
- slashes ('/'), backslashes ('\'), or capital letters - which
- could potentially cause namespace collision problems on
- case-insensitive filesystems - files will now be named
- after the view (for example, <code class="filename">internal.mkeys</code>
- or <code class="filename">external.nzf</code>). However, to ensure
- consistent behavior when upgrading, if a file using the old
- name format is found to exist, it will continue to be used.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- "rndc" can now return text output of arbitrary size to
- the caller. (Prior to this, certain commands such as
- "rndc tsig-list" and "rndc zonestatus" could return
- truncated output.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Errors reported when running <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
- (e.g., when a zone file cannot be loaded) have been clarified
- to make it easier to diagnose problems.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When encountering an authoritative name server whose name is
- an alias pointing to another name, the resolver treats
- this as an error and skips to the next server. Previously
- this happened silently; now the error will be logged to
- the newly-created "cname" log category.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- If named is not configured to validate the answer then
- allow fallback to plain DNS on timeout even when we know
- the server supports EDNS. This will allow the server to
- potentially resolve signed queries when TCP is being
- blocked.
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> and
- <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span> aborted when encountering
- a name which, after appending search list elements,
- exceeded 255 bytes. Such names are now skipped, but
- processing of other names will continue. [RT #36892]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The error message generated when
- <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span> or
- <span><strong class="command">named-checkconf -z</strong></span> encounters a
- <code class="option">$TTL</code> directive without a value has
- been clarified. [RT #37138]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Semicolon characters (;) included in TXT records were
- incorrectly escaped with a backslash when the record was
- displayed as text. This is actually only necessary when there
- are no quotation marks. [RT #37159]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When files opened for writing by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
- such as zone journal files, were referenced more than once
- in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it could lead to file
- corruption as multiple threads wrote to the same file. This
- is now detected when loading <code class="filename">named.conf</code>
- and reported as an error. [RT #37172]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When checking for updates to trust anchors listed in
- <code class="option">managed-keys</code>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
- now revalidates keys based on the current set of
- active trust anchors, without relying on any cached
- record of previous validation. [RT #37506]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Large-system tuning
- (<span><strong class="command">configure --with-tuning=large</strong></span>) caused
- problems on some platforms by setting a socket receive
- buffer size that was too large. This is now detected and
- corrected at run time. [RT #37187]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When NXDOMAIN redirection is in use, queries for a name
- that is present in the redirection zone but a type that
- is not present will now return NOERROR instead of NXDOMAIN.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Due to an inadvertent removal of code in the previous
- release, when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> encountered an
- authoritative name server which dropped all EDNS queries,
- it did not always try plain DNS. This has been corrected.
- [RT #37965]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- A regression caused nsupdate to use the default recursive servers
- rather than the SOA MNAME server when sending the UPDATE.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Adjusted max-recursion-queries to accommodate the smaller
- initial packet sizes used in BIND 9.10 and higher when
- contacting authoritative servers for the first time.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Built-in "empty" zones did not correctly inherit the
- "allow-transfer" ACL from the options or view. [RT #38310]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Two leaks were fixed that could cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
- processes to grow to very large sizes. [RT #38454]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Fixed some bugs in RFC 5011 trust anchor management,
- including a memory leak and a possible loss of state
- information. [RT #38458]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Asynchronous zone loads were not handled correctly when the
- zone load was already in progress; this could trigger a crash
- in zt.c. [RT #37573]
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The end of life for BIND 9.11 is yet to be determined but
- will not be before BIND 9.13.0 has been released for 6 months.
- <a href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
- If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
- make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
- <a href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
- </p>
-</div>
-</div>
+<font color="red"><xi:include></xi:include></font>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id2611
554">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id2611
331">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</p>
<div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2608530"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2608375"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
609"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
386"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC974</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Partridge</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Mail Routing and the Domain System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1986. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
632"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
409"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1034</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
656"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
+<a name="id2608
433"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1035</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names — Implementation and
Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="proposed_standards"></a>Proposed Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
692"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
+<a name="id2608
469"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2181</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R., R. Bush</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Clarifications to the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Specification</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
718"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
+<a name="id2608
496"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2308</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Andrews</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Negative Caching of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Queries</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
744"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
521"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1995</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Ohta</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Incremental Zone Transfer in <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
769"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
546"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1996</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
792"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
569"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2136</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Rekhter</span>, and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Bound</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
848"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
625"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2671</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
874"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
651"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2672</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
901"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
678"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Transaction Authentication for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> (TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
963"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
740"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2930</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2608
993"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id2608
770"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2931</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id260
9022"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id260
8800"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3007</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id260
9049"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
+<a name="id260
8826"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3645</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Kwan</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Garg</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Gilroy</span>, <span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Westhead</span>, and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Hall</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
(GSS-TSIG)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Security Proposed Standards</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id260
9131"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
+<a name="id260
8908"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3225</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Conrad</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id260
9158"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
+<a name="id260
8935"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3833</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Atkins</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id260
9194"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
+<a name="id260
8971"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4033</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
259"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
036"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4034</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
324"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
+<a name="id2609
101"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4035</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Arends</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Austein</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Larson</span>, <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Protocol Modifications for the DNS
Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2005. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="title">Other Important RFCs About <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Implementation</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
398"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
+<a name="id2609
175"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1535</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Gavron</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
Deployed <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Software</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
424"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
+<a name="id2609
201"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1536</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Kumar</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Neuman</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Danzig</span>, and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Miller</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Implementation
Errors and Suggested Fixes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
492"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
269"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1982</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Elz</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Bush</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Serial Number Arithmetic</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
527"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
+<a name="id2609
304"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC4074</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Y.</span> <span class="surname">Morishita</span> and <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Jinmei</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common Misbehaviour Against <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
Queries for IPv6 Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2005. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Resource Record Types</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
573"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
350"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1183</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.F.</span> <span class="surname">Everhart</span>, <span class="firstname">L. A.</span> <span class="surname">Mamakos</span>, <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Ullmann</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>New <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR Definitions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1990. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
630"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
408"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1706</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Colella</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> NSAP Resource Records</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
668"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
+<a name="id2609
513"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2168</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
771"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
+<a name="id2609
548"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1876</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Davis</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span>, and <span class="firstname">I.</span> <span class="surname">Dickinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
Domain
Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
826"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
+<a name="id2609
603"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2052</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> RR for Specifying the
Location of
Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
864"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
+<a name="id2609
641"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2163</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Allocchio</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Internet <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> to
Distribute MIXER
Conformant Global Address Mapping</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
890"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
667"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2230</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Atkinson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Key Exchange Delegation Record for the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym></i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
915"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
692"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2536</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
942"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
719"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2609
969"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id2609
746"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2538</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10008"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09785"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2539</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10038"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09815"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2540</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10068"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09845"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2782</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gulbrandsen</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">L.</span> <span class="surname">Esibov</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10110"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09888"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2915</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Mealling</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daniel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10144"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09921"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3110</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10170"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
+<a name="id26
09947"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Koch</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">June 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id26
10194"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
+<a name="id26
09971"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3596</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Thomson</span>, <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>, <span class="firstname">V.</span> <span class="surname">Ksinant</span>, and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Souissi</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Extensions to support IP
version 6</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
251"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
028"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3597</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Gustafsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2003. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and the Internet</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
283"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
+<a name="id2610
060"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1101</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P. V.</span> <span class="surname">Mockapetris</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Network Names
and Other Types</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1989. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
309"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
+<a name="id2610
086"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1123</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="surname">Braden</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
Support</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1989. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
331"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
108"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1591</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Postel</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
355"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
132"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2317</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">H.</span> <span class="surname">Eidnes</span>, <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">de Groot</span>, and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
401"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
178"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2826</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">Internet Architecture Board</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
424"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
201"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2929</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>, <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Brunner-Williams</span>, and <span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2000. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">
<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operations</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
482"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
259"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1033</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Lottor</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain administrators operations guide</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1987. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
505"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
+<a name="id2610
282"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1537</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Beertema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Data File
Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
532"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
+<a name="id2610
309"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1912</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Barr</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Common <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Operational and
Configuration Errors</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
558"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
336"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2010</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Manning</span> and <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Vixie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Operational Criteria for Root Name Servers</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1996. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
595"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
+<a name="id2610
372"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2219</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Hamilton</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Wright</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Use of <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Aliases for
Network Services</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">October 1997. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Internationalized Domain Names</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
641"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
+<a name="id2610
418"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2825</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="surname">IAB</span> and <span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Daigle</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
and the Other Internet protocols</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
673"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
450"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3490</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Faltstrom</span>, <span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span>, and <span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
718"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
496"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3491</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">P.</span> <span class="surname">Hoffman</span> and <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Blanchet</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
754"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
+<a name="id2610
531"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3492</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Costello</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode
for Internationalized Domain Names in
Applications (IDNA)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2003. </span></p>
</div>
</p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
798"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
+<a name="id2610
576"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1464</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">R.</span> <span class="surname">Rosenbaum</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
Attributes</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1993. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
821"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
598"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1713</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Romao</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Tools for <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Debugging</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
846"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
+<a name="id2610
624"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1794</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Brisco</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Support for Load
Balancing</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1995. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
872"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
649"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2240</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
896"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
673"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2345</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>, <span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Wolf</span>, and <span class="firstname">G.</span> <span class="surname">Oglesby</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
941"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
718"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2352</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Vaughan</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 1998. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
965"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
+<a name="id2610
742"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3071</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Klensin</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">February 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2610
992"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
+<a name="id2610
769"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3258</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">T.</span> <span class="surname">Hardie</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
Shared Unicast Addresses</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2002. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id261
1017"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
+<a name="id261
0794"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3901</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">A.</span> <span class="surname">Durand</span> and <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Ihren</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">September 2004. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliodiv">
<h3 class="title">Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC</h3>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id261
1061"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
+<a name="id261
0838"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC1712</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Farrell</span>, <span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Schulze</span>, <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Pleitner</span>, and <span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Baldoni</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Encoding of Geographical
Location</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 1994. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id261
1118"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id261
0896"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2673</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Binary Labels in the Domain Name System</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id261
1145"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
+<a name="id261
0922"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2874</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">M.</span> <span class="surname">Crawford</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Huitema</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation
and Renumbering</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">July 2000. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id261
1193"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id261
0970"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2065</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span> and <span class="firstname">C.</span> <span class="surname">Kaufman</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">January 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
233"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
010"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2137</abbr>] <span class="author"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 1997. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
259"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
036"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC2535</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Eastlake</span>, <span class="lineage">3rd</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security Extensions</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 1999. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
289"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
+<a name="id2611
066"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3008</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
Signing Authority</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2000. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
315"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
092"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3090</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">March 2001. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
341"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
118"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3445</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">D.</span> <span class="surname">Massey</span> and <span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Rose</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2002. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
378"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
155"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3655</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">B.</span> <span class="surname">Wellington</span> and <span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">November 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
414"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
191"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3658</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Gudmundsson</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">December 2003. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
441"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
218"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3755</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">S.</span> <span class="surname">Weiler</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS)</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">May 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
467"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
+<a name="id2611
244"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3757</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">O.</span> <span class="surname">Kolkman</span>, <span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>, and <span class="firstname">E.</span> <span class="surname">Lewis</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
(RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">April 2004. </span></p>
</div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
512"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
289"></a><p>[<abbr class="abbrev">RFC3845</abbr>] <span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">J.</span> <span class="surname">Schlyter</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format</i>. </span><span class="pubdate">August 2004. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2611
554"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
+<a name="id2611
331"></a>Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p></p>
<div class="bibliography">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2611563"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2611340"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="biblioentry">
-<a name="id2611
565"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
+<a name="id2611
342"></a><p><span class="authorgroup"><span class="firstname">Paul</span> <span class="surname">Albitz</span> and <span class="firstname">Cricket</span> <span class="surname">Liu</span>. </span><span class="title"><i><acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613194">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613204">Compilation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613228">Installation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614147">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614224">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614250">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2615291">Library References</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2612987">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2612997">Compilation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613021">Installation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613052">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613129">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613156">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614129">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613194"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612987"></a>Prerequisite</h3></div></div></div>
<p>GNU make is required to build the export libraries (other
part of BIND 9 can still be built with other types of make). In
the reminder of this document, "make" means GNU make. Note that
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613204"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2612997"></a>Compilation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>./configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2613228"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613021"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2614147"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613052"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>Currently, win32 is not supported for the export
library. (Normal BIND 9 application can be built as
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2614224"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613129"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
<p>The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file
related to the DNS library for configuration parameters that
would be beyond the capability of the
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2614250"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613156"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Some sample application programs using this API are
provided for reference. The following is a brief description of
these applications.
</p>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2614259"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613164"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
specified recursive server, and prints the result as a list of
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2614622"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613255"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2614676"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613308"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It sends a query to a specified server, and
prints the response with minimal processing. It doesn't act as a
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2614740"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613372"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
This is a test program
to check getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() behavior. It takes a
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2614755"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2613387"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It accepts a single update command as a
command-line argument, sends an update request message to the
</div>
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
-<a name="id2615227"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2614065"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
It checks a set
of domains to see the name servers of the domains behave
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="id2615291"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="id2614129"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
<p>As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" of the
libraries, except this document, header files (some of them
provide pretty detailed explanations), and sample application
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec.dynamic.zones">DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612257">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563620">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563656">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563835">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563873">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563885">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585559">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585586">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585595">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585605">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585618">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585655">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585665">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612307">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612344">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563706">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563885">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2563991">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2564004">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573594">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573621">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573630">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573640">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573721">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573758">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573768">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#rfc5011.support">Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612043">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612066">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573796">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2573818">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#pkcs11">PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585946">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2585956">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612385">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639633">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639669">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639886">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639934">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2667165">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2667175">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612435">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639751">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2639787">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640073">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640121">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dlz-info">DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640068">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612220">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2640254">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2612270">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id2571523">IPv6 Support in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592689"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592466"><span><strong class="command">statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593106"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592883"><span><strong class="command">trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593159"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2592936"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593594"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2593371"><span><strong class="command">view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span>
Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595542"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2595319"><span><strong class="command">zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2599304">Zone File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2599081">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601466">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601175">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602082">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602209">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602
550"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2601859">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602054">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#id2602
259"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span><strong class="command">$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">7. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607643"><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607420"><span><strong class="command">Chroot</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607793">The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607852">Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607501">The <span><strong class="command">chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id2607561">Using the <span><strong class="command">setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608001">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608006">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608018">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2608035">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607641">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607646">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607795">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id2607812">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html">A. Release Notes</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id2585697">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</a></span></dt>
-<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
-</dl></dd>
-</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">B. A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#historical_dns_information"></a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html">C. General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id2611
554">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id2611
331">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613194">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613204">Compilation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613228">Installation</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614147">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614224">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614250">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
-<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2615291">Library References</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2612987">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2612997">Compilation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613021">Installation</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613052">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613129">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2613156">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id2614129">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">arpaname</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>ipaddress </code></em>...}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622504"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2622992"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">arpaname</strong></span> translates IP addresses (IPv4 and
IPv6) to the corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA or IP6.ARPA names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622519"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2623006"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669159"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2664663"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">ddns-confgen</code> [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomfile</code></em></code>] [ -s <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> | -z <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> ]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664759"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2663676"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">tsig-keygen</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">ddns-confgen</strong></span>
are invocation methods for a utility that generates keys for use
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2664862"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2664053"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2665898"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2664269"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nsupdate</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2665937"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2664308"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delv</code> [queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618094"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2616044"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
(Domain Entity Lookup & Validation) is a tool for sending
DNS queries and validating the results, using the the same internal
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618372"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
+<a name="id2616868"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
<p>
A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span> looks like:
</p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2618503"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2616999"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2673666"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2672503"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">delv</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2674264"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2673033"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code></p>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2674283"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2673052"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC4034</em>,
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615694"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2614259"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
(domain information groper) is a flexible tool
for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615797"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
+<a name="id2614361"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
<p>
A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
</p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2615991"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2614965"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2667501"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2667636"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
provides a number of query options which affect
the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2668925"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
+<a name="id2669060"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669079"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
+<a name="id2669145"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672521"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2669174"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672542"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2669195"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2672580"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
+<a name="id2671281"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</code> [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>dig path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>dsfromkey path</code></em></code>] {zone}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619051"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2617752"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-checkds</strong></span>
verifies the correctness of Delegation Signer (DS) or DNSSEC
Lookaside Validation (DLV) resource records for keys in a specified
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619065"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2617766"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619168"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2617868"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-dsfromkey</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619406"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2618107"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-coverage</code> [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>length</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>DNSKEY TTL</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>max TTL</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>compilezone path</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [zone]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619549"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2618250"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-coverage</strong></span>
verifies that the DNSSEC keys for a given zone or a set of zones
have timing metadata set properly to ensure no future lapses in DNSSEC
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619576"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2618277"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620363"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2618791"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-checkds</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-dsfromkey</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620407"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2618835"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621276"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2619909"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-dsfromkey</strong></span>
outputs the Delegation Signer (DS) resource record (RR), as defined in
RFC 3658 and RFC 4509, for the given key(s).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621290"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2619923"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-1</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621553"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2620185"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
To build the SHA-256 DS RR from the
<strong class="userinput"><code>Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622613"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2620221"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p>
The keyfile can be designed by the key identification
<code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code> or the full file name
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622654"></a><h2>CAVEAT</h2>
+<a name="id2620263"></a><h2>CAVEAT</h2>
<p>
A keyfile error can give a "file not found" even if the file exists.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622664"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2620273"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622772"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2621404"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-importkey</code> {<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>} [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">dnsname</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621844"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2620613"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-importkey</strong></span>
reads a public DNSKEY record and generates a pair of
.key/.private files. The DNSKEY record may be read from an
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2621872"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2620641"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622009"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2620778"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622261"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2620825"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p>
A keyfile can be designed by the key identification
<code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code> or the full file name
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622286"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2620851"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2622320"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2620884"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</code> {-l <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em>} [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y</code>] {name}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2623129"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2621489"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span>
generates a key pair of files that referencing a key object stored
in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The private key
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2623155"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2621514"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2637481"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2674411"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2674603"></a><h2>GENERATED KEY FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2674601"></a><h2>GENERATED KEY FILES</h2>
<p>
When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> completes
successfully,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2674697"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2674763"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2674734"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2674801"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keygen</code> [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-C</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {name}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2624453"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2622471"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
and RFC 4034. It can also generate keys for use with
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2624473"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2622491"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675197"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2675332"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675319"></a><h2>GENERATED KEYS</h2>
+<a name="id2675453"></a><h2>GENERATED KEYS</h2>
<p>
When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> completes
successfully,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675495"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2675629"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain
<strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675620"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2675754"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2539</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2675651"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2675785"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-revoke</code> [<code class="option">-hr</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] {keyfile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2638286"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2636782"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-revoke</strong></span>
reads a DNSSEC key file, sets the REVOKED bit on the key as defined
in RFC 5011, and creates a new pair of key files containing the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2638300"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2636796"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640145"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2636934"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 5011</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640169"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2637095"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-settime</code> [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] {keyfile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640356"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2637282"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-settime</strong></span>
reads a DNSSEC private key file and sets the key timing metadata
as specified by the <code class="option">-P</code>, <code class="option">-A</code>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640414"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2637340"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640622"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2637548"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2640829"></a><h2>PRINTING OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2643626"></a><h2>PRINTING OPTIONS</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-settime</strong></span> can also be used to print the
timing metadata associated with a key.
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644937"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2643706"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644970"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2643739"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-Q</code>] [<code class="option">-R</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644627"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2643805"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
signs a zone. It generates
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2644646"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2643825"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677115"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2677181"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
%</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677194"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2677260"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4641</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677222"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2677288"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-verify</code> [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645265"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2644238"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-verify</strong></span>
verifies that a zone is fully signed for each algorithm found
in the DNSKEY RRset for the zone, and that the NSEC / NSEC3
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645278"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2644252"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645462"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2644436"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645488"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2644666"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">genrandom</code> [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>] {<em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669256"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2623049"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">genrandom</strong></span>
generates a file or a set of files containing a specified quantity
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669271"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
+<a name="id2623064"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669332"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665109"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rand</span>(3)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">arc4random</span>(3)</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669358"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665136"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">host</code> [<code class="option">-aCdlnrsTwv</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] {name} [server]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2616851"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2615210"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619257"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
+<a name="id2617958"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619286"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2617987"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619300"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2618001"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">isc-hmac-fixup</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>secret</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2623745"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2623345"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
Versions of BIND 9 up to and including BIND 9.6 had a bug causing
HMAC-SHA* TSIG keys which were longer than the digest length of the
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669443"></a><h2>SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2665220"></a><h2>SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS</h2>
<p>
Secrets that have been converted by <span><strong class="command">isc-hmac-fixup</strong></span>
are shortened, but as this is how the HMAC protocol works in
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669459"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665236"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669476"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665253"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkconf</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-j</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] {filename} [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645792"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2644765"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span>
checks the syntax, but not the semantics, of a
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file. The file is parsed
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2645862"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2644836"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2646086"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
+<a name="id2645060"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span>
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2646100"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2645074"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2646130"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2645104"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-compilezone</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-j</code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-C <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-F <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-J <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>style</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-w <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code>] {<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>} {zonename} {filename}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677380"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2685501"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>
checks the syntax and integrity of a zone file. It performs the
same checks as <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> does when loading a
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2677430"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2685552"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678400"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
+<a name="id2686521"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span>
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678413"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2686535"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2678446"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2686568"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-journalprint</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>journal</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2619856"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2619660"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">named-journalprint</strong></span>
prints the contents of a zone journal file in a human-readable
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2648846"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2654249"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nsupdate</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2648877"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2654280"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-rrchecker</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-C</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2652900"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2619800"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named-rrchecker</strong></span>
read a individual DNS resource record from standard input and checks if it
is syntactically correct.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2652956"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2654536"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>logfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>#listeners</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>lock-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2647880"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2653761"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2647911"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2653792"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
<dd><p>
<dd><p>
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> instances
- from running simultaneously. If not specified via this option,
- the default lockfile is <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>.
+ from running simultaneously.
+ Use of this option overrides the <span><strong class="command">lock-file</strong></span>
+ option in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
+ If set to <code class="literal">none</code>, the lock file check
+ is disabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2685803"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
+<a name="id2687053"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
<p>
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2685853"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<a name="id2687104"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2685902"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2687153"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2685946"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2687196"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2686017"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2687267"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsec3hash</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em>}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669521"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2665366"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">nsec3hash</strong></span> generates an NSEC3 hash based on
a set of NSEC3 parameters. This can be used to check the validity
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669536"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
+<a name="id2665381"></a><h2>ARGUMENTS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">salt</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669597"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665511"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 5155</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2669614"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665528"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2654909"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2654851"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
to a name server.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2654998"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2655895"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2691281"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
+<a name="id2687536"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2692422"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
+<a name="id2688745"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2692540"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
+<a name="id2688795"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2692627"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2688882"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2692684"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
+<a name="id2688939"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc-confgen</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomfile</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>chrootdir</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>]</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663237"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2662427"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen</strong></span>
generates configuration files
for <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>. It can be used as a
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663303"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2663108"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
<dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663843"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
+<a name="id2663511"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
To allow <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> to be used with
no manual configuration, run
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663899"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2665001"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2666873"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2665040"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc.conf</code> </p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2620989"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2622637"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code> is the configuration file
for <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>, the BIND 9 name server control
utility. This file has a similar structure and syntax to
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2661712"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+<a name="id2661585"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<pre class="programlisting">
options {
default-server localhost;
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663062"></a><h2>NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION</h2>
+<a name="id2661706"></a><h2>NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION</h2>
<p>
The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and
to recognize the key specified in the <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663088"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2662141"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mmencode</span>(1)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2663126"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2662180"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></code>] {command}</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659195"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<a name="id2658386"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
controls the operation of a name
server. It supersedes the <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span> utility
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659245"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2658436"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2659605"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
+<a name="id2661116"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
<p>
A list of commands supported by <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> can
be seen by running <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> without arguments.
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2694974"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
+<a name="id2690752"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
<p>
There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a
<code class="option">key_id</code> without using the configuration file.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2694993"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+<a name="id2690770"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2695048"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
+<a name="id2690825"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
<title></title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
</head>
-<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="article" lang="en"><div class="sect1" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="id2542125"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.0pre-alpha</h2></div></div></div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- This document summarizes changes since the last production release
- of BIND on the corresponding major release branch.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
- <a href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
- There you will find additional information about each release,
- source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
- operating systems.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li>
-<p>
- On servers configured to perform DNSSEC validation using
- managed trust anchors (i.e., keys configured explicitly
- via <span><strong class="command">managed-keys</strong></span>, or implicitly
- via <span><strong class="command">dnssec-validation auto;</strong></span> or
- <span><strong class="command">dnssec-lookaside auto;</strong></span>), revoking
- a trust anchor and sending a new untrusted replacement
- could cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to crash with an
- assertion failure. This could occur in the event of a
- botched key rollover, or potentially as a result of a
- deliberate attack if the attacker was in position to
- monitor the victim's DNS traffic.
- </p>
-<p>
- This flaw was discovered by Jan-Piet Mens, and is
- disclosed in CVE-2015-1349. [RT #38344]
- </p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
- A flaw in delegation handling could be exploited to put
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> into an infinite loop, in which
- each lookup of a name server triggered additional lookups
- of more name servers. This has been addressed by placing
- limits on the number of levels of recursion
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will allow (default 7), and
- on the number of queries that it will send before
- terminating a recursive query (default 50).
- </p>
-<p>
- The recursion depth limit is configured via the
- <code class="option">max-recursion-depth</code> option, and the query limit
- via the <code class="option">max-recursion-queries</code> option.
- </p>
-<p>
- The flaw was discovered by Florian Maury of ANSSI, and is
- disclosed in CVE-2014-8500. [RT #37580]
- </p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
- Two separate problems were identified in BIND's GeoIP code that
- could lead to an assertion failure. One was triggered by use of
- both IPv4 and IPv6 address families, the other by referencing
- a GeoIP database in <code class="filename">named.conf</code> which was
- not installed. Both are covered by CVE-2014-8680. [RT #37672]
- [RT #37679]
- </p>
-<p>
- A less serious security flaw was also found in GeoIP: changes
- to the <span><strong class="command">geoip-directory</strong></span> option in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code> were ignored when running
- <span><strong class="command">rndc reconfig</strong></span>. In theory, this could allow
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to allow access to unintended clients.
- </p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- The serial number of a dynamically updatable zone can
- now be set using
- <span><strong class="command">rndc signing -serial <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></strong></span>.
- This is particularly useful with <code class="option">inline-signing</code>
- zones that have been reset. Setting the serial number to a value
- larger than that on the slaves will trigger an AXFR-style
- transfer.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When answering recursive queries, SERVFAIL responses can now be
- cached by the server for a limited time; subsequent queries for
- the same query name and type will return another SERVFAIL until
- the cache times out. This reduces the frequency of retries
- when a query is persistently failing, which can be a burden
- on recursive serviers. The SERVFAIL cache timeout is controlled
- by <code class="option">servfail-ttl</code>, which defaults to 10 seconds
- and has an upper limit of 30.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The new <span><strong class="command">rndc nta</strong></span> command can now be used to
- set a "negative trust anchor" (NTA), disabling DNSSEC validation for
- a specific domain; this can be used when responses from a domain
- are known to be failing validation due to administrative error
- rather than because of a spoofing attack. NTAs are strictly
- temporary; by default they expire after one hour, but can be
- configured to last up to one week. The default NTA lifetime
- can be changed by setting the <code class="option">nta-lifetime</code> in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. When added, NTAs are stored in a
- file (<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>viewname</code></em>.nta</code>)
- in order to persist across restarts of the named server.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for
- authoritative servers; if a query contains an ECS option then
- ACLs containing <code class="option">geoip</code> or <code class="option">ecs</code>
- elements can match against the the address encoded in the option.
- This can be used to select a view for a query, so that different
- answers can be provided depending on the client network.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client
- side, allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer
- correctly when transferring zone data from another slave
- server.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- A new <code class="option">masterfile-style</code> zone option controls
- the formatting of text zone files: When set to
- <code class="literal">full</code>, the zone file will dumped in
- single-line-per-record format.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsopt</strong></span> can now be used to set
- arbitrary EDNS options in DNS requests.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ednsflags</strong></span> can now be used to set
- yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags in DNS requests.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +[no]ednsnegotiation</strong></span> can now be used enable /
- disable EDNS version negotiation.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +header-only</strong></span> can now be used to send
- queries without a question section.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +ttlunits</strong></span> causes <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
- to print TTL values with time-unit suffixes: w, d, h, m, s for
- weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +zflag</strong></span> can be used to set the last
- unassigned DNS header flag bit. This bit in normally zero.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig +dscp=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></strong></span>
- can now be used to set the DSCP code point in outgoing query
- packets.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <code class="option">serial-update-method</code> can now be set to
- <code class="literal">date</code>. On update, the serial number will
- be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN format.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone -N date</strong></span> also sets the serial
- number to YYYYMMDDNN.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">named -L <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></strong></span>
- causes named to send log messages to the specified file by
- default instead of to the system log.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The rate limiter configured by the
- <code class="option">serial-query-rate</code> option no longer covers
- NOTIFY messages; those are now separately controlled by
- <code class="option">notify-rate</code> and
- <code class="option">startup-notify-rate</code> (the latter of which
- controls the rate of NOTIFY messages sent when the server
- is first started up or reconfigured).
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The default number of tasks and client objects available
- for serving lightweight resolver queries have been increased,
- and are now configurable via the new <code class="option">lwres-tasks</code>
- and <code class="option">lwres-clients</code> options in
- <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. [RT #35857]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Log output to files can now be buffered by specifying
- <span><strong class="command">buffered yes;</strong></span> when creating a channel.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">delv +tcp</strong></span> will exclusively use TCP when
- sending queries.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will now check to see whether
- other name server processes are running before starting up.
- This is implemented in two ways: 1) by refusing to start
- if the configured network interfaces all return "address
- in use", and 2) by acquiring a file lock on
- <code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.lock</code>, or on a different
- file specified via the <span><strong class="command">named -X</strong></span> command
- line option.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc delzone</strong></span> can now be applied to zones
- which were configured in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>;
- it is no longer restricted to zones which were added by
- <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>. (Note, however, that
- this does not edit <code class="filename">named.conf</code>; the zone
- must be removed from the configuration or it will return
- when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is restarted or reloaded.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc modzone</strong></span> can be used to reconfigure
- a zone, using similar syntax to <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">rndc showzone</strong></span> displays the current
- configuration for a specified zone.
- </p></li>
-<li>
-<p>
- Added server-side support for pipelined TCP queries. Clients
- may continue sending queries via TCP while previous queries are
- processed in parallel. Responses are sent when they are
- ready, not necessarily in the order in which the queries were
- received.
- </p>
-<p>
- To revert to the former behavior for a particular
- client address or range of addresses, specify the address prefix
- in the "keep-response-order" option. To revert to the former
- behavior for all clients, use "keep-response-order { any; };".
- </p>
-</li>
-<li><p>
- The new <span><strong class="command">mdig</strong></span> command is a version of
- <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> that sends multiple pipelined
- queries and then waits for responses, instead of sending one
- query and waiting the response before sending the next. [RT #38261]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- To enable better monitoring and troubleshooting of RFC 5011
- trust anchor management, the new <span><strong class="command">rndc managed-keys</strong></span>
- can be used to check status of trust anchors or to force keys
- to be refreshed. Also, the managed-keys data file now has
- easier-to-read comments. [RT #38458]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- An <span><strong class="command">--enable-querytrace</strong></span> configure switch is
- now available to enable very verbose query tracelogging. This
- option can only be set at compile time. This option has a
- negative performance impact and should be used only for
- debugging.
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- ACLs containing <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum</strong></span> elements were
- not correctly matched unless the full organization name was
- specified in the ACL (as in
- <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234 Example, Inc.";</strong></span>).
- They can now match against the AS number alone (as in
- <span><strong class="command">geoip asnum "AS1234";</strong></span>).
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When using native PKCS#11 cryptography (i.e.,
- <span><strong class="command">configure --enable-native-pkcs11</strong></span>) HSM PINs
- of up to 256 characters can now be used.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- NXDOMAIN responses to queries of type DS are now cached separately
- from those for other types. This helps when using "grafted" zones
- of type forward, for which the parent zone does not contain a
- delegation, such as local top-level domains. Previously a query
- of type DS for such a zone could cause the zone apex to be cached
- as NXDOMAIN, blocking all subsequent queries. (Note: This
- change is only helpful when DNSSEC validation is not enabled.
- "Grafted" zones without a delegation in the parent are not a
- recommended configuration.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing
- a single TCP connection to be shared between multiple updates.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- By default, <span><strong class="command">nsupdate</strong></span> will now check
- the correctness of hostnames when adding records of type
- A, AAAA, MX, SOA, NS, SRV or PTR. This behavior can be
- disabled with <span><strong class="command">check-names no</strong></span>.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Added support for OPENPGPKEY type.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The names of the files used to store managed keys and added
- zones for each view are no longer based on the SHA256 hash
- of the view name, except when this is necessary because the
- view name contains characters that would be incompatible with use
- as a file name. For views whose names do not contain forward
- slashes ('/'), backslashes ('\'), or capital letters - which
- could potentially cause namespace collision problems on
- case-insensitive filesystems - files will now be named
- after the view (for example, <code class="filename">internal.mkeys</code>
- or <code class="filename">external.nzf</code>). However, to ensure
- consistent behavior when upgrading, if a file using the old
- name format is found to exist, it will continue to be used.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- "rndc" can now return text output of arbitrary size to
- the caller. (Prior to this, certain commands such as
- "rndc tsig-list" and "rndc zonestatus" could return
- truncated output.)
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Errors reported when running <span><strong class="command">rndc addzone</strong></span>
- (e.g., when a zone file cannot be loaded) have been clarified
- to make it easier to diagnose problems.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When encountering an authoritative name server whose name is
- an alias pointing to another name, the resolver treats
- this as an error and skips to the next server. Previously
- this happened silently; now the error will be logged to
- the newly-created "cname" log category.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- If named is not configured to validate the answer then
- allow fallback to plain DNS on timeout even when we know
- the server supports EDNS. This will allow the server to
- potentially resolve signed queries when TCP is being
- blocked.
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
-<li><p>
- <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> and
- <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span> aborted when encountering
- a name which, after appending search list elements,
- exceeded 255 bytes. Such names are now skipped, but
- processing of other names will continue. [RT #36892]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- The error message generated when
- <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span> or
- <span><strong class="command">named-checkconf -z</strong></span> encounters a
- <code class="option">$TTL</code> directive without a value has
- been clarified. [RT #37138]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Semicolon characters (;) included in TXT records were
- incorrectly escaped with a backslash when the record was
- displayed as text. This is actually only necessary when there
- are no quotation marks. [RT #37159]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When files opened for writing by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>,
- such as zone journal files, were referenced more than once
- in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, it could lead to file
- corruption as multiple threads wrote to the same file. This
- is now detected when loading <code class="filename">named.conf</code>
- and reported as an error. [RT #37172]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When checking for updates to trust anchors listed in
- <code class="option">managed-keys</code>, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
- now revalidates keys based on the current set of
- active trust anchors, without relying on any cached
- record of previous validation. [RT #37506]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Large-system tuning
- (<span><strong class="command">configure --with-tuning=large</strong></span>) caused
- problems on some platforms by setting a socket receive
- buffer size that was too large. This is now detected and
- corrected at run time. [RT #37187]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- When NXDOMAIN redirection is in use, queries for a name
- that is present in the redirection zone but a type that
- is not present will now return NOERROR instead of NXDOMAIN.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Due to an inadvertent removal of code in the previous
- release, when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> encountered an
- authoritative name server which dropped all EDNS queries,
- it did not always try plain DNS. This has been corrected.
- [RT #37965]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- A regression caused nsupdate to use the default recursive servers
- rather than the SOA MNAME server when sending the UPDATE.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Adjusted max-recursion-queries to accommodate the smaller
- initial packet sizes used in BIND 9.10 and higher when
- contacting authoritative servers for the first time.
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Built-in "empty" zones did not correctly inherit the
- "allow-transfer" ACL from the options or view. [RT #38310]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Two leaks were fixed that could cause <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
- processes to grow to very large sizes. [RT #38454]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Fixed some bugs in RFC 5011 trust anchor management,
- including a memory leak and a possible loss of state
- information. [RT #38458]
- </p></li>
-<li><p>
- Asynchronous zone loads were not handled correctly when the
- zone load was already in progress; this could trigger a crash
- in zt.c. [RT #37573]
- </p></li>
-</ul></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The end of life for BIND 9.11 is yet to be determined but
- will not be before BIND 9.13.0 has been released for 6 months.
- <a href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2" lang="en">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
-<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
-<p>
- Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
- If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
- make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
- <a href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
- </p>
-</div>
-</div></div></body>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="article" lang="en"><font color="red"><xi:include></xi:include></font></div></body>
</html>
<address_match_element>; ... };
listen-on-v6 [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] {
<address_match_element>; ... };
+ lock-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
managed-keys-directory <quoted_string>;
masterfile-format ( text | raw | map );
projects / thirdparty / bind9.git / commitdiff
