Installation Instructions
*************************
- Copyright © 1994–1996, 1999–2002, 2004–2017, 2020–2023 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
-
- Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
-are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
-notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
-without warranty of any kind.
-
Basic Installation
==================
- Briefly, the shell command ‘./configure && make && make install’
-should configure, build, and install this package. The following
-more-detailed instructions are generic; see the ‘README’ file for
-instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this
-‘INSTALL’ file but do not implement all of the features documented
-below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
-necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
-in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
+ The following shell commands:
+
+ test -f configure || ./bootstrap
+ ./configure
+ make
+ make install
+
+should configure, build, and install this package. The ‘./bootstrap’
+line is intended for developers; you can omit it when building from a
+distribution tarball.
+
+ The following more-detailed instructions are generic; see the
+‘README’ file for instructions specific to this package. Some packages
+provide this ‘INSTALL’ file but do not implement all of the features
+documented below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is
+not necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be
+found in the GNU Coding Standards.
+
+ If the ‘bootstrap’ shell script exists, it attempts to build the
+‘configure’ shell script and related files, perhaps by downloading other
+software components from the network, and by using developer tools that
+are less commonly installed. Because the output of ‘bootstrap’ is
+system-independent, it is normally run by a package developer so that
+its output can be put into the distribution tarball and ordinary
+builders and users need not run ‘bootstrap’. Some packages have
+commands like ‘./autopull.sh’ and ‘./autogen.sh’ that you can run
+instead of ‘./bootstrap’, for more fine-grained control over
+bootstrapping.
The ‘configure’ shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
It may also create one or more ‘.h’ files containing system-dependent
definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script ‘config.status’ that
you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a
-file ‘config.log’ containing compiler output (useful mainly for
-debugging ‘configure’).
+file ‘config.log’ containing output useful for debugging ‘configure’.
It can also use an optional file (typically called ‘config.cache’ and
enabled with ‘--cache-file=config.cache’ or simply ‘-C’) that saves the
some point ‘config.cache’ contains results you don’t want to keep, you
may remove or edit it.
- The file ‘configure.ac’ (or ‘configure.in’) is used to create
-‘configure’ by a program called ‘autoconf’. You need ‘configure.ac’ if
-you want to change it or regenerate ‘configure’ using a newer version of
-‘autoconf’.
+ The ‘autoconf’ program generates ‘configure’ from the file
+‘configure.ac’. Normally you should edit ‘configure.ac’ instead of
+editing ‘configure’ directly.
The simplest way to compile this package is:
- 1. ‘cd’ to the directory containing the package’s source code and type
- ‘./configure’ to configure the package for your system.
+ 1. ‘cd’ to the directory containing the package’s source code.
- Running ‘configure’ might take a while. While running, it prints
- some messages telling which features it is checking for.
+ 2. If this is a developer checkout and file ‘configure’ does not yet
+ exist, type ‘./bootstrap’ to create it. You may need special
+ developer tools and network access to bootstrap.
- 2. Type ‘make’ to compile the package.
+ 3. Type ‘./configure’ to configure the package for your system. This
+ might take a while. While running, ‘configure’ prints messages
+ telling which features it is checking for.
- 3. Optionally, type ‘make check’ to run any self-tests that come with
+ 4. Type ‘make’ to compile the package.
+
+ 5. Optionally, type ‘make check’ to run any self-tests that come with
the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
- 4. Type ‘make install’ to install the programs and any data files and
+ 6. Type ‘make install’ to install the programs and any data files and
documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
user, and only the ‘make install’ phase executed with root
privileges.
- 5. Optionally, type ‘make installcheck’ to repeat any self-tests, but
+ 7. Optionally, type ‘make installcheck’ to repeat any self-tests, but
this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
This target does not install anything. Running this target as a
regular user, particularly if the prior ‘make install’ required
root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
correctly.
- 6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
+ 8. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
source code directory by typing ‘make clean’. To also remove the
files that ‘configure’ created (so you can compile the package for
a different kind of computer), type ‘make distclean’. There is
also a ‘make maintainer-clean’ target, but that is intended mainly
- for the package’s developers. If you use it, you may have to get
- all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
- with the distribution.
-
- 7. Often, you can also type ‘make uninstall’ to remove the installed
- files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that
- uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
- GNU Coding Standards.
+ for the package’s developers. If you use it, you may have to
+ bootstrap again.
- 8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide ‘make
- distcheck’, which can by used by developers to test that all other
- targets like ‘make install’ and ‘make uninstall’ work correctly.
- This target is generally not run by end users.
+ 9. If the package follows the GNU Coding Standards, you can type ‘make
+ uninstall’ to remove the installed files.
Compilers and Options
=====================
by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here is
an example:
- ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix
+ ./configure CC=gcc CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix
- *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.
+ See *note Defining Variables:: for more details.
Compiling For Multiple Architectures
====================================
You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
-same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
-own directory. To do this, you can use GNU ‘make’. ‘cd’ to the
-directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
-the ‘configure’ script. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source
+same time, by placing the object files for each system in their own
+directory. To do this, you can use GNU ‘make’. ‘cd’ to the directory
+where you want the object files and executables to go and run the
+‘configure’ script. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source
code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in ‘..’. This is known
as a “VPATH” build.
With a non-GNU ‘make’, it is safer to compile the package for one
-architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have
-installed the package for one architecture, use ‘make distclean’ before
-reconfiguring for another architecture.
-
- On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
-executables that work on multiple system types—known as “fat” or
-“universal” binaries—by specifying multiple ‘-arch’ options to the
-compiler but only a single ‘-arch’ option to the preprocessor. Like
-this:
-
- ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
- CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
- CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
+system at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed
+the package for one system, use ‘make distclean’ before reconfiguring
+for another system.
- This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
-may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
-using the ‘lipo’ tool if you have problems.
+ Some platforms, notably macOS, support “fat” or “universal” binaries,
+where a single binary can execute on different architectures. On these
+platforms you can configure and compile just once, with options specific
+to that platform.
Installation Names
==================
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving ‘configure’ the
option ‘--program-prefix=PREFIX’ or ‘--program-suffix=SUFFIX’.
- Some packages pay attention to ‘--enable-FEATURE’ options to
-‘configure’, where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
-They may also pay attention to ‘--with-PACKAGE’ options, where PACKAGE
-is something like ‘gnu-as’ or ‘x’ (for the X Window System). The
-‘README’ should mention any ‘--enable-’ and ‘--with-’ options that the
-package recognizes.
-
- For packages that use the X Window System, ‘configure’ can usually
-find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn’t,
-you can use the ‘configure’ options ‘--x-includes=DIR’ and
-‘--x-libraries=DIR’ to specify their locations.
+ Some packages pay attention to ‘--enable-FEATURE’ and
+‘--disable-FEATURE’ options to ‘configure’, where FEATURE indicates an
+optional part of the package. They may also pay attention to
+‘--with-PACKAGE’ and ‘--without-PACKAGE’ options, where PACKAGE is
+something like ‘gnu-ld’. ‘./configure --help’ should mention the
+‘--enable-...’ and ‘--with-...’ options that the package recognizes.
Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
execution of ‘make’ will be. For these packages, running ‘./configure
--disable-silent-rules’ sets the default to verbose, which can be
overridden with ‘make V=0’.
-Particular systems
-==================
-
- On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU CC
-is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
-order to use an ANSI C compiler:
-
- ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
-
-and if that doesn’t work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
-
- HP-UX ‘make’ updates targets which have the same timestamps as their
-prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped generated
-files such as ‘configure’ are involved. Use GNU ‘make’ instead.
-
- On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
-parse its ‘<wchar.h>’ header file. The option ‘-nodtk’ can be used as a
-workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended to
-try
-
- ./configure CC="cc"
-
-and if that doesn’t work, try
-
- ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
-
- On Solaris, don’t put ‘/usr/ucb’ early in your ‘PATH’. This
-directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
-these programs are available in ‘/usr/bin’. So, if you need ‘/usr/ucb’
-in your ‘PATH’, put it _after_ ‘/usr/bin’.
-
- On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in ‘/boot/common’,
-not ‘/usr/local’. It is recommended to use the following options:
-
- ./configure --prefix=/boot/common
-
-Specifying the System Type
-==========================
-
- There may be some features ‘configure’ cannot figure out
-automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
-will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
-_same_ architectures, ‘configure’ can figure that out, but if it prints
-a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
-‘--build=TYPE’ option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system
-type, such as ‘sun4’, or a canonical name which has the form:
-
- CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
-
-where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
-
- OS
- KERNEL-OS
-
- See the file ‘config.sub’ for the possible values of each field. If
-‘config.sub’ isn’t included in this package, then this package doesn’t
-need to know the machine type.
-
- If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should
-use the option ‘--target=TYPE’ to select the type of system they will
-produce code for.
-
- If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a
-platform different from the build platform, you should specify the
-“host” platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will
-eventually be run) with ‘--host=TYPE’.
+Specifying a System Type
+========================
+
+ By default ‘configure’ builds for the current system. To create
+binaries that can run on a different system type, specify a
+‘--host=TYPE’ option along with compiler variables that specify how to
+generate object code for TYPE. For example, to create binaries intended
+to run on a 64-bit ARM processor:
+
+ ./configure --host=aarch64-linux-gnu \
+ CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+ CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+
+If done on a machine that can execute these binaries (e.g., via
+‘qemu-aarch64’, ‘$QEMU_LD_PREFIX’, and Linux’s ‘binfmt_misc’
+capability), the build behaves like a native build. Otherwise it is a
+cross-build: ‘configure’ will make cross-compilation guesses instead of
+running test programs, and ‘make check’ will not work.
+
+ A system type can either be a short name like ‘mingw64’, or a
+canonical name like ‘x86_64-pc-linux-gnu’. Canonical names have the
+form CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM where SYSTEM is either OS or KERNEL-OS. To
+canonicalize and validate a system type, you can run the command
+‘config.sub’, which is often squirreled away in a subdirectory like
+‘build-aux’. For example:
+
+ $ build-aux/config.sub arm64-linux
+ aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+ $ build-aux/config.sub riscv-lnx
+ Invalid configuration 'riscv-lnx': OS 'lnx' not recognized
+
+You can look at the ‘config.sub’ file to see which types are recognized.
+If the file is absent, this package does not need the system type.
+
+ If ‘configure’ fails with the diagnostic “cannot guess build type”.
+‘config.sub’ did not recognize your system’s type. In this case, first
+fetch the newest versions of these files from the GNU config package
+(https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/config). If that fixes things,
+please report it to the maintainers of the package containing
+‘configure’. Otherwise, you can try the configure option ‘--build=TYPE’
+where TYPE comes close to your system type; also, please report the
+problem to <config-patches@gnu.org>.
+
+ For more details about configuring system types, see the Autoconf
+documentation.
Sharing Defaults
================
‘-C’
Alias for ‘--cache-file=config.cache’.
-‘--quiet’
-‘--silent’
-‘-q’
- Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To
- suppress all normal output, redirect it to ‘/dev/null’ (any error
- messages will still be shown).
-
‘--srcdir=DIR’
Look for the package’s source code in directory DIR. Usually
‘configure’ can determine that directory automatically.
more details, including other options available for fine-tuning the
installation locations.
+‘--host=TYPE’
+ Build binaries for system TYPE. *Note System Types::.
+
+‘--enable-FEATURE’
+‘--disable-FEATURE’
+ Enable or disable the optional FEATURE. *Note Optional Features::.
+
+‘--with-PACKAGE’
+‘--without-PACKAGE’
+ Use or omit PACKAGE when building. *Note Optional Features::.
+
+‘--quiet’
+‘--silent’
+‘-q’
+ Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To
+ suppress all normal output, redirect it to ‘/dev/null’ (any error
+ messages will still be shown).
+
‘--no-create’
‘-n’
Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
files.
-‘configure’ also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run
-‘configure --help’ for more details.
+‘configure’ also recognizes several environment variables, and accepts
+some other, less widely useful, options. Run ‘configure --help’ for
+more details.
+
+Copyright notice
+================
+
+ Copyright © 1994–1996, 1999–2002, 2004–2017, 2020–2023 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
+
+ Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
+without warranty of any kind.
% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
%
-\def\texinfoversion{2023-03-27.21}
+\def\texinfoversion{2023-06-08.14}
%
% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
%
% \topmark doesn't work for the very first chapter (after the title
% page or the contents), so we use \firstmark there -- this gets us
% the mark with the chapter defs, unless the user sneaks in, e.g.,
-% @setcolor (or @url, or @link, etc.) between @contents and the very
-% first @chapter.
+% @setcolor (or @url etc.) between @contents and the very first @chapter.
\def\gettopheadingmarks{%
\ifcase0\the\savedtopmark\fi
\ifx\thischapter\empty \ifcase0\firstmark\fi \fi
\commondummyword\inforef {}%
\commondummyword\kbd {}%
\commondummyword\key {}%
+ \commondummyword\link {}%
\commondummyword\math {}%
\commondummyword\option {}%
\commondummyword\pxref {}%
% below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt)
% as it did when we hard-coded it.
%
- % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
+ % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumnhsize, so we
% can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
% been clobbered.
%
% Read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies. (They're different since
% rec and nonrec macros end differently.)
%
-% We are in \macrobodyctxt, and the \xdef causes backslashshes in the macro
+% We are in \macrobodyctxt, and the \xdef causes backslashes in the macro
% body to be transformed.
% Set \macrobody to the body of the macro, and call \macrodef.
%
\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
\unsepspaces
%
- % Get args without leading/trailing spaces.
- \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #3}%
- \setbox\printedrefnamebox = \hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
- %
+ \getprintedrefname{#1}{#3}{#5}%
\def\infofilename{\ignorespaces #4}%
\setbox\infofilenamebox = \hbox{\infofilename\unskip}%
%
- \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
- \setbox\printedmanualbox = \hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
- %
- % If the printed reference name (arg #3) was not explicitly given in
- % the @xref, figure out what we want to use.
- \ifdim \wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt
- % No printed node name was explicitly given.
- \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname \relax
- % Not auto section-title: use node name inside the square brackets.
- \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
- \else
- % Auto section-title: use chapter/section title inside
- % the square brackets if we have it.
- \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt
- % It is in another manual, so we don't have it; use node name.
- \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
- \else
- \ifhavexrefs
- % We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values.
- \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}}%
- \else
- % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
- \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
- \fi%
- \fi
- \fi
- \fi
- %
- % Make link in pdf output.
- \ifpdf
- % For pdfTeX and LuaTeX
- {\indexnofonts
- \makevalueexpandable
- \turnoffactive
- % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
- % etc. don't get their TeX definitions. This ignores all spaces in
- % #4, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
- \getfilename{#4}%
- %
- % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
- % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
- \setpdfdestname{#1}%
- %
- \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
- \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
- \fi
- %
- \leavevmode
- \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
- \ifnum\filenamelength>0
- goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfdestname}%
- \else
- goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfdestname}}%
- \fi
- }%
- \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
- \else
- \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
- \else
- % For XeTeX
- {\indexnofonts
- \makevalueexpandable
- \turnoffactive
- % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
- % etc. don't get their TeX definitions. This ignores all spaces in
- % #4, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
- \getfilename{#4}%
- %
- % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
- % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
- \setpdfdestname{#1}%
- %
- \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
- \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
- \fi
- %
- \leavevmode
- \ifnum\filenamelength>0
- % With default settings,
- % XeTeX (xdvipdfmx) replaces link destination names with integers.
- % In this case, the replaced destination names of
- % remote PDFs are no longer known. In order to avoid a replacement,
- % you can use xdvipdfmx's command line option `-C 0x0010'.
- % If you use XeTeX 0.99996+ (TeX Live 2016+),
- % this command line option is no longer necessary
- % because we can use the `dvipdfmx:config' special.
- \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
- << /S /GoToR /F (\the\filename.pdf) /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
- \else
- \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
- << /S /GoTo /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
- \fi
- }%
- \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
- \fi
- \fi
+ \startxreflink{#1}{#4}%
{%
% Have to otherify everything special to allow the \csname to
% include an _ in the xref name, etc.
\endlink
\endgroup}
+% \getprintedrefname{NODE}{LABEL}{MANUAL}
+% - set \printedrefname and \printedmanual
+%
+\def\getprintedrefname#1#2#3{%
+ % Get args without leading/trailing spaces.
+ \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #2}%
+ \setbox\printedrefnamebox = \hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
+ %
+ \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #3}%
+ \setbox\printedmanualbox = \hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
+ %
+ % If the printed reference name (arg #2) was not explicitly given in
+ % the @xref, figure out what we want to use.
+ \ifdim \wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt
+ % No printed node name was explicitly given.
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname \relax
+ % Not auto section-title: use node name inside the square brackets.
+ \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+ \else
+ % Auto section-title: use chapter/section title inside
+ % the square brackets if we have it.
+ \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt
+ % It is in another manual, so we don't have it; use node name.
+ \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+ \else
+ \ifhavexrefs
+ % We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values.
+ \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}}%
+ \else
+ % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
+ \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+ \fi%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \fi
+}
+
+% \startxreflink{NODE}{FILE} - start link in pdf output.
+\def\startxreflink#1#2{%
+ \ifpdforxetex
+ % For pdfTeX and LuaTeX
+ {\indexnofonts
+ \makevalueexpandable
+ \turnoffactive
+ % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
+ % etc. don't get their TeX definitions. This ignores all spaces in
+ % #2, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
+ \getfilename{#2}%
+ %
+ % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
+ % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
+ \setpdfdestname{#1}%
+ %
+ \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
+ \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
+ \fi
+ %
+ \leavevmode
+ \ifpdf
+ \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
+ \ifnum\filenamelength>0
+ goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfdestname}%
+ \else
+ goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfdestname}}%
+ \fi
+ \else % XeTeX
+ \ifnum\filenamelength>0
+ % With default settings,
+ % XeTeX (xdvipdfmx) replaces link destination names with integers.
+ % In this case, the replaced destination names of
+ % remote PDFs are no longer known. In order to avoid a replacement,
+ % you can use xdvipdfmx's command line option `-C 0x0010'.
+ % If you use XeTeX 0.99996+ (TeX Live 2016+),
+ % this command line option is no longer necessary
+ % because we can use the `dvipdfmx:config' special.
+ \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
+ << /S /GoToR /F (\the\filename.pdf) /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
+ \else
+ \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
+ << /S /GoTo /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ }%
+ \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
+ \fi
+}
+
% can be overridden in translation files
\def\putpageref#1{%
\space\putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}}
%
\def\xrefprintnodename#1{[#1]}
+% @link{NODENAME, LABEL, MANUAL} - create a "plain" link, with no
+% page number. Not useful if printed on paper.
+%
+\def\link#1{\linkX[#1,,,]}
+\def\linkX[#1,#2,#3,#4]{%
+ \begingroup
+ \getprintedrefname{#1}{#2}{#3}%
+ \startxreflink{#1}{#3}%
+ \printedrefname
+ \endlink
+ \endgroup
+}
+
+
% Things referred to by \setref.
%
\def\Ynothing{}