startup files are read.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
- connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell
- daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh deter-
- mines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands
- from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do
- this if invoked as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may be used to inhibit this
- behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to force another file to
- be read, but neither _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally invoke the shell with
- those options or allow them to be specified.
+ connected to a network connection, as when executed by the historical
+ remote shell daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion, it
+ reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists and is
+ readable. It will not do this if invoked as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may
+ be used to inhibit this behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used
+ to force another file to be read, but neither _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally
+ invoke the shell with those options or allow them to be specified.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, no startup
by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be used to
specify the format of the time information.
- Each command in a pipeline is executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a sepa-
- rate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of
- subshells and a subshell environment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is en-
- abled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), the
- last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell process when job
- control is not active.
+ Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
+ executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
+ C\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi-
+ ronment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), the last element of a pipeline
+ may be run by the shell process when job control is not active.
L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
quence and character set, is matched. If the first char-
acter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character
not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters
- in range expressions is determined by the current locale
- and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell vari-
- ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation
- of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
- [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
- enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
- matched by including it as the first or last character in
- the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
- character in the set.
-
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ in range expressions, and the characters included in the
+ range, are determined by the current locale and the val-
+ ues of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variables, if set.
+ To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expres-
+ sions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of
+ the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bi-\b-
+ i\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be matched by including it
+ as the first or last character in the set. A ]\b] may be
+ matched by including it as the first character in the
+ set.
+
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
class. The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits,
and the character _.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified us-
- ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
+ ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
cale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
- If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
- shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
+ If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
+ shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
following description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns
- separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
+ separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
of the following sub-patterns:
?\b?(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
Matches anything except one of the given patterns
When matching filenames, the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option determines the set of
- filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
- names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..''
- must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
- when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning
- with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As
+ filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
+ names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..''
+ must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
+ when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning
+ with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As
above, ``.'' only has a special meaning when matching filenames.
Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es-
pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain
- multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
+ multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster.
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _\bR_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows
- commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _\bR_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows
+ commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
- writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
- current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
+ writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+ current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may fol-
- low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
+ low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
- the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
- ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
+ file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
+ the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
+ ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
grammer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually. The
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be shell option manages this behavior.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
splitting. If it expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on
which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them;
- otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
+ otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
below.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding TCP socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding UDP socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
sults from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file de-
- scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
[_\bn]>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
ror:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
- When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
- it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
+ When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
+ it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
s\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below) for compatibility reasons.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
(see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below).
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
- as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
- and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
- quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
- pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
+ and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
+ quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
+ pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote the charac-
ters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
- lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
+ lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
- command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
- name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
+ name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on
its standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified).
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates
to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the standard
input (file descriptor 0) is used.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
- closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
- to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
+ closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
+ to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
redirected as described previously.
M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
arguments are needed, use a shell function (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
- all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
- commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
- when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
- definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
- effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
- the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
- This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
- are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
- is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
- consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
- ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
+ all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
+ commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
+ when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
+ definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
+ effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
+ the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+ This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
+ are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
+ is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
+ consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
+ ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
tions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
- terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
+ terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
- tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
+ tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
- command (_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\bs). Ordinarily, variables and their values are
- shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ command (_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\bs). Ordinarily, variables and their values are
+ shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and
its children (including the functions it calls).
In the following description, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\be is a currently- execut-
ing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so
- on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any
+ on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any
shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is
a variable declared using the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins in the function
that is currently executing.
- Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre-
- vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function
- hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments
- refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified.
+ Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre-
+ vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function
+ hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments
+ refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified.
When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible.
- The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
- within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
- values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
- cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
- function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
- that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
- also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
+ The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
+ within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
+ values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
+ cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
+ function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
+ that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
+ also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
value that is restored when the function returns.
- For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
- and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
+ For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
+ and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 will resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadow-
ing any global variable named _\bv_\ba_\br.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable
is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt will unset it; otherwise the unset
- will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
- above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
- main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until
- the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the
+ will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
+ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
+ main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until
+ the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the
variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on
- a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that
- name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the l\blo\bo-\b-
+ a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that
+ name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the l\blo\bo-\b-
c\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt shell option changes this behavior).
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
- fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
+ fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed be-
- fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe-
- cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe-
+ cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined
with the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin.
Functions may be recursive. The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable may be used to limit
- the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+ the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re-
cursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
pound command, and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-
- width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
- trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
- associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
+ width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
+ trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
+ associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op-
erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or
character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc-
- tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
- bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
- ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
- ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
+ tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
+ bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
+ ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
+ ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
specifying _\bn, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
- percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
+ percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
tween 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
- behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
+ behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
those commands for any other command-specific actions.
- Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
+ Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
- special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
- ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
+ ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
value).
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex-
- pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
+ pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
following order.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
- only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
- are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
- to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
+ shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
+ only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
+ are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
+ to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a
- value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
+ value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
with a non-zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
- fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
+ fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to re-
- member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
- in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
- original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
- status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
+ in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
+ original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
+ status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta-
tus of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of
- itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the
+ itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the
effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with
- the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
- (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the
+ the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
+ (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the
child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
A _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is a copy of the shell process.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re-
- set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
+ set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
fault standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl. Oth-
- erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
+ erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
ing shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
- vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
+ vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re-
- placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
- turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
+ turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
valid options or missing arguments.
The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame-
ter $?.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
- less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
+ less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ig-
nores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef-
- fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
ing d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
- When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
+ When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such
- as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
+ as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in
the same process group as the terminal, and ^\b^C\bC sends S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT to all pro-
cesses in that process group.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
command terminates and then decides what to do about the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT:
1. If the command terminates due to the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh concludes that
- the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
(e.g., by running a S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT trap or exiting itself);
- 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
- handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
- nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
- nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
- of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
+ 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
+ handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
+ nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
+ nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
+ of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will
- run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
- signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
+ run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
+ signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
mand to complete, for compatibility.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
_\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the ex-
- ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
- terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
+ terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re-
- turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped job whose command name be-
- gins with c\bce\be. If a prefix matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped job whose command name be-
+ gins with c\bce\be. If a prefix matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the
- string c\bce\be in its command line. If the substring matches more than one
+ string c\bce\be in its command line. If the substring matches more than one
job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was
- in the foreground or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may
- be referenced using %\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was
+ in the foreground or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may
+ be referenced using %\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can
both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g.,
the output of the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with
- a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying
+ a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying
job specification) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
its.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
- When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
- and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
- state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
+ When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
+ and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
+ state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
minates before returning.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
- reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
- scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
- abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
- a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
+ reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
+ scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
+ abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
+ a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is in-
serted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results in
- a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
+ a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\h\bh the hostname up to the first `.'
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
- abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
+ \\b\w\bw the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
+ abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM variable)
\\b\W\bW the basename of $\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\!\b! the history number of this command
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
- low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
- mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
- decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
+ low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
+ mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
+ decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command under
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
- escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
+ escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
contain characters special to word expansion.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\b-
- _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate
- default is _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline li-
- brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings
- and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed
- in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines
- beginning with a #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate
- conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable
+ _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate
+ default is _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline li-
+ brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings
+ and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed
+ in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines
+ beginning with a #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate
+ conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable
settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
or using the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that controls the text color and background
- when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
- tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
+ A string variable that controls the text color and background
+ when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
+ tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
up any physical character positions on the display, so it should
- consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
- terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
- variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
- type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
- terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
+ consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
+ terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
+ variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
+ type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
+ terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m".
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
- ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
- must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
- play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
- It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
- active region. This variable is reset to the default value
- whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
- string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
+ A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
+ ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
+ must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
+ play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
+ It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
+ active region. This variable is reset to the default value
+ whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
+ string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value
might be "\e[0m".
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable. If there is a color defini-
- tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
- pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
+ tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
+ pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
instead of its default.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
- greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
- will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
- they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
+ will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
+ they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means
readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
_\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
ilar to _\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
- escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
- which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
+ escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
+ which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
mode string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
- saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
- referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
- readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
- _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
- in the region using the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br,
- which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand-
- out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack-
- eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-
+ The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
+ saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
+ referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
+ readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
+ _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
+ in the region using the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br,
+ which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand-
+ out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack-
+ eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-
incremental history searches.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline configures the terminal to insert each
- paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
- instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline configures the terminal to insert each
+ paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
+ instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
the keyboard. This prevents readline from executing any editing
commands bound to key sequences appearing in the pasted text.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar-
row keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
tempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
- number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
+ number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be
set to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
- new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
of height 1.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re-
- gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
- m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
- but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
+ gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+ m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
+ but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
characters.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
- ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
+ ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
contains eight-bit characters.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
stead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
- extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
+ extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
- stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
+ stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
- erator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
+ erator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
+ If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
The operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
- brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
+ brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
- ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
+ ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
against the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect
- if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
+ if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
- buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
+ Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
+ buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
at the top of the screen.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
- rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
+ rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
the current line without clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
- numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
+ numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
use instead of the current line.
f\bfe\bet\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
- With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
+ With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to
the first entry in the history list.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the current cursor po-
- sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
+ sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
history line. This is a non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
- serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
+ serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
P\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL, $\b$E\bED\bD-\b-
I\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the nu-
meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei-
- ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar-
gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com-
mand is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
moved, the line will be executed by the shell.
s\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl-\b-c\bco\bor\brr\bre\bec\bct\bt-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx s\bs)\b)
- Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
- a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
- option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
+ Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
+ a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
+ option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
- pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
- used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
+ used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
pletions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac-
ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is
appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
- default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
- a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
from any successful expansion.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG op-
- tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
- ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
+ ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
fined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
fault completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
- overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
- writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
- set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
+ writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
+ set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
tory comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions.
- This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
- other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
- truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
+ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
+ truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
- nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
+ nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
tions.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
- line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
- count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
+ count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
- pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
+ pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
- tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
+ tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
- omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
used; it is an error if there is no previous search string.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
- %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
- the search string begins with a character that is part of a
+ %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
+ the search string begins with a character that is part of a
word.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word. If x\bx is miss-
ing, it defaults to 0.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod-
ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
- b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
sive; the last one supplied is used.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /.
- The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with
a single backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd.
- A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
- to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
- tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
+ A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
+ to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
+ tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
If _\bn_\be_\bw is null, each matching _\bo_\bl_\bd is deleted.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' or `&\b&' modifier once to each word in the
event line.
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell en-
- vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, but _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. The file
- searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
- in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
- found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
- command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
- unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
+ searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
+ in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
+ found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
+ unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored
- around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
+ around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
cutes. If -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG
- trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
- status is the status of the last command exited within the
+ trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
+ status is the status of the last command exited within the
script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
not found or cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
- turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
+ turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap-
- pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
- each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
- e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
+ pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
+ each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
+ e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
- tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
- variables to the current location of the insertion point
- and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
- The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
+ variables to the current location of the insertion point
+ and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+ The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
to the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT variable. If there was no argu-
- ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
- changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
+ ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
+ changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
reflected in the editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as in-
put.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
- ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
+ ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for the directory containing
- _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
- native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
- A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
- rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
+ _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
+ native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
+ A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
+ rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing
- _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
+ _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
-\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces sym-
- bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
- ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
- cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
- from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
- option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
- cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
- change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
+ bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
+ ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
+ cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
+ from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
+ option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
+ cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
+ change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
support it, the -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes asso-
- ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
- verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
- a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
- first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
- solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
+ ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
+ verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
+ a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
+ first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
+ solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
standard output. If the directory change is successful, c\bcd\bd sets
- the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
- name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
- the current working directory before the change. The return
- value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
+ the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
+ name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
+ the current working directory before the change. The return
+ value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
- tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
+ tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
cilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt]
- [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
+ [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
- mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
- which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
- indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
- to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
- on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
- options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
- non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
- such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
- multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
+ plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
+ mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
+ which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
+ indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
+ to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
+ on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
+ options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
+ non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
+ such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
+ multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence over -\b-I\bI. If any of -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or
- -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
+ -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
completions only apply to the case specified by the option.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
- local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
+ local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
+ at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
- used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
+ used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
- signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
Bash will use the value of the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable as a
colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
- shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
+ shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn is supplied,
only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the list
- printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
- not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
- stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
- plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
- load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
- were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
+ printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
+ not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
+ stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
+ plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
+ load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
+ were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
- the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
- equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
- it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
- -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
+ the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
+ equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
+ it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
+ -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands were exe-
- cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
- tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
- to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
- within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
- outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
+ cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
+ tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
+ to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
+ within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
+ outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci-
bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument,
which usually contains more characters than the original.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
- sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
- evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
- variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
+ evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
+ variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
perform array dereferencing.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
- used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
- plied, or if job control is not enabled.
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
-GNU Bash 5.2 2022 March 11 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.2 2022 May 17 BASH(1)
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Fri Apr 8 15:46:03 2022
+%%CreationDate: Wed May 4 15:10:59 2022
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
(~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti)
144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E
(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(1)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(1)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 2 2
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25
G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806
(un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15
-F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(2)198.45 E
+F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(2)204.835 E
0 Cg EP
%%Page: 3 3
%%BeginPageSetup
669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0
(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q
(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(3)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 4 4
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
.243(tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)
108 429.6 R(The)5.243 E F4(TIMEFORMA)2.743 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.493
G .243(riable may be used).25 F
-(to specify the format of the time information.)108 441.6 Q .426
-(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426
-(cuted in a).15 F F2(subshell)2.926 E F0 2.926(,w)C .426
-(hich is a separate process.)-2.926 F(See)5.426 E F4 .426(COMMAND EXE-)
-2.926 F .153(CUTION ENVIR)108 470.4 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0 .153
-(for a description of subshells and a subshell en)2.403 F 2.653
-(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)2.653 E F1(lastpipe)2.653 E F0(option)2.653 E
-.648(is enabled using the)108 482.4 R F1(shopt)3.148 E F0 -.2(bu)3.147 G
-.647(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F1(shopt)3.147 E F0(belo)3.147
-E .647(w\), the last element of a pipeline may)-.25 F
-(be run by the shell process when job control is not acti)108 494.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(Lists)87 511.2 Q F0(A)108 523.2 Q F2(list)
-2.849 E F0 .349(is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one\
- of the operators)2.849 F F1(;)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&&)
-2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85 E F1(||)2.85 E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)
--2.85 F(ally terminated by one of)108 535.2 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .961
+(to specify the format of the time information.)108 441.6 Q .304(Each c\
+ommand in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is e)108
+458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuted in a).15 F F2(subshell)2.803 E F0
+2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108 470.4 R
+(See)5.207 E F4 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0
+.208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927(shell en)108
+482.4 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F1(lastpipe)3.427 E F0
+.927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F1(shopt)3.427 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F1(shopt)3.426 E F0
+(belo)108 494.4 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the\
+ shell process when job control is not acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15
+E F1(Lists)87 511.2 Q F0(A)108 523.2 Q F2(list)2.849 E F0 .349(is a seq\
+uence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F
+F1(;)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85
+E F1(||)2.85 E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F
+(ally terminated by one of)108 535.2 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0
+2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .961
(Of these list operators,)108 552 R F1(&&)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F1(||)
3.461 E F0(ha)3.461 E 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo)
.15 F .96(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(&)3.46 E F0 3.46
G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E
(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108
712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(4)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 5 5
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
.583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582
(contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582
(gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(5)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(5)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 6 6
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
.116(nd e).65 F(x-)-.15 E .768(ecute an)144 720 R 3.268(ya)-.15 G
(ssociated)-3.268 E F2(list)3.268 E F0 .768
(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)3.268 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .768(cution as if the).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(6)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 G .768(cution as if the).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(6)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 7 7
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 691.2 S .5 -.25(ew s)
-2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E
(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(7)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(7)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 8 8
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F
(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q
(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708
-Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(8)
-198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(8)
+204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 9 9
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.727(sc)-.55 G
1.227(urrent v)-3.727 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25
G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.226(+= is applied to an array)3.726 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(9)204.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G
.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)
144 715.2 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(10)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 11 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(f)-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 705.6 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(11)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 12 12
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037
(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F
F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(12)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(at line number)144 702 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1
(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G
1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
-(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29
-E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(13)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 14 14
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
3.266 E 3.516(w\). The)-.25 F 1.017
(characters between the insertion point and the)3.516 F
(mark are often called the)144 720 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(14)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 15 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796
(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 729.6 R
F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795
-(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(15)193.45 E
+(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(15)199.835 E
0 Cg EP
%%Page: 16 16
%%BeginPageSetup
-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 696 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5
(fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5
(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(16)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(16)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 17 17
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an)
3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G
.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 18 18
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
-.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174
(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E
-(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(18)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 19 19
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 692.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55
-E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(19)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 20 20
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.149 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
F2(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F1(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F1(y)
3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648
-(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(21)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 22 22
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
-2.813 E .414(the v)108 724.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414
(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415
(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(22)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 23 23
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(en relati)-.1 F 1.852 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551
(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-4.051 F 4.051(,s)-.4
G 4.051(oa)-4.051 G 4.051(no)-4.051 G -.25(ff)-4.051 G 1.551
-(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(23)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(23)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(lo).25 G .422
(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(24)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 25 25
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F
.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153
E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144
-717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(25)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 26 26
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.799(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.299 G
(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo)
5.299 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.3 E 2.8(ens in the e)-.1
-F 2.8(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+F 2.8(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(26)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 27 27
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
F F3(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F1(GLO-)2.562 E
(BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\
so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)
-4.264 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+4.264 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(27)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 28 28
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.124
(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0
1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G
-1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R .895
-(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v)
-180 379.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0
-(or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375
-(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8
-F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 391.2 R .067
-(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068
-(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 403.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0
-.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
-2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
-.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\
-be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
-180 415.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
-(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 427.2 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 445.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4
--.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1
-(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)
-180 457.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1
-5.889(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 469.2 R 5.889
-(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 481.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F
-F0 4.29(Ac)180 493.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)
--.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
--.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 505.2 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 523.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=])
-A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
- collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 535.2 R
-(the character)180 547.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 565.2 S(thin).4
+1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F 1.044
+(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R 1.045
+(xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34
+(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 379.2 R 2.34
+(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.84 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)4.59 E F2
+(LC_ALL)180 391.2 Q F0 1.078(shell v)3.328 F 1.078(ariables, if set.)
+-.25 F 2.679 -.8(To o)6.079 H 1.079
+(btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .393
+(sions, where)180 403.2 R F1([a\255d])2.893 E F0 .393(is equi)2.893 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G .393(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.893 E F0 2.893(,s)C .393
+(et v)-2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_ALL)2.892 E F0 .392
+(shell v)2.892 F .392(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.892 E F0(,)A .899
+(or enable the)180 415.2 R F1(globasciiranges)3.399 E F0 .899
+(shell option.)3.399 F(A)5.899 E F1<ad>3.399 E F0 .9
+(may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405
+(\214rst or last character in the set.)180 427.2 R(A)5.405 E F1(])2.905
+E F0 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905
+F(in the set.)180 439.2 Q -.4(Wi)180 457.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0
+(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571
+(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071
+F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)
+3.071 E F0(is one of the follo)180 469.2 Q
+(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889
+(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 481.2 R 5.889
+(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 493.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F
+F0 4.289(Ac)180 505.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289
+(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E
+F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
+(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 517.2 Q -.4(Wi)
+180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
+(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 547.2 R
+(the character)180 559.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 577.2 S(thin).4
E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)
2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4
-(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 582 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54
-(ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108 594
-R .038(In the follo)5.038 F .038(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
-(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 606 Q F1
+(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 594 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539
+(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108
+606 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
+(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 618 Q F1
(|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C
(omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E
-(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 642 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 654 Q F4(pattern-list)
+(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 642 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 654 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 666 Q F4(pattern-list)
.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180
-666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 678 Q F4
+678 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 690 Q F4
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
-.833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 714 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G
-(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(28)193.45 E
-0 Cg EP
+(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 702 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(28)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 29 29
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(!\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E
-F0(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15
+SF(@\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E
+F0(Matches one of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)
+-2.5 E F1(!\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
+(Matches an)180 120 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .988
-(When matching \214lenames, the)108 112.8 R F1(dotglob)3.488 E F0 .988
+(When matching \214lenames, the)108 136.8 R F1(dotglob)3.488 E F0 .988
(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when)
-3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 124.8 Q F0 1.392
-(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.892 F
-1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.891(,b).74 G 1.391
-(ut `)-4.091 F(`.)-.74 E 2.871 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.391(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74
-E 2.871 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.391(ust be).74 F .298
-(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 136.8 R .298
+3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 148.8 Q F0 1.391
+(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F
+1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392
+(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74
+E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298
+(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 160.8 R .298
(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15
-F(y)-.15 E .328(\214lenames be)108 148.8 R .328(ginning with `)-.15 F
-(`.)-.74 E 1.808 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327
+F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 172.8 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F
+(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327
(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.)
-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.827(,`).15 G(`.)-3.567 E 1.807 -.74('' o)-.7 H .327
-(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 160.8 Q
-.968(Complicated e)108 177.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
-.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
-(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 189.6 R .091
-(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-)
+(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328
+(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 184.8 Q
+.969(Complicated e)108 201.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
+.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968
+(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09
+(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 213.6 R .091
+(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-)
-.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)
-108 201.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 218.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G
-(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 230.4 R 1.112
+108 225.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 242.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G
+(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 254.4 R 1.113
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 242.4 Q .3
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 266.4 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 259.2 Q F0 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 283.2 Q F0 .545
+(Before a command is e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
-(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428
-(by the shell.)108 283.2 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928
+(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429
+(by the shell.)108 307.2 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928
E .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, ma\
-de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 295.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can chan\
-ge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
-(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
-(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 307.2 R -.15
+de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 319.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can cha\
+nge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02
+(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215
+(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 331.2 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108
-319.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0
+343.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0
.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R)
-.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 331.2
+.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 355.2
Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771
(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\
-y instead be preceded by a w)108 348 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293
-(the form {)108 360 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
+y instead be preceded by a w)108 372 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292
+(the form {)108 384 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 372 S
-.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 396 S
+.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F
F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 384 Q F0
-.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2
-(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 396 R .793
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794
-(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s)
--.55 E(lifetime manually)108 408 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G
-(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior)
--.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 424.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if\
- the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \
-the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 436.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0
-3.012(,t)C .512
+(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 408 Q F0
+.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2
+(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F
+.794(persists be)108 420 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15
+F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F
+(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 432 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5
+G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E
+(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 448.8 R .284(wing descriptio\
+ns, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charact\
+er of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 460.8 R F1(<)3.012 E
+F0 3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 448.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(redirection operator is)108 472.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 465.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 477.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 489.6 R
-.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
+-2.5 E .824(The w)108 489.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463
+(jected to brace e)108 501.6 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 513.6 R
+.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F
.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 501.6 S(rd,).1 E F1
+F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 525.6 S(rd,).1 E F1
(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 518.4 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 542.4 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 559.2 Q F1(>)2.5
E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 552 Q
-F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 568.8
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 576 Q
+F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 592.8
Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505
-(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 585.6 R F2(dirlist)3.355
+(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 609.6 R F2(dirlist)3.355
E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505
(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 597.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 614.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)
-3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F
-3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)
--3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 626.4 R .977
-(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .978
+(output before the standard output w)108 621.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
+F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 638.4 Q F0 .598(handles se)
+3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F
+3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)
+-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 650.4 R .978
+(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
+(is running pro)3.478 F .977
(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
-(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 638.4 Q
-(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 655.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15
-E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 667.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
+(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 662.4 Q
+(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15
+E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 691.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 691.2 Q F1(/de)144 703.2 Q
-(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 703.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 30 30
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180
-96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)
-A F2(port)A F0(If)180 120 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
-144 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 156 Q F2(host)
-2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180
+96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15
+E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2
+(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
+168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host)
+2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
-184.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 201.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045
-(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F
-(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 213.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-230.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
+-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
+an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046
+(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F
+(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
+254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 242.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 254.4 Q F2
+108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2
(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 271.2 Q([)144 288 Q F2
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 304.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .175
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2
+(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output)
+-.18 E F0 .174
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 316.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 328.8
-R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
+108 340.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8
+R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0
-.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 340.8 Q
+.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
+(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 364.8 Q
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 357.6 Q([)144 374.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 403.2 R
-.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
-(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
-5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 427.2 R
+.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
+(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
+451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-444 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 456 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 468 R F2(n)3.315 E F0
+468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)3.315 E F0
2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0
-.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108
-480 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 496.8 Q([)144 513.6 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 530.4 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 542.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0
+.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108
+504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-554.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 571.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
-(&>)144 588 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 600 Q F1(>&)144 612 Q F2(wor)
-A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 628.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor)
+A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 645.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 662.4 R F2(wor)
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor)
2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G
-.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 674.4 Q
+-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G
+.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q
F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
-(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 691.2 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 703.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-715.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 31 31
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 84
-Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108 117.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to)
-.25 E F1(>>)144 134.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(\(see)108 151.2 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
-(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 168 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This \
-type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current \
-source until a line containing only)108 180 R F2(delimiter)108.35 192 Q
-F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)
+-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
+utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\
+scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)
+108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E
+F0(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
+124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
+(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108
+192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
+(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
+ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
+a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
-F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 204 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2
-(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 220.8 Q([)144 237.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])
-A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 249.6 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 261.6 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
-278.4 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
+F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
+F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])
+A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108
+319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108
-290.4 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681
+331.2 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681
-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381
(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381
(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n)
--2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
-(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 302.4 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194
-(are subjected to parameter e)108 314.4 R 1.194
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195
-(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 326.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)
+-2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773
+(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195
+(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 1.194
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194
+(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)
2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 343.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 355.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
+(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
+C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
+ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73
+G(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 372 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(Av)108 384 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144
-400.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 417.6 Q F2
-(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
+2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
+144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q
+F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S
+1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 441.6 R .375(wline appended\
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\
, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
-108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
-F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 470.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)
-108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-.127(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 516 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
+108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
+F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)
+108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-528 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 540 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99
-E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649
-<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)
-2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 552 Q
-(The operator)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R
-(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 614.4 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F2(wor)3.406
+568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
+2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
+2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
+F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
+2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
+(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
+(d)-.37 E F0 .444
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R
+(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F2(wor)3.406
E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \
-a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 626.4 R F2(wor)3.543
-E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F1<ad>3.203 E F0
-3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703
-(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.204 E F0
-.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F2(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E
-.96
6(not e)108 638.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
-3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
+a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)3.544
+E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F1<ad>3.204 E F0
+3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703
+(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.203 E F0
+.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F2(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E
+.96
5(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
+3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
--3.466 F(pre)108 650.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q
-(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([)
-144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2
-(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0
-3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2(n)3.018 E F0
-.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0
-(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 32 32
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q
-2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2
-<ad>A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268
-(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 .268
-(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)
--2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F1
-(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
-A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-192 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)
+108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2
+(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2(digit)3.018 E F0 .518
+(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)
+-3.018 G .517(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2
+(n)3.017 E F0 .517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
+E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F2
+(digit)2.767 E F0 .267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F2(n)3.127 E F0
+2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt)-2.767 G .268
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F2(n)2.768 E F0
+.268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
+A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+266.4 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F
-(scriptor)108 204 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>
--2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74
-E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.174
-E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
+(scriptor)108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5
+<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
+(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E
+(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q
+F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674
+(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
-1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 268.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
-(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0
-1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.119
-(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 316.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 328.8 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528
-(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne)
--3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
+(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
+(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
+F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
+1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
+-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12
+(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 403.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne)
+-3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
-(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .741
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
+(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
+(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .741
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E
-.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 386.4 Q
-F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108
-403.2 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0
-.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
+.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q
+F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108
+477.6 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0
+.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .435
+E .436
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-432 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1(wa)
--.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67
-(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 444 R 3.17(eu)
+506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67
+(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu)
-.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E
-1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 456 R 1.059
-(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
-.075(when it is e)108 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F
-.075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comman\
-d does not)2.575 F(tak)108 480 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G .337
-(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
-(The commands follo)5.337 F .338
-(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 492
-R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)-3.051 F
-(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)-.2 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-)-.15 E .425
-(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \
-e)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426(cuted, because a function de\214nition)
-.15 F .404(is itself a command.)108 516 R .403
-(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F
--.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
-108 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es)
+1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059
+(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
+.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15
+F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\
+and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G
+.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
+(The commands follo)5.337 F .337
+(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108
+566.4 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)
+-3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)
+-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-)
+-.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\
+unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425
+(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.)
+108 590.4 R .403
+(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F
+-.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
+108 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es)
-3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862
-(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2
-(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 540 Q -.15
-(Fo)108 556.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1
+(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15
+(Fo)108 631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3
-(FUNCTIONS)72 573.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 585.6 S .968
-(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 597.6 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
-(mands associated with that function name is e)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
-(shell; no ne)108 621.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
-F .64(function is e)108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
+.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
+ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
+(mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
+(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
+(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
+(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
+F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 645.6
-R F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532
-(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
-.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 657.6 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E
-(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720
+R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F
+1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.)
+4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(32)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 33 33
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(element of the)108
+84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
-674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
+100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.214(these e)108 686.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG)
--.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215
-(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 698.4 S(IL)
-.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
+1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215
+(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL)
+.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
-.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 710.4 R F4(declar)
+-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E
+.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar)
2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 722.4 S 1.616(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F
-F2(DEB)4.116 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.116 E F2(RETURN)4.116 E F0 1.616
-(traps\), and the)4.116 F F4(ERR)4.116 E F0 1.616(trap is not)3.866 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 33 33
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(inherited unless the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255o errtrace)2.5
-E F0(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 100.8 S .368
-(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local)
-2.868 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F/F2 10
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2
+(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
+(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322
+F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
+(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .368
+(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local)
+2.868 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .368(local variables)B F0 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E
-(ily)108 112.8 Q 2.88(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38
+(ily)108 189.6 Q 2.88(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38
(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I)
--.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F1(local)2.88 E
-F0(,)A(the v)108 124.8 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \
+-.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F2(local)2.88 E
+F0(,)A(the v)108 201.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \
restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \
-it calls\).)-2.5 E .726(In the follo)108 141.6 R .726
-(wing description, the)-.25 F F2(curr)3.226 E .726(ent scope)-.37 F F0
-.727(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .727(cuting function.).15
-F(Pre)5.727 E .727(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.004(of that function')
-108 153.6 R 3.504(sc)-.55 G 1.004
+it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 218.4 R .727
+(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0
+.726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15
+F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function')
+108 230.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004
(aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e)
--3.504 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.003(cuting an).15 F 3.503(ys)-.15 G(hell)
--3.503 E 3.409(function. Consequently)108 165.6 R 3.409(,al)-.65 G .909
-(ocal v)-3.409 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .91
-(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F1(local)3.41 E F0(or)3.41 E F1(de-)
-3.41 E(clar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+-3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell)
+-3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91
+(ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909
+(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2
+(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.)
-.15 E .636(Local v)108 194.4 R .636(ariables "shado)-.25 F .636(w" v)
--.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .635
-(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.635 G 3.135(ri).15 G .635
-(nstance, a local)-3.135 F -.25(va)108 206.4 S .58
-(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .581
-(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .183
-(to the local v)108 218.4 R .183(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183
-(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .182
+.15 E .635(Local v)108 271.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v)
+-.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636
+(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636
+(nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .581
+(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58
+(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182
+(to the local v)108 295.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183
+(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183
(When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E
-(is once ag)108 230.4 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .726(The shell uses)108
-247.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F
-(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227
-F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 259.2
-R .008(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
+(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 324
+R F3 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F
+(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226
+F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 336 R
+.007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.)
-108 271.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
-(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814
-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 283.2 Q
-2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.)
+108 348 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
+(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813
+(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 360 Q
+2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816
(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65
-F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
-108 295.2 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E
-(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 312
-S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)
-2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F2(func1)2.723
-E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F2(func1)2.724 E F0 .224
-(calls another function)2.724 F F2(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464
-(references to)108 324 R F2(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 F
-F2(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot)
--2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)2.963 E F0(from)
-2.963 E F2(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F
-(y)-.15 E(global v)108 336 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F2(var)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The)108 352.8 Q F1(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482
-(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483
-(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.983 E F0 .19
-(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 364.8 R .19
+F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
+108 372 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E
+(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
+388.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
+(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1)
+2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223
+(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463
+(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963
+F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot)
+-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from)
+2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F
+(y)-.15 E(global v)108 412.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483
+(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482
+(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19
+(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 441.6 R .19
(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19
(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
--5.19 E 3.324(av)108 376.8 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\
+-5.19 E 3.325(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\
unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\
-hat)-3.574 F 1.142(scope or until the function returns.)108 388.8 R
+hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R
1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141
-(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.141(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E
-.976(scope will become visible.)108 400.8 R .976
-(If the unset acts on a v)5.976 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .977
-(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.477(yi)-.15 G .977(nstance of a v)-3.477 F
-(ariable)-.25 E .008(with that name that had been shado)108 412.8 R .007
-(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.507(wh)-.25 G .507 -.25
-(ow t)-2.507 H(he).25 E F1(localv)2.507 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .007
-(shell option)2.507 F(changes this beha)108 424.8 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The)
-108 441.6 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028
+(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E
+.977(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976
+(If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976
+(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F
+(ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .008
+(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25
+(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008
+(shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The)
+108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
-453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
+530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .044(If the b)108 470.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 482.4 R 1.011
+.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.012
(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012
-(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 494.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213
-(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213
+1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 571.2 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213
+(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
-108 506.4 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
+108 583.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
--2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358
-(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 523.2 R F1
-<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
-F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F
-3.39(mands. The)108 535.2 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1
-(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
+-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
+(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 600 R F2
+<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
+F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F
+3.39(mands. The)108 612 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2
+(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
(will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F
-.046(\214le and line number)108 547.2 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G
-(he)-2.546 E F1(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046
+.047(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G
+(he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046
(shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046
-(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493
-(processes \(those created when e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492
+(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492
+(processes \(those created when e)108 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492
(cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492
-(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492
-(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 571.2 Q F1<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7
-(option to the)3.2 F F1(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F
-.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F1<ad66>3.201
-E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F1(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 583.2 S
-(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
-(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322
-(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 612 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
+(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493
+(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F2<ad66>3.201 E F0 .701
+(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201
+(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F
+F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660
+S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
+(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323
+(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 688.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322
-(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 624 Q .3
--.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72
-640.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089
-(The shell allo)108 652.8 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089
-(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089
-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)3.588 E F0
-(and)3.588 E F1(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 664.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G
-.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952
-(compound command, and)3.452 F F1 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0
-3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 676.8 Q 1.058
-(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
-(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828
-(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 688.8 R(vity)-.25 E
-3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
-(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F
-(lo)108 700.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le)
-5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F
-(of decreasing precedence.)108 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 700.8 Q
+.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675
+E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 34 34
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2
-<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25
-E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 108 S F0(unary minus and plus)144 108 Q F2(++)108 120
-Q F1(id)A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 132 S
-(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0
-(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108
-156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0
-(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108
-180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0
-(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0
-(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144
-228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0
-(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108
-264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q
-F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2
-(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0
-(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5
-(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)
--2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E
-F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68
-(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G
+(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25
+F 1.089(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089
+(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(let)3.589 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0
+-.2(bu)3.453 G .953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952
+(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0
+3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.057
+(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
+(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829
+(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 132 R(vity)-.25 E
+3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
+(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F
+(lo)108 144 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F
+(of decreasing precedence.)108 156 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108
+172.8 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 184.8 S
+(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 196.8 S
+F0(unary minus and plus)144 196.8 Q F2(++)108 208.8 Q F3(id)A F2<adad>
+2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 220.8 S
+(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 232.8 S F0
+(logical and bitwise ne)144 232.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108
+244.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 244.8 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 256.8 S
+F0(multiplication, di)144 256.8 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>
+108 268.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 268.8 Q F2(<< >>)108 280.8 Q F0
+(left and right bitwise shifts)144 280.8 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 292.8 Q F0
+(comparison)144 304.8 Q F2(== !=)108 316.8 Q F0(equality and inequality)
+144 316.8 Q F2(&)108 328.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 328.8 Q F2(^)108 340.8 Q
+F0(bitwise e)144 340.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)
+108 352.8 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 352.8 Q F2(&&)108 364.8 Q F0(logical AND)
+144 364.8 Q F2(||)108 376.8 Q F0(logical OR)144 376.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108
+388.8 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0
+(conditional operator)144 400.8 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 412.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G
+2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G
+(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 424.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 436.8 S
+(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 448.8 Q .68
+(Shell v)108 465.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68
+(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4
-F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
+F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
--.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G
+-.25 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G
.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F
-.421(ing the parameter e)108 412.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421
-(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F
-.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R .154
+.42(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42
+(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F
+.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154
(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he)
--2.654 E F1(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154
-(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154
-(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 436.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357
+-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153
+(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153
+(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357
(null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25
F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F
-.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0
-(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 448.8 Q
-(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 465.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F
-3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F
-<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with)
-5.518 F 3.283(al)108 477.6 S .783
-(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G
-.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,)
--.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 489.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815
-(he form [)-3.315 F F1(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
-3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315
-F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 501.6 R F1(n)2.85 E F0 .35
-(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.849 E F0 .349
-(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F
-(fying)108 513.6 Q F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\
-n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\
-o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518
-(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 525.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f)
--5.518 E F1(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F
+.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0
+(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 537.6 Q
+(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F
+3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F
+<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with)
+5.517 F 3.282(al)108 566.4 S .782
+(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G
+.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,)
+-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816
+(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base)
+3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315
+F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349
+(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35
+(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying)
+108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\
+ is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975
+F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518
+(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 614.4 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f)
+-5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F
.518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F
(may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108
-537.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 554.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234
+626.4 Q .235(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235
(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234
-(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235
-(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 566.4 S
-(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 583.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256
-(Conditional e)108 595.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)
-2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)
-2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F
-.133(\214le attrib)108 607.2 R .133
+(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234
+(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 655.2 S
+(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1
+(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 684
+R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255
+(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)
+2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134
+(\214le attrib)108 696 R .134
(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E
-F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134
-(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 619.2 Q .198
-(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197
-(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo)
--.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 631.2 Q .234
-(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 648 R .234
-(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235
-(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425
-(cially when the)108 660 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F
-2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F
-F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F
-.344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\
-m internally with this beha)108 672 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1
-(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806
-(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 684 R F1(/de)3.306 E
-(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F1(n)
-3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F1
-(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029
-(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 696 R F1(/de)2.529 E
-(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r)
--2.53 E F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03
-(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722
-(Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo)
-108 724.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar)
--3.221 F(get)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(34)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133
+(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 708 Q .197
+(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198
+(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo)
+-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 35 35
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 84 Q 1.095
-(When used with)108 102 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C
-(he)-3.595 E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095
-(operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095
-(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F1(test)
-3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 114 Q F1
-<ad61>108 138 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 138
-S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108
-150 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 150 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108
-162 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 162 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>
-108 174 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 174 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
-E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108
-186 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 186 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 198 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)144 198 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 210 Q F2
-(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 210 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 222 Q F2(\214le)
-2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 222 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 234 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.35(Tr)144 234 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>108 246 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 246 S(ue if).35
-E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).)
-.15 E F1<ad72>108 258 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 258 S(ue if).35 E
-F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108
-270 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 270 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>
-108 282 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 282 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E
-F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 294
-Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 294 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>
-108 306 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 306 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
-E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 318 Q F2
-(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 318 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .235
+(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 84 R .234
+(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234
+E F0 .234(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-)
+.15 F .424(cially when the)108 96 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)
+-2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)
+2.925 F F1(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)
+-.15 F .345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emul\
+ate them internally with this beha)108 108 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)
+-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805
+(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 120 R F2(/de)3.305 E
+(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F2(n)
+3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F2
+(\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03
+(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 132 R F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stdin)
+-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r)-2.529 E F2
+(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029
+(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721
+(Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo)
+108 160.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar)
+-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 172.8
+Q 1.096(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596
+E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le)
+3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095
+E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108
+202.8 Q F1<ad61>108 226.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S
+(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108
+238.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
+E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108
+250.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 250.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
+E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1
+<ad64>108 262.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 262.8 S(ue if).35 E F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1
+<ad65>108 274.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 274.8 S(ue if).35 E F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 286.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 286.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 298.8
+Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 298.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
+-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 310.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 310.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 322.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 322.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G
+(it is set.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 334.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144
+334.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
+(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1<ad72>108 346.8 Q F2(\214le)
+2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 346.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5
+G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 358.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
+-.35(Tr)144 358.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
+(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 370.8 Q F2(fd)
+2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 370.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E
+F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 382.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 382.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108
+394.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 394.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
+E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 406.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 406.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108
-330 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 330 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 342 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.35(Tr)144 342 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 354 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.35(Tr)144 354 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
+418.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 418.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5
+E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25
+E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 430.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E
+F0 -.35(Tr)144 430.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
+(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 442.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E
+F0 -.35(Tr)144 442.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1
-<ad4f>108 366 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 366 S(ue if).35 E F2
+<ad4f>108 454.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 454.8 S(ue if).35 E F2
(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E
-(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 378 Q F2
-(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 378 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 390 Q F1
-(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 402 S(ue if).35 E F2
+(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 466.8 Q F2
+(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15
+(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 478.8 Q F1
+(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 490.8 S(ue if).35 E F2
(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5
-E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 414 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)
-A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 426 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0
-(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2
+E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 502.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1
+(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 514.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5
+E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2
(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0
-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2
-(\214le1)108
438 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144
-450 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 462 Q F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 474 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2
-(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262
+(\214le1)108
526.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144
+538.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)
+2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5
+G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 550.8 Q
+F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35
+F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262
(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f>
-2.762 E F0(option to the)144 486 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 498 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0
--.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79
-E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108
-522 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if the shell v).35 E
-(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.)
-2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 546 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 558 S
-(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)
-108 570 Q F1<ad6e>108 582 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 594 S
-(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2
-(string1)108 610.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 622.8 Q F1
-(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 634.8 S .861
-(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861
-(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862
-(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144
-646.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446
-(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746
--.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 658.8 Q F0(\).)A F2
-(string1)108 675.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S
-(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 704.4 Q F1(<)2.5
-E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 716.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E
-F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15
-E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg
-EP
+2.763 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 586.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0
+-.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)
+2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>
+108 610.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if the shell v)
+.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0
+(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 634.8 Q F2(string)
+2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E
+F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 658.8 Q F1<ad6e>108 670.8 Q F2(string)
+2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E
+F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 699.6 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5
+E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(35)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 36 36
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F1
-(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0
-(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 112.8 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37
-E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 124.8 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2
-(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A
-F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2
-(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385
-(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E
-(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\
-qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 136.8 R F1(ar)144
-148.8 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E
-F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G
--2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59
-(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,)
-144 160.8 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 E(g2)-.37
-E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937(luated as arithmetic e).25 F
-.937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E
-(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 172.8 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 189.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0
-.613(When a simple command is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614
-(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)2.5 E F1
+(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S .862(ue if the strings are equal.).35
+F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E
+F0 .861(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)
+144 108 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446
+(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747
+-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 120 Q F0(\).)A F1
+(string1)108 136.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 148.8 S
+(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 165.6 Q F2(<)2.5
+E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 177.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E
+F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15
+E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 194.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35
+(Tr)144 206.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1
+(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33
+223.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(OP)144 235.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2
+(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A
+F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385
+(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1
+(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\
+s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 247.2
+R F1(ar)144 259.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25
+G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F1(ar)3.92 E(g2)
+-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15
+G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E
+3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0
+(command,)144 271.2 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447
+E(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937
+(luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937
+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 283.2 Q F0(abo)
+2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614
+(When a simple command is e)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614
+(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613
(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F
-(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 213.6 Q(wing order)-.25
-E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 230.4 Q 1.849(The w)144 230.4 R 1.849
-(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848
+(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 324 Q(wing order)-.25 E
+(.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.848(The w)144 340.8 R 1.848
+(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849
(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F
-(name\) and redirections are sa)144 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G
-(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 259.2 Q .179(The w)144 259.2 R .179
+(name\) and redirections are sa)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G
+(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .18(The w)144 369.6 R .18
(ords that are not v)-.1 F .179
-(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15
-F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144
-271.2 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347
-(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346
-(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 283.2 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 300 Q
-(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108
-316.8 Q .716(The te)144 316.8 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0
-.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717
+(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15
+F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e)
+144 381.6 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F
+.347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347
+(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 393.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 410.4 Q
+(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 410.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)
+-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)
+108 427.2 Q .717(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217
+E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717
(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 328.8 R .339
+.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339
(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339
-(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 340.8 Q
-.586(If no command name results, the v)108 357.6 R .586
+(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 451.2 Q
+.587(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586
(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F
-3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \
+3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \
\(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\
-ssignment statements)108 369.6 R .835
-(are performed before redirections.)108 381.6 R .835(Otherwise, the v)
-5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835
-(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839
-(command and do not af)108 393.6 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F
-3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E 3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G
-.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 405.6 S
+ssignment statements)108 480 R .835(are performed before redirections.)
+108 492 R .835(Otherwise, the v)5.835 F .835
+(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838(command and do not af)108 504 R .838
+(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E
+3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .839
+(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 516 S
(lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e)
--.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149
-(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 422.4 R
-.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65
-(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 434.4
+-.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15
+(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R
+.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649
+(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8
Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064
-(If there is a command name left after e)108 451.2 R 1.064(xpansion, e)
+(If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e)
-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F
-4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108
-463.2 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069
-(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069
-(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 475.2 R .466
-(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466
-(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 487.2
-Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 504 Q F0
-.546(After a command has been split into w)108 516 R .547
+4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108
+573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069
+(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068
+(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466
+(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467
+(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6
+Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0
+.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546
(ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1
-F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 528 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.)
--.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \
-to locate it.)108 544.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379
+F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E
+(en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\
+mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379
(xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in)
-108 556.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G
+108 667.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G
.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)
2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F
-(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 568.8 Q 2.5
+(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5
(uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E
-(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31
-(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 585.6 R .309
-(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309
-(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 597.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663
-(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108
-609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E
-F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719
-(search of the directories in)108 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E
-F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)
-2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\
-es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 633.6 R F2(command_not_f)
-3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 645.6 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G
-1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006
-(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256
-(and the original command')108 657.6 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G
-.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755
-(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F
-.263(tus of that subshell.)108 669.6 R .263(If that function is not de\
-\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263
-(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 681.6 Q 1.089(If the search is success\
-ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)
-108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197
-(named program in a separate e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197
-(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198
-(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198
-(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 722.4 Q
-(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(36)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309
+(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31
+(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31
+(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662
+(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108
+720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E
+F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)
+-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(36)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 37 37
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.049(If this e)
-108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049
-(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048
-(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G
-3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .143(sumed to be a)108
-96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214)C
-.143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F
-2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 108 S
-.137(cute it.).15 F .137
-(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136
-(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636
-F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636
-E .865(the script, with the e)108 120 R .866
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72
+(search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)
+3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719
+(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F
+.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\
+ a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C
+3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)
+-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005
+(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005
+(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255
+(and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G
+.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756
+(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F
+.263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\
+\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263
+(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\
+l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108
+160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198
+(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198
+(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198
+(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197
+(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 184.8 Q
+(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 201.6 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048
+(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049
+(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G
+3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .143(sumed to be a)108
+213.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643
+(,a\214)C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)
+-2.643 F 2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108
+225.6 S .136(cute it.).15 F .136
+(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.136 F .137
+(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.637(ws)-.25 G .137(hell had been in)-2.637
+F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.637(dt).1 G 2.637(oh)-2.637 G(andle)-2.637
+E .866(the script, with the e)108 237.6 R .866
(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see)
--.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E
-(under)108 132 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0
-(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be)
-108 148.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\
-e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-)
--2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 160.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\
- handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv)
-108 172.8 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206
-(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206
-(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267
-(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 184.8 R
-.268(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-)
--.25 F(mand ar)108 196.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 213.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0
-(The shell has an)108 225.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E
+-.15 F F2(hash)3.365 E F0(belo)3.365 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 249.6 Q F1
+(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))
+A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347
+(If the program is a \214le be)108 266.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2
+(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\
+\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 278.4 R
+.678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\
+ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv)108 290.4 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)
+2.706 E .206(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)
+-.18 F .206(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .268
+(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 302.4 R
+.267(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-)
+-.25 F(mand ar)108 314.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 331.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0
+(The shell has an)108 343.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E
(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25
-E<83>108 242.4 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144
-242.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.405
+E<83>108 360 Q 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 360 R
+-.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406
(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec)
-3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 254.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 271.2 Q(the current w)
-144 271.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2
-(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5
-G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 288
-Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 288 Q F2(umask)2.5 E F0
-(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83>108
-304.8 Q(current traps set by)144 304.8 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 321.6 Q
-.256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 321.6 R .256
-(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .257
-(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E
-(in the en)144 333.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 350.4 Q
-(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 350.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 372 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 388.8 Q(the current w)144
+388.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.5
+E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G
+(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108
+405.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 405.6 Q F2(umask)2.5
+E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83>
+108 422.4 Q(current traps set by)144 422.4 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108
+439.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 439.2 R .256
+(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .256
+(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E
+(in the en)144 451.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 468 Q
+(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
-(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 367.2 Q
-(options enabled at in)144 367.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def)
+(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 484.8 Q
+(options enabled at in)144 484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def)
.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set)
-2.5 E F0<83>108 384 Q(options enabled by)144 384 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0<83>
-108 400.8 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 400.8 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-<83>108 417.6 Q -.25(va)144 417.6 S
+2.5 E F0<83>108 501.6 Q(options enabled by)144 501.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
+<83>108 518.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 518.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E
+F0<83>108 535.2 Q -.25(va)144 535.2 S
(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E
(alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E
-F3(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 434.4 R
-.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426
-(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas)
--2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 446.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133
+F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 552 R
+.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427
+(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas)
+-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 564 S .134(cution en).15 F .134
(vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F
-.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F
-(the shell.)108 458.4 Q<83>108 475.2 Q 1.056(the shell')144 475.2 R
-3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G
-1.056
+.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F
+(the shell.)108 576 Q<83>108 592.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 592.8 R 3.555
+(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056
(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-)
--3.556 F(mand)144 487.2 Q<83>108 504 Q(the current w)144 504 Q
-(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 520.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144
-520.8 Q<83>108 537.6 Q .856(shell v)144 537.6 R .857
+-3.556 F(mand)144 604.8 Q<83>108 621.6 Q(the current w)144 621.6 Q
+(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 638.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144
+638.4 Q<83>108 655.2 Q .857(shell v)144 655.2 R .857
(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857
(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857
-(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 549.6 Q(vironment)
--.4 E<83>108 566.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)
-144 566.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G
-.306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144
-578.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 595.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
-(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E
+(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 667.2 Q(vironment)
+-.4 E<83>108 684 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144
+684 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307
+(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 696 Q
+2.5(Ac)108 712.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G
+2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E
(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E
-(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 612 Q F1(subshell)2.5 E F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5
-(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E .577(Command substitut\
-ion, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands are i\
-n)108 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745
-(as)108 640.8 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245
-(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244(vironment, e)
--.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .358
-(reset to the v)108 652.8 R .358
-(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
-G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 664.8
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356
-(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-)
--.4 E(ment cannot af)108 676.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G
--.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108
-693.6 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377
-(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F
-F2<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)
-108 705.6 R(not in)2.5 E F1(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0
-(clears the)2.5 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405
-(If a command is follo)108 722.4 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.905 E F0
-.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G
-.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 729.6 Q F3(subshell)2.5 E F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5
+(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(37)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 38 38
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .197
-(is the empty \214le)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E
-(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198
-(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F
-(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)
-72 112.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 124.8 R -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G
--2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343
-(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F1(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45
-E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F1(name)108 136.8 Q
-F0<ad>A F1(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F1
-(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 153.6 R .438(vides se)-.15 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .577(Command subs\
+titution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands \
+are in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744
+(as)108 96 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 F .244
+(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245(vironment, e)
+-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .359
+(reset to the v)108 108 R .358
+(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
+G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo)
+-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 120 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357
+(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-)
+-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 132 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15
+(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108
+148.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377
+(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F
+/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)
+3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E
+F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 177.6
+R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti)
+2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405
+(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108
+189.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198
+(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197
+(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F
+(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 230.4
+R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)
+-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343
+(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45
+E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q
+F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2
+(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F
2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438
-(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\
+(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\
nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\
-r)108 165.6 R F1 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F
-2.703(cesses. Ex)108 177.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F
-2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and)
-2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203
-(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332
-(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 189.6 R
+r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F
+2.704(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F
+2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)
+2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703
+(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332
+(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 295.2 R
2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332
-(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131
-(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 201.6 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131
-(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132
-(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E
-.321(inherited by an)108 213.6 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321
+(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132
+(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131
+(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131
+(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E
+.32(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321
(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321
-(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-)
--.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 225.6 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G
-.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G
-(he)-3.034 E F3(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya)
--.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F3(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E
-F3(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 237.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)
-2.5 E .563(The en)108 254.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1
-.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562
+(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321
+(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R
+3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G
+3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)
+3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E
+F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E
+F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 360 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)
+-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563
(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F
-.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 266.4 R .502 -.15(ve i)
+.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i)
-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5
9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F
-.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 278.4 Q
-(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 295.2 R F3<ad6b>
-3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F1(all)3.64 E F0
-.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 307.2 Q
+.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.)
+-.4 E .81(If the)108 400.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81
+(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81
+(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81
+(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 412.8 Q
(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.)
--.4 E(When)108 324 Q F3(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
-.2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v)-3.735
-F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.585 E F0 1.086
+-.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
+(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)
+-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085
(is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F
-(passed to that command in its en)108 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F2(EXIT ST)
-72 352.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 364.8 R .151
-(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v)
-.15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15
-(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847
-(tion. Exit)108 376.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347
+(passed to that command in its en)108 441.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3
+(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 470.4 R
+.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v)
+.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151
+(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848
+(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347
(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F
-1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25
-F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 388.8 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G
-.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507
+1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25
+F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G
+.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507
(uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F
-(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108
-400.8 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15
-(Fo)108 417.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G
-.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F
-.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873
-(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 429.6 R 2.549(An)
-5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549
-(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f)
--2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 441.6 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash)
-2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E
-(xit status.)-.15 E .404
-(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 458.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405
-(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 470.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 487.2
+(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108
+506.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15
+(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G
+.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F
+.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872
+(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.548(An)
+5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549
+(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f)
+-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)
+2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E
+(xit status.)-.15 E .405
+(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 564 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404
+(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 592.8
Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E
(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.)
--.15 E .081(Shell b)108 504 R .081
-(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C
-2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0
-2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F
-(the)108 516 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F
--.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468
+-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 609.6 R .08
+(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C
+2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0
+2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while)
+-2.581 F(the)108 621.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968
+(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468
(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 528 Q(guments.)-.18 E
-(The e)108 544.8 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va)
--.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F3(Bash)108 561.6 Q F0
-.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e)
--.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201
-(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 573.6
-Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3
-(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2
-(SIGN)72 590.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 602.4 Q F3(bash)2.502 E F0 .002
+(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18
+E(The e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va)
+-.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 667.2 Q F0
+.201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e)
+-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202
+(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 679.2
+Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1
+(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3
+(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002
(is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G
.002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores)
--2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F3 .002(kill 0)
-2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 614.4 Q 1.216
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915
-(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F3(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F
-F3(bash)108 626.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0
-(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5
-E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25
-E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 643.2 Q 1.064
-(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15
-(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065
-(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108
-655.2 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747
-(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and)
-2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652
-(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 667.2 R .653
-(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 679.2 Q F4
-(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4
-(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 696 R 2.046(xits by def)
--.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0
-2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15
-(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 708 Q F0 1.004
-(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent)
-6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)
--.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 720 Q
-F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \
-from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0)
+2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.215
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915
+(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 39 39
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.356
-(jobs table with the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1
-E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.356
-(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E
-1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2
-(SIGHUP)108 96 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A
-.166(If the)108 112.8 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(bash)108 84 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)
+-.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)
+-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)
+2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0(Non-b)
+108 100.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)
+3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F
+1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)
+108 112.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747
+(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and)
+2.998 E F2(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653
+(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 124.8 R .653
+(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 136.8 Q F2
+(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2
+(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.045
+(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)4.545 E
+F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0
+1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004
+(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F2(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004
+(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15
+(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)
+5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\
+ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15
+G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso)
+3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356
+(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E
+1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2
+(SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A
+.166(If the)108 218.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166
(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash)
2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108
-124.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 141.6 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F
+230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F
.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)
--3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663
+-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662
(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E
-F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326
-(via the)108 165.6 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \
+F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327
+(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \
reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F
-F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F
-(turn immediately with an e)108 177.6 Q
+F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F
+(turn immediately with an e)108 283.2 Q
(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and)
-108 194.4 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore)
--.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108
-206.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and)
+108 300 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore)
+-.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105
(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105
(\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105
-(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108
-218.4 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the \
-same process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 230.4 Q F1(^C)2.5 E
-F0(sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0
-(to all processes in that process group.)2.25 E(When)108 247.2 Q F1
-(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3
-(aiting for a fore)-.1 F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 259.2 R .81
+(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108
+324 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\
+me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 336 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0
+(sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.)
+2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3
+(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1
+F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 364.8 R .809
(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81
(ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F
-F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 271.2 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(:)A F0(1.)108 288
-Q .002(If the command terminates due to the)144 288 R F2(SIGINT)2.502 E
-F3(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003
+F2(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .003
+(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.503 E F3
+(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .002
(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F
-(script, and acts on the)144 300 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0
+(script, and acts on the)144 405.6 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0
(\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E
-(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 316.8 Q .289
-(If the command does not terminate due to)144 316.8 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E
-F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288
-(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 328.8 R .728
+(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .288
+(If the command does not terminate due to)144 422.4 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E
+F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289
+(itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728
(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728
(does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728
-(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772
-(stead assuming that the)144 340.8 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G
-3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G
-.771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409
+(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771
+(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G
+3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G
+.772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41
(uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144
-352.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E
-F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144
-364.8 Q F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F
-3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-)
--.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 376.8 Q(.)-.65 E
-/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 393.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 405.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)
--.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+458.4 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E
+F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144
+470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.788 E F3(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F
+3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-)
+-.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 482.4 Q(.)-.65 E
+/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 499.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol)
+-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37
-(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 417.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165
-(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164
-(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164
-(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 429.6 Q
+(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165
+(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165
+(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165
+(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 535.2 Q
(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15
-G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 446.4 R
-F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F
-.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 458.4 R F1
-(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325
-(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E
-(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 470.4
-Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 487.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
-umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\
-ociated)108 504 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 516 R .732
+G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 552 R
+F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F
+.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784
+(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs)
+2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325
+(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E
+(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q
+(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 592.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\
+mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\
+ciated)108 609.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .733
(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 528 Q F5(job)
-4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8
-(To f)108 544.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
+5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job)
+4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8
+(To f)108 650.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
.7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1
-F 1.538(tion of a)108 556.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37
-F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537
+F 1.537(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37
+F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-568.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 580.8 Q
-F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for)
+674.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
+(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 686.4 Q
+F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for)
5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E
-(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485
-F .145(group ID dif)108 592.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
-(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146
-(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16
-(ground processes are allo)108 604.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
+(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485
+F .146(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
+(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16
+(ground processes are allo)108 710.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6
10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter)
--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 616.8 R .551
-(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551
-(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F
-.718(terminal are sent a)108 628.8 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F
-(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55
-G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717
-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 640.8 Q 1.087
-(If the operating system on which)108 657.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
-(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 669.6 S
-.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically)
-3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
-(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 681.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
-7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
-(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
-mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108
-693.6 R(to)108 705.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
-(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
-F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17
-(background, the)108 717.6 R F1(fg)2.67 E F0 .17
-(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F1
-(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F1(^Z)2.67 E F0
-(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 2.679(fect immediately)108 729.6 R 5.179
-(,a)-.65 G 2.679(nd has the additional side ef)-5.179 F 2.68
-(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)
-72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551
+(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551
+(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 40 40
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(discarded.)108 84
-Q .777(There are a number of w)108 100.8 R .777
-(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)
-3.277 F(\()108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.457
-(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957(may be referred to as)
-3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .717
+(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)
+3.217 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218
+(st)-.55 G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H
+.718(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.088
+(If the operating system on which)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)
+3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8
+(Ty)108 124.8 S .301(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141
+E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
+(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
+F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0
+7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
+2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C
+(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
+mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108
+148.8 R(to)108 160.8 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
+(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
+F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17
+(background, the)108 172.8 R F2(fg)2.67 E F0 .17
+(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F2
+(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F2(^Z)2.67 E F0
+(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.919
+(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418
+(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
+108 196.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 213.6 R .777
+(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2
+(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 225.6
+Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957
+(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)
-108 124.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E
+108 237.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E
F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108
-136.8 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F1(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap)
--5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F1(bash)2.885
-E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 148.8 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing)
--5.194 E F1(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194
+249.6 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F2(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap)
+-5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885
+E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 261.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing)
+-5.194 E F2(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194
(he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194
-(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F1(ce)2.694 E F0 .194
+(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F0 .194
(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306
-(substring matches more than one job,)108 160.8 R F1(bash)2.806 E F0
+(substring matches more than one job,)108 273.6 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0
.306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F
-F1(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F1(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell')
-2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 172.8 R F2(curr)2.833 E .133
+F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell')
+2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.832 E .133
(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133
(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore)
--.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108
-184.8 R F2(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075
-(may be referenced using)2.805 F F1<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft)
--5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F1(%+)2.576 E F0(and)
-2.576 E F1<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317
-(be used to refer to that job)108 196.8 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317
-G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F1
-(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108
-208.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.533 E F0 2.533
-(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F
1<ad>2.533
-E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033
+-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108
+297.6 R F3(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076
+(may be referenced using)2.806 F F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft)
+-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F2(%+)2.575 E F0(and)
+2.575 E F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317
+(be used to refer to that job)108 309.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317
+G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2
+(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108
+321.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533
+(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F
2<ad>2.533
+E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032
(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108
-220.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 237.6 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
-(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-249.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
-(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
-(equi)108 261.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 278.4
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F
-(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
-(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 290.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
-.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 302.4 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0
-.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108
-314.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 331.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1
-(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533
-(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 343.2 R F1
-(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003
+333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 350.4 R
+(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
+-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
+(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
+362.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
+(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
+(equi)108 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
+5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
+(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
+.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
+(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F2<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
+(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.647 E F0 .148
+(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15
+(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 427.2 Q(xits.)
+-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.533 E F0
+.033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532
+(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 456 R F2
+(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002
-(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002
-(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
-108 355.2 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955
-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a)
-5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 367.2 R .604
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003
+(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
+108 468 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955
+(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a)
+5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 379.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E
-.644(When the shell is w)108 396 R .644
-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0
-(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 408 R F1
-<ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282
+(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645
+(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .645
+(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0
+(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2
+<ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F0 .282
(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F
-(fore returning.)108 420 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 436.8 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 448.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E
-F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
-(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 460.8 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E
-F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 472.8 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E
-F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
2(mand when the)108 484.8 R F1<ad78>
-3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
+(fore returning.)108 532.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 549.6 Q
+(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645
+(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E
+F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
+(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427
+(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F2(Bash)5.428 E
+F0(displays)2.928 E F1(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038
+(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.038(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.537 E
+F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037
+(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
1(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2<ad78>
+3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
-as follo)108 496.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 508.8 Q F0
-(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 508.8 Q F1(\\d)144 520.8 Q F0
-(the date in "W)180 520.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 532.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180
-544.8 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)
-3.926 E F0 1.427
+as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0
+(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 621.6 Q F2(\\d)144 633.6 Q F0
+(the date in "W)180 633.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 645.6 Q F3(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180
+657.6 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime)
+3.927 E F0 1.427
(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
-556.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0
+669.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 568.8 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 568.8 Q F1(\\h)144 580.8 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 580.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 592.8
-Q F0(the hostname)180 592.8 Q F1(\\j)144 604.8 Q F0
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 604.8 Q F1(\\l)
-144 616.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 616.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
-(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 628.8 Q F0(ne)180 628.8 Q
-(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 640.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 640.8 Q F1(\\s)
-144 652.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 652.8 Q F1($0)
-2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1
-(\\t)144 664.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180
-664.8 Q F1(\\T)144 676.8 Q F0
-(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 676.8 Q F1(\\@)144
-688.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 688.8 Q F1(\\A)
-144 700.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 700.8 Q F1
-(\\u)144 712.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 712.8 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 681.6 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 681.6 Q F2(\\h)144 693.6 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 693.6 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 705.6
+Q F0(the hostname)180 705.6 Q F2(\\j)144 717.6 Q F0
+(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 717.6 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 41 41
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\v)144 84 Q F0(the v)180 84 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 96 Q F0(the release of)180 96 Q F1
+SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 84 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 96 Q F0(ne)180 96 Q
+(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0(carriage return)180 108 Q F1(\\s)144
+120 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 120 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0
+(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
+132 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 132 Q F1(\\T)
+144 144 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 144 Q F1
+(\\@)144 156 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 156 Q F1
+(\\A)144 168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 168 Q F1
+(\\u)144 180 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144
+192 Q F0(the v)180 192 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)180 204 Q F1
(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 108 Q F0 .12(the v)180 108 R
-.119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119
+(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .119(the v)180 216
+R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119
(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F
-(the v)180 120 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)
--.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 132 Q F0
-(the basename of)180 132 Q F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F2
-($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 144 Q
-F0(the history number of this command)180 144 Q F1(\\#)144 156 Q F0
-(the command number of this command)180 156 Q F1(\\$)144 168 Q F0
-(if the ef)180 168 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E
-F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 180 Q/F3 10
+(the v)180 228 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)
+-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 240 Q F0
+(the basename of)180 240 Q F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F2
+($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 252 Q
+F0(the history number of this command)180 252 Q F1(\\#)144 264 Q F0
+(the command number of this command)180 264 Q F1(\\$)144 276 Q F0
+(if the ef)180 276 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E
+F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 288 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
-(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 180 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E
-F1(\\\\)144 192 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 192 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 204 Q
-F0(be)180 204 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
+(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 288 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E
+F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 300 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q
+F0(be)180 312 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 216 Q F1(\\])144 228 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 228 Q .12
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 244.8 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\
-n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 256.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
-(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 268.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
-osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
-(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 280.8 R .822
-(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822
-(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,)
--.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 292.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
-F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F
-F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-)
-3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 304.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197
-(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198
-(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)
-108 316.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
+(control sequence into the prompt)180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .119
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 352.8 R
+.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\
+ in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\
+ory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
+osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355
+(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822
+(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822
+(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,)
+-.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
+F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F
+F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-)
+3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198
+(command under)3.698 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197
+(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)
+108 424.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108
-328.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-72 345.6 Q F0 .15
+436.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+72 453.6 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 357.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 369.6 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385
-(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F1<ad65>2.884 E F0 .384
-(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G
-2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 381.6 S 1.406
+108 465.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2
+(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384
+(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F1<ad65>2.885 E F0 .385
+(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G
+2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.407
(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F
-3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 405.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
+(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
+-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q
+(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E
+(emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
+108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
-1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
--.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
--.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .831
-(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
-(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0
-3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83
-(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
-(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 482.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3
-(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099
-(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)
+-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
+-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152
+(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .83
+(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65
+(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33
+(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831
+(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H
+.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0
+.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
+-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
-.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096
+.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096
(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G
-.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E
-(ho)108 523.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti)
-.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E
+(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti)
+.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 535.2 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
-1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 547.2 Q
+1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 564 R F3
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
-(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 576 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
+(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3
+(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 588 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 600 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 616.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
-tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 628.8
-R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 640.8 R .573(en from the v)
--.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G
-3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)3.073 F .573
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.573
-E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat)-3.073 E 3.062
-(\214le does)108 652.8 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562
-(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F3
-(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561
-(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\
- the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 664.8 R .475 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175
-(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 676.8 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239
-(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239
-(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238
-(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553
-(ning with a)108 688.8 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554
-(Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554
-(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554
-F -.1(ke)108 700.8 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E
-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 717.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)
-3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
-(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 729.6 Q
-(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg
+EP
%%Page: 42 42
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S
-2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 100.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 112.8 Q
-(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)
--.18 E(into the)108 136.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37
-E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)
--.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.011
-(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G
-(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72
-E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)4.141 E
-F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E
-F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5
-G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108
-182.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G
-2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)
--2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 194.4 Q F1(macr)
-2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 211.2 Q
-(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R
-.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37
-E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366
-(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te)
-108 235.2 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264
-(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-)
-5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138
-(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .138
-(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or)2.638 E F1(Contr)
-2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439
--.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 259.2 Q .161(When using the form)
-108 276 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E
-F0(or)2.661 E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)
--.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16
-(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15
-E(Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E
-(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E
-(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .698(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15
-(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698
-(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G
-(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698
-(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2
-(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1
-(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\
+tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591
+F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 108 R .573
+(en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)
+3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F2
+(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat)
+-3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 120 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562
+(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F2
+(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562
+(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\
+ the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .474 -.15(ey b)
+-.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174
+(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 144 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238
+(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239
+(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239
+(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554
+(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554
+(Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554
+(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553
+F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.)
+-.25 E .986(The def)108 184.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987
+(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0
+3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may)
+3.487 F(add their o)108 196.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15
+(Fo)108 213.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E
+(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 230.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E
+(gument)-.18 E(or)108 242.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 254.4 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 266.4 Q F2(inputr)
+2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)
+-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2(univer)2.58 E
+(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 283.2 R
+1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU)
+3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)4.021 E
+F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F2
+(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83
+E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E
+F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209
+(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 312 R .209(ws k)-.25 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209
+(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)
+-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 324 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1
+(Readline K)87 340.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366
+(The syntax for controlling k)108 352.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366
+(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366
+(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the)
+5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)
+-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.)
+.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108
+376.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15
+(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or)
+2.638 E F2(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138
+(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q
+.16(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A
+F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A
+F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e)
+-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 453.6 Q
+(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .699
+(In the abo)108 482.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)
+3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)
+-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698
+(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 494.4 Q F1
+(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2
+(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259
(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108
-376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0
-(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.555
-E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr)
-2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056
-(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15
-(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284
-(denoting an entire k)108 405.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\
+506.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0
+(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.556
+E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr)
+2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055
+(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15
+(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284
+(denoting an entire k)108 535.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\
ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F
-(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H
-.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386
-(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F
-(are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)
+(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H
+.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385
+(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F
+(are not recognized.)108 559.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E
-("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q
-("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315
-(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)
-3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0
-.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G
-<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1
-(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3
-(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 523.2 Q F2
-<5c43ad>144 535.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 535.2 Q F2<5c4dad>144 547.2
-Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 547.2 Q F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q F0
-(an escape character)180 559.2 Q F2(\\\\)144 571.2 Q F0(backslash)180
-571.2 Q F2(\\")144 583.2 Q F0(literal ")180 583.2 Q F2<5c08>144 595.2 Q
-F0(literal \010)180 595.2 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\
-equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 624 Q F2(\\b)144
-636 Q F0(backspace)180 636 Q F2(\\d)144 648 Q F0(delete)180 648 Q F2
-(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)180 660 Q F2(\\n)144 672 Q F0(ne)180 672 Q
-(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return)180 684 Q F2(\\t)144
-696 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 696 Q F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 708 S
-(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(42)193.45
-E 0 Cg EP
+("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 595.2 Q
+("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314
+(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag)
+3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1
+G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0
+.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>
+.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~)
+3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1)
+2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108
+652.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 664.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 664.8 Q F1<5c4dad>
+144 676.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 676.8 Q F1(\\e)144 688.8 Q F0
+(an escape character)180 688.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 700.8 Q F0(backslash)180
+700.8 Q F1(\\")144 712.8 Q F0(literal ")180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
+Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 43 43
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
-(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96
-Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q(alue is the he)
--.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E
-2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141
-(When entering the te)108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
- quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09
-(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F
-.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089
-(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
-136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
+SF<5c08>144 84 Q F0(literal \010)180 84 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs \
+style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 100.8
+Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 112.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180
+112.8 Q F1(\\b)144 124.8 Q F0(backspace)180 124.8 Q F1(\\d)144 136.8 Q
+F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1
+(\\n)144 160.8 Q F0(ne)180 160.8 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 172.8 Q F0
+(carriage return)180 172.8 Q F1(\\t)144 184.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
+184.8 Q F1(\\v)144 196.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 196.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1
+(\\)144 208.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 208.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
+(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144
+220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q
+(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
+(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142
+(When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
+ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089
+(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15
+F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09
+(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
+261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E
-F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25
-F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
-(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0
--.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .346 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045
-(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F
+.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the)
+.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045
+(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15
+(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046
+(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 206.4
+(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2
R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E
-F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2
-(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 247.2 Q F1(bind)2.5 E
-F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
+(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E
+F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2
+(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 372 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0
+-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79
-(Except where noted, readline v)108 264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
+(Except where noted, readline v)108 388.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1
(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).)
-.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 276 R .448
+.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 400.8 R .448
(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)
--.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449
-(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
+-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448
+(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467
(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)
2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25
-F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467
-(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
-
300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 316.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
-(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 328.8 S .229(tring v)
--2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229
-(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23
-(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 340.8 Q 1.527
+F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468
+(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
+
424.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 441.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
+(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.73(As)144 453.6 S .23(tring v)-2.73
+F .23(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229
+(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .229
+(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.526
(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F
-1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15
-(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 352.8 Q .283
-(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784
-(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284
+1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.027(eu)-.1 G 4.027(pa)-4.027 G -.15
+(ny)-4.027 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .284
+(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.784(,s)-.65 G 2.784
+(oi)-2.784 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .283
(hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45
-(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 364.8 R .45
+(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 489.6 R .45
(xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95
-(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378
-(the def)144 376.8 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379
-(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379
-(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655
-(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 388.8 R
-3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654
-(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 400.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
-("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108
412.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
-(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 424.8 S 1.408(tring v)
--3.908 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F
+(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .379
+(the def)144 501.6 R .379(ault v)-.1 F .379(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 2.879(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.879 F .379
+(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .378
+(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .654
+(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 513.6 R
+3.155(st)-.55 G .655(erminfo description.)-3.155 F 3.155(As)5.655 G .655
+(ample v)-3.155 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
+("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108
537.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
+(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.909(As)144 549.6 S 1.409(tring v)
+-3.909 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F
F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0
-1.409(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216
-(terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 436.8 R .216
+1.408(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216
+(terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 561.6 R .216
(xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716
(ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p)
--2.716 E(an)144 448.8 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237
+-2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.738(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.738 G 1.238
(sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737
-(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238
-(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It)
-144 460.8 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928
-F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927
-(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518
-(reset to the def)144 472.8 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F
+(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.237
+(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.927(quences. It)
+144 585.6 R .427(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.927
+F .428(xt in the acti)-.15 F .728 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.928
+(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.928 G .428(riable is).25 F .519
+(reset to the def)144 597.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F
.518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25
-F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\
-erminal')144 484.8 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F
-(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 496.8 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 508.8 Q F0 .01
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 520.8 R .011
-(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none)
-2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
-.94(rings the bell.)144 532.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
-F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25
-(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0
-(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 544.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
-(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 556.8 Q F0
-.055(If set to)144 568.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
-empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 580.8 Q -.15
+F .251(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\
+erminal')144 609.6 R 2.752(st)-.55 G .252(erminfo description.)-2.752 F
+(A)5.252 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .011
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 645.6 R .011
+(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51
+E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94
+(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
+3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
+-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A
+(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
+-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 .056
+(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
+s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 592.8 Q(en \(Off\))
--.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 604.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
-(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
-(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
-(parenthesis is inserted.)144 616.8 Q F1(color)108 628.8 Q
-(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)
-144 640.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\
-eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F
-2.936(completions using a dif)144 652.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F
-7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 664.8 Q
-F0(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
-(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577
-(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 676.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\
-ored-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\
-\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 688.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108
-700.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 712.8 R F1(On)
-4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579
-(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58
-(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 724.8 R
-(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25
-E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(43)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 44 44
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(comment\255begin \(`)108 84 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885
-(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 96 R F1
-(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 108 Q F1
+SF(blink\255matching\255par)108 84 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)
+144 96 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)
+-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
+(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
+(parenthesis is inserted.)144 108 Q F1(color)108 120 Q
+(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)
+144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\
+dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935
+(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)
+-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936
+(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0
+(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
+(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577
+(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\
+ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\
+\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 192
+Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.08 E F0
+4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F
+1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144
+216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)
+-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884
+(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1
+(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
-108 120 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
-e matches when performing completion.)144 132 R .194(The v)144 144 R
+108 264 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
+e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .193(The v)144 288 R
.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
-screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F
-(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 156 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 168 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 180 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C
+screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
+(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 300 Q(The def)5 E
+(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 312 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C
(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 192 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 204 R
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 348 R
F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
-(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094
-(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 216 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093
+(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 360 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E
.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1
-(completion\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0
+(completion\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0
.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\
-ble completions that is displayed)144 240 R 1.274
-(without modi\214cation.)144 252 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
-(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
-(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 264 S(lue are replaced with an \
+ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.275
+(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
+(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
+(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 408 S(lue are replaced with an \
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 276 Q F0 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 288 R .529
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 300 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
-.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 312 R
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .53
+(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
+144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061
+F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v)
+-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 456 R
.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 324 S .367
+the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .368
(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F
-2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368
-(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 336 R 3.173(Az)
-5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
-E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 348 Q
-F1(con)108 360 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)
-144 372 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F
+2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367
+(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.172(Az)
+5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
+E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q
+F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)
+144 516 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k)
-.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
+.15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 384 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F
-(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 396 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
+144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F
+(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 420 R F1
+(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 564 R F1
(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 432 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 444 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211
-(When set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G
-1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
+144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21
+(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211
+(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 468 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 480 Q F0 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 492 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
-(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 504 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 516 Q F0 .518(If the)144 528
-R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
-.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142
+(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
+.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0
+(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0
+(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672
+R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G
+.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .622
-(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 540
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F
-.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 552 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G
-.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F
-.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 564 S 2.798
+(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F
+.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G
+.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F
+.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798
(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 576 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
-(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 600 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746
-(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746
-(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746
-(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344
-(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 612 R F2 -.37(re)
-2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-)
--2.845 F(lo)144 624 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25
-F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re)
--5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098
-(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 636 R .97(xt in the re)
--.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)
-3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471
-(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485
-(the string that enables the terminal')144 648 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485
-(tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15
-(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by)
--.15 F(brack)144 660 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te)
--2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.)
--.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 672 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84
-(When set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\
-res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2
-E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\
-ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 696 R -.15
-(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 708 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158
-(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 720 Q(xt.)-.15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg
+EP
%%Page: 45 45
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 96 R
+SF(enable\255acti)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0
+(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.245 E F0 .746
+(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746
+(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746
+(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F .344
+(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 108 R F2 -.37(re)
+2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-)
+-2.844 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25
+F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re)
+-5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098
+(eadline high-)-2.598 F .971(lights the te)144 132 R .971(xt in the re)
+-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)3.47
+E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.47(,w)C .97
+(hich def)-3.47 F .97(aults to)-.1 F .484
+(the string that enables the terminal')144 144 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485
+(tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15
+(eg).15 G .485(ion sho).15 F .485(ws the te)-.25 F .485(xt inserted by)
+-.15 F(brack)144 156 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te)
+-2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.)
+-.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .841
+(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\
+gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf)
+-.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \
+treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15
+(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158
+(ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
+.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1
+(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 240 R
F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 252 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 288 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 300 Q F0(If set to)144 312 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.052
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 324 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052
E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\
-e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25
+e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E
F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\))
-108 216 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R
+108 360 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R
-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)
--3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599
-E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 240 R 2.983(we)-.25 G
-.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482
-(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 252 R .277(By def)5.277 F
-.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 264 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411
-F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41
-F(alue,)-.25 E
-(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 276 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 288 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
-(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
+-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598
+E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.982(we)-.25 G
+.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483
+(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278
+(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.278 F
+.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277
+(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
+3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2
+(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E
+(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 420 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 312 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 324 R
+ ne)144 456 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 468 R
(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1
-(input\255meta \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)
-3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
-is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336
-(characters it reads\), re)144 360 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
-(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name)
-5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 372 S(ynon)
--2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
+(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)
+3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
+is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335
+(characters it reads\), re)144 504 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
+(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)
+5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 516 S(ynon)
+-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364
-(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365
-(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 384 Q F1
-(isear)108 396 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
+(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364
+(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1
+(isear)108 540 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\
-ental search without subsequently e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
-.934(ing the character as a command.)144 420 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
-.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
-(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 432 Q F2
+ental search without subsequently e)144 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
+.935(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
+.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
+(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2
(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 444 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
-456 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041
-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 468 R F0 2.542(,a)C
+108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 600
+R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
+(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
+(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042
+(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 612 R F0 2.542(,a)C
(nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042
(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)
-2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 480 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C
-.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs)
-3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 492
-Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 504 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 516 R
+2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+.448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C
+.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs)
+3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F1
+(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 636
+Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 648 S
+(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R
F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 528 R .825
+(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
+-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .824
-.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E
-3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G
-.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 540 R
+3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G
+.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R
1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei)
-3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F
-F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b)
-144 552 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407
+3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F
+F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b)
+144 696 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407
(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907
-(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F
-.05(1000 means that)144 564 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05
+(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F
+.05(1000 means that)144 708 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05
(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05
(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
-(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 576 R(alue,)-.25
+(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 720 R(alue,)-.25
E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.551 E(to decide which k)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 600 Q(ectories \(On\))
--.18 E F0(If set to)144 612 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
+(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
+-2.552 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 46 46
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(to decide which k)
+144 84 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(equence to complete.).15 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 96 Q(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0
+(If set to)144 108 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
-.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 624 Q F0(If set to)144
-636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
+.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 120 Q F0(If set to)144
+132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
-(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 648 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 660 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
+(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 144 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
+(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
2.675(,c)C .175
(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 672
+-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 168
Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1
-(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 684 Q F0 .193(This v)144 696 R
-.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192
-(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192
-(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456
-(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 708 R .456
+(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .192(This v)144 192 R
+.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192
+(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193
+(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457
+(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 204 R .456
(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
--2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
-(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 46 46
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 84 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
-1.586(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu completi\
-on displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 108 Q
-(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 120 Q F0
-.506(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \
+-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
+(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 216 Q F1
+(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
+1.585(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
+ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
+-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q
+(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 264 Q F0
+.507(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\
-ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 144 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
+ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E
(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)
-3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
-156 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 168 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 180
+3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
+300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 324
R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2
(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
-(tions at a time.)144 192 Q F1
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .228
-(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
+(tions at a time.)144 336 Q F1
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .227
+(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or)
--2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 228 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
-(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 240 T
-(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 252 R
-F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699
+-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 372 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
+(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 384 T
+(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 396 R
+F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 264 S
+-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 408 S
2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186
-(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 276 S(adline)
-.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 288 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E
-F0 .303(This alters the def)144 300 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304
+(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 420 S(adline)
+.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 432 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E
+F0 .304(This alters the def)144 444 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)
-2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
+2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
-isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 312 R(bell.)144 324 Q F1
-(sho)108 336 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
-(This alters the def)144 348 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
-(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 360 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C
-4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691
+isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 456 R(bell.)144 468 Q F1
+(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
+(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to)
+-.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C
+4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691
(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691
-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 372 R 3.539
+(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 516 R 3.54
(yp)-.15 G 1.039
-(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F
-3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\
-s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 384 Q F1
-(sho)108 396 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022
-(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022
-(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021
+(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F
+3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\
+es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1
+(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021
+(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022
+(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022
(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F
-(command, or vi insertion.)144 420 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E
+(command, or vi insertion.)144 564 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E
(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1
-(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 444 R
-F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095
-(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095
-(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 456 Q
-2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
-(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1
-F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \
-the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 468 R
-1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 480 Q
+(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 588 R
+F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095
+(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094
+(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 600 Q
+2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
+(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1
+F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \
+the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 612 R
+1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q
(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1
-(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 492 Q F0 .518(If the)144
-504 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
-.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .517(If the)144
+648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G
+.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)
-144 516 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476
-(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 528 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F
+144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475
+(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F
2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33
(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33
-(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 540 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F
-.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
+(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va)
+-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
+.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144
-552 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 564 Q F0 .518
-(If the)144 576 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
--.25(va)3.018 G .517
+696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 47 47
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .517(If the)144
+96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45
+E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518
(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144
-588 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v)
-5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 600 S .924(panded lik).15 F
-3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923
-(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 612 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F
-.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
+108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v)
+5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .923(panded lik).15 F
+3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924
+(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924
+(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va)
+-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
+.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144
-624 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 648 R
+144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 168 R
F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F
3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846
(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
-(when listing possible completions.)144 660 Q F1
-(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 676.8 Q F0 .05
-(Readline implements a f)108 688.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
-he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097
-(which allo)108 700.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
+(when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1
+(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05
+(Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
+he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096
+(which allo)108 220.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
(indings and v).15 F .096
-(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096
-(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(46)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 47 47
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF($if)108 84 Q F0(The)144 84 Q F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)
-2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the term\
-inal being used,)-.25 F(or the application using readline.)144 96 Q
-(The te)5 E(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(omparison operator)-2.5 E(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 108 S(tends to the end\
- of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to iso\
-late it.).15 E F1(mode)144 124.8 Q F0(The)180 124.8 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E
-F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511
--.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211
-(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065
-(mode. This)180 136.8 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F
-F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to)
-3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 148.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235
-E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F
-(out in emacs mode.)180 160.8 Q F1(term)144 177.6 Q F0(The)180 177.6 Q
-F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696
-(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 189.6 R
+(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
+(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.963
+E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\
+he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F
+(or the application using readline.)144 261.6 Q(The te)5 E
+(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E
+(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 273.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\
+erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode)
+144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)
+3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711
+(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F
+3.065(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)
+3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565
+(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 314.4 R
+F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)
+3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F
+(out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q
+F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
+(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
+(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R
.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 201.6 Q F1(=)3.231
-E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232
+E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180
-
213.6 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
+
379.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E
-F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 230.4 S(rsion).1 E F0
-(The)180 242.4 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
-(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608
-(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 254.4 Q F1
--.1(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271
-(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272
-(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 266.4 Q F1(=)3.064 E
-F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A
-F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd)
--3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563
+F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 396 S(rsion).1 E F0
+(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
+(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609
+(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 420 Q F1 -.1
+(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272
+(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271
+(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.063 E
+F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A
+F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd)
+-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564
(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318
-(of the operator consists of a major v)180 278.4 R .318(ersion number)
--.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318
-(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180
-290.4 R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101
-(\). If the minor v)B .1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F
-F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C(he)-5.1 E .06
-(operator may be separated from the string)180 302.4 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G
-(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06(ersion number ar)-.15 F
-(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 314.4 Q F1(application)144 331.2 Q F0
-(The)180 343.2 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503
-(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F
-.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
-355.2 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114
-(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v)
-180 367.2 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F
-.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F
-.396(ci\214c program.)180 379.2 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
+(of the operator consists of a major v)180 444 R .318(ersion number)-.15
+F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318
+(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 456 R
+.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101
+(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T)
+C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1
+-.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06
+(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 480 Q F1
+(application)144 496.8 Q F0(The)180 508.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0
+.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003
+F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
+520.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114
+(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180
+532.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397
+(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 391.2
-Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 415.2 Q F0
-(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 427.2 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)
--.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 439.2 Q F1($endif)180
-451.2 Q F2(variable)144 468 Q F0(The)180 480 Q F2(variable)3.777 E F0
-1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276
-(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v)
--.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 492
-R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=)
-2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08(ariable name must be sepa-)
--.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the operat\
-or may be separated from)180 504 R .129(the v)180 516 R .129
-(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .13
-(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F
-(tested. Boolean v)180 528 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E
+(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8
+Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 580.8 Q F0
+(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 592.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)
+-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 604.8 Q F1($endif)180
+616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E
+F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276
+(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)
+-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180
+657.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2
+(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079
+(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\
+or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .13
+(the v)180 681.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F
+.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F
+(tested. Boolean v)180 693.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E
(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f)
--.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 544.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)
-144 544.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0
-(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 561.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)
-144 561.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108
-578.4 Q F0 .357(This directi)144 590.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E
-.357(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356
+-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 710.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)
+144 710.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0
+(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(47)199.835 E
+0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 48 48
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF($else)108 84 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 84 Q F1($if)2.5
+E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .356
+(This directi)144 112.8 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356
+(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357
(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F)
-144 602.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3
--.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1
-($include)144 626.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 643.2 Q
-(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 655.2 R .834
+144 124.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3
+-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5
+E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 148.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37
+E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .835
(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E
-.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 667.2 Q
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E
+.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q
(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E
(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51
-E .698(Incremental searches be)108 684 R .698
+E .697(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .697
(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
-.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112
-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 696 R .112
+.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113
+(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112
(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
-E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542
-(incremental search requires only as man)108 708 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542
-(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541
-(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v)
-108 720 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E
-F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224
-(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)
-72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 48 48
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .66(If that v)108
-84 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
+E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542
+(incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G
+.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F
+5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224
+(acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)
+2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224
+(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66
+(If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
-F .096(mental search.)108 96 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremental\
- search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is)
-5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\
-mes the current line.)108 108 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 124.8 T 1.339(nd \
-other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\
- as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108
-136.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F
-.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E
-5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 148.8 R .475 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .174
+F .097(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
+tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096
+(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
+e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)
+108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\
+ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675
+(search backw)108 307.2 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675
+(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674
+(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674
+(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 319.2 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1
+H .174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
-.54(instance, a)108 160.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15
-E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)
-108 172.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)
-108 189.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653
-(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E
-(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 201.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E
+.541(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
+(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 343.2
+Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 360 R
+.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)
+-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E
+(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.)
-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\
-re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 218.4 R(The searc\
+re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\
h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\
-rent line.)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87
-247.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 259.2 R 1.391
+rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.391
+(The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
-3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 271.2 R .121
-(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
-H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122
-(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 283.2 Q F1(point)3.411
-E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark)
-3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41
-(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 295.2 Q F0 2.5
+3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .122
+(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
+H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121
+(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.41 E
+F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E
+F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db)
+.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5
(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
-(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re)
-2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 312 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E
-(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 324 Q F0(Mo)144 336 Q .3 -.15
-(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2
-(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 348 Q F0(Mo)144 360 Q .3 -.15(ve t)
--.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 372 S
-(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
-.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108
-396 Q F0(Mo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E
-F2 -.25(fo)108 420 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 432
-Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523
-(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
-(ters and digits\).)144 444 Q F2(backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord \(M\255b\))
--.1 E F0(Mo)144 468 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
+(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)
+2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1
+E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3
+-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1
+(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 518.4 Q F0(Mo)144 530.4 Q .3 -.15
+(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108
+542.4 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve f)
+-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1
+(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
+-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w)
+.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
+.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)
+-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
+(ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q
+(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F
-(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 480 Q F2(shell\255f)108 492 Q
-(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 504 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
-.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W)
--.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F
-(ters.)144 516 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 528 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144
-540 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre)
-.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608
-(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 552 Q
-F2(pr)108 564 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0
-.89(Attempt to mo)144 576 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89
-(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F
-.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87
-(This will not ha)144 588 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F
-.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G
-3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 600 Q(ysical line or if\
- point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\
-th.)-.05 E F2(next\255scr)108 612 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637
-(Attempt to mo)144 624 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph)
-.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638
-(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 636 R .309 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009
-(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G
-2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\
- or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \
-length of the prompt plus)144 648 R(the screen width.)144 660 Q F2
-(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 672 Q F0 1.499
-(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 684 R 3.999(ss)
--.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G
-1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F
-(lea)144 696 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(48)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 650.4 Q F1(shell\255f)108 662.4
+Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984
+(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)
+-.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609
+(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109
+(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F
+(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(48)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 49 49
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(clear\255scr)108 84 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36
-(Clear the screen, then redra)144 96 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36
+SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0
+.891(Attempt to mo)144 96 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891
+(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F
+.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)
+144 108 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87
+(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G
+3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 120 Q(ysical line or if\
+ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\
+th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 132 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638
+(Attempt to mo)144 144 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph)
+.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637
+(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009
+(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G
+2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\
+ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \
+length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1
+(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.498
+(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 204 R 3.999(ss)
+-.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G
+1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F
+(lea)144 216 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1
+(clear\255scr)108 228 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36
+(Clear the screen, then redra)144 240 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36
(he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36
-(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 108 S
+(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 252 S
(th an ar).4 E
(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1
--.18(re)108 120 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0
-(Refresh the current line.)144 132 Q F1(Commands f)87 148.8 Q
+-.18(re)108 264 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0
+(Refresh the current line.)144 276 Q F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q
(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108
-160.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 172.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158
-(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158
-(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the)
-144 184.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)
+304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
+.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158
+(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159
+(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the)
+144 328.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)
2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699
(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F
-(restore the history line to its original state.)144 196.8 Q F1(pr)108
-208.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0
-(Fetch the pre)144 220.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
-E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 232.8
-Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 244.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
+(restore the history line to its original state.)144 340.8 Q F1(pr)108
+352.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0
+(Fetch the pre)144 364.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
+E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 376.8
+Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 388.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1
-(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 256.8 Q F0(Mo)144 268.8 Q .3
+(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 400.8 Q F0(Mo)144 412.8 Q .3
-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)
--.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 280.8 Q F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q
+-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q
.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5
(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 304.8 Q F0 .948
-(Accept the current line for e)144 316.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
-(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729
-(history for editing.)144 328.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229
-F .729
+(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .947
+(Accept the current line for e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
+(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15
+(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73
+(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F
+.729
(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
--.18 F(the current line.)144 340.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 352.8 Q F0
--.4(Wi)144 364.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257
-(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei)
--.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G
-(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 376.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H
+-.18 F(the current line.)144 484.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 496.8 Q F0
+-.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256
+(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei)
+-.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G
+(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 520.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H
(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)
-108 388.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47
-(Search backw)144 400.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)
--.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
-(This is an incremental search.)144 412.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 424.8 S
-(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132
-(Search forw)144 436.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)
--.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)
--.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 448.8 Q F1
-(non\255incr)108 460.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
-(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)
-144 472.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\
-sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 484.8 S
-(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 496.8 Q
+108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471
+(Search backw)144 544.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)
+-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
+(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 568.8 S
+(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131
+(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)
+-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)
+-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1
+(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
+(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)
+144 616.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\
+sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 628.8 S
+(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q
(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18
-E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 508.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \
+E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \
a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144
-520.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 532.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)
--.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 544.8 R .249(ard through the history for\
+664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)
+-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\
the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F
-(and the point.)144 556.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1
-(history\255sear)108 568.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)
-144 580.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\
-etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 592.8 Q
-(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)
-108 604.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 616.8 R .951(\
-ard through the history for the string of characters between the start \
-of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144
-628.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
-(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5
-(line. This)144 640.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1
-(history\255substring\255sear)108 652.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E
-F0 .248(Search forw)144 664.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\
-ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319
-(and the point.)144 676.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F
-.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental)
-5.318 F(search.)144 688.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 700.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1
-G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 712.8 R .622
-(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25
-F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144
-724.8 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.633 E F0
-3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F3(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773
-(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773
-(ords in the)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(49)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(and the point.)144 700.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pre)144 84 Q .291
-(vious command be)-.25 F .291(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F
-2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
--.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)
-2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144
-96 R .282(vious command.)-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E
-F1(n)2.781 E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F
-.281(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F1(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 108 Q
-(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(yank\255last\255ar)108 120 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F
--1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307(Insert the last ar)144 132 R 1.307
-(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308
-(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 144
-S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2
-H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F2(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0
-5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F2
-(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 156 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15
-H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)
+144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\
+een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q
+(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)
+108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\
+ through the history for the string of characters between the start of \
+the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144
+144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
+(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5
+(line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1
+(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
+.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
+of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318
+(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F
+.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental)
+5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G
+<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622
+(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25
+F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144
+240 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0
+3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773
+(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773
+(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292
+(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)
+-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291
+(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291
+(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.)
+-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281
+(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282
+(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q
+(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q
+2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308
+(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
+(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307
+(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4
+F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)
+-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204
+E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E
+(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
+(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E
-.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 168 R(An)5.416 E
+.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)5.416 E
2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416
-(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415
-(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 180 R 1.518 -.15
+(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416
+(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217
(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
-(through the history \(back or forw)144 192 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
+(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494
(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144
-204 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
--.15 E F2(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 216 Q F0 .622
-(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 228 R .622
-(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623
-(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 240 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
+372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
+-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623
+(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622
+(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622
+(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25
(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G
-(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 252 Q F0 .939
-(Perform history e)144 264 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
+(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938
+(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E
-(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-)
--3.438 F(tion of history e)144 276 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(magic\255space)
-108 288 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 300 R .437
-(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3
-(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
-(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 312 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
--2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0 .395
-(Perform alias e)144 336 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 348 Q F2
-(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0
-(Perform history and alias e)144 372 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
--.15 E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 384 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
-.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 396 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
--.15 E F2(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F2
-(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 408 Q F0(In)144
-420 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146
-(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E
-(tempts to in)144 432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
+(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-)
+-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
+108 456 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 468 R .438
+(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3
+(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
+(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
+-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394
+(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1
+(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0
+(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
+.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
+-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(In)144
+588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
+(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
+(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E
+(tempts to in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)
-2.25 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G
-(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(Commands f)87 448.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
-(ext)-.92 E F1(end\255of\255\214le)108 460.8 Q F2(\(usually C\255d\))2.5
-E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 472.8
+2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G
+(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
+(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 628.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5
+E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8
R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C
-3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592
-(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 484.8 R
-.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
-(as the end of input and returns)144 496.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F2
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 508.8 Q F0 .442
-(Delete the character at point.)144 520.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F2
-(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 532.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
--2.5 E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 544.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 556.8 R
-5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553
-(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 568.8 Q F2
--.25(fo)108 580.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 592.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 604.8 Q F2
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 616.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
-628.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
-(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279
-(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 640.8 S(ample.).15 E F2
-(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 652.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
-(Insert a tab character)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 676.8 Q F0
-(Insert the character typed.)144 688.8 Q F2
-(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 700.8 Q F0 .322
-(Drag the character before point forw)144 712.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
-(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144
-724.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
+(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 652.8 R
+.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
+(as the end of input and returns)144 664.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1
+(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .441
+(Delete the character at point.)144 688.8 R .442
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
+(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
+-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675
+E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 51 51
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q
-(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.)
-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255w)108 96 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1
-E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 108 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F
-.023(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023
-(If point)5.023 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 120 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 132 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 144
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .553
+(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
+(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F
+.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F
+.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S
+(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
+168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
+-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779
+(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C
+(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
+108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0
+(Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
+108 240 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321
+(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321
+(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322
+(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
+(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264
+R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144
+276 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
+(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
+300 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
+-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
+(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5
+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 156 S(rd, b).1 E
-(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 168 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 180 Q 1.648
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 204 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 216
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
+(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E
+(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.647
+(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
+(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
+-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
+-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 240
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 252 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
-(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 264 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15
-(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)
--.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 276 Q F1
-(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G
-1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G
-(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144
-288 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1
-(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469
-(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 300 R .958
-(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1
-(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457
-F(before point with a space.)144 312 Q(By def)5 E
-(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 328.8 Q
-(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144
-352.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 364.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
-144 376.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 388.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 400.8
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
+(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1
+E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
+(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
+(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
+(Wi)144 456 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
+(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
+4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
+F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895
+(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 480 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
+1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
+F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
+.957(pushing the te)144 492 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
+(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
+.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q
+(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
+520.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0
+(Kill the te)144 544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
+144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8
Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 412.8 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-424.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 436.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 448.8 R .729
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 460.8 S
+616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .728
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 472.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 484.8 Q(ord behind point.)
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.)
-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 496.8 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 508.8
-R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 520.8 S
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 688.8 Q
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8
+R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
+.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
-(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 532.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 544.8 R 3.025
-(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 568.8 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 580.8 R .365
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
-592.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 604.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)
-144 616.8 R .166
-(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 628.8 Q
-(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 640.8 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 652.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
-664.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 676.8 Q(xt in the current re)
--.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 688.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
-F0(Cop)144 700.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
-(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(51)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 52 52
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(copy\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 4.801(yt)-.1
-G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2
-E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 120 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0
-(Cop)144 132 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F
-2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55
-G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25
-(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 156 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 168 S
+SF(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025
+(Kill the w)144 96 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 120 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 132 R .364
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
+144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
+168 R .166
+(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 180 Q
+(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 192 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 204 Q F1(kill\255r)108 216
+Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 228 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
+(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 240 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
+144 252 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
+2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
+-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 288
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
+F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
+-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
+-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(yank \(C\255y\))108 336 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 348 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 180 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 192 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 360 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 372 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 208.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 220.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 388.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 400.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 232.8 R .367
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 412.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 256.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .778(This is another w)144 268.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
+(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 436.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
+E F0 .779(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-280.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-292.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+460.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+472.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 304.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
-(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 316.8 R 1.23
+(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 496.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 328.8 R .823
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 508.8 R .822
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
-(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 340.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
+(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 520.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
-87 357.6 Q(complete \(T)108 369.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 381.6 R 1.137
+87 537.6 Q(complete \(T)108 549.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 561.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 393.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
--.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
-.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 405.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
+.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 585.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 417.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 429.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 453.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 465.6 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 597.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 609.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 621.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 633.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 645.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
-477.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 489.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
-501.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
+.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
+657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
+681.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.194(possible completions.)144 513.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 525.6 R .828
+1.193(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 705.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 537.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 717.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 549.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+(positions forw)144 729.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 561.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
-5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 573.6 Q F0 .82
-(Identical to)144 585.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82
-(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
-(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 597.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
-.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 609.6 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 621.6 R
-.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 633.6 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
-(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
-(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 645.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 657.6 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 669.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 681.6 Q
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 705.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 53 53
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(possible\255user)108 84 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(through the list.)
+144 84 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1
+E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 96 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 108 R
+F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
+(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
+(menu\255complete)144 120 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 132 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 144 R .234
+(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
+2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
+168 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 180 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 192 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
+(complete\255user)108 228 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
+108 252 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-108 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 Q
+276 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 132 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q
+(possible\255v)108 300 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 312 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 156 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 324 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 336 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 180 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 348 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 204 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 228 R
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 384 R .581
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 252 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 420 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .425
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 300 Q F1(dab)108 312 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 324 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
+(for possible completion matches.)144 468 Q F1(dab)108 480 Q(br)-.1 E
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 492 R .611
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 336 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 348 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 360 R(the list is a)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+in braces so)144 528 R(the list is a)144 540 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 388.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 412.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 556.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 580.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 436.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 592.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 604.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 460.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
-G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
-ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 472.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
-(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 484.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0
-(Print the last k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
+ appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
+E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
+F0(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
-(Miscellaneous)87 513.6 Q -.18(re)108 525.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
-(Read in the contents of the)144 537.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777
-(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-549.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 561.6 Q F0 3.249
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 573.6 R
-5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 585.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 597.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
-(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 609.6 R F2(x)
-4.238 E F0 1.739
-(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238
-F(meta\214ed lo)144 621.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
-(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)
-2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
-(Metafy the ne)144 645.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
-(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 657.6 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 669.6 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 681.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 693.6 R .231(This is lik)5.231
-F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0
-.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F
-(turn the line to its initial state.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(Miscellaneous)87 681.6 Q -.18(re)108 693.6 S<ad72>.18 E
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
+(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
+1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
+(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
+717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 54 54
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q
+SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749
+(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
+(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E
+(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739
+(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739
+(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
+F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha)
+-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E
+(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
+(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
+(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
+2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0
+.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
+(turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 108 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 264 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144
-144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144
+300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S
-.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
+2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
+144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S
+.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043
-(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044
+(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
+(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.827
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 264 R .791
-(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
+-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
+4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791
+(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
-(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)
--.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
+.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
+(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)
+-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
-y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
--.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
+-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
-(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .244
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322
-(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321
+468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
+-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0
+-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
+(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
--.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
-1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .839
-(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15
+(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
+-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1
+(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
+1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84
+(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 408 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
-(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421
-(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 420 R .42
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 564 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
+(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42
+(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .421
(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1
-(wa)144 432 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell)
-4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E
-(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 444 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(glob\255complete\255w)108 456 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144
-468 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
-.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
-480 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
-ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 492 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 504 R .176
+(wa)144 588 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell)
+4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E
+(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 600 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144
+624 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
+.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
+636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
+ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q
+(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 516 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 528 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 540 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 552 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 564 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 576 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 588 Q F0 .626
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 600 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
-5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 612 Q
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 624 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 636 R .762
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 648 R .108
-(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 660 Q
-(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 672 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
-(Print all of the readline k)144 684 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
-3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 696 Q
-.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(54)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 55 55
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(display\255shell\255v)108 84 Q(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0
-(Display v)144 96 Q(ersion information about the current instance of)
--.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 112.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18
-E F0 .147(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)
--.1 F .147
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S
+(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
+5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762
+(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
+-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 156 R .109
+(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 168 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
+(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
+3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q
+.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q
+(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
+268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
+F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
+(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
-F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 148.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .498
-(If the command w)5.498 F .497
-(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
-177.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497
+(If the command w)5.497 F .498
+(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
+321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
-2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)
-5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .822
-(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
-.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
+2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-)
+5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823
+(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
+.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15
-G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0 .057
-(option to)108 237.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
+rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
+(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
+G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056
+(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056
(ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F
-.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 249.6 R .332(ord as a \
+.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \
\214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1
-F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108
-261.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
-d to generate the list of matching w)108 278.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
-3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 290.4 Q
+F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108
+405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
+d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
+3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q
(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 307.2 R
-.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 319.2 R .596
-(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R
+.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
+.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595
+(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 331.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 348 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 360 S
-.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554
-(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
-(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 372 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 388.8 Q
-.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
-F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
-(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 400.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S
+.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555
+(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555
+(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q
+.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18
+F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
+(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
+544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
-.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 412.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-424.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092
+(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
+568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-436.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 448.8 Q
-(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234
-(After these matches ha)108 465.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234
-(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F1<ad46>2.733 E
-F0(and)2.733 E F1<ad43>2.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108
-477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209
-(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209
-(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F4(,)A F3
-(COMP_KEY)108 489.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
-(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
-(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108
-501.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
+(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q
+(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233
+(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
+(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234
+(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F1<ad46>2.734 E
+F0(and)2.734 E F1<ad43>2.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108
+621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208
+(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208
+(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3
+(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25
+(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
+(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158
+(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108
+645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3
(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986
-(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347
-(the function or command is in)108 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347
-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C
-2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments)
--.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 525.6 R .263
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)
--2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 537.6
-R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629
-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628
-(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 549.6 R
-.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
+(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346
+(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346
+(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C
+2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments)
+-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .264
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)
+-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 681.6
+R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629
+(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629
+(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 693.6 R
+.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.)
-108 561.6 Q(An)108 578.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437
-(unction speci\214ed with)-2.93
8 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
+108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437
+(unction speci\214ed with)-2.93
7 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437
(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437
-(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 590.4 Q F1
-(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
--.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108
-602.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
-E(Ne)108 619.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081
-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081
-(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)
--2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 631.2 R
-.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \
-output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
-643.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377
-(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 660 R 2.877
-<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 E F0
-.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 672 R .681
-(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a)
--.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182
-F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 684 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F
-3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
-(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 696 R
-(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
-(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 708 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
-(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764
-(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 720 Q F0
-(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(GNU Bash 5.2)
-72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(55)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
+Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 56 56
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Finally)108 84 Q
-3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587
-(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.087 E F0
-(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
-(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\
- the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \
-possible completions.)108 96 Q .247(If the pre)108 112.8 R .247
-(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247
-(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247
-(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 124.8 Q F0
-(when the compspec w)2.5 E
-(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461
-(If the)108 141.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)
-2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457
+(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456
+(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
+(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E
+(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F
+2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0
+.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581
+(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108
+124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\
+tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F
+(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376
+(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R
+2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877
+E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 165.6 R
+.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681
+(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681
+(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522
+(the w)108 177.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G
+(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523
+(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 189.6 R
+(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849
+(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading)
+-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
+(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764
+(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0
+(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108
+230.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15
+F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E
+F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)
+3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\
+tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .246
+(If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)
+-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)
+2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F
+F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E
+(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
+(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962
+F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462
(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
-F(pletion is attempted and an)108 153.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
-(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56
-(By def)108 170.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559
-(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F
-.631(of possible completions.)108 182.4 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1
-E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631
-(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632
-(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 194.4 R
-.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)
-3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558
-(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 206.4 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671
-(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671
+F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
+(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559
+(By def)108 316.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56
+(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F
+.632(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1
+E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631
+(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631
+(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R
+.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)
+3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559
+(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672
+(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671
(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.)
--.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 218.4 Q F0 1.207
-(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0
+-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207
+(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0
1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F
-3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F
+3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F
(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108
-230.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)
+376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)
2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \
-desired, the programmable completion func-)108 247.2 R .633(tions force\
+desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .632(tions force\
readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\
- to directories, subject)108 259.2 R 2.761(to the v)108 271.2 R 2.761
-(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
-(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762
-(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 283.2
+ to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.762
+(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
+(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761
+(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 429.6
Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108
-300 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172
-(tion with a def)108 312 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F
-F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)-.55
-G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172
+.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108
+446.4 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172
+(tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1
+F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)
+-.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172
(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\
-uld be retried by returning an e)108 324 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F
-.93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec\
- associated with the command on which completion is)108 336 R .666
-(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 348 R .665
-(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665
-(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108
-360 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25
-G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084
-(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 372 Q(uilt dynamically as c\
-ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15
-(Fo)108 388.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137
-(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F
+uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15
+F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\
+ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .665
+(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .666
+(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666
+(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108
+506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)
+-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F
+.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\
+y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2
+E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137
+(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F
.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F
-(the command, the follo)108 400.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E
+(the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E
(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1
-E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 417.6 Q({)108 429.6 Q 6
-(.")144 441.6 S
-(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108
-453.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108
-465.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 494.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0
-.371(When the)108 506.4 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371
-(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372
-(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305
-(the list of commands pre)108 518.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305
-(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)
-2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25
-F .429(mands to sa)108 530.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429
-(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5
-(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287
+E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.")
+144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6
+E(})108 600 Q
+(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q
+/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372
+(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372
+(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372
+(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304
+(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304
+(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va)
+2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa)
+108 676.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F
+.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429
+(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929
+(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287
(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108
-542.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E
-(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 554.4
-S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565
+688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E
+(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8
+S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565
(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565
-(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0
-(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 566.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0
+(and)3.815 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 .082
(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)
-108 583.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1
-E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108
-595.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315
-(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G
-.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659
-(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 607.2 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5
-(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0
-.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 619.2 S
-.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142
-(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142
-(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 631.2 Q 1.605
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604
-(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15
-(stamps for the follo)108 643.2 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
-(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F
-.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 655.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E
-F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059
-(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5
-($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158
-(copied from the history list to)108 667.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A
-F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F1(shopt)108
-679.2 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082
-(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F
-.196(history \214le is o)108 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If)
-.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\
- unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584
-(If the)108 703.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834
-G .584
-(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
-F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 715.2 R
-3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147
-(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148
-(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377
-(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 727.2
-R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G
-1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1
+E F5(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(56)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 57 57
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .756
-(truncated to contain no more than)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E
-F0 .757(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 96 Q
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315
+(The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary)
+2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315
+(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658
+(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1
+(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659
+(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142
+(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142
+(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142
+(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.604
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604
+(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151
+(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
+(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F
+.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0
+-.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059
+(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F1
+($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159
+(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E F2(.)A
+F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158
+(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108
+168 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082
+(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F
+.197(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15
+F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\
+ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583
+(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G
+.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)
+.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 204 R
+3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147
+(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147
+(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376
+(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R
+1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G
+1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757
+(truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0
+3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757
+(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q
(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E
-(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299
-(The b)108 112.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)
-2.799 E F0(\(see)2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .298
-(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
-.471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 124.8 R(The)5.471 E F2
-(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472
-(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002
-(manipulate the history \214le.)108 136.8 R .001
-(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va)
--.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 148.8 Q
-(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 165.6
-R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486
+(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298
+(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)
+2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0
+(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R
+(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471
+(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001
+(manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001
+(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va)
+-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q
+(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6
+R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486
(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt)
--3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986
-E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 177.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G
-.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o)
--.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2
-(cmdhist)108 189.6 Q F0 .75
+-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985
+E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G
+.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)
+-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3
+(cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75
(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077
-(the same history entry)108 201.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
+(the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G
-1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0
-.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 213.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374
-(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319
-(description of the)108 225.6 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318
+1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0
+.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
+H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373
+(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
+(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318
(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F
-(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318
+(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319
(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108
-237.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 254.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)
--.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)
-108 266.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15
-F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)
--5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 278.4 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F
-.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F
-.949(can be disabled using the)108 290.4 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
-(option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 302.4 Q 2.5
+381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)
+-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611
+(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611
+(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61
+(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F
+.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371
+(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
+(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
+.95(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
+(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
+(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5
(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E
-1.306(History e)108 319.2 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\
+1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\
ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\
-t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 331.2 R .209(guments to a pre)
--.18 F .21
+t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre)
+-.18 F .209
(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 343.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108
-360 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \
-read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 372 S .251
+F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
+504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \
+read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252
(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
-(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 384 Q .146
-(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\
+(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251
+(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145
+(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\
titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\
-r inclusion into the current one.)108 396 R .767
-(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 408 R/F4 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor)
-2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.753 E(s)
--.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538
-(able to manipulate the selected w)108 420 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538
-(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F
-.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 432 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572
+r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766
+(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
+(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor)
+2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s)
+-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539
+(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538
+(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F
+.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572
(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1
-F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 444 R .355
+F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355
(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!)
-3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108
-456 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79
-(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F
+(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!)
+3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600
+R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79
+(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79
+(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F
(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
-tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 468 R
-(string.)108 480 Q(Se)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
+tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R
+(string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 508.8 T
-3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T
+3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
--.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2
-(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E
-F0(will also inhibit e)108 520.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 537.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E
-F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109
-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 549.6 R F2
-(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt)
-2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2
--.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\
+-.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3
+(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E
+F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609
+E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11
+(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 693.6 R F3
+(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231
+(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F3(shopt)
+2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F3
+-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\
ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108
-561.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448
-(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 573.6 R F2 -.18(re)
+705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449
+(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re)
4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228
-(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G
-(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 585.6
+(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F3 -.18(re)4.728 G
+(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F3(histr)108 729.6
Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
-(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 597.6 S -.25(ff).2 G
-.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F2<ad70>2.803 E F0 .303
-(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304
+(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re)
+3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(57)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 58 58
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S
+-.25(ff).2 G .304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.804 E F0 .304(option to the)2.804 F F1(history)
+2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303
(iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52
-(pansion will do before using it.)108 609.6 R(The)5.52 E F2<ad73>3.02 E
-F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52
+(pansion will do before using it.)108 96 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0
+.52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52
(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 621.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 638.4 R
+(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 124.8 R
1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108
(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108
-(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 650.4 R
-F2(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
-.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162
+(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 136.8 R
+F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
+.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163
(shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F
-(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 662.4 Q F2(Ev)
-87 679.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1(Ev)
+87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\
-y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108
-703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot)
-.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 58 58
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(!)108 84 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 84 R 1.608
+y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108
+189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot)
+.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 Q
+F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607
(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107
-(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
-(\(when the)144 96 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0
+(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
+(\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0
(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
-(Refer to command line)144 108 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 120
-Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 120 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0
-(.).24 E F1(!!)108 132 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 132 Q(vious command.)
--.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 144 Q F2
-(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the curren\
-t position in the history list starting with)144 144 R F2(string)144.34
-156 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 168 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to\
- the most recent command preceding the current position in the history \
-list containing)144 180 R F2(string)144.34 192 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G .496
-(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2
-(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne)
--.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\
-ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \
-there is no pre)144 204 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 216 Q/F3
-12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 233 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I
-F3(^)5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 240 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752
-F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253
-E F2(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753
-(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 252 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I
-F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5
-L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 264
-Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 264 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1
--.75(Wo)87 280.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 292.8 S 1.314
-(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
--.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313
-(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F
-.529(from the w)108 304.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
-3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
+(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
+(Refer to command line)144 230.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108
+242.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 242.4 Q F2(n)
+2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 254.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 254.4 Q
+(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)
+108 266.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\
+ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R
+F2(string)144.34 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1
+([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \
+position in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144.34
+314.4 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497
+(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F
+.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string)
+2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\
+ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .391
+(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 338.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108
+355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753
+(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753
+(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2
+(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752
+(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5
+I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()
+-5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108
+386.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 386.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)
+-.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S
+1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314
+(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0
+1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation)
+.15 F .53(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55
+G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
--3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516
-(are numbered from the be)108 316.8 R .516
+-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515
+(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R .516
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
-(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-)
-.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 328.8
-Q F1 2.5(0\()108 345.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 357.6
-Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F2(n)108.36 369.6 Q F0(The)144 369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
-F1(^)108 381.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 381.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
-(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 393.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 393.6
-R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064
-(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F
-.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 405.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
-F1(%)108 417.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 417.6 R 1.42
-(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419
-(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F
-(character that is part of a w)144 429.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 441.6
-Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 441.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1
-E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1
-(*)108 453.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 453.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315
+(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-)
+.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2
+Q F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q
+2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
+F2(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)144 492 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)
+108 504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 504 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5
+E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 516 R 2.564
+(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18
+F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063
+(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 528 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)
+108 540 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.419
+(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42
+(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F
+(character that is part of a w)144 552 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 564 Q F1
+<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 564 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2
+(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)
+108 576 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 576 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F
F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)
-2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 465.6 Q(ord in the e)
+2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15
-E F1(x*)108 477.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 477.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 489.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 489.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)
-2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)
--2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E
-(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 506.4 Q
-(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 523.2 Q F0 .184
-(After the optional w)108 535.2 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
-G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 547.2 Q
+E F1(x*)108 600 Q F0(Abbre)144 600 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0
+(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E
+2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1
+E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E
+(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1
+(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .183
+(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184
+(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184
+(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 669.6 Q
(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 564 Q F0(Remo)144 564 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
-108 576 Q F0(Remo)144 576 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)144 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 588 Q F0(Remo)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 600 Q F0(Remo)144 600 Q .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 612 Q
-F0(Print the ne)144 612 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 624 Q F0
-(Quote the substituted w)144 624 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 636 Q F0 .385
-(Quote the substituted w)144 636 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E
-F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1
-(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
-2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
-648 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
-(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 660 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2
-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 672 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0
-.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469
-(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
-(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953
-(delimiter in place of /.)144 684 R .953
+(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(58)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 59 59
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E
+(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q F0(Print the ne)
+144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 108 Q
+(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .386
+(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E
+F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1
+(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
+2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
+132 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
+(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 144 Q/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)
+144 156 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)
+3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469
+(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G .469
+(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954(delimiter in place of /.)144
+168 R .953
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131
-(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 696 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E
+5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131
+(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 180 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E
F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
(If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 708 R F2
+(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 192 R F2
(old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
-2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
-3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 720 R 2.987
-(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486
+3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.986
+(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486
(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326
-E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986
-(search. If)5.486 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(58)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 59 59
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)144.36 84 Q(w)-.15 E F0(is null, each matching)
-2.81 E F1(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&)108
-96 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 96 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 108
-Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897
-(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F
-.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C
-(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 120 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E
-F2(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351(used with `)
-2.851 F F2(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35
-(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F
-(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 132 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F2(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon)
-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(G)108 144 Q F0(Apply the follo)
-144 144 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F2(&)-2.5 E F0
+E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987
+(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0
+(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&)
+108 228 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 228 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)
+108 240 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
+.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897
+('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
+-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `)
+2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351
+(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F
+(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 264 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon)
+2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 276 Q F0(Apply the follo)
+144 276 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0
2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 160.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 172.8
+G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 292.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8
R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-receded by)-.2 F F
2<ad>108 184.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F2<adad>3.077 E F0
-.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E
-F0(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
-F2(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F2([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 196.8 R F2
-<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit)
-2.961 E F0(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
--.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A
-F2(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 208.8 R .261
-(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>2.761 E F0 .261
-(without requiring)2.76
1 F F2<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
--5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26
+receded by)-.2 F F
1<ad>108 316.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0
+.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E
+F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
+F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
+(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1
+<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit)
+2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
+-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A
+F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu)
+2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 340.8 R .26
+(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261
+(without requiring)2.76
F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
+-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261
(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)
-108
220.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>
+108
352.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
-(lid options and require).25 F F
2<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108
-232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 250.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 262.8 R .452
+(lid options and require).25 F F
1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108
+364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 382.8 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 394.8 R .451
(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
--.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F
-2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 274.8 R
-(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 291.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E
-F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 303.6 Q(ce)-.18 E
-F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02
-(Read and e)144 315.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1
+-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
+2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R
+(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 423.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E
+F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E
+F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02
+(Read and e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2
(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02
-(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331
-(status of the last command e)144 327.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331
-(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F1
-(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F
-.022(names in)144 339.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F1
-(\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F1(\214lename)2.522 E
-F0 .023(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 351.6 S 3.861
-(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA)
-3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86
-(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F1(posix)
-3.86 E(mode)144 363.6 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148
-(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4
--.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the)
-4.648 F F2(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F2
-(shopt)144 375.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F
-1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159
-(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F1(ar)3.659 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 387.6 Q 3.691(yb)
--.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F1
-(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692
-(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82
-(rameters are unchanged.)144
399.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F2<ad54>3.32 E F0
-.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F2(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32
-(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F2(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32
-(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 411.6 Q
-(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F2
-(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F2(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the)
-3.323 F F2(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144
-
423.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F2<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
-(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F2(DEB)2.727 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is)
--2.976 F .89(retained when)144 435.6 R F2(.)3.39 E F0 3.39
-(completes. The)3.39 F .891
-(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F .891
-(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 447.6 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E
-F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 464.4 Q F0([)2.5
-E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 476.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
-(guments or with the)-.18 F F
2<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
-(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E
-F1(name)144 488.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
+(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33
+(status of the last command e)144 459.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331
+(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2
+(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F
+.023(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2
+(\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E
+F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.86
+(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86
+G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861
+(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2
+(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148
+(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4
+-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the)
+4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1
+(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2
+F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159
+(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E
+(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.692(yb)
+-.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2
+(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691
+(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82
+(rameters are unchanged.)144
531.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0
+.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32
+(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32
+(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 543.6 Q
+(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1
+(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the)
+3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144
+
555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
+(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E
+(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is)
+-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391
+(completes. The)3.391 F .891
+(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89
+(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 579.6 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E
+F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 596.4 Q F0([)2.5
+E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724
+(guments or with the)-.18 F F
1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
+(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E
+F2(name)144 620.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
-(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 500.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value)
+(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
+3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value)
2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009
-(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579
-(tution when the alias is e)144 512.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579
-(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579
-(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079
-F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 524.4 R 1.314
-(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
-(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E
-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 536.4 Q F2(bg)108 553.2 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
-565.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
-(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E
-F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 577.2 Q F0 .672
-(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2
-(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
-(when job control is disabled or)144 589.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
-(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
-(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G
-(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 601.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
-E F2(bind)108 618 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
-2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 630 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
-<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F1
-(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1
-(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G
-(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1
-(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5
-G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1
-(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5
-G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C
-(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 690 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G
-(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 702 R F2 -.18(re)
-2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239
-(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238
-(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or)
-2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 714 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E
-F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F
-.04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2
--.18(re)144 726 S(adline).18 E F0 1.472(initialization \214le such as)
-3.972 F F1(.inputr)4.202 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.971(,b).31 G 1.471
-(ut each binding or command must be passed as a)-4.171 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579
+(tution when the alias is e)144 644.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579
+(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579
+(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078
+F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314
+(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
+(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E
+(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 668.4 Q F1(bg)108 685.2 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144
+697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745
+(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E
+F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .671
+(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
+-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
+(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419
+(when job control is disabled or)144 721.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
+(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G
+(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G
+(ot)-2.918 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0
+Cg EP
%%Page: 60 60
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .574(separate ar)
-144 84 R .574
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found or w)144 84
+Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bind)108
+100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)
+-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 112.8 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E
+F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 124.8
+Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E
+F2(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)
+2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A
+F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1
+(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2
+(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)
+2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C
+(adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G
+(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 184.8 R F1 -.18
+(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239
+(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239
+(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or)
+2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E
+F0 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.54 F .039
+(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .039(ould appear in a)-.1 F F1 -.18
+(re)144 208.8 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as)2.681
+F F2(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182
+(ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.907
+(arate ar)144 220.8 R 1.907
(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18
-F .574(Options, if supplied, ha)5.574 F .874 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .574
-(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-<ad6d>144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)
-180 120 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15
-(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658
-(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke)
-180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193
+F 1.907(Options, if supplied, ha)6.907 F 2.207 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.907
+(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 232.8 Q F1<ad6d>144 244.8 Q F2
+-.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 256.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E
+F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659
+(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke)
+180 268.8 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193
+(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192
(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E
-(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 E
-F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589
-(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve)
--.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2
+(vi\255command)180 280.8 Q F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2(vi\255insert)
+4.379 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.589(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A
+(ve)-.1 E F0 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 292.8 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2
(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
-(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 168 Q F0
-(List the names of all)180 168 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
-(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5
-G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E
-(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 192 Q
-F0(List current)180 192 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
-(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204
-Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G
-1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)
--.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G
-(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 228 Q F0
-(Display)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)
--.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
-(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
-(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
+(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 304.8 Q F0
+(List the names of all)180 304.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
+(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 316.8 Q F0(Display)180 316.8 Q F1 -.18(re)
+2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E
+(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 328.8
+Q F0(List current)180 328.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
+(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 340.8 Q F0(Display)180
+340.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05
+G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)
+-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 352.8 S 2.5(yt).1 G
+(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 364.8 Q
+F0(Display)180 364.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5
+(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)
+-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 376.8 Q F0(Display)180 376.8 Q F1 -.18
+(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 252 Q F0(List current)180 252 Q F1
--.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
-(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q
-.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad71>144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15
-(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1
-E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 312 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0
-(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
--2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 336 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
--.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H
-(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1<ad78>144
-360 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)
-180 372 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G
-(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)
-4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765
-(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)
-4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1
--.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375
-(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3
-(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F
-1.185(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 408 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)
--3.686 F(ti)180 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.T)-.65 G .377
-(he shell assigns an)-5.378 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F
-.377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.877 E
-(GUMENT)180 432 Q F0 -.25(va)3.604 G 3.854(riable. If).25 F 1.354
-(there w)3.854 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354
-(ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.355(If the e)6.355 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted)
-.15 E .344(command changes the v)180 444 R .344(alue of an)-.25 F 2.843
-(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.843 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
-F3(READLINE_POINT)2.593 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.593 E F3(READ-)2.843 E
-(LINE_MARK)180 456 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
-(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 468
-Q F0 .829(List all k)180 468 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
+(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 388.8 Q F0(List current)180 388.8 Q
+F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
+(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 400.8 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180
+412.8 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A
+F1<ad71>144 424.8 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 436.8 Q
+-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H
+(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 448.8 Q F2(function)
+2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 460.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G
+(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 472.8 Q
+F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 484.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3
+-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0
+(.)A F1<ad78>144 496.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2
+(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 508.8 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0
+1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F
+(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 520.8 Q F0 1.765(is e)
+4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765
+(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 532.8 S(adline).18 E
+F0 .375(line b)2.874 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3
+(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25
+(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.186
+(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 544.8 R -.15(ve)
+-.2 G 3.685(di).15 G 1.185(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.685 F
+(ti)180 556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.T)-.65 G .377
+(he shell assigns an)-5.377 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F
+.377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.878 E
+(GUMENT)180 568.8 Q F0 -.25(va)3.605 G 3.855(riable. If).25 F 1.355
+(there w)3.855 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354
+(ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.354(If the e)6.354 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted)
+.15 E .343(command changes the v)180 580.8 R .343(alue of an)-.25 F
+2.843(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.844 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
+SF(,)A F3(READLINE_POINT)2.594 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.594 E F3(READ-)2.844 E
+(LINE_MARK)180 592.8 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
+(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144
+604.8 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 604.8 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
-.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 480 Q(The return v)
-144 496.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
+.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 616.8 Q(The return v)
+144 633.6 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
-E F1(br)108 513.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055
-(Exit from within a)144 525.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1
-(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1
+E F1(br)108 650.4 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054
+(Exit from within a)144 662.4 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1
+(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1
(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055
(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554
-E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 537.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
- number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715
-(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
-549.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
-(bu)108 566.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
-F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 578.4 Q .771
-(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
+(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555
+E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 674.4 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
+ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
+(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
+686.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
+(bu)108 703.2 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
+F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 715.2 Q .77
+(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271
-F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615
+F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616
(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
-590.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
-602.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0
--.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
-5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 614.4 Q(alse if)-.1
-E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E
-(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr)
-.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 643.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
-2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
-(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 655.2 Q
-(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
-(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324
-(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
-.253(subroutine call.)144 667.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15
-G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
-F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254
-(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\
-tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
-ent e)144 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e)
-144 691.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001
-(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame)
-5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 703.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52
-(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519
-(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519
-(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 715.2 Q
-(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+727.2 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.2)
+72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(60)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 61 61
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(cd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)A F0(])A .321
-(Change the current directory to)144 96 R F2(dir)2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C
-(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322
-(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)
-2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F .93(the def)144 108 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1
-F -.25(va)3.43 G(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0
-.929(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2
-(dir)3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144
-120 R F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)
-2.657 F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)
--.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
-.855 E F0 .407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 132 R
-3.299(An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E
--.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)
-3.049 F 3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 144 S F1(.).74 E F0
--.74('')C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .57(the b)144 84 R
+.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2
+F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 96 Q
+(alse if)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0
+(is not a shell b)2.74 E(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 112.8 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 124.8 R
+.254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+.254(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 136.8
+Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
+(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324
+(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
+.254(subroutine call.)144 148.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15
+G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
+F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253
+(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\
+tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
+ent e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001
+(This e)144 172.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001
+(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E
+3.019(0. The)144 184.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519
+(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52
+(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52
+(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 196.8 Q
+(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2
+(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 225.6 R F2(dir)
+2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321
+(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)
+-.25 F .929(the def)144 237.6 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G
+(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93
+(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F2(dir)
+3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 249.6 R
+F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F
+F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H
+.407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0
+.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299
+(An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT)
+-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F
+3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C
+5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F2(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428
(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
-.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F1<ad50>2.928 E F0 .428
-(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144
-156 Q .168
+.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F1<ad50>2.927 E F0 .427
+(option causes)2.927 F F1(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144
+285.6 Q .167
(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing)
-2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 168 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2(dir)
-3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing)
+2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2
+
(dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225
(option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225
(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725
-F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 180 R .411
+F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411
(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..)
2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..)
-2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 192 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84(,i)C
-2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F .341
-(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from)-.25
-F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 204 R .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)
--2.676 E F1<ad65>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1
-<ad50>2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E
+2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841
+(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F
+.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from)
+-.25 F F2(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R
+.175(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G
+(he)-2.675 E F1<ad65>2.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F1
+<ad50>2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E
.341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\
- directory change,)144 216 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F
-.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 228 R .357
-(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F1<ad40>2.856 E F0 .356
-(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E
-.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 240 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G
-2.569(na)-5.0
69 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F1<ad>2.569 E F0
-.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0
-.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 252 R
-.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F1<ad>2.806 E F0 .306
-(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 264 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\
-nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25
-G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15
-(tory is written to the standard output.)144 276 R .15
+ directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F
+.356(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .356
+(On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F1<ad40>2.857 E F0 .357
+(option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07
+(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G
+2.569(na)-5.0
7 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F1<ad>2.569 E F0
+.069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E
+F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144
+381.6 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E
+-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F1<ad>2.807 E
+F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the dire\
+ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615
+(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15
+(tory is written to the standard output.)144 405.6 R .15
(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15
-(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 288 Q F0(en)2.957 E
-.457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G
-.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958
-E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 300 R .126
+(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.958
+E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G
+.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957
+E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 429.6 R .125
(alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.)
--.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F
-(directory w)144 312 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)
--.1 E F1(command)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)
-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 340.8 Q F2
-(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065
-(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065
-F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 352.8 R
-F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)
-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E
-F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 364.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F
-.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4
+-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F
+(directory w)144 441.6 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E
+(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0
+(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144
+470.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0
+.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)
+5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144
+482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502
+(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2
+(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 494.4 R .4
+(ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399
(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
-5.4 E .175(either the)144 376.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76>
-2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command)
-2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174
-(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 388.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817
-(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1
-<ad56>144 400.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25
-(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.2
5 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
-2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 412.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1
-(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005
+5.399 E .174(either the)144 506.4 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1
+<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2
+(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E
+F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 518.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F
+.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)
+-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
+F F1<ad56>144 530.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
+(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.2
49 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
+2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
+(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
+(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2
-(command)144.2 424.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
-(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 436.8 S
+(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
+(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
+(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S
(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1
-(compgen)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 465.6 R
+(compgen)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)
+-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R
F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513
-E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982
-(accepted by the)144 477.6 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
+E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981
+(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
-3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the)
--3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 489.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1
-<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F
-.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F
-(mable completion f)144 501.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
+-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 619.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
+F1<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
+2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25
+F(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25
-E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 525.6 R .352
+E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 655.2 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
-537.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
-2.52 F(those completions matching)144 549.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
-(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 573.6 Q
+667.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
+2.52 F(those completions matching)144 679.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
+(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 703.2 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1
-(complete)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad41>-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad47>-2.5 E F2
-(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad57>-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-(])A([)144 602.4 Q F1<ad46>A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5
-E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad58>-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>
--2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI)
-A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 626.4 R
-3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134
-E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133
-E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139
-(options are supplied, e)144 638.4 R .139
-(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14
-(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144
-650.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)
-2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2
-(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207
-(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 662.4 R(The)6.207 E
-F1<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options)
-3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 674.4 R(`def)-.74 E
-(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
-(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
-686.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
-(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
-(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 698.4 R
-(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)
--3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 710.4 R(The)5.447 E
-F1<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448
-(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.15
-(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 722.4 R
-1.149(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 62 62
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .43
-(delimiter such as)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E
-F1(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431(hich is usually command name completion.)
--2.93 F .431(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 96
-R F1<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)
--3.208 F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-F1<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H
-(f).15 E F1<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 108 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)-2.603
-E F1<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)
--2.603 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad41>-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1<ad47>-2.5 E F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad57>-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(])A([)144 96 Q F1<ad46>A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad58>-2.5 E F2
+(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E
+F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E
+F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)
+144 120 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2
+(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F
+F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14
+(options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139
+(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139
+(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144
+144 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)
+2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2
+(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208
+(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.208 E F1
+<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
+3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E
+(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
+(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
+180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
+(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
+(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty')
+-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F
+.448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1<ad49>
+2.947 E F0 .447
+(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123
+(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R
+.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021
+(limiter such as)144 228 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0
+3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02
+(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 240 R F1<ad44>
+3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F
+3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad49>
+3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E
+F1<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 252 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1
+<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)
+-2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
-(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 120 Q .153
+(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .152
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-144 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 156
+288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300
Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18
-E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180 R .855 -.15
+E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .856 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)
-5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056
-E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723
-(options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1
-<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722
-(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2
-(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291
+5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055
+E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722
+(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1
+<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
+(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
+(sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 360 Q F2
+(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2
-(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0
-.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q
-F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 288 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G
-(ef)-5.375 E 2.876
+(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2
+(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0
+.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0
+.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q
+F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 432 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G
+(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
-etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1(\214lenames)184
-336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
-\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E
-.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
+224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
+etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184
+480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
+\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
+.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
-(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45
-(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(noquote)
-184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 396 S .814
+(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45
+(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote)
+184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
-3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
-(\214lenames is the def)224 408 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 420 Q F0
--.7(Te)224 420 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
-ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 432 S
+3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
+(\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0
+-.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
+ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S
.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1
-F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 444 Q F1
-(plusdirs)184 456 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 456 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
+F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1
+(plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.584(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 480
-Q F1<ad41>144 492 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 504 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
+.583(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
+(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624
+Q F1<ad41>144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-516 Q F0(Alias names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 528 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 540 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 552 Q(Readline)224 552 Q F0 -.1
-(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 564 S(iltin)
-.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 564 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 576
-Q F0(Command names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 600 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 612 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 624
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
-648 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 648 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
-660 Q F0(Names of e)224 660 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
--.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
-672 Q F0(File names.)224 672 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 684 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 696
-Q F1(gr)184 708 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 708 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+660 Q F0(Alias names.)224 660 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 672 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 684 Q
+(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 696 Q(Readline)224 696 Q F0 -.1
+(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin)
+.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 708 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
+Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 63 63
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F1
-(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 108 Q F0
-(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1(job)184 132 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
--.1(ke)184 144 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E
-2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(running)184 168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224
-168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0
-(Service names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E
-(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 204 Q F0
-(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1
-(stopped)184 228 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224
-228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S
-(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 264 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+SF(command)184 84 Q F0(Command names.)224 96 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 108 Q
+(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)
+5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 132 Q F0
+(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 156 Q
+F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 168 Q
+F0(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 180 Q
+F0(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(function)184 192 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F1(gr)
+184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 216 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
+228 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 252 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 264
+Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 276 Q F0
+(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
+312 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 324
+Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 336
+Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
+E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
+(shopt)184 348 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 360 Q F0
+(Signal names.)224 360 Q F1(stopped)184 372 Q F0
+(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(.).15 E F1(user)184 384 Q F0(User names.)224 384 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S
+(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 408 Q/F3
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 288 Q F1<ad46>144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114
-(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
+184 432 Q F1<ad46>144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
+(The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 324 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1
-($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
+($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
+(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 348 R .103
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w)
--2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 360 R
-.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
--.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 396 R
-1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q
-F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
-F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
+-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R
+.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
+-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1<ad47>144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R
+1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q
+F1<ad50>144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1<ad53>144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14
-(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981
-(each resultant w)184 492 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)
--.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37
-E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 504 Q .765
-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
+(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
+(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766
+(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 516 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.465 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 540
-Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .455
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat)
-3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 604.8 R .467
-(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0
-(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
-(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0
-(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6
-R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0
-.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name)
-3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
-2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
-(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.228(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
-mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.038
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039
-(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539
-(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
-(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.039 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg
-EP
+6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 684
+Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456
+(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
+.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat)
+3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
+(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
+(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(63)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 64 64
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplie\
-d options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .868
-(assignment w)144 96 R .868
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
-E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-)
--3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .431(The return v)144 132 R
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an)
+184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.)
+.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25
+F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F
+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F2<ad72>2.967 E F0
+.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E
+F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15
+(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144
+124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
+(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
+F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6
+R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0
+.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
+(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name)
+3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
+-5.178 E F2<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
+(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
+1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
+no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F2<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
+(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
+(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
+(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
+-4.038 F(The)144 237.6 Q F2<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
+F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868
+(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368
+E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
+-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
+(tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .851
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
-F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
-(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.703 E F0
-.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204
-(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184
-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0
-1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar)
-108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
-2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.264
-(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F
-3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
-(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)
--3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25
-F F
1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
-(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2
-(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274
-(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F
1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
-2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
-5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 285.6 Q
-F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib)
--.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289
-(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 297.6 Q .38
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
+(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E
+F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203
+(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183
+(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
+G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
+(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
+1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar)
+108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
+<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
+2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265
+(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F
+3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
+(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)
+-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+F F
2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
+(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
+G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 427.2 Q F1
+(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275
+(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F
2<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
+2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
+5.274 E F2<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 439.2 Q
+F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib)
+-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29
+(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38
(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1
-(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144
-309.6 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106
-(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144
-321.6 R(The)5.299 E F1<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\
- of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54
-(and attrib)144 333.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F
-F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F
-F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
-(name and line number where each)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648
-(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F
1<ad46>3.148 E
-F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1<ad66>144 357.6 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he)
--5.837 E F1<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836
+(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F2<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F2
+(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144
+463.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
+(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107
+(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144
+475.2 R(The)5.3 E F2<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \
+function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144
+487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E
+(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E
+F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
+(name and line number where each)144 499.2 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648
+(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F
2<ad46>3.148 E
+F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2<ad66>144 511.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he)
+-5.836 E F2<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 369.6 Q
-(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818
+(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 523.2 Q
+(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819
(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818
-(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F1<ad49>3.319 E
-F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S .694
-(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the)
--.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2
-F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F
-(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82
+(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F2<ad49>3.318 E
+F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .693
+(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the)
+-.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2
+F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F
+(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 547.2 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82
(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82
(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F
-.38(initially unset.)144 405.6 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379
-(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379
-(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 417.6 Q(ute or to gi)
--.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F
1<ad61>144
-429.6 Q F0(Each)180 429.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E
-F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180
-441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 453.6 Q F0(Use function names only)180
-453.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 465.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 465.6 R .558
+.379(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379
+(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38
+(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 571.2 Q(ute or to gi)
+-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F
2<ad61>144
+583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E
+F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 595.2 Q F0(Each)180
+595.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180
+607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558
-(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 477.6 Q F0(abo)
+(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557
+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo)
2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)
--2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 489.6 Q
-F0 .91(When the v)180 489.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
+-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 643.2 Q
+F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 501.6 R
-(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 513.6
-Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0
-(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
-(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478
-(That other v)180 525.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
-(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478
-(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 537.6 Q .781
-(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782
-(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F1<ad6e>3.282 E F0(attrib)
-3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 549.6 R
-.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D
-3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2
-F(applied to array v)180 561.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0
-(Mak)180 573.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E
-6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F
-1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180
-585.6 Q F1<ad74>144 597.6 Q F0(Gi)180 597.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach)
-.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)
-2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1
-(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0
-(traps from the calling shell.)180 609.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
-(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144
-621.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 621.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25
-F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2
-F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 633.6
-R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>
-144 645.6 Q F0(Mark)180 645.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
-(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144
-(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 662.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143
-(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143
-(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0
-.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 674.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G
+G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R
+(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 667.2
+Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.82 E F0
+(the)3.82 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
+(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477
+(That other v)180 679.2 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
+(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478
+(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 691.2 Q .782
+(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782
+(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F2<ad6e>3.281 E F0(attrib)
+3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R
+.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D
+3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2
+F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 65 65
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)
+3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154
+(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.154
+(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 96 Q
+F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2
+(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E
+2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929
+E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0
+(traps from the calling shell.)180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
+(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 132
+Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
+(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)
+2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144
+156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
+(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143
+(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143
+(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144
+(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0
+.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G
.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579
(will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15
-F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 686.4 Q F1
-(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544
-E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043
-(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043
-(command, unless the)3.543 F F1<ad67>3.543 E F0 1.205
-(option is supplied.)144 698.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205
+F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1
+(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543
+E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043
+(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044
+(command, unless the)3.544 F F1<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205
+(option is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705
(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 710.4 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218
-(hen using)-5.218 F F1<ad61>2.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F1<ad41>2.718 E F0
-.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217
-(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 722.4 R .882
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217
+(hen using)-5.217 F F1<ad61>2.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F1<ad41>2.717 E F0
+.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218
+(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 232.8 R .882
(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882
(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882
-(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E
-(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 65 65
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in)144 84 Q -.25
-(va)-.4 G .366(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214n\
-e a function using).25 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F
-F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na)-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548
-(tempt is made to assign a v)144 96 R .548(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F
-.549(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)
--.25 F 1.749(array v)144 108 R 1.749
-(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748
-(\), one of the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)144 120 Q F0 .359
-(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359
-(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359
-(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 132 R 1.213
+(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\
+n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F
+/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na)
+-2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .549
+(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548
+(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F
+1.748(array v)144 268.8 R 1.748
+(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1
+(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F
+F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F
+.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G
+.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213
(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213
-(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is)
--.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 144 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2
-<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 160.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .328
+(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is)
+-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 304.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E
+F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)
+C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
-.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q
-F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428
+.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
+(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238
+(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q
+F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428
F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928
-(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S
-(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 220.8 Q F0
-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q
-F2<ad6c>144 232.8 Q F0 .882
-(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .881
+(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 369.6 S
+(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 381.6 Q F0
+(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q
+F1<ad6c>144 393.6 Q F0 .881
+(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882
(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
-244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 256.8 Q F0
-(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180
256.8 Q F2<ad76>
-144 268.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
-pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773
-(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F3(n)A F0
-1.565(Displays the)180 292.8 R F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2
-(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2<ad>144 316.8 Q F3
-(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
+405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0
+(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180
417.6 Q F1<ad76>
+144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
+pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772
+(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0
+1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565
+(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1
+(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1<ad>144 477.6 Q F2
+(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
-F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .258(The return v)144
-345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
-(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
+F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144
+506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
+(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
-(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .121
-(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec)
+.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
+(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122
+(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)
4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H
-2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932
-F .096(neither the)144
398.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
-F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E
-.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2
+2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932
+F .096(neither the)144
559.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
+F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E
+.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1
<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each)
-.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 410.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
-.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586
-(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15
+.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
+.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585
+(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
-(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2
+(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
-H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2
-<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F3(jobspec)5.598 E F0
-(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
-1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3
+H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1
+<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0
+(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
+1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
-(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307
-(error occurs.)144 487.2 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
-(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
-F .308(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144
-499.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
-5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
+-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0
+.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
+(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308
+(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F1<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308
+(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
+F .307(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144
+660 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
+5.198 E F1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067
+(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567
-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F2
-(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F0 .602
-(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102
-F F2(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658
-(escape characters by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.658 E F0
-.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F2<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
--.2 E(prets the follo)144 547.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a)
-144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0
-(backspace)180 571.2 Q F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180
-583.2 Q F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F0(an escape character)180
-607.2 Q F2(\\f)144 619.2 Q F0(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q
-F0(ne)180 631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F0
-(carriage return)180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
-655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 667.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2
-(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F3(nnn)A
-F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
-E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2
-(\\x)144 703.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q
-(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0
-(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1
+(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .601
+(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101
+F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659
+(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
+(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
+(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-)
+-.2 E(prets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 66 66
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.507
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)
+180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e)
+144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144
+Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G
+(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180
+Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S
+(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144
+216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
+180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
+(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
+(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
+-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
+1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507
+(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
+4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547
+(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
+3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+-2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
-(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
-(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
+(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
+(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989
-(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
-(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
-(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
+(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989
+(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99
+(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649
+(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)
-144 220.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
+SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)
+144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S
+F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v)
-144 244.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
+(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v)
+144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606
-(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548
-(directories in which to search for)144 256.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0
-5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
-(The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547
-(delete a b)144 268.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
--.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
+(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549
+(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0
+5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
+(The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546
+(delete a b)144 424.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with)
+-.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545
-(supplied, a list of shell b)144 280.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
--.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546
-(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 292.8
+.547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546
+(supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
+-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545
+(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
-(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261
-(list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R .261
+(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262
+(list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
-(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269
-(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 316.8 R F2(special)
-2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268
-(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284
-(is not a shell b)144 328.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
+(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268
+(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special)
+2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269
+(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285
+(is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
-(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785
-(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 340.8 R
+(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784
+(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R
F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G
1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
-F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 352.8 S
+F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
-(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 369.6 T(l).15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 381.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
-(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479
-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
-(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 405.6 Q
+(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.171
+E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671
+(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
+(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478
+(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
+(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no)
+-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 434.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
-(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
-(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 446.4 R .177
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
+(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
+(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 602.4 R .176
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
-(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 458.4 R .48(gument passed to)
+(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
+(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 470.4 Q F0 .639
-(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
+.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .638
+(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
-(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 482.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
+3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 494.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
-.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
-(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 506.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
+.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
+(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 518.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
--.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288
-(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak)
--2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 530.4 Q
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0
+-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287
+(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak)
+-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 547.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 559.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .096(xit with a status of)
+-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
+(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
+-.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-F1(export)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
-E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 588 Q F0
-.257(The supplied)144 600 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
-.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
-(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626
-(commands. If)144 612 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
-(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
-F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
-F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
-144 624 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F
-.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1
-<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 636 S 1.446
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 67 67
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1
+(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E
+F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257
+(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>
+2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2
+(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2
+(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the)
+.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .048
+(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
+-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0
+.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.447
(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 648 S .742(lue of the v).25
-F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
-(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741
-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
-.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 660 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031
-(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
-F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0
-(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 672 Q F1(fc)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
+-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 156 S .741(lue of the v).25
+F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
+(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
+(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
+.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
+(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
+F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
+(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
-700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432
-(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 712.8 R F2<8c72>
-4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431
-(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
-724.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
+208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
+(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72>
+4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
+(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
+232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
-(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 67 67
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(be)144 84 Q .311
-(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)
--.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
-.05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)144 96 R
-.071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071
-(When listing, a)5.071 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E
-F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25
-G(-).25 E .653(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-.653(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(fc)3.153 E F0 .653(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 120 Q
--.25(va)-.25 G .242(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G
-2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242
+(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
+144 244.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
+F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071
+(is used as an of)144 256.8 R .071
+(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a)
+5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071
+(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653
+(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653
+(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653
+(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
+(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F
+F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242
(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
-.093(ing \(so that)144 132 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510)
-2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72>
-4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E
-F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 144 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 168 Q
+.092(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510)
+2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72>
+4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E
+F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 328.8
+
Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
-F
2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 180 R .438(If the)5.438
-
F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
+F
1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
+(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 340.8 R .438(If the)
+
5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.334(the editor gi)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1
-(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do)
-.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F
-(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 204 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25
-F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4
-(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)
-144 216 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)
-4.171 F .005
-(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 228 Q .789(In the second form,)144 252 R F1
-(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
-(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788
-E(mand)144 264 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72>
-2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172
-(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F
-F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 276 Q F3 7.166
-(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166
-(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
-3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F
-(mand.)144 288 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312
-R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
-(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R
-.454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
-(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
-(cuted or f).15 F .788
+.335(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E
+F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
+(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
+F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 364.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F
+.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)
+3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144
+376.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171
+F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)
+5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 412.8
+R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
+(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
+(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789
+E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72>
+2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171
+(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
+2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.165
+(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
+(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
+3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F
+(mand.)144 448.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
+472.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
+(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
+E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8
+R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
+(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
+(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
+(cuted or f).15 F .787
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
-.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136
+.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
-(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 360 Q
-(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
-(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
-144 388.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413
+508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
+(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q
+(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
+(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
+144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0
-1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G
-.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
-(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616
-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q
-.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362
-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q
-F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0
+(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
+1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
+.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
+(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 573.6 Q
+.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
+(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 585.6 Q
+F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
-F2(getopts)108 441.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1
-(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .15
-(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .579
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
+F1(getopts)108 602.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 614.4 Q F0 .793
+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
+(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
+(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .149
+(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
+-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .578
+(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R .636
-(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
-3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03
-(tion in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53
-(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
-2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G
-.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065
-(ment to be processed into the v)144 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
-2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066
+(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 650.4 R .636
+(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
+3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029
+(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529
+(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
+2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03
+(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066
+(ment to be processed into the v)144 674.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
+2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065
(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885
-(shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When)
-.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts)
-3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566
-(the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0
-.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567
-(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39
-(between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
-(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 561.6
-Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F2(getopts)
-4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0
-(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
-(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 .485
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 633.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E
-F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 .345
-(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
-.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
-(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669
-(porting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.668
-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144
-681.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
-F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 717.6 R
--.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667
-(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666
-(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144
-729.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899
-E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4
-(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(shell script is in)144 686.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When)
+.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)
+3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567
+(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0
+.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566
+(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389
+(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389
+(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F
+2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 722.4 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 68 68
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 108
-R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)
-3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E
-F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213
-(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1
-(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E
-F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT)
-2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1
-(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.044
+(When the end of options is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F
+2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96
+Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
+(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485
+(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
+(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F3(ar)3.315 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 132 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0
+(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .345
+(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
+.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
+(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668
+(porting is used.)144 168 R 1.668
+(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 180
+R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)
+-.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F
+(will be displayed, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
+G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)
+2.72 E .666(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,)
+.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E
+F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4
+(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399
+(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899
+E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144
+240 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)
+-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()
+3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242
+(laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)
+-.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F
+(If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713
+F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)
+2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)
+2.25 E F1(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
-3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F
-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8
-Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
-(Each time)144 196.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
-G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)
+3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
+(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 324 Q F1(hash)108 340.8
+Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
+(Each time)144 352.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
+G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
+(the directories in)144 364.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 220.8
-R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243
-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2
-(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615
-(of the command.)144
232.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
+(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 376.8
+R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243
+(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3
+(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615
+(of the command.)144
388.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615
(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0
-(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 244.8 R .293
-(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I)
-C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294
-(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
-256.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
-(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028
-(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 268.8 R F1<ad74>2.675 E F0
-2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175
-(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1
-<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783
-(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 280.8 R .783
+(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .294
+(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I)
+C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293
+(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
+412.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
+(If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028
+(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 424.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0
+2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175
+(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1
+<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783
+(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 436.8 R .783
(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783
(n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807
-(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 292.8 R
-.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q
+(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 448.8 R
+.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 460.8 Q
F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.)
-.25 E F1(help)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144
-333.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
-.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144
-345.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223
-(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224
-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 357.6 Q F1
-<ad64>144 369.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 369.6 Q F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 381.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
-180 381.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
-(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 393.6 Q F0
-(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 393.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5
-E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 410.4 Q F2
-(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 427.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
-(history \255c)108 439.2 Q(history \255d)108 451.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F1(history \255d)108 463.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1
-(history \255anrw)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1
-(history \255p)108 487.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
-511.2 S .752
+.25 E F1(help)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3
+(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144
+489.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0
+.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144
+501.6 R F3(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223
+(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223
+(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 513.6 Q F1
+<ad64>144 525.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 525.6 Q F3
+(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 537.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
+180 537.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
+(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 549.6 Q F0
+(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 549.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5
+E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 566.4 Q F3
+(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 583.2 Q F3(n)A F1(])A
+(history \255c)108 595.2 Q(history \255d)108 607.2 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset)
+-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 619.2 Q F3(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F3(end)A F1
+(history \255anrw)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\214lename)A F0(])A F1
+(history \255p)108 643.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 655.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)
+-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
+667.2 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
-.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 523.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
-F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
-(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
-2.881 E(MA)144 535.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
-(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
-(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
-(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 547.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
+.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18
+F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
+(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-)
+2.88 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264
+(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F3
+(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02
+(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 703.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
-(time stamp and the history line.)144 559.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
+(time stamp and the history line.)144 715.2 R(If)5.176 E F3(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
-(not, the v)144 571.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
+(not, the v)144 727.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 583.2 Q F0
-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 583.2 Q F1
-<ad64>144 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 607.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
--.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)
-2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)
--2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 619.2 R
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598
-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 631.2 Q 2.5(,a)
--.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
-(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
-<ad64>144 643.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25
-(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 655.2 R F2
-(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180
-667.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2
-(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0
-(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>
-144 679.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 679.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065
-('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564
-(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 691.2 Q
-(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 703.2
-Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\
-le into the current history list.)180 703.2 R .773
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 715.2 R
-.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
-(sion.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(68)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(68)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 69 69
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \214le and append \
-them to the current history list.)180 84 Q F1<ad77>144 96 Q F0
-(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 .625
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 108 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626
-(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180
-120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475
-E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 .362
-(Store the)180 144 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)
+SF<ad63>144 84 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)
+180 84 Q F1<ad64>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E
+F0 .39(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E
+(fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389
+(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G
+2.889(ti)-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .598
+(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 R -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
+(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 132 Q 2.5(,a)
+-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
+(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
+<ad64>144 144 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25
+(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 156 R F2
+(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 168
+Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)
+2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 180
+R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564
+(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565
+(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 192 Q
+(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
+(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 204 Q
+F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\
+ into the current history list.)180 204 R .772
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 216 R
+.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
+(sion.)180 228 Q F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
+\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 240 Q F1<ad77>
+144 252 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
+252 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 264 Q F0 .626
+(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 264 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
+3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
+2.975(output. Does)180 276 R .475
+(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
+2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
+(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 300 Q F0 .363
+(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 312 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
-(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 208.8 R .832
-(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F
-.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 220.8 S .168(lid option\
+.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
+(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .833
+(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F
+.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\
is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \
-\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
-144 232.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to)
--.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341
-(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341
-(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 244.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)
-108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])
-2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 273.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
-(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 285.6 Q .3
+\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
+144 388.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341
+(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34
+(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34
+(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 400.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)
+108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])
+2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 429.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
+(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 441.6 Q .3
-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 297.6 Q F0
-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 297.6 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 309.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-180 309.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15
-F .19
3(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 321.6 Q F1<ad70>
-144 333.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 333.6 Q 2.5(sp)
--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 345.6 Q F0
-(Display only running jobs.)180 345.6 Q F1<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 357.6 Q(If)144 374.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553
-E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
--.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 386.4 Q -.25
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 453.6 Q F0
+(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 453.6 Q F1
+<ad6e>144 465.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
+180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
+F .19
4(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1<ad70>
+144 489.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 489.6 Q 2.5(sp)
+-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0
+(Display only running jobs.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0
+(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554
+E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
+-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 403.2 R F1
-<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 559.2 R F1
+<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 415.2 Q
+3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
+(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 571.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15
-E F1(kill)108
432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
+E F1(kill)108
588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
-(kill \255l)108
444 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5
+(kill \255l)108
600 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5
E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by)
-144 456 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017
+144 612 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017
(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2
-(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319
-(either a case-insensiti)144 468 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
-(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
-(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 480 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0
+(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318
+(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318
+(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319
+(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0
.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec)
3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427
-(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 492 R
-F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
+(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 648 R
+F1<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
-(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 504
-R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E
-F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144
-516 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 528 R
+F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 R
+.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E
+F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)
+144 672 R F1<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 684 R
(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 540 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
-E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 556.8 Q F2
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-568.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
-(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 580.8 Q F2(ar)
-2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 597.6 Q F0([)2.5
-E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 609.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar)
--2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
-(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E
-F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F
-(an)144 621.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
-(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
-(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-633.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
-.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
-(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 645.6 R F1
-(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509
-(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 657.6 R F1(set)3.67
-E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171
-(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171
-(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 669.6 R .881
-(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381
-E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88
-(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787
-(that were in place before the function.)144 681.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788
-(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v)
-3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 693.6 R
-.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654
-(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F
-(unless)144 705.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in)
-2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E
-F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(successfully sent, or f)144 696 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
+E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(69)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 70 70
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(logout)108 84 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 84 Q F1(map\214le)108
-100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2
-(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>
--2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S
-(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>
--2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)
-2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .158
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.989 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 136.8
-R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
-F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249
-(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C
-1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 160.8 Q F0 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 160.8 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 172.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
+SF(let)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0
+.196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV)
+2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0
+-.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
+(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)
+-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
+(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E
+F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F
+(an)144 148.8 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
+(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
+160.8 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
+(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
+(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 172.8 R F1
+(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
+(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set)
+3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171
+(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17
+(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 196.8 R .88
+(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E
+F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881
+(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788
+(that were in place before the function.)144 208.8 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788
+(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v)
+3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 220.8 R
+.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654
+(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F
+(unless)144 232.8 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in)
+2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E
+F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108
+249.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 249.6 Q F1(map\214le)108 266.4 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>
+-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>
+-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E
+(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 278.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2
+(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
+(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
+C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
+(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 302.4
+R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
+E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.249 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 326.4 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 338.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0(Cop)180 184.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
+2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 350.4 Q F0(Cop)180 350.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)
-2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 196.8 Q F0(Be)180
-196.8 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
+2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 362.4 Q F0(Be)180
+362.4 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
-2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 208.8 Q F0
-(Discard the \214rst)180 208.8 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
-<ad74>144 220.8 Q F0(Remo)180 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
+2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 374.4 Q F0
+(Discard the \214rst)180 374.4 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
+<ad74>144 386.4 Q F0(Remo)180 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 244.8 Q F0(Ev)180
-244.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
+(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 398.4 Q F0
+(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 398.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 410.4 Q F0(Ev)180
+410.4 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 256.8
-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 256.8 Q
-F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 273.6 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0
+(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 422.4
+Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 422.4 Q
+F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0
.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 285.6 R 2.761(xo)-.15
-G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\
-igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
-(as additional ar)144 297.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
-F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 309.6 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 326.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.762(xo)-.15
+G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
+igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
+(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
+F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
+(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
+(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 475.2 Q
+(If not supplied with an e)144 492 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 343.2 Q F0 .797
-(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
+(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 508.8 Q F0 .797
+(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
-3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S
+3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S
(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
-F1(popd)108 372 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092(se)
-.15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591
-(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664
-(directory listed by)144 396 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664
-(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and)
--3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5
-(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 420 Q F0 .551
-(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 420 R .551
+F1(popd)108 537.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091
+(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592
+(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665
+(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665
+(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and)
+-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 573.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
+5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2
+H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0 .551
+(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 585.6 R .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 432 Q F1(+)144 444 Q F2(n)A F0
-(Remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0
-.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
-F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78
-(from the stack.)180 456 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 E
-/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779
-(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 468 Q F1<ad>144 480 Q
-F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)
-3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26
-(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5
-(zero. F)180 492 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4
-(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094
+(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 597.6 Q F1(+)144 609.6 Q F2(n)A
+F0(Remo)180 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E
+F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
+F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779
+(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)
+-3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4
+.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad>144
+645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76
+E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)
+B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)
+-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)
+2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E
+(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093
(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144
-508.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1
-F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 520.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.696 G .196
+674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1
+F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.697 G .196
(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196
-(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697
-E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 532.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E
-(Otherwise,)144 549.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171
+(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696
+E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E
+(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o)
--.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 561.6 Q
-(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144
-578.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055
-F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F
-(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q F1(printf)108 607.2 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)
-A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 619.2 R F2(ar)2.858
-E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358
-(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857
-E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F1<ad76>2.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714
-(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 631.2 R(ariable)-.25
-E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
-F(output.)144 643.2 Q(The)144 667.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\
-aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\
- which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
-ape sequences, which are con)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704
-(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
-\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 691.2 R .036
-(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 703.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
-5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2
-(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032
-E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 715.2 Q
-(xtensions:)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(70)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o)
+-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q
+(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(70)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 71 71
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(%b)144 84 Q F0(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F
-.096(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F
-(same w)180 96 Q(ay as)-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 108 Q
-F0(causes)180 108 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)
-2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01
-(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 120 Q F1(%Q)
-144 132 Q F0(lik)180 132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
-(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2
-(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2
-(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt)
-4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 168 R F2
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.556(If the)144
+84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556
+(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556
+(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555
+(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F
+(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(printf)108 112.8 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1<ad76>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E
+F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144
+124.8 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357
+(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858
+E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714
+(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25
+E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
+F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\
+aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\
+ which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
+ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
+(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
+\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 196.8 R .037
+(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 208.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
+5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2
+(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031
+E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 220.8 Q
+(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 232.8 Q F0(causes)180 232.8 Q F1(printf)
+2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
+(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
+2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as)
+-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 256.8 Q F0(causes)180 256.8 Q
+F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
+(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
+(input.)180 268.8 Q F1(%Q)144 280.8 Q F0(lik)180 280.8 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)
+2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0
+(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 292.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0
+(causes)180 304.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
+(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
+4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 316.8 R F2
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180
-180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
-.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693
-(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693
-(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar)3.194
-F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
-.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71
-<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71
-(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1
-(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901
-(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G
-.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902
-(guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man)
-144 244.8 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357
-(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357
+(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
+328.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
+.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694
+(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 340.8 R
+.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)
+3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
+G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F
+F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902
+(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G
+.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901
+(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man)
+144 393.6 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358
+(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358
(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E
-(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 256.8 Q
-(Ar)144 273.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\
-ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F
-1.259(minus sign is allo)144 285.6 R 1.259
+(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 405.6 Q
+(Ar)144 422.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\
+ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F
+1.258(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 297.6 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 314.4 Q F2(format)2.514 E
-F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515
-E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format)
-2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
-326.4 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566
+-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.515 E
+F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515
+E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format)
+2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
+475.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
-.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 338.4 Q(The return v)5 E
+.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
-108
355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
-2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
-irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 379.2 R 3.14(wt)
--.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 391.2 R .089
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F
-(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F
-(the directory stack.)144 403.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144
-415.2 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
-g or adding directories to the)180 415.2 R
-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 427.2 Q F1(+)144
-439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 439.2 R F2(n)
-3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
-1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 451.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 463.2 Q F2(n)A F0
-.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 463.2 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+108
504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
+tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.139(wt)-.25
+G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 540 R .088
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F
+(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089
+(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F
+(the directory stack.)144 552 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
+.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 564
+Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\
+dding directories to the)180 564 R
+(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q
+F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.767 E F0
+1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268
+(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
+(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 475.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 487.2 Q F0(Adds)180 487.2 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
-(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435
-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 504 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E
-F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0
-.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F
-(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 516 Q(If the)5 E
+F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
+E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
+(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434
+(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E
+F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0
+.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F
+(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 664.8 Q(If the)5 E
F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0
(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
-532.8 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 544.8 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 556.8 Q 1.277
-(If the)144 573.6 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277
-(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278
-(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 585.6 Q F1
-(pwd)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 614.4 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-626.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 638.4 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 650.4 R -.25(va)
--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 662.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108
-679.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817
-E F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0
-3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
-<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>
--3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E
-F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)
-3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 691.2
-Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\
-, or from the \214le descriptor)144 703.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
-(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 715.2 Q F1
-<ad75>2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435
-(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75
-(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)
--2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 727.2 R F2
-(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376
-(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376
-(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+681.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
+(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092
+(When rotating the directory stack,)144 693.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093
+(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-)
+-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.278
+(If the)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278
+(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277
+(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277
+(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 72 72
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .237
-(than names, the remaining w)144 84 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
-.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.096 E F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874
-(there are fe)144 96 R .874(wer w)-.25 F .875(ords read from the input \
-stream than names, the remaining names are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)
-144 108 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518(characters in)3.018 F/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518(are used to split the line into w)
-2.768 F .517(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)
-144 120 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
-(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75
-F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026(backslash character \()2.526 F F3(\\)A F0
-2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489(be used to remo)144 132 R .788 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 144 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 156 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w)
-180 168 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026
-(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F1(aname)180.33 180 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
-E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3<ad64>144 192 Q
-F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 204 R F1(delim)2.781
-E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F
-2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 216 Q F0
-(is the empty string,)2.5 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
-(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
-<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 228 R F3 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F2(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 240 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
-5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F
-(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
-(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5
-E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F3<ad69>144 264 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
-E F0(If)180 264 Q F3 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3<ad6e>144 288 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
-(returns after reading)2.823 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stack.)144 84 Q/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R .845
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
+124.8 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
+.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
+(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
+(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108
+177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816
+E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E
+F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E
+F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817
+(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
+<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E
+F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A
+([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
+tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E
+F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q
+F1<ad75>2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435
+(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75
+(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w)
+-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2
+(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376
+(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376
+(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236
+(than names, the remaining w)144 237.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
+F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E
+F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 249.6 R .875(wer w)
+-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
+ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F
+.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518
+(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518
+(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R
+.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
+-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
+(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488
+(be used to remo)144 285.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
+.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
+(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E
+(tions, if supplied, ha)144 297.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026
+(The w)180 321.6 R 1.026
+(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F
+F2(aname)180.33 333.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281
+(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0
+(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
+(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
+<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .373
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18
+(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)
+2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
+.218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218
+(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
+(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
+(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
+(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
+-.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
+(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 312 Q
-(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
-E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
-<ad4e>144 324 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F3 -.18(re)2.775
-G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
-5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R
-F3 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 372 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F3(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 384 S .669
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 465.6 Q
+(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
+E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
+<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S
+(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
+3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
+1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re)
+2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
+(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6
+R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
+3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
+3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F3<ad72>180 396 Q F0(option belo)
-2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3<ad70>144 408 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)
-180 420 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F
-3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 432 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
-(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3
-<ad72>144 444 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 444 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 456 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
-(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-468 Q F3<ad73>144 480 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 480 Q
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3
-<ad74>144 492 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 504 Q F3 -.18(re)2.928 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 516 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0
-(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 528 Q
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 549.6 Q F0
+(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
+E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q
+2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
+<ad72>144 597.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
+(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180
+609.6 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E
+.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
+180 621.6 Q F1<ad73>144 633.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 633.6 Q
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
+<ad74>144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929
+G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 669.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 681.6 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
+.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-540 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 552 R .589
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.089 F F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
--.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 564 S(riable)
-.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
-(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
-F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F
-1.225(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725
-F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3<ad75>144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522
-(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
-640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
-(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18
-(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-652.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
-(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108
-693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0
-.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
-F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
-(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F3<ad66>3.597 E F0
-1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F1
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.902(ed. The)
--.1 F F3<ad61>4.902 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403
-(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the)
--4.903 F F3<ad41>4.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the)4.903 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+693.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 705.6 R .59
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 717.6 S
+(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0
+.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)
+2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15
+G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.042(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041
+(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.041
+(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.541
+(rt)-3.541 G 1.041(he read will)-3.541 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 May 2)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 73 73
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S
-.425(riables to associati).25 F .725 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.925(rrays. If)
-.15 F .425(both options are supplied,)2.925 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-<ad41>2.925 E F0(tak)2.925 E .424(es precedence.)-.1 F .424(If no)5.424
-F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.284 E F0(ar)3.104 E(-)-.2 E 1.275
-(guments are gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.275(n, or if the).15 F F1
-<ad70>3.775 E F0 1.275
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.775 F
-(The)6.275 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\
- subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70>
-3.058 E F0 .2(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may\
- be reused as input.)144 120 R .201(If a v)5.201 F .201(ariable name is)
--.25 F(follo)144 132 Q .134(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.634
-(,t)C .133(he v)-2.634 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133
-(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26
-(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26
-(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F
-F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
-(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .706(return EOF)
+180 84 R 3.206(,n)-.8 G .706(on-zero otherwise.)-3.206 F .706(The e)
+5.706 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F
+(x-)-.15 E(ceeded.)180 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>144 108 Q/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 108
+Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 124.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
+.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
+136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
+(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
+(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
+(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
+148.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
+(signing to a readonly v)144 160.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
+.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
+F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
+(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
+1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
+-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
+3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
+(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
+.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
+<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
+144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+285.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
+3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
+-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
+144 297.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 309.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 326.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
+5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 362.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
+144 374.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
-(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15
+.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
+(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
+F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
+(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
+144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 434.4 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 446.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
+.749(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1
-(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1
+(set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
-(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
+(set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
-357.6 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
+511.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
+(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 523.2 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2
R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
-F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G
-.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15
-G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161
+F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
+(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
+-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
+(tion processing are treated as v)144 559.2 R .161
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A
-F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q
-F0 1.378(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377
+2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A F1
+2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 583.2 Q F0
+1.377(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .131
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0
-.088(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
-F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 489.6 Q
-F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e)
-.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08
-(The shell does not e)184 501.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6
-Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
--.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
-(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv)
-4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
--.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
-(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 537.6 R
-F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
--3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 549.6 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
-(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 573.6 R 2.678
-(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
-(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617
-(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)
--.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
-(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 609.6
-Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E
-F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184
-639.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089
-(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502
-(will be af)184 651.6 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
-.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1
-<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503
-(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 663.6 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
-(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F1<ad65>4.183 E F0
-1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 675.6 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
-(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1
-<ad66>144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-<ad68>144 711.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-711.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F
-(abled by def)184 723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
+1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 607.2 Q F0 .132
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 607.2 R
+2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
+(primary prompt.)184 619.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 631.2 Q F0
+.087(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
+F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 643.2 Q
+F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
+1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184
+655.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08
+(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 667.2 Q
+1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
+-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
+(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
+4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
+-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
+(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 691.2 R
+F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
+-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
+(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
+-.25(va)184 703.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
+(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
+(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 715.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 727.2 R 2.677
+(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
+(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
+(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
+(option applies to)2.678 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(73)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 74 74
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad6b>144 84 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 84 R .514
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .618(the shell en)
+184 84 R .617(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617
+(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617
+(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 96 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)
+2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643
+(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F
+(the commands in the subshell.)184 108 Q .999
+(If a compound command or shell function e)184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999
+(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>
+3.498 E F0 .998(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)
+184 138 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089
+(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .503
+(will be af)184 150 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502
+(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F2<ad65>
+3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502
+(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 162 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683
+(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F2<ad65>4.184 E F0
+1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
+-.15 E(where)184 174 Q F2<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
+(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
+-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
+(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 186 Q F2
+<ad66>144 198 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 198 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
+<ad68>144 210 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 210
+R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 222
+Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 234 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 234 R .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
-F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1
-<ad6d>144 108 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .149
-(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
-.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651
-(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151
-(\). All).15 F .651(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679
-(process group.)184 132 R .678(When a background job completes, the she\
-ll prints a line containing its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 144 S(it status.).15
-E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 156 R .652(ut do not e)
--.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
-(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
-168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1<ad6f>144 180 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)
-184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(emacs)184 252 Q F0 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 252 R 2.589
+F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 246 Q F2
+<ad6d>144 258 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 258 R .148
+(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
+.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 270 R F1 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
+(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65
+(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 282 R .679
+(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\
+s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 294 S(it status.).15 E F2<ad6e>144 306 Q F0 .653
+(Read commands b)184 306 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
+(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
+5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 318 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2<ad6f>144 330 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 342 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0
+(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 354 Q F0
+(Same as)224 366 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 378 Q F0
+(Same as)224 390 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(emacs)184 402 Q F0 .089
+(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 402 R 2.589
(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 264 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
-(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
-F0 2.5(option. This)224 276 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
--.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
-184 288 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(errtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(functrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(hashall)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(histexpand)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history)184 372 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.087(,a)
+(when the shell is interacti)224 414 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
+(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F2(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
+F0 2.5(option. This)224 426 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
+-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F2(err)
+184 438 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 438 Q F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
+(errtrace)184 450 Q F0(Same as)224 450 Q F2<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
+(functrace)184 462 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F2<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
+(hashall)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 486 Q F2<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
+(histexpand)184 498 Q F0(Same as)224 510 Q F2<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F2
+(history)184 522 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 522 R 3.087(,a)
-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 384 Q
-(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
-396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 408 R 1.656
+H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 534 Q
+(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184
+546 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 558 R 1.657
(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
-4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
-420 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
-.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1
-<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 468 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 480 Q F1<ad43>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
-F1(noglob)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
-184 516 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 516 Q F1(notify)184 528 Q F0
-(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 540 Q F0(Same as)
-224 540 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q
-F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 564 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q
-F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
-224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 588 R
-1.136
-(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 600 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 612 Q F0
-2.091(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
-2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
-624 R F3 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F
-F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955
-(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 636 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G
-.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-)
--3.454 E(ha)224 648 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E
-F0(Same as)224 672 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E
-F0(Same as)224 684 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 .209
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 2.709(ace. This)
--.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 708
-Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
+570 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
+.15 E F2 -.1(ke)184 582 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 594 Q F2
+<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(monitor)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 606 Q F2<ad6d>2.5
+E F0(.)A F2(noclob)184 618 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 630 Q F2<ad43>2.5
+E F0(.)A F2(noexec)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
+F2(noglob)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(nolog)
+184 666 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 666 Q F2(notify)184 678 Q F0
+(Same as)224 678 Q F2<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(nounset)184 690 Q F0(Same as)
+224 690 Q F2<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(onecmd)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q
+F2<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(ph)184 714 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 714 Q
+F2<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(74)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 75 75
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q
-F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552
-(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
-114 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
-3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
-(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1<ad70>
-144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
-(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)
--.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
-(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
-.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 174 R .379
-(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
-(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+SF(pipefail)184 84 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 84 R 1.029
+(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03
+(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 96 R
+1.136
+(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 108 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
+(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 120 Q F0
+2.09(Change the beha)224 120 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
+2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
+(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
+132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954
+(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 144 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G
+.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-)
+-3.455 E(ha)224 156 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 168 Q(vileged)-.1 E
+F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 192 S(rbose).1 E
+F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 204 Q F0 .209
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 204 R 2.709(ace. This)
+-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224
+216 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
+(xtrace)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 246 Q
+F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)
+3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
+(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
+258 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
+3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
+(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 270 Q F1<ad70>
+144 282 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 282 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
+(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
+F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072
+(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 294 R 1.5
+(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3
+-.27(BA)184 306 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
+.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G
+.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 318 R .38
+(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
+-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 330 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 342 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
-.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1<ad72>144 234 Q F0
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 234 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 246 Q
-F0(Exit after reading and e)184 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 258 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 258 S .773
+2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 354 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
+F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 366 Q F1<ad72>144 378 Q F0
+(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 378 Q
+(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 390 Q
+F0(Exit after reading and e)184 390 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 402 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 402 S .774
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
-parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 270 R .459(ariables s\
-ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25
-F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 282 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391
+parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 414 R .459(ariables \
+subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)
+-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 426 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
-F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F
-(error message, and, if not interacti)184 294 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
-.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 306 Q F0
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 306 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad78>144 318 Q F0 .315(After e)184 318 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
+F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F
+(error message, and, if not interacti)184 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
+.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 450 Q F0
+(Print shell input lines as the)184 450 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
+F1<ad78>144 462 Q F0 .315(After e)184 462 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E
-F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 330 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
+F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F
1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236
-(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 342 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
-(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 354 Q F0
-1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 354 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F
-F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705
-(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 366 S(ult.).1 E F1
-<ad43>144 378 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213
-(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 486 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
+(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 498 Q F0
+1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F
+F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706
+(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1
+<ad43>144 522 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214
+(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 390 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
+3.053(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 402 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 414 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 414 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
-(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 438 Q F1
-<ad48>144 450 Q F0(Enable)184 450 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 462 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 474 Q F0 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 474 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 486 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
-(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 498 R(def)
-3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
+.15 F(tor)184 546 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 558 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 558 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
+(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1
+<ad48>144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 618 Q F0 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 618 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453
+(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
+(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 642 R(def)
+3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
510 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-522 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 522 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
654 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+666 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 666 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 546 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 558 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)184 558 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
-(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 570 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-582 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R
-F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G
-.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 594
-R F1<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
-(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8
-R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 634.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
-(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
-5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 658.8 Q F1(shift)108 675.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 699.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
-.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
-(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 702 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
+.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 76 76
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)
-108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144
-112.8 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad>144 84 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)
+184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297
+(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297
+F 3.022(rameters. The)184 96 R F1<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>
+3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522
+(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521
+(s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425
+(The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)
+-2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
+(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
-(listed belo)144 124.8 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
+(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 136.8 R .065
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 290.4 R .066
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144
160.8 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144
314.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 196.8 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 208.8 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
-.255(set or unset.)180 220.8 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
-E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 244.8 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
350.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
+.256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
+E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 261.6 R F1
-<ad73>3.12
5 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 415.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.12
4 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
-(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
--.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.044 F .696
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
+(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
+-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456
+R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F
+.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.945
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885
+144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.944
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
-(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1
-(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .2
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .199
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.236
-E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.237
+E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
-541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 577.2 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
-.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
-(tempted without an interv)184 589.2 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184
-601.2 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 613.2 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
-625.2 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G
-1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G
-.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)
-3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 649.2 S(ult.).1 E F1
-(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172
-(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
-(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 673.2 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S 1.287(ult, b)
-.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
-(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 697.2 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A
-F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+694.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 706.8
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(76)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 77 77
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(compat31)144 84 Q(compat32)144 96 Q(compat40)144 108 Q(compat41)144
-120 Q(compat42)144 132 Q(compat43)144 144 Q(compat44)144 156 Q(compat50)
-144 168 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 180 R 3.389
-(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 192 Q
-F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 208.8 Q F0 .653
-(If set,)184 220.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metachara\
-cters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525
-(forming completion.)184 232.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .816
+(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .816(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1
+9/Times-Bold@0 SF .817(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.067 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.317(\). The).15 F .817(shell al-)3.317 F -.1(wa)184 96 S
+(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
+-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 108 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
+120 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09
+(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85
+(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E
+F1(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F2
+(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173
+(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172
+(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
+184 168 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.288(ult, b).1
+F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
+(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)184 192 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F2
+(compat31)144 204 Q(compat32)144 216 Q(compat40)144 228 Q(compat41)144
+240 Q(compat42)144 252 Q(compat43)144 264 Q(compat44)144 276 Q(compat50)
+144 288 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 300 R 3.389
+(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F1 .889(SHELL COMP)
+3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 312 Q F0(belo)2.25 E
+(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 340.8
+R F2(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\
+s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524
+(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024
E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524
(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\
haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184
-244.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 256.8 R .028
-(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028
-(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 268.8 R 1.073
+364.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028
+(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029
+(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073
(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
-(ev e)184 280.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
-6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
+6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
-292.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 304.8 Q
+412.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 424.8 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
-(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 321.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487
-(If set,)184 333.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
+(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486
+(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
-.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184
-345.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F
-(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184
-357.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 374.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184
-374.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
+.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184
+465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F
+(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)
+184 477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
+(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184
+494.4 R F2(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 386.4 Q(xist.)-.15
-E F1(dotglob)144 403.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 403.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 506.4 Q(xist.)-.15
+E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0
.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665
('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 415.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
-.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
+(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 535.2 Q F2 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
+.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5
-(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0
-(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 432 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184
-432 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516
-(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516
+(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0
+(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184
+552 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516
+(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517
(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184
-444 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E
-.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0
--.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 460.8 Q F0 .716
-(If set, aliases are e)184 472.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
-1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0
-SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 484.8 Q
-(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144
-501.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17
+564 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E
+.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0
+-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .717
+(If set, aliases are e)184 592.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
+1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716
+(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 604.8 Q(ault for interacti)
+-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 621.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+.17(If set at shell in)184 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17
(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081
-(before the shell starts, identical to the)184
525.6 R F1<adad646562>
-3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582
-F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 537.6 Q
-(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
-554.4 Q F0(The)220 554.4 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251
-F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
+.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082
+(before the shell starts, identical to the)184
645.6 R F2<adad646562>
+3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581
+F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q
+(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184
+674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F2<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F
+F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 566.4
-Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 583.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
-220 583.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)
+(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 686.4
+Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 703.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
+220 703.2 R F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)
4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E
-(command is skipped and not e)220 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1
-(3.)184 612 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.341 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84
-(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 624 S .488
-(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1
-(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 652.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 652.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E
-F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904
-(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 664.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 681.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is e\
-nabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 681.6 R
-(shells in)220 693.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E
-F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
-(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0
-(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 710.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\
-and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 710.4 R(in)220
-722.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4
-(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)
-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(command is skipped and not e)220 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 78 78
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4
+SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.34 E
+(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841
+(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488
+(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1
+(sour)220 108 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 124.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220
+124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0
+.904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220
+136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function trac\
+ing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220
+153.6 R(shells in)220 165.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)
+-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
+(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0
+(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 182.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\
+and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 182.4 R(in)220
+194.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3
+(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)
+2.5 E F1(extglob)144 211.2 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 211.2 R .4
(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0
-(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 112.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 124.8 R
-F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)
--3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86
-(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1(${)3.36 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
-F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86(pansions en-).15 F
-(closed in double quotes.)184 136.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 153.6 Q F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)
-184 153.6 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243
-(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 165.6 Q(.)
--.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 182.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
-.937(If set, the suf)184 194.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)
--.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936
-(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32
-(when performing w)184 206.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32
-(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 218.4 R
-F3 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)
--.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184
-230.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 247.2 Q F0 2.518
-(If set, range e)184 259.2 R 2.519
-(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519
-(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
-(Matching)184 271.2 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha)
--3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214
+-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 223.2 Q
+F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 252 R F1
+($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0
+(")A F3(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1
+(${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86
+(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 264 Q
+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 280.8 Q
+F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243
+(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243
+(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 292.8 Q(.)
+-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 309.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
+.936(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)
+-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w)
+-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R
+.32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G
+.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947
+(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
+(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2
+(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948
+F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q
+F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519
+(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518
+(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
+(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha)
+-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214
(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)
--3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 283.2 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G
+-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G
1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F
-F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 295.2 R F1
-(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)
--3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956
-(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 307.2 Q(.)-.55 E
-F1(globskipdots)144 324 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 336 R .284
+F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 422.4 R F1
+(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)
+-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957
+(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E
+F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .285
(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285
(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E
-F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e)
-.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-)
--2.785 F(tern be)184 348 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
-.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(globstar)144 364.8 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 364.8 R F1(**)
-3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
-.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 376.8 R .431
-(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
-2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184
-388.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 405.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\
-ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 417.6 Q F1
-(histappend)144 434.4 Q F0 .676
+F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e)
+.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-)
+-2.784 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55
+(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1
+E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**)
+3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
+.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432
+(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 504 R .431
+(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0
+2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184
+516 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 532.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\
+tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 544.8 Q F1
+(histappend)144 561.6 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-446.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G
-(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 458.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 475.2 Q(eedit)
--.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 487.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E
-F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15
-G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
-(tory substitution.)184 499.2 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
-(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
+573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G
+(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 585.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 602.4 Q(eedit)
+-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E
+F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15
+G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F
+(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402
+(If set, and)184 655.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
-(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
-2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 568.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 580.8 R F1 -.18(re)
-3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
-1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)
-184 592.8 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
-(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
-F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
-(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 621.6 Q F0
-(If set,)184 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
-(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 650.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
-(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 662.4 R .219
-(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
-(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 674.4 Q
-2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5
-E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments)
-.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 703.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F
-.33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
-(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 715.2 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)
--.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184
-727.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(78)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661
+(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161
+G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25
+E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
+(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.681
+G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182
+(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184
+720 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
+(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E
+F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(78)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 79 79
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(lastpipe)144 84 Q F0 .066(If set, and job control is not acti)184 84
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t).15 G .066
-(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 96 Q
-(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 112.8 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184
-112.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
-(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F
-(with embedded ne)184 124.8 Q
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(abo)184 84 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 100.8 Q F0(If set,)184 112.8 Q F1(bash)
+2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
+(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
+(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 141.6 R .219
+(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
+(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 153.6 Q
+2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)
+144 170.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 182.4 R
+2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E
+F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)
+-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 194.4 R 1.267
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F
+(enabled by def)184 206.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 223.2 Q F0 .066
+(If set, and job control is not acti)184 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566
+(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
+(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 235.2 Q(vironment.)
+-.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist)
+3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F
+-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
+(with embedded ne)184 264 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 141.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 153.6 R
+(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 292.8 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-165.6 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
-(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173
-(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 177.6 Q
-F1(localv)144 194.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 206.4 R
-F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
-.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
+304.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
+(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
+(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q
+F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 345.6 R
+F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
+.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \
-the beha)184 218.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 230.4 Q
-(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 247.2
+the beha)184 357.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 369.6 Q
+(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 386.4
Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-259.2 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0
-(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 271.2 S
-(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 288 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815
-(If set, and a \214le that)184 300 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
-(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F
--.1(wa)184 312 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
-(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0
-(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1
-(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 328.8 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1
--.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)
-2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825
-G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F
-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 352.8 Q
-F1(nocaseglob)144 369.6 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 381.6 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0
-.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)
--.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 393.6 S
+398.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.)
+.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)
+184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
+(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
+-.1(wa)184 451.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
+(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)
+-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468
+Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325
+(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324
+(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E
+F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F
+(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1
+(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0
+.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)
+-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S
(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 410.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184
-422.4 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194
-(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
-1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 434.4 R
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184
+561.6 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
+1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E
F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051
-F -.1(wo)184 446.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\
+F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\
possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184
-458.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 475.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 487.2 R
-F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\
-ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 499.2 Q
+597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 626.4 R
+F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\
+ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 638.4 Q
(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1
-(nullglob)144 516 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)
-3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
-3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355
-(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 540 S
+(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0
+(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1
+-.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S
(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1
-(patsub_r)144 556.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 568.8 R F1
-(bash)2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)
-2.606 E F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)
-2.606 F .527(the te)184 580.8 R .527
-(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G
-.528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G
-(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 592.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144
-609.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184
-621.6 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
-(are enabled.)184 633.6 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(pr)144 650.4 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124
-(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 662.4 R F1(bash)
-4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 674.4 Q
-3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789
-(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788
-(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 686.4 R F1(bash)3.973 E
-F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F
-1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 698.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(79)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash)
+2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E
+F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F
+.528(the te)184 720 R .528
+(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G
+.527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G
+(his)-5.527 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(79)199.835 E 0
+Cg EP
%%Page: 80 80
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448
-(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S .17
-(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17
-(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)
-144 136.8 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)
+144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)
+184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
+(are enabled.)184 124.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+F1(pr)144 141.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124
+(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 153.6 R F1(bash)
+4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 165.6 Q
+3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789
+(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789
+(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E
+F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F
+1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 189.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E
+F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447
+(If set, prompt strings under)184 218.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
+1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184
+230.4 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G
+.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18
+(re)144 259.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
-184 148.8 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 160.8 Q 2.86
+184 271.2 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 283.2 Q 2.86
(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36
(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 172.8 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25
+(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 295.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5
-E F1(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1
-(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501
-(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 213.6 Q F1(sour)
-144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(.)3.27 E F0
-(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47
-F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771
-(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F
-(\214le supplied as an ar)184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
-(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 271.2 S(rr).1
-E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\
-e descriptors assigned using the)184 283.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 295.2 R
-F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G
-.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F
-(mand completes.)184 307.2 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0(If set, the)184
-336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
-(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
-108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 364.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001
-(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1<ad66>
-2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
-(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is)
-5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E
+E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 324 R F1
+(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
+(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 336 Q F1(sour)
+144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.271 E
+F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
+-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77
+(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
+184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E
+(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \
+set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\
+he)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E
+.424(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)
+2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424
+(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1
+(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E
+(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001
+(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001
+(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G
+F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be)
+3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 499.2 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023
+(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
+(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is)
+5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 511.2 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E
F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5
-E F1(test)108 405.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 417.6 Q F3 -.2
-(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878
-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877
-(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6
-S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
+E F1(test)108 528 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 540 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5
+G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144
+540 R .878(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
+(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 552 S
+(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
-(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361
-(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E
-F2(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)
--3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q
-(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
-E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786
-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
-(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
-4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
-(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
-(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
-F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23
-E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
-.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2
-E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2
-(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
--.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5
-E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S
-(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180
-579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2
-(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E
-F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
+(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36
+(primaries described abo)144 564 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
+(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-)
+-3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 576 Q(gument of)
+-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786
+(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 594 R .785
+(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
+(dence. The)144 606 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
+(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
+4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
+(used when there are \214v)144 618 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
+-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 630 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35
+(Tr)180 630 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)
+-.1 E F1(\()144 642 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26
+(Returns the v)180 642 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0
+5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 654 Q F3 -.2(ex)
+144 666 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
+(Tr)180 678 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
+-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 690 S(pr1).2 E
+F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 702 S
+(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G
+(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 718.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
+F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
-180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18
-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q
-(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
-180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
-F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553
-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
-(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q
-(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(80)199.835 E
+0 Cg EP
%%Page: 81 81
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S
--.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 96 R .236
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S
+-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)
+-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q
+(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
+E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180
+144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C
+.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15
+F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
+168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
+(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
+.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q
+(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855
-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578
-(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\
-est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333
-(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.833 E
-F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
+(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u)
+-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A
+F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\
+ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)
+-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and)
+3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
-(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F
-.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558
+(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F
+.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558
(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1
-E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021
-(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q
-.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
+E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021
+(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F
+(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q
+.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18
-F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 204 R .43
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429
-(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)2.929 E F0 2.929
-(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 216 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
-(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745
-(ments. the)180 228 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18
-F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 240 R(xactly)
--.15 E F3(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e)
--.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31
-(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F
-.184(second and third ar)180 252 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184
-(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183
-(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 264
-Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 276 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E
-(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 288 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
+F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 312 R .429
+(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
+(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C
+.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 324 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314
+(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
+(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744
+(ments. the)180 336 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
+(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18
+F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 348 R(xactly)
+-.15 E F1(\()2.81 E F0 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18
+F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw)
+-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183
+(second and third ar)180 360 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184
+(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184
+(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 372
+Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 384 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E
+(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 396 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 300
-Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 318 Q F3(test)2.5 E F0(or)
-2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(>)2.5
+(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 408
+Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 426 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or)
+2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5
E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15
-E F3(times)108 334.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
-imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 334.8 R
-(The return status is 0.)144 346.8 Q F3(trap)108 363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
+E F1(times)108 442.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
+imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 442.8 R
+(The return status is 0.)144 454.8 Q F1(trap)108 471.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 375.6 R F4(ar)
-3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682
-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F4(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F4
-(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
-144
387.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E
+(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command)144 483.6 R F4(ar)
+3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682
+(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(ss).15 G
+(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F4(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G(f)-5.682 E F4
+(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608(absent \(and there is a single)
+144
495.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.658(\(the v)144 399.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
+.659(\(the v)144 507.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec)
-144.34 411.6 Q F0 .581
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
-(is not present and)3.3 F F3<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 423.6 R
-F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 435.6 R F3<ad70>3.36
-E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
+144.34 519.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
+3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
+F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 531.6 R
+F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 543.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
+E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144
447.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
-to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
-4.311(bers. Each)144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 471.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
-F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 489.6 R F4
-(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F1(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666
-(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
-.667(If a)5.667 F F4(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F1(DE-)3.167 E -.09
-(BU)144 501.6 S(G).09 E F2(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F4(ar)3.314 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for)
-2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4
-(select)144 513.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563
+(signal. The)144
555.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
+to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
+(bers. Each)144 567.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
+(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811
+(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
+(names are case insensiti)144 579.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
+F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 597.6 R F4
+(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667
+(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
+.666(If a)5.666 F F4(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(DE-)3.166 E -.09
+(BU)144 609.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F4(ar)3.313 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for)
+2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4(case)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4
+(select)144 621.6 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563
(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)3.063 E F0 .563
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563
-(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 525.6 R F1 .622
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562
+(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 633.6 R F2 .622
(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15
-F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F3(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.622(option to the)3.122 F F3(shopt)144 537.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)2.996 E
+F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0
+.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 645.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496
+(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)2.996 E
(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F4(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is)
-3.306 E F1(RETURN)2.996 E F2(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F4(ar)
-144.33 549.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18
+3.306 E F2(RETURN)2.996 E F3(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F4(ar)
+144.33 657.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18
-(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F3(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E
-F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 561.6 S
-(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 579.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F1
-(ERR)3.46 E F2(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0
-.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\
+(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E
+F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 669.6 S
+(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 687.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F2
+(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E
+F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\
gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\
-ro e)144 591.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144
-603.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F1(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451
-(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
-(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 615.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F3(while)
-2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387
-(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778
-(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0
-3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 639.6 R
-1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
--3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
-F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 651.6 Q
-(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5
-(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132
-(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-669.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
-(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 681.6 R .117
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
-(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 693.6 R
-(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0
-(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0
-(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(81)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+ro e)144 699.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144
+711.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451
+(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451
+(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387
+(mand list immediately follo)144 723.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
+2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388
+(statement, part)4.848 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(81)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 82 82
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
-3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .778
+(of a command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778(list e)
+3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
+F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G
+1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 96 R 1.28
+(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78
+F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!)
+3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 108 Q(yed by the)
+-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
+(ption.)-2.5 E .133
+(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
+126 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
+(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 138 R .117
+(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
+(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 150 R
+(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1
+(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 166.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4
+(Wi)144 178.8 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
+F1<ad74>144 190.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855
+(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 202.8 Q F0 .087
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
+(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 214.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
+F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 226.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G
-.528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E
-F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
--.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)
-2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007
-(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2
-(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007
-(ommand is hashed,)-2.50
7 F F1<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50>
-3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 238.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
+G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
+E F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+-.666(PA)3.029 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 250.8 R F2(name)
+2.507 E F0 2.507(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F3 .007
+(type -t name)2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2
+(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006
+(ommand is hashed,)-2.50
6 F F1<ad70>2.506 E F0(and)144 262.8 Q F1<ad50>
+3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the)
-5.23 F F1<ad61>144 192 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E
-F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824
-(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176
-(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 2
04 R F1<ad70>
-3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
+F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731
+(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>144 274.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F1
+(type)3.324 E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .823(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18
+G .823(his in-)-5.823 F 1.176
+(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 2
86.8 R F1<ad70>
+3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 2
16 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 228 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326
-E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 240 Q F1(ulimit)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A
+144 2
98.8 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
+144 310.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
+5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 322.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 339.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 280.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 363.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 292.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 316.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-328.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 340.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
+.741(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 364.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
-(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
+(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F1<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984
+(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 376.8
+(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 459.6
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
-388.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 400.8 Q F0
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 4
00.8 Q F1<ad62>
-144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 412.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 424.8 Q F1<ad64>144 436.8
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 436.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 448.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
448.8 Q F1<ad66>144
-460.8 Q F0
+471.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 483.6 Q F0
+(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 4
83.6 Q F1<ad62>
+144 495.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 495.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 507.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 507.6 Q F1<ad64>144 519.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 519.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 531.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
531.6 Q F1<ad66>144
+543.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-460.8 Q F1<ad69>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-472.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 484.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 484.8 Q F1
-<ad6c>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 496.8 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 508.8 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 508.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+543.6 Q F1<ad69>144 555.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+555.6 Q F1<ad6b>144 567.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 567.6 Q F1
+<ad6c>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 579.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 591.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 591.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 603.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 520.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 532.8 Q F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 544.8 Q F1
-<ad71>144 556.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 556.8 Q F1
-<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 568.8
-Q F1<ad73>144
580.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 580.8 Q F1<ad74>144
-592.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 592.8 Q F1
-<ad75>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 604.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 616.8 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+180 603.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 615.6 Q F1<ad70>144 627.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 627.6 Q F1
+<ad71>144 639.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 639.6 Q F1
+<ad72>144 651.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 651.6
+Q F1<ad73>144
663.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 663.6 Q F1<ad74>144
+675.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 675.6 Q F1
+<ad75>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 687.6 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 699.6 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 699.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-628.8 Q F1<ad78>144 640.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
-640.8 Q F1<ad50>144 652.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
-652.8 Q F1<ad52>144 664.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\
- run before blocking, in microseconds)180 664.8 Q F1<ad54>144 676.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)180 676.8 Q(If)144 693.6 Q F2(limit)3.058
-E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>
-2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
-(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-717.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
-F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
--3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144 729.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
-F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
-F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(82)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(82)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 83 83
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 84 R .238(The return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238(lid option or ar).25 F .238
-(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F(error occurs while setting a ne)144 96
-Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad78>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 84 Q F1<ad50>
+144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 96 Q F1<ad52>144
+108 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, \
+in microseconds)180 108 Q F1<ad54>144 120 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 120 Q(If)144 136.8 Q/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
+F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
+(no option is gi)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144
+160.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
+F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
+-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad6b>144 172.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E
+F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
+(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
+F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238
+(512-byte increments.)144 184.8 R .238
+(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
+(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 196.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
+F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 225.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 237.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+249.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 261.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
+(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
-F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(unalias)108 302.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E
+F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
+3.258 F(mo)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
-3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0
+3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 266.4 Q F0 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 278.4 R F1
-<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
+(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 367.2 Q F0 .464
+(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
+(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
+2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 379.2 R F1
+<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 290.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 391.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 302.4 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
-<ad6e>5.7
19 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
-3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-326.4 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F
+.72(rather than the v)144 403.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+<ad6e>5.7
2 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
+3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F
+.736(are supplied, each)144 415.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736
+(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737
+(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144
+427.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 338.4 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
+-.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 439.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
-.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 350.4 S
-(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
+.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 451.2 S
+(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
-F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
-144 362.4 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
+144 463.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-374.4 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
-4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
-1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 386.4 Q(The e)5 E
+475.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya)
+-.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 487.2 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E
-
F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 415.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
-hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
-3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
-(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F2(id)144.01 439.2 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
+(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 516 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\
+ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
+3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009
+(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25
+G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008
+(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E
+F2(id)144.01 540 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1
+(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 451.2 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
-3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
-F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 463.2
-Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
-(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
-E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 475.2 R
-.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 487.2 R .573
-(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
-(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
+.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598
+(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 552 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
+(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1
+<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 564 Q F0
+-.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id)
+3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E
+F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15
+G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 576 R .404
+(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
+(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572
+(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 588 R .573
+(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573
+(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 499.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 511.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
+144 600 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
+144 612 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E
-(an)144 523.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
+(an)144 624 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 535.2 R F1
+(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 636 R F1
(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
-.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 547.2 R(If)5.635 E F2
-(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 559.2 Q
+.575(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
+(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 648 R(If)5.635 E F2(id)
+3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
+(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 660 Q
(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E
(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 576 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G
-(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108
-588 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C
-1.354(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108
-600 S .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E
-F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399
-(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399
-F(le)108 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754
-(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754
-(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15
-G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753
-(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 624 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F
-1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F
-1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084
-(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 636 Q
-(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G
-(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457
-(This section does not mention beha)108 652.8 R 1.457
-(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456
-(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886
-(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 664.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886
-(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887
-(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 676.8 Q
-(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E
-.523(If a user enables, say)108 693.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0
-3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25
-F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522
-(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108
-705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259
-(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G
-.26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108
-717.6 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646
-(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645
-(or instance, the)-.15 F .76
-(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 729.6 R F1([[)3.261
-E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761
-(ersions used)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(83)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 676.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G
+(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.354(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108
+688.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C
+1.355(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108
+700.8 S .399(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.899
+E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.899 E F0 2.899(,a)C
+.399(nd so on\).)-2.899 F .398(There is only one current compatibility)
+5.398 F(le)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G
+.753(ach option is mutually e)-3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.753(.T).15 G .753(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254
+(li).15 G 3.254(si)-3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25
+G .754(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 724.8 Q 1.084(vior from pre)
+-.2 F 1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)
+-.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G
+1.083(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(83)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 84 84
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.905
-(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)
-4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295(granularity may not be suf)108 96 R .296
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(current features and beha)108 84 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E
+2.5(si)-.55 G(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456
+(This section does not mention beha)108 100.8 R 1.457
+(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457
+(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat32)3.957 E F0
+.887(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 112.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886
+(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886
+(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 124.8 Q
+(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E
+.522(If a user enables, say)108 141.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0
+3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25
+F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
+(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108
+153.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. The).15 F .259
+(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(lc).15
+G .259(ontrols beha)-2.759 F .259(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.645
+(in that v)108 165.6 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146
+(,b)C 1.646(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15
+(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F
+1.646(or instance, the)-.15 F .761
+(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 177.6 R F1([[)3.261
+E F0 .76(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .76
+(ersions used)-.15 F 1.904(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108
+189.6 R F1(compat32)4.404 E F0 1.905
+(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.404 F(That)6.905 E .296
+(granularity may not be suf)108 201.6 R .296
(\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796
-(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15
-F(fully)108 108 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular fe\
-ature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532
-(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 124.8 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032
+(yc)-.1 G .295(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .295(ls care-).15
+F(fully)108 213.6 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \
+feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .531
+(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 230.4 R 3.031(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.031
F(ariable:)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E
-.855(AT)-.666 G/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F
-.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)108 136.8 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107
-(.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat)
-2.608 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608
-(e4)-.1 G .108(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 148.8
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108
-165.6 R .388(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.887(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387
-(he options will)-2.887 F(be remo)108 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15
+.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .532(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15
+(ve)108 242.4 S .108(rsion number lik).15 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108
+(.2, or an inte)-2.608 F .108(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat)
+2.607 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NN)A F0 .107(option, lik)2.607 F 2.607
+(e4)-.1 G .107(2\) determines the com-)-2.607 F(patibility le)108 254.4
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .387(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108
+271.2 R .388(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 2.888(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.888(,t)-.65 G .388
+(he options will)-2.888 F(be remo)108 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15
G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G
-(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F3(.).855 E F0 1.163
-(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 194.4 R 1.163
-(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.164
-(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.164(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.)
--.15 E(Users should use)108 206.4 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855
-(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.614
-(The follo)108 223.2 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613
+(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F3(.).855 E F0 1.164
+(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 300 R 1.164
+(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.163
+(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.163(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.)
+-.15 E(Users should use)108 312 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855
+(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.613
+(The follo)108 328.8 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613
(vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 235.2 Q F4(NN)A
-F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.685
+4.113(ls).15 G 4.114(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 340.8 Q F4(NN)A
+F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.686
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F4(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186
-(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.807(mechanisms. F)108
-247.2 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307
+(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.806(mechanisms. F)108
+352.8 R 1.306(or v)-.15 F 1.306
(ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.806(lm).15 G 1.306(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.806 F F1
-(compat)108 259.2 Q F4(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502
+3.807(lm).15 G 1.307(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.807 F F1
+(compat)108 364.8 Q F4(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502
G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the)
-.15 F F2 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va)
3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F
-(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 271.2 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1
-(compat31)108 288 Q F0<83>144 300 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 300 Q F1
-([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 G
-2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect)-.25
-E F1(compat32)108 316.8 Q F0<83>144 328.8 Q .35
-(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 328.8
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017
-(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 340.8 R .018
-(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt)
-.15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F
-(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 352.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 369.6 Q F0<83>144
-381.6 Q(the)180 381.6 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173
+(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 376.8 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1
+(compat31)108 393.6 Q F0<83>144 405.6 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 405.6
+Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15
+G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect)
+-.25 E F1(compat32)108 422.4 Q F0<83>144 434.4 Q .35
+(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 434.4
+R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .018
+(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 446.4 R .018
+(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.517(dt)
+.15 G .017(he interrupt, so in-)-2.517 F
+(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 458.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 475.2 Q F0<83>144
+487.2 Q(the)180 487.2 Q F1(<)2.673 E F0(and)2.673 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173
(operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173
(command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E
-.067(ing strings; the)180 393.6 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067
-(se ASCII ordering.)-2.567 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .068
-(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 405.6 Q F4
-(str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903
-(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.402(sc)-.55 G
-1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F4(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180
-417.6 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 434.4 Q F0<83>144 446.4 Q(in)180
-446.4 Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29
-(may be follo)3.79 F 1.29
-(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F(ed)-.15 E -.1
-(wo)180 458.4 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 E<83>144
-470.4 Q(in)180 470.4 Q F4(posix)2.709 E F0 .208
-(mode, the parser requires that an e)2.709 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15
-G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F4(wor)2.708 E(d)
--.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 482.4 R .282
-(xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.782(,s)-.65 G 2.782(ot)
--2.782 G .282(hat charac-)-2.782 F(ters within the single quotes are co\
-nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 494.4 Q F1
-(compat42)108 511.2 Q F0<83>144 523.2 Q 1.056(the replacement string in\
- double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 523.2 R 1.055
-(go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 535.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v)
-.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 547.2 Q .021
-(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 547.2 R
-.021(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(wor)2.521 E(d)-.37 E F0 .021(portion of a)
-2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 559.2 R .017
+.068(ing strings; the)180 499.2 R 2.568(yu)-.15 G .068
+(se ASCII ordering.)-2.568 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .067
+(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 511.2 Q F4
+(str)4.742 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.902
+(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.403(sc)-.55 G
+1.903(ollation sequence and)-4.403 F F4(str)4.743 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180
+523.2 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 540 Q F0<83>144 552 Q(in)180 552
+Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29(may be follo)
+3.79 F 1.29(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F
+(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)180 564 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 E
+<83>144 576 Q(in)180 576 Q F4(posix)2.708 E F0 .208
+(mode, the parser requires that an e)2.708 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15
+G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F4(wor)2.709 E(d)
+-.37 E F0 .282(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 588 R .282
+(xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.781(,s)-.65 G 2.781(ot)
+-2.781 G .281(hat charac-)-2.781 F(ters within the single quotes are co\
+nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 600 Q F1
+(compat42)108 616.8 Q F0<83>144 628.8 Q 1.055(the replacement string in\
+ double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 628.8 R 1.056
+(go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 640.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v)
+.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 652.8 Q .021
+(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 652.8 R
+.021(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(portion of a)2.52
+F .017(double-quoted parameter e)180 664.8 R .017
(xpansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other spe-)-.15 F
-.998(cial character \(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221\); in la\
-ter v)180 571.2 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F
-(are not special within double-quoted w)180 583.2 Q(ord e)-.1 E
-(xpansions)-.15 E F1(compat43)108 600 Q F0<83>144 612 Q 1.071
-(the shell does not print a w)180 612 R 1.07
-(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .248
-(pound assignment as an ar)180 624 R .249
-(gument to declare \(declare -a foo='\(1 2\)'\). Later v)-.18 F .249
-(ersions w)-.15 F(arn)-.1 E(that this usage is deprecated)180 636 Q<83>
-144 648 Q -.1(wo)180 648 S .501(rd e).1 F .501
-(xpansion errors are considered non-f)-.15 F .501
-(atal errors that cause the current command to)-.1 F -.1(fa)180 660 S
-.605(il, e).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.105(ni).15 G 3.105(np)-3.105 G .605
-(osix mode \(the def)-3.105 F .605(ault beha)-.1 F .605(vior is to mak)
--.2 F 3.105(et)-.1 G .605(hem f)-3.105 F .605
-(atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(shell to e)180 672 Q(xit\))-.15 E<83>
-144 684 Q .355(when e)180 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
-(cuting a shell function, the loop state \(while/until/etc.\)).15 F .354
-(is not reset, so)5.354 F F1(br)2.854 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.854 E F1
-(continue)180 696 Q F0 .052
-(in that function will break or continue loops in the calling conte)
-2.552 F .053(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre)
-180 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(84)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+.999(cial character \(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221\); in la\
+ter v)180 676.8 R .998(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F
+(are not special within double-quoted w)180 688.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E
+(xpansions)-.15 E F1(compat43)108 705.6 Q F0<83>144 717.6 Q 1.07
+(the shell does not print a w)180 717.6 R 1.071
+(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .249
+(pound assignment as an ar)180 729.6 R .248
+(gument to declare \(declare -a foo='\(1 2\)'\). Later v)-.18 F .248
+(ersions w)-.15 F(arn)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(84)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 85 85
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(compat44)108 84 Q F0<83>144 96 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 96
-R .719(alues used by)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G
-(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E F2 -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719
-(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G .718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E
-(to the shell')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G(ositional parameters e)-2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G(xtended deb)-2.65 E
-(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 120 Q 2.634(as)180 120 S .134
-(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte)-2.634 F .135(xt, so)-.15
-F F1(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F1(continue)2.635 E F0 .135
-(will cause the sub-)2.635 F(shell to e)180 132 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15
-F(and later reset the loop state to pre)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e)
-.15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 144 Q -.25(va)180 144 S .619
-(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik)-.2 F(e)-.1 E F1
-(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F1 -.18(re)3.118 G(adonly).18 E F0 .618
-(that set attrib)3.118 F .618(utes con-)-.2 F .119(tinue to af)180 156 R
-.119(fect v)-.25 F .119(ariables with the same name in the calling en)
--.25 F .12(vironment e)-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62
-G .12(he shell is)-2.62 F(not in posix mode)180 168 Q F1(compat50)108
-184.8 Q F0<83>144 196.8 Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 196.8 R(ay)
--.1 E F2($RANDOM)3.709 E F0 1.209
-(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F 1.018
-(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518
-(li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E
-3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019
-(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 220.8 R .733
-(vious v)-.25 F .732
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(that this usage is deprecated)180 84 Q<83>144 96 Q -.1(wo)180 96 S .5
+(rd e).1 F .501(xpansion errors are considered non-f)-.15 F .501
+(atal errors that cause the current command to)-.1 F -.1(fa)180 108 S
+.605(il, e).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.105(ni).15 G 3.105(np)-3.105 G .605
+(osix mode \(the def)-3.105 F .605(ault beha)-.1 F .605(vior is to mak)
+-.2 F 3.105(et)-.1 G .605(hem f)-3.105 F .605
+(atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(shell to e)180 120 Q(xit\))-.15 E<83>
+144 132 Q .354(when e)180 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
+(cuting a shell function, the loop state \(while/until/etc.\)).15 F .355
+(is not reset, so)5.354 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)2.855 E(eak)-.18 E F0
+(or)2.855 E F1(continue)180 144 Q F0 .052
+(in that function will break or continue loops in the calling conte)
+2.553 F .052(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre)
+180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F1(compat44)108 172.8 Q F0<83>144
+184.8 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 184.8 R .719(alues used by)-.25
+F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E F2
+-.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719(so the)2.969 F 3.219(yc)-.15 G
+.719(an e)-3.219 F(xpand)-.15 E(to the shell')180 196.8 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G
+(ositional parameters e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G
+(xtended deb)-2.65 E(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 208.8 Q
+2.635(as)180 208.8 S .135(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte)
+-2.635 F .135(xt, so)-.15 F F1(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F1
+(continue)2.634 E F0 .134(will cause the sub-)2.634 F(shell to e)180
+220.8 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 F(and later reset the loop state to pre)
+2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e).15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 232.8 Q -.25(va)
+180 232.8 S .618(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik)
+-.2 F(e)-.1 E F1(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F1 -.18(re)3.118 G
+(adonly).18 E F0 .618(that set attrib)3.118 F .619(utes con-)-.2 F .12
+(tinue to af)180 244.8 R .12(fect v)-.25 F .119
+(ariables with the same name in the calling en)-.25 F .119(vironment e)
+-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.619(ni).15 G 2.619(ft)-2.619 G .119(he shell is)
+-2.619 F(not in posix mode)180 256.8 Q F1(compat50)108 273.6 Q F0<83>144
+285.6 Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 285.6 R(ay)-.1 E F2($RANDOM)
+3.709 E F0 1.209(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F
+1.019(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+3.518(li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25
+E 3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.018
+(rts to the method from).25 F .732(bash-5.0 and pre)180 309.6 R .732
+(vious v)-.25 F .733
(ersions, so seeding the random number generator by assigning a)-.15 F
--.25(va)180 232.8 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0
-(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 244.8 Q
-.695(If the command hash table is empty)180 244.8 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696
-(ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15
-F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 256.8 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15
+-.25(va)180 321.6 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0
+(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 333.6 Q
+.696(If the command hash table is empty)180 333.6 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696
+(ash v)-3.196 F .695(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15
+F 1.32(tional message to that ef)180 345.6 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321
(hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F
-(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180
268.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0
-(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 285.6 Q F0<83>144 297.6 Q
-(The)180 297.6 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454
-(iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F1(@)2.955 E F0
-(and)2.955 E F1(*)2.955 E F0(dif)2.955 E .455(ferently depending)-.25 F
-(on whether the array is inde)180 309.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G
+(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180
357.6 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0
+(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 374.4 Q F0<83>144 386.4 Q
+(The)180 386.4 Q F1(unset)2.955 E F0 -.2(bu)2.955 G .455
+(iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F1(@)2.954 E F0
+(and)2.954 E F1(*)2.954 E F0(dif)2.954 E .454(ferently depending)-.25 F
+(on whether the array is inde)180 398.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G
2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E
(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 326.4 Q F0(If)108 338.4 Q F1(bash)
-3.582 E F0 1.081(is started with the name)3.581 F F1(rbash)3.581 E F0
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 415.2 Q F0(If)108 427.2 Q F1(bash)
+3.581 E F0 1.081(is started with the name)3.581 F F1(rbash)3.581 E F0
3.581(,o)C 3.581(rt)-3.581 G(he)-3.581 E F1<ad72>3.581 E F0 1.081
(option is supplied at in)3.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081
-(cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.976(stricted. A)108 350.4 R .476
-(restricted shell is used to set up an en)2.976 F .476
-(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F .477(It be-)
-5.477 F(ha)108 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E
+(cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.977(stricted. A)108 439.2 R .476
+(restricted shell is used to set up an en)2.977 F .476
+(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F .476(It be-)
+5.476 F(ha)108 451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E
F1(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E
-(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 379.2 Q
-(changing directories with)144 379.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 396 Q
-(setting or unsetting the v)144 396 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(HISTFILE)
-2.25 E F4(,)A F2(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV)
-.27 E F0<83>108 412.8 Q(specifying command names containing)144 412.8 Q
-F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 429.6 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144
-429.6 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0
--.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 446.4 Q
-(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 446.4 Q
+(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 468 Q
+(changing directories with)144 468 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 484.8 Q
+(setting or unsetting the v)144 484.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E
+/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2
+(HISTFILE)2.25 E F4(,)A F2(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5
+G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 501.6 Q(specifying command names containing)144
+501.6 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 518.4 Q
+(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 518.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0
+(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G
+(iltin command).2 E<83>108 535.2 Q
+(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 535.2 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1(history)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2
-E<83>108 463.2 Q .45
-(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 463.2 R .449
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1
-(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 475.2 Q
-<83>108 492 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 492
-Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 508.8 Q(parsing the v)144 508.8 Q
-(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E
-(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 525.6 Q(redirecting output using the\
- >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 525.6 Q<83>108
-542.4 Q(using the)144 542.4 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108
-559.2 Q(adding or deleting b)144 559.2 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E
-F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 576 Q(using the)
-144 576 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+E<83>108 552 Q .449(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)
+144 552 R .449(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.95 E F0 .45(option to the)
+2.95 F F1(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 564
+Q<83>108 580.8 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144
+580.8 Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 597.6 Q(parsing the v)144
+597.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E
+(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 614.4 Q(redirecting output using the\
+ >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 614.4 Q<83>108
+631.2 Q(using the)144 631.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108 648
+Q(adding or deleting b)144 648 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F1<ad66>
+2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E
+F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 664.8 Q(using the)144 664.8 Q
+F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E<83>108
-
592.8 Q(specifying the)144 592.8 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
-F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 609.6 Q
-(turning of)144 609.6 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1
+
681.6 Q(specifying the)144 681.6 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
+F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 698.4 Q
+(turning of)144 698.4 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1
(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(shopt -u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E F0
-(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 626.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566
-(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 643.2 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F2 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0
-(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 655.2 Q F0(turns of)
-2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15
-E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F3(SEE ALSO)72
-672 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 684 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0
-2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5
-(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 696 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E
-(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)
-144.29 E(85)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 715.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)
+150.675 E(85)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 86 86
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(The Gnu History Libr)108 84 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C
-(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F1 -.8(Po)108 96 S
-(rtable Oper).8 E(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E
-(art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E
-(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 108 Q(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E
-(http://tiswww)108 120 Q
-(.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F1(sh)
-108 132 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F1(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A
-F1(emacs)108 144 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.37(re)108 156
-S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 172.8 Q F1
-(/bin/bash)109.666 184.8 Q F0(The)144 196.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 208.8 Q
-(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 220.8 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bash_pr)109.666 232.8
-Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 244.8 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 256.8 Q
-(c)-.37 E F0(The indi)144 268.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(-shell startup \214le).15 E F1(~/.bash_lo)109.666 280.8 Q
-(gout)-.1 E F0(The indi)144 292.8 Q
-(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F1(~/.bash_history)109.666
-304.8 Q F0(The def)144 316.8 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5
-(st).15 G(he command history)-2.5 E F1(~/.inputr)109.666 328.8 Q(c)-.37
-E F0(Indi)144 340.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0
-(initialization \214le)2.5 E F2 -.548(AU)72 357.6 S(THORS).548 E F0
-(Brian F)108 369.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E
-(bfox@gnu.or)108 381.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 398.4 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.566
+(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 84 R -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.566
+(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(rbash)108 96 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15
+(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72
+112.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 124.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37
+E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4
+(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 136.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E
+(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 148.8 Q
+(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E
+F4 -.8(Po)108 160.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E
+(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities)
+-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 172.8 Q
+(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 184.8 Q
+(.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F4(sh)
+108 196.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A
+F4(emacs)108 208.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108
+220.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 237.6 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666
+249.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E
+F4(/etc/pr)109.666 273.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0
+(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 285.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 297.6 Q(o\214le)-.45
+E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 309.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 321.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(The indi)144 333.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 345.6 Q(gout)-.1 E F0
+(The indi)144 357.6 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4
+(~/.bash_history)109.666 369.6 Q F0(The def)144 381.6 Q(ault v)-.1 E
+(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G
+(he command history)-2.5 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 393.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(Indi)144 405.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0
+(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 422.4 S(THORS).548 E F0
+(Brian F)108 434.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E
+(bfox@gnu.or)108 446.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 463.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)
-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 410.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F2 -.11(BU)72
-427.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568
-(If you \214nd a b)108 439.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568
+-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 475.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72
+492 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567(If you \214nd a b)
+108 504 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F2(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568
(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F
-3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2
-F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 451.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15
-F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626
-(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626
-(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 463.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37
-E F0(and)2.5 E F1(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E
+3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2
+F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 516 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F
+F2(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625
+(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625
+(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 528 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E
+F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E
(g/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master)-.37 E(.tar)-1.11 E(.gz)-1.11 E F0
-(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 480 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411
-(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
--.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41
-(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 492 R .894 -.15(ve a \214)
--.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595
-(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F
-(be mailed to)108 504 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
--.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 520.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
-108 537.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 549.6
-Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 561.6
-Q 2.5(Ad)108 573.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
-E 2.5(As)108 585.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 602.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 544.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41
+(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
+-.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F
+.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 556.8 R .895 -.15
+(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F
+.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F
+(be mailed to)108 568.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
+(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
+-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 585.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
+108 602.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 614.4
+Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 626.4
+Q 2.5(Ad)108 638.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
+E 2.5(As)108 650.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
+G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 667.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-619.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
-E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.)
-.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 636 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 648 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
-(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869
-(There are some subtle dif)108 664.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F3
+684 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E
+F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.).25
+E F3 -.11(BU)72 700.8 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 712.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868
+(There are some subtle dif)108 729.6 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F2
(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F
-F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 676.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
-(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 693.6 Q(Shell b)108 710.4 Q
-(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
-1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 727.2 R(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2022 March 11)144.29 E(86)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E(86)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 87 87
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .39
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 84 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
-(mand in the sequence.)108 96 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pla\
-ce the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25
-F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 108 Q(Array v)108 124.8
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(POSIX)108 84 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
+(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 100.8 Q(Shell b)108 117.6 Q
+(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
+1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
+re not handled gracefully when)108 134.4 R .389
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 146.4 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
+108 158.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
+ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
+(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 170.4 Q(Array v)108 187.2
Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 141.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E
-(87)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(There may be only one acti)108 204 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 May 2)150.675 E
+(87)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
