From: Automatic Updater
- In this document, Section 1 introduces
- the basic DNS and BIND concepts. Section 2
+ In this document, Chapter 1 introduces
+ the basic DNS and BIND concepts. Chapter 2
describes resource requirements for running BIND in various
- environments. Information in Section 3 is
+ environments. Information in Chapter 3 is
task-oriented in its presentation and is
organized functionally, to aid in the process of installing the
BIND 9 software. The task-oriented
section is followed by
- Section 4, which contains more advanced
+ Chapter 4, which contains more advanced
concepts that the system administrator may need for implementing
- certain options. Section 5
+ certain options. Chapter 5
describes the BIND 9 lightweight
- resolver. The contents of Section 6 are
+ resolver. The contents of Chapter 6 are
organized as in a reference manual to aid in the ongoing
- maintenance of the software. Section 7 addresses
+ maintenance of the software. Chapter 7 addresses
security considerations, and
- Section 8 contains troubleshooting help. The
+ Chapter 8 contains troubleshooting help. The
main body of the document is followed by several
appendices which contain useful reference
information, such as a bibliography and
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html
index 53d5cb33fb8..9964823153f 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
- In this section we provide some suggested configurations along
+ In this chapter we provide some suggested configurations along
with guidelines for their use. We suggest reasonable values for
certain option settings.
dig [@server] domain [query-type] [query-class] [+query-option] [-dig-option] [%comment]
- The usual simple use of dig will take the form + The usual simple use of dig will take the form
dig @server domain query-type query-class
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ zone "eng.example.com" {
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
the master files of the updated zones.
- If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
- This allows an external process to determine when named
+ If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
+ This allows an external process to determine when named
had completed stopping.
halt [-p]-p is specified named's process id is returned.
+ This allows an external process to determine when named
had completed halting.
tracerecursing- Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing + Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing on.
validation
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ zone "eng.example.com" {
with
named. Its syntax is
identical to the
- key statement in named.conf.
+ key statement in named.conf.
The keyword key is
followed by a key name, which must be a valid
domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical;
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ controls {
Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific
actions, as described in the following table. These signals can
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html
index c3096f89379..123098e1ecc 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
@@ -49,29 +49,29 @@
Dynamic Update
- The journal file
Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)
-Split DNS
-- Example split DNS setup
+Split DNS
+- Example split DNS setup
TSIG
-- Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts
-- Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines
-- Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence
-- Instructing the Server to Use the Key
-- TSIG Key Based Access Control
-- Errors
+- Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts
+- Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines
+- Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence
+- Instructing the Server to Use the Key
+- TSIG Key Based Access Control
+- Errors
-TKEY
-SIG(0)
+TKEY
+SIG(0)
DNSSEC
-- Generating Keys
-- Signing the Zone
-- Configuring Servers
+- Generating Keys
+- Signing the Zone
+- Configuring Servers
-IPv6 Support in BIND 9
+IPv6 Support in BIND 9
-- Address Lookups Using AAAA Records
-- Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format
+- Address Lookups Using AAAA Records
+- Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format
@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@
Note
- As a slave zone can also be a master to other slaves, named,
+ As a slave zone can also be a master to other slaves, named,
by default, sends NOTIFY messages for every zone
it loads. Specifying notify master-only; will
- cause named to only send NOTIFY for master
+ cause named to only send NOTIFY for master
zones that it loads.
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
Setting up different views, or visibility, of the DNS space to
internal and external resolvers is usually referred to as a
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
Let's say a company named Example, Inc.
(example.com)
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ nameserver 172.16.72.4
A shared secret is generated to be shared between host1 and host2.
An arbitrary key name is chosen: "host1-host2.". The key name must
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ nameserver 172.16.72.4
The following command will generate a 128-bit (16 byte) HMAC-MD5
key as described above. Longer keys are better, but shorter keys
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ nameserver 172.16.72.4
The shared secret is simply a random sequence of bits, encoded
in base-64. Most ASCII strings are valid base-64 strings (assuming
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ nameserver 172.16.72.4
This is beyond the scope of DNS. A secure transport mechanism
should be used. This could be secure FTP, ssh, telephone, etc.
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ nameserver 172.16.72.4
Imagine host1 and host 2
are
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ key host1-host2. {
};
- The algorithm, hmac-md5, is the only one supported by BIND.
+ The algorithm, hmac-md5, is the only one supported by BIND.
The secret is the one generated above. Since this is a secret, it
is recommended that either named.conf be non-world
readable, or the key directive be added to a non-world readable
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ key host1-host2. {
Since keys are shared between two hosts only, the server must
be told when keys are to be used. The following is added to the named.conf file
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ server 10.1.2.3 {
BIND allows IP addresses and ranges
to be specified in ACL
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ server 10.1.2.3 {
be denoted key host1-host2.
- An example of an allow-update directive would be:
+ An example of an allow-update directive would be:
allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
The processing of TSIG signed messages can result in
several errors. If a signed message is sent to a non-TSIG aware
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
TKEY
is a mechanism for automatically generating a shared secret
between two hosts. There are several "modes" of
@@ -693,10 +693,10 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
BIND 9 partially supports DNSSEC SIG(0)
- transaction signatures as specified in RFC 2535 and RFC2931.
+ transaction signatures as specified in RFC 2535 and RFC 2931.
SIG(0)
uses public/private keys to authenticate messages. Access control
is performed in the same manner as TSIG keys; privileges can be
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
The dnssec-keygen program is used to
generate keys.
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
The dnssec-signzone program is used
to sign a zone.
@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
To enable named to respond appropriately
to DNS requests from DNSSEC aware clients,
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
more public keys for the root. This allows answers from
outside the organization to be validated. It will also
have several keys for parts of the namespace the organization
- controls. These are here to ensure that named is immune
+ controls. These are here to ensure that named is immune
to compromises in the DNSSEC components of the security
of parent zones.
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ options {
BIND 9 fully supports all currently
defined forms of IPv6
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ options {
The IPv6 AAAA record is a parallel to the IPv4 A record,
and, unlike the deprecated A6 record, specifies the entire
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ host 3600 IN AAAA 2001:db8::1
When looking up an address in nibble format, the address
components are simply reversed, just as in IPv4, and
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html
index 6ec2198e58f..addc97ac643 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@
Table of Contents
Traditionally applications have been linked with a stub resolver
library that sends recursive DNS queries to a local caching name
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html
index 7c2ddf13e5d..10b7fd55580 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
@@ -48,38 +48,38 @@
Configuration File Elements
- Address Match Lists
-- Comment Syntax
+- Comment Syntax
Configuration File Grammar
-- acl Statement Grammar
+- acl Statement Grammar
- acl Statement Definition and
Usage
-- controls Statement Grammar
+- controls Statement Grammar
- controls Statement Definition and
Usage
-- include Statement Grammar
-- include Statement Definition and
+
- include Statement Grammar
+- include Statement Definition and
Usage
-- key Statement Grammar
-- key Statement Definition and Usage
-- logging Statement Grammar
-- logging Statement Definition and
+
- key Statement Grammar
+- key Statement Definition and Usage
+- logging Statement Grammar
+- logging Statement Definition and
Usage
-- lwres Statement Grammar
-- lwres Statement Definition and Usage
-- masters Statement Grammar
-- masters Statement Definition and
+
- lwres Statement Grammar
+- lwres Statement Definition and Usage
+- masters Statement Grammar
+- masters Statement Definition and
Usage
-- options Statement Grammar
+- options Statement Grammar
- options Statement Definition and
Usage
-- statistics-channels Statement Grammar
-- statistics-channels Statement Definition and
- Usage
- server Statement Grammar
- server Statement Definition and
Usage
+- statistics-channels Statement Grammar
+- statistics-channels Statement Definition and
+ Usage
- trusted-keys Statement Grammar
- trusted-keys Statement Definition
and Usage
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@
- Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them
- Discussion of MX Records
- Setting TTLs
-- Inverse Mapping in IPv4
-- Other Zone File Directives
-- BIND Master File Extension: the $GENERATE Directive
+- Inverse Mapping in IPv4
+- Other Zone File Directives
+- BIND Master File Extension: the $GENERATE Directive
- Additional File Formats
BIND9 Statistics
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@
Address Match Lists
address_match_list = address_match_list_element ;
[ address_match_list_element; ... ]
address_match_list_element = [ ! ] (ip_address [/length] |
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@
Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
control for various server operations. They are also used in
@@ -512,8 +512,8 @@
The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
- used for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a
- sortlist, and whether the element was negated.
+ used for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a
+ sortlist, and whether the element was negated.
When used as an access control list, a non-negated match
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
allow-update,
allow-update-forwarding, and
blackhole all use address match
- lists. Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the
+ lists. Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the
server to refuse queries on any of the machine's
addresses which do not match the list.
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
The BIND 9 comment syntax allows for
comments to appear
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
/* This is a BIND comment as in C */
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
a BIND configuration file.
@@ -610,8 +610,6 @@
slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
-
-
For example:
@@ -629,8 +627,6 @@
with the character # (number sign)
and continue to the end of the
physical line, as in C++ comments.
-
-
For example:
@@ -764,23 +760,23 @@
- statistics-channels
+ server
- declares communication channels to get access to
- named statistics.
+ sets certain configuration options on
+ a per-server basis.
- server
+ statistics-channels
- sets certain configuration options on
- a per-server basis.
+ declares communication channels to get access to
+ named statistics.
@@ -824,7 +820,7 @@
acl acl-name {
address_match_list
};
@@ -906,7 +902,7 @@
controls {
[ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow { address_match_list }
keys { key_list }; ]
@@ -1028,12 +1024,12 @@
include filename;
The include statement inserts the
@@ -1048,7 +1044,7 @@
key key_id {
algorithm string;
secret string;
@@ -1057,7 +1053,7 @@
The key statement defines a shared
secret key for use with TSIG (see the section called “TSIG”)
@@ -1104,7 +1100,7 @@
logging {
[ channel channel_name {
( file path_name
@@ -1128,7 +1124,7 @@
The logging statement configures a
@@ -1162,7 +1158,7 @@
All log output goes to one or more channels;
you can make as many of them as you want.
@@ -1324,7 +1320,7 @@ notrace
. All debugging messages in the server have a debug
the date and time will be logged. print-time may
be specified for a syslog channel,
but is usually
- pointless since syslog also prints
+ pointless since syslog also logs
the date and
time. If print-category is
requested, then the
@@ -1558,7 +1554,7 @@ category notify { null; };
- Messages that named was unable to determine the + Messages that named was unable to determine the class of or for which there was no matching view. A one line summary is also logged to the client category. This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by @@ -1713,7 +1709,7 @@ category notify { null; }; number of false-positive reports.
- Note: eventually named will have to stop + Note: eventually named will have to stop treating such timeouts as due to RFC 1034 non compliance and start treating it as plain packet loss. Falsely classifying packet @@ -1728,7 +1724,7 @@ category notify { null; };
The query-errors category is specifically intended for debugging purposes: To identify @@ -1948,7 +1944,7 @@ category notify { null; };
This is the grammar of the lwres
statement in the named.conf file:
@@ -1963,7 +1959,7 @@ category notify { null; };
The lwres statement configures the name @@ -2014,14 +2010,14 @@ category notify { null; };
mastersname[portip_port] { (masters_list|ip_addr[portip_port] [keykey] ) ; [...] };
masters lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by @@ -2030,7 +2026,7 @@ category notify { null; };
This is the grammar of the options
statement in the named.conf file:
@@ -2267,7 +2263,7 @@ category notify { null; };
client requests a TKEY exchange,
it may or may not specify the desired name for the
key. If present, the name of the shared key will
- will be client specified part +
+ be client specified part +
tkey-domain. Otherwise, the
name of the shared key will be random hex
digits + tkey-domain.
@@ -2310,7 +2306,7 @@ category notify { null; };
The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID
in. If not specified, the default is
/var/run/named/named.pid.
- The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to
+ The PID file is used by programs that want to send signals to
the running
name server. Specifying pid-file none disables the
use of a PID file — no file will be written and any
@@ -2405,7 +2401,7 @@ options {
top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain
specified by the
deepest dnssec-lookaside, and
- the normal dnssec validation
+ the normal DNSSEC validation
has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to
the key
name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can
@@ -2418,10 +2414,10 @@ options {
Specify hierarchies which must be or may not be secure (signed and
validated).
- If yes, then named will only accept
+ If yes, then named will only accept
answers if they
are secure.
- If no, then normal dnssec validation
+ If no, then normal DNSSEC validation
applies
allowing for insecure answers to be accepted.
The specified domain must be under a trusted-key or
@@ -3013,21 +3009,21 @@ options {
This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone
and the
- addresses refer to different machines. If yes, named will
+ addresses refer to different machines. If yes, named will
not log
- when the serial number on the master is less than what named
+ when the serial number on the master is less than what named
currently
has. The default is no.
- Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to yes,
- named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
+ Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to yes,
+ named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC.
The default is yes.
- Enable DNSSEC validation in named.
+ Enable DNSSEC validation in named.
Note dnssec-enable also needs to be
set to yes to be effective.
The default is yes.
@@ -3036,11 +3032,11 @@ options {
Accept expired signatures when verifying DNSSEC signatures.
The default is no.
- Setting this option to "yes" leaves named vulnerable to replay attacks.
+ Setting this option to "yes" leaves named vulnerable to replay attacks.
- Specify whether query logging should be started when named + Specify whether query logging should be started when named starts. If querylog is not specified, then the query logging @@ -3155,7 +3151,7 @@ options {
The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external @@ -3199,7 +3195,7 @@ options {
Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work around @@ -3396,11 +3392,11 @@ options {
The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries
from may be specified using the listen-on option. listen-on takes
- an optional port, and an address_match_list.
+ an optional port and an address_match_list.
The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address
match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.
If no listen-on-v6 option is specified, the server will not listen on any IPv6 address - unless -6 is specified when named is + unless -6 is specified when named is invoked. If -6 is specified then - named will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default. + named will listen on port 53 on all IPv6 interfaces by default.
use-v4-udp-ports, avoid-v4-udp-ports, @@ -3885,7 +3886,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
The server's usage of many system resources can be limited. Scaled values are allowed when specifying resource limits. For @@ -3999,7 +4000,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
The number of file descriptors reserved for TCP, stdio,
etc. This needs to be big enough to cover the number of
- interfaces named listens on, tcp-clients as well as
+ interfaces named listens on, tcp-clients as well as
to provide room for outgoing TCP queries and incoming zone
transfers. The default is 512.
The minimum value is 128 and the
@@ -4047,7 +4048,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
@@ -4487,22 +4488,23 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
- Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes. Valid - values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range - will be silently adjusted). The default value is - 4096. The usual reason for setting edns-udp-size to - a non-default value is to get UDP answers to pass - through broken firewalls that block fragmented - packets and/or block UDP packets that are greater - than 512 bytes. + Sets the advertised EDNS UDP buffer size in bytes + to control the size of packets received. + Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range + will be silently adjusted). The default value + is 4096. The usual reason for setting + edns-udp-size to a non-default + value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken + firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or + block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes.
- Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size named will + Sets the maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send in bytes. Valid values are 512 to 4096 (values outside this range will be silently adjusted). The default value is 4096. The usual reason for setting - max-udp-size to a non-default value is to get UDP + max-udp-size to a non-default value is to get UDP answers to pass through broken firewalls that block fragmented packets and/or block UDP packets that are greater than 512 bytes. @@ -4542,14 +4544,14 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; }; initial value (minimum) and maximum number of recursive simultaneous clients for any given query (<qname,qtype,qclass>) that the server will accept - before dropping additional clients. named will attempt to + before dropping additional clients. named will attempt to self tune this value and changes will be logged. The default values are 10 and 100.
This value should reflect how many queries come in for a given name in the time it takes to resolve that name. - If the number of queries exceed this value, named will + If the number of queries exceed this value, named will assume that it is dealing with a non-responsive zone and will drop additional queries. If it gets a response after dropping queries, it will raise the estimate. The @@ -4630,7 +4632,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; }; identify which of a group of anycast servers is actually answering your queries. Specifying server-id none; disables processing of the queries. - Specifying server-id hostname; will cause named to + Specifying server-id hostname; will cause named to use the hostname as found by the gethostname() function. The default server-id is none.
- Named will attempt to determine if a built in zone already exists + Named will attempt to determine if a built-in zone already exists or is active (covered by a forward-only forwarding declaration) and will not create a empty zone in that case.
@@ -4699,7 +4701,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };statistics-channels {
- [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] [allow { address_match_list } ]; ]
- [ inet ...; ]
-};
-
-- The statistics-channels statement - declares communication channels to be used by system - administrators to get access to statistics information of - the name server. -
-- This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple - communication protocols in the future, but currently only - HTTP access is supported. - It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2; - the statistics-channels statement is - still accepted even if it is built without the library, - but any HTTP access will fail with an error. -
-
- An inet control channel is a TCP socket
- listening at the specified ip_port on the
- specified ip_addr, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
- address. An ip_addr of * (asterisk) is
- interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
- accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
- To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
- use an ip_addr of ::.
-
- If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
- The asterisk "*" cannot be used for
- ip_port.
-
- The attempt of opening a statistics channel is - restricted by the optional allow clause. - Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the - address_match_list. - If no allow clause is present, - named accepts connection - attempts from any address; since the statistics may - contain sensitive internal information, it is highly - recommended to restrict the source of connection requests - appropriately. -
-- If no statistics-channels statement is present, - named will not open any communication channels. -
-serverip_addr[/prefixlen]{ [ bogusyes_or_no; ] @@ -4984,7 +4926,7 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };The edns-udp-size option sets the EDNS UDP size - that is advertised by named when querying the remote server. + that is advertised by named when querying the remote server. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you wish to advertises a different value to this server than the value you @@ -4993,11 +4935,11 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
The max-udp-size option sets the - maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send. Valid + maximum EDNS UDP message size named will send. Valid values are 512 to 4096 bytes (values outside this range will be silently adjusted). This option is useful when you know that there is a firewall that is blocking large - replies from named. + replies from named.
The server supports two zone transfer methods. The first, one-answer, @@ -5075,6 +5017,66 @@ avoid-v6-udp-ports { 40000; range 50000 60000; };
statistics-channels {
+ [ inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] [allow { address_match_list } ]; ]
+ [ inet ...; ]
+};
+
++ The statistics-channels statement + declares communication channels to be used by system + administrators to get access to statistics information of + the name server. +
++ This statement intends to be flexible to support multiple + communication protocols in the future, but currently only + HTTP access is supported. + It requires that BIND 9 be compiled with libxml2; + the statistics-channels statement is + still accepted even if it is built without the library, + but any HTTP access will fail with an error. +
+
+ An inet control channel is a TCP socket
+ listening at the specified ip_port on the
+ specified ip_addr, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
+ address. An ip_addr of * (asterisk) is
+ interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard address; connections will be
+ accepted on any of the system's IPv4 addresses.
+ To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
+ use an ip_addr of ::.
+
+ If no port is specified, port 80 is used for HTTP channels.
+ The asterisk "*" cannot be used for
+ ip_port.
+
+ The attempt of opening a statistics channel is + restricted by the optional allow clause. + Connections to the statistics channel are permitted based on the + address_match_list. + If no allow clause is present, + named accepts connection + attempts from any address; since the statistics may + contain sensitive internal information, it is highly + recommended to restrict the source of connection requests + appropriately. +
++ If no statistics-channels statement is present, + named will not open any communication channels. +
+trusted-keys {stringnumbernumbernumberstring; @@ -5462,7 +5464,7 @@ zonezone_name[ex/example.com whereex/is just the first two letters of the zone name. (Most operating systems - behave very slowly if you put 100 000 files into + behave very slowly if you put 100000 files into a single directory.)
zone_name [
RRs are represented in binary form in the packets of the DNS
protocol, and are usually represented in highly encoded form
@@ -7192,8 +7194,6 @@ zone
For example:
Reverse name resolution (that is, translation from IP address
to name) is achieved by means of the in-addr.arpa domain
@@ -7477,7 +7477,7 @@ zone
The Master File Format was initially defined in RFC 1035 and
has subsequently been extended. While the Master File Format
@@ -7492,7 +7492,7 @@ zone
Syntax: $ORIGIN
Syntax: $INCLUDE
Syntax: $TTL
Syntax: $GENERATE
Specifies the time-to-live of the generated records. If
not specified this will be inherited using the
- normal ttl inheritance rules.
+ normal TTL inheritance rules.
class
and ttl can be
@@ -7966,7 +7966,7 @@ $GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0
Socket I/O statistics counters are defined per socket
types, which are
@@ -9208,7 +9208,7 @@ $GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0
Most statistics counters that were available
in BIND 8 are also supported in
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html
index 029bd8b96b8..80ba6e3c546 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
Table of Contents
- Access Control Lists (ACLs), are address match lists that
+ Access Control Lists (ACLs) are address match lists that
you can set up and nickname for future use in allow-notify,
allow-query, allow-query-on,
allow-recursion, allow-recursion-on,
@@ -119,14 +119,16 @@ zone "example.com" {
- On UNIX servers, it is possible to run BIND in a chrooted environment
- (using the chroot() function) by specifying the "
Another useful feature in the UNIX version of BIND is the
@@ -139,11 +141,11 @@ zone "example.com" {
user 202:
-
In order for a chroot environment
to
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html
index ac13cae8003..65ca623f8a4 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
Table of Contents
The best solution to solving installation and
configuration issues is to take preventative measures by setting
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
Zone serial numbers are just numbers — they aren't
date related. A lot of people set them to a number that
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
The Internet Systems Consortium
(ISC) offers a wide range
diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html
index be869542a59..3664b99fc34 100644
--- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html
+++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
Table of Contents
- BIND version 4 is officially deprecated and BIND version
- 8 development is considered maintenance-only in favor
- of BIND version 9. No additional development is done
- on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8 other than for
- security-related patches.
+ BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
+ No additional development is done
+ on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
BIND development work is made
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@
[RFC974] Mail Routing and the Domain System. January 1986. [RFC974] Mail Routing and the Domain System. January 1986. [RFC1995] Incremental Zone Transfer in DNS. August 1996. [RFC1995] Incremental Zone Transfer in DNS. August 1996. [RFC1996] A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes. August 1996. [RFC1996] A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes. August 1996. [RFC2136] Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System. April 1997. [RFC2136] Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System. April 1997. [RFC2671] Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0). August 1997. [RFC2671] Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0). August 1997. [RFC2672] Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection. August 1999. [RFC2672] Non-Terminal DNS Name Redirection. August 1999. [RFC2845] Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG). May 2000. [RFC2845] Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG). May 2000. [RFC2930] Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR). September 2000. [RFC2930] Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR). September 2000. [RFC2931] DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s). September 2000. [RFC2931] DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (SIG(0)s). September 2000. [RFC3007] Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update. November 2000. [RFC3007] Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update. November 2000. [RFC3645] Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
+ [RFC3645] Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret
Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
(GSS-TSIG). October 2003. [RFC3225] Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC. December 2001. [RFC3225] Indicating Resolver Support of DNSSEC. December 2001. [RFC3833] Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS). August 2004. [RFC3833] Threat Analysis of the Domain Name System (DNS). August 2004. [RFC4033] DNS Security Introduction and Requirements. March 2005. [RFC4033] DNS Security Introduction and Requirements. March 2005. [RFC4034] Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions. March 2005. [RFC4034] Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions. March 2005. [RFC4035] Protocol Modifications for the DNS
+ [RFC4035] Protocol Modifications for the DNS
Security Extensions. March 2005. [RFC1535] A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
+ [RFC1535] A Security Problem and Proposed Correction With Widely
Deployed DNS Software.. October 1993. [RFC1536] Common DNS Implementation
+ [RFC1536] Common DNS Implementation
Errors and Suggested Fixes. October 1993. [RFC4074] Common Misbehaviour Against DNS
+ [RFC4074] Common Misbehaviour Against DNS
Queries for IPv6 Addresses. May 2005. [RFC1706] DNS NSAP Resource Records. October 1994. [RFC1706] DNS NSAP Resource Records. October 1994. [RFC2168] Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
+ [RFC2168] Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using
the Domain Name System. June 1997. [RFC1876] A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
+ [RFC1876] A Means for Expressing Location Information in the
Domain
Name System. January 1996. [RFC2052] A DNS RR for Specifying the
+ [RFC2052] A DNS RR for Specifying the
Location of
Services.. October 1996. [RFC2163] Using the Internet DNS to
+ [RFC2163] Using the Internet DNS to
Distribute MIXER
Conformant Global Address Mapping. January 1998. [RFC2230] Key Exchange Delegation Record for the DNS. October 1997. [RFC2230] Key Exchange Delegation Record for the DNS. October 1997. [RFC2536] DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2536] DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2537] RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2537] RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2538] Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2538] Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2539] Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2539] Storage of Diffie-Hellman Keys in the Domain Name System (DNS). March 1999. [RFC2540] Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information. March 1999. [RFC2540] Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information. March 1999. [RFC2782] A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV). February 2000. [RFC2782] A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV). February 2000. [RFC2915] The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record. September 2000. [RFC2915] The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record. September 2000. [RFC3110] RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS). May 2001. [RFC3110] RSA/SHA-1 SIGs and RSA KEYs in the Domain Name System (DNS). May 2001. [RFC3123] A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR). June 2001. [RFC3123] A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR). June 2001. [RFC1101] DNS Encoding of Network Names
+ [RFC1101] DNS Encoding of Network Names
and Other Types. April 1989. [RFC1123] Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
+ [RFC1123] Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and
Support. October 1989. [RFC1591] Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. March 1994. [RFC1591] Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. March 1994. [RFC2317] Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation. March 1998. [RFC2317] Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA Delegation. March 1998. [RFC1033] Domain administrators operations guide.. November 1987. [RFC1033] Domain administrators operations guide.. November 1987. [RFC1912] Common DNS Operational and
+ [RFC1912] Common DNS Operational and
Configuration Errors. February 1996. [RFC2825] A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
+ [RFC2825] A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names,
and the Other Internet protocols. May 2000. [RFC3490] Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA). March 2003. [RFC3490] Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA). March 2003. [RFC1464] Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
+ [RFC1464] Using the Domain Name System To Store Arbitrary String
Attributes. May 1993. [RFC1713] Tools for DNS Debugging. November 1994. [RFC1713] Tools for DNS Debugging. November 1994. [RFC2240] A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation. November 1997. [RFC2240] A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation. November 1997. [RFC2345] Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval. May 1998. [RFC2345] Domain Names and Company Name Retrieval. May 1998. [RFC2352] A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names. May 1998. [RFC2352] A Convention For Using Legal Names as Domain Names. May 1998. [RFC3071] Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains. February 2001. [RFC3071] Reflections on the DNS, RFC 1591, and Categories of Domains. February 2001. [RFC3258] Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
+ [RFC3258] Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via
Shared Unicast Addresses. April 2002. [RFC3901] DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines. September 2004. [RFC3901] DNS IPv6 Transport Operational Guidelines. September 2004. [RFC1712] DNS Encoding of Geographical
+ [RFC1712] DNS Encoding of Geographical
Location. November 1994. [RFC2065] Domain Name System Security Extensions. January 1997. [RFC2065] Domain Name System Security Extensions. January 1997. [RFC2137] Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update. April 1997. [RFC2137] Secure Domain Name System Dynamic Update. April 1997. [RFC2535] Domain Name System Security Extensions. March 1999. [RFC2535] Domain Name System Security Extensions. March 1999. [RFC3008] Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
+ [RFC3008] Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC)
Signing Authority. November 2000. [RFC3090] DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status. March 2001. [RFC3090] DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status. March 2001. [RFC3445] Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR). December 2002. [RFC3445] Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR). December 2002. [RFC3655] Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit. November 2003. [RFC3655] Redefinition of DNS Authenticated Data (AD) bit. November 2003. [RFC3658] Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR). December 2003. [RFC3658] Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Record (RR). December 2003. [RFC3755] Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS). May 2004. [RFC3755] Legacy Resolver Compatibility for Delegation Signer (DS). May 2004. [RFC3757] Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
+ [RFC3757] Domain Name System KEY (DNSKEY) Resource Record
(RR) Secure Entry Point (SEP) Flag. April 2004. [RFC3845] DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format. August 2004. [RFC3845] DNS Security (DNSSEC) NextSECure (NSEC) RDATA Format. August 2004. DNS and BIND. Copyright © 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. DNS and BIND. Copyright © 1998 Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. dig
(domain information groper) is a flexible tool
for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
The dig
provides a number of query options which affect
the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
The BIND 9 implementation of dig
supports
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
If dig has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
@@ -633,14 +633,14 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
host(1),
named(8),
dnssec-keygen(8),
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
There are probably too many query options.
dnssec-dsfromkey
outputs the Delegation Signer (DS) resource record (RR), as defined in
RFC 3658 and RFC 4509, for the given key(s).
The keyfile can be designed by the key identification
dnssec-keygen(8),
dnssec-signzone(8),
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
dnssec-keyfromlabel
gets keys with the given label from a crypto hardware and builds
key files for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
When dnssec-keyfromlabel completes
successfully,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
dnssec-keygen(8),
dnssec-signzone(8),
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
dnssec-keygen
generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
and RFC 4034. It can also generate keys for use with
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain
dnssec-signzone(8),
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
RFC 2539,
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
dnssec-signzone
signs a zone. It generates
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
The following command signs the host
is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
If host has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
@@ -216,12 +216,12 @@
dig(1),
named(8).
named-checkconf
checks the syntax, but not the semantics, of a named
configuration file.
named-checkconf
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
named-checkzone
checks the syntax and integrity of a zone file. It performs the
same checks as named does when loading a
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
named-checkzone
returns an exit status of 1 if
errors were detected and 0 otherwise.
named
is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; rndc should be used
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
The named configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
nsupdate
is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136
to a name server.
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
diff --git a/doc/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html b/doc/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html
index aa41c674441..4839e89fc63 100644
--- a/doc/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html
+++ b/doc/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
-
+
rndc-confgen
generates configuration files
for rndc. It can be used as a
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and
to recognize the key specified in the zone_name [
-
@@ -7416,7 +7416,7 @@ zone
zone_name [
zone_name [
zone_name [
domain-name
@@ -7520,7 +7520,7 @@ WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
filename
@@ -7556,7 +7556,7 @@ WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
default-ttl
@@ -7575,7 +7575,7 @@ WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. CNAME MAIN-SERVER.EXAMPLE.COM.
range
@@ -7679,7 +7679,7 @@ $GENERATE 1-127 $ CNAME $.0
-t"
- option. This can help improve system security by placing BIND in
- a "sandbox", which will limit the damage done if a server is
- compromised.
+ On UNIX servers, it is possible to run BIND
+ in a chrooted environment (using
+ the chroot() function) by specifying
+ the "-t" option for named.
+ This can help improve system security by placing
+ BIND in a "sandbox", which will limit
+ the damage done if a server is compromised.
/usr/local/bin/named -u 202 -t /var/named
+ /usr/local/sbin/named -u 202 -t /var/named
A Brief History of the DNS and BIND
@@ -148,11 +148,9 @@
BIND architecture.
Standards
Proposed Standards
DNS Security Proposed Standards
Other Important RFCs About DNS
Implementation
Resource Record Types
DNS and the Internet
DNS Operations
Internationalized Domain Names
Obsolete and Unimplemented Experimental RFC
-
-
dig [global-queryopt...] [query...]DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
+OPTIONS
-b option sets the source IP address of the query
to address. This must be a valid
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
QUERY OPTIONS
+QUERY OPTIONS
MULTIPLE QUERIES
+MULTIPLE QUERIES
IDN SUPPORT
+IDN SUPPORT
SEE ALSO
+SEE ALSO
BUGS
+BUGS
dnssec-dsfromkey {-s} [-v ] [level-1] [-2] [-a ] [alg-c ] [class-d ] {dnsname}dirDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
FILES
+FILES
Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii or the full file name
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@
SEE ALSO
+SEE ALSO
dnssec-keyfromlabel {-a algorithm} {-l label} [-c ] [class-f ] [flag-k] [-n ] [nametype-p ] [protocol-t ] [type-v ] {name}levelDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
GENERATED KEY FILES
+GENERATED KEY FILES
SEE ALSO
+SEE ALSO
dnssec-keygen {-a algorithm} {-b keysize} {-n nametype} [-c ] [class-e] [-f ] [flag-g ] [generator-h] [-k] [-p ] [protocol-r ] [randomdev-s ] [strength-t ] [type-v ] {name}levelDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
+EXAMPLE
example.com, the following command would be
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
SEE ALSO
+SEE ALSO
dnssec-signzone [-a] [-c ] [class-d ] [directory-e ] [end-time-f ] [output-file-g] [-h] [-k ] [key-l ] [domain-i ] [interval-I ] [input-format-j ] [jitter-N ] [soa-serial-format-o ] [origin-O ] [output-format-p] [-r ] [randomdev-s ] [start-time-t] [-v ] [level-z] [-3 ] [salt-H ] [iterations-A] {zonefile} [key...]DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
+EXAMPLE
example.com
zone with the DSA key generated by dnssec-keygen
@@ -305,14 +305,14 @@ db.example.com.signed
%
host [-aCdlnrsTwv] [-c ] [class-N ] [ndots-R ] [number-t ] [type-W ] [wait-m ] [flag-4] [-6] {name} [server]DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
IDN SUPPORT
+IDN SUPPORT
SEE ALSO
+SEE ALSO
named-checkconf [-h] [-v] [-j] [-t ] {filename} [directory-z]DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
RETURN VALUES
+RETURN VALUES
named-compilezone [-d] [-j] [-q] [-v] [-c ] [class-C ] [mode-f ] [format-F ] [format-i ] [mode-k ] [mode-m ] [mode-n ] [mode-o ] [filename-s ] [style-t ] [directory-w ] [directory-D] [-W ] {zonename} {filename}modeDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
RETURN VALUES
+RETURN VALUES
named [-4] [-6] [-c ] [config-file-d ] [debug-level-f] [-g] [-m ] [flag-n ] [#cpus-p ] [port-s] [-S ] [#max-socks-t ] [directory-u ] [user-v] [-V] [-x ]cache-fileDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
SIGNALS
+SIGNALS
CONFIGURATION
+CONFIGURATION
nsupdate [-d] [-D] [[-g] | [-o] | [-y ] | [[hmac:]keyname:secret-k ]] [keyfile-t ] [timeout-u ] [udptimeout-r ] [udpretries-R ] [randomdev-v] [filename]DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
BUGS
+BUGS
rndc-confgen [-a] [-b ] [keysize-c ] [keyfile-h] [-k ] [keyname-p ] [port-r ] [randomfile-s ] [address-t ] [chrootdir-u ]userDESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
rndc.conf DESCRIPTION
+DESCRIPTION
rndc.conf is the configuration file
for rndc, the BIND 9 name server control
utility. This file has a similar structure and syntax to
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION
+NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION
rndc.conf
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
rndc [-b ] [source-address-c ] [config-file-k ] [key-file-s ] [server-p ] [port-V] [-y ] {command}key_id