Add type annotations to `postgresql.array`

Add type annotations to `postgresql.array`

Improved static typing for `postgresql.array()` by making the type parameter (the type of array's elements) inferred from the `clauses` and `type_` arguments while also ensuring they are consistent.

Also completed type annotations of `postgresql.ARRAY` following commit 0bf7e02afbec557eb3a5607db407f27deb7aac77 and added type annotations for functions `postgresql.Any()` and `postgresql.All()`.

Finally, fixed shadowing `typing.Any` by the `Any()` function through aliasing as `typing_Any`.

Related to #6810

Closes: #12384
Pull-request: https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/pull/12384
Pull-request-sha: 78eea29f1de850afda036502974521969629de7e

Change-Id: I5d35d15ec8ba4d58eeb9bf00abb710e2e585731f