If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
- offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is
- an expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than
- zero.
+ offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if
+ there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
+ if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
- addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
- interprets the following extensions:
+ addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcs\bsn\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\be-\b-
+ E\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional format spec-
+ ifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci-
bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument,
which usually contains more characters than the original.
+ The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
+ treated as a shell variable name.
+
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
- sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
- evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
- variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
+ evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
+ variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
perform array dereferencing.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
- each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
vokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
dispositions.
- The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
- their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
- name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
- scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
- tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
- the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
- script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
+ scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
ing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
- even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
- named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
- the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
- function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
- if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
+ exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the executable file that would be found by searching
+ $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
+ ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed
+ value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
+ that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
+ served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
+ tions (-\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
+ cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
+ mands when using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
+ are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
-GNU Bash 5.2 2022 December 2 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.2 2022 December 27 BASH(1)
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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-%%CreationDate: Fri Dec 2 17:01:15 2022
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-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 410.4 R F1 -.18
-(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)
-2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
-.218(to obtain the line.)180 422.4 R .218
+<ad65>144 434.4 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 434.4 R F1 -.18
+(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)
+2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
+.218(to obtain the line.)180 446.4 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
+(acti)180 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 446.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 446.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 458.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 482.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
-(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 470.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
+-.2 E F0(If)180 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 482.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 494.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 506.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
+(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 494.4 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 518.4 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S
-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
+<ad4e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S
+(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 530.4 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 542.4
-R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
-3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 554.4 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 566.4 S .67
+1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 554.4 R F1 -.18(re)
+2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
+(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 566.4
+R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
+3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 578.4 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
+3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 590.4 S .669
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 578.4 Q F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F0(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 602.4 Q F0
+(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 614.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
+E F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 638.4 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 626.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
-(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180
-638.4 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E
+<ad72>144 650.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 650.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544
+(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180
+662.4 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E
.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
-180 650.4 Q F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 662.4 Q
+180 674.4 Q F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 686.4 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 674.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929
-G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 698.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
-F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 710.4 Q
-(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
-g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-722.4 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 December 2)139.295 E(72)188.455 E 0 Cg EP
+<ad74>144 698.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928
+G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
+3.061 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 December 27)136.795 E(72)185.955 E 0
+Cg EP
%%Page: 73 73
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .59(from re)180 84
-R .59(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09
-G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)
-3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable)
-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2
-(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27
-(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)
--2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 108 R .228
-(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228
-(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727
-(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F 1.224(turn EOF)180 120 R
-3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 F 1.224(The e)6.224 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(with a fractional portion follo)180 84 Q(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E
+(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is reading input from\
+ a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 96 R .505
+(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 108 R .589(gular \214les.)
+-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.089 F
+F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G
+.889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F
+-.25(va)180 120 S(riable).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0
+5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)
+2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27
+(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .227
+(The e)180 132 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G
+.228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G
+2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F 1.225(turn EOF)180 144
+R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 F 1.225(The e)6.225 F
1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15
-E(ceeded.)180 132 Q F1<ad75>144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+E(ceeded.)180 156 Q F1<ad75>144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
+196.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
-(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
+(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-184.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 196.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+208.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
+(signing to a readonly v)144 220.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-2
25.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+2
49.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
-F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
-(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
-1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
+(quent assignment.)144 273.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
+1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 285.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 297.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 321.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-321.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 333.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+345.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 357.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 369.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 386.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 398.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 422.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 410.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
+144 434.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 434.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
-(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15
+.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 458.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
+(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
+F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
+(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
+144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
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+E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
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(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
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2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
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--3.455 E(ha)224 192 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 204 Q(vileged)-.1 E
-F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 228 S(rbose).1 E
-F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 240 Q F0 .209
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 240 R 2.709(ace. This)
--.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224
-252 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
-(xtrace)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 282 Q
-F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)
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-(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
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06 Q F1<ad70>
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-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 354 R .38
-(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
--.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
66 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
-(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
+192 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9
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+-3.454 E(ha)224 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 228 Q(vileged)-.1 E
+F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 252 S(rbose).1 E
+F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 264 Q F0 .209
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 264 R 2.709(ace. This)
+-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 276
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30 Q F1<ad70>
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+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 378 R .379
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+(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
90 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
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(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
-.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad72>144 414 Q F0
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 414 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 426 Q
-F0(Exit after reading and e)184 426 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 438 S .774
+2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 414 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
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+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 426 Q F1<ad72>144 438 Q F0
+(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 438 Q
+(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 450 Q
+F0(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .773
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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-subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)
--.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 462 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391
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(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
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-(error message, and, if not interacti)184 474 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
-.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 486 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)184 498 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
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+(error message, and, if not interacti)184 498 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
+.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0
+(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
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.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
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.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F
1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236
-(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
-(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0
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-F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706
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(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
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-<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 594 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
-(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
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-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15
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-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 654 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
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(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
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2 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
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1 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
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-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 148.8
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+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 184.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
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5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
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-(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
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-E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
-.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
+(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 314.4 R .066
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 350.4 R .065
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 3
38.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144 3
74.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
-E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 439.2 R F1
-<ad73>3.12
4 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 475.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.12
5 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
-(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
--.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 463.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 480
-R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
+(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
+-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 499.2 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 516
+R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.944
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .885
+144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.945
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .885
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
-(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 574.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 610.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1
-(autocd)144 586.8 Q F0 .199
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 586.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 598.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .2
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
+F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 634.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 646.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-646.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 658.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 670.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 682.8 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 694.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)3.237
-E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
-(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
-718.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 December 2)139.295 E(76)188.455 E 0 Cg EP
+.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 December 27)136.795 E(76)185.955 E 0 Cg
+EP
%%Page: 77 77
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(checkjobs)144 84 Q F0 .448(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
-(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 108 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
+SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736
+(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
+(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108
+Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q
+F0 .449(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 144 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472
-(tempted without an interv)184 120 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
+(tempted without an interv)184 156 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2
9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184 132 S
+(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 168 S
(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)3.59
+-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.59
E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)
-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F
-(necessary)184 168 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85
+(necessary)184 204 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85
(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1
-(fa)184 180 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 192 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 192 R
-F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172
+(fa)184 216 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 228 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 228 R
+F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 204 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597
+184 240 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 216 S 1.288(ult, b).1
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 252 S 1.287(ult, b).1
F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
-(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 228 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
-(compat31)144 240 Q(compat32)144 252 Q(compat40)144 264 Q(compat41)144
-276 Q(compat42)144 288 Q(compat43)144 300 Q(compat44)144 312 Q(compat50)
-144 324 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 336 R 3.389
+(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 264 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
+(compat31)144 276 Q(compat32)144 288 Q(compat40)144 300 Q(compat41)144
+312 Q(compat42)144 324 Q(compat43)144 336 Q(compat44)144 348 Q(compat50)
+144 360 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 372 R 3.389
(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP)
-3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 348 Q F0(belo)2.25 E
-(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 364.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 376.8
+3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 384 Q F0(belo)2.25 E
+(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 400.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 412.8
R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\
-s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524
-(forming completion.)184 388.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024
+s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525
+(forming completion.)184 424.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024
E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524
(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\
haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184
-400.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 412.8 R .028
-(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029
-(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 424.8 R 1.073
+436.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 448.8 R .028
+(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028
+(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 460.8 R 1.073
(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
-(ev e)184 436.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(ev e)184 472.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
-6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
+6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
-448.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 460.8 Q
+484.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 496.8 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
-(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 477.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486
-(If set,)184 489.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
+(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 513.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487
+(If set,)184 525.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
-.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184
-501.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F
-(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)
-184 513.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 530.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184
-530.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
+.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184
+537.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F
+(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184
+549.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
+(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 566.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184
+566.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 542.4 Q(xist.)-.15
-E F1(dotglob)144 559.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 559.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 578.4 Q(xist.)-.15
+E F1(dotglob)144 595.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 595.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0
.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665
('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 571.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
+(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 607.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
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--.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
-(with embedded ne)184 300 Q
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F
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+(If set, and job control is not acti)184 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t)
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(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 328.8 R
+(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 345.6 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-340.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
-(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
-(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 352.8 Q
-F1(localv)144 369.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 381.6 R
-F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
-.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
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ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \
-the beha)184 393.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 405.6 Q
-(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 422.4
+the beha)184 410.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 422.4 Q
+(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 439.2
Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-434.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 446.4 S(lue may not be changed.)
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-184 475.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
-(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
--.1(wa)184 487.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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--.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504
-Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325
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-(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E
-F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F
-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1
-(nocaseglob)144 544.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 556.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0
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--.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 568.8 S
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 585.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184
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-(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 189.6 R F1(bash)
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+(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 230.4 R F1(bash)
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-(If set, prompt strings under)184 254.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
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(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36
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-E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5
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-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour)
-144 388.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 400.8 R F1(.)3.271 E
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--3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77
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-(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 465.6 Q F1
-(xpg_echo)144 482.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 494.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2
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+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 412.8 Q F1(sour)
+144 429.6 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 441.6 R F1(.)3.27 E F0
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+(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 628.8 R .878
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-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 702 Q
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--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
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(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
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+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 298.8 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 286.8 R 1.155 -.15
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(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
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-(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 310.8 R(The)6.333 E F2<ad61>3.833
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.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
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-2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
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-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429
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-(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 394.8 R -.05(ga)-.15
-G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
-(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745
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-F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 418.8 R
-(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309
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+(wise, the e)180 382.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
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+(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
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+F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 442.8 R(xactly)
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+-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183
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(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 496.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E
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(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 513.6 Q F0
+(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 537.6 Q F0
1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
- processes run from the shell.)144 513.6 R(The return status is 0.)144
-525.6 Q F2(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E
-F1(action)A F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 554.4 Q F1
-(action)3.733 E F0 .903(is a command that is read and e)3.643 F -.15(xe)
+ processes run from the shell.)144 537.6 R(The return status is 0.)144
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-F
1(sigspec)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F2<ad>2.605 E F0 2.605(,e)C
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-(position \(the v)144 578.4 R .626
-(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.626 E F1(action)
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+F
2(sigspec)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F1<ad>2.605 E F0 2.605(,e)C
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3.456 E F0 .626(is the null string the signal speci-)3.366 F
-(\214ed by each)144 590.4 Q F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0
+(\214ed by each)144 614.4 Q F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0
(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)2.81 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 608.4 R .165
-(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(trap)2.665 E F0 .165
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-F(of)144 620.4 Q F2(trap)2.569 E F0 .069(commands that can be reused as\
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-E F2<ad70>2.57 E F0 .474(is gi)144 632.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .474(n, and)
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-(sigspec)3.313 E F0(or)3.283 E(,)-.4 E .363
-(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 644.4 R
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.716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)
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(command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic)
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-(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .393
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.893 F F0(abo)2.643 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E .556
-(Refer to the description of the)144 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)
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-(bu)3.056 G .556(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .556(fect on the)-.25
-F F3(DEB)144 120 Q(UG)-.1 E F0 2.514(trap. If)2.514 F(a)2.514 E F1
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-(,)A F0 .014(the command)2.264 F F1(action)2.845 E F0 .015(is e)2.755 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .015(cuted each time a shell function).15 F
-(or a script e)144 132 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F3(.)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F3(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e)
-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .285(If a)144 150 R F1(sigspec)3.125 E
-F0(is)3.095 E F2(ERR)2.784 E F4(,)A F0 .284(the command)2.534 F F1
-(action)3.114 E F0 .284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15
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--2.784 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command re\
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-(the follo)144 174 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)
-2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451
-(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387
-(mand list immediately follo)144 186 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F3(while)2.887
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(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0
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(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78
-F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F3(!)
-3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 222 Q(yed by the)
--.15 E F
3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
-(ption.)-2.5 E .07(When the shell is not interacti)144 240 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.57(,s).15 G .069
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4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
+(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 264 R -.15(ve)
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(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)
--2.57 F(Interacti)144 252 Q .951 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .651
+-2.569 F(Interacti)144 276 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652
(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G
-.652(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .577
-(nored are reset to their original v)144 264 R .576
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .576
-(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 276 Q
+.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576
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+(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 300 Q
(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4
-G(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108
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-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 304.8 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F3<ad74>144 316.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F3(type)3.215 E F0
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.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 328.8 Q F0 .086
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
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-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 340.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
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-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 352.8 R .855
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-E F3<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 376.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
-(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name)
-2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0
-5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F3
-<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 388.8 Q F3<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
-(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
-(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F3<ad61>144
-400.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F3(type)3.323 E F0 .824
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824
-(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
--5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
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-144 436.8 R F3(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)
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-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 448.8 Q F3(ulimit)108 465.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
-(\255HS)A F0(])A F3<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255HS)A
-F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1
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--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
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+(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F4(type)3.146 E F0
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+(type)3.142 E F0 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe)
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+-.1 F F4($P)144 388.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(if)2.615 E F1(name)
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+F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .116(type -t name)2.616 F F0 -.1(wo)2.616 G .116
+(uld not re-).1 F(turn)144 400.8 Q F1(\214le)4.5 E F0 5.09(.T).18 G(he)
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+(TH)-.189 E F0 .089(search for each)2.339 F F1(name)2.589 E F0 2.589(,e)
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+F F0 -.1(wo)2.589 G .089(uld not).1 F(return)144 412.8 Q F1(\214le)5.245
+E F0 5.835(.I).18 G 3.336(fac)-5.835 G .836(ommand is hashed,)-3.336 F
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+(print the hashed v)3.336 F .836(alue, which is not necessarily)-.25 F
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+(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(does not consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 460.8 R F4
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+(nd only performs a)-2.535 F F2 -.666(PA)2.536 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .912
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(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
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4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
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-144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
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-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
3<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F
3<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 561.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
4<ad48>2.925 E
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4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-537.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
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(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
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-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
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(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144
573.6 R F3<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144
609.6 R F4<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
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R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
-597.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 609.6 Q F0
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 6
09.6 Q F3<ad62>
-144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 621.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 633.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 633.6 Q F3<ad64>144 645.6
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 657.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 6
57.6 Q F3<ad66>144
-669.6 Q F0
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45.6 Q F4<ad62>
+144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 657.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
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93.6 Q F4<ad66>144
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(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-669.6 Q F3<ad69>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
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-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 693.6 Q F3
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%%Page: 83 83
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \
-\(most systems do not allo)180 84 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79
-(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 108 Q F1
-<ad71>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-180 120 Q F1<ad72>144 132 Q F0
-(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 132 Q F1<ad73>144 144 Q
-F0(The maximum stack size)180 144 Q F1<ad74>144 156 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 156 Q F1<ad75>144 168 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 168 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 180 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 180 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 192
-Q F1<ad78>144 204 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 204 Q F1
-<ad50>144 216 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 216 Q F1
-<ad52>144 228 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
-blocking, in microseconds)180 228 Q F1<ad54>144 240 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)180 240 Q(If)144 256.8 Q/F2 10
+SF<ad6b>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)
+180 84 Q F1<ad6c>144 96 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 96 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 108 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 108 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 120 Q F0 .791(The \
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+120 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+132 Q F1<ad70>144 144 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 144 Q F1
+<ad71>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+180 156 Q F1<ad72>144 168 Q F0
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 168 Q F1<ad73>144 180 Q
+F0(The maximum stack size)180 180 Q F1<ad74>144 192 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 192 Q F1<ad75>144 204 Q
+F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 204 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 216 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 216 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 228
+Q F1<ad78>144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 240 Q F1
+<ad50>144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 252 Q F1
+<ad52>144 264 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
+blocking, in microseconds)180 264 Q F1<ad54>144 276 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 276 Q(If)144 292.8 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144
268.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+(no option is gi)144
304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-
280.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
+
316.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144
292.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
+A F1<ad6b>144
328.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 304.8 R .238
+(512-byte increments.)144 340.8 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 316.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F1(umask)108 3
33.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 352.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
+F1(umask)108 3
69.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 345.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 381.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 357.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-369.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 393.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+405.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 381.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 417.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 393.6 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 429.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 405.6 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 441.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 422.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 434.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 458.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 470.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+3.258 F(mo)144 482.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 463.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 499.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 475.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 511.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 487.2 Q F0 .465
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 523.2 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 499.2 R F1
+2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 535.2 R F1
<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 5
11.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 5
47.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 523.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+.719(rather than the v)144 559.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 535.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
+(are supplied, each)144 571.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-547.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+583.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 559.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 595.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 571.2 S
+F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 607.2 S
(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
-144 583.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+144 619.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-595.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+631.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
-1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 607.2 Q(The e)5 E
+1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 643.2 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 636 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\
+(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 672 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\
ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25
+(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25
G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F2(id)144.01 660 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1
+F2(id)144.01 696 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1
(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 672 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
+(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 708 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1
-<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 684 Q F0
+<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 720 Q F0
-.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id)
3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E
F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15
-G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 696 R .403
-(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 708 R .573
-(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
-(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
-(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 720 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)
-72 768 Q(2022 December 2)139.295 E(83)188.455 E 0 Cg EP
+G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 December 27)136.795 E(83)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 84 84
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .905(the v)144 84
-R(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
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+(returns its e)144 84 R .403(xit status.)-.15 F .403
+(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
+(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
+(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 96 R .573
+(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
+(If the)5.573 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)
+3.072 F .39
+(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
+144 108 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
+144 120 R(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E
-(an)144 96 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
-(is useful only when the)3.89 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>3.89 E F0
-1.39(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F2<ad66>3.89 E
-F0(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 108 R F2
-(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F1(id)3.075 E F0
+(an)144 132 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
+(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
+(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
+(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 144 R F1
+(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 120 R(If)5.635 E F1(id)
+(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 156 R(If)5.635 E F2(id)
3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 132 R
-(If)5.801 E F2(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the ret\
+(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 168 R
+(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the ret\
urn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .019(scribed under)
-144 144 R F2(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.019
+144 180 R F1(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.019
(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02
-(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 156 Q(aited for)-.1
-E(.)-.55 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 172.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81
+(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 192 Q(aited for)-.1
+E(.)-.55 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 208.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81
G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108
-184.8 R F1 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C
+220.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C
1.354(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108
-196.8 S .398(iltin \().2 F F2(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F2(compat32)2.898
-E F0(,)A F2(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F2(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C
+232.8 S .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898
+E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C
.399(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)
-5.399 F(le)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G
+5.399 F(le)108 244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G
.754(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.754(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253
(li).15 G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25
-G .753(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 220.8 Q 1.083(vior from pre)
+G .753(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 256.8 Q 1.083(vior from pre)
-.2 F 1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)
-.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G
-1.084(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 232.8
+1.084(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 268.8
Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G
(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457
-(This section does not mention beha)108 249.6 R 1.457
+(This section does not mention beha)108 285.6 R 1.457
(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456
-(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F2(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886
-(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 261.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886
+(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886
+(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 297.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886
(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887
-(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 273.6 Q
+(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 309.6 Q
(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15
-E .523(If a user enables, say)108 290.4 R(,)-.65 E F2(compat32)3.023 E
+E .523(If a user enables, say)108 326.4 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E
F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)
-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522
(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108
-302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259
+338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259
(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G
.26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108
-314.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F2(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646
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(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645
(or instance, the)-.15 F .76
-(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 326.4 R F2([[)3.261
+(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 362.4 R F1([[)3.261
E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761
(ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108
-338.4 R F2(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904
+374.4 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904
(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295
-(granularity may not be suf)108 350.4 R .296
+(granularity may not be suf)108 386.4 R .296
(\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796
(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15
-F(fully)108 362.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \
+F(fully)108 398.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \
feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532
-(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 379.2 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032
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projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
