+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.3-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-5.3-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug where backslash did not quote multibyte characters in some
+ cases.
+
+b. Requesting the length of an element of an unset array is a fatal error
+ when `set -u' is enabled and the subscript is not `@' or `*'.
+
+c. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of \U.
+
+d. Changes to `set -e' exit behavior in posix mode, since POSIX now says to
+ exit as if executing the `exit builtin with no arguments'.
+
+e. Fixes to the `exec' builtin to undo redirections if it is given a command
+ name to execute and the exection fails, but the shell does not exit. This
+ is POSIX interp 1896.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that resulted in `wait' setting $? to 255 in some cases when
+ waiting for a specific PID.
+
+g. Fixed a bug involving redirections to the file descriptor bash is using to
+ read a script.
+
+h. In POSIX mode, `kill' returns a failure status if any of the PID/job
+ arguments are not found or if sending the signal fails.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused an invalid brace sequence expression to mess up
+ expansion of an enclosing brace expansion.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in command printing that output the wrong default file
+ descriptor for the <> redirection.
+
+k. User-specified subshells (`(...)') now update BASH_COMMAND in the subshell.
+
+l. Fixed a display bug with the `help -m' and loadable builtins.
+
+m. Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when trying to use a pipe for a
+ here document.
+
+n. Fix a bug with multiple assignment statements preceding a simple command
+ containing nofork comsubs.
+
+o. Fix a potential bug that could result in a NULL buffered stream even with
+ a valid input file descriptor.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that allowed a history search to change the current history
+ list position.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that allowed ^G to retain a saved command to execute.
+
+c. Updates to new export-completions command to allow filename suffixes.
+
+d. Fixed a redisplay bug with prompts containing multiple sequences of
+ invisible characters that are longer than the screen width.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new `fltexpr' loadable builtin to perform floating-point
+ arithmetic similarly to `let'.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Readline can reset its idea of the screen dimensions when executing after
+ a SIGCONT.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.3-beta, and
the previous version, bash-5.3-alpha.
at configure time.
m. Posix mode now forces job notifications to occur when the new edition of
- POSIX specifes (since it now specifies them).
+ POSIX specifies (since it now specifies them).
n. Interactive shells don't print job notifications while sourcing scripts.
ww. Posix mode doesn't perform function lookup for function names containing
a slash.
-xx. <( and >( can now be used in funtion names.
+xx. <( and >( can now be used in function names.
yy. Fixed a bug that caused tilde expansion not to be performed on some
array subscripts.
set it to something that's not a full pathname.
pppp. The test builtin only supports the optional argument to -t if parsing
- an expression with more than four aguments and not in posix mode.
+ an expression with more than four arguments and not in posix mode.
qqqq. Changes to filename quoting and rewriting to deal with NFC and NFD
Unicode forms (primarily for macOS).
b. Fix a bug where setlocale(3) returning NULL caused a crash.
c. Fixed signal checking in callback mode to handle signals that arrive before
- readline restore's the application's signal handlers.
+ readline restores the application's signal handlers.
d. Fixed a bug with word completion where the directory name needs to be
dequoted and tilde-expanded.
strings.
v. Fix infinite recursion that can happen if someone binds a key that doesn't
- have a different upper and lower case represenation to do-lowercase-version.
+ have a different upper and lower case representation to do-lowercase-version.
w. Check for non-ANSI (dumb) terminals a little more thoroughly.
signal argument.
k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare')
- preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation
+ preserves the special assignment statement parsing for the declation
builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement.
l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting.
-m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings
+m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C) as referring to wide strings
and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale.
n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the
case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search
string.
+j. There is a new rl_print_keybinding function that prints the key bindings
+ for a single bindable function specified by name.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-release, and
the previous version, bash-5.2-rc4.
available.
o. Bash posix mode now treats assignment statements preceding shell function
- definitions the same as in its default mode, since POSIX has changed and
+ calls the same as in its default mode, since POSIX has changed and
no longer requires those assignments to persist after the function returns
(POSIX interp 654).
+++ /dev/null
-The version of bash in this directory has been compiled on the
-following systems:
-
-By chet:
-
-SunOS 4.1.4
-SunOS 5.5
-BSDI BSD/OS 2.1
-FreeBSD 2.2
-NetBSD 1.2
-AIX 4.2
-AIX 4.1.4
-HP/UX 9.05, 10.01, 10.10, 10.20
-Linux 2.0.29 (libc 5.3.12)
-Linux 2.0.4 (libc 5.3.12)
-
-By other testers:
-
-SCO ODT 2.0
-SCO 3.2v5.0, 3.2v4.2
-SunOS 5.3
-SunOS 5.5
-BSD/OS 2.1
-FreeBSD 2.2
-SunOS 4.1.3
-Irix 5.3
-Irix 6.2
-Linux 2.0 (unknown distribution)
-Digital OSF/1 3.2
-GNU Hurd 0.1
-SVR4.2
+++ /dev/null
-Date: Tue, 06 Feb 2007 16:06:58 -0500
-From: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
-Subject: Re: bash and linux audit
-To: chet.ramey@case.edu
-Organization: Red Hat
-
-OK, I released audit 1.4 Sunday which has the logging function for user
-commands. It produces audit events like this:
-
-type=USER_CMD msg=audit(01/30/2007 18:23:45.793:143) : user pid=22862 uid=root
-auid=root subj=system_u:system_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
-msg='cwd=/root/test dir cmd=ls -l (terminal=tty1 res=success)'
-
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/config-bot.h bash-3.2/config-bot.h
---- bash-3.2.orig/config-bot.h 2007-01-03 09:01:05.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/config-bot.h 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -97,6 +97,11 @@
- # define RESTRICTED_SHELL_NAME "rbash"
- #endif
-
-+/* If the shell is called by this name, it will become audited. */
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+# define AUDIT_SHELL_NAME "aubash"
-+#endif
-+
- /***********************************************************/
- /* Make sure feature defines have necessary prerequisites. */
- /***********************************************************/
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/config.h.in bash-3.2/config.h.in
---- bash-3.2.orig/config.h.in 2007-01-03 09:01:05.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/config.h.in 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@
- flag. */
- #undef RESTRICTED_SHELL
-
-+/* Define AUDIT_SHELL if you want the generated shell to audit all
-+ actions performed by root account. The shell thus generated can become
-+ audited by being run with the name "aubash". */
-+#undef AUDIT_SHELL
-+
- /* Define DISABLED_BUILTINS if you want "builtin foo" to always run the
- shell builtin "foo", even if it has been disabled with "enable -n foo". */
- #undef DISABLED_BUILTINS
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/configure.in bash-3.2/configure.in
---- bash-3.2.orig/configure.in 2007-01-03 09:01:05.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/configure.in 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ opt_history=yes
- opt_bang_history=yes
- opt_dirstack=yes
- opt_restricted=yes
-+opt_audit=yes
- opt_process_subst=yes
- opt_prompt_decoding=yes
- opt_select=yes
-@@ -195,8 +196,8 @@ dnl a minimal configuration turns everyt
- dnl added individually
- if test $opt_minimal_config = yes; then
- opt_job_control=no opt_alias=no opt_readline=no
-- opt_history=no opt_bang_history=no opt_dirstack=no
-- opt_restricted=no opt_process_subst=no opt_prompt_decoding=no
-+ opt_history=no opt_bang_history=no opt_dirstack=no opt_restricted=no
-+ opt_audit=no opt_process_subst=no opt_prompt_decoding=no
- opt_select=no opt_help=no opt_array_variables=no opt_dparen_arith=no
- opt_brace_expansion=no opt_disabled_builtins=no opt_command_timing=no
- opt_extended_glob=no opt_cond_command=no opt_arith_for_command=no
-@@ -227,6 +228,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(progcomp, AC_HELP_STRING([
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(prompt-string-decoding, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-prompt-string-decoding], [turn on escape character decoding in prompts]), opt_prompt_decoding=$enableval)
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(readline, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-readline], [turn on command line editing]), opt_readline=$enableval)
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(restricted, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-restricted], [enable a restricted shell]), opt_restricted=$enableval)
-+AC_ARG_ENABLE(audit, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-audit], [enable an audited shell]), opt_audit=$enableval)
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(select, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-select], [include select command]), opt_select=$enableval)
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(separate-helpfiles, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-separate-helpfiles], [use external files for help builtin documentation]), opt_separate_help=$enableval)
- AC_ARG_ENABLE(single-help-strings, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-single-help-strings], [store help documentation as a single string to ease translation]), opt_single_longdoc_strings=$enableval)
-@@ -254,6 +256,10 @@ fi
- if test $opt_restricted = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(RESTRICTED_SHELL)
- fi
-+if test $opt_audit = yes; then
-+AC_DEFINE(AUDIT_SHELL)
-+AUDIT_LIB='-laudit'
-+fi
- if test $opt_process_subst = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
- fi
-@@ -355,6 +361,8 @@ AC_SUBST(HELPDIRDEFINE)
- AC_SUBST(HELPINSTALL)
- AC_SUBST(HELPSTRINGS)
-
-+AC_SUBST(AUDIT_LIB)
-+
- echo ""
- echo "Beginning configuration for bash-$BASHVERS-$RELSTATUS for ${host_cpu}-${host_vendor}-${host_os}"
- echo ""
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/doc/bash.1 bash-3.2/doc/bash.1
---- bash-3.2.orig/doc/bash.1 2007-01-03 09:01:05.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/doc/bash.1 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ single-character options to be recognize
- .PP
- .PD 0
- .TP
-+.B \-\-audit
-+The shell logs all commands run by the root user (see
-+.SM
-+.B "AUDIT SHELL"
-+below).
-+.TP
- .B \-\-debugger
- Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
- starts.
-@@ -8770,6 +8776,17 @@ turns off any restrictions in the shell
- script.
- .\" end of rbash.1
- .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-+.SH "AUDIT SHELL"
-+.zY
-+.PP
-+If
-+.B bash
-+is started with the name
-+.BR aubash ,
-+or the
-+.B \-\-audit
-+option is supplied at invocation, the shell logs all commands issued by the root user to the audit system.
-+.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .PD 0
- .TP
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/eval.c bash-3.2/eval.c
---- bash-3.2.orig/eval.c 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/eval.c 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
- # include "bashhist.h"
- #endif
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+# include <libaudit.h>
-+# include <errno.h>
-+#endif
-+
- extern int EOF_reached;
- extern int indirection_level;
- extern int posixly_correct;
-@@ -58,6 +63,38 @@ extern int rpm_requires;
- static void send_pwd_to_eterm __P((void));
- static sighandler alrm_catcher __P((int));
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+static int audit_fd = -1;
-+
-+static int
-+audit_start ()
-+{
-+ audit_fd = audit_open ();
-+ if (audit_fd < 0)
-+ return -1;
-+ else
-+ return 0;
-+}
-+
-+static int
-+audit (cmd, result)
-+ char *cmd;
-+ int result;
-+{
-+ int rc;
-+
-+ if (audit_fd < 0)
-+ return 0;
-+
-+ rc = audit_log_user_command (audit_fd, AUDIT_USER_CMD, cmd,
-+ NULL, !result);
-+ close (audit_fd);
-+ audit_fd = -1;
-+ return rc;
-+}
-+#endif
-+
-+
- /* Read and execute commands until EOF is reached. This assumes that
- the input source has already been initialized. */
- int
-@@ -145,7 +182,25 @@ reader_loop ()
-
- executing = 1;
- stdin_redir = 0;
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+ if (audited && interactive_shell && getuid () == 0)
-+ {
-+ if (audit_start () < 0)
-+ {
-+ if (errno != EINVAL && errno != EPROTONOSUPPORT &&
-+ errno != EAFNOSUPPORT)
-+ return EXECUTION_FAILURE;
-+ }
-+ }
-+#endif
-+
- execute_command (current_command);
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+ {
-+ extern char *shell_input_line;
-+ audit (shell_input_line, last_command_exit_value);
-+ }
-+#endif
-
- exec_done:
- QUIT;
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/externs.h bash-3.2/externs.h
---- bash-3.2.orig/externs.h 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/externs.h 2007-01-20 12:05:00.000000000 -0500
-@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ extern int shell_is_restricted __P((char
- extern int maybe_make_restricted __P((char *));
- #endif
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+extern int maybe_make_audited __P((char *));
-+#endif
-+
- extern void unset_bash_input __P((int));
- extern void get_current_user_info __P((void));
-
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/flags.c bash-3.2/flags.c
---- bash-3.2.orig/flags.c 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/flags.c 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -142,6 +142,12 @@ int restricted = 0; /* currently restri
- int restricted_shell = 0; /* shell was started in restricted mode. */
- #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+/* Non-zero means that this shell is audited. An audited shell records
-+ each command that the root user executes. */
-+int audited = 0; /* shell was started in audit mode. */
-+#endif /* AUDIT_SHELL */
-+
- /* Non-zero means that this shell is running in `privileged' mode. This
- is required if the shell is to run setuid. If the `-p' option is
- not supplied at startup, and the real and effective uids or gids
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/flags.h bash-3.2/flags.h
---- bash-3.2.orig/flags.h 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/flags.h 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ extern int restricted;
- extern int restricted_shell;
- #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+extern int audited;
-+#endif /* AUDIT_SHELL */
-+
- extern int *find_flag __P((int));
- extern int change_flag __P((int, int));
- extern char *which_set_flags __P((void));
-Only in bash-3.2: .made
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/Makefile.in bash-3.2/Makefile.in
---- bash-3.2.orig/Makefile.in 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/Makefile.in 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -366,6 +366,8 @@ MALLOC_LIBRARY = @MALLOC_LIBRARY@
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS = @MALLOC_LDFLAGS@
- MALLOC_DEP = @MALLOC_DEP@
-
-+AUDIT_LIB = @AUDIT_LIB@
-+
- ALLOC_HEADERS = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/getpagesize.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/shmalloc.h \
- $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/imalloc.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/mstats.h \
- $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/table.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/watch.h
-@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ BASHINCFILES = $(BASHINCDIR)/posixstat.
- $(BASHINCDIR)/ocache.h
-
- LIBRARIES = $(SHLIB_LIB) $(READLINE_LIB) $(HISTORY_LIB) $(TERMCAP_LIB) $(GLOB_LIB) \
-- $(TILDE_LIB) $(MALLOC_LIB) $(INTL_LIB) $(LOCAL_LIBS)
-+ $(TILDE_LIB) $(MALLOC_LIB) $(INTL_LIB) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(AUDIT_LIB)
-
- LIBDEP = $(SHLIB_DEP) $(INTL_DEP) $(READLINE_DEP) $(HISTORY_DEP) $(TERMCAP_DEP) $(GLOB_DEP) \
- $(TILDE_DEP) $(MALLOC_DEP)
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/parse.y bash-3.2/parse.y
---- bash-3.2.orig/parse.y 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/parse.y 2007-01-20 11:59:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ int need_here_doc;
-
- /* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each
- line when the shell is interactive. */
--static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
-+char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
- static int shell_input_line_index;
- static int shell_input_line_size; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */
- static int shell_input_line_len; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */
-diff -urp bash-3.2.orig/shell.c bash-3.2/shell.c
---- bash-3.2.orig/shell.c 2007-01-03 09:01:06.000000000 -0500
-+++ bash-3.2/shell.c 2007-01-20 12:04:23.000000000 -0500
-@@ -240,6 +240,9 @@ struct {
- #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
- { "restricted", Int, &restricted, (char **)0x0 },
- #endif
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+ { "audit", Int, &audited, (char **)0x0 },
-+#endif
- { "verbose", Int, &echo_input_at_read, (char **)0x0 },
- { "version", Int, &do_version, (char **)0x0 },
- { "wordexp", Int, &wordexp_only, (char **)0x0 },
-@@ -644,6 +647,10 @@ main (argc, argv, env)
- maybe_make_restricted (shell_name);
- #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+ maybe_make_audited (shell_name);
-+#endif
-+
- if (wordexp_only)
- {
- startup_state = 3;
-@@ -1143,6 +1150,29 @@ maybe_make_restricted (name)
- }
- #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
-
-+#if defined (AUDIT_SHELL)
-+/* Perhaps make this shell an `audited' one, based on NAME. If the
-+ basename of NAME is "aubash", then this shell is audited. The
-+ name of the audited shell is a configurable option, see config.h.
-+ In an audited shell, all actions performed by root will be logged
-+ to the audit system.
-+ Do this also if `audited' is already set to 1 maybe the shell was
-+ started with --audit. */
-+int
-+maybe_make_audited (name)
-+ char *name;
-+{
-+ char *temp;
-+
-+ temp = base_pathname (name);
-+ if (*temp == '-')
-+ temp++;
-+ if (audited || (STREQ (temp, AUDIT_SHELL_NAME)))
-+ audited = 1;
-+ return (audited);
-+}
-+#endif /* AUDIT_SHELL */
-+
- /* Fetch the current set of uids and gids and return 1 if we're running
- setuid or setgid. */
- static int
-----
CHANGES,NEWS
- updated for bash-5.3-beta
+
+ 12/15
+ -----
+lib/readline/histexpand.c
+ - get_history_event: make sure we don't change history_offset whether
+ the search succeeds or fails, don't set it to history_length.
+ Callers don't expect to have the history offset changed out from
+ under them.
+ Fixes bug reported by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+ 12/16
+ -----
+lib/readline/util.c
+ - _rl_abort_internal: make sure to clear _rl_command_to_execute
+ Report and patch from Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+tests/printf7.sub,tests/cond-regexp2.sub
+ - accommodate different error messages across different systems
+
+ 1/2/2025
+ --------
+tests/run-all, tests/run-minimal
+ - BASHOPTS: unset or unexport as appropriate, same as SHELLOPTS
+ From a report by Martin D Kealey <martin@kurahaupo.gen.nz>
+
+ 1/9
+ ---
+subst.c
+ - string_extract_verbatim: take into account the fact that CTLESC can
+ quote multibyte characters; use ADVANCE_CHAR instead of increment
+ Fixes bug reported by jktseug@gmail.com
+
+ 1/10
+ ----
+expr.c
+ - expr_bind_variable,expr_streval: suppress additional expansion if
+ called by the `let' builtin, whether or not array_expand_once is set
+ - expr_skipsubscript: suppress expansion while parsing subscripts
+ whether array_expand_once is set or not
+ Still have to change tests if this goes final
+ These are all conditional on shell_compatibility_level > 51
+ From a bug-bash post by Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org>
+
+ 1/14
+ ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - _rl_export_completions: use print_filename instead of fprintf to
+ display the possible completions so slashes and file types can
+ be included
+ From a patch from Matthew Tromp <matthewktromp@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/15
+ ----
+examples/loadables/fltexpr.c
+ - fltexpr: new loadable builtin to do floating-point arithmetic
+ expression evaluation and optionally print the result
+
+ 1/16
+ ----
+builtins/printf.def
+ - getarg(), advancearg(): cosmetic changes to make it easier to
+ implement %N$ format specifiers in the future
+
+ 1/18
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - array_length_reference: requesting the length of an element of an
+ unset variable using array syntax is a fatal error when `set -u'
+ is enabled and the subscript is not `@' or `*'.
+ Inspired by a report from Ian Kelling <iank@fsf.org>
+
+ 1/20
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - decode_prompt_string: since Debian has made the spectaculary bad call
+ to allow arbitrary characters in usernames, protect the results of
+ the \u expansion in the same way as \[Ww] and \[Hh] (externally-
+ controlled data)
+ From https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10496
+
+ 1/21
+ ----
+eval.c
+ - reader_loop: if we longjmp with ERREXIT, don't reset any local
+ function contexts in posix mode, since POSIX says to exit as if
+ executing the `exit builtin with no arguments'. Revision of change
+ from 7/2022.
+ From a report by Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name> in 11/2024
+
+lib/readline/display.c
+ - rl_redisplay: after calling update_line, when putting the cursor
+ where it needs to be and reprinting part of the line with the
+ prompt that contains invisible characters, make sure we start to
+ output characters at the portion in the prompt buffer that begins
+ on the current line and only offset by the number of invisible
+ characters on the current line, and set _rl_last_c_pos accordingly
+ in both multibyte and singlebyte locales.
+ Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
+
+ 1/22
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_builtin_or_function: if we're executing the exec builtin,
+ and there are redirections, let exec_builtin handle disposing of
+ redirection_undo_list if there is no program name to execute, so
+ it's still there if exec returns and doesn't exit the shell.
+ Then we can manage disposing of exec_redirection_undo_list and
+ letting the redirections be undone as normal.
+ This is POSIX interp 1896, with modifications from
+ https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1896#c7037
+
+builtins/exec.def
+ - exec_builtin: dispose of redirection_undo_list and set it to NULL
+ if there is no program name operand; let execute_builtin_or_function
+ clean it up
+
+ 1/23
+ ----
+lib/readline/terminal.c
+ - _rl_tcgetwinsize,_rl_tcsetwinsize: function wrappers for tcgetwinsize/
+ tcsetwinsize with fallbacks to ioctl if those functions aren't
+ available
+ - _rl_get_screensize: use _rl_tcgetwinsize
+
+lib/readline/rlwinsize.h
+ - _rl_tcgetwinsize,_rl_tcsetwinsize: extern function declarations
+
+lib/readine/rltty.c
+ - set_winsize: use _rl_tcgetwinsize/_rl_tcsetwinsize
+ - set_winsize: if _rl_tcgetwinsize succeeds, use the values to set
+ readline's idea of the screen size via _rl_set_screen_size
+ Inspired by a discussion with Olav Mørkrid <omega@funker.no>
+
+ 1/24
+ ----
+lib/readline/signals.c
+ - _rl_handling_signal: new private variable, set to the signal we're
+ currently handling in _rl_signal_handler (SIGWINCH) or
+ _rl_handle_signal (all others). Only valid if RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER
+ is set
+
+lib/readline/rlprivate.h
+ - _rl_handling_signal: new extern declaration
+
+lib/readline/rltty.c
+ - set_winsize: only set readline's idea of the screen size if we're
+ executing in a signal handler context and handling SIGTSTP and the
+ application has indicated that it doesn't want the environment
+ variables LINES and COLUMNS to have priority (rl_prefer_env_winsize)
+
+ 1/30
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - wait_for_single_pid: if wait_for returns -1/ECHILD, make sure to
+ return 257 just as if the child was not found, optionally printing
+ an error message if JWAIT_PERROR is supplied
+ From a discussion with Ian <saturns_rings@protonmail.com>
+
+ 2/8
+ ---
+redir.c
+ - do_redirection_internal: keep track of whether the redirector fd
+ was active with a new variable. Not used yet, should be optimized
+ out.
+ - add_undo_fd_redirect: new undo function using r_move_input so we
+ don't need a dup redir and a separate close redir to undo. Not
+ used yet
+ - do_redirection_internal: only call check_bash_input if we're
+ creating an undo list and not running one
+
+command.h
+ - OUTPUT_REDIRECT: add r_output_force
+
+input.c
+ - check_bash_input: if we dup the bash input fd to another in
+ save_bash_input, return that fd. Continue to return -1 on error
+ and 0 if we don't do anything but sync
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_null_command: force a subshell if any of the redirections
+ involve the bash input buffered fd.
+ From a report by Martin D Kealey <martin@kurahaupo.gen.nz>
+
+ 2/10
+ ----
+
+examples/loadables/chmod.c
+ - chmod: new loadable builtin, inspired by zhixu.liu@gmail.com in
+ https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10499
+
+ 2/11
+ ----
+builtins/kill.def
+ - kill_builtin: in posix mode, return a failure status if any of the
+ pid/job arguments are not found or sending the signal fails. This
+ is consistent with
+ https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/utilities/kill.html#tag_20_64_14
+
+ 2/12
+ ----
+braces.c
+ - brace_gobbler: take a new argument in which to return the type of
+ brace expansion (comma or sequence) we think we've found; change
+ all callers
+ - brace_expand: even if we find a BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, don't try to
+ perform expansion if brace_gobbler doesn't think we have a
+ BRACE_COMMA expansion
+ - valid_seqterm: new function, performs minimal validation on a
+ sequence expansion, used to skip over invalid sequence expressions
+ in brace_expand
+ - brace_expand: call valid_seqterm if brace_gobbler finds a BRACE_SEQ
+ expansion
+ Inspired by report from Robert Elz <kre@munnari.oz.au>
+
+ 2/13
+ ----
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - clarified the handling of double quotes in EXPRESSION in
+ (( EXPRESSION )) and $(( EXPRESSION )) to say that only unescaped
+ double quotes are removed
+
+expr.c
+ - expr_bind_variable,expr_streval: revert change from 1/10 that
+ suppresses additional expansion when called by the `let' builtin,
+ tag for possible inclusion in a future release when I can look
+ at parallel changes to ((...)) and $((...)) (and probably
+ declare 'a[" "]=12' or similar)
+
+ 2/14
+ ----
+
+lib/sh/zmapfd.c,externs.h
+ - zmapfd: now returns ssize_t in case of large files when size_t is
+ larger than int
+
+builtins/evalfile.c,builtins/help.def
+ - zmapfd: changed callers
+
+print_cmd.c
+ - print_redirection: the default file descriptor for <> is 0
+ Report and fix from Emanuele Torre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
+
+ 2/18
+ ----
+configure.ac
+ - check for d_type member of struct dirent for future use
+
+ 2/24
+ ----
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - document the word expansions performed on indexed array subscripts
+ and assoc array keys
+ - document the possibility and effect of empty strings on arithmetic
+ evaluation for substring expansion, arithmetic expansion, operands
+ to the the [[ command's arithmetic operators, the expression in
+ the (( compound command, and indexed array subscripts
+
+ 2/24
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_command_internal: if executing a (...) subshell, make sure
+ to update BASH_COMMAND before exiting on an error return from the
+ subshell with -e set
+ Report from Max Bowsher <maxbowsher@gmail.com>
+
+ 3/3
+ ---
+redir.c
+ - here_document_to_fd: if we are trying to use a pipe for a here
+ document, but the F_GETPIPE_SZ fcntl returns a value shorter than
+ the here document length, make sure to close the pipe file descriptors
+
+builtins/ulimit.def
+ - pipesize: use pathconf and _PC_PIPE_BUF if available
+
+ 3/8
+ ---
+braces.c
+ - brace_expand: make sure to call valid_seqterm with the right length
+ so that text[tlen] == '}'
+
+ 3/10
+ ----
+builtins/help.def
+ - show_manpage: if the first line of long_doc doesn't contain a
+ newline, e.g., if it's a loadable builtin, add one so there's the
+ usual space between NAME and SYNOPSIS
+
+m4/codeset.m4
+ - define HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+
+lib/sh/strftime.c
+ - updates for locale-awareness
+
+ 3/14
+ ----
+lib/termcap/termcap.c,lib/termcap/tparam.c
+ - updates for ISO C
+
+ 3/17
+ ----
+configure.ac
+ - update release to rc1, update CHANGES and NEWS
+
+ 3/19
+ ----
+lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
+ - _rl_wcwidth: make sure wchar_t constants have an `L' prefix
+
+ 3/24
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - function_substitute: set temporary_env to NULL (we've already
+ set up an unwind-protect for it) before pushing the context, so
+ pop_context doesn't free it out from underneath the caller.
+ Report from Emanuele Torre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
+
+ 3/27
+ ----
+shell.c
+ - set_bash_input: if the call to with_input_from_buffered_stream does
+ not result in a valid buffer corresponding to the file descriptor,
+ print an error message and set last_command_exit_value
+ From a report in https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10512
+
+ 4/3
+ ---
+lib/sh/gettimeofday.c
+ - updated from version in gnulib
+
+[bash-5.3-rc1 frozen]
+++ /dev/null
-From jwe@che.utexas.edu Wed Sep 21 17:23:40 1994
-Flags: 10
-Return-Path: jwe@che.utexas.edu
-Received: from po.CWRU.Edu (root@po.CWRU.Edu [129.22.4.2]) by odin.INS.CWRU.Edu with ESMTP (8.6.8.1+cwru/CWRU-2.1-ins)
- id RAA04010; Wed, 21 Sep 1994 17:23:39 -0400 (from jwe@che.utexas.edu for <chet@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu>)
-Received: from life.ai.mit.edu (life.ai.mit.edu [128.52.32.80]) by po.CWRU.Edu with SMTP (8.6.8.1+cwru/CWRU-2.2)
- id RAA02121; Wed, 21 Sep 1994 17:23:28 -0400 (from jwe@che.utexas.edu for <chet@po.cwru.edu>)
-Received: from schoch.che.utexas.edu by life.ai.mit.edu (4.1/AI-4.10) for chet@po.cwru.edu id AA09989; Wed, 21 Sep 94 17:23:17 EDT
-Received: from localhost (jwe@localhost) by schoch.che.utexas.edu (8.6.8.1/8.6) with SMTP id QAA05737; Wed, 21 Sep 1994 16:22:01 -0500
-Message-Id: <199409212122.QAA05737@schoch.che.utexas.edu>
-To: march@tudor.com
-Cc: bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Re: Completion feature possible?
-In-Reply-To: Your message of 21 Sep 94 13:30:22 EDT
-Date: Wed, 21 Sep 94 16:22:00 EDT
-From: John Eaton <jwe@che.utexas.edu>
-
-Gregory F. March <march@tudor.com> wrote:
-
-: I was having a discussion about MH with one of my friends the other
-: day and I got to thinking that the +folder/subfolder scheme for naming
-: mail folders is a real pain because completion doesn't work on
-: them. Someone then mentioned that zsh (I think) has the ability to
-: specify how to complete (I guess where to look for the files) for
-: different prefixes. Bash right now knows about '@', '~', and '$' (any
-: others?). It would be really helpful if one could define something
-: like:
-:
-: completion '+' "$HOME/Mail"
-:
-: in a config file someplace. Would this be easy? Is there a list of
-: TODO item that someone might want to add this to?
-
-It would be nice to have a general completion feature like this.
-
-Until that happens, maybe you will find the following patch useful.
-It makes MH folder name completion work with bash. The diffs are
-relative to version 1.14.2.
-
-I realize that changes to readline.c and and complete.c are not good
-since they add some MH-specific stuff to the readline code and not to
-bash, but when I first wrote this, I had no idea what else to do.
-
-Chet, would you consider adding this if it were cleaned up a bit?
-Made optional with cpp conditionals?
-
-This feature has been very useful to me for the last several years
-(since about 1.05 or 1.06, I think).
-
-Thanks,
-
---
-John W. Eaton | 4.3BSD is not perfect. -- Leffler, et al. (1989).
-jwe@che.utexas.edu |
-
-
--------------------------------cut here-------------------------------
-diff -rc bash-1.14.2/bashline.c bash-1.14.2.local/bashline.c
-*** bash-1.14.2/bashline.c Wed Aug 3 09:32:45 1994
---- bash-1.14.2.local/bashline.c Wed Sep 21 15:39:04 1994
-***************
-*** 58,63 ****
---- 58,64 ----
- static char *hostname_completion_function ();
- static char *command_word_completion_function ();
- static char *command_subst_completion_function ();
-+ static char *mh_folder_completion_function ();
-
- static void snarf_hosts_from_file (), add_host_name ();
- static void sort_hostname_list ();
-***************
-*** 90,95 ****
---- 91,98 ----
- bash_complete_username_internal (),
- bash_complete_hostname (), bash_possible_hostname_completions (),
- bash_complete_hostname_internal (),
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder (), bash_possible_mh_folder_completions (),
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder_internal (),
- bash_complete_variable (), bash_possible_variable_completions (),
- bash_complete_variable_internal (),
- bash_complete_command (), bash_possible_command_completions (),
-***************
-*** 134,140 ****
- rl_terminal_name = get_string_value ("TERM");
- rl_instream = stdin;
- rl_outstream = stderr;
-! rl_special_prefixes = "$@";
-
- /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */
- rl_readline_name = "Bash";
---- 137,143 ----
- rl_terminal_name = get_string_value ("TERM");
- rl_instream = stdin;
- rl_outstream = stderr;
-! rl_special_prefixes = "$@+";
-
- /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */
- rl_readline_name = "Bash";
-***************
-*** 193,198 ****
---- 196,207 ----
- rl_bind_key_in_map ('@', bash_possible_hostname_completions,
- emacs_ctlx_keymap);
-
-+ rl_add_defun ("complete-mh-folder", bash_complete_mh_folder, META('+'));
-+ rl_add_defun ("possible-mh-folder-completions",
-+ bash_possible_mh_folder_completions, -1);
-+ rl_bind_key_in_map ('+', bash_possible_mh_folder_completions,
-+ emacs_ctlx_keymap);
-+
- rl_add_defun ("complete-variable", bash_complete_variable, -1);
- rl_bind_key_in_map ('$', bash_complete_variable, emacs_meta_keymap);
- rl_add_defun ("possible-variable-completions",
-***************
-*** 656,661 ****
---- 665,677 ----
- if (!matches && *text == '@')
- matches = completion_matches (text, hostname_completion_function);
-
-+ /* Another one. Why not? If the word starts in '+', then look for
-+ matching mh folders for completion first. */
-+ if (!matches && *text == '+')
-+ {
-+ matches = completion_matches (text, mh_folder_completion_function);
-+ }
-+
- /* And last, (but not least) if this word is in a command position, then
- complete over possible command names, including aliases, functions,
- and command names. */
-***************
-*** 1077,1082 ****
---- 1093,1185 ----
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
-+ /* How about a completion function for mh folders? */
-+ static char *
-+ mh_folder_completion_function (text, state)
-+ int state;
-+ char *text;
-+ {
-+ extern int rl_filename_completion_desired;
-+
-+ extern char *get_mh_path ();
-+
-+ static char *mh_path = (char *)NULL;
-+ static int len;
-+ static int istate;
-+ static char *val;
-+ char *hint;
-+
-+ static char *mh_folder_hint = (char *)NULL;
-+
-+ /* If we don't have any state, make some. */
-+ if (!state)
-+ {
-+ val = (char *)NULL;
-+
-+ if (mh_path)
-+ free (mh_path);
-+
-+ mh_path = get_mh_path ();
-+ if (!mh_path && !(hint[1] == '/' || hint[1] == '.'))
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+
-+ len = strlen (mh_path);
-+ }
-+
-+ if (mh_folder_hint)
-+ free (mh_folder_hint);
-+
-+ hint = text;
-+ if (*hint == '+')
-+ hint++;
-+
-+ mh_folder_hint = (char *)xmalloc (2 + len + strlen (hint));
-+ if (*hint == '/' || *hint == '.') {
-+ len = -1;
-+ sprintf (mh_folder_hint, "%s", hint);
-+ } else
-+ sprintf (mh_folder_hint, "%s/%s", mh_path, hint);
-+
-+ istate = (val != (char *)NULL);
-+
-+ again:
-+ val = filename_completion_function (mh_folder_hint, istate);
-+ istate = 1;
-+
-+ if (!val)
-+ {
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+ }
-+ else
-+ {
-+ char *ptr = val + len + 1, *temp;
-+ struct stat sb;
-+ int status = stat (val, &sb);
-+
-+ if (status != 0)
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+
-+ if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) == S_IFDIR)
-+ {
-+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (2 + strlen (ptr));
-+ *temp = '+';
-+ strcpy (temp + 1, ptr);
-+
-+ free (val);
-+ val = "";
-+
-+ rl_filename_completion_desired = 1;
-+
-+ return (temp);
-+ }
-+ else
-+ {
-+ free (val);
-+ }
-+ goto again;
-+ }
-+ }
-+
- /* History and alias expand the line. */
- static char *
- history_expand_line_internal (line)
-***************
-*** 1628,1633 ****
---- 1731,1773 ----
- {
- bash_specific_completion
- (what_to_do, (Function *)username_completion_function);
-+ }
-+
-+ static void
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder (ignore, ignore2)
-+ int ignore, ignore2;
-+ {
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder_internal (TAB);
-+ }
-+
-+ static void
-+ bash_possible_mh_folder_completions (ignore, ignore2)
-+ int ignore, ignore2;
-+ {
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder_internal ('?');
-+ }
-+
-+ static void
-+ bash_complete_mh_folder_internal (what_to_do)
-+ int what_to_do;
-+ {
-+ Function *orig_func;
-+ CPPFunction *orig_attempt_func;
-+ char *orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters;
-+ extern char *rl_completer_word_break_characters;
-+
-+ orig_func = rl_completion_entry_function;
-+ orig_attempt_func = rl_attempted_completion_function;
-+ orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters = rl_completer_word_break_characters;
-+ rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *)mh_folder_completion_function;
-+ rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)NULL;
-+ rl_completer_word_break_characters = " \t\n\"\'";
-+
-+ rl_complete_internal (what_to_do);
-+
-+ rl_completion_entry_function = orig_func;
-+ rl_attempted_completion_function = orig_attempt_func;
-+ rl_completer_word_break_characters = orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters;
- }
-
- static void
-Only in bash-1.14.2.local: bashline.c.orig
-diff -rc bash-1.14.2/lib/readline/complete.c bash-1.14.2.local/lib/readline/complete.c
-*** bash-1.14.2/lib/readline/complete.c Tue Jul 26 12:59:57 1994
---- bash-1.14.2.local/lib/readline/complete.c Wed Sep 21 15:41:19 1994
-***************
-*** 733,751 ****
- if (rl_filename_completion_desired)
- {
- struct stat finfo;
-! char *filename = tilde_expand (matches[0]);
-
-! if ((stat (filename, &finfo) == 0) && S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))
- {
-! if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != '/')
-! rl_insert_text ("/");
- }
-! else
- {
-! if (rl_point == rl_end)
-! rl_insert_text (temp_string);
- }
-- free (filename);
- }
- else
- {
---- 733,768 ----
- if (rl_filename_completion_desired)
- {
- struct stat finfo;
-! char *tilde_expand ();
-! char *plus_expand ();
-! char *filename = (char *) NULL;
-
-! switch (*matches[0])
- {
-! case '+':
-! filename = plus_expand (matches[0]);
-! break;
-! case '~':
-! default:
-! filename = tilde_expand (matches[0]);
-! break;
- }
-!
-! if (filename)
- {
-! if ((stat (filename, &finfo) == 0)
-! && S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))
-! {
-! if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != '/')
-! rl_insert_text ("/");
-! }
-! else
-! {
-! if (rl_point == rl_end)
-! rl_insert_text (temp_string);
-! }
-! free (filename);
- }
- }
- else
- {
-Only in bash-1.14.2.local/lib/readline: diffs
-diff -rc bash-1.14.2/lib/readline/readline.c bash-1.14.2.local/lib/readline/readline.c
-*** bash-1.14.2/lib/readline/readline.c Fri Aug 12 12:47:46 1994
---- bash-1.14.2.local/lib/readline/readline.c Wed Sep 21 15:36:07 1994
-***************
-*** 23,28 ****
---- 23,29 ----
- #define READLINE_LIBRARY
-
- #include <stdio.h>
-+ #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #if !defined (NO_SYS_FILE)
-***************
-*** 3518,3523 ****
---- 3519,3616 ----
- }
-
- #endif /* TEST */
-+
-+ #define cr_whitespace(c) ((c) == '\r' || (c) == '\n' || whitespace(c))
-+
-+ char *
-+ get_mh_path ()
-+ {
-+ static FILE *fp = (FILE *)NULL;
-+ char buf[512]; /* XXX */
-+ char profile[512]; /* XXX */
-+ char *bp;
-+ char *temp_home;
-+ char *temp_path;
-+
-+ temp_home = (char *)getenv ("HOME");
-+ if (!temp_home)
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+
-+ strcpy (profile, temp_home);
-+ strcat (profile, "/.mh_profile");
-+
-+ if (fp)
-+ fclose (fp);
-+
-+ fp = fopen (profile, "r");
-+ if (fp == (FILE *)NULL)
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+
-+ while (fgets (buf, 512, fp) != (char *)NULL) /* XXX */
-+ {
-+ if ((bp = strstr (buf, "Path:")) != (char *)NULL)
-+ {
-+ bp += 5;
-+ while (whitespace (*bp))
-+ bp++;
-+
-+ if (*bp == '\0')
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+
-+ temp_path = (char *)xmalloc (3 + strlen (bp) + strlen (temp_home));
-+
-+ strcpy (temp_path, temp_home);
-+ strcat (temp_path, "/");
-+ strcat (temp_path, bp);
-+
-+ bp = temp_path;
-+
-+ while (!(cr_whitespace (*bp)))
-+ bp++;
-+
-+ *bp = '\0';
-+
-+ return temp_path;
-+ }
-+ }
-+
-+ return ((char *)NULL);
-+ }
-+
-+ /* Expand FILENAME if it begins with a plus. This always returns
-+ a new string. */
-+ char *
-+ plus_expand (filename)
-+ char *filename;
-+ {
-+ static char *dirname = (char *)NULL;
-+
-+ if (filename && *filename == '+')
-+ {
-+ char *mh_path = get_mh_path ();
-+
-+ if (filename[1] == '/' || filename[1] == '.')
-+ {
-+ dirname = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (filename));
-+
-+ strcpy(dirname, filename+1);
-+
-+ return dirname;
-+ }
-+
-+ if (mh_path)
-+ {
-+ dirname = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (filename) + strlen (mh_path));
-+
-+ strcpy (dirname, mh_path);
-+ strcat (dirname, "/");
-+ strcat (dirname, filename+1);
-+
-+ return dirname;
-+ }
-+ }
-+ return (char *)NULL;
-+ }
-
- \f
- /*
-
-----
CHANGES,NEWS
- updated for bash-5.3-beta
+
+ 12/15
+ -----
+lib/readline/histexpand.c
+ - get_history_event: make sure we don't change history_offset whether
+ the search succeeds or fails, don't set it to history_length.
+ Callers don't expect to have the history offset changed out from
+ under them.
+ Fixes bug reported by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+ 12/16
+ -----
+lib/readline/util.c
+ - _rl_abort_internal: make sure to clear _rl_command_to_execute
+ Report and patch from Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+tests/printf7.sub,tests/cond-regexp2.sub
+ - accommodate different error messages across different systems
+
+ 1/2/2025
+ --------
+tests/run-all, tests/run-minimal
+ - BASHOPTS: unset or unexport as appropriate, same as SHELLOPTS
+ From a report by Martin D Kealey <martin@kurahaupo.gen.nz>
+
+ 1/9
+ ---
+subst.c
+ - string_extract_verbatim: take into account the fact that CTLESC can
+ quote multibyte characters; use ADVANCE_CHAR instead of increment
+ Fixes bug reported by jktseug@gmail.com
+
+ 1/10
+ ----
+expr.c
+ - expr_bind_variable,expr_streval: suppress additional expansion if
+ called by the `let' builtin, whether or not array_expand_once is set
+ - expr_skipsubscript: suppress expansion while parsing subscripts
+ whether array_expand_once is set or not
+ Still have to change tests if this goes final
+ These are all conditional on shell_compatibility_level > 51
+ From a bug-bash post by Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org>
+
+ 1/14
+ ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - _rl_export_completions: use print_filename instead of fprintf to
+ display the possible completions so slashes and file types can
+ be included
+ From a patch from Matthew Tromp <matthewktromp@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/15
+ ----
+examples/loadables/fltexpr.c
+ - fltexpr: new loadable builtin to do floating-point arithmetic
+ expression evaluation and optionally print the result
+
+ 1/16
+ ----
+builtins/printf.def
+ - getarg(), advancearg(): cosmetic changes to make it easier to
+ implement %N$ format specifiers in the future
+
+ 1/18
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - array_length_reference: requesting the length of an element of an
+ unset variable using array syntax is a fatal error when `set -u'
+ is enabled and the subscript is not `@' or `*'.
+ Inspired by a report from Ian Kelling <iank@fsf.org>
+
+ 1/20
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - decode_prompt_string: since Debian has made the spectaculary bad call
+ to allow arbitrary characters in usernames, protect the results of
+ the \u expansion in the same way as \[Ww] and \[Hh] (externally-
+ controlled data)
+ From https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10496
+
+ 1/21
+ ----
+eval.c
+ - reader_loop: if we longjmp with ERREXIT, don't reset any local
+ function contexts in posix mode, since POSIX says to exit as if
+ executing the `exit builtin with no arguments'. Revision of change
+ from 7/2022.
+ From a report by Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name> in 11/2024
+
+lib/readline/display.c
+ - rl_redisplay: after calling update_line, when putting the cursor
+ where it needs to be and reprinting part of the line with the
+ prompt that contains invisible characters, make sure we start to
+ output characters at the portion in the prompt buffer that begins
+ on the current line and only offset by the number of invisible
+ characters on the current line, and set _rl_last_c_pos accordingly
+ in both multibyte and singlebyte locales.
+ Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
+
+ 1/22
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_builtin_or_function: if we're executing the exec builtin,
+ and there are redirections, let exec_builtin handle disposing of
+ redirection_undo_list if there is no program name to execute, so
+ it's still there if exec returns and doesn't exit the shell.
+ Then we can manage disposing of exec_redirection_undo_list and
+ letting the redirections be undone as normal.
+ This is POSIX interp 1896, with modifications from
+ https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1896#c7037
+
+builtins/exec.def
+ - exec_builtin: dispose of redirection_undo_list and set it to NULL
+ if there is no program name operand; let execute_builtin_or_function
+ clean it up
+
+ 1/23
+ ----
+lib/readline/terminal.c
+ - _rl_tcgetwinsize,_rl_tcsetwinsize: function wrappers for tcgetwinsize/
+ tcsetwinsize with fallbacks to ioctl if those functions aren't
+ available
+ - _rl_get_screensize: use _rl_tcgetwinsize
+
+lib/readline/rlwinsize.h
+ - _rl_tcgetwinsize,_rl_tcsetwinsize: extern function declarations
+
+lib/readine/rltty.c
+ - set_winsize: use _rl_tcgetwinsize/_rl_tcsetwinsize
+ - set_winsize: if _rl_tcgetwinsize succeeds, use the values to set
+ readline's idea of the screen size via _rl_set_screen_size
+ Inspired by a discussion with Olav Mørkrid <omega@funker.no>
+
+ 1/24
+ ----
+lib/readline/signals.c
+ - _rl_handling_signal: new private variable, set to the signal we're
+ currently handling in _rl_signal_handler (SIGWINCH) or
+ _rl_handle_signal (all others). Only valid if RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER
+ is set
+
+lib/readline/rlprivate.h
+ - _rl_handling_signal: new extern declaration
+
+lib/readline/rltty.c
+ - set_winsize: only set readline's idea of the screen size if we're
+ executing in a signal handler context and handling SIGTSTP and the
+ application has indicated that it doesn't want the environment
+ variables LINES and COLUMNS to have priority (rl_prefer_env_winsize)
+
+ 1/30
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - wait_for_single_pid: if wait_for returns -1/ECHILD, make sure to
+ return 257 just as if the child was not found, optionally printing
+ an error message if JWAIT_PERROR is supplied
+ From a discussion with Ian <saturns_rings@protonmail.com>
+
+ 2/8
+ ---
+redir.c
+ - do_redirection_internal: keep track of whether the redirector fd
+ was active with a new variable. Not used yet, should be optimized
+ out.
+ - add_undo_fd_redirect: new undo function using r_move_input so we
+ don't need a dup redir and a separate close redir to undo. Not
+ used yet
+ - do_redirection_internal: only call check_bash_input if we're
+ creating an undo list and not running one
+
+command.h
+ - OUTPUT_REDIRECT: add r_output_force
+
+input.c
+ - check_bash_input: if we dup the bash input fd to another in
+ save_bash_input, return that fd. Continue to return -1 on error
+ and 0 if we don't do anything but sync
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_null_command: force a subshell if any of the redirections
+ involve the bash input buffered fd.
+ From a report by Martin D Kealey <martin@kurahaupo.gen.nz>
+
+ 2/10
+ ----
+
+examples/loadables/chmod.c
+ - chmod: new loadable builtin, inspired by zhixu.liu@gmail.com in
+ https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10499
+
+ 2/11
+ ----
+builtins/kill.def
+ - kill_builtin: in posix mode, return a failure status if any of the
+ pid/job arguments are not found or sending the signal fails. This
+ is consistent with
+ https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/utilities/kill.html#tag_20_64_14
+
+ 2/12
+ ----
+braces.c
+ - brace_gobbler: take a new argument in which to return the type of
+ brace expansion (comma or sequence) we think we've found; change
+ all callers
+ - brace_expand: even if we find a BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, don't try to
+ perform expansion if brace_gobbler doesn't think we have a
+ BRACE_COMMA expansion
+ - valid_seqterm: new function, performs minimal validation on a
+ sequence expansion, used to skip over invalid sequence expressions
+ in brace_expand
+ - brace_expand: call valid_seqterm if brace_gobbler finds a BRACE_SEQ
+ expansion
+ Inspired by report from Robert Elz <kre@munnari.oz.au>
+
+ 2/13
+ ----
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - clarified the handling of double quotes in EXPRESSION in
+ (( EXPRESSION )) and $(( EXPRESSION )) to say that only unescaped
+ double quotes are removed
+
+expr.c
+ - expr_bind_variable,expr_streval: revert change from 1/10 that
+ suppresses additional expansion when called by the `let' builtin,
+ tag for possible inclusion in a future release when I can look
+ at parallel changes to ((...)) and $((...)) (and probably
+ declare 'a[" "]=12' or similar)
+
+ 2/14
+ ----
+
+lib/sh/zmapfd.c,externs.h
+ - zmapfd: now returns ssize_t in case of large files when size_t is
+ larger than int
+
+builtins/evalfile.c,builtins/help.def
+ - zmapfd: changed callers
+
+print_cmd.c
+ - print_redirection: the default file descriptor for <> is 0
+ Report and fix from Emanuele Torre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
+
+ 2/18
+ ----
+configure.ac
+ - check for d_type member of struct dirent for future use
+
+ 2/24
+ ----
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - document the word expansions performed on indexed array subscripts
+ and assoc array keys
+ - document the possibility and effect of empty strings on arithmetic
+ evaluation for substring expansion, arithmetic expansion, operands
+ to the the [[ command's arithmetic operators, the expression in
+ the (( compound command, and indexed array subscripts
+
+ 2/24
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_command_internal: if executing a (...) subshell, make sure
+ to update BASH_COMMAND before exiting on an error return from the
+ subshell with -e set
+ Report from Max Bowsher <maxbowsher@gmail.com>
+
+ 3/3
+ ---
+redir.c
+ - here_document_to_fd: if we are trying to use a pipe for a here
+ document, but the F_GETPIPE_SZ fcntl returns a value shorter than
+ the here document length, make sure to close the pipe file descriptors
+
+builtins/ulimit.def
+ - pipesize: use pathconf and _PC_PIPE_BUF if available
+
+ 3/8
+ ---
+braces.c
+ - brace_expand: make sure to call valid_seqterm with the right length
+ so that text[tlen] == '}'
+
+ 3/10
+ ----
+builtins/help.def
+ - show_manpage: if the first line of long_doc doesn't contain a
+ newline, e.g., if it's a loadable builtin, add one so there's the
+ usual space between NAME and SYNOPSIS
+
+m4/codeset.m4
+ - define HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+
+lib/sh/strftime.c
+ - updates for locale-awareness
+
+ 3/14
+ ----
+lib/termcap/termcap.c,lib/termcap/tparam.c
+ - updates for ISO C
+
+ 3/17
+ ----
+configure.ac
+ - update release to rc1, update CHANGES and NEWS
+
+ 3/19
+ ----
+lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
+ - _rl_wcwidth: make sure wchar_t constants have an `L' prefix
+
+ 3/24
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - function_substitute: set temporary_env to NULL (we've already
+ set up an unwind-protect for it) before pushing the context, so
+ pop_context doesn't free it out from underneath the caller.
+ Report from Emanuele Torre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
+
+ 3/27
+ ----
+shell.c
+ - set_bash_input: if the call to with_input_from_buffered_stream does
+ not result in a valid buffer corresponding to the file descriptor,
+ print an error message and set last_command_exit_value
+ From a report in https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?10512
+
+ 4/3
+ ---
+lib/sh/gettimeofday.c
+ - updated from version in gnulib
+
+[bash-5.3-rc1 frozen]
m4/bison.m4 f
m4/c-bool.m4 f
m4/codeset.m4 f
+m4/d-type.m4 f
m4/extern-inline.m4 f
m4/fcntl-o.m4 f
m4/flexmember.m4 f
po/sk.gmo f
po/sk.po f
po/sl.gmo f
+po/sq.po f
+po/sq.gmo f
po/sr.po f
po/sr.gmo f
po/sl.po f
examples/loadables/getconf.c f
examples/loadables/fdflags.c f
examples/loadables/finfo.c f
+examples/loadables/fltexpr.c f
examples/loadables/cat.c f
+examples/loadables/chmod.c f
examples/loadables/csv.c f
examples/loadables/dsv.c f
examples/loadables/kv.c f
tests/arith7.sub f
tests/arith8.sub f
tests/arith9.sub f
+tests/arith10.sub f
tests/array.tests f
tests/array.right f
tests/array1.sub f
tests/exec14.sub f
tests/exec15.sub f
tests/exec16.sub f
+tests/exec17.sub f
tests/exp.tests f
tests/exp.right f
tests/exp1.sub f
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# Master Manifest file for documentation-only distribution
-#
-doc d
-MANIFEST.doc f
-doc/article.ps f
-doc/rose94.ps f
-doc/bash.ps f
-doc/bashbug.ps f
-doc/builtins.ps f
-doc/rbash.ps f
-doc/bashref.ps f
-doc/bashref.dvi f
-doc/bash.0 f
-doc/bashbug.0 f
-doc/builtins.0 f
-doc/rbash.0 f
-doc/article.txt f
-doc/bash.html f
-doc/bashref.html f
-doc/article.pdf f
-doc/bash.pdf f
-doc/bashref.pdf f
-doc/rose94.pdf f
# Makefile for bash-5.3, version 5.8
#
-# Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1996-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
expr.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h flags.h execute_cmd.h
expr.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
expr.o: assoc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ocache.h ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
+expr.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(DEFDIR)/builtext.h
findcmd.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h
findcmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h
findcmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h
signal argument.
k. The `command' builtin preceding a declaration builtin (e.g., `declare')
- preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declation
+ preserves the special asisgnment statement parsing for the declaration
builtin. This is a new POSIX requirement.
l. `printf' uses the `alternate form' for %q and %Q to force single quoting.
-m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C)nas referring to wide strings
+m. `printf' now interprets %ls (%S) and %lc (%C) as referring to wide strings
and characters, respectively, when in a multibyte locale.
n. The shell can be compiled with a different default value for the
at configure time.
qq. Posix mode now forces job notifications to occur when the new edition of
- POSIX specifes (since it now specifies them).
+ POSIX specifies (since it now specifies them).
rr. Interactive shells don't print job notifications while sourcing scripts.
`top level' and would cause the trap to end (that is, not in a subshell).
This is from Posix interp 1602.
+vv. There is a new `fltexpr' builtin to perform floating-point arithmetic
+ similarly to `let'.
+
2. New Features in Readline
a. Output a newline if there is no prompt and readline reads an empty line.
case, anything bound to quoted-insert) to quote characters in the search
string.
-j. Documentation has been significantly updated.
+j. There is a new rl_print_keybinding function that prints the key bindings
+ for a single bindable function specified by name.
+
+k. Documentation has been significantly updated.
-k. New `force-meta-prefix' bindable variable, which forces the use of ESC as
+l. New `force-meta-prefix' bindable variable, which forces the use of ESC as
the meta prefix when using "\M-" in key bindings instead of overloading
convert-meta.
-l. The default value for `readline-colored-completion-prefix' no longer has a
+m. The default value for `readline-colored-completion-prefix' no longer has a
leading `.'; the original report was based on a misunderstanding.
-m. There is a new bindable command, `export-completions', which writes the
+n. There is a new bindable command, `export-completions', which writes the
possible completions for a word to the standard output in a defined format.
+o. Readline can reset its idea of the screen dimensions when executing after
+ a SIGCONT.
+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.2 since
the release of bash-5.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these
-areas so that it conforms more closely to the standard.
+areas so that it conforms more strictly to the standard.
Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing ‘set
-o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the startup
files.
-The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect:
+The following list is what's changed when POSIX mode is in effect:
1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set.
double-quoted string, even if the ‘histexpand’ option is enabled.
31. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash
- does not print the ‘function’ keyword unless necessary.
+ does not print the ‘function’ reserved word unless necessary.
32. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
expansion results in an invalid expression.
58. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’
prefix.
- 59. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
+ 59. The ‘kill’ builtin returns a failure status if any of the pid or
+ job arguments are invalid or if sending the specified signal to any
+ of them fails. In default mode, ‘kill’ returns success if the
+ signal was successfully sent to any of the specified processes.
+
+ 60. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers,
instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length
modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available.
- 60. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 61. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the ‘-P’ option.
- 61. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 62. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 62. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 64. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 64. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
+ 65. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
evaluating the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators.
- 65. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
+ 66. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain
cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards
compatibility.
- 66. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
+ 67. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
‘SIG’.
- 67. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 68. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use ‘-’ as the first argument.
- 68. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ 69. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
started, not just trapped signals.
- 69. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 70. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’.
- 70. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
+ 71. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
and ‘-f’ options.
- 71. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
+ 72. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’
variable, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
- 72. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
+ 73. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to
unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope
as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is
further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the
utility shall persist" behavior.
- 73. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
+ 74. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 74. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin returns it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
dnl
dnl Some derived from PDKSH 5.1.3 autoconf tests
dnl
-dnl Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
dnl
dnl
/* arrayfunc.c -- High-level array functions used by other parts of the shell. */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
return var;
nlist = expand_compound_array_assignment (var, value, flags);
- /* This is were we set ASS_NOEXPAND and ASS_ONEWORD if we need to, since
+ /* This is where we set ASS_NOEXPAND and ASS_ONEWORD if we need to, since
expand_compound_array_assignment performs word expansions. Honors
array_expand_once; allows @ and * as associative array keys. */
aflags = flags | (array_expand_once ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0) | ASS_ALLOWALLSUB;
/* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2020,2022-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2020,2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
`
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#define BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER ".."
+/* What kind of brace expansion do we think we have? brace_gobbler() decides. */
+#define BRACE_COMMA 0x01
+#define BRACE_SEQ 0x02
+#define BRACE_NONE 0x04
+
extern int asprintf (char **, const char *, ...) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 2, 3)));
/* Basic idea:
/* The character which is used to separate arguments. */
static const int brace_arg_separator = ',';
-static int brace_gobbler (char *, size_t, int *, int);
+static int brace_gobbler (char *, size_t, int *, int *, int);
static char **expand_amble (char *, size_t, int);
static char **expand_seqterm (char *, size_t);
+static int valid_seqterm (char *, size_t);
static char **mkseq (intmax_t, intmax_t, intmax_t, int, size_t);
static char **array_concat (char **, char **);
char **
brace_expand (char *text)
{
- register int start;
+ int start;
size_t tlen;
char *preamble, *postamble, *amble;
size_t alen;
char **tack, **result;
- int i, j, c, c1;
+ int i, j, c, c1, etype;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
tlen = strlen (text);
i = 0;
#if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
- c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */
+ c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, (int *)NULL, '{'); /* } */
#else
/* Make sure that when we exit this loop, c == 0 or text[i] begins a
valid brace expansion sequence. */
do
{
- c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '{'); /* } */
+ c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, (int *)NULL, '{'); /* } */
if (i >= tlen)
break;
c1 = c;
if (c)
{
start = j = i + 1; /* { */
- c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &j, '}');
+ c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &j, &etype, '}');
+#if 1
+ /* One alternative is to perform validity checking on the sequence
+ terms here. If the sequence expression is invalid, we just skip
+ over the open brace and go on, leaving other brace expressions in
+ the candidate sequence expression to be expanded. */
+ if (etype == BRACE_SEQ && valid_seqterm (text + start, j - start) == 0)
+ c = 0;
+#endif
+
if (c == 0) /* it's not */
{
i++;
/* Find the amble. This is the stuff inside this set of braces. */
start = ++i;
- c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, '}');
+ c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, &etype, '}');
/* What if there isn't a matching close brace? */
if (c == 0)
#if defined (SHELL)
INITIALIZE_MBSTATE;
- /* If the amble does not contain an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, then
- just return without doing any expansion. */
+ /* If the amble does not contain an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, and we
+ think we have a BRACE_COMMA-separated sequence, then do no expansion. */
j = 0;
while (amble[j])
{
continue;
}
- if (amble[j] == brace_arg_separator)
+ if (amble[j] == brace_arg_separator && etype == BRACE_COMMA)
break;
ADVANCE_CHAR (amble, alen, j);
}
- if (amble[j] == 0)
+ /* If we think we have a sequence expression, try to expand it. */
+ if (amble[j] == 0 && etype == BRACE_SEQ)
{
+ /* The other alternative (see call to valid_seqterm() above) is to
+ perform the validity checking in expand_seqterm(). If we do this,
+ and the sequence isn't valid, we just treat the entire candidate
+ sequence expansion as a single unexpanded string. */
tack = expand_seqterm (amble, alen);
if (tack)
goto add_tack;
c = 1;
while (c)
{
- c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, brace_arg_separator);
+ c = brace_gobbler (text, tlen, &i, (int *)NULL, brace_arg_separator);
#if defined (SHELL)
tem = substring (text, start, i);
#else
return (result);
}
+/* For now. */
+static int
+valid_seqterm (char *text, size_t tlen)
+{
+ char *t, *lhs, *rhs;
+ int lhs_t, rhs_t;
+ int c;
+
+ c = text[tlen]; /* XXX - text[tlen] == RBRACE */
+ text[tlen] = '\0'; /* don't be tricked by something later in the string */
+ t = strstr (text, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER);
+ text[tlen] = c;
+
+ if (t == 0)
+ return 0; /* invalid */
+
+ lhs = text;
+ rhs = t + sizeof(BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER) - 1;
+
+ /*{*/
+ if (lhs[0] == BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER[0] || rhs[0] == '}')
+ return 0; /* invalid */
+
+ /* Now figure out whether LHS and RHS are integers or letters. Both
+ sides have to match. Minimal checking here, just enough to throw out the
+ obvious invalid candidates. */
+ lhs_t = (ISDIGIT (lhs[0]) || ((lhs[0] == '+' || lhs[0] == '-') && ISDIGIT (lhs[1]))) ? ST_INT :
+ (ISALPHA (lhs[0]) && lhs[1] == '.') ? ST_CHAR : ST_BAD;
+
+ rhs_t = (ISDIGIT (rhs[0]) || ((rhs[0] == '+' || rhs[0] == '-') && ISDIGIT (rhs[1]))) ? ST_INT :
+/*{*/ (ISALPHA (rhs[0]) && (rhs[1] == '}' || rhs[1] == '.')) ? ST_CHAR : ST_BAD;
+
+ if (lhs_t != rhs_t || lhs_t == ST_BAD || rhs_t == ST_BAD)
+ return 0; /* invalid */
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
static char **
expand_seqterm (char *text, size_t tlen)
{
an inner set of braces.
*/
static int
-brace_gobbler (char *text, size_t tlen, int *indx, int satisfy)
+brace_gobbler (char *text, size_t tlen, int *indx, int *typep, int satisfy)
{
- register int i, c, quoted, level, commas, pass_next;
+ int i, c, quoted, level, commas, pass_next, btype;
#if defined (SHELL)
size_t si;
char *t;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
level = quoted = pass_next = 0;
+ btype = BRACE_NONE;
#if defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
commas = 1;
#else
level--;
#if !defined (CSH_BRACE_COMPAT)
else if (satisfy == '}' && c == brace_arg_separator && level == 0)
- commas++;
+ {
+ btype = BRACE_COMMA;
+ commas++;
+ }
else if (satisfy == '}' && STREQN (text+i, BRACE_SEQ_SPECIFIER, 2) &&
text[i+2] != satisfy && level == 0)
- commas++;
+ {
+ btype = BRACE_SEQ;
+ commas++;
+ }
#endif
#if defined (SHELL)
}
*indx = i;
+ if (typep)
+ *typep = btype;
return (c);
}
This file is exec.def, from which is created exec.c.
It implements the builtin "exec" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2021,2022,2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2021,2022,2024,2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
}
list = loptend;
- /* First, let the redirections remain. */
- dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
- redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
-
+ /* First, let the redirections remain if exec is called without operands */
if (list == 0)
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ {
+ dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
if (restricted)
This file is help.def, from which is created help.c.
It implements the builtin "help" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
static void
show_desc (char *name, int i)
{
- register int j, r;
+ int j;
+ ssize_t r;
char * const *doc, *line;
int fd, usefile;
if (fd < 0)
return;
r = zmapfd (fd, &line, doc[0]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: %s: %s", doc[0], _("read error"), strerror (errno));
+ free (line);
+ line = (char *)NULL;
+ }
close (fd);
- /* XXX - handle errors if zmapfd returns < 0 */
}
else
line = doc ? doc[0] : (char *)NULL;
show_manpage (char *name, int i)
{
register int j;
+ ssize_t r;
char * const *doc;
char *line;
int fd, usefile;
fd = open_helpfile (doc[0]);
if (fd < 0)
return;
- zmapfd (fd, &line, doc[0]);
+ r = zmapfd (fd, &line, doc[0]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: %s: %s", doc[0], _("read error"), strerror (errno));
+ free (line);
+ line = (char *)NULL;
+ }
close (fd);
}
else
if (line[j] == '\n')
break;
}
+ /* If the line doesn't end with a newline, e.g., if it's a loadable builtin,
+ add one. */
+ if (line[j] != '\n')
+ putchar ('\n');
printf ("\n");
/* SYNOPSIS */
This file is history.def, from which is created history.c.
It implements the builtin "history" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
result = read_history (filename);
history_lines_in_file = history_lines_read_from_file;
/* history_lines_in_file = where_history () + history_base - 1; */
+#if 0
+ /* Report read errors from the history library. */
+ if (result > 0)
+ builtin_error ("%s: %s: %s", filename, _("read error"), strerror (errno));
+#endif
}
else if (flags & NFLAG) /* Read `new' history from file. */
{
history_lines_in_file = history_lines_read_from_file;
/* history_lines_in_file = where_history () + history_base - 1; */
+#if 0
+ /* Report read errors from the history library. */
+ if (result > 0)
+ builtin_error ("%s: %s: %s", filename, _("read error"), strerror (errno));
+#endif
+
/* If we're rewriting the history file at shell exit rather than just
appending the lines from this session to it, the question is whether
we reset history_lines_this_session to 0, losing any history entries
+++ /dev/null
-This file is inlib.def, from which is created inlib.c.
-It implements the Apollo-specific builtin "inlib" in Bash.
-
-Copyright (C) 1987-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
-Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-(at your option) any later version.
-
-Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-$PRODUCES inlib.c
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "../shell.h"
-
-$BUILTIN inlib
-$FUNCTION inlib_builtin
-$DEPENDS_ON apollo
-$SHORT_DOC inlib pathname [pathname...]
-Install user-supplied library.
-
-Install a user-supplied library specified by pathname in the current
-shell process. The library is used to resolve external references
-in programs and libraries loaded after its installation. Note
-that the library is not loaded into the address space unless it is
-needed to resolve an external reference. The list of inlibed
-libraries is passed to all children of the current shell.
-
-Exit Status:
-Returns success unless PATHNAME is not found or an error occurs.
-$END
-
-#if defined (apollo)
-
-#include <apollo/base.h>
-#include <apollo/loader.h>
-
-inlib_builtin (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- status_$t status;
- int return_value;
- short len;
-
- if (!list)
- {
- builtin_usage ();
- return (EX_USAGE);
- }
-
- return_value = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
-
- while (list)
- {
- len = (short)strlen (list->word->word);
- loader_$inlib (list->word->word, len, &status);
-
- if (status.all != status_$ok)
- {
- builtin_error (_("%s: inlib failed"), list->word->word);
- return_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- }
-
- list = list->next;
- }
-
- return (return_value);
-}
-#endif /* apollo */
int
kill_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
- int sig, any_succeeded, listing, saw_signal, dflags;
+ int sig, any_succeeded, any_failed, listing, saw_signal, dflags;
char *sigspec, *word;
pid_t pid;
intmax_t pid_value;
}
CHECK_HELPOPT (list);
- any_succeeded = listing = saw_signal = 0;
+ any_succeeded = any_failed = listing = saw_signal = 0;
sig = SIGTERM;
sigspec = "TERM";
sh_invalidsig (sigspec);
else
kill_error (pid, errno);
+ any_failed++;
CONTINUE_OR_FAIL;
}
else
sh_invalidsig (sigspec);
else
kill_error (pid, errno);
+ any_failed++;
CONTINUE_OR_FAIL;
}
else
list = list->next;
}
- return (any_succeeded ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ if (posixly_correct)
+ return ((any_failed == 0) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ else
+ return (any_succeeded ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
}
static void
This file is printf.def, from which is created printf.c.
It implements the builtin "printf" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1997-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1997-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
static size_t vbsize;
static size_t vblen;
+/* printf format numbered argument support */
+static char **narg_argv;
+static int narg_argc;
+static int narg_maxind;
+static int narg_curind;
+
static intmax_t tw;
static char *conv_buf;
return (conv_buf);
}
+static inline char *
+getarg (void)
+{
+ return (garglist ? garglist->word->word : 0);
+}
+
+static inline void
+advancearg (void)
+{
+ garglist = garglist->next;
+}
+
static int
getchr (void)
{
int ret;
+ char *arg;
+
+ arg = getarg ();
- if (garglist == 0)
+ if (arg == 0)
return ('\0');
- ret = (int)garglist->word->word[0];
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ ret = (int)arg[0];
+
+ advancearg ();
return ret;
}
{
char *ret;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ ret = getarg ();
+ if (ret == 0)
return ("");
- ret = garglist->word->word;
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return ret;
}
getint (int overflow_retval)
{
intmax_t ret;
- char *ep;
+ char *ep, *arg;
int overflow;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ arg = getarg ();
+
+ if (arg == 0)
return (0);
- if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
+ if (arg[0] == '\'' || arg[0] == '"')
return asciicode ();
errno = 0;
- ret = strtoimax (garglist->word->word, &ep, 0);
+ ret = strtoimax (arg, &ep, 0);
if (overflow = (errno == ERANGE) || (ret < INT_MIN || ret > INT_MAX))
errno = ERANGE; /* force errno */
- chk_converror (garglist->word->word, ep);
+ chk_converror (arg, ep);
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (overflow ? overflow_retval : (int)ret);
}
getintmax (void)
{
intmax_t ret;
- char *ep;
+ char *ep, *arg;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ arg = getarg ();
+
+ if (arg == 0)
return (0);
- if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
+ if (arg[0] == '\'' || arg[0] == '"')
return asciicode ();
errno = 0;
- ret = strtoimax (garglist->word->word, &ep, 0);
+ ret = strtoimax (arg, &ep, 0);
- chk_converror (garglist->word->word, ep);
+ chk_converror (arg, ep);
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ret);
}
getuintmax (void)
{
uintmax_t ret;
- char *ep;
+ char *ep, *arg;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ arg = getarg ();
+
+ if (arg == 0)
return (0);
- if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
+ if (arg[0] == '\'' || arg[0] == '"')
return asciicode ();
errno = 0;
- ret = strtoumax (garglist->word->word, &ep, 0);
+ ret = strtoumax (arg, &ep, 0);
- chk_converror (garglist->word->word, ep);
+ chk_converror (arg, ep);
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ret);
}
getdouble (void)
{
double ret;
- char *ep;
+ char *ep, *arg;
+
+ arg = getarg ();
- if (garglist == 0)
+ if (arg == 0)
return (0);
- if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
+ if (arg[0] == '\'' || arg[0] == '"')
return asciicode ();
errno = 0;
- ret = strtod (garglist->word->word, &ep);
+ ret = strtod (arg, &ep);
- chk_converror (garglist->word->word, ep);
+ chk_converror (arg, ep);
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ret);
}
getfloatmax (void)
{
floatmax_t ret;
- char *ep;
+ char *ep, *arg;
+
+ arg = getarg ();
- if (garglist == 0)
+ if (arg == 0)
return (0);
- if (garglist->word->word[0] == '\'' || garglist->word->word[0] == '"')
+ if (arg[0] == '\'' || arg[0] == '"')
return asciicode ();
errno = 0;
- ret = strtofltmax (garglist->word->word, &ep);
+ ret = strtofltmax (arg, &ep);
- chk_converror (garglist->word->word, ep);
+ chk_converror (arg, ep);
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ret);
}
asciicode (void)
{
register intmax_t ch;
+ char *arg;
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
wchar_t wc;
size_t slen, mblength;
#endif
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+ arg = getarg ();
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- slen = strlen (garglist->word->word+1);
+ slen = strlen (arg+1);
wc = 0;
- mblength = mbrtowc (&wc, garglist->word->word+1, slen, &state);
+ mblength = mbrtowc (&wc, arg+1, slen, &state);
if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength) == 0)
ch = wc; /* XXX */
else
#endif
- ch = (unsigned char)garglist->word->word[1];
+ ch = (unsigned char)arg[1];
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ch);
}
wchar_t *ws;
const char *mbs;
size_t slen, mblength;
+ char *arg;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ arg = getarg ();
+ if (arg == 0)
{
if (lenp)
*lenp = 0;
return NULL;
}
- mbs = garglist->word->word;
+ mbs = arg;
slen = strlen (mbs);
ws = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((slen + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
mblength = mbsrtowcs (ws, &mbs, slen + 1, &state);
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < slen; i++)
- ws[i] = (wchar_t)garglist->word->word[i];
+ ws[i] = (wchar_t)arg[i];
ws[slen] = L'\0';
if (lenp)
*lenp = slen;
}
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (ws);
}
{
wchar_t wc;
size_t slen, mblength;
+ char *arg;
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
- if (garglist == 0)
+ arg = getarg ();
+ if (arg == 0)
return L'\0';
wc = 0;
- mblength = mbrtowc (&wc, garglist->word->word, locale_mb_cur_max, &state);
+ mblength = mbrtowc (&wc, arg, locale_mb_cur_max, &state);
if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
- wc = (wchar_t)garglist->word->word[0];
+ wc = (wchar_t)arg[0];
- garglist = garglist->next;
+ advancearg ();
return (wc);
}
This file is shopt.def, from which is created shopt.c.
It implements the Bash `shopt' builtin.
-Copyright (C) 1994-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1994-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#define UNSETOPT 0
#define SETOPT 1
-#define OPTFMT "%-15s\t%s\n"
+#define OPTFMT "%-20s\t%s\n"
extern int allow_null_glob_expansion, fail_glob_expansion, glob_dot_filenames;
extern int cdable_vars, mail_warning, source_uses_path;
This file is ulimit.def, from which is created ulimit.c.
It implements the builtin "ulimit" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
# define RLIMIT_FILESIZE 256
#endif
-#define RLIMIT_PIPESIZE 257
+#ifndef RLIMIT_PIPESIZE
+# define RLIMIT_PIPESIZE 257
+#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
# define RLIMIT_OPENFILES RLIMIT_NOFILE
#endif
}
+/* The longtime problem here is that PIPE_BUF has atomicity restrictions, and
+ is not the true pipe capacity. Only a few systems can retrieve this at
+ runtime. */
static int
pipesize (RLIMTYPE *valuep)
{
+#if defined (HAVE_PATHCONF) && defined (_PC_PIPE_BUF)
+ long r;
+
+ r = pathconf (".", _PC_PIPE_BUF);
+ if (r >= 0)
+ {
+ *valuep = (RLIMTYPE) r;
+ return 0;
+ }
+#endif
#if defined (PIPE_BUF)
/* This is defined on Posix systems. */
*valuep = (RLIMTYPE) PIPE_BUF;
perm |= S_IWUGO;
break;
case 'X':
- /* for chmod, this includes S_ISDIR but that doesn't make sense here */
+ /* for chmod, this includes S_ISDIR but that doesn't make sense for umask */
+#if defined (S_IFDIR)
+ if (this_shell_builtin != umask_builtin && (initial_bits & S_IFDIR) == 0)
+ break;
+#endif
if ((initial_bits & S_IXUGO) == 0)
break; /* no-op if original mask doesn't include execute bits */
/* FALLTHROUGH */
(ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_err_and_out)
#define OUTPUT_REDIRECT(ri) \
- (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_input_output || ri == r_err_and_out || ri == r_append_err_and_out)
+ (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_input_output || ri == r_err_and_out || ri == r_append_err_and_out || ri == r_output_force)
#define INPUT_REDIRECT(ri) \
(ri == r_input_direction || ri == r_inputa_direction || ri == r_input_output)
#undef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN
+#undef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
+
#undef TIOCSTAT_IN_SYS_IOCTL
#undef FIONREAD_IN_SYS_IOCTL
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.ac for Bash 5.3, version 5.074.
+# From configure.ac for Bash 5.3, version 5.076.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72 for bash 5.3-beta.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72 for bash 5.3-rc1.
#
# Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
#
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='5.3-beta'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.3-beta'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='5.3-rc1'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.3-rc1'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
PACKAGE_URL=''
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-'configure' configures bash 5.3-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+'configure' configures bash 5.3-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.3-beta:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.3-rc1:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 5.3-beta
+bash configure 5.3-rc1
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 5.3-beta, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 5.3-rc1, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72. Invocation command line was
$ $0$ac_configure_args_raw
BASHVERS=5.3
-RELSTATUS=beta
+RELSTATUS=rc1
case "$RELSTATUS" in
alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
+# d-type.m4
+# serial 12
+
+
+
+
{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for an ANSI C-conforming const" >&5
printf %s "checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... " >&6; }
LIBS=$save_LIBS
test $gl_pthread_api = yes && break
done
- echo "$as_me:9225: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5
- echo "$as_me:9226: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9231: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9232: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5
gl_pthread_in_glibc=no
# On Linux with glibc >= 2.34, libc contains the fully functional
;;
esac
- echo "$as_me:9252: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9258: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5
# Test for libpthread by looking for pthread_kill. (Not pthread_self,
# since it is defined as a macro on OSF/1.)
fi
fi
- echo "$as_me:9430: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9436: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5
fi
{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether POSIX threads API is available" >&5
printf %s "checking whether POSIX threads API is available... " >&6; }
LIBS=$save_LIBS
test $gl_pthread_api = yes && break
done
- echo "$as_me:9677: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5
- echo "$as_me:9678: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9683: gl_pthread_api=$gl_pthread_api" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9684: LIBPTHREAD=$LIBPTHREAD" >&5
gl_pthread_in_glibc=no
# On Linux with glibc >= 2.34, libc contains the fully functional
;;
esac
- echo "$as_me:9704: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9710: gl_pthread_in_glibc=$gl_pthread_in_glibc" >&5
# Test for libpthread by looking for pthread_kill. (Not pthread_self,
# since it is defined as a macro on OSF/1.)
fi
fi
- echo "$as_me:9882: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5
+ echo "$as_me:9888: LIBPMULTITHREAD=$LIBPMULTITHREAD" >&5
fi
{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether POSIX threads API is available" >&5
printf %s "checking whether POSIX threads API is available... " >&6; }
{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $am_cv_langinfo_codeset" >&5
printf "%s\n" "$am_cv_langinfo_codeset" >&6; }
if test $am_cv_langinfo_codeset = yes; then
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_NL_LANGINFO 1" >>confdefs.h
+
printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1" >>confdefs.h
fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for d_type member in directory struct" >&5
+printf %s "checking for d_type member in directory struct... " >&6; }
+if test ${gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type+y}
+then :
+ printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else case e in #(
+ e) cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+struct dirent dp; dp.d_type = 0;
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+then :
+ gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type=yes
+else case e in #(
+ e) gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+
+ ;;
+esac
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type" >&6; }
+ if test $gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type = yes; then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+ fi
+
+
{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for struct winsize in sys/ioctl.h and termios.h" >&5
printf %s "checking for struct winsize in sys/ioctl.h and termios.h... " >&6; }
if test ${bash_cv_struct_winsize_header+y}
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.3-beta, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.3-rc1, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped'
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 5.3-beta
+bash config.status 5.3-rc1
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.72,
with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
dnl
dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-# Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.3, version 5.074])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.3, version 5.076])dnl
define(bashvers, 5.3)
-define(relstatus, beta)
+define(relstatus, rc1)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
m4_include([m4/host-cpu-c-abi.m4])
m4_include([m4/c-bool.m4])
+m4_include([m4/d-type.m4])
dnl C compiler characteristics
AC_C_CONST
BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO
BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO
BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN
+gl_CHECK_TYPE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
BASH_STRUCT_WINSIZE
BASH_STRUCT_TIMEVAL
AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
+++ /dev/null
-dnl
-dnl Configure script for bash-4.2
-dnl
-dnl report bugs to chet@po.cwru.edu
-dnl
-dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-
-# Copyright (C) 1987-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.037])dnl
-
-define(bashvers, 4.2)
-define(relstatus, release)
-
-AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
-
-dnl make sure we are using a recent autoconf version
-AC_PREREQ(2.50)
-
-AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(shell.h)
-dnl where to find install.sh, config.sub, and config.guess
-AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(./support)
-AC_CONFIG_HEADERS(config.h)
-
-dnl checks for version info
-BASHVERS=bashvers
-RELSTATUS=relstatus
-
-dnl defaults for debug settings
-case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
-*) DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG= ;;
-esac
-
-dnl canonicalize the host and os so we can do some tricky things before
-dnl parsing options
-AC_CANONICAL_HOST
-
-dnl configure defaults
-opt_bash_malloc=yes
-opt_purify=no
-opt_purecov=no
-opt_afs=no
-opt_curses=no
-opt_with_installed_readline=no
-
-#htmldir=
-
-dnl some systems should be configured without the bash malloc by default
-dnl and some need a special compiler or loader
-dnl look in the NOTES file for more
-case "${host_cpu}-${host_os}" in
-alpha*-*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # alpha running osf/1 or linux
-*[[Cc]]ray*-*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Crays
-*-osf1*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # other osf/1 machines
-sparc-svr4*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # sparc SVR4, SVR4.2
-sparc-netbsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # needs 8-byte alignment
-mips-irix6*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # needs 8-byte alignment
-m68k-sysv) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # fixes file descriptor leak in closedir
-sparc-linux*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # sparc running linux; requires ELF
-#*-freebsd*-gnu) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # there's some undetermined problem here
-#*-freebsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they claim it's better; I disagree
-*-openbsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they claim it needs eight-bit alignment
-*-aix*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # AIX machines
-*-nextstep*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # NeXT machines running NeXTstep
-*-macos*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple MacOS X
-*-rhapsody*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple Rhapsody (MacOS X)
-*-darwin*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple Darwin (MacOS X)
-*-dgux*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # DG/UX machines
-*-qnx*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # QNX 4.2, QNX 6.x
-*-machten4) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # MachTen 4.x
-*-bsdi2.1|*-bsdi3.?) opt_bash_malloc=no ; : ${CC:=shlicc2} ;; # for loadable builtins
-*-beos*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they say it's suitable
-*-cygwin*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Cygnus's CYGWIN environment
-*-opennt*|*-interix*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Interix, now owned by Microsoft
-esac
-
-# memory scrambling on free()
-case "${host_os}" in
-sco3.2v5*|sco3.2v4*) opt_memscramble=no ;;
-*) opt_memscramble=yes ;;
-esac
-
-dnl
-dnl macros for the bash debugger
-dnl
-dnl AM_PATH_LISPDIR
-AC_ARG_VAR(DEBUGGER_START_FILE, [location of bash debugger initialization file])
-
-dnl arguments to configure
-dnl packages
-AC_ARG_WITH(afs, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-afs], [if you are running AFS]), opt_afs=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(bash-malloc, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-bash-malloc], [use the Bash version of malloc]), opt_bash_malloc=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(curses, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-curses], [use the curses library instead of the termcap library]), opt_curses=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(gnu-malloc, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-gnu-malloc], [synonym for --with-bash-malloc]), opt_bash_malloc=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(installed-readline, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-installed-readline], [use a version of the readline library that is already installed]), opt_with_installed_readline=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(purecov, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-purecov], [configure to postprocess with pure coverage]), opt_purecov=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(purify, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-purify], [configure to postprocess with purify]), opt_purify=$withval)
-
-if test "$opt_bash_malloc" = yes; then
- MALLOC_TARGET=malloc
- MALLOC_SRC=malloc.c
-
- MALLOC_LIB='-lmalloc'
- MALLOC_LIBRARY='$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)/libmalloc.a'
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS='-L$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)'
- MALLOC_DEP='$(MALLOC_LIBRARY)'
-
- AC_DEFINE(USING_BASH_MALLOC)
-else
- MALLOC_LIB=
- MALLOC_LIBRARY=
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS=
- MALLOC_DEP=
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_purify" = yes; then
- PURIFY="purify "
- AC_DEFINE(DISABLE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS)
-else
- PURIFY=
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_purecov" = yes; then
- PURIFY="${PURIFY}purecov"
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_afs" = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(AFS)
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_curses" = yes; then
- prefer_curses=yes
-fi
-
-if test -z "${DEBUGGER_START_FILE}"; then
- DEBUGGER_START_FILE='${datadir}/bashdb/bashdb-main.inc'
-fi
-
-dnl optional shell features in config.h.in
-opt_minimal_config=no
-
-opt_job_control=yes
-opt_alias=yes
-opt_readline=yes
-opt_history=yes
-opt_bang_history=yes
-opt_dirstack=yes
-opt_restricted=yes
-opt_process_subst=yes
-opt_prompt_decoding=yes
-opt_select=yes
-opt_help=yes
-opt_array_variables=yes
-opt_dparen_arith=yes
-opt_extended_glob=yes
-opt_brace_expansion=yes
-opt_disabled_builtins=no
-opt_command_timing=yes
-opt_xpg_echo=no
-opt_strict_posix=no
-opt_cond_command=yes
-opt_cond_regexp=yes
-opt_coproc=yes
-opt_arith_for_command=yes
-opt_net_redirs=yes
-opt_progcomp=yes
-opt_separate_help=no
-opt_multibyte=yes
-opt_debugger=yes
-opt_single_longdoc_strings=yes
-opt_casemod_attrs=yes
-opt_casemod_expansions=yes
-opt_extglob_default=no
-
-dnl options that affect how bash is compiled and linked
-opt_static_link=no
-opt_profiling=no
-
-dnl argument parsing for optional features
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(minimal-config, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-minimal-config], [a minimal sh-like configuration]), opt_minimal_config=$enableval)
-
-dnl a minimal configuration turns everything off, but features can be
-dnl added individually
-if test $opt_minimal_config = yes; then
- opt_job_control=no opt_alias=no opt_readline=no
- opt_history=no opt_bang_history=no opt_dirstack=no
- opt_restricted=no opt_process_subst=no opt_prompt_decoding=no
- opt_select=no opt_help=no opt_array_variables=no opt_dparen_arith=no
- opt_brace_expansion=no opt_disabled_builtins=no opt_command_timing=no
- opt_extended_glob=no opt_cond_command=no opt_arith_for_command=no
- opt_net_redirs=no opt_progcomp=no opt_separate_help=no
- opt_multibyte=yes opt_cond_regexp=no opt_coproc=no
- opt_casemod_attrs=no opt_casemod_expansions=no opt_extglob_default=no
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(alias, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-alias], [enable shell aliases]), opt_alias=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(arith-for-command, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-arith-for-command], [enable arithmetic for command]), opt_arith_for_command=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(array-variables, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-array-variables], [include shell array variables]), opt_array_variables=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(bang-history, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-bang-history], [turn on csh-style history substitution]), opt_bang_history=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(brace-expansion, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-brace-expansion], [include brace expansion]), opt_brace_expansion=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(casemod-attributes, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-casemod-attributes], [include case-modifying variable attributes]), opt_casemod_attrs=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(casemod-expansions, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-casemod-expansions], [include case-modifying word expansions]), opt_casemod_expansions=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(command-timing, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-command-timing], [enable the time reserved word and command timing]), opt_command_timing=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(cond-command, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-cond-command], [enable the conditional command]), opt_cond_command=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(cond-regexp, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-cond-regexp], [enable extended regular expression matching in conditional commands]), opt_cond_regexp=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(coprocesses, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-coprocesses], [enable coprocess support and the coproc reserved word]), opt_coproc=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(debugger, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-debugger], [enable support for bash debugger]), opt_debugger=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(directory-stack, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-directory-stack], [enable builtins pushd/popd/dirs]), opt_dirstack=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(disabled-builtins, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-disabled-builtins], [allow disabled builtins to still be invoked]), opt_disabled_builtins=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(dparen-arithmetic, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-dparen-arithmetic], [include ((...)) command]), opt_dparen_arith=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(extended-glob, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-extended-glob], [include ksh-style extended pattern matching]), opt_extended_glob=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(extended-glob-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-extended-glob-default], [force extended pattern matching to be enabled by default]), opt_extglob_default=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(help-builtin, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-help-builtin], [include the help builtin]), opt_help=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(history, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-history], [turn on command history]), opt_history=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(job-control, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-job-control], [enable job control features]), opt_job_control=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(multibyte, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-multibyte], [enable multibyte characters if OS supports them]), opt_multibyte=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(net-redirections, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-net-redirections], [enable /dev/tcp/host/port redirection]), opt_net_redirs=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(process-substitution, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-process-substitution], [enable process substitution]), opt_process_subst=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(progcomp, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-progcomp], [enable programmable completion and the complete builtin]), opt_progcomp=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(prompt-string-decoding, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-prompt-string-decoding], [turn on escape character decoding in prompts]), opt_prompt_decoding=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(readline, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-readline], [turn on command line editing]), opt_readline=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(restricted, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-restricted], [enable a restricted shell]), opt_restricted=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(select, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-select], [include select command]), opt_select=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(separate-helpfiles, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-separate-helpfiles], [use external files for help builtin documentation]), opt_separate_help=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(single-help-strings, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-single-help-strings], [store help documentation as a single string to ease translation]), opt_single_longdoc_strings=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict-posix-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-strict-posix-default], [configure bash to be posix-conformant by default]), opt_strict_posix=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(usg-echo-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-usg-echo-default], [a synonym for --enable-xpg-echo-default]), opt_xpg_echo=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(xpg-echo-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-xpg-echo-default], [make the echo builtin expand escape sequences by default]), opt_xpg_echo=$enableval)
-
-dnl options that alter how bash is compiled and linked
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(mem-scramble, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-mem-scramble], [scramble memory on calls to malloc and free]), opt_memscramble=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(profiling, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-profiling], [allow profiling with gprof]), opt_profiling=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(static-link, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-static-link], [link bash statically, for use as a root shell]), opt_static_link=$enableval)
-
-dnl opt_job_control is handled later, after BASH_JOB_CONTROL_MISSING runs
-
-dnl opt_readline and opt_history are handled later, because AC_PROG_CC needs
-dnl to be run before we can check the version of an already-installed readline
-dnl library
-
-if test $opt_alias = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ALIAS)
-fi
-if test $opt_dirstack = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PUSHD_AND_POPD)
-fi
-if test $opt_restricted = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(RESTRICTED_SHELL)
-fi
-if test $opt_process_subst = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
-fi
-if test $opt_prompt_decoding = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
-fi
-if test $opt_select = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(SELECT_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_help = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(HELP_BUILTIN)
-fi
-if test $opt_array_variables = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ARRAY_VARS)
-fi
-if test $opt_dparen_arith = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
-fi
-if test $opt_brace_expansion = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(BRACE_EXPANSION)
-fi
-if test $opt_disabled_builtins = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DISABLED_BUILTINS)
-fi
-if test $opt_command_timing = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(COMMAND_TIMING)
-fi
-if test $opt_xpg_echo = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG)
-fi
-if test $opt_strict_posix = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(STRICT_POSIX)
-fi
-if test $opt_extended_glob = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(EXTENDED_GLOB)
-fi
-if test $opt_extglob_default = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, 1)
-else
-AC_DEFINE(EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, 0)
-fi
-if test $opt_cond_command = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(COND_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_cond_regexp = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(COND_REGEXP)
-fi
-if test $opt_coproc = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
-fi
-if test $opt_arith_for_command = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_net_redirs = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
-fi
-if test $opt_progcomp = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
-fi
-if test $opt_multibyte = no; then
-AC_DEFINE(NO_MULTIBYTE_SUPPORT)
-fi
-if test $opt_debugger = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DEBUGGER)
-fi
-if test $opt_casemod_attrs = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(CASEMOD_ATTRS)
-fi
-if test $opt_casemod_expansions = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
-fi
-
-if test $opt_memscramble = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(MEMSCRAMBLE)
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_minimal_config" = yes; then
- TESTSCRIPT=run-minimal
-else
- TESTSCRIPT=run-all
-fi
-
-HELPDIR= HELPDIRDEFINE= HELPINSTALL=
-if test "$opt_separate_help" != no; then
- if test "$opt_separate_help" = "yes" ; then
- HELPDIR='${datadir}/bash'
- else
- HELPDIR=$opt_separate_help
- fi
- HELPDIRDEFINE='-H ${HELPDIR}'
- HELPINSTALL='install-help'
-fi
-HELPSTRINGS=
-if test "$opt_single_longdoc_strings" != "yes"; then
- HELPSTRINGS='-S'
-fi
-
-dnl now substitute in the values generated by arguments
-AC_SUBST(TESTSCRIPT)
-AC_SUBST(PURIFY)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_TARGET)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_SRC)
-
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LIBRARY)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_DEP)
-
-AC_SUBST(htmldir)
-
-AC_SUBST(HELPDIR)
-AC_SUBST(HELPDIRDEFINE)
-AC_SUBST(HELPINSTALL)
-AC_SUBST(HELPSTRINGS)
-
-echo ""
-echo "Beginning configuration for bash-$BASHVERS-$RELSTATUS for ${host_cpu}-${host_vendor}-${host_os}"
-echo ""
-
-dnl compilation checks
-dnl AC_PROG_CC sets $cross_compiling to `yes' if cross-compiling for a
-dnl different environment
-AC_PROG_CC
-
-dnl test for Unix variants
-AC_ISC_POSIX
-AC_MINIX
-
-AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
-
-dnl BEGIN changes for cross-building (currently cygwin, minGW, and
-dnl (obsolete) BeOS)
-
-SIGNAMES_O=
-SIGNAMES_H=lsignames.h
-
-dnl load up the cross-building cache file -- add more cases and cache
-dnl files as necessary
-
-dnl Note that host and target machine are the same, and different than the
-dnl build machine.
-dnl Set SIGNAMES_H based on whether or not we're cross-compiling.
-
-CROSS_COMPILE=
-if test "x$cross_compiling" = "xyes"; then
- case "${host}" in
- *-cygwin*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/cygwin32.cache
- ;;
- *-mingw*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/cygwin32.cache
- ;;
- i[[3456]]86-*-beos*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/x86-beos.cache
- ;;
- *) echo "configure: cross-compiling for $host is not supported" >&2
- ;;
- esac
- if test -n "${cross_cache}" && test -r "${cross_cache}"; then
- echo "loading cross-build cache file ${cross_cache}"
- . ${cross_cache}
- fi
- unset cross_cache
- SIGNAMES_O='signames.o'
- CROSS_COMPILE='-DCROSS_COMPILING'
- AC_SUBST(CROSS_COMPILE)
-fi
-AC_SUBST(SIGNAMES_H)
-AC_SUBST(SIGNAMES_O)
-
-if test -z "$CC_FOR_BUILD"; then
- if test "x$cross_compiling" = "xno"; then
- CC_FOR_BUILD='$(CC)'
- else
- CC_FOR_BUILD=gcc
- fi
-fi
-AC_SUBST(CC_FOR_BUILD)
-
-dnl END changes for cross-building
-
-dnl We want these before the checks, so the checks can modify their values.
-test -z "$CFLAGS" && CFLAGS=-g auto_cflags=1
-
-dnl If we're using gcc and the user hasn't specified CFLAGS, add -O2 to CFLAGS.
-test -n "$GCC" && test -n "$auto_cflags" && CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -O2"
-
-dnl handle options that alter how bash is compiled and linked
-dnl these must come after the test for cc/gcc
-if test "$opt_profiling" = "yes"; then
- PROFILE_FLAGS=-pg
- case "$host_os" in
- solaris2*) ;;
- *) opt_static_link=yes ;;
- esac
- DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG=
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_static_link" = yes; then
- # if we're using gcc, add `-static' to LDFLAGS, except on Solaris >= 2
- if test -n "$GCC" || test "$ac_cv_prog_gcc" = "yes"; then
- STATIC_LD="-static"
- case "$host_os" in
- solaris2*) ;;
- *) LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -static" ;; # XXX experimental
- esac
- fi
-fi
-
-if test "X$cross_compiling" = "Xno"; then
- CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-"$CPPFLAGS"}
- LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-'$(LDFLAGS)'}
-else
- CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-""}
- LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-""}
-fi
-
-test -z "$CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD" && CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD="-g"
-
-AC_SUBST(CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(CPPFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(STATIC_LD)
-
-AC_SUBST(CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-
-AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL
-
-dnl BEGIN READLINE and HISTORY LIBRARY SECTION
-dnl prepare to allow bash to be linked against an already-installed readline
-
-dnl first test that the readline version is new enough to link bash against
-if test "$opt_readline" = yes && test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no"
-then
- # If the user specified --with-installed-readline=PREFIX and PREFIX
- # is not `yes', set ac_cv_rl_prefix to PREFIX
- test $opt_with_installed_readline != "yes" && ac_cv_rl_prefix=$opt_with_installed_readline
-
- RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION
-
- case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in
- 5*|6*|7*|8*|9*) ;;
- *) opt_with_installed_readline=no
- AC_MSG_WARN([installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash])
- AC_MSG_WARN([using private bash version])
- ;;
- esac
-fi
-
-TILDE_LIB=-ltilde
-if test $opt_readline = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(READLINE)
- if test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no" ; then
- case "$opt_with_installed_readline" in
- yes) RL_INCLUDE= ;;
- *) case "$RL_INCLUDEDIR" in
- /usr/include) ;;
- *) RL_INCLUDE='-I${RL_INCLUDEDIR}' ;;
- esac
- ;;
- esac
- READLINE_DEP=
- READLINE_LIB=-lreadline
- # section for OS versions that don't allow unresolved symbols
- # to be compiled into dynamic libraries.
- case "$host_os" in
- cygwin*) TILDE_LIB= ;;
- esac
- else
- RL_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- READLINE_DEP='$(READLINE_LIBRARY)'
- # section for OS versions that ship an older/broken version of
- # readline as a standard dynamic library and don't allow a
- # static version specified as -llibname to override the
- # dynamic version
- case "${host_os}" in
- darwin[[89]]*|darwin10*) READLINE_LIB='${READLINE_LIBRARY}' ;;
- *) READLINE_LIB=-lreadline ;;
- esac
- fi
-else
- RL_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- READLINE_LIB= READLINE_DEP=
-fi
-if test $opt_history = yes || test $opt_bang_history = yes; then
- if test $opt_history = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(HISTORY)
- fi
- if test $opt_bang_history = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(BANG_HISTORY)
- fi
- if test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no"; then
- HIST_LIBDIR=$RL_LIBDIR
- HISTORY_DEP=
- HISTORY_LIB=-lhistory
- case "$opt_with_installed_readline" in
- yes) RL_INCLUDE= ;;
- *) case "$RL_INCLUDEDIR" in
- /usr/include) ;;
- *) RL_INCLUDE='-I${RL_INCLUDEDIR}' ;;
- esac
- ;;
- esac
- else
- HIST_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- HISTORY_DEP='$(HISTORY_LIBRARY)'
- # section for OS versions that ship an older version of
- # readline as a standard dynamic library and don't allow a
- # static version specified as -llibname to override the
- # dynamic version
- case "${host_os}" in
- darwin[[89]]*|darwin10*) HISTORY_LIB='${HISTORY_LIBRARY}' ;;
- *) HISTORY_LIB=-lhistory ;;
- esac
- fi
-else
- HIST_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- HISTORY_LIB= HISTORY_DEP=
-fi
-AC_SUBST(READLINE_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(READLINE_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(RL_LIBDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RL_INCLUDEDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RL_INCLUDE)
-AC_SUBST(HISTORY_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(HISTORY_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(HIST_LIBDIR)
-AC_SUBST(TILDE_LIB)
-
-dnl END READLINE and HISTORY LIBRARY SECTION
-
-dnl programs needed by the build and install process
-AC_PROG_INSTALL
-AC_CHECK_PROG(AR, ar, , ar)
-dnl Set default for ARFLAGS, since autoconf does not have a macro for it.
-dnl This allows people to set it when running configure or make
-test -n "$ARFLAGS" || ARFLAGS="cr"
-AC_PROG_RANLIB
-AC_PROG_YACC
-AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
-
-case "$host_os" in
-opennt*|interix*) MAKE_SHELL="$INTERIX_ROOT/bin/sh" ;;
-*) MAKE_SHELL=/bin/sh ;;
-esac
-AC_SUBST(MAKE_SHELL)
-
-dnl this is similar to the expanded AC_PROG_RANLIB
-if test x$SIZE = x; then
- if test x$ac_tool_prefix = x; then
- SIZE=size
- else
- SIZE=${ac_tool_prefix}size
- save_IFS=$IFS ; IFS=:
- size_found=0
- for dir in $PATH; do
- if test -x $dir/$SIZE ; then
- size_found=1
- break
- fi
- done
- if test $size_found -eq 0; then
- SIZE=:
- fi
- IFS=$save_IFS
- fi
-fi
-AC_SUBST(SIZE)
-
-dnl Turn on any extensions available in the GNU C library.
-AC_DEFINE(_GNU_SOURCE, 1)
-
-dnl C compiler characteristics
-AC_C_CONST
-AC_C_INLINE
-AC_C_BIGENDIAN
-AC_C_STRINGIZE
-AC_C_LONG_DOUBLE
-AC_C_PROTOTYPES
-AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
-AC_C_VOLATILE
-AC_C_RESTRICT
-
-dnl initialize GNU gettext
-AM_GNU_GETTEXT([no-libtool], [need-ngettext], [lib/intl])
-
-dnl header files
-AC_HEADER_DIRENT
-AC_HEADER_TIME
-
-BASH_HEADER_INTTYPES
-
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(unistd.h stdlib.h stdarg.h varargs.h limits.h string.h \
- memory.h locale.h termcap.h termio.h termios.h dlfcn.h \
- stddef.h stdint.h netdb.h pwd.h grp.h strings.h regex.h \
- syslog.h ulimit.h)
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pte.h sys/stream.h sys/select.h sys/file.h \
- sys/resource.h sys/param.h sys/socket.h sys/stat.h \
- sys/time.h sys/times.h sys/types.h sys/wait.h)
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(netinet/in.h arpa/inet.h)
-
-dnl sys/ptem.h requires definitions from sys/stream.h on systems where it
-dnl exists
-AC_CHECK_HEADER(sys/ptem.h, , ,[[
-#if HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H
-# include <sys/stream.h>
-#endif
-]])
-
-dnl special checks for libc functions
-AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
-AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
-AC_FUNC_SETVBUF_REVERSED
-AC_FUNC_VPRINTF
-AC_FUNC_STRCOLL
-
-dnl if we're not using the bash malloc but require the C alloca, set things
-dnl up to build a libmalloc.a containing only alloca.o
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" = "no" && test "$opt_bash_malloc" = "no"; then
- MALLOC_TARGET=alloca
- MALLOC_SRC=alloca.c
-
- MALLOC_LIB='-lmalloc'
- MALLOC_LIBRARY='$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)/libmalloc.a'
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS='-L$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)'
- MALLOC_DEP='$(MALLOC_LIBRARY)'
-fi
-
-dnl if vprintf is not in libc, see if it's defined in stdio.h
-if test "$ac_cv_func_vprintf" = no; then
- AC_MSG_CHECKING(for declaration of vprintf in stdio.h)
- AC_EGREP_HEADER([[int[ ]*vprintf[^a-zA-Z0-9]]],stdio.h,ac_cv_func_vprintf=yes)
- AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_vprintf)
- if test $ac_cv_func_vprintf = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VPRINTF)
- fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_vprintf" = no && test "$ac_cv_func__doprnt" = "yes"; then
- AC_LIBOBJ(vprint)
-fi
-
-dnl signal stuff
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-
-dnl checks for certain version-specific system calls and libc functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(__setostype, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SETOSTYPE))
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(wait3, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WAIT3))
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(isinf, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_ISINF_IN_LIBC))
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(isnan, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_ISNAN_IN_LIBC))
-
-dnl checks for missing libc functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(mkfifo,AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MKFIFO),AC_DEFINE(MKFIFO_MISSING))
-
-dnl checks for system calls
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup2 eaccess fcntl getdtablesize getgroups gethostname \
- getpagesize getpeername getrlimit getrusage gettimeofday \
- kill killpg lstat readlink sbrk select setdtablesize \
- setitimer tcgetpgrp uname ulimit waitpid)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(rename)
-
-dnl checks for c library functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(bcopy bzero confstr faccessat fnmatch \
- getaddrinfo gethostbyname getservbyname getservent inet_aton \
- memmove pathconf putenv raise regcomp regexec \
- setenv setlinebuf setlocale setvbuf siginterrupt strchr \
- sysconf syslog tcgetattr times ttyname tzset unsetenv)
-
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(vasprintf asprintf)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(isascii isblank isgraph isprint isspace isxdigit)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwent getpwnam getpwuid)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(getcwd memset)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strcasecmp strcasestr strerror strftime strnlen strpbrk strstr)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strtod strtol strtoul strtoll strtoull strtoimax strtoumax)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dprintf)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchrnul)
-
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([confstr])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([printf])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([sbrk])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([setregid])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strcpy])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strsignal])
-
-dnl Extra test to detect the horribly broken HP/UX 11.00 strtold(3)
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strtold], [
- AC_MSG_CHECKING([for broken strtold])
- AC_CACHE_VAL(bash_cv_strtold_broken,
- [AC_TRY_COMPILE(
- [#include <stdlib.h>],
- [int main() { long double r; char *foo, bar; r = strtold(foo, &bar);}],
- bash_cv_strtold_broken=no, bash_cv_strtold_broken=yes,
- [AC_MSG_WARN(cannot check for broken strtold if cross-compiling, defaulting to no)])
- ]
- )
- AC_MSG_RESULT($bash_cv_strtold_broken)
- if test "$bash_cv_strtold_broken" = "yes" ; then
- AC_DEFINE(STRTOLD_BROKEN)
- fi
-])
-
-
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoimax)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtol)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoll)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoul)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoull)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoumax)
-
-AC_FUNC_MKTIME
-
-dnl
-dnl Checks for lib/intl and related code (uses some of the output from
-dnl AM_GNU_GETTEXT)
-dnl
-
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h errno.h fcntl.h malloc.h stdio_ext.h])
-
-dnl AC_FUNC_MALLOC
-AC_FUNC_MMAP
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([__argz_count __argz_next __argz_stringify dcgettext mempcpy \
- munmap stpcpy strcspn strdup])
-
-INTL_DEP= INTL_INC= LIBINTL_H=
-if test "x$USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL" = "xyes"; then
- INTL_DEP='${INTL_LIBDIR}/libintl.a'
- INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC} -I${INTL_BUILDDIR}'
- LIBINTL_H='${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h'
-fi
-AC_SUBST(INTL_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(INTL_INC)
-AC_SUBST(LIBINTL_H)
-
-dnl
-dnl End of checks needed by files in lib/intl
-dnl
-
-BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE
-
-dnl checks for the dynamic loading library functions in libc and libdl
-if test "$opt_static_link" != yes; then
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dlopen dlclose dlsym)
-fi
-
-dnl this defines HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
-AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl network functions -- check for inet_aton again
-if test "$ac_cv_func_inet_aton" != 'yes'; then
-BASH_FUNC_INET_ATON
-fi
-
-dnl libraries
-dnl this is reportedly no longer necessary for irix[56].?
-case "$host_os" in
-irix4*) AC_CHECK_LIB(sun, getpwent) ;;
-esac
-
-dnl check for getpeername in the socket library only if it's not in libc
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getpeername" = no; then
- BASH_CHECK_LIB_SOCKET
-fi
-dnl check for gethostbyname in socket libraries if it's not in libc
-if test "$ac_cv_func_gethostbyname" = no; then
- BASH_FUNC_GETHOSTBYNAME
-fi
-
-dnl system types
-AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
-AC_TYPE_OFF_T
-AC_TYPE_MODE_T
-AC_TYPE_UID_T
-AC_TYPE_PID_T
-AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(ssize_t, int)
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(time_t, long)
-
-BASH_TYPE_LONG_LONG
-BASH_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG
-
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
-
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(short, 2)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char *, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(double, 8)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([long long], 8)
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(u_int, [unsigned int])
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(u_long, [unsigned long])
-
-BASH_TYPE_BITS16_T
-BASH_TYPE_U_BITS16_T
-BASH_TYPE_BITS32_T
-BASH_TYPE_U_BITS32_T
-BASH_TYPE_BITS64_T
-
-BASH_TYPE_PTRDIFF_T
-
-dnl structures
-AC_HEADER_STAT
-
-dnl system services
-AC_SYS_INTERPRETER
-if test $ac_cv_sys_interpreter = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC)
-fi
-
-dnl Miscellaneous Bash tests
-if test "$ac_cv_func_lstat" = "no"; then
-BASH_FUNC_LSTAT
-fi
-
-dnl behavior of system calls and library functions
-BASH_FUNC_CTYPE_NONASCII
-BASH_FUNC_DUP2_CLOEXEC_CHECK
-BASH_SYS_PGRP_SYNC
-BASH_SYS_SIGNAL_VINTAGE
-
-dnl checking for the presence of certain library symbols
-BASH_SYS_ERRLIST
-BASH_SYS_SIGLIST
-BASH_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl various system types
-BASH_TYPE_SIGHANDLER
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(clock_t, [#include <sys/times.h>], long)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(sigset_t, [#include <signal.h>], int)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(quad_t, , long, HAVE_QUAD_T)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(intmax_t, , $bash_cv_type_long_long)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t, , $bash_cv_type_unsigned_long_long)
-if test "$ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h" = "yes"; then
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(socklen_t, [#include <sys/socket.h>], int, HAVE_SOCKLEN_T)
-fi
-BASH_TYPE_RLIMIT
-
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(intmax_t, 8)
-
-dnl presence and contents of structures used by system calls
-BASH_STRUCT_TERMIOS_LDISC
-BASH_STRUCT_TERMIO_LDISC
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN
-BASH_STRUCT_WINSIZE
-BASH_STRUCT_TIMEVAL
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
-AC_STRUCT_TM
-AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-BASH_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-
-BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET
-
-dnl presence and behavior of C library functions
-BASH_FUNC_STRSIGNAL
-BASH_FUNC_OPENDIR_CHECK
-BASH_FUNC_ULIMIT_MAXFDS
-BASH_FUNC_FPURGE
-BASH_FUNC_GETENV
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_GETCWD
-fi
-BASH_FUNC_POSIX_SETJMP
-BASH_FUNC_STRCOLL
-BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF
-BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF
-
-dnl If putenv or unsetenv is not present, set the right define so the
-dnl prototype and declaration in lib/sh/getenv.c will be standard-conformant
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_putenv" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_STD_PUTENV
-else
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STD_PUTENV)
-fi
-if test "$ac_cv_func_unsetenv" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_STD_UNSETENV
-else
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STD_UNSETENV)
-fi
-
-BASH_FUNC_PRINTF_A_FORMAT
-
-dnl presence and behavior of OS functions
-BASH_SYS_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS
-BASH_SYS_JOB_CONTROL_MISSING
-BASH_SYS_NAMED_PIPES
-
-dnl presence of certain CPP defines
-AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ
-BASH_HAVE_TIOCSTAT
-BASH_HAVE_FIONREAD
-
-BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED
-
-dnl miscellaneous
-BASH_CHECK_SPEED_T
-BASH_CHECK_GETPW_FUNCS
-BASH_CHECK_RTSIGS
-BASH_CHECK_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl special checks
-case "$host_os" in
-hpux*) BASH_CHECK_KERNEL_RLIMIT ;;
-esac
-
-if test "$opt_readline" = yes; then
-dnl yuck
-case "$host_os" in
-aix*) prefer_curses=yes ;;
-esac
-BASH_CHECK_LIB_TERMCAP
-fi
-AC_SUBST(TERMCAP_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(TERMCAP_DEP)
-
-BASH_CHECK_DEV_FD
-BASH_CHECK_DEV_STDIN
-BASH_SYS_DEFAULT_MAIL_DIR
-
-if test "$bash_cv_job_control_missing" = missing; then
- opt_job_control=no
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_job_control" = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(JOB_CONTROL)
-JOBS_O=jobs.o
-else
-JOBS_O=nojobs.o
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(JOBS_O)
-
-dnl Defines that we want to propagate to the Makefiles in subdirectories,
-dnl like glob and readline
-
-LOCAL_DEFS=-DSHELL
-
-dnl use this section to possibly define more cpp variables, specify local
-dnl libraries, and specify any additional local cc or ld flags
-dnl
-dnl this should really go away someday
-
-case "${host_os}" in
-sysv4.2*) AC_DEFINE(SVR4_2)
- AC_DEFINE(SVR4) ;;
-sysv4*) AC_DEFINE(SVR4) ;;
-sysv5*) AC_DEFINE(SVR5) ;;
-hpux9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DHPUX9 -DHPUX" ;;
-hpux*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DHPUX ;;
-dgux*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-D_DGUX_SOURCE; LOCAL_LIBS=-ldgc ;;
-isc*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-Disc386 ;;
-rhapsody*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRHAPSODY ;;
-darwin*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMACOSX ;;
-sco3.2v5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-b elf -DWAITPID_BROKEN -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
-sco3.2v4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
-sco3.2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
-sunos4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
-solaris2.5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-lynxos*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
-linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
- case "`uname -r`" in
- 2.[[456789]]*|3*) AC_DEFINE(PGRP_PIPE) ;;
- esac ;;
-*qnx6*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -Dqnx6" LOCAL_LIBS="-lncurses" ;;
-*qnx*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -F -3s" LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-3s" LOCAL_LIBS="-lunix -lncurses" ;;
-powerux*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lgen" ;;
-cygwin*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
-opennt*|interix*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DNO_MAIN_ENV_ARG -DBROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO -D_POSIX_SOURCE -D_ALL_SOURCE" ;;
-esac
-
-dnl Stanza for OS/compiler pair-specific flags
-case "${host_os}-${CC}" in
-aix4.2*-*gcc*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-Xlinker -bexpall -Xlinker -brtl" ;;
-aix4.2*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-bexpall -brtl" ;;
-bsdi4*-*gcc*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-rdynamic" ;; # allow dynamic loading, like Linux
-esac
-
-dnl FreeBSD-3.x can have either a.out or ELF
-case "${host_os}" in
-freebsd[[3-9]]*)
- if test -x /usr/bin/objformat && test "`/usr/bin/objformat`" = "elf" ; then
- LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
- fi ;;
-freebsdelf*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic ;; # allow dynamic loading
-dragonfly*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic ;; # allow dynamic loading
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu" in
-*cray*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DCRAY" ;; # shell var so config.h can use it
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu-$host_os" in
-ibmrt-*bsd4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-ma -U__STDC__" ;;
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu-$host_vendor-$host_os" in
-m88k-motorola-sysv3) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DWAITPID_BROKEN ;;
-mips-pyramid-sysv4) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-Xa ;;
-esac
-
-#
-# Shared object configuration section. These values are generated by
-# ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf
-#
-if test "$ac_cv_func_dlopen" = "yes" && test -f ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf
-then
- AC_MSG_CHECKING(shared object configuration for loadable builtins)
- eval `${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf -C "${CC}" -c "${host_cpu}" -o "${host_os}" -v "${host_vendor}"`
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_CC)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_CFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LD)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LIBS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_STATUS)
- AC_MSG_RESULT($SHOBJ_STATUS)
-fi
-
-# try to create a directory tree if the source is elsewhere
-# this should be packaged into a script accessible via ${srcdir}/support
-case "$srcdir" in
-.) ;;
-*) for d in doc tests support lib examples; do # dirs
- test -d $d || mkdir $d
- done
- for ld in readline glob tilde malloc sh termcap; do # libdirs
- test -d lib/$ld || mkdir lib/$ld
- done
- test -d examples/loadables || mkdir examples/loadables # loadable builtins
- test -d examples/loadables/perl || mkdir examples/loadables/perl
- ;;
-esac
-
-BUILD_DIR=`pwd`
-case "$BUILD_DIR" in
-*\ *) BUILD_DIR=`echo "$BUILD_DIR" | sed 's: :\\\\ :g'` ;;
-*) ;;
-esac
-
-if test -z "$localedir"; then
- localedir='${datarootdir}/locale'
-fi
-if test -z "$datarootdir"; then
- datarootdir='${prefix}/share'
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(PROFILE_FLAGS)
-
-AC_SUBST(incdir)
-AC_SUBST(BUILD_DIR)
-
-# Some versions of autoconf don't substitute these automatically
-AC_SUBST(datarootdir)
-AC_SUBST(localedir)
-
-AC_SUBST(YACC)
-AC_SUBST(AR)
-AC_SUBST(ARFLAGS)
-
-AC_SUBST(BASHVERS)
-AC_SUBST(RELSTATUS)
-AC_SUBST(DEBUG)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_DEBUG)
-
-AC_SUBST(host_cpu)
-AC_SUBST(host_vendor)
-AC_SUBST(host_os)
-
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_DEFS)
-
-#AC_SUBST(ALLOCA_SOURCE)
-#AC_SUBST(ALLOCA_OBJECT)
-
-AC_OUTPUT([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
- lib/intl/Makefile \
- lib/malloc/Makefile lib/sh/Makefile lib/termcap/Makefile \
- lib/tilde/Makefile doc/Makefile support/Makefile po/Makefile.in \
- examples/loadables/Makefile examples/loadables/perl/Makefile],
-[
-# Makefile uses this timestamp file to record whether config.h is up to date.
-echo timestamp > stamp-h
-])
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
-# tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure
-# scripts and configure runs, see configure's option --config-cache.
-# It is not useful on other systems. If it contains results you don't
-# want to keep, you may remove or edit it.
-#
-# config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it
-# the --recheck option to rerun configure.
-#
-# `ac_cv_env_foo' variables (set or unset) will be overriden when
-# loading this file, other *unset* `ac_cv_foo' will be assigned the
-# following values.
-
-ac_cv_build=${ac_cv_build='i686-pc-cygwin'}
-ac_cv_build_alias=${ac_cv_build_alias='i686-pc-cygwin'}
-ac_cv_c_bigendian=${ac_cv_c_bigendian='no'}
-ac_cv_c_char_unsigned=${ac_cv_c_char_unsigned='no'}
-ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu=${ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu='yes'}
-ac_cv_c_const=${ac_cv_c_const='yes'}
-ac_cv_c_inline=${ac_cv_c_inline='inline'}
-ac_cv_c_long_double=${ac_cv_c_long_double='yes'}
-ac_cv_c_stringize=${ac_cv_c_stringize='yes'}
-ac_cv_decl_sys_siglist=${ac_cv_decl_sys_siglist='no'}
-ac_cv_exeext=${ac_cv_exeext='.exe'}
-ac_cv_func___setostype=${ac_cv_func___setostype='no'}
-ac_cv_func__doprnt=${ac_cv_func__doprnt='no'}
-ac_cv_func_alloca_works=${ac_cv_func_alloca_works='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_asprintf=${ac_cv_func_asprintf='no'}
-ac_cv_func_bcopy=${ac_cv_func_bcopy='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_bindtextdomain=${ac_cv_func_bindtextdomain='no'}
-ac_cv_func_bzero=${ac_cv_func_bzero='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_confstr=${ac_cv_func_confstr='no'}
-ac_cv_func_dlclose=${ac_cv_func_dlclose='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_dlopen=${ac_cv_func_dlopen='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_dlsym=${ac_cv_func_dlsym='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_dup2=${ac_cv_func_dup2='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_fnmatch=${ac_cv_func_fnmatch='no'}
-ac_cv_func_getaddrinfo=${ac_cv_func_getaddrinfo='no'}
-ac_cv_func_getcwd=${ac_cv_func_getcwd='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getdtablesize=${ac_cv_func_getdtablesize='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getgroups=${ac_cv_func_getgroups='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_gethostbyname=${ac_cv_func_gethostbyname='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_gethostname=${ac_cv_func_gethostname='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getpagesize=${ac_cv_func_getpagesize='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getpeername=${ac_cv_func_getpeername='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=${ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getrlimit=${ac_cv_func_getrlimit='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getrusage=${ac_cv_func_getrusage='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_getservbyname=${ac_cv_func_getservbyname='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_gettext=${ac_cv_func_gettext='no'}
-ac_cv_func_gettimeofday=${ac_cv_func_gettimeofday='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_inet_aton=${ac_cv_func_inet_aton='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_isascii=${ac_cv_func_isascii='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_isblank=${ac_cv_func_isblank='no'}
-ac_cv_func_isgraph=${ac_cv_func_isgraph='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_isprint=${ac_cv_func_isprint='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_isspace=${ac_cv_func_isspace='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_isxdigit=${ac_cv_func_isxdigit='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_killpg=${ac_cv_func_killpg='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_lstat=${ac_cv_func_lstat='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_memmove=${ac_cv_func_memmove='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_mkfifo=${ac_cv_func_mkfifo='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_pathconf=${ac_cv_func_pathconf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_putenv=${ac_cv_func_putenv='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_readlink=${ac_cv_func_readlink='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_rename=${ac_cv_func_rename='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_sbrk=${ac_cv_func_sbrk='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_select=${ac_cv_func_select='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_setdtablesize=${ac_cv_func_setdtablesize='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_setenv=${ac_cv_func_setenv='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_setlinebuf=${ac_cv_func_setlinebuf='no'}
-ac_cv_func_setlocale=${ac_cv_func_setlocale='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_setvbuf=${ac_cv_func_setvbuf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_setvbuf_reversed=${ac_cv_func_setvbuf_reversed='no'}
-ac_cv_func_siginterrupt=${ac_cv_func_siginterrupt='no'}
-ac_cv_func_snprintf=${ac_cv_func_snprintf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strcasecmp=${ac_cv_func_strcasecmp='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strchr=${ac_cv_func_strchr='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strcoll_works=${ac_cv_func_strcoll_works='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strerror=${ac_cv_func_strerror='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strpbrk=${ac_cv_func_strpbrk='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strtod=${ac_cv_func_strtod='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strtoimax=${ac_cv_func_strtoimax='no'}
-ac_cv_func_strtol=${ac_cv_func_strtol='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strtoll=${ac_cv_func_strtoll='no'}
-ac_cv_func_strtoul=${ac_cv_func_strtoul='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_strtoull=${ac_cv_func_strtoull='no'}
-ac_cv_func_strtoumax=${ac_cv_func_strtoumax='no'}
-ac_cv_func_sysconf=${ac_cv_func_sysconf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_tcgetattr=${ac_cv_func_tcgetattr='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_tcgetpgrp=${ac_cv_func_tcgetpgrp='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_textdomain=${ac_cv_func_textdomain='no'}
-ac_cv_func_times=${ac_cv_func_times='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_ttyname=${ac_cv_func_ttyname='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_tzset=${ac_cv_func_tzset='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_ulimit=${ac_cv_func_ulimit='no'}
-ac_cv_func_uname=${ac_cv_func_uname='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_vasprintf=${ac_cv_func_vasprintf='no'}
-ac_cv_func_vprintf=${ac_cv_func_vprintf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_vsnprintf=${ac_cv_func_vsnprintf='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_wait3=${ac_cv_func_wait3='yes'}
-ac_cv_func_waitpid=${ac_cv_func_waitpid='yes'}
-ac_cv_have_decl_confstr=${ac_cv_have_decl_confstr='no'}
-ac_cv_have_decl_printf=${ac_cv_have_decl_printf='yes'}
-ac_cv_have_decl_sbrk=${ac_cv_have_decl_sbrk='yes'}
-ac_cv_have_decl_strsignal=${ac_cv_have_decl_strsignal='yes'}
-ac_cv_have_decl_strtold=${ac_cv_have_decl_strtold='no'}
-ac_cv_header_arpa_inet_h=${ac_cv_header_arpa_inet_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_dirent_dirent_h=${ac_cv_header_dirent_dirent_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h=${ac_cv_header_dlfcn_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_grp_h=${ac_cv_header_grp_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_inttypes_h=${ac_cv_header_inttypes_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_libintl_h=${ac_cv_header_libintl_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_limits_h=${ac_cv_header_limits_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_locale_h=${ac_cv_header_locale_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_memory_h=${ac_cv_header_memory_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_minix_config_h=${ac_cv_header_minix_config_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_netdb_h=${ac_cv_header_netdb_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_netinet_in_h=${ac_cv_header_netinet_in_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_stat_broken=${ac_cv_header_stat_broken='no'}
-ac_cv_header_stdarg_h=${ac_cv_header_stdarg_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_stdc=${ac_cv_header_stdc='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_stddef_h=${ac_cv_header_stddef_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_stdint_h=${ac_cv_header_stdint_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_stdlib_h=${ac_cv_header_stdlib_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_string_h=${ac_cv_header_string_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_strings_h=${ac_cv_header_strings_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_file_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_file_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_param_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_param_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_pte_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_pte_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_ptem_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_ptem_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_select_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_select_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_stat_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_stat_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_stream_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_stream_h='no'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_time_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_times_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_types_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_types_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_sys_wait_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_wait_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_termcap_h=${ac_cv_header_termcap_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_termio_h=${ac_cv_header_termio_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_termios_h=${ac_cv_header_termios_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_time=${ac_cv_header_time='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_unistd_h=${ac_cv_header_unistd_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_header_varargs_h=${ac_cv_header_varargs_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_host=${ac_cv_host='i686-pc-cygwin'}
-ac_cv_host_alias=${ac_cv_host_alias='i686-pc-cygwin'}
-ac_cv_lib_dir_opendir=${ac_cv_lib_dir_opendir='no'}
-ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=${ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen='no'}
-ac_cv_lib_intl_bindtextdomain=${ac_cv_lib_intl_bindtextdomain='yes'}
-ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent=${ac_cv_lib_termcap_tgetent='yes'}
-ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks=${ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks='yes'}
-ac_cv_member_struct_termio_c_line=${ac_cv_member_struct_termio_c_line='yes'}
-ac_cv_member_struct_termios_c_line=${ac_cv_member_struct_termios_c_line='yes'}
-ac_cv_objext=${ac_cv_objext='o'}
-ac_cv_path_install=${ac_cv_path_install='/usr/bin/install -c'}
-ac_cv_prog_AR=${ac_cv_prog_AR='ar'}
-ac_cv_prog_CPP=${ac_cv_prog_CPP='gcc -E'}
-ac_cv_prog_YACC=${ac_cv_prog_YACC='bison -y'}
-ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC=${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC='gcc'}
-ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB=${ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_RANLIB='ranlib'}
-ac_cv_prog_cc_g=${ac_cv_prog_cc_g='yes'}
-ac_cv_prog_cc_stdc=${ac_cv_prog_cc_stdc=''}
-ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional=${ac_cv_prog_gcc_traditional='no'}
-ac_cv_prog_make_make_set=${ac_cv_prog_make_make_set='yes'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_char=${ac_cv_sizeof_char='1'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=${ac_cv_sizeof_char_p='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_double=${ac_cv_sizeof_double='8'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_int=${ac_cv_sizeof_int='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_long=${ac_cv_sizeof_long='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_long_long=${ac_cv_sizeof_long_long='8'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_short=${ac_cv_sizeof_short='2'}
-ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits=${ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits='no'}
-ac_cv_sys_interpreter=${ac_cv_sys_interpreter='yes'}
-ac_cv_sys_large_files=${ac_cv_sys_large_files='no'}
-ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC=${ac_cv_sys_largefile_CC='no'}
-ac_cv_sys_posix_termios=${ac_cv_sys_posix_termios='yes'}
-ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h=${ac_cv_sys_tiocgwinsz_in_termios_h='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_bits16_t=${ac_cv_type_bits16_t='no'}
-ac_cv_type_bits32_t=${ac_cv_type_bits32_t='no'}
-ac_cv_type_bits64_t=${ac_cv_type_bits64_t='no'}
-ac_cv_type_char=${ac_cv_type_char='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_char_p=${ac_cv_type_char_p='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_double=${ac_cv_type_double='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_getgroups=${ac_cv_type_getgroups='gid_t'}
-ac_cv_type_int=${ac_cv_type_int='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_long=${ac_cv_type_long='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_long_long=${ac_cv_type_long_long='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_mode_t=${ac_cv_type_mode_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_off_t=${ac_cv_type_off_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_pid_t=${ac_cv_type_pid_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t=${ac_cv_type_ptrdiff_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_short=${ac_cv_type_short='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_signal=${ac_cv_type_signal='void'}
-ac_cv_type_size_t=${ac_cv_type_size_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_ssize_t=${ac_cv_type_ssize_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_time_t=${ac_cv_type_time_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_u_bits16_t=${ac_cv_type_u_bits16_t='no'}
-ac_cv_type_u_bits32_t=${ac_cv_type_u_bits32_t='no'}
-ac_cv_type_u_int=${ac_cv_type_u_int='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_u_long=${ac_cv_type_u_long='yes'}
-ac_cv_type_uid_t=${ac_cv_type_uid_t='yes'}
-ac_cv_working_alloca_h=${ac_cv_working_alloca_h='no'}
-
-bash_cv_decl_strtoimax=${bash_cv_decl_strtoimax='no'}
-bash_cv_decl_strtol=${bash_cv_decl_strtol='yes'}
-bash_cv_decl_strtoll=${bash_cv_decl_strtoll='no'}
-bash_cv_decl_strtoul=${bash_cv_decl_strtoul='yes'}
-bash_cv_decl_strtoull=${bash_cv_decl_strtoull='no'}
-bash_cv_decl_strtoumax=${bash_cv_decl_strtoumax='no'}
-bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_dev_fd=${bash_cv_dev_fd='absent'}
-bash_cv_dev_stdin=${bash_cv_dev_stdin='absent'}
-bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno=${bash_cv_dirent_has_d_fileno='no'}
-bash_cv_dirent_has_dino=${bash_cv_dirent_has_dino='yes'}
-bash_cv_dup2_broken=${bash_cv_dup2_broken='no'}
-bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl=${bash_cv_fionread_in_ioctl='no'}
-bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=${bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp='present'}
-bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=${bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken='no'}
-bash_cv_getenv_redef=${bash_cv_getenv_redef='yes'}
-bash_cv_getpw_declared=${bash_cv_getpw_declared='yes'}
-bash_cv_have_strsignal=${bash_cv_have_strsignal='yes'}
-bash_cv_job_control_missing=${bash_cv_job_control_missing='present'}
-bash_cv_mail_dir=${bash_cv_mail_dir='unknown'}
-bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=${bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers='no'}
-bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=${bash_cv_opendir_not_robust='no'}
-bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=${bash_cv_pgrp_pipe='no'}
-bash_cv_printf_a_format=${bash_cv_printf_a_format='no'}
-bash_cv_signal_vintage=${bash_cv_signal_vintage='posix'}
-bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types=${bash_cv_speed_t_in_sys_types='no'}
-bash_cv_struct_timeval=${bash_cv_struct_timeval='yes'}
-bash_cv_struct_winsize_header=${bash_cv_struct_winsize_header='termios_h'}
-bash_cv_sys_errlist=${bash_cv_sys_errlist='no'}
-bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=${bash_cv_sys_named_pipes='present'}
-bash_cv_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_termcap_lib=${bash_cv_termcap_lib='libtermcap'}
-bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl=${bash_cv_tiocstat_in_ioctl='no'}
-bash_cv_type_clock_t=${bash_cv_type_clock_t='yes'}
-bash_cv_type_intmax_t=${bash_cv_type_intmax_t='no'}
-bash_cv_type_long_long=${bash_cv_type_long_long='long long'}
-bash_cv_type_quad_t=${bash_cv_type_quad_t='no'}
-bash_cv_type_rlimit=${bash_cv_type_rlimit='rlim_t'}
-bash_cv_type_sigset_t=${bash_cv_type_sigset_t='yes'}
-bash_cv_type_socklen_t=${bash_cv_type_socklen_t='no'}
-bash_cv_type_uintmax_t=${bash_cv_type_uintmax_t='no'}
-bash_cv_type_unsigned_long_long=${bash_cv_type_unsigned_long_long='unsigned long long'}
-bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=${bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds='no'}
-bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_under_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs=${bash_cv_unusable_rtsigs='no'}
-bash_cv_void_sighandler=${bash_cv_void_sighandler='yes'}
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [command_string | file]
C\bCO\bOP\bPY\bYR\bRI\bIG\bGH\bHT\bT
- Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2024 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2025 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is an s\bsh\bh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
- commands read from the standard input, from a string, or from a file.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also incorporates useful features from the _\bK_\bo_\br_\bn and _\bC shells (k\bks\bsh\bh
- and c\bcs\bsh\bh).
-
- POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and
- Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard
- 1003.1). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is a command language interpreter that executes commands read from
+ the standard input, from a string, or from a file. It is a reimplemen-
+ tation and extension of the Bourne shell, the historical Unix command
+ language interpreter. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also incorporates useful features from the
+ _\bK_\bo_\br_\bn and _\bC shells (k\bks\bsh\bh and c\bcs\bsh\bh).
+
+ POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and
+ Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard
+ 1003.1). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh POSIX mode (hereafter referred to as _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be) changes
+ the shell's behavior where its default operation differs from the stan-
+ dard to strictly conform to the standard. See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO below for a
+ reference to a document that details how posix mode affects b\bba\bas\bsh\bh's be-
+ havior. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
All of the single-character shell options documented in the description
- of the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, including -\b-o\bo, can be used as options when
- the shell is invoked. In addition, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh interprets the following op-
+ of the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, including -\b-o\bo, can be used as options when
+ the shell is invoked. In addition, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh interprets the following op-
tions when it is invoked:
- -\b-c\bc If the -\b-c\bc option is present, then commands are read from the
+ -\b-c\bc If the -\b-c\bc option is present, then commands are read from the
first non-option argument _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b__\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If there are argu-
- ments after the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b__\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the first argument is as-
- signed to $\b$0\b0 and any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+ ments after the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b__\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the first argument is as-
+ signed to $\b$0\b0 and any remaining arguments are assigned to the
positional parameters. The assignment to $\b$0\b0 sets the name of
the shell, which is used in warning and error messages.
-\b-l\bl Make b\bba\bas\bsh\bh act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- -\b-r\br If the -\b-r\br option is present, the shell becomes _\br_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ -\b-r\br If the -\b-r\br option is present, the shell becomes _\br_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
(see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
- -\b-s\bs If the -\b-s\bs option is present, or if no arguments remain after
+ -\b-s\bs If the -\b-s\bs option is present, or if no arguments remain after
option processing, the shell reads commands from the standard
- input. This option allows the positional parameters to be
- set when invoking an interactive shell or when reading input
+ input. This option allows the positional parameters to be
+ set when invoking an interactive shell or when reading input
through a pipe.
- -\b-D\bD Print a list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $\b$ on
- the standard output. These are the strings that are subject
- to language translation when the current locale is not C\bC or
- P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX. This implies the -\b-n\bn option; no commands will be exe-
+ -\b-D\bD Print a list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $\b$ on
+ the standard output. These are the strings that are subject
+ to language translation when the current locale is not C\bC or
+ P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX. This implies the -\b-n\bn option; no commands will be exe-
cuted.
[\b[-\b-+\b+]\b]O\bO [\b[_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]\b]
- _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is one of the shell options accepted by the
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). If
+ _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is one of the shell options accepted by the
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). If
_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is present, -\b-O\bO sets the value of that option; +\b+O\bO
- unsets it. If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not supplied, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints the
- names and values of the shell options accepted by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt on
- the standard output. If the invocation option is +\b+O\bO, the
+ unsets it. If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not supplied, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints the
+ names and values of the shell options accepted by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt on
+ the standard output. If the invocation option is +\b+O\bO, the
output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
- -\b--\b- A -\b--\b- signals the end of options and disables further option
- processing. Any arguments after the -\b--\b- are treated as a
- shell script filename (see below) and arguments passed to
+ -\b--\b- A -\b--\b- signals the end of options and disables further option
+ processing. Any arguments after the -\b--\b- are treated as a
+ shell script filename (see below) and arguments passed to
that script. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to -\b--\b-.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These op-
- tions must appear on the command line before the single-character op-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These op-
+ tions must appear on the command line before the single-character op-
tions to be recognized.
-\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br
Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
- starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description
+ starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description
of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below).
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-p\bpo\bo-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt "po"
+ Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt "po"
(portable object) file format.
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
Equivalent to -\b-D\bD.
- -\b--\b-h\bhe\bel\blp\bp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success-
+ -\b--\b-h\bhe\bel\blp\bp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success-
fully.
-\b--\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
Execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of the standard personal ini-
- tialization file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive (see I\bIN\bN-\b-
+ tialization file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive (see I\bIN\bN-\b-
V\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
-\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn
Equivalent to -\b-l\bl.
-\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
- Do not use the GNU r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library to read command lines when
+ Do not use the GNU r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library to read command lines when
the shell is interactive.
-\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be
- Do not read either the system-wide startup file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or
- any of the personal initialization files _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, or _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads these
- files when it is invoked as a login shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN be-
+ Do not read either the system-wide startup file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or
+ any of the personal initialization files _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, or _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads these
+ files when it is invoked as a login shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN be-
low).
-\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
fault if the shell is invoked as s\bsh\bh.
-\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx
- Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default operation differs
- from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See
- S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO below for a reference to a document that details how
- posix mode affects B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's behavior.
+ Enable posix mode; change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard.
-\b--\b-r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd
The shell becomes restricted (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
Equivalent to -\b-v\bv.
-\b--\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Show version information for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh on the stan-
+ Show version information for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh on the stan-
dard output and exit successfully.
A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -\b-c\bc nor the
- -\b-s\bs option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the
- name of a file containing shell commands (a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt). If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is
- invoked in this fashion, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of the file, and the po-
- sitional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh reads and
- executes commands from this file, then exits. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's exit status is
+ -\b-s\bs option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as the name
+ of a file containing shell commands (a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt). When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is in-
+ voked in this fashion, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of the file, and the posi-
+ tional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh reads and
+ executes commands from this file, then exits. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's exit status is
the exit status of the last command executed in the script. If no com-
- mands are executed, the exit status is 0. Bash first attempts to open
- the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then
- searches the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for the script.
+ mands are executed, the exit status is 0. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh first attempts to open
+ the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, searches
+ the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for the script.
I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- A _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one whose first character of argument zero is a -\b-, or
+ A _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one whose first character of argument zero is a -\b-, or
one started with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option.
- An _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be shell is one started without non-option arguments (un-
- less -\b-s\bs is specified) and without the -\b-c\bc option, whose standard input
- and standard error are both connected to terminals (as determined by
- _\bi_\bs_\ba_\bt_\bt_\by(3)), or one started with the -\b-i\bi option. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh sets P\bPS\bS1\b1 and $\b$-\b-
- includes i\bi if the shell is interactive, so a shell script or a startup
+ An _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one started without non-option arguments (un-
+ less -\b-s\bs is specified) and without the -\b-c\bc option, and whose standard in-
+ put and standard error are both connected to terminals (as determined
+ by _\bi_\bs_\ba_\bt_\bt_\by(3)), or one started with the -\b-i\bi option. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh sets P\bPS\bS1\b1 and $\b$-\b-
+ includes i\bi if the shell is interactive, so a shell script or a startup
file can test this state.
- The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
- If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
+ The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
+ If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
+ Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
s\bsi\bio\bon\bn in the E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN section.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
- active shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it first reads and executes com-
- mands from the file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, if that file exists. After reading
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
+ active shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it first reads and executes com-
+ mands from the file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, if that file exists. After reading
that file, it looks for _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, and _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
- in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
- exists and is readable. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used when the
+ in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
+ exists and is readable. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used when the
shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
When an interactive login shell exits, or a non-interactive login shell
- executes the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes commands
+ executes the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes commands
from the file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt, if it exists.
- When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists. The
- -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option inhibits this behavior. The -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be option causes
+ When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists. The
+ -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option inhibits this behavior. The -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be option causes
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to use _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for ex-
- ample, it looks for the variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV in the environment, expands
- its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name
- of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for ex-
+ ample, it looks for the variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV in the environment, expands
+ its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name
+ of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
mand were executed:
if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
but does not use the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable to search for the file-
name.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup be-
- havior of historical versions of s\bsh\bh as closely as possible, while con-
- forming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interactive
- login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it
- first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup be-
+ havior of historical versions of s\bsh\bh as closely as possible, while con-
+ forming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interactive
+ login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it
+ first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option inhibits this behav-
ior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh looks
- for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
- expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Since a
- shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and execute commands from
- any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no effect. A non-in-
- teractive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read any
- other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enters posix mode after
- reading the startup files.
-
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in posix mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
+ for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
+ expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Since a
+ shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and execute commands from
+ any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no effect. A non-in-
+ teractive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read any
+ other startup files.
+
+ When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enters posix mode after reading the startup
+ files.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in posix mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode,
- interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and read and execute com-
+ interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and read and execute com-
mands from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup
files are read.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
- connected to a network connection, as when executed by the historical
- and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell
- daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh determines it is being run non-interactively in
- this fashion, it reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that
- file exists and is readable. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not read this file if invoked
- as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option inhibits this behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be op-
- tion makes b\bba\bas\bsh\bh use a different file instead of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, but neither
- _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally invoke the shell with those options or allow
+ connected to a network connection, as when executed by the historical
+ and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell
+ daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh determines it is being run non-interactively in
+ this fashion, it reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that
+ file exists and is readable. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not read this file if invoked
+ as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option inhibits this behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be op-
+ tion makes b\bba\bas\bsh\bh use a different file instead of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, but neither
+ _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally invoke the shell with those options or allow
them to be specified.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
- the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set
- to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation, the
+ the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set
+ to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation, the
startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
+ The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
ment.
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk A space or tab.
w\bwh\bhi\bit\bte\bes\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- A character belonging to the s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character class in the cur-
+ A character belonging to the s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character class in the cur-
rent locale, or for which _\bi_\bs_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be(3) returns true.
- w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
+ w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
shell. Also known as a t\bto\bok\bke\ben\bn.
- n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
- scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
+ n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
+ scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
score. Also referred to as an i\bid\bde\ben\bnt\bti\bif\bfi\bie\ber\br.
m\bme\bet\bta\bac\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br
- A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
+ A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
following:
|\b| &\b& ;\b; (\b( )\b) <\b< >\b> s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be t\bta\bab\bb n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be
c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bto\bor\br
R\bRE\bES\bSE\bER\bRV\bVE\bED\bD W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
_\bR_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The
following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the
- first word of a command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below), the third word of a
- c\bca\bas\bse\be or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command (only i\bin\bn is valid), or the third word of a f\bfo\bor\br
+ first word of a command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below), the third word of a
+ c\bca\bas\bse\be or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command (only i\bin\bn is valid), or the third word of a f\bfo\bor\br
command (only i\bin\bn and d\bdo\bo are valid):
- !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
+ !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
t\bth\bhe\ben\bn u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be {\b{ }\b} t\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[[\b[ ]\b]]\b]
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com-
+ This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com-
mands.
S\bSi\bim\bmp\bpl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
- lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
+ A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
+ lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
_\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. The first word specifies the command to be executed,
- and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar-
+ and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar-
guments to the invoked command.
- The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
+ The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
the command is terminated by signal _\bn.
P\bPi\bip\bpe\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
- A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
+ A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
the control operators |\b| or |\b|&\b&. The format for a pipeline is:
[t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 [ [|\b|||\b|&\b&] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 is connected via a pipe to the standard
- input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
- tions specified by the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1(see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is the
- pipeline operator, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1's standard error, in addition to its stan-
- dard output, is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the
- pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirection of the
- standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirec-
+ input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
+ tions specified by the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1(see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is the
+ pipeline operator, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1's standard error, in addition to its stan-
+ dard output, is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the
+ pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirection of the
+ standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirec-
tions specified by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
- unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
- pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
- to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
+ unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
+ pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
+ to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
fully. If the reserved word !\b! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of
- that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
- above. If a pipeline is executed synchronously, the shell waits for
+ that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+ above. If a pipeline is executed synchronously, the shell waits for
all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value.
- If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
- elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution when
- the pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to
- that specified by POSIX. When the shell is in posix mode, it does not
- recognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-".
- The value of the T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is a format string that specifies
- how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
+ If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
+ elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution when
+ the pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to
+ that specified by POSIX. When the shell is in posix mode, it does not
+ recognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-".
+ The value of the T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is a format string that specifies
+ how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT below under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- When the shell is in posix mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may appear by itself as the only
- word in a simple command. In this case, the shell displays the total
+ When the shell is in posix mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may appear by itself as the only
+ word in a simple command. In this case, the shell displays the total
user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable specifies the format of the time information.
- Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
- executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
- C\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi-
- ronment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), and job control is not active,
+ Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
+ executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
+ C\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi-
+ ronment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), and job control is not active,
the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell process.
L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
- A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
+ A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
operators ;\b;, &\b&, &\b&&\b&, or |\b||\b|, and optionally terminated by one of ;\b;, &\b&, or
<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
Of these list operators, &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| have equal precedence, followed by ;\b;
and &\b&, which have equal precedence.
- A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
+ A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
semicolon to delimit commands.
- If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
- cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
- wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are
- referred to as _\ba_\bs_\by_\bn_\bc_\bh_\br_\bo_\bn_\bo_\bu_\bs commands. Commands separated by a ;\b; are
+ If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
+ cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
+ wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are
+ referred to as _\ba_\bs_\by_\bn_\bc_\bh_\br_\bo_\bn_\bo_\bu_\bs commands. Commands separated by a ;\b; are
executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in
- turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe-
+ turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe-
cuted.
- AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
- the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
+ AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
+ the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
of zero (success).
An OR list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 |\b||\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
- status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
+ status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
the last command executed in the list.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
- command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
- one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
+ command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
+ one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
semicolon.
- (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bN-\b-
- M\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari-
- able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's
+ (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bN-\b-
+ M\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari-
+ able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's
environment do not remain in effect after the command completes.
The return status is the exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
{ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; }
_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt must be
- terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known as a
+ terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known as a
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
- Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are _\br_\be_\b-
- _\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
- to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
- must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
+ Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are _\br_\be_\b-
+ _\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
+ to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
+ must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
metacharacter.
((_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn))
- The arithmetic _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules
- described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of
- the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise
- the return status is 1. The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same ex-
- pansions as if it were within double quotes, but double quote
- characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated specially and are re-
- moved.
+ The arithmetic _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules
+ described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of
+ the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise
+ the return status is 1. The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same ex-
+ pansions as if it were within double quotes, but unescaped dou-
+ ble quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated specially and
+ are removed. Since this can potentially result in empty
+ strings, this command treats those as expressions that evaluate
+ to 0.
[\b[[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn ]\b]]\b]
Evaluate the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn and return a sta-
of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
the entire conditional expression.
- f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ [ i\bin\bn [ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\b._\b._\b. ] ] ; ] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\b._\b._\b. ] ; ] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
First, expand The list of words following i\bin\bn, generating a list
of items. Then, the variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of
this list in turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn
empty list, no commands are executed, and the return status is
0.
- f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) [;] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 according to the
rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. Then, re-
peatedly evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 until it eval-
execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with the next
pattern list. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the shell to test
the next pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any
- associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt if the match succeeds. continuing the case
+ associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt if the match succeeds, continuing the case
statement execution as if the pattern list had not matched. The
exit status is zero if no pattern matches.
a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+ A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is assigned to using a statement of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
- shell variable or array index, the += operator appends to or adds to
+ shell variable or array index, the "+=" operator appends to or adds to
the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- commands such as d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be that accept assignment statements. When += is
- applied to a variable for which the i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute has been set, the
- variable's current value and _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be are each evaluated as arithmetic ex-
- pressions, and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's
+ commands such as d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be that accept assignment statements. When "+="
+ is applied to a variable for which the i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute has been set,
+ the variable's current value and _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be are each evaluated as arithmetic
+ expressions, and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's
value. The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an
- expression. When += is applied to an array variable using compound as-
- signment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not unset (as it
- is when using =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at
- one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or
- added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When ap-
- plied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and appended to
- the variable's value.
+ expression. When "+=" is applied to an array variable using compound
+ assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not unset (as it
+ is when using and new values are appended to the array beginning at one
+ greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as
+ additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When applied to a
+ string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and appended to the vari-
+ able's value.
A variable can be assigned the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute using the -\b-n\bn option to
- the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (see the descriptions of d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be
- and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl below) to create a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, or a reference to another vari-
- able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever
- the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at-
- tributes modified (other than using or changing the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute
- itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified
- by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within
+ the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (see the descriptions of d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be
+ and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl below) to create a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, or a reference to another vari-
+ able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever
+ the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at-
+ tributes modified (other than using or changing the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute
+ itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified
+ by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within
shell functions to refer to a variable whose name is passed as an argu-
- ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a
+ ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a
shell function as its first argument, running
declare -n ref=$1
the variable name passed as the first argument. References and assign-
ments to r\bre\bef\bf, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references,
assignments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was
- passed as $\b$1\b1. If the control variable in a f\bfo\bor\br loop has the nameref
- attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a
- name reference is established for each word in the list, in turn, when
- the loop is executed. Array variables cannot be given the n\bna\bam\bme\ber\bre\bef\bf at-
- tribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables and
+ passed as $\b$1\b1. If the control variable in a f\bfo\bor\br loop has the nameref
+ attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a
+ name reference is established for each word in the list, in turn, when
+ the loop is executed. Array variables cannot be given the n\bna\bam\bme\ber\bre\bef\bf at-
+ tribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables and
subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the -\b-n\bn option
to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Otherwise, if u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt is executed with the name of
- a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by the
+ a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by the
nameref variable is unset.
+ When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+ variable from each environment variable that has a valid name, as de-
+ scribed below (see E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT).
+
P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
- the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
- with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). Without
braces, a digit following $ can only refer to one of the first nine po-
- sitional parameters ($\b$1\b1-\b-$\b$9\b9) or the special parameter $\b$0\b0 (see the next
+ sitional parameters ($\b$1\b1-\b-$\b$9\b9) or the special parameter $\b$0\b0 (see the next
section).
S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. Special parame-
ters are denoted by one of the following characters.
- *\b* ($\b$*\b*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
- When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional
- parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where word
- expansions are performed, those words are subject to further
- word splitting and pathname expansion. When the expansion oc-
- curs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the
- value of each parameter separated by the first character of the
+ *\b* ($\b$*\b*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+ When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional
+ parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where word
+ expansions are performed, those words are subject to further
+ word splitting and pathname expansion. When the expansion oc-
+ curs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the
+ value of each parameter separated by the first character of the
I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. That is, "\b"$\b$*\b*"\b" is equivalent to "\b"$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b."\b", where
- _\bc is the first character of the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If
+ _\bc is the first character of the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If
I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is
null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
- @\b@ ($\b$@\b@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+ @\b@ ($\b$@\b@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
- positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
- quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
+ positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+ quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
where word splitting is not performed, such as the value portion
- of an assignment statement, this expands to a single word with
+ of an assignment statement, this expands to a single word with
each positional parameter separated by a space. When the expan-
- sion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is per-
- formed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
+ sion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is per-
+ formed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
"\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" is equivalent to "\b"$\b$1\b1"\b" "\b"$\b$2\b2"\b" .\b..\b..\b. If the double-quoted expan-
- sion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter
+ sion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter
is joined with the expansion of the beginning part of the origi-
nal word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
the expansion of the last part of the original word. When there
- are no positional parameters, "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and $\b$@\b@ expand to nothing
+ are no positional parameters, "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and $\b$@\b@ expand to nothing
(i.e., they are removed).
#\b# ($\b$#\b#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? ($\b$?\b?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed
+ ?\b? ($\b$?\b?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed
command.
-\b- ($\b$-\b-) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invo-
- cation, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ cation, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ ($\b$$\b$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it
+ $\b$ ($\b$$\b$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it
expands to the process ID of the parent shell, not the subshell.
- !\b! ($\b$!\b!)Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed
+ !\b! ($\b$!\b!)Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed
into the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command
or using the b\bbg\bg builtin (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below).
- 0\b0 ($\b$0\b0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is
- set at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of
- commands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is
+ 0\b0 ($\b$0\b0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is
+ set at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of
+ commands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is
started with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument
- after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise,
+ after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise,
it is set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argu-
ment zero.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The shell sets following variables:
- _\b_ ($\b$_\b_, an underscore) This has a number of meanings depending on
+ _\b_ ($\b$_\b_, an underscore) This has a number of meanings depending on
context. At shell startup, _\b_ is set to the pathname used to in-
- voke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the
- environment or argument list. Subsequently, it expands to the
- last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
- foreground, after expansion. It is also set to the full path-
- name used to invoke each command executed and placed in the en-
- vironment exported to that command. When checking mail, $\b$_\b_ ex-
+ voke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the
+ environment or argument list. Subsequently, it expands to the
+ last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
+ foreground, after expansion. It is also set to the full path-
+ name used to invoke each command executed and placed in the en-
+ vironment exported to that command. When checking mail, $\b$_\b_ ex-
pands to the name of the mail file currently being checked.
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
shell enables each option in the list before reading any startup
- files. This variable is read-only.
+ files. If this variable is exported, child shells will enable
+ each option in the list. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
ments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO have no effect, and it may not be unset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of directories in which the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be com-
- mand. looks for dynamically loadable builtins.
+ mand looks for dynamically loadable builtins.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_M\bMO\bON\bNO\bOS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
Each time this variable is referenced, it expands to the value
returned by the system's monotonic clock, if one is available.
appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
shell enables each option in the list before reading any startup
- files. This variable is read-only.
+ files. If this variable is exported, child shells will enable
+ each option in the list. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM
- Each time it is referenced, this variable expands to a 32-bit
+ Each time it is referenced, this variable expands to a 32-bit
pseudo-random number. The random number generator is not linear
- on systems that support _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bu_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm(3), so each
+ on systems that support _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bu_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm(3), so each
returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.
- The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
+ The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
this variable have no effect. If S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The shell uses the following variables. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns a
+ The shell uses the following variables. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns a
default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT
- The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below for a description of the various
+ The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below for a description of the various
compatibility levels and their effects. The value may be a dec-
- imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding
- to the desired compatibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or
- set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the
- default for the current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a
- value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the
- shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level
- to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid
- values correspond to the compatibility levels described below
- under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are
- valid values that correspond to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt option and
- set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also
+ imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding
+ to the desired compatibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or
+ set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the
+ default for the current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a
+ value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the
+ shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level
+ to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid
+ values correspond to the compatibility levels described below
+ under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are
+ valid values that correspond to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt option and
+ set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also
a valid value.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its expanded value is interpreted as a filename containing com-
- mands to initialize the shell before it reads and executes com-
- mands from the script. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is subjected to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its expanded value is interpreted as a filename containing com-
+ mands to initialize the shell before it reads and executes com-
+ mands from the script. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is subjected to
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expan-
- sion before being interpreted as a filename. P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used
+ sion before being interpreted as a filename. P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used
to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh writes the trace output generated when "set -x" is enabled
- to that file descriptor, instead of the standard error. The
- file descriptor is closed when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or as-
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh writes the trace output generated when "set -x" is enabled
+ to that file descriptor, instead of the standard error. The
+ file descriptor is closed when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or as-
signed a new value. Unsetting B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the
- empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard
+ empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard
error. Note that setting B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error
- file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the stan-
+ file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the stan-
dard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
list of directories where the shell looks for directories speci-
- fied as arguments to the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ fied as arguments to the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCH\bHI\bIL\bLD\bD_\b_M\bMA\bAX\bX
- Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
- remember. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will not allow this value to be decreased below
- a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
- rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
+ Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
+ remember. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will not allow this value to be decreased below
+ a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
+ rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
system-dependent.
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
- pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
ray element contains one possible completion.
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Expanded and executed similarly to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Expanded and executed similarly to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
above) when an interactive shell is invoked in posix mode.
E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
- defining the set of filenames to be ignored by command search
- using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
- terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
+ A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
+ defining the set of filenames to be ignored by command search
+ using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
+ terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
completion and command execution via P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH lookup. This does not
affect the behavior of the [\b[, t\bte\bes\bst\bt, and [\b[[\b[ commands. Full path-
- names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
- Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
- executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
+ names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
+ Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
+ executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
- If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
- function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
nesting level cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
- names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
- matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
- patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
+ A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
+ names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
+ matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
+ patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell op-
tion.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT
- Controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The
- value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or-
- der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is
- unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the
- historical behavior of sorting by name, in ascending lexico-
+ Controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The
+ value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or-
+ der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is
+ unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the
+ historical behavior of sorting by name, in ascending lexico-
graphic order as determined by the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable.
- If set, a valid value begins with an optional _\b+, which is ig-
+ If set, a valid value begins with an optional _\b+, which is ig-
nored, or _\b-, which reverses the sort order from ascending to de-
- scending, followed by a sort specifier. The valid sort speci-
- fiers are _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc, _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be, _\bm_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\ba_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\bc_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, and _\bb_\bl_\bo_\bc_\bk_\bs,
+ scending, followed by a sort specifier. The valid sort speci-
+ fiers are _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc, _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be, _\bm_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\ba_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\bc_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, and _\bb_\bl_\bo_\bc_\bk_\bs,
which sort the files on name, names in numeric rather than lexi-
- cographic order, file size, modification time, access time, in-
- ode change time, and number of blocks, respectively. If any of
- the non-name keys compare as equal (e.g., if two files are the
+ cographic order, file size, modification time, access time, in-
+ ode change time, and number of blocks, respectively. If any of
+ the non-name keys compare as equal (e.g., if two files are the
same size), sorting uses the name as a secondary sort key.
- For example, a value of _\b-_\bm_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be sorts the results in descending
+ For example, a value of _\b-_\bm_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be sorts the results in descending
order by modification time (newest first).
- The _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc specifier treats names consisting solely of digits
- as numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so "2"
+ The _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc specifier treats names consisting solely of digits
+ as numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so "2"
sorts before "10", for example). When using _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc, names con-
- taining non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are
+ taining non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are
sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
A sort specifier of _\bn_\bo_\bs_\bo_\br_\bt disables sorting completely; b\bba\bas\bsh\bh re-
- turns the results in the order they are read from the file sys-
+ turns the results in the order they are read from the file sys-
tem, ignoring any leading _\b-.
- If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so a
- value of _\b+ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of _\b-
- sorts by name in descending order. Any invalid value restores
+ If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so a
+ value of _\b+ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of _\b-
+ sorts by name in descending order. Any invalid value restores
the historical sorting behavior.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
- _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry not to be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves all lines
- read by the shell parser on the history list, subject to the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves all lines
+ read by the shell parser on the history list, subject to the
value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. If the first line of a multi-line compound
- command was saved, the second and subsequent lines are not
- tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL. If the first line was not saved, the second and
+ command was saved, the second and subsequent lines are not
+ tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL. If the first line was not saved, the second and
subsequent lines of the command are not saved either.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh assigns a default value of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by.
- If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the shell does not save the com-
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh assigns a default value of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by.
+ If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the shell does not save the com-
mand history when it exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
- lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits or by
- the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If the value is 0, the history file is
- truncated to zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values
- less than zero inhibit truncation. The shell sets the default
+ the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If the value is 0, the history file is
+ truncated to zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values
+ less than zero inhibit truncation. The shell sets the default
value to the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line
- matches one of the patterns in the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is
- not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
- beginning of the line and must match the complete line (b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- does not implicitly append a "*\b*"). Each pattern is tested
- against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line
+ matches one of the patterns in the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is
+ not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
+ beginning of the line and must match the complete line (b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ does not implicitly append a "*\b*"). Each pattern is tested
+ against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching char-
- acters, "&\b&" matches the previous history line. A backslash es-
- capes the "&\b&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a
- match. If the first line of a multi-line compound command was
- saved, the second and subsequent lines are not tested, and are
- added to the history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. If
+ acters, "&\b&" matches the previous history line. A backslash es-
+ capes the "&\b&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a
+ match. If the first line of a multi-line compound command was
+ saved, the second and subsequent lines are not tested, and are
+ added to the history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. If
the first line was not saved, the second and subsequent lines of
- the command are not saved either. The pattern matching honors
+ the command are not saved either. The pattern matching honors
the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE subsumes some of the function of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL. A pat-
+ tern of "&" is identical to "ignoredups", and a pattern of "[
+ ]*" is identical to "ignorespace". Combining these two pat-
+ terns, separating them with a colon, provides the functionality
+ of "ignoreboth".
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
- tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh clears the the hostname
- list.
+ tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh clears the hostname list.
I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting af-
- ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. Word splitting is described below under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The default value is "<space><tab><newline>".
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- is set but does not have a numeric value, or the value is null,
- the default value is 10. If it is unset, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the end
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ is set but does not have a numeric value, or the value is null,
+ the default value is 10. If it is unset, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the end
of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
fault of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
I\bIN\bNS\bSI\bID\bDE\bE_\b_E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS
- If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
- starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
- buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
+ If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
+ starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
+ buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
quences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
L\bLC\bC_\b_T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
- This variable determines the locale category used for data and
+ This variable determines the locale category used for data and
time formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If the value is set to a file or directory name and the M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of
+ variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of
mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
- fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
+ fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- "?". When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ "?". When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. For example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
- able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
+ able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g.,
/var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
- "/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin".
+ /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables posix mode, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables posix mode, as if the
command "set -o posix" had been executed. When the shell enters
posix mode, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
- element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
- prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
+ If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
+ element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
+ prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
used as a command to execute instead.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
+ P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
before the command is executed.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
"\s-\v\$ ".
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is "> ".
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an ex-
ecution trace. The first character of the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4
is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
levels of indirection. The default is "+ ".
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
- is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
+ is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the brackets denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
- no decimal point or fraction to be output. t\bti\bim\bme\be prints at most
- six digits after the decimal point; values of _\bp greater than 6
+ no decimal point or fraction to be output. t\bti\bim\bme\be prints at most
+ six digits after the decimal point; values of _\bp greater than 6
are changed to 6. If _\bp is not specified, t\bti\bim\bme\be prints three dig-
its after the decimal point.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not display any timing information. A trailing new-
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not display any timing information. A trailing new-
line is added when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin uses the
- value as its default timeout. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command terminates if
- input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is coming
- from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is inter-
- preted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input af-
- ter issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
- for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin uses the
+ value as its default timeout. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command terminates if
+ input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is coming
+ from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is inter-
+ preted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input af-
+ ter issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
+ for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, simple commands consist-
- ing of only a single word, without redirections, are treated as
- candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is
- no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning
- with or containing the word, this selects the most recently ac-
- cessed job. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a stopped job, in this context, is the
- command line used to start it, as displayed by j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs. If set to
- the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the word must match the name of a stopped job
- exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the word needs to match a sub-
- string of the name of a stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value pro-
+ job control. If this variable is set, simple commands consist-
+ ing of only a single word, without redirections, are treated as
+ candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is
+ no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning
+ with or containing the word, this selects the most recently ac-
+ cessed job. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a stopped job, in this context, is the
+ command line used to start it, as displayed by j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs. If set to
+ the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the word must match the name of a stopped job
+ exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the word needs to match a sub-
+ string of the name of a stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value pro-
vides functionality analogous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB
- C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set to any other value (e.g., _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx), the
- word must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides
+ C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set to any other value (e.g., _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx), the
+ word must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides
functionality analogous to the %\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion,
- quick substitution, and tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN be-
- low). The first character is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character,
- the character which begins a history expansion, normally "!\b!".
- The second character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, nor-
- mally "^\b^". When it appears as the first character on the line,
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion,
+ quick substitution, and tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN be-
+ low). The first character is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character,
+ the character which begins a history expansion, normally "!\b!".
+ The second character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, nor-
+ mally "^\b^". When it appears as the first character on the line,
history substitution repeats the previous command, replacing one
- string with another. The optional third character is the char-
- acter which indicates that the remainder of the line is a com-
- ment when found as the first character of a word, normally "#\b#".
- The history comment character disables history substitution for
- the remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause
- the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+ string with another. The optional third character is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\b-
+ _\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt character, normally "#\b#", which indicates that the
+ remainder of the line is a comment when it appears as the first
+ character of a word. The history comment character disables
+ history substitution for the remaining words on the line. It
+ does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of
+ the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin ex-
- plicitly declares an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
- that must expand to an integer and are zero-based; associative arrays
- are referenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, in-
- dexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
-
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
- to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
- an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or
- equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is
- also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
-
- Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin ex-
+ plicitly declares an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
+ that must expand to an integer (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below) and
+ are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary
+ strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-
+ negative integers.
+
+ The shell performs parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expan-
+ sion, command substitution, and quote removal on indexed array sub-
+ scripts. Since this can potentially result in empty strings, subscript
+ indexing treats those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+
+ The shell performs tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ arithmetic expansion, command substitution, and quote removal on asso-
+ ciative array subscripts. Empty strings cannot be used as associative
+ array keys.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh automatically creates an indexed array if any variable is assigned
+ to using the syntax
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be .
+ The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
+ to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an
+ indexed array, use
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
+
+ Associative arrays are created using
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ .
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices count back from the end
of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
- The += operator appends to an array variable when assigning using the
+ The "+=" operator appends to an array variable when assigning using the
compound assignment syntax; see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS above.
- An array element is referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. The braces
- are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt
+ An array element is referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. The braces
+ are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt
is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, unless noted in the
- description of a builtin or word expansion. These subscripts differ
- only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is dou-
- ble-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the value of each
- array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special vari-
- able, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a separate word.
+ description of a builtin or word expansion. These subscripts differ
+ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is dou-
+ ble-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the value of each
+ array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special vari-
+ able, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a separate word.
When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to nothing. If the
- double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the
- first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the expansion of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the expansion of the original word. This is
- analogous to the expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\be-\b-
+ double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the
+ first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the expansion of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the expansion of the original word. This is
+ analogous to the expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\be-\b-
c\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
- ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
+ ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar-
ray.
If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array eval-
- uates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one
- greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last
+ uates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one
+ greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count
+ back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last
element.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref-
- erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
+ erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
using a valid subscript is valid; b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates an array if necessary.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
- values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
+ It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
+ values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
array variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
the expansion of the special parameters _\b@ and _\b* within double quotes.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] un-
- sets the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
- ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
- as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
- does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
- moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] behaves differently de-
- pending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or associative array when _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ sets the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
+ ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
+ as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
+ does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
+ moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] behaves differently de-
+ pending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or associative array when _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array, this unsets the el-
- ement with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset re-
+ ement with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset re-
moves all of the elements but does not remove the array itself.
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
- scribed above, (e.g., unset a[4]), the argument is subject to pathname
- expansion. Quote the argument if pathname expansion is not desired
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
+ scribed above, (e.g., unset a[4]), the argument is subject to pathname
+ expansion. Quote the argument if pathname expansion is not desired
(e.g., unset 'a[4]').
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
- ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
+ ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
- values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. Other
- builtins accept array name arguments as well (e.g., m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be); see the
- descriptions of individual builtins below for details. The shell pro-
+ values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. Other
+ builtins accept array name arguments as well (e.g., m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be); see the
+ descriptions of individual builtins below for details. The shell pro-
vides a number of builtin array variables.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, and _\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion;
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion;
and quote removal.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl is always performed last. It removes quote characters
- present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl is always performed last. It removes quote characters
+ present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other
expansions, unless they have been quoted themselves.
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
- crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
- single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
+ crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
+ single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
pansions of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and "\b"$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}"\b", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism to generate arbitrary strings sharing a
+ _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism to generate arbitrary strings sharing a
common prefix and suffix, either of which can be empty. This mechanism
- is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the filenames generated need not
- exist. Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\b-
- _\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a se-
- quence expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
- the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
+ is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the filenames generated need not
+ exist. Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\b-
+ _\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a se-
+ quence expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
+ _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
+ the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
are not sorted; brace expansion preserves left to right order. For ex-
ample, a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into "ade ace abe".
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
+ A sequence expression takes the form _\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b], where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
- number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. If either _\bx or _\by begins with _\b0,
- each generated term will contain the same number of digits, zero-
- padding where necessary. When either _\bx or _\by begins with a zero, the
- shell attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number
- of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When letters are supplied,
- the expression expands to each character lexicographically between _\bx
- and _\by, inclusive, using the default C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by
- must be of the same type (integer or letter). When the increment is
- supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default
- increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+ number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. If either _\bx or _\by begins with a
+ zero, each generated term will contain the same number of digits, zero-
+ padding where necessary. When letters are supplied, the expression ex-
+ pands to each character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive,
+ using the C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type
+ (integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used as the
+ difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as ap-
+ propriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex-
pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
- A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
- sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
- inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
+ A "{" or Q , may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being con-
+ sidered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter
+ expansion, the string "${" is not considered eligible for brace expan-
+ sion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing "}".
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of
the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:
versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh outputs that word as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after brace expan-
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as "file{1,2}" appears identically in
+ the output. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh outputs that word as "file1 file2" after brace expan-
sion. Start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the +\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with
the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) for
strict s\bsh\bh compatibility.
value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@
or *\b*, or an associative array name, the results differ as de-
- scribed below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring
- of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by
- _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- are arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
-
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ scribed below. If :\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted (the first form above),
+ this expands to the substring of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting
+ at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and extending to the end of
+ the value. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is omitted, it is treated as 0. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
+ is omitted, but the colon after _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is present, it is treated
+ as 0. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value
- of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
- sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
- that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
+ of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
+ sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
+ that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expansion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
- ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
- to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
+ ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
+ to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if
- there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
+ there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an
expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un-
defined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
- fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
+ fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
$\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. Substitutes the length in characters of the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
- tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
- number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
- mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
- end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. Substitutes the length in characters of the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
+ number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
+ mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
+ end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
ment.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case)
- deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
- is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan-
- sion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable
- subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is ap-
- plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case)
+ deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
+ is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan-
+ sion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable
+ subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is ap-
+ plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is
the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
- pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern
- (the "%%" case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
+ pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern
+ (the "%%" case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/#\b#_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/%\b%_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion and matched against the ex-
- panded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. The longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in the ex-
- panded value is replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expan-
- sion, command and process substitution, and quote removal.
+ tern and matched against the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as de-
+ scribed under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. The longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br_\bn in the expanded value is replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg un-
+ dergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ arithmetic expansion, command and process substitution, and
+ quote removal.
In the first form above, only the first match is replaced. If
there are two slashes separating _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn (the sec-
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
- should not attempt to match more than one character.
-
- The ^\b^ operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to
- uppercase; the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to
- lowercase. The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched char-
- acter in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and
- convert only the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every
- character.
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. First, the _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded
+ to produce a pattern as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh then examines characters in the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn as described below. If a character matches the
+ pattern, its case is converted. The pattern should not attempt
+ to match more than one character.
+
+ Using "^" converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to upper-
+ case; "," converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
+ ^\b^ and ,\b, variants examine the first character in the expanded
+ value and convert its case if it matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; the ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b,
+ variants examine all characters in the expanded value and con-
+ vert each one that matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omitted, it
+ is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is ap-
plied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
- ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
- specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo para-
- meter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
- The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
- Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+ ble quotes, but unescaped double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not
+ treated specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression un-
+ dergo parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote
+ removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be
+ evaluated. Since the way Bash handles double quotes can potentially
+ result in empty strings, arithmetic expansion treats those as expres-
+ sions that evaluate to 0. Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
sis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted as a redirection.
Process substitution is supported on systems that support named pipes
- (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
+ (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd method of naming open files.
When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell op-
tion.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT shell variable controls how the results of pathname expan-
- sion are sorted, as described above.
+ The value of the G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT shell variable controls how the results of
+ pathname expansion are sorted, as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file whose name
- results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file. If
- the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
- the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
+ whose name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular
+ file. If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator
+ is >\b> and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is not enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
attempts the redirection even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirecting output in this fashion opens the file whose name results
+ Redirecting output in this fashion opens the file whose name results
from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd for appending on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
does not exist it is created.
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
The shell does not perform parameter and variable expansion, command
- substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed
- on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
+ substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
If any part of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote re-
moval on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd itself, and the here-document
- text is treated similarly to a double-quoted string: all lines of the
- here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd itself, and the here-document
+ text is treated similarly to a double-quoted string: all lines of the
+ here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is
treated literally, and \\b\ must be used to quote the characters \\b\, $\b$, and
`\b`; however, double quote characters have no special meaning.
- If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then the shell strips all leading
- tab characters from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br.
- This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+ If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then the shell strips all leading
+ tab characters from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br.
+ This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
natural fashion.
If the delimiter is not quoted, the \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> sequence is treated as a
- line continuation: the two lines are joined and the backslash-newline
- is removed. This happens while reading the here-document, before the
+ line continuation: the two lines are joined and the backslash-newline
+ is removed. This happens while reading the here-document, before the
check for the ending delimiter, so joined lines can form the end delim-
iter.
[_\bn]<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
- command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
- name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
+ name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on
its standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified).
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, file descriptor _\bn is made to be a copy of that file de-
+ more digits, file descriptor _\bn is made to be a copy of that file de-
scriptor. It is a redirection error if the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not spec-
ify a file descriptor open for input. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file de-
- scriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, this uses the standard
+ scriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, this uses the standard
input (file descriptor 0).
The operator
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, this uses the standard output (file descriptor 1). It is a
- redirection error if the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descrip-
- tor open for output. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
- closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
- to one or more digits or -\b-, this redirects the standard output and
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, this uses the standard output (file descriptor 1). It is a
+ redirection error if the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descrip-
+ tor open for output. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
+ closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
+ to one or more digits or -\b-, this redirects the standard output and
standard error as described previously.
M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
ified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi-
- tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command.
- Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us-
- ing the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word that is in a posi-
+ tion in the input where it can be the first word of a simple command.
+ Aliases have names and corresponding values that are set and unset us-
+ ing the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
below).
- If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks
- the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell
- replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it
+ If the shell reads an unquoted word in the right position, it checks
+ the word to see if it matches an alias name. If it matches, the shell
+ replaces the word with the alias value, and reads that value as if it
had been read instead of the word. The shell doesn't look at any char-
acters following the word before attempting alias substitution.
- The characters /\b/, $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or
- quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The
- replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell
- metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for
+ The characters /\b/, $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or
+ quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The
+ replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell
+ metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for
aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not
expanded a second time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for
- instance, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement
+ instance, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement
text.
- If the last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, the shell checks
+ If the last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, the shell checks
the next command word following the alias for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, use a shell function (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below) in-
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, use a shell function (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below) in-
stead.
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
- all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
- commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
- when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
- definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
+ all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
+ commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
+ when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
+ definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
effect until the shell reads the next line of input, and an alias defi-
- nition in a compound command does not take effect until the shell
- parses and executes the entire compound command. The commands follow-
- ing the alias definition on that line, or in the rest of a compound
- command, are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an
- issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when a func-
- tion definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a
+ nition in a compound command does not take effect until the shell
+ parses and executes the entire compound command. The commands follow-
+ ing the alias definition on that line, or in the rest of a compound
+ command, are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an
+ issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when a func-
+ tion definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a
function definition is itself a command. As a consequence, aliases de-
fined in a function are not available until after that function is exe-
- cuted. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line,
+ cuted. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line,
and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound commands.
For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferable to aliases.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
shell function is used as a simple command name, the shell executes the
list of commands associated with that function name. Functions are ex-
- ecuted in the context of the calling shell; there is no new process
- created to interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell
+ ecuted in the context of the calling shell; there is no new process
+ created to interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell
script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the new positional parameters. Special parameter 0\b0
+ updated to reflect the new positional parameters. Special parameter 0\b0
is unchanged. The first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the
name of the function while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
- tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
+ tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function are declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
- command (_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\bs). Ordinarily, variables and their values are
- shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and
+ Variables local to the function are declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ command (_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\bs). Ordinarily, variables and their values are
+ shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and
its children (including the functions it calls).
In the following description, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\be is a currently- execut-
ing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so
- on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any
- shell function. A local variable at the current scope is a variable
- declared using the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins in the function that is
+ on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any
+ shell function. A local variable at the current scope is a variable
+ declared using the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins in the function that is
currently executing.
- Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre-
- vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function
+ Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre-
+ vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function
hides variables with the same name declared at previous scopes, includ-
- ing global variables: references and assignments refer to the local
- variable, leaving the variables at previous scopes unmodified. When
+ ing global variables: references and assignments refer to the local
+ variable, leaving the variables at previous scopes unmodified. When
the function returns, the global variable is once again visible.
- The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
- within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
- values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
- cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
- function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
- that caller is the global scope or another shell function. This is
+ The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
+ within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
+ values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
+ cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
+ function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
+ that caller is the global scope or another shell function. This is
also the value that a local variable declaration shadows, and the value
that is restored when the function returns.
- For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
- and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
- within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadowing
+ For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
+ and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
+ within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadowing
any global variable named _\bv_\ba_\br.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable
- is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt unsets it; otherwise the unset
- will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
- above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it remains
- so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the
+ is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt unsets it; otherwise the unset
+ will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
+ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it remains
+ so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the
function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the vari-
able at a previous scope becomes visible. If the unset acts on a vari-
- able at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name
- that had been shadowed becomes visible (see below how the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bn-\b-
+ able at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name
+ that had been shadowed becomes visible (see below how the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bn-\b-
s\bse\bet\bt shell option changes this behavior).
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
- fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
+ fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
tion call. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is supplied a numeric argument, that is the func-
- tion's return status; otherwise the function's return status is the
- exit status of the last command executed before the r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn. Any com-
- mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
+ tion's return status; otherwise the function's return status is the
+ exit status of the last command executed before the r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn. Any com-
+ mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes. When a function completes, the values of the positional parame-
- ters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the values they had
+ ters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the values they had
prior to the function's execution.
The -\b-f\bf option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands lists function
- names and definitions. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt lists the
+ names and definitions. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt lists the
function names only (and optionally the source file and line number, if
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions may be exported so
- that child shell processes (those created when executing a separate
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions may be exported so
+ that child shell processes (those created when executing a separate
shell invocation) automatically have them defined with the -\b-f\bf option to
the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. The -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin deletes a func-
tion definition.
Functions may be recursive. The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable may be used to limit
- the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
- tion invocations. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh imposes no limit on the number of
+ the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+ tion invocations. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh imposes no limit on the number of
recursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
- pound command, the arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, the [\b[[\b[ conditional command,
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
+ pound command, the arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, the [\b[[\b[ conditional command,
and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn).
- Evaluation is done in the largest fixed-width integers available, with
- no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as
- an error. The operators and their precedence, associativity, and val-
+ Evaluation is done in the largest fixed-width integers available, with
+ no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as
+ an error. The operators and their precedence, associativity, and val-
ues are the same as in the C language. The following list of operators
- is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are
+ is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are
listed in order of decreasing precedence.
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
expansion syntax. This means you can use "x", where _\bx is a shell vari-
able name, in an arithmetic expression, and the shell will evaluate its
- value as an expression and use the result. A shell variable that is
+ value as an expression and use the result. A shell variable that is
null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name in an expression.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or
character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc-
- tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
- bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
- ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
- ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
+ tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
+ bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
+ ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
+ ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
specifying _\bn, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
- percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
+ percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
tween 10 and 35.
Operators are evaluated in precedence order. Sub-expressions in paren-
theses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
- behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
+ behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
those commands for any other command-specific actions.
Expressions are formed from the unary or binary primaries listed below.
- Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file or
- shell variable. Binary operators are used for string, numeric, and
+ Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file or
+ shell variable. Binary operators are used for string, numeric, and
file attribute comparisons.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
- special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
- ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
- maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor _\bn.
- If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
+ special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
+ ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor _\bn.
+ If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
respectively.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, or when the shell is in posix mode, the <\b< and >\b> op-
- erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the
- shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII order-
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, or when the shell is in posix mode, the <\b< and >\b> op-
+ erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the
+ shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII order-
ing.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last ac-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last ac-
cessed.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
- value). If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable name sub-
- scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if the array has any set
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ value). If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable name sub-
+ scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if the array has any set
elements. If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable name sub-
- scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if an element with that
+ scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if an element with that
key is set.
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
- E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). Since the expansions the [\b[[\b[ command performs
+ on _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 can potentially result in empty strings, arith-
+ metic expression evaluation treats those as expressions that
+ evaluate to 0.
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
When the shell executes a simple command, it performs the following ex-
To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
each process has a _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD, and the operating system maintains
- the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Processes that have
- the same process group ID are said to be part of the same _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
- _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp. Members of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd process group (processes whose
- process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) re-
- ceive keyboard-generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. Processes in the
- foreground process group are said to be _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b-
- _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID differs from the ter-
- minal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only
- foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the user so speci-
- fies with "stty tostop", write to the terminal. Background processes
- which attempt to read from (write to when "tostop" is in effect) the
- terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal by the kernel's terminal
- driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
-
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. This terminal
+ process group ID is associated with the _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl.
+
+ Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
+ the same _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp. Members of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd process group
+ (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal
+ process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT.
+ Processes in the foreground process group are said to be _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd
+ processes. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID dif-
+ fers from the controlling terminal's; such processes are immune to key-
+ board-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read
+ from or, if the user so specifies with "stty tostop", write to the con-
+ trolling terminal. The system sends a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal to
+ background processes which attempt to read from (write to when "tostop"
+ is in effect) the terminal, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running stops that process and
- returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typi-
- cally ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process stop when it attempts to read
- input from the terminal, and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user then
- manipulates the state of this job, using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it
- in the background, the f\bfg\bg command to continue it in the foreground, or
- the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. The suspend character takes effect imme-
- diately, and has the additional side effect of discarding any pending
+ returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typi-
+ cally ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process stop when it attempts to read
+ input from the terminal, and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user then
+ manipulates the state of this job, using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it
+ in the background, the f\bfg\bg command to continue it in the foreground, or
+ the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. The suspend character takes effect imme-
+ diately, and has the additional side effect of discarding any pending
output and typeahead. To force a background process to stop, or stop a
- process that's not associated with the current terminal session, send
+ process that's not associated with the current terminal session, send
it the S\bSI\bIG\bGS\bST\bTO\bOP\bP signal using k\bki\bil\bll\bl.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The %\b% char-
acter introduces a job specification (jobspec).
- Job number _\bn may be referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to
- using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that
- appears in its command line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a job whose
- command name begins with c\bce\be. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
+ Job number _\bn may be referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to
+ using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that
+ appears in its command line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a job whose
+ command name begins with c\bce\be. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command line. If the prefix or
substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb.
- A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
- current job. %\b%-\b- refers to the _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb. When a job starts in the
+ The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb.
+ A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
+ current job. %\b%-\b- refers to the _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb. When a job starts in the
background, a job stops while in the foreground, or a job is resumed in
- the background, it becomes the current job. The job that was the cur-
- rent job becomes the previous job. When the current job terminates,
- the previous job becomes the current job. If there is only a single
- job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer to that job. In output per-
+ the background, it becomes the current job. The job that was the cur-
+ rent job becomes the previous job. When the current job terminates,
+ the previous job becomes the current job. If there is only a single
+ job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer to that job. In output per-
taining to jobs (e.g., the output of the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job
is always marked with a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the
foreground. Similarly, "%1 &" resumes job 1 in the background, equiva-
lent to "bg %1".
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before notifying the
- user about changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other
- output, though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a
- foreground command in a list completes, before executing the next com-
- mand in the list. If the -\b-b\bb option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is en-
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before notifying the
+ user about changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other
+ output, though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a
+ foreground command in a list completes, before executing the next com-
+ mand in the list. If the -\b-b\bb option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is en-
abled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports status changes immediately. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh executes any trap
on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD for each child that terminates.
When a job terminates and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh notifies the user about it, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes
- the job from the table. It will not appear in j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs output, but w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
- will report its exit status, as long as it's supplied the process ID
- associated with the job as an argument. When the table is empty, job
+ the job from the table. It will not appear in j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs output, but w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
+ will report its exit status, as long as it's supplied the process ID
+ associated with the job as an argument. When the table is empty, job
numbers start over at 1.
- If a user attempts to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If a user attempts to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
then be used to inspect their status. If the user immediately attempts
- to exit again, without an intervening command, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print an-
+ to exit again, without an intervening command, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print an-
other warning, and terminates any stopped jobs.
- When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
- and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
+ When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
+ and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
minates before returning.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
needs more input to complete a command.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh examines the value of the array variable P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD just be-
- fore printing each primary prompt. If any elements in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- are set and non-null, Bash executes each value, in numeric order, just
- as if it had been typed on the command line. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh examines the value of the array variable P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD just be-
+ fore printing each primary prompt. If any elements in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ are set and non-null, Bash executes each value, in numeric order, just
+ as if it had been typed on the command line. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after
it reads a command but before executing it.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as described above before tracing each command when
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as described above before tracing each command when
the -\b-x\bx option is enabled.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the prompt strings P\bPS\bS0\b0, P\bPS\bS1\b1, P\bPS\bS2\b2, and P\bPS\bS4\b4, to be customized
- by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are
+ by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are
decoded as follows:
\\b\a\ba An ASCII bell character (07).
- \\b\d\bd The date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd The date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26").
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is in-
serted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results in
- a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
+ a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required.
\\b\e\be An ASCII escape character (033).
\\b\h\bh The hostname up to the first ".".
\\b\H\bH The hostname.
\\b\j\bj The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.
- \\b\l\bl The basename of the shell's terminal device name (e.g.,
+ \\b\l\bl The basename of the shell's terminal device name (e.g.,
"ttys0").
\\b\n\bn A newline.
\\b\r\br A carriage return.
- \\b\s\bs The name of the shell: the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs The name of the shell: the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash).
\\b\t\bt The current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
\\b\T\bT The current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.
\\b\u\bu The username of the current user.
\\b\v\bv The b\bba\bas\bsh\bh version (e.g., 2.00).
\\b\V\bV The b\bba\bas\bsh\bh release, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw The value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
- abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
+ \\b\w\bw The value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
+ abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM variable).
- \\b\W\bW The basename of $\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated with a
+ \\b\W\bW The basename of $\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated with a
tilde.
\\b\!\b! The history number of this command.
\\b\#\b# The command number of this command.
\\b\$\b$ If the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$.
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn.
\\b\\\b\ A backslash.
- \\b\[\b[ Begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ Begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt.
\\b\]\b] End a sequence of non-printing characters.
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
- low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
- mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
- decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
+ low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
+ mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
+ decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command under
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
- escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
+ escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
contain characters special to word expansion.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
- tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is supplied at shell invoca-
- tion. Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is supplied at shell invoca-
+ tion. Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of
emacs; a vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line edit-
- ing can be enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line
- editing after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options
+ ing can be enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line
+ editing after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its notation
- for keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means
- Control-N. Similarly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means
+ This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its notation
+ for keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means
+ Control-N. Similarly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means
Meta-X. The Meta key is often labeled "Alt" or "Option".
- On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press and re-
- lease the Escape key, then press and release the _\bx key, in sequence.
- This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx means ESC Con-
- trol-_\bx: press and release the Escape key, then press and hold the Con-
+ On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press and re-
+ lease the Escape key, then press and release the _\bx key, in sequence.
+ This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx means ESC Con-
+ trol-_\bx: press and release the Escape key, then press and hold the Con-
trol key while pressing the _\bx key, then release both.
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
- eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
- control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On
- many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
- key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+ eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
+ control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On
+ many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
+ key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
paragraph.
- If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
- can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
+ If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
+ can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
low) do the same thing by setting the f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx variable.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
- in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
+ in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
ates from this are noted below.
- The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a saved
+ The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a saved
cursor position. The text between the point and mark is referred to as
the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the re-
- gion is active, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be redisplay highlights the region using the
+ gion is active, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be redisplay highlights the region using the
value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br variable. The e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn variable turns this on and off. Several commands set the region
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn variable turns this on and off. Several commands set the region
to active; those are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
- _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills accumulate the deleted text into one
+ _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills accumulate the deleted text into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
- the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC shell variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program that uses the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library
- starts up, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads the initialization file and sets the key
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC shell variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program that uses the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library
+ starts up, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads the initialization file and sets the key
bindings and variables found there, before reading any user input.
- There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the inputrc file.
+ There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the inputrc file.
Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a #\b# are comments. Lines
beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote
key bindings and variable settings.
The default key-bindings in this section may be changed using key bind-
- ing commands in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Programs that use the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be li-
+ ing commands in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Programs that use the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be li-
brary, including b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names: _\bD_\bE_\bL,
- _\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bE_\bS_\bC_\bA_\bP_\bE, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT (a destructive back-
+ Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names: _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ _\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bE_\bS_\bC_\bA_\bP_\bE, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT (a destructive back-
space), _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, _\bS_\bP_\bC, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo). The differ-
- ence between a macro and a command is that a macro is enclosed in sin-
+ ence between a macro and a command is that a macro is enclosed in sin-
gle or double quotes.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
- and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The key sequence may
- be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with
- _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence composed of one or
- more characters enclosed in double quotes. The key sequence and name
- are separated by a colon. There can be no whitespace between the name
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The key sequence may
+ be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with
+ _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence composed of one or
+ more characters enclosed in double quotes. The key sequence and name
+ are separated by a colon. There can be no whitespace between the name
and the colon.
When using the form k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, _\bk_\be_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is the name
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text "> output" into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
none of the symbolic character names are recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text "Function Key 1".
- The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences available when speci-
+ The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences available when speci-
fying key sequences is
\\b\C\bC-\b- A control prefix.
- \\b\M\bM-\b- Adding the meta prefix or converting the following char-
- acter to a meta character, as described below under
+ \\b\M\bM-\b- Adding the meta prefix or converting the following char-
+ acter to a meta character, as described below under
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.
\\b\e\be An escape character.
\\b\\\b\ Backslash.
\\b\"\b" Literal ", a double quote.
\\b\'\b' Literal ', a single quote.
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits).
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits).
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. The backslash escapes described above are expanded in the
- macro body. Backslash quotes any other character in the macro text,
+ tion name. The backslash escapes described above are expanded in the
+ macro body. Backslash quotes any other character in the macro text,
including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key bindings with the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key bindings with the
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) change the editing mode during in-
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) change the editing mode during in-
teractive use.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
or using the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- Except where noted, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ Except where noted, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
When r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case-
- insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are
+ insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are
equivalent to O\bOf\bff\bf.
- The b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd -\b-V\bV command lists the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and val-
+ The b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd -\b-V\bV command lists the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and val-
ues (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
The variables and their default values are:
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that controls the text color and background
- when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
- tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
+ A string variable that controls the text color and background
+ when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
+ tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
up any physical character positions on the display, so it should
- consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
- terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
- variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
- type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
- terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
+ consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
+ terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
+ variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
+ type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
+ terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m".
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
- ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
- must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
- play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
- It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
- active region. This variable is reset to the default value
- whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
- string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
+ A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
+ ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
+ must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
+ play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
+ It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
+ active region. This variable is reset to the default value
+ whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
+ string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value
might be "\e[0m".
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to bind the control characters
- that are treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to bind the control characters
+ that are treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to
their r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be equivalents. These override the default r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
bindings described here. Type "stty -a" at a b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prompt to see
- your current terminal settings, including the special control
+ your current terminal settings, including the special control
characters (usually c\bcc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs).
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable. If there is a color defini-
tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix ".readline-colored-com-
- pletion-prefix", r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses this color for the common prefix
+ pletion-prefix", r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses this color for the common prefix
instead of its default.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b("#\b#")\b)
- The string that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
- This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode and to #\b# in vi com-
+ The string that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
+ This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode and to #\b# in vi com-
mand mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- causes matches to be displayed one per line. The default value
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ causes matches to be displayed one per line. The default value
is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a list
- of possible completions that is displayed without modification.
- When set to a value greater than zero, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be replaces common
+ The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a list
+ of possible completions that is displayed without modification.
+ When set to a value greater than zero, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be replaces common
prefixes longer than this value with an ellipsis when displaying
possible completions. If a completion begins with a period, and
- e\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is completing filenames, it uses three underscores in-
+ e\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is completing filenames, it uses three underscores in-
stead of an ellipsis.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
- greater than or equal to the value of this variable, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- asks whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ asks whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts characters it reads that have
- the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by clearing the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts characters it reads that have
+ the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by clearing the
eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character (converting
- the character to have the meta prefix). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be sets it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters whose
+ the character to have the meta prefix). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be sets it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters whose
encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set. This vari-
- able is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may
- change if the locale changes. This variable also affects key
+ able is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may
+ change if the locale changes. This variable also affects key
bindings; see the description of f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx below.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be inhibits word completion. Completion
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be inhibits word completion. Completion
characters are inserted into the line as if they had been mapped
to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Controls whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a set of key bindings similar to
+ Controls whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a set of key bindings similar to
_\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control- prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. The \1 and \2 es-
- capes begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which
- can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control- prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. The \1 and \2 es-
+ capes begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which
+ can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode
string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows certain com-
+ When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows certain com-
mands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is ac-
tive, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be highlights the text in the region using the value
of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br variable, which defaults to the
- string that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active
+ string that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active
region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any match-
ing text found by incremental and non-incremental history
searches.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be configures the terminal to insert each
- paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
- instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
- the keyboard. This is called _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\bk_\be_\bt_\be_\bd_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be; it prevents
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be configures the terminal to insert each
+ paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
+ instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
+ the keyboard. This is called _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\bk_\be_\bt_\be_\bd_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be; it prevents
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
quences appearing in the pasted text.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be tries to enable the application keypad
- when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow
+ when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow
keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be tries to enable any meta modifier key
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be tries to enable any meta modifier key
the terminal claims to support. On many terminals, the Meta key
- is used to send eight-bit characters; this variable checks for
- the terminal capability that indicates the terminal can enable
- and disable a mode that sets the eighth bit of a character
- (0200) if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed
+ is used to send eight-bit characters; this variable checks for
+ the terminal capability that indicates the terminal can enable
+ and disable a mode that sets the eighth bit of a character
+ (0200) if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed
(a meta character).
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs tilde expansion when it attempts
word completion.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be modifies its behavior when binding key
- sequences containing \M- or Meta- (see K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs above) by
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be modifies its behavior when binding key
+ sequences containing \M- or Meta- (see K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs above) by
converting a key sequence of the form \M-_\bC or Meta-_\bC to the two-
- character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC _\bC (adding the meta prefix). If
+ character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC _\bC (adding the meta prefix). If
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx is set to O\bOf\bff\bf (the default), r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the
- value of the c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba variable to determine whether to per-
- form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs
- the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts
+ value of the c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba variable to determine whether to per-
+ form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs
+ the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts
_\bC to a meta character by setting the eighth bit (0200).
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- sets the the maximum number of history entries to the value of
- the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE shell variable. Setting _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a non-nu-
- meric value will set the maximum number of history entries to
- 500.
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ sets the maximum number of history entries to the value of the
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE shell variable. Setting _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a non-numeric
+ value will set the maximum number of history entries to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
Setting this variable to O\bOn\bn makes r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be use a single line for
display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
- s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-f\bf)\b)
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
- s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-b\bb)\b)
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
at the top of the screen.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
- rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
- the current line without clearing the screen.
+ rent line at the top of the screen. With a numeric argument,
+ refresh the current line without clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ point past that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+\bo the number of matches _\bN;
+\bo the word being completed;
- +\bo _\bS:_\bE, where S and E are the start and end offsets of the
+ +\bo _\bS:_\bE, where _\bS and _\bE are the start and end offsets of the
word in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer; then
+\bo each match, one per line
values of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh initializes the history list by reading history en-
- tries from the the file named by the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable (default
+ tries from the file named by the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable (default
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). That file is referred to as the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The
history file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
number of history entries specified by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before attempting the
directory change.
- If c\bcd\bd uses a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH,\b, or if -\b- is
+ If c\bcd\bd uses a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, or if -\b- is
the first argument, and the directory change is successful, c\bcd\bd
writes the absolute pathname of the new working directory to the
standard output.
attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments.
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar". an
+ an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", an
attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an at-
tempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without us-
ing the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
though the shell normally searches for builtins before files.
If -\b-n\bn is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found usin g P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
instead of the shell builtin version, run "enable -n test".
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise it displays a list of all the builtins and
- shell compound commands.
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
+ the builtins and shell compound commands.
+
+ Options, if supplied, have the follow meanings:
+
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
format
-\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn contains pattern matching characters (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn
+ M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) it's treated as a shell pattern and h\bhe\bel\blp\bp prints
+ the description of each help topic matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+
+ If not, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp prints the description associated with that topic. Other-
+ wise, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp performs prefix matching and prints the descriptions
+ of all matching help topics.
+
The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-a\ban\bnr\brw\bw [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-p\bp _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
- Entries prefixed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of _\bn
- lists only the last _\bn entries. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. If h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT, it does
- not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
+ With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
+ Entries prefixed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of _\bn
+ lists only the last _\bn entries. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. If h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT, it does
+ not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
and the history entry.
If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses it as the name of the his-
- tory file; if not, it uses the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is not supplied and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the -\b-a\ba,\b, -\b-n\bn,\b, -\b-r\br,\b,
+ tory file; if not, it uses the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ is not supplied and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the -\b-a\ba,\b, -\b-n\bn,\b, -\b-r\br,\b,
and -\b-w\bw options have no effect.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
can be used with the other options to replace the history
list.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the "new" history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the "new" history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
file and add them to the current history list. These are
lines appended to the history file since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
rent history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output, without stor-
- ing the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output, without stor-
+ ing the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
adding the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by writes the time
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by writes the time
stamp information associated with each history entry to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
- scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
- with the history comment character followed immediately by a
- digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
+ scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
+ with the history comment character followed immediately by a
+ digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
entry.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the
history expansion supplied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs restricts output to information
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs restricts output to information
about that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option
is encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] _\bi_\bd [ ... ]
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal specified by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ Send the signal specified by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
named by each _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or
- a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive signal
- name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or a sig-
- nal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not sup-
+ a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive signal
+ name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or a sig-
+ nal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not sup-
plied, then k\bki\bil\bll\bl sends S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
The -\b-l\bl option lists the signal names. If any arguments are sup-
plied when -\b-l\bl is given, k\bki\bil\bll\bl lists the names of the signals cor-
- responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
- _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a sig-
- nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
- nal; if it is supplied, k\bki\bil\bll\bl prints the name of the signal that
+ responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
+ _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a sig-
+ nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
+ nal; if it is supplied, k\bki\bil\bll\bl prints the name of the signal that
caused the process to terminate. k\bki\bil\bll\bl assumes that process exit
statuses are greater than 128; anything less than that is a sig-
nal number. The -\b-L\bL option is equivalent to -\b-l\bl.
- k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Each _\ba_\br_\bg is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ Each _\ba_\br_\bg is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; otherwise l\ble\bet\bt returns 0.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
For each argument, create a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and assign
- it _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted by d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
+ it _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted by d\bde\be-\b-
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
within a function.
- If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
- function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: any shell options changed
- using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after the call to l\blo\bo-\b-
- c\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the function re-
- turns. The restore is performed as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands
- were executed to restore the values that were in place before
+ If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
+ function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: any shell options changed
+ using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after the call to l\blo\bo-\b-
+ c\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the function re-
+ turns. The restore is performed as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands
+ were executed to restore the values that were in place before
the function.
- With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
+ With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
standard output.
- The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function,
+ The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function,
an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt [\b[_\bn]\b]
- Exit a login shell, returning a status of _\bn to the shell's par-
+ Exit a login shell, returning a status of _\bn to the shell's par-
ent.
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd
- if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
- _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd
+ if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd Use the first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm to terminate each input
+ -\b-d\bd Use the first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm to terminate each input
line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string,
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL charac-
ter.
-\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, copy all lines.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns zero unless an invalid option or option argument
- is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is
+ is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is
not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, so
- p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd is equivalent to "popd +0." With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd re-
- moves the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new
+ Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, so
+ p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd is equivalent to "popd +0." With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd re-
+ moves the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new
top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when removing di-
rectories from the stack, only manipulate the stack.
- +\b+_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ +\b+_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
example: "popd +0" removes the first directory, "popd +1"
the second.
- -\b-_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: "popd
- -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to
+ -\b-_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: "popd
+ -0" removes the last directory, "popd -1" the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
- the directory stack is empty, or _\bn specifies a non-existent di-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
+ the directory stack is empty, or _\bn specifies a non-existent di-
rectory stack entry.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option assigns the output to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option assigns the output to the
variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than printing it to the standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
- addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcC\bCs\bsS\bS-\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcC\bCs\bsS\bS-\b-
n\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\beE\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional for-
mat specifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
number of seconds since the epoch. This format specifier
recognizes two special argument values: -1 represents the
- current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
+ current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
invoked. If no argument is specified, conversion behaves
- as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
+ as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behavior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes. The %S and %C format specifiers
are equivalent to %ls and %lc, respectively.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
- is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
rent locale.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Add a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate the
- stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
- rectory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
+ rectory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
- adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
+ adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
stack.
+\b+_\bn Rotate the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting from
- the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero)
+ the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero)
is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top.
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero un-
- less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero un-
+ less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero unless the directory stack is empty or
_\bn specifies a non-existent directory stack element.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-E\bEe\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs]
[-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Read one line from the standard input, or from the file descrip-
- tor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split it into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and assign the
- first word to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the second
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
- maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable are used
+ tor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split it into
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and assign the
+ first word to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the second
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
+ maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable are used
to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses
for expansion (described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The back-
- slash character (\\b\) removes any special meaning for the next
+ slash character (\\b\) removes any special meaning for the next
character read and is used for line continuation.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm terminates the input line,
- rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm terminates the input line,
+ rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character.
- -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
- R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be's default filename completion.
- -\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
- R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ -\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
bash's default completion, including programmable comple-
tion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bd places
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bd places
_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
- ters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
+ ters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
reads fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters before the delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
it encounters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Any delimiter char-
- acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
+ acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until it has read _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters.
The result is not split on the characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS; the in-
tent is that the variable is assigned exactly the charac-
- ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the -\b-r\br
+ ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the -\b-r\br
option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
- line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
+ line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if it does not
- read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
- characters) within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a
- decimal number with a fractional portion following the
- decimal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, it saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and the exit status is
- greater than 128. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
- ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
- the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if it does not
+ read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
+ characters) within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a
+ decimal number with a fractional portion following the
+ decimal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, it saves any partial input read into
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and the exit status is
+ greater than 128. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
+ the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
zero otherwise.
- -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- Other than the case where _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd ig-
+ Other than the case where _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd ig-
nores any NUL characters in the input.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, r\bre\bea\bad\bd assigns the line read, without
- the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, r\bre\bea\bad\bd assigns the line read, without
+ the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY.
The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
+ times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly vari-
- able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
+ able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
may not be changed by subsequent assignment or unset. If the -\b-f\bf
- option is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell function. The
- -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the -\b-A\bA op-
+ option is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell function. The
+ -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the -\b-A\bA op-
tion restricts the variables to associative arrays. If both op-
- tions are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
- are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, print a list of
- all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
+ tions are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, print a list of
+ all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
the output to a subset of the set of readonly names. The -\b-p\bp op-
tion displays output in a format that may be reused as input.
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
time the readonly attribute is changed by following the variable
- name with =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. This sets the value of the variable is to
+ name with =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. This sets the value of the variable is to
_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be while modifying the readonly attribute.
- The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is
+ The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is
supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
+ Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
value specified by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return
- status is that of the last command executed. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is exe-
- cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
+ status is that of the last command executed. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is exe-
+ cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
status is the last command executed before the trap handler. If
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
+ determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked.
When r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used to terminate execution of a script being ex-
- ecuted by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
+ ecuted by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
significant 8 bits.
- Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before
+ Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before
execution resumes after the function or script.
- The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is supplied a non-nu-
+ The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is supplied a non-nu-
meric argument, or is used outside a function and not during ex-
ecution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo
- s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, ..., $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, ..., $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt or af-
- ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
+ ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
- or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last (subject
- to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl reserved word, part of the test following the
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
+ nal &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last
+ (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or
+ if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
+ If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
+ non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
- below for a reference to a document that details
- how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Enable posix mode; change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ where the default operation differs from the
+ POSIX standard to match the standard. See S\bSE\bEE\bE
+ A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO below for a reference to a document that
+ details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
- If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, s\bse\bet\bt prints the
- current shell option settings. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with
- no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, s\bse\bet\bt prints a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to
- recreate the current option settings on the standard
+ If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, s\bse\bet\bt prints the
+ current shell option settings. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with
+ no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, s\bse\bet\bt prints a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to
+ recreate the current option settings on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the shell does
- not read the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files, shell functions
- are not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bL-\b-
- L\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if
- they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the
- shell is started with the effective user (group) id not
- equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is
- not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the shell does
+ not read the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files, shell functions
+ are not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bL-\b-
+ L\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if
+ they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the
+ shell is started with the effective user (group) id not
+ equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is
+ not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective
user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is
supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
the standard error.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. Using the
- redirection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b> will override this
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. Using the
+ redirection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b> will override this
and force the creation of an output file.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
-\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, unset the positional
parameters. Otherwise, set the positional parameters to
the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin with a -\b-.
-\b- Signal the end of options, and assign all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs
to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv options are
- turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the positional para-
+ turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the positional para-
meters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always zero unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always zero unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
Rename positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b. Parameters
- represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are unset. _\bn must
- be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0,
- no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is assumed to
- be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional parameters are
- not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _\bn is
+ represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are unset. _\bn must
+ be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0,
+ no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is assumed to
+ be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional parameters are
+ not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _\bn is
greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command.
- With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, display a list of all
- settable options, with an indication of whether or not each is
- set; if any _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output is restricted to
+ With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, display a list of all
+ settable options, with an indication of whether or not each is
+ set; if any _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output is restricted to
those options. The -\b-p\bp option displays output in a form that may
be reused as input.
Other options have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are supplied with -\b-q\bq, the return
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are supplied with -\b-q\bq, the return
status is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero oth-
erwise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
Deprecated; a synonym for a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh_\b_s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blp\bpa\bat\bth\bh
- If set, filenames added to the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE array vari-
- able are converted to full pathnames (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ If set, filenames added to the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE array vari-
+ able are converted to full pathnames (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
- c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, the c\bcd\bd command attempts to correct minor errors
- in the spelling of a directory component. Minor errors
- include transposed characters, a missing character, and
+ c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, the c\bcd\bd command attempts to correct minor errors
+ in the spelling of a directory component. Minor errors
+ include transposed characters, a missing character, and
one extra character. If c\bcd\bd corrects the directory name,
- it prints the corrected filename, and the command pro-
+ it prints the corrected filename, and the command pro-
ceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh performs a normal path
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh performs a normal path
search.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh defers the exit until a second exit is
- attempted without an intervening command (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
- T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any
+ attempted without an intervening command (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any
jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS, using the file descriptor
- associated with the standard error if it is a terminal.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS, using the file descriptor
+ associated with the standard error if it is a terminal.
This option is enabled by default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing
- buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a "." in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames _\b. and
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a "." in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames _\b. and
_\b._\b. must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
- e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
+ e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
described above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, pattern matching does not take the
- current locale's collating sequence into account, so b\bb
- will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, pattern matching does not take the
+ current locale's collating sequence into account, so b\bb
+ will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and
lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
- names _\b. and _\b._\b., even if the pattern begins with a ".".
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ names _\b. and _\b._\b., even if the pattern begins with a ".".
This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the user is given
- the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the user is given
+ the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
tion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- In an interactive shell, a word beginning with #\b# causes
- that word and all remaining characters on that line to
- be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
+ In an interactive shell, a word beginning with #\b# causes
+ that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+ be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
above). This option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt
scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref at-
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- displays the message "The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ displays the message "The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been
read".
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not search
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when completion is at-
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when completion is at-
tempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $\b$"\b"..."\b"
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $\b$"\b"..."\b"
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
If set, pathname expansion patterns which match no files
removed, rather than expanding to themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
- If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
+ If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
(see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above). This option is en-
abled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
- argument when the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied. This op-
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ argument when the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied. This op-
tion is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
- assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
- quences by default. If the p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx shell option is also
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ quences by default. If the p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx shell option is also
enabled, e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret any options.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option will override this and force
- the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
- login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option will override this and force
+ the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
+ login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
- ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and
- operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
- of the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and
+ operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
+ of the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
pends on the number of arguments; see below. t\bte\bes\bst\bt uses operator
precedence when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
normal operator precedence.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and the
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and the
fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-argu-
- ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
- the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
+ the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part of
the [\b[[\b[ command, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort using the current lo-
- cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
+ cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
mands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
- The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
- ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
- look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
- Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
- restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
+ The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
+ ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
+ look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
+ Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
+ restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
uses of -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo with the shell's &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| list operators.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bpP\bP] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
- receives any of the signals _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and
+ receives any of the signals _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and
there is a single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is reset
- to the value it had when the shell was started. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
- the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored
+ to the value it had when the shell was started. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored
by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options may
- be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
- and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to change a
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options may
+ be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
+ and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to change a
signal's handling, will display the state of its parent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
- sponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined
+ The -\b-l\bl option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
+ sponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined
in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insen-
- sitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional. If -\b-l\bl is supplied with
+ sitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional. If -\b-l\bl is supplied with
no _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc arguments, it prints a list of valid signal names.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0), _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit from the
- shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed before every
- _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, ((
- arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br com-
- mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the description of the
- e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option (see s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt above) for details of its ef-
- fect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is exe-
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0), _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit from the
+ shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed before every
+ _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, ((
+ arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br com-
+ mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the description of the
+ e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option (see s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt above) for details of its ef-
+ fect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a pipeline
- (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
- compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
- following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a pipeline
+ (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
+ compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
+ following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
- part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or if
- the command's return value is being inverted using !\b!. These are
- the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) option.
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl reserved word, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf state-
+ ment, part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the
+ command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell op-
+ tion), or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
+ tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo In posix mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267).
+\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
+\bo Importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup.
- +\bo Parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
- startup.
+ +\bo Parsing the values of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS and S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell en-
+ vironment at startup.
+\bo Redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
tion operators.
The version number of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
The hardware and operating system
The compiler used to compile
- A description of the bug behaviour
+ A description of the bug behavior
A short script or "recipe" which exercises the bug
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
It's too big and too slow.
There are some subtle differences between b\bba\bas\bsh\bh and traditional versions
- of s\bsh\bh, mostly because of the P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX specification.
+ of s\bsh\bh, mostly because of the POSIX specification.
Aliases are confusing in some uses.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.3 2024 December 12 _\bB_\bA_\bS_\bH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.3 2025 February 24 _\bB_\bA_\bS_\bH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Thu Dec 12 13:37:07 EST 2024
+.\" Last Change: Mon Feb 24 16:09:49 EST 2025
.\"
-.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Builtins section
+.\" For bash_builtins, strip all but "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" section
+.\" For rbash, strip all but "RESTRICTED SHELL" section
+.\"
+.\" Both conditionalize text based on the base page being formatted
+.\" using the zZ and zY registers, respectively
.\"
.\" Ensure the registers are initialized to avoid groff warnings.
.nr zZ +0
.ds zY \" empty
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2024 December 12" "GNU Bash 5.3"
+.TH BASH 1 "2025 February 24" "GNU Bash 5.3"
.\"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds ' \(aq
[options]
[command_string | file]
.SH COPYRIGHT
-.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2024 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2024 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2025 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2025 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Bash
-is an \fBsh\fP-compatible command language interpreter that
+is a command language interpreter that
executes commands read from the standard input, from a string,
or from a file.
+It is a reimplementation and extension of the Bourne shell,
+the historical Unix command language interpreter.
.B Bash
also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP
shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP).
.PP
-POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
+.SM POSIX
+is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
.B Bash
is intended to be a conformant implementation of the
-Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification
-(IEEE Standard 1003.1).
+Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE
+.SM POSIX
+specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1).
.B Bash
-can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
+.SM POSIX
+mode (hereafter referred to as \fIposix mode\fP)
+changes the shell's behavior where its default operation differs
+from the standard to strictly conform to the standard.
+See
+.SM
+.B "SEE ALSO"
+below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
+\fBbash\fP's behavior.
+.B Bash
+can be configured to be
+.SM POSIX\c
+-conformant by default.
.SH OPTIONS
All of the single-character shell options documented in the
description of the \fBset\fP builtin command, including \fB\-o\fP,
.BR sh .
.TP
.B \-\-posix
-Change the behavior of \fBbash\fP where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
-See
-.SM
-.B "SEE ALSO"
-below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-\fBBash\fP's behavior.
+Enable posix mode;
+change the behavior of \fBbash\fP
+where the default operation differs from the
+.SM POSIX
+standard to match the standard.
.TP
.B \-\-restricted
The shell becomes restricted (see
.B \-c
nor the
.B \-s
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (a \fIshell script\fP).
-If
+option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as
+the name of a file containing shell commands (a \fIshell script\fP).
+When
.B bash
is invoked in this fashion,
.B $0
\fBBash\fP's exit status is the exit status of the last command
executed in the script.
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
-Bash first attempts to open the file in the current directory, and,
-if no file is found, then searches the directories in
+.B Bash
+first attempts to open the file in the current directory,
+and, if no file is found, searches the directories in
.SM
.B PATH
for the script.
.B \-\-login
option.
.PP
-An \fIinteractive\fP shell is one started without non-option arguments
+An \fIinteractive shell\fP is one started without non-option arguments
(unless \fB\-s\fP is specified)
and without the
.B \-c
option,
-whose standard input and standard error are
+and whose standard input and standard error are
both connected to terminals (as determined by
.IR isatty (3)),
or one started with the
it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
.B sh
as closely as possible,
-while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
+while conforming to the
+.SM POSIX
+standard as well.
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
-shell with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first attempts to
-read and execute commands from
+shell with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first attempts to read
+and execute commands from
.FN /etc/profile
and
.FN \*~/.profile ,
A non-interactive shell invoked with the name
.B sh
does not attempt to read any other startup files.
+.PP
When invoked as
.BR sh ,
.B bash
.B bash
is started in posix mode, as with the
.B \-\-posix
-command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
+command line option, it follows the
+.SM POSIX
+standard for startup files.
In this mode, interactive shells expand the
.SM
.B ENV
reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution
when the pipeline terminates.
-The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by
+.SM POSIX\c
+\&.
When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize
\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a
.Q \- .
The \fIexpression\fP
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in \fIexpression\fP are not treated
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in \fIexpression\fP are not treated
specially and are removed.
+Since this can potentially result in empty strings, this command treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
.TP
\fB[[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]]\fP
.PD
An additional binary operator, \fB=\*~\fP, is available, with the same
precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP.
When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
-a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly
-(using the POSIX \fIregcomp\fP and \fIregexec\fP interfaces
+a
+.SM POSIX
+extended regular expression and matched accordingly
+(using the
+.SM POSIX
+\fIregcomp\fP and \fIregexec\fP interfaces
usually described in
.IR regex (3)).
The return value is 0 if the string matches
the entire conditional expression.
.RE
.TP
-\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ [ \fBin\fP [ \fIword .\|.\|.\&\fP ] ] ; ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
+\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ [ \fBin\fP \fIword .\|.\|.\&\fP ] ; ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
First, expand The list of words following \fBin\fP, generating a list
of items.
Then, the variable \fIname\fP is set to each element of this list
If the expansion of the items following \fBin\fP results in an empty
list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
.TP
-\fBfor\fP (( \fIexpr1\fP ; \fIexpr2\fP ; \fIexpr3\fP )) ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
+\fBfor\fP (( \fIexpr1\fP ; \fIexpr2\fP ; \fIexpr3\fP )) [;] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression \fIexpr1\fP according
to the rules described below under
.SM
the \fIlist\fP associated with the next pattern list.
Using \fB;;&\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes the shell to test the next
pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated \fIlist\fP
-if the match succeeds.
+if the match succeeds,
continuing the case statement execution as if the pattern list had not matched.
The exit status is zero if no pattern matches.
.IP
\fIcompound\-command\fP is executed whenever \fIfname\fP is specified as the
name of a simple command.
When in posix mode, \fIfname\fP must be a valid shell \fIname\fP
-and may not be the name of one of the POSIX \fIspecial builtins\fP.
+and may not be the name of one of the
+.SM POSIX
+\fIspecial builtins\fP.
In default mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
not contain \fB$\fP.
.PP
.B *
and
.B @
-have special meaning when in double
-quotes (see
+have special meaning when in double quotes
+(see
.SM
.B PARAMETERS
below).
.PP
A
.I variable
-may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+is assigned to using a statement of the form
.RS
.PP
\fIname\fP=[\fIvalue\fP]
assignment statement properties.
.PP
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index,
-the += operator appends to or adds to
+to a shell variable or array index, the
+.Q +=
+operator appends to or adds to
the variable's previous value.
This includes arguments to \fIdeclaration\fP commands such as
-\fBdeclare\fP that accept assignment statements.
-When += is applied to a variable
-for which the \fBinteger\fP attribute has been set,
+.B \%declare
+that accept assignment statements.
+When
+.Q +=
+is applied to a variable for which the
+.B \%integer
+attribute has been set,
the variable's current value and \fIvalue\fP are each evaluated as
arithmetic expressions,
and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's value.
The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an expression.
-When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
+When
+.Q +=
+is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
(see
.B Arrays
-below), the
-variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new
-values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
-maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as additional key\-value pairs
-in an associative array.
+below),
+the variable's value is not unset
+(as it is when using
+.@ = ),
+and new values are appended to the array
+beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays)
+or added as additional key\-value pairs in an associative array.
When applied to a string-valued variable, \fIvalue\fP is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
.PP
Namerefs can be unset using the \fB\-n\fP option to the \fBunset\fP builtin.
Otherwise, if \fBunset\fP is executed with the name of a nameref variable
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
+.PP
+When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name,
+as described below
+(see
+.SM
+.BR ENVIRONMENT ).
.SS Positional Parameters
A
.I positional parameter
.B bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is read-only.
.TP
.B BASHPID
.B BASH_LOADABLES_PATH
A colon-separated list of directories in which the
.B enable
-command.
+command
looks for
dynamically loadable builtins.
.TP
subsequently reset.
.TP
.B READLINE_ARGUMENT
-Any numeric argument given to a \fBreadline\fP command that was defined using
+Any numeric argument given to a
+.B \%readline
+command that was defined using
.Q "bind \-x"
(see
.SM
.B bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is read-only.
.TP
.B SHLVL
.TP
.B CHILD_MAX
Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-\fBBash\fP will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
+\fBBash\fP will not allow this value to be decreased below a
+.SM POSIX\c
+-mandated minimum,
+and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not exceed.
The minimum value is system-dependent.
.TP
.B COLUMNS
if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
by removing the oldest entries.
The history file is also truncated to this size after
-writing it when a shell exits or by the \fBhistory\fP builtin.
+writing it when a shell exits or by the
+.B \%history
+builtin.
If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
The shell sets the default value to the value of
.BR HISTIGNORE .
If the first line was not saved, the second and subsequent lines of
the command are not saved either.
-The pattern matching honors the setting of the \fBextglob\fP shell
-option.
+The pattern matching honors the setting of the
+.B \%extglob
+shell option.
+.IP
+.SM
+.B HISTIGNORE
+subsumes some of the function of
+.SM
+.BR HISTCONTROL .
+A pattern of
+.Q &
+is identical to
+.Q \%ignoredups ,
+and a pattern of
+.Q "[ ]*"
+is identical to
+.Q \%ignorespace .
+Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
+provides the functionality of
+.Q \%ignoreboth .
.TP
.B HISTSIZE
The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
When
.SM
.B HOSTFILE
-is unset, \fBbash\fP clears the the hostname list.
+is unset, \fBbash\fP clears the hostname list.
.TP
.B IFS
The
and is set by the administrator who installs
.BR bash .
A common value is
-.na
-.Q /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin .
-.ad
+.RS
+.RS 5n
+.EX
+/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:\c
+.if \n(LL<78n .br
+/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
+.EE
+.RE
+.RE
.TP
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell
enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if the
.B \-\-posix
-invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
+invocation option had been supplied.
+If it is set while the shell is
running, \fBbash\fP enables posix mode, as if the command
.Q "set \-o posix"
had been executed.
When it appears as the first character on the line,
history substitution repeats the previous command,
replacing one string with another.
-The optional third character is the character which indicates that
-the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
-of a word, normally
-.Q \fB#\fP .
+The optional third character is the
+\fIhistory comment\fP
+character, normally
+.Q \fB#\fP ,
+which indicates
+that the remainder of the line is a comment
+when it appears as the first character of a word.
The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
-that must expand to an integer and are zero-based;
+that must expand to an integer
+(see
+.SM
+.B
+ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
+below)
+and are zero-based;
associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary strings.
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
.PP
-An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax
-\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP.
+The shell performs
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on indexed array subscripts.
+Since this
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+.PP
+The shell performs
+tilde expansion,
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on associative array subscripts.
+Empty strings cannot be used as associative array keys.
+.PP
+\fBBash\fP automatically creates an indexed array
+if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
+.RS
+\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP
+\&.
+.RE
The
.I subscript
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
greater than or equal to zero.
To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
-.B declare \-a \fIname\fP
+.RS
+.BI "declare \-a\ " name
+.RE
(see
.SM
.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
below).
-.B declare \-a \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
+.RS
+\fBdeclare \-a\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
+.RE
is also accepted; the \fIsubscript\fP is ignored.
.PP
Associative arrays are created using
-.BR "declare \-A \fIname\fP" .
+.RS
+.BI "declare \-A\ " name
+.RE
+\&.
.PP
-Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the
-.B declare
+Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
+.B \%declare
and
-.B readonly
+.B \%readonly
builtins.
Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
.PP
\fIname\fP, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of \-1 references the last element.
.PP
-The += operator appends to an array variable when assigning
+The
+.Q +=
+operator appends to an array variable when assigning
using the compound assignment syntax; see
.SM
.B PARAMETERS
Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional
.IR preamble ,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
-a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by
-an optional
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional
.IR postscript .
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained
-within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
-to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces,
+and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string,
+expanding left to right.
.PP
Brace expansions may be nested.
The results of each expanded string are not sorted;
.Q "ade ace abe" .
.PP
A sequence expression takes the form
-\fB{\fP\fIx\fP\fB..\fP\fIy\fP\fB[..\fP\fIincr\fP\fB]}\fP,
+\fIx\fP\fB..\fP\fIy\fP\fB[..\fP\fIincr\fP\fB]\fP,
where \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP are either integers or single letters,
and \fIincr\fP, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
\fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive.
-If either \fIx\fP or \fIy\fP begins with \fI0\fP,
+If either \fIx\fP or \fIy\fP begins with a zero,
each generated term will contain the same number of digits,
zero-padding where necessary.
-When either \fIx\fP or \fPy\fP begins with a zero, the shell
-attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
-zero-padding where necessary.
When letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
+using the C locale.
Note that both \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP must be of the same type
(integer or letter).
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
sequence expression.
Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
.PP
-A \fB{\fP or \fB,\fP may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+A
+.Q {
+or
+Q ,
+may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
being considered part of a brace expression.
-To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string \fB${\fP
-is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace
-expansion until the closing \fB}\fP.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string
+.Q ${
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion,
+and inhibits brace expansion until the closing
+.Q } .
.PP
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
above example:
-.RS
.PP
+.RS
+.EX
mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+.EE
.RE
or
.RS
+.EX
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+.EE
.RE
.PP
Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
.B Bash
-removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
-expansion.
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
For example, a word entered to
.B sh
-as \fIfile{1,2}\fP
+as
+.Q file{1,2}
appears identically in the output.
-\fBBash\fP outputs that word as
-.I file1 file2
+.B Bash
+outputs that word as
+.Q "file1 file2"
after brace expansion.
Start
.B bash
.SM
.BR PARAMETERS )
when they appear as arguments to simple commands.
-\fBBash\fP does not do this, except for the \fIdeclaration\fP commands listed
-above, when in posix mode.
+\fBBash\fP does not do this,
+except for the \fIdeclaration\fP commands listed above,
+when in posix mode.
.SS Parameter Expansion
The
.Q \fB$\fP
If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, an indexed array subscripted by
\fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, or an associative array name, the results differ as
described below.
-If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of
+If \fB:\fP\fIlength\fP is omitted (the first form above), this
+expands to the substring of the value of
\fIparameter\fP starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP
and extending to the end of the value.
+If \fIoffset\fP is omitted,
+it is treated as 0.
+If \fIlength\fP is omitted,
+but the colon after \fIoffset\fP is present,
+it is treated as 0.
\fIlength\fP and \fIoffset\fP are arithmetic expressions (see
.SM
.B
${\fIparameter\fP\fB/%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
.PD
\fBPattern substitution\fP.
-The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion and matched against the expanded value of
-\fIparameter\fP
-using the rules described under
+The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern
+and matched against the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP
+as described under
.B "Pattern Matching"
below.
The longest match of \fIpattern\fP
.PD
\fBCase modification\fP.
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in \fIparameter\fP.
-The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP is tested against
-\fIpattern\fP, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+First, the \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern
+as described below under
+.SM
+.BR "Pattern Matching" .
+.B Bash
+then examines characters in the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP
+against \fIpattern\fP as described below.
+If a character matches the pattern, its case is converted.
The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
.IP
-The \fB\*^\fP operator converts lowercase letters matching \fIpattern\fP
-to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The \fB\*^\*^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the \fB\*^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
+Using
+.Q \*^
+converts lowercase letters matching \fIpattern\fP to uppercase;
+.Q ,
+converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
+The
+\fB\*^\fP and \fB,\fP variants
+examine the first character in the expanded value
+and convert its case if it matches \fIpattern\fP;
+the
+\fB\*^\*^\fP and \fB,,\fP variants
+examine all characters in the expanded value
+and convert each one that matches \fIpattern\fP.
If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches
every character.
.IP
.I expression
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in \fIexpression\fP are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in \fIexpression\fP are not treated
+specially and are removed.
All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal.
The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+Since the way Bash handles double quotes
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expansion treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
.PP
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
expansion.
.PP
-If the \fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, writing to
+If the
+\fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, writing to
the file provides input for \fIlist\fP.
If the
\fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, reading the file
as a redirection.
.PP
Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
-pipes (\fIFIFOs\fP) or the \fB/dev/fd\fP method of naming open files.
+pipes (\fIFIFOs\fP) or the \fI/dev/fd\fP method of naming open files.
.PP
When available, process substitution is performed
simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
.Q .*
one of the patterns in
.SM
-.BR GLOBIGNORE .
+.B GLOBIGNORE\c
+\&.
The
.B dotglob
option is disabled when
pattern matching honors the setting of the \fBextglob\fP shell
option.
.PP
-The
+The value of the
.SM
.B GLOBSORT
shell variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted,
-as described above.
+as described above under
+.BR "Shell Variables" .
.PP
-\fBPattern Matching\fP
+.B "Pattern Matching"
.PP
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
characters described below, matches itself.
Within a bracket expression,
\fIcharacter classes\fP can be specified using the syntax
\fB[:\fP\fIclass\fP\fB:]\fP, where \fIclass\fP is one of the
-following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
+following classes defined in the
+.SM POSIX
+standard:
.IP
.RS
.B
.B noclobber
option to the
.B set
-builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
+builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
whose name results from the expansion of \fIword\fP exists and is
a regular file.
If the redirection operator is
.B noclobber
option to the
.B set
-builtin command is not enabled,
+builtin is not enabled,
\fBbash\fP attempts the redirection
even if the file named by \fIword\fP exists.
.SS Appending Redirected Output
-Redirecting output in this fashion opens
+Redirecting output in this fashion opens
the file whose name results from the expansion of
.I word
for appending on file descriptor
.PP
The shell does not perform
parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
-arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on
+arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion on
.IR word .
.PP
If any part of
.TP
\fIstring1\fP \fB=\fP \fIstring2\fP
True if the strings are equal.
-\fB=\fP should be used with the \fBtest\fP command for POSIX conformance.
+\fB=\fP should be used with the \fBtest\fP command for
+.SM POSIX
+conformance.
When used with the \fB[[\fP command, this performs pattern matching as
described above (\fBCompound Commands\fP).
.TP
.SM
.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
above).
+Since the expansions the \fB[[\fP command performs on
+.I arg1
+and
+.I arg2
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expression evaluation treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
.PD
.SH "SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION"
When the shell executes a simple command, it performs the following
each process has a \fIprocess group ID\fP, and
the operating system maintains the notion of a \fIcurrent terminal
process group ID\fP.
+This terminal process group ID is associated with the
+\fIcontrolling terminal\fP.
+.PP
Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
the same \fIprocess group\fP.
Members of the \fIforeground\fP process group (processes whose
.I foreground
processes.
.I Background
-processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
+processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
+controlling terminal's;
such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the
-user so specifies with
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
+if the user so specifies with
.Q "stty tostop" ,
-write to the terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
-.Q tostop
-is in effect) the terminal are sent a
+write to the controlling terminal.
+The system sends a
.SM
.B "SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)"
-signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
+signal to background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to when
+.Q tostop
+is in effect)
+the terminal,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
.PP
If the operating system on which
are saved.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
-By default, \fBbash\fP sets the the maximum number of history entries to
+By default, \fBbash\fP sets the maximum number of history entries to
the value of the \fBHISTSIZE\fP shell variable.
Setting \fIhistory\-size\fP to a non-numeric value will set
the maximum number of history entries to 500.
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
.TP
-.B shell\-forward\-word
+.B shell\-forward\-word (M\-C\-f)
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
.TP
-.B shell\-backward\-word
+.B shell\-backward\-word (M\-C\-b)
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
.TP
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
-With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
+With a numeric argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
screen.
.TP
.B redraw\-current\-line
.TP
.B transpose\-words (M\-t)
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
-moving point over that word as well.
+moving point past that word as well.
If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
.TP
the word being completed;
.IP \(bu
\fIS\fP:\fIE\fP,
-where S and E are the start and end offsets of the word
+where \fIS\fP and \fIE\fP are the start and end offsets of the word
in the \fBreadline\fP line buffer; then
.IP \(bu
each match, one per line
.PP
On startup, \fBbash\fP initializes the history list
by reading history entries from the
-the file named by the
+file named by the
.SM
.B HISTFILE
variable (default
.IP
If \fBcd\fP uses a non-empty directory name from
.SM
-.BR CDPATH,
+.BR CDPATH ,
or if \fB\-\fP is the first argument, and the directory change is
successful, \fBcd\fP writes the absolute pathname of the new
working directory to the standard output.
.PP
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
an attempt is made to define a function using
-.Q "\-f foo=bar" .
+.Q "\-f foo=bar" ,
an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
using the compound assignment syntax (see
\fIname\fPs are enabled.
For example, to use the
.B test
-binary found usin g
+binary found using
.SM
.B PATH
instead of the shell builtin version, run
If \fB\-n\fP is supplied, print only disabled builtins.
If \fB\-a\fP is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
indication of whether or not each is enabled.
-The \fB\-s\fP option means to restrict the output to the POSIX
+The \fB\-s\fP option means to restrict the output to the
+.SM POSIX
\fIspecial\fP builtins.
.IP
The
The
.B \-d
option will delete a builtin previously loaded with \fB\-f\fP.
-If \fI\-s\fP is used with \fI\-f\fP, the new builtin becomes a POSIX
+If \fI\-s\fP is used with \fI\-f\fP, the new builtin becomes a
+.SM POSIX
special builtin.
.IP
If no options are supplied and a \fIname\fP is not a shell builtin,
is specified,
.B help
gives detailed help on all commands matching
-.IR pattern ;
+.I pattern
+as described below;
otherwise it displays a list of
all the builtins and shell compound commands.
+.IP
+Options, if supplied, have the follow meanings:
.RS
-.PD 0
.TP
+.PD 0
.B \-d
Display a short description of each \fIpattern\fP
.TP
.PD
.RE
.IP
+If \fIpattern\fP contains pattern matching characters
+(see
+.SM
+.B "Pattern Matching"
+above)
+it's treated as a shell pattern and
+\fBhelp\fP prints the description of each
+help topic matching \fIpattern\fP.
+.IP
+If not, and \fIpattern\fP exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+\fBhelp\fP prints the description
+associated with that topic.
+Otherwise, \fBhelp\fP performs prefix matching and
+prints the descriptions of all matching help topics.
+.IP
The return status is 0 unless no command matches
.IR pattern .
.TP
.B while
or
.B until
-keyword,
+reserved word,
part of the test following the
.B if
or
This option is disabled by default.
.TP 8
.B posix
-Change the behavior of
+Enable posix mode;
+change the behavior of
.B bash
where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
+from the
+.SM POSIX
+standard to match the standard.
See
.SM
.B "SEE ALSO"
.B compat43
.TP 8
.B compat44
-.TP 8
-.B compat50
.PD
These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see
.PP
The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that look like primaries.
-The POSIX
+The
+.SM POSIX
standard has deprecated the \fB\-a\fP and \fB\-o\fP
primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
Scripts should no longer use them.
.B while
or
.B until
-keyword,
+reserved word,
part of the test in an
.I if
statement, part of a command executed in a
The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set).
.TP
.B \-q
-The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
+The maximum number of bytes in
+.SM POSIX
+message queues.
.TP
.B \-r
The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
.PD 0
.RS
.IP \(bu
-In \fIposix\fP mode, \fBtime\fP may be followed by options and still be
-recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpretation 267).
+In posix mode, \fBtime\fP may be followed by options and still be
+recognized as a reserved word (this is
+.SM POSIX
+interpretation 267).
.IP \(bu
In \fIposix\fP mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
quotes occur in the \fIword\fP portion of a double-quoted
parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within
the single quotes are considered quoted
-(this is POSIX interpretation 221).
+(this is
+.SM POSIX
+interpretation 221).
.RE
.PD
.TP
In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
the \fIword\fP portion of a double-quoted parameter expansion
and can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character
-(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221);
+(this is part of
+.SM POSIX
+interpretation 221);
in later versions, single quotes
are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
.RE
.IP \(bu
Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
.IP \(bu
-Parsing the value of
+Parsing the values of
+.SM
+.B BASHOPTS
+and
.SM
.B SHELLOPTS
from the shell environment at startup.
.TP
The compiler used to compile
.TP
-A description of the bug behaviour
+A description of the bug behavior
.TP
A short script or \c
.Q recipe " \c"
and traditional versions of
.BR sh ,
mostly because of the
-.SM
-.B POSIX
+.SM POSIX
specification.
.PP
Aliases are confusing in some uses.
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 December 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 February 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2024 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Bash is Copyright © 1989-2025 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
<B>Bash</B>
-is an <B>sh</B>-compatible command language interpreter that
+is a command language interpreter that
executes commands read from the standard input, from a string,
or from a file.
+It is a reimplementation and extension of the Bourne shell,
+the historical Unix command language interpreter.
<B>Bash</B>
also incorporates useful features from the <I>Korn</I> and <I>C</I>
shells (<B>ksh</B> and <B>csh</B>).
<P>
-POSIX is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+is the name for a family of computing standards based on Unix.
<B>Bash</B>
is intended to be a conformant implementation of the
-Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification
-(IEEE Standard 1003.1).
+Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1).
<B>Bash</B>
-can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+mode (hereafter referred to as <I>posix mode</I>)
+changes the shell's behavior where its default operation differs
+from the standard to strictly conform to the standard.
+See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SEE ALSO</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
+<B>bash</B>'s behavior.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+can be configured to be
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+-conformant by default.
<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
<H3>OPTIONS</H3>
<DT><B>--posix</B>
<DD>
-Change the behavior of <B>bash</B> where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (<I>posix mode</I>).
-See
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SEE ALSO</B>
-
-</FONT>
-below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-<B>Bash</B>'s behavior.
+Enable posix mode;
+change the behavior of <B>bash</B>
+where the default operation differs from the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+standard to match the standard.
<DT><B>--restricted</B>
<DD>
nor the
<B>-s</B>
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (a <I>shell script</I>).
-If
+option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as
+the name of a file containing shell commands (a <I>shell script</I>).
+When
<B>bash</B>
is invoked in this fashion,
<B>Bash</B>'s exit status is the exit status of the last command
executed in the script.
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
-Bash first attempts to open the file in the current directory, and,
-if no file is found, then searches the directories in
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+first attempts to open the file in the current directory,
+and, if no file is found, searches the directories in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
option.
<P>
-An <I>interactive</I> shell is one started without non-option arguments
+An <I>interactive shell</I> is one started without non-option arguments
(unless <B>-s</B> is specified)
and without the
<B>-c</B>
option,
-whose standard input and standard error are
+and whose standard input and standard error are
both connected to terminals (as determined by
<I>isatty</I>(3)),
<B>sh</B>
as closely as possible,
-while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
+while conforming to the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+standard as well.
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
-shell with the <B>--login</B> option, it first attempts to
-read and execute commands from
+shell with the <B>--login</B> option, it first attempts to read
+and execute commands from
<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
<B>sh</B>
does not attempt to read any other startup files.
+<P>
+
When invoked as
<B>sh</B>,
is started in posix mode, as with the
<B>--posix</B>
-command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
+command line option, it follows the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+standard for startup files.
In this mode, interactive shells expand the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ENV</B>
reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution
when the pipeline terminates.
-The <B>-p</B> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+The <B>-p</B> option changes the output format to that specified by
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+.
When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize
<B>time</B> as a reserved word if the next token begins with a
The <I>expression</I>
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in <I>expression</I> are not treated
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in <I>expression</I> are not treated
specially and are removed.
+Since this can potentially result in empty strings, this command treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
<DT><B>[[</B> <I>expression</I> <B>]]</B><DD>
Evaluate the conditional expression <I>expression</I>
An additional binary operator, <B>=~</B>, is available, with the same
precedence as <B>==</B> and <B>!=</B>.
When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
-a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly
-(using the POSIX <I>regcomp</I> and <I>regexec</I> interfaces
+a
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+extended regular expression and matched accordingly
+(using the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+<I>regcomp</I> and <I>regexec</I> interfaces
usually described in
<I>regex</I>(3)).
the entire conditional expression.
</DL>
-<DT><B>for</B> <I>name</I> [ [ <B>in</B> [ <I>word ...</I> ] ] ; ] <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
+<DT><B>for</B> <I>name</I> [ [ <B>in</B> <I>word ...</I> ] ; ] <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
First, expand The list of words following <B>in</B>, generating a list
of items.
Then, the variable <I>name</I> is set to each element of this list
The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
If the expansion of the items following <B>in</B> results in an empty
list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
-<DT><B>for</B> (( <I>expr1</I> ; <I>expr2</I> ; <I>expr3</I> )) ; <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
+<DT><B>for</B> (( <I>expr1</I> ; <I>expr2</I> ; <I>expr3</I> )) [;] <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression <I>expr1</I> according
to the rules described below under
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>.
the <I>list</I> associated with the next pattern list.
Using <B>;;&</B> in place of <B>;;</B> causes the shell to test the next
pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated <I>list</I>
-if the match succeeds.
+if the match succeeds,
continuing the case statement execution as if the pattern list had not matched.
The exit status is zero if no pattern matches.
<DT><DD>
<I>compound-command</I> is executed whenever <I>fname</I> is specified as the
name of a simple command.
When in posix mode, <I>fname</I> must be a valid shell <I>name</I>
-and may not be the name of one of the POSIX <I>special builtins</I>.
+and may not be the name of one of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+<I>special builtins</I>.
In default mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
not contain <B>$</B>.
</DL>
and
<B>@</B>
-have special meaning when in double
-quotes (see
+have special meaning when in double quotes
+(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>
</FONT>
A
<I>variable</I>
-may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+is assigned to using a statement of the form
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
<P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index,
-the += operator appends to or adds to
+to a shell variable or array index, the
+
+operator appends to or adds to
the variable's previous value.
This includes arguments to <I>declaration</I> commands such as
-<B>declare</B> that accept assignment statements.
-When += is applied to a variable
-for which the <B>integer</B> attribute has been set,
+<B>declare</B>
+
+that accept assignment statements.
+When
+
+is applied to a variable for which the
+<B>integer</B>
+
+attribute has been set,
the variable's current value and <I>value</I> are each evaluated as
arithmetic expressions,
and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's value.
The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an expression.
-When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
+When
+
+is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
(see
<B>Arrays</B>
-below), the
-variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new
-values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
-maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs
-in an associative array.
+below),
+the variable's value is not unset
+(as it is when using
+
+and new values are appended to the array
+beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays)
+or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
When applied to a string-valued variable, <I>value</I> is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
<P>
Namerefs can be unset using the <B>-n</B> option to the <B>unset</B> builtin.
Otherwise, if <B>unset</B> is executed with the name of a nameref variable
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
+<P>
+
+When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name,
+as described below
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ENVIRONMENT</B>).
+
+</FONT>
<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
<H4>Positional Parameters</H4>
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is read-only.
<DT><B>BASHPID</B>
A colon-separated list of directories in which the
<B>enable</B>
-command.
+command
looks for
dynamically loadable builtins.
<DT><B>BASH_MONOSECONDS</B>
<DT><B>READLINE_ARGUMENT</B>
<DD>
-Any numeric argument given to a <B>readline</B> command that was defined using
+Any numeric argument given to a
+<B>readline</B>
+
+command that was defined using
(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is read-only.
<DT><B>SHLVL</B>
<DD>
Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-<B>Bash</B> will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
+<B>Bash</B> will not allow this value to be decreased below a
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+-mandated minimum,
+and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not exceed.
The minimum value is system-dependent.
<DT><B>COLUMNS</B>
if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
by removing the oldest entries.
The history file is also truncated to this size after
-writing it when a shell exits or by the <B>history</B> builtin.
+writing it when a shell exits or by the
+<B>history</B>
+
+builtin.
If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
The shell sets the default value to the value of
</FONT>
If the first line was not saved, the second and subsequent lines of
the command are not saved either.
-The pattern matching honors the setting of the <B>extglob</B> shell
-option.
+The pattern matching honors the setting of the
+<B>extglob</B>
+
+shell option.
+<DT><DD>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+subsumes some of the function of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+A pattern of
+
+is identical to
+
+and a pattern of
+
+is identical to
+
+Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
+provides the functionality of
+
<DT><B>HISTSIZE</B>
<DD>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOSTFILE</B>
</FONT>
-is unset, <B>bash</B> clears the the hostname list.
+is unset, <B>bash</B> clears the hostname list.
<DT><B>IFS</B>
<DD>
<B>bash</B>.
A common value is
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:
+<BR>
+/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
+
+</DL>
+
+</DL>
+
<DT><B>POSIXLY_CORRECT</B>
<DD>
enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if the
<B>--posix</B>
-invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
+invocation option had been supplied.
+If it is set while the shell is
running, <B>bash</B> enables posix mode, as if the command
had been executed.
When it appears as the first character on the line,
history substitution repeats the previous command,
replacing one string with another.
-The optional third character is the character which indicates that
-the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
-of a word, normally
+The optional third character is the
+<I>history comment</I>
+character, normally
+which indicates
+that the remainder of the line is a comment
+when it appears as the first character of a word.
The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
-that must expand to an integer and are zero-based;
+that must expand to an integer
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below)
+and are zero-based;
associative arrays are referenced using arbitrary strings.
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
<P>
-An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax
-<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>.
+The shell performs
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on indexed array subscripts.
+Since this
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+<P>
+
+The shell performs
+tilde expansion,
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on associative array subscripts.
+Empty strings cannot be used as associative array keys.
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B> automatically creates an indexed array
+if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>
+.
+</DL>
+
The
<I>subscript</I>
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
greater than or equal to zero.
To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
-<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>
+
+</DL>
(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
</FONT>
below).
-<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>declare -a</B> <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]
+</DL>
is also accepted; the <I>subscript</I> is ignored.
<P>
Associative arrays are created using
-<B>declare -A </B><I>name</I>.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>declare -A </B><I>name</I>
+
+</DL>
+.
<P>
-Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the
+Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
<B>declare</B>
and
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
<P>
-The += operator appends to an array variable when assigning
+The
+
+operator appends to an array variable when assigning
using the compound assignment syntax; see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>
<I>preamble</I>,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
-a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by
-an optional
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional
<I>postscript</I>.
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained
-within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
-to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces,
+and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string,
+expanding left to right.
<P>
Brace expansions may be nested.
<P>
A sequence expression takes the form
-<B>{</B><I>x</I><B>..</B><I>y</I><B>[..</B><I>incr</I><B>]}</B>,
+<I>x</I><B>..</B><I>y</I><B>[..</B><I>incr</I><B>]</B>,
where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> are either integers or single letters,
and <I>incr</I>, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
<I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive.
-If either <I>x</I> or <I>y</I> begins with <I>0</I>,
+If either <I>x</I> or <I>y</I> begins with a zero,
each generated term will contain the same number of digits,
zero-padding where necessary.
-When either <I>x</I> or y begins with a zero, the shell
-attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
-zero-padding where necessary.
When letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
+using the C locale.
Note that both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type
(integer or letter).
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
<P>
-A <B>{</B> or <B>,</B> may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+A
+
+or
+Q ,
+may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
being considered part of a brace expression.
-To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string <B>${</B>
-is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace
-expansion until the closing <B>}</B>.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string
+
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion,
+and inhibits brace expansion until the closing
+
<P>
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
above example:
-<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+
</DL>
or
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+
</DL>
<P>
appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
<B>Bash</B>
-removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
-expansion.
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
For example, a word entered to
<B>sh</B>
-as <I>file{1,2}</I>
+as
+
appears identically in the output.
-<B>Bash</B> outputs that word as
-<I>file1 file2</I>
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+outputs that word as
after brace expansion.
Start
</FONT>
when they appear as arguments to simple commands.
-<B>Bash</B> does not do this, except for the <I>declaration</I> commands listed
-above, when in posix mode.
+<B>Bash</B> does not do this,
+except for the <I>declaration</I> commands listed above,
+when in posix mode.
<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
<H4>Parameter Expansion</H4>
If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, an indexed array subscripted by
<B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, or an associative array name, the results differ as
described below.
-If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of
+If <B>:</B><I>length</I> is omitted (the first form above), this
+expands to the substring of the value of
<I>parameter</I> starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>
and extending to the end of the value.
+If <I>offset</I> is omitted,
+it is treated as 0.
+If <I>length</I> is omitted,
+but the colon after <I>offset</I> is present,
+it is treated as 0.
<I>length</I> and <I>offset</I> are arithmetic expressions (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>/%</B><I>pattern</I><B>/</B><I>string</I>}<DD>
<B>Pattern substitution</B>.
-The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion and matched against the expanded value of
-<I>parameter</I>
-using the rules described under
+The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern
+and matched against the expanded value of <I>parameter</I>
+as described under
<B>Pattern Matching</B>
below.
<B>Case modification</B>.
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <I>parameter</I>.
-The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of <I>parameter</I> is tested against
-<I>pattern</I>, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+First, the <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern
+as described below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>Pattern Matching</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+then examines characters in the expanded value of <I>parameter</I>
+against <I>pattern</I> as described below.
+If a character matches the pattern, its case is converted.
The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
<DT><DD>
-The <B>^</B> operator converts lowercase letters matching <I>pattern</I>
-to uppercase; the <B>,</B> operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The <B>^^</B> and <B>,,</B> expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the <B>^</B> and <B>,</B> expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
+Using
+
+converts lowercase letters matching <I>pattern</I> to uppercase;
+
+converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
+The
+<B>^</B> and <B>,</B> variants
+examine the first character in the expanded value
+and convert its case if it matches <I>pattern</I>;
+the
+<B>^^</B> and <B>,,</B> variants
+examine all characters in the expanded value
+and convert each one that matches <I>pattern</I>.
If <I>pattern</I> is omitted, it is treated like a <B>?</B>, which matches
every character.
<DT><DD>
undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in <I>expression</I> are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in <I>expression</I> are not treated
+specially and are removed.
All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal.
The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+Since the way Bash handles double quotes
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expansion treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
<P>
expansion.
<P>
-If the <B>>(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B> form is used, writing to
+If the
+<B>>(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B> form is used, writing to
the file provides input for <I>list</I>.
If the
<B><(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B> form is used, reading the file
<P>
Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
-pipes (<I>FIFOs</I>) or the <B>/dev/fd</B> method of naming open files.
+pipes (<I>FIFOs</I>) or the <I>/dev/fd</I> method of naming open files.
<P>
When available, process substitution is performed
make
one of the patterns in
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>.
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
+.
The
<B>dotglob</B>
option.
<P>
-The
+The value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBSORT</B>
</FONT>
shell variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted,
-as described above.
+as described above under
+<B>Shell Variables</B>.
+
<P>
<B>Pattern Matching</B>
+
<P>
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
Within a bracket expression,
<I>character classes</I> can be specified using the syntax
<B>[:</B><I>class</I><B>:]</B>, where <I>class</I> is one of the
-following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
+following classes defined in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+standard:
<DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<B>
option to the
<B>set</B>
-builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
+builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
whose name results from the expansion of <I>word</I> exists and is
a regular file.
If the redirection operator is
option to the
<B>set</B>
-builtin command is not enabled,
+builtin is not enabled,
<B>bash</B> attempts the redirection
even if the file named by <I>word</I> exists.
<A NAME="lbBM"> </A>
<H4>Appending Redirected Output</H4>
-Redirecting output in this fashion opens
+Redirecting output in this fashion opens
the file whose name results from the expansion of
<I>word</I>
The shell does not perform
parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
-arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on
+arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion on
<I>word</I>.
<P>
<DT><I>string1</I> <B>=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
True if the strings are equal.
-<B>=</B> should be used with the <B>test</B> command for POSIX conformance.
+<B>=</B> should be used with the <B>test</B> command for
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+conformance.
When used with the <B>[[</B> command, this performs pattern matching as
described above (<B>Compound Commands</B>).
<DT><I>string1</I> <B>!=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
</FONT>
above).
+Since the expansions the <B>[[</B> command performs on
+<I>arg1</I>
+
+and
+<I>arg2</I>
+
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expression evaluation treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
each process has a <I>process group ID</I>, and
the operating system maintains the notion of a <I>current terminal
process group ID</I>.
+This terminal process group ID is associated with the
+<I>controlling terminal</I>.
+<P>
+
Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
the same <I>process group</I>.
Members of the <I>foreground</I> process group (processes whose
processes.
<I>Background</I>
-processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
+processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
+controlling terminal's;
such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the
-user so specifies with
-
-write to the terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
+if the user so specifies with
-is in effect) the terminal are sent a
+write to the controlling terminal.
+The system sends a
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)</B>
</FONT>
-signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
+signal to background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to when
+
+is in effect)
+the terminal,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
<P>
are saved.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
-By default, <B>bash</B> sets the the maximum number of history entries to
+By default, <B>bash</B> sets the maximum number of history entries to
the value of the <B>HISTSIZE</B> shell variable.
Setting <I>history-size</I> to a non-numeric value will set
the maximum number of history entries to 500.
<DD>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
-<DT><B>shell-forward-word</B>
+<DT><B>shell-forward-word (M-C-f)</B>
<DD>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
-<DT><B>shell-backward-word</B>
+<DT><B>shell-backward-word (M-C-b)</B>
<DD>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
-With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
+With a numeric argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
screen.
<DT><B>redraw-current-line</B>
<DD>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
-moving point over that word as well.
+moving point past that word as well.
If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<DT><B>shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)</B>
the word being completed;
<DT>*<DD>
<I>S</I>:<I>E</I>,
-where S and E are the start and end offsets of the word
+where <I>S</I> and <I>E</I> are the start and end offsets of the word
in the <B>readline</B> line buffer; then
<DT>*<DD>
each match, one per line
On startup, <B>bash</B> initializes the history list
by reading history entries from the
-the file named by the
+file named by the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
</FONT>
before attempting the directory change.
<DT><DD>
If <B>cd</B> uses a non-empty directory name from
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH,</B>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>,
</FONT>
or if <B>-</B> is the first argument, and the directory change is
For example, to use the
<B>test</B>
-binary found usin g
+binary found using
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
If <B>-n</B> is supplied, print only disabled builtins.
If <B>-a</B> is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
indication of whether or not each is enabled.
-The <B>-s</B> option means to restrict the output to the POSIX
+The <B>-s</B> option means to restrict the output to the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
<I>special</I> builtins.
<DT><DD>
The
<B>-d</B>
option will delete a builtin previously loaded with <B>-f</B>.
-If <I>-s</I> is used with <I>-f</I>, the new builtin becomes a POSIX
+If <I>-s</I> is used with <I>-f</I>, the new builtin becomes a
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
special builtin.
<DT><DD>
If no options are supplied and a <I>name</I> is not a shell builtin,
<B>help</B>
gives detailed help on all commands matching
-<I>pattern</I>;
+<I>pattern</I>
+as described below;
otherwise it displays a list of
all the builtins and shell compound commands.
+<DT><DD>
+Options, if supplied, have the follow meanings:
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
-
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><B>-d</B>
-
+<DT>
<DD>
+<B>-d</B>
+
Display a short description of each <I>pattern</I>
<DT><B>-m</B>
</DL></DL>
+<DT><DD>
+If <I>pattern</I> contains pattern matching characters
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>Pattern Matching</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above)
+it's treated as a shell pattern and
+<B>help</B> prints the description of each
+help topic matching <I>pattern</I>.
+<DT><DD>
+If not, and <I>pattern</I> exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+<B>help</B> prints the description
+associated with that topic.
+Otherwise, <B>help</B> performs prefix matching and
+prints the descriptions of all matching help topics.
<DT><DD>
The return status is 0 unless no command matches
<I>pattern</I>.
or
<B>until</B>
-keyword,
+reserved word,
part of the test following the
<B>if</B>
<DT><B>posix</B>
<DD>
-Change the behavior of
+Enable posix mode;
+change the behavior of
<B>bash</B>
where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (<I>posix mode</I>).
+from the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+standard to match the standard.
See
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SEE ALSO</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>compat44</B>
-<DD>
-<DT><B>compat50</B>
-
<DD>
These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that look like primaries.
-The POSIX
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
standard has deprecated the <B>-a</B> and <B>-o</B>
primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
Scripts should no longer use them.
or
<B>until</B>
-keyword,
+reserved word,
part of the test in an
<I>if</I>
<DT><B>-q</B>
<DD>
-The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
+The maximum number of bytes in
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+message queues.
<DT><B>-r</B>
<DD>
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>*<DD>
-In <I>posix</I> mode, <B>time</B> may be followed by options and still be
-recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpretation 267).
+In posix mode, <B>time</B> may be followed by options and still be
+recognized as a reserved word (this is
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+interpretation 267).
<DT>*<DD>
In <I>posix</I> mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
quotes occur in the <I>word</I> portion of a double-quoted
parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within
the single quotes are considered quoted
-(this is POSIX interpretation 221).
+(this is
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+interpretation 221).
</DL></DL>
In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
the <I>word</I> portion of a double-quoted parameter expansion
and can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character
-(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221);
+(this is part of
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
+interpretation 221);
in later versions, single quotes
are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
</DL></DL>
<DT>*<DD>
Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
<DT>*<DD>
-Parsing the value of
+Parsing the values of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASHOPTS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>
</FONT>
<DT>The version number of <B>bash</B><DD>
<DT>The hardware and operating system<DD>
<DT>The compiler used to compile<DD>
-<DT>A description of the bug behaviour<DD>
+<DT>A description of the bug behavior<DD>
<DT>A short script or <DD>
which exercises the bug
<B>sh</B>,
mostly because of the
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>POSIX</B>
-
-</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1>POSIX</FONT>
specification.
<P>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 December 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2025 February 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbDJ">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241207/doc/bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 12 December 2024 13:38:21 EST
+This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 31 March 2025 10:28:01 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
- Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
‘for’
The syntax of the ‘for’ command is:
- for NAME [ [in [WORDS ...] ] ; ] do COMMANDS; done
+ for NAME [ [in WORDS ...] ; ] do COMMANDS; done
Expand WORDS (*note Shell Expansions::), and then execute COMMANDS
once for each word in the resultant list, with NAME bound to the
executes. If there are no items in the expansion of WORDS, no
commands are executed, and the return status is zero.
- An alternate form of the ‘for’ command is also supported:
+ There is an alternate form of the ‘for’ command which is similar to
+ the C language:
- for (( EXPR1 ; EXPR2 ; EXPR3 )) ; do COMMANDS ; done
+ for (( EXPR1 ; EXPR2 ; EXPR3 )) [;] do COMMANDS ; done
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression EXPR1 according to the
rules described below (*note Shell Arithmetic::). Then, repeatedly
The arithmetic EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules
described below (*note Shell Arithmetic::). The EXPRESSION
undergoes the same expansions as if it were within double quotes,
- but double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated specially
- and are removed. If the value of the expression is non-zero, the
+ but unescaped double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated
+ specially and are removed. Since this can potentially result in
+ empty strings, this command treats those as expressions that
+ evaluate to 0. If the value of the expression is non-zero, the
return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1.
‘[[...]]’
function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the
variable at a previous scope becomes visible. If the unset acts on a
variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name
-that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the
+that had been shadowed becomes visible (see below how the
‘localvar_unset’ shell option changes this behavior).
The ‘-f’ option to the ‘declare’ (‘typeset’) builtin command (*note
is a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the ‘unset’ builtin command.
- A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+ A variable is assigned to using a statement of the form
NAME=[VALUE]
If VALUE is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
VALUEs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
is executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the
variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
+ When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name, as
+described below (*note Environment::).
+
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Positional Parameters, Next: Special Parameters, Up: Shell Parameters
bash$ echo a{d,c,b}e
ade ace abe
- A sequence expression takes the form ‘{X..Y[..INCR]}’, where X and Y
+ A sequence expression takes the form ‘X..Y[..INCR]’, where X and Y
are either integers or letters, and INCR, an optional increment, is an
integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
number between X and Y, inclusive. If either X or Y begins with a zero,
each generated term will contain the same number of digits, zero-padding
where necessary. When letters are supplied, the expression expands to
-each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive, using the
-default C locale. Note that both X and Y must be of the same type
-(integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used as the
-difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as
-appropriate.
+each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive, using the C
+locale. Note that both X and Y must be of the same type (integer or
+letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference
+between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any
characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
- A { or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
+ A ‘{’ or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
considered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with
parameter expansion, the string ‘${’ is not considered eligible for
brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘}’.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+versions of ‘sh’. ‘sh’ does not treat opening or closing braces
+specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the
+output. Bash removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion. For example, a word entered to ‘sh’ as ‘file{1,2}’ appears
+identically in the output. Bash outputs that word as ‘file1 file2’
+after brace expansion. Start Bash with the ‘+B’ option or disable brace
+expansion with the ‘+B’ option to the ‘set’ command (*note Shell Builtin
+Commands::) for strict ‘sh’ compatibility.
+
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Tilde Expansion, Next: Shell Parameter Expansion, Prev: Brace Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
$ var=
+ $ : ${var=DEFAULT}
+ $ echo $var
+
+ $ var=
+ $ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
+ $ echo $var
+ DEFAULT
+ $ unset var
$ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
$ var=
$ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
bash: var: var is unset or null
+ $ echo ${var?var is unset}
+
+ $ unset var
+ $ : ${var?var is unset}
+ bash: var: var is unset
+ $ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
+ bash: var: var is unset or null
+ $ var=123
+ $ echo ${var:?var is unset or null}
+ 123
‘${PARAMETER:+WORD}’
If PARAMETER is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise
$ var=123
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
var is set and not null
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+ var is set
$ var=
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+ var is set
+ $ unset var
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+
+ $ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+
$
‘${PARAMETER:OFFSET}’
LENGTH characters of the value of PARAMETER starting at the
character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is ‘@’ or ‘*’, an
indexed array subscripted by ‘@’ or ‘*’, or an associative array
- name, the results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted,
- it expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at
- the character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the
- value. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
- Arithmetic::).
+ name, the results differ as described below. If :LENGTH is omitted
+ (the first form above), this expands to the substring of the value
+ of PARAMETER starting at the character specified by OFFSET and
+ extending to the end of the value. If OFFSET is omitted, it is
+ treated as 0. If LENGTH is omitted, but the colon after OFFSET is
+ present, it is treated as 0. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic
+ expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::).
If OFFSET evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
as an offset in characters from the end of the value of PARAMETER.
‘${PARAMETER//PATTERN/STRING}’
‘${PARAMETER/#PATTERN/STRING}’
‘${PARAMETER/%PATTERN/STRING}’
- The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
- expansion and matched against the expanded value of PARAMETER
- according to the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::).
- The longest match of PATTERN in the expanded value is replaced with
- STRING. STRING undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable
- expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process substitution,
- and quote removal.
+ The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern and matched against
+ the expanded value of PARAMETER as described below (*note Pattern
+ Matching::). The longest match of PATTERN in the expanded value is
+ replaced with STRING. STRING undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process
+ substitution, and quote removal.
In the first form above, only the first match is replaced. If
there are two slashes separating PARAMETER and PATTERN (the second
‘${PARAMETER,PATTERN}’
‘${PARAMETER,,PATTERN}’
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in
- PARAMETER. The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
- filename expansion. Each character in the expanded value of
- PARAMETER is tested against PATTERN, and, if it matches the
+ PARAMETER. First, the PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern as
+ described below in *note Pattern Matching::.
+
+ ‘Bash’ then examines characters in the expanded value of PARAMETER
+ against PATTERN as described below. If a character matches the
pattern, its case is converted. The pattern should not attempt to
match more than one character.
- The ‘^’ operator converts lowercase letters matching PATTERN to
- uppercase; the ‘,’ operator converts matching uppercase letters to
- lowercase. The ‘^^’ and ‘,,’ expansions convert each matched
- character in the expanded value; the ‘^’ and ‘,’ expansions match
- and convert only the first character in the expanded value. If
- PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a ‘?’, which matches every
- character.
+ Using ‘^’ converts lowercase letters matching PATTERN to uppercase;
+ ‘,’ converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The ‘^’ and
+ ‘,’ variants examine the first character in the expanded value and
+ convert its case if it matches PATTERN; the ‘^^’ and ‘,,’ variants
+ examine all characters in the expanded value and convert each one
+ that matches PATTERN. If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a
+ ‘?’, which matches every character.
If PARAMETER is ‘@’ or ‘*’, the case modification operation is
applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is
3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion
--------------------------
-Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression and substitutes
+Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression and substitutes
the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
$(( EXPRESSION ))
The EXPRESSION undergoes the same expansions as if it were within
-double quotes, but double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated
-specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo
-parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote
-removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be
-evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+double quotes, but unescaped double quote characters in EXPRESSION are
+not treated specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression
+undergo parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and
+quote removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be
+evaluated. Since the way Bash handles double quotes can potentially
+result in empty strings, arithmetic expansion treats those as
+expressions that evaluate to 0. Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
(*note Shell Arithmetic::). If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a
‘GLOBIGNORE’ is unset. The ‘GLOBIGNORE’ pattern matching honors the
setting of the ‘extglob’ shell option.
- After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the
-value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results are
-sorted, as described below (*note Bash Variables::).
+ The value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results
+of pathname expansion are sorted, as described below (*note Bash
+Variables::).
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Pattern Matching, Up: Filename Expansion
[N]>[|]WORD
If the redirection operator is ‘>’, and the ‘noclobber’ option to the
-‘set’ builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file whose
-name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection operator is ‘>’
-and the ‘noclobber’ option is not enabled, Bash attemps the redirection
-even if the file named by WORD exists.
+‘set’ builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the
+file whose name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a
+regular file. If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection
+operator is ‘>’ and the ‘noclobber’ option to the ‘set’ builtin is not
+enabled, Bash attempts the redirection even if the file named by WORD
+exists.
3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output
---------------------------------
The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives any of the signals SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and
there is a single SIGSPEC) or equal to ‘-’, each specified
- SIGSPEC'ss disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
+ SIGSPEC's disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
was started. If ACTION is the null string, then the signal
specified by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it
invokes.
compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
following conditions. The ‘ERR’ trap is not executed if the failed
command is part of the command list immediately following an
- ‘until’ or ‘while’ keyword, part of the test following the ‘if’ or
- ‘elif’ reserved words, part of a command executed in a ‘&&’ or ‘||’
- list except the command following the final ‘&&’ or ‘||’, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, (subject to the state of the
- ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the command's return status is
+ ‘until’ or ‘while’ reserved word, part of the test following the
+ ‘if’ or ‘elif’ reserved words, part of a command executed in a ‘&&’
+ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final ‘&&’ or ‘||’,
+ any command in a pipeline but the last, (subject to the state of
+ the ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the command's return status is
being inverted using ‘!’. These are the same conditions obeyed by
the ‘errexit’ (‘-e’) option.
optional, and Readline does not expand the command string
before saving it. Since the entire key binding expression
must be a single argument, it should be enclosed in single
- quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets thex
+ quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
‘READLINE_LINE’ variable to the contents of the Readline line
buffer and the ‘READLINE_POINT’ and ‘READLINE_MARK’ variables
to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
‘BASH_LOADABLES_PATH’ is system-dependent, and may include "." to
force a search of the current directory. The ‘-d’ option will
delete a builtin loaded with ‘-f’. If ‘-s’ is used with ‘-f’, the
- new builtin becomes a special builtin (*note Special Builtins::).
+ new builtin becomes a POSIX special builtin (*note Special
+ Builtins::).
If no options are supplied and a NAME is not a shell builtin,
‘enable’ will attempt to load NAME from a shared object named NAME,
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, ‘help’ gives detailed help on all commands matching
- PATTERN, otherwise it displays a list of all builtins and shell
- compound commands.
+ PATTERN as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
+ builtins and shell compound commands.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
‘-s’
Display only a short usage synopsis for each PATTERN
+ If PATTERN contains pattern matching characters (*note Pattern
+ Matching::) it's treated as a shell pattern and ‘help’ prints the
+ description of each help topic matching PATTERN.
+
+ If not, and PATTERN exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+ ‘help’ prints the description associated with that topic.
+ Otherwise, ‘help’ performs prefix matching and prints the
+ descriptions of all matching help topics.
+
The return status is zero unless no command matches PATTERN.
‘let’
Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for ‘-t’, which is in
seconds; ‘-R’, which is in microseconds; ‘-p’, which is in units of
512-byte blocks; ‘-P’, ‘-T’, ‘-b’, ‘-k’, ‘-n’ and ‘-u’, which are
- unscaled values; and, when in POSIX Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
+ unscaled values; and, when in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
‘-c’ and ‘-f’, which are in 512-byte increments.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is
a list (*note Lists::), or a compound command (*note Compound
Commands::) returns a non-zero status. The shell does not
exit if the command that fails is part of the command list
- immediately following a ‘while’ or ‘until’ keyword, part of
- the test in an ‘if’ statement, part of any command executed in
- a ‘&&’ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final
+ immediately following a ‘while’ or ‘until’ reserved word, part
+ of the test in an ‘if’ statement, part of any command executed
+ in a ‘&&’ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final
‘&&’ or ‘||’, any command in a pipeline but the last (subject
to the state of the ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the
command's return status is being inverted with ‘!’. If a
successfully. This option is disabled by default.
‘posix’
- Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation
- differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard
- (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is intended to make Bash
- behave as a strict superset of that standard.
+ Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the
+ default operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is
+ intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+ standard.
‘privileged’
Same as ‘-p’.
command (*note The Shopt Builtin::). The options appearing in
‘BASHOPTS’ are those reported as ‘on’ by ‘shopt’. If this variable
is in the environment when Bash starts up, the shell enables each
- option in the list before reading any startup files. This variable
- is readonly.
+ option in the list before reading any startup files. If this
+ variable is exported, child shells will enable each option in the
+ list. This variable is readonly.
‘BASHPID’
Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This
‘ENV’
Expanded and executed similarly to ‘BASH_ENV’ (*note Bash Startup
- Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note
+ Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX mode (*note
Bash POSIX Mode::).
‘EPOCHREALTIME’
substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::). The
first character is the “history expansion” character, the character
which begins a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second
- character is the "quick substitution" character, normally ‘^’.
+ character is the “quick substitution” character, normally ‘^’.
When it appears as the first character on the line, history
substitution repeats the previous command, replacing one string
- with another. The optional third character is the character which
- indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history comment
- character disables history substitution for the remaining words on
- the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat
- the rest of the line as a comment.
+ with another. The optional third character is the “history
+ comment” character, normally ‘#’, which indicates that the
+ remainder of the line is a comment when it appears as the first
+ character of a word. The history comment character disables
+ history substitution for the remaining words on the line. It does
+ not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
+ line as a comment.
‘HISTCMD’
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
‘SHELLOPTS’ are those reported as ‘on’ by ‘set -o’. If this
variable is in the environment when Bash starts up, the shell
enables each option in the list before reading any startup files.
- This variable is readonly.
+ If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+ in the list. This variable is readonly.
‘SHLVL’
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started.
shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as ‘sh’.
‘--posix’
- Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
- from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This is intended to
- make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. *Note Bash
- POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash POSIX mode.
+ Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard.
+ This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+ standard. *Note Bash POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash
+ POSIX mode.
‘--restricted’
Equivalent to ‘-r’. Make the shell a restricted shell (*note The
‘-’
Equivalent to ‘--’.
- A _login_ shell is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
+ A “login shell” is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
or one invoked with the ‘--login’ option.
- An _interactive_ shell is one started without non-option arguments,
+ An “interactive shell” is one started without non-option arguments,
unless ‘-s’ is specified, without specifying the ‘-c’ option, and whose
-input and output (using the standard error) are both connected to
-terminals (as determined by ‘isatty(3)’), or one started with the ‘-i’
-option. *Note Interactive Shells::, for more information.
+standard input and standard error are both connected to terminals (as
+determined by isatty(3)), or one started with the ‘-i’ option. *Note
+Interactive Shells::, for more information.
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the ‘-c’ nor
-the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be
-the name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::).
-When Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the
-file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments.
-Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's
-exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the
-script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as the
+name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::). When
+Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the file,
+and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. Bash
+reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit
+status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script.
+If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. Bash first attempts
+to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found,
+searches the directories in ‘PATH’ for the script.
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Bash Startup Files, Next: Interactive Shells, Prev: Invoking Bash, Up: Bash Features
greater than or equal to ARG2, respectively. ARG1 and ARG2 may be
positive or negative integers. When used with the ‘[[’ command,
ARG1 and ARG2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
- Arithmetic::).
+ Arithmetic::). Since the expansions the ‘[[’ command performs on
+ ARG1 and ARG2 can potentially result in empty strings, arithmetic
+ expression evaluation treats those as expressions that evaluate to
+ 0.
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditional Expressions, Up: Bash Features
and are zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings. Unless
otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
-to using the syntax
+ The shell performs parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic
+expansion, command substitution, and quote removal on indexed array
+subscripts. Since this can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+
+ The shell performs tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+arithmetic expansion, command substitution, and quote removal on
+associative array subscripts. Empty strings cannot be used as
+associative array keys.
+
+ Bash automatically creates an indexed array if any variable is
+assigned to using the syntax
NAME[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE
The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an
-array, use
+indexed array, use
declare -a NAME
(*note Bash Builtins::). The syntax
declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT]
Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these
-areas so that it conforms more closely to the standard.
+areas so that it conforms more strictly to the standard.
Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing
‘set -o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
startup files.
- The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect:
+ The following list is what's changed when POSIX mode is in effect:
1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set.
double-quoted string, even if the ‘histexpand’ option is enabled.
31. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash
- does not print the ‘function’ keyword unless necessary.
+ does not print the ‘function’ reserved word unless necessary.
32. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
expansion results in an invalid expression.
58. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’
prefix.
- 59. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
+ 59. The ‘kill’ builtin returns a failure status if any of the pid or
+ job arguments are invalid or if sending the specified signal to any
+ of them fails. In default mode, ‘kill’ returns success if the
+ signal was successfully sent to any of the specified processes.
+
+ 60. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers,
instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length
modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available.
- 60. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 61. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the ‘-P’ option.
- 61. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 62. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 62. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 64. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 64. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
+ 65. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
evaluating the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators.
- 65. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
+ 66. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain
cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards
compatibility.
- 66. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
+ 67. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
‘SIG’.
- 67. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 68. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use ‘-’ as the first argument.
- 68. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ 69. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
started, not just trapped signals.
- 69. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 70. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’.
- 70. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
+ 71. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
and ‘-f’ options.
- 71. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
+ 72. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’
variable, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
- 72. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
+ 73. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to
unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope
as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is
further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the
utility shall persist" behavior.
- 73. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
+ 74. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 74. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin returns it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
collation sequence and strcoll(3).
‘compat41’
- • In posix mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
+ • In POSIX mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpretation
267).
- • In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of
+ • In POSIX mode, the parser requires that an even number of
single quotes occur in the WORD portion of a double-quoted
${...} parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that
characters within the single quotes are considered quoted
• The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution
does not undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after
bash-4.2.
- • In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ • In POSIX mode, single quotes are considered special when
expanding the WORD portion of a double-quoted ${...} parameter
expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other
special character (this is part of POSIX interpretation 221);
‘compat43’
• Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that
- cause the current command to fail, even in posix mode (the
+ cause the current command to fail, even in POSIX mode (the
default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the
shell to exit).
• When executing a shell function, the loop state
• Variable assignments preceding builtins like ‘export’ and
‘readonly’ that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
- shell is not in posix mode.
+ shell is not in POSIX mode.
‘compat50 (set using BASH_COMPAT)’
• Bash-5.1 changed the way ‘$RANDOM’ is generated to introduce
To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
control, each process has a “process group ID”, and the operating system
-maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. Processes
-that have the same process group ID are said to be part of the same
-“process group”. Members of the foreground process group (processes
-whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group
-ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as ‘SIGINT’. Processes in
-the foreground process group are said to be foreground processes.
-Background processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
-terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the user so
-specifies with ‘stty tostop’, write to the terminal. Background
-processes which attempt to read from (write to when ‘tostop’ is in
-effect) the terminal are sent a ‘SIGTTIN’ (‘SIGTTOU’) signal by the
-kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. This
+terminal process group ID is associated with the “controlling terminal”.
+
+ Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
+the same “process group”. Members of the foreground process group
+(processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal
+process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as ‘SIGINT’.
+Processes in the foreground process group are said to be foreground
+processes. Background processes are those whose process group ID
+differs from the controlling terminal's; such processes are immune to
+keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to
+read from or, if the user so specifies with ‘stty tostop’, write to the
+controlling terminal. The system sends a ‘SIGTTIN’ (‘SIGTTOU’) signal
+to background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
+‘tostop’ is in effect) the terminal, which, unless caught, suspends the
+process.
If the operating system on which Bash is running supports job
control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the “suspend”
list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are
deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less
than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. By
- default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries
- to the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to
- set HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
+ default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
+ the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to set
+ HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
history entries will be set to 500.
‘horizontal-scroll-mode’
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be
used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to
- be a function name. Tthe backslash escapes described above are
+ be a function name. The backslash escapes described above are
expanded in the macro body. Backslash will quote any other
character in the macro text, including ‘"’ and ‘'’. For example,
the following binding will make ‘‘C-x’ \’ insert a single ‘\’ into
Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key binding,
variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
- # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
+ # This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
‘clear-screen (C-l)’
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the current
- line at the top of the screen.
+ line at the top of the screen. If given a numeric argument, this
+ refreshes the current line without clearing the screen.
‘redraw-current-line ()’
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This performs
alias and history expansion, $'STRING' and $"STRING" quoting, tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
- command and proces substitution, word splitting, and quote removal.
- An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
+ command and process substitution, word splitting, and quote
+ removal. An explicit argument suppresses command and process
+ substitution.
‘history-expand-line (M-^)’
Perform history expansion on the current line.
specification from the word designator. It may be omitted if the word
designator begins with a ‘^’, ‘$’, ‘*’, ‘-’, or ‘%’. Words are numbered
from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0
-(zero). Words are inserted into the current line separated by single
-spaces.
+(zero). That first word is usually the command word, and the arguments
+begin with the second word. Words are inserted into the current line
+separated by single spaces.
For example,
preceding command is repeated in toto.
‘!!:$’
- designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be
+ designates the last word of the preceding command. This may be
shortened to ‘!$’.
‘!fi:2’
• The version number of Bash.
• The hardware and operating system.
• The compiler used to compile Bash.
- • A description of the bug behaviour.
+ • A description of the bug behavior.
• A short script or 'recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
to reproduce it.
• Bash implements command aliases and the ‘alias’ and ‘unalias’
builtins (*note Aliases::).
- • Bash implements the ‘!’ keyword to negate the return value of a
- pipeline (*note Pipelines::). This is very useful when an ‘if’
+ • Bash implements the ‘!’ reserved word to negate the return value of
+ a pipeline (*note Pipelines::). This is very useful when an ‘if’
statement needs to act only if a test fails. The Bash ‘-o
pipefail’ option to ‘set’ will cause a pipeline to return a failure
status if any command fails (*note The Set Builtin::).
(line 179)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 231)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 374)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 375)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 59)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 28)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 61)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 394)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 403)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 428)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 433)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 404)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 438)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 443)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 478)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 488)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 70)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 263)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 548)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 558)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 669)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 275)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 325)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 668)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 678)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 139)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 444)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 510)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 673)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 710)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 716)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 683)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 720)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 726)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 515)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 824)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 834)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 533)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 126)
+ (line 128)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 126)
+ (line 128)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* }: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
* auto_resume: Job Control Variables.
(line 6)
* BASH: Bash Variables. (line 24)
-* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 43)
-* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 52)
-* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 66)
-* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 79)
-* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 87)
-* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 96)
-* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 103)
-* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 119)
-* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 125)
-* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 128)
-* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 138)
-* BASH_MONOSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 142)
-* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 149)
-* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 157)
-* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 165)
-* BASH_TRAPSIG: Bash Variables. (line 171)
-* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 177)
-* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 200)
-* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 204)
+* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 44)
+* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 53)
+* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 67)
+* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 80)
+* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 88)
+* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 97)
+* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 104)
+* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 120)
+* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 126)
+* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 129)
+* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 139)
+* BASH_MONOSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 143)
+* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 150)
+* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 158)
+* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 166)
+* BASH_TRAPSIG: Bash Variables. (line 172)
+* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 178)
+* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 201)
+* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 205)
* BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 27)
-* BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 36)
+* BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 37)
* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 64)
* bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 79)
* CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 9)
-* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 216)
+* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 217)
* colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 84)
* colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 94)
-* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 223)
+* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 224)
* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 100)
-* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 229)
-* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 235)
-* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 241)
-* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 246)
-* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 254)
-* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 264)
-* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 270)
+* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 230)
+* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 236)
+* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 242)
+* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 247)
+* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 255)
+* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 265)
+* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 271)
* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 104)
* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 122)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 131)
-* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 277)
+* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 278)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 142)
-* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 283)
-* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 287)
+* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 284)
+* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 288)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 154)
* echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 159)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 164)
-* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 297)
+* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 298)
* emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 170)
* enable-active-region The: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 202)
* enable-meta-key: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 207)
-* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 302)
-* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 307)
-* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 315)
-* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 322)
-* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 326)
+* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 303)
+* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 308)
+* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 316)
+* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 323)
+* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 327)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 217)
-* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 338)
-* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 341)
+* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 339)
+* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 342)
* force-meta-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 221)
-* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 347)
-* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 364)
-* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 369)
-* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 376)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 414)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 420)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 435)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 441)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 459)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 465)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 476)
+* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 348)
+* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 365)
+* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 370)
+* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 377)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 415)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 421)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 437)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 443)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 461)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 467)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 478)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 234)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 240)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 507)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 502)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 509)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 250)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 516)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 527)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 530)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 518)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 529)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 532)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 533)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 535)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 542)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 546)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 548)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 269)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 276)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 552)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 556)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 560)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 567)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 554)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 558)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 562)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 569)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 572)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 576)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 580)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 584)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 591)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 597)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 574)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 578)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 582)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 586)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 593)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 599)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 24)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 601)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 603)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 29)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 609)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 611)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 306)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 323)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 613)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 615)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 36)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 616)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 618)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 40)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 621)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 623)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 328)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 337)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 44)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 624)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 634)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 644)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 648)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 654)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 660)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 626)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 636)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 646)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 650)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 656)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 662)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 58)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 665)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 678)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 681)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 689)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 693)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 697)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 707)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 667)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 672)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 680)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 683)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 691)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 695)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 699)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 705)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 709)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 350)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 357)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 711)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 721)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 726)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 735)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 713)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 723)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 728)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 738)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 362)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 377)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 383)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 740)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 743)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 749)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 788)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 800)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 804)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 752)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 791)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 803)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 807)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 396)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
* accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History.
(line 6)
* alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 133)
+ (line 134)
* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 18)
* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 18)
* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing.
(line 50)
* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6)
* display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 147)
+ (line 148)
* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 14)
* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 69)
* dynamic-complete-history (M-<TAB>): Commands For Completion.
(line 115)
* edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 142)
+ (line 143)
* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9)
* end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6)
* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History.
* glob-list-expansions (C-x g): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 114)
* history-and-alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 136)
+ (line 137)
* history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 126)
+ (line 127)
* history-search-backward (): Commands For History.
(line 53)
* history-search-forward (): Commands For History.
* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion.
(line 24)
* insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 139)
+ (line 140)
* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing.
(line 6)
* kill-region (): Commands For Killing.
* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing.
(line 23)
* magic-space (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 129)
+ (line 130)
* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion.
(line 28)
* menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion.
* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 28)
* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 6)
-* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 61)
+* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 62)
* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History.
(line 29)
* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
-* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 136)
+* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 137)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* internationalized scripts: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 133)
+* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 134)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 50)
* name: Definitions. (line 55)
Node: Lists\7f30718
Node: Compound Commands\7f32590
Node: Looping Constructs\7f33599
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f36118
-Node: Command Grouping\7f51054
-Node: Coprocesses\7f52546
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f55232
-Node: Shell Functions\7f56150
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f64602
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f69327
-Node: Special Parameters\7f70417
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f73878
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f76067
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f78768
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f81723
-Node: Command Substitution\7f101483
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f105012
-Node: Process Substitution\7f106025
-Node: Word Splitting\7f107133
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f109577
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f112840
-Node: Quote Removal\7f118563
-Node: Redirections\7f118867
-Node: Executing Commands\7f129095
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f129762
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f131870
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f134314
-Node: Environment\7f137762
-Node: Exit Status\7f139665
-Node: Signals\7f141723
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f146652
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f149950
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f152061
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f178626
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f215074
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f215416
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f227370
-Node: Special Builtins\7f244422
-Node: Shell Variables\7f245411
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f245845
-Node: Bash Variables\7f248353
-Node: Bash Features\7f287048
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f288062
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f294488
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f299730
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f300138
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f300800
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f301624
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f305385
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f310596
-Node: Aliases\7f313925
-Node: Arrays\7f317059
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f324143
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f324940
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f329385
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f332270
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f335152
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f353214
-Node: Job Control\7f362221
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f362678
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f368956
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f375638
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f376869
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f378572
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f380924
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f382112
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f383920
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f384916
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f386939
-Node: Searching\7f387996
-Node: Readline Init File\7f390239
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f391542
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f418372
-Node: Sample Init File\7f422757
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f425878
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f427416
-Node: Commands For History\7f429784
-Node: Commands For Text\7f435174
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f439299
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f442087
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f443239
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f448935
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f449636
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f456196
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f457173
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f465910
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f477647
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f482992
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f483673
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f487408
-Node: History Interaction\7f493879
-Node: Event Designators\7f498829
-Node: Word Designators\7f500407
-Node: Modifiers\7f502711
-Node: Installing Bash\7f504648
-Node: Basic Installation\7f505764
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f509640
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f510390
-Node: Installation Names\7f512143
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f514377
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f515123
-Node: Operation Controls\7f515837
-Node: Optional Features\7f516856
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f529236
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f530594
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f552014
-Node: Indexes\7f577191
-Node: Builtin Index\7f577642
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f584740
-Node: Variable Index\7f587185
-Node: Function Index\7f604598
-Node: Concept Index\7f618593
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f36148
+Node: Command Grouping\7f51218
+Node: Coprocesses\7f52710
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f55396
+Node: Shell Functions\7f56314
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f64762
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f69663
+Node: Special Parameters\7f70753
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f74214
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f76403
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f79739
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f82694
+Node: Command Substitution\7f103337
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f106866
+Node: Process Substitution\7f108042
+Node: Word Splitting\7f109150
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f111594
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f114818
+Node: Quote Removal\7f120541
+Node: Redirections\7f120845
+Node: Executing Commands\7f131108
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f131775
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f133883
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f136327
+Node: Environment\7f139775
+Node: Exit Status\7f141678
+Node: Signals\7f143736
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f148665
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f151963
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f154074
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f180644
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f217568
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f217910
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f229904
+Node: Special Builtins\7f246956
+Node: Shell Variables\7f247945
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f248379
+Node: Bash Variables\7f250887
+Node: Bash Features\7f289792
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f290806
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f297390
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f302632
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f303040
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f303702
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f304526
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f308287
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f313704
+Node: Aliases\7f317033
+Node: Arrays\7f320167
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f327755
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f328552
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f332997
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f335882
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f338764
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f357121
+Node: Job Control\7f366128
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f366585
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f372953
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f379635
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f380866
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f382569
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f384921
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f386109
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f387917
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f388913
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f390936
+Node: Searching\7f391993
+Node: Readline Init File\7f394236
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f395539
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f422364
+Node: Sample Init File\7f426749
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f429869
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f431407
+Node: Commands For History\7f433871
+Node: Commands For Text\7f439261
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f443386
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f446174
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f447326
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f453022
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f453723
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f460290
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f461267
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f470004
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f481741
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f487086
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f487767
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f491502
+Node: History Interaction\7f497973
+Node: Event Designators\7f502923
+Node: Word Designators\7f504501
+Node: Modifiers\7f506893
+Node: Installing Bash\7f508830
+Node: Basic Installation\7f509946
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f513822
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f514572
+Node: Installation Names\7f516325
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f518559
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f519305
+Node: Operation Controls\7f520019
+Node: Optional Features\7f521038
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f533418
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f534775
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f556201
+Node: Indexes\7f581378
+Node: Builtin Index\7f581829
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f588927
+Node: Variable Index\7f591372
+Node: Function Index\7f608785
+Node: Concept Index\7f622780
\1f
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-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 403.2 Q F1 .017(If ar)108 415.2 R
-.016(guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F2
-<ad63>2.516 E F1 .016(nor the)2.516 F F2<ad73>2.516 E F1 .016
-(option has been supplied, the \214rst)2.516 F(ar)108 427.2 Q .109(gume\
-nt is assumed to be the name of a \214le containing shell commands \(a)
--.18 F F0 .11(shell script)2.61 F F1 2.61(\). If)B F2(bash)2.61 E F1 .11
-(is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .257(in this f)108 439.2 R
-(ashion,)-.1 E F2($0)2.757 E F1 .257(is set to the name of the \214le, \
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--.18 E(ments.)108 451.2 Q F2(Bash)5.199 E F1 .199(reads and e)2.699 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cutes commands from this \214le, then e).15 F(xits.)
--.15 E F2(Bash)5.2 E F1 1.3 -.55('s e)D .2(xit status is the e).4 F .2
-(xit status of)-.15 F .587(the last command e)108 463.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(xe)-.15 G .586(cuted, the e).15 F .586(xit status is 0.)-.15 F .586
-(An attempt is)5.586 F .367
-(\214rst made to open the \214le in the current directory)108 475.2 R
-2.868(,a)-.65 G .368
-(nd, if no \214le is found, then the shell searches the direc-)-2.868 F
-(tories in)108 487.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F1(for the script.)
-2.25 E F4(INV)72 504 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F1(A)108 516 Q F0(lo)2.5
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-(gument zero is a)-.18 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)-2.5 G
-(ne started with the)-2.5 E F2(\255\255login)2.5 E F1(option.)2.5 E(An)
-108 532.8 Q F0(inter)2.734 E(active)-.15 E F1 .234
-(shell is one started without non-option ar)2.734 F .234
-(guments \(unless)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.734 E F1 .233
-(is speci\214ed\) and without the)2.734 F F2<ad63>2.733 E F1 .352(optio\
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-F .946(started with the)108 556.8 R F2<ad69>3.445 E F1(option.)3.445 E
-F3(PS1)5.945 E F1 .945(is set and)3.195 F F2<24ad>3.445 E F1(includes)
-3.445 E F2(i)3.445 E F1(if)3.445 E F2(bash)3.445 E F1 .945(is interacti)
-3.445 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.445(,a).15 G(llo)-3.445 E .945
-(wing a shell script or a)-.25 F(startup \214le to test this state.)108
-568.8 Q .032(The follo)108 585.6 R .032(wing paragraphs describe ho)-.25
-F(w)-.25 E F2(bash)2.532 E F1 -.15(exe)2.532 G .032
-(cutes its startup \214les.).15 F .032(If an)5.032 F 2.532(yo)-.15 G
-2.532(ft)-2.532 G .032(he \214les e)-2.532 F .033(xist b)-.15 F .033
-(ut cannot be)-.2 F(read,)108 597.6 Q F2(bash)2.6 E F1 .1
-(reports an error)2.6 F 5.1(.T)-.55 G .1(ildes are e)-5.45 F .099
-(xpanded in \214lenames as described belo)-.15 F 2.599(wu)-.25 G(nder)
--2.599 E F2 -.18(Ti)2.599 G .099(lde Expansion).18 F F1(in)2.599 E(the)
-108 609.6 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(section.)2.25 E(When)108
-626.4 Q F2(bash)2.895 E F1 .395(is in)2.895 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
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--.15(ve l)-.25 H .396(ogin shell, or as a non-interacti).15 F .696 -.15
-(ve s)-.25 H .396(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)2.896 E F1 .396
-(option, it)2.896 F 1.334(\214rst reads and e)108 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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--.45 E F1 3.834(,i)C 3.833(ft)-3.834 G 1.333(hat \214le e)-3.833 F 3.833
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-(looks for)108 650.4 R F0(\001/.bash_pr)3.975 E(o\214le)-.45 E F1(,)A F0
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-(o\214le)-.18 E F1 .182(option may be used when the shell is started)
-2.683 F(to inhibit this beha)108 674.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 1.104
-(When an interacti)108 691.2 R 1.404 -.15(ve l)-.25 H 1.104
-(ogin shell e).15 F 1.104(xits, or a non-interacti)-.15 F 1.404 -.15
-(ve l)-.25 H 1.104(ogin shell e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.104(cutes the).15
-F F2(exit)3.604 E F1 -.2(bu)3.604 G 1.104(iltin command,).2 F F2(bash)
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-(When an interacti)108 720 R 1.998 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.698
-(hell that is not a login shell is started,).15 F F2(bash)4.197 E F1
-1.697(reads and e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.697(cutes commands from).15 F
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(2)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-(cute commands from).15 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F0
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--.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806(un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805
-(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
--.27(BA)108 124.8 S(SH_ENV).27 E F1 1.01(in the en)3.26 F 1.01
-(vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01
-(alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F
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-(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E F2(Bash)5 E F1(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa)
-.15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing command were e)
--.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
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-(TH)-.189 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G
-(riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 187.2 Q
-F2(bash)3.417 E F1 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw)
-.1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F2(sh)3.417 E F1 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt)
--3.417 G .917(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917
-(vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.417 E F1(as)
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-(closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.)
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--.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 211.2 R 1.564 -.15
-(ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F1 1.264
-(option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263
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-(option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.856 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E
-.418(When in)108 235.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918
-(sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F1
-.418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue)
--.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 247.2 R .171
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in)
--2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 259.2 Q F2(sh)3.081 E F1
-.581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581
-(cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58
-(ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F2<adad72>3.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F1
-.58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 271.2 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F
-(non-interacti)2.682 E .482 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .182(hell in).15 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.682(dw).1 G .182(ith the name)-2.682 F F2(sh)2.682 E
-F1 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183
-(ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 283.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
-.2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F1(enters)2.5
-E F0(posix)3.75 E F1(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E
-(When)108 300 Q F2(bash)2.727 E F1 .226(is started in)2.727 F F0(posix)
-3.976 E F1 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F2(\255\255posix)2.726 E F1
-.226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-)-.25
-F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 312 R .341(In this mode, interacti)
-5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 F .341(xpand the)-.15 F
-F3(ENV)2.841 E F1 -.25(va)2.591 G .342(riable and commands are read and)
-.25 F -.15(exe)108 324 S(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E
-(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)
-2.5 E F2(Bash)108 340.8 Q F1 .224(attempts to determine when it is bein\
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-(ork connection,)-.1 F .521(as when e)108 352.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .521
-(cuted by the historical remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F0 -.1(rs)
-3.021 G(hd).1 E F1 3.021(,o)C 3.021(rt)-3.021 G .521
-(he secure shell daemon)-3.021 F F0(sshd)3.022 E F1 5.522(.I)C(f)-5.522
-E F2(bash)108 364.8 Q F1 1.523(determines it is being run non-interacti)
-4.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.523(ly in this f).15 F 1.522
-(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.522(cutes commands from)
-.15 F F0(\001/.bashr)108 376.8 Q(c)-.37 E F1 2.748(,i)C 2.748(ft)-2.748
-G .248(hat \214le e)-2.748 F .248(xists and is readable.)-.15 F .249
-(It will not do this if in)5.248 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.749(da).1
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-E(c)-.18 E F1 .249(option may be)2.749 F .61(used to inhibit this beha)
-108 388.8 R(vior)-.2 E 3.11(,a)-.4 G .61(nd the)-3.11 F F2<adad72>3.11 E
-(c\214le)-.18 E F1 .609
-(option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.11 F .609
-(ut nei-)-.2 F(ther)108 400.8 Q F0 -.1(rs)2.5 G(hd).1 E F1(nor)2.5 E F0
-(sshd)2.5 E F1(generally in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H
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-(hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E .433(If the shell is started with the ef)
-108 417.6 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433
-(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F
-F2<ad70>2.934 E F1(op-)2.934 E 1.124(tion is not supplied, no startup \
-\214les are read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108
-429.6 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 441.6 Q F5(,)A F3
--.27(BA)2.959 G(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
-.855 E F5(,)A F1(and)2.959 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F1 -.25(va)2.959 G
-.709(riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F
-.71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 453.6 R(fecti)-.25
-E 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F
-.904(If the)5.904 F F2<ad70>3.404 E F1 .904(option is supplied at in)
-3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 465.6 Q
-(vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)
--.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)
-72 482.4 Q F1(The follo)108 494.4 Q
-(wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25
-E F2(blank)108 506.4 Q F1 2.5(As)144 506.4 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E
-F2 -.1(wo)108 518.4 S(rd).1 E F1 2.5(As)144 518.4 S
-(equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E
-(Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(name)108
-530.4 Q F1(A)144 530.4 Q F0(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F1 .165
-(consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be)
-3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F
-(betic character or an underscore.)144 542.4 Q(Also referred to as an)5
-E F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 554.4 Q F1 2.5(Ac)
-144 566.4 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5
-(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144
-578.4 S 2.5(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 590.4 Q(ol operator)-.18 E
-F1(A)144 602.4 Q F0(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1
-(that performs a control function.)2.5 E(It is one of the follo)5 E
-(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5(|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 614.4 R
-(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 631.2 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F0 .307
-(Reserved wor)108 643.2 R(ds)-.37 E F1 .307(are w)2.807 F .307
-(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306
-(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w)
--.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 655.2 Q .313
-(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314
-(ord of a command \(see)-.1 F F3 .314(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.814 F F1(belo)
-2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F -.1(wo)108 667.2 S .644(rd of a).1 F
-F2(case)3.144 E F1(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F1 .643(command \(only)
-3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1 .643(is v)3.143 F .643(alid\), or the third w)
--.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r).25 E F1 .643
-(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1(and)3.143 E F2(do)3.143 E F1
-(are v)108 679.2 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 696 S 8.795(ase copr)
--11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795
-(or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144
-708 R F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 84 Q F1
-(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 96 Q
-(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Simple Commands)87 112.8 Q F1(A)108 124.8 Q F0 .389(simple command)
-2.889 F F1 .389(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388
-(ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .388(wed by)-.25 F F3(blank)2.888 E F1
-.388(-separated w)B .388(ords and)-.1 F .815
-(redirections, and terminated by a)108 136.8 R F0(contr)3.315 E .815
-(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F1 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F
-.816(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15
-E(and is passed as ar)108 148.8 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5
-E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(The return v)108 165.6 Q(alue of a)
--.25 E F0(simple command)2.5 E F1(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+)
--.15 E F0(n)A F1(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F0(n)
-2.86 E F1(.).24 E F3(Pipelines)87 182.4 Q F1(A)108 194.4 Q F0(pipeline)
-2.996 E F1 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \
-of the control operators)2.996 F F3(|)2.996 E F1(or)2.996 E F3(|&)2.996
-E F1 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 206.4 Q([)144
-223.2 Q F3(time)A F1([)2.5 E F3<ad70>A F1(]] [ ! ])A F0(command1)2.5 E
-F1 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(|)-2.5 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F3(|&)A F1(])A F0
-(command2)2.5 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H .799(The standard output of)
-108 240 R F0(command1)3.499 E F1 .799
-(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F F0(command2)
-3.5 E F1 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215
-(nection is performed before an)108 252 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214
-(edirections speci\214ed by the)-2.715 F F0(command1)2.914 E F1(\(see)A
-/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.714 E F1(belo)2.464 E 2.714(w\). If)
--.25 F F3(|&)2.714 E F1 .126(is used,)108 264 R F0(command1)2.626 E F1
-1.226 -.55('s s)D .126(tandard error).55 F 2.626(,i)-.4 G 2.626(na)
--2.626 G .126(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.626 F
-F0(command2)2.626 E F1 1.226 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028
-(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 276 R F3 .028(2>&1 |)
-2.528 F F1 5.028(.T)C .028
-(his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F
-(dard output is performed after an)108 288 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G
-(edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F0(command1)2.5 E F1(.)A .48
-(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 304.8 R .48
-(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F3(pipefail)2.98 E F1
-.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 316.8 Q F3(pipefail)2.687 E F1 .187
-(is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186
-(eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15
-F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 328.8 R .611
-(xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611
-(he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(!)3.111 E F1 .611
-(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S .55
-(it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55
-(tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F
-(all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108
-352.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 369.6 R F3(time)2.799 E F1(reserv)
-2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\
-ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 381.6 S
-.14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E
-F3<ad70>2.639 E F1 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-)
-2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 393.6 R .303(When the shell is in)
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-(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F3(time)2.803 E F1 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F
-.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 405.6 Q .485
-(en be)-.1 F .485(gins with a \231\255\232.)-.15 F(The)5.484 E F5
-(TIMEFORMA)2.984 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.734 G .484
-(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 2.984
-(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.984 E .879
-(timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108
-417.6 R F5(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F1(under)3.13 E F3 .88(Shell V)
-3.38 F(ariables)-.92 E F1(be-)3.38 E(lo)108 429.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .162
-(When the shell is in)108 446.4 R F0 .162(posix mode)2.662 F F1(,)A F3
-(time)2.662 E F1 .162(may be follo)2.662 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.661
-(wline. In)-.25 F .161(this case, the shell displays the to-)2.661 F .31
-(tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108
-458.4 R(The)5.31 E F5(TIMEFORMA)2.81 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.56 G .31
-(riable speci\214es the).25 F(format of the time information.)108 470.4
-Q .304(Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are create\
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-2.803 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108
-499.2 R(See)5.207 E F5 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27
-E F1 .208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927
-(shell en)108 511.2 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F3(lastpipe)
-3.427 E F1 .927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F3(shopt)3.427 E F1
--.2(bu)3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F3(shopt)3.426 E
-F1(belo)108 523.2 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by t\
-he shell process when job control is not acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F3(Lists)87 540 Q F1(A)108 552 Q F0(list)2.849 E F1 .349(is a seq\
-uence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F
-F3(;)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&&)2.85 E F1 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85
-E F3(||)2.85 E F1 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F
-(ally terminated by one of)108 564 Q F3(;)2.5 E F1(,)A F3(&)2.5 E F1 2.5
-(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(<newline>)2.5 E F1(.)A .961(Of these list operators,)
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-1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo).15 F .96(wed by)-.25
-F F3(;)3.46 E F1(and)3.46 E F3(&)3.46 E F1 3.46(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F
-1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 592.8 Q 2.5(As)108
-609.6 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E
-F0(list)2.5 E F1(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029
-(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 626.4 R F3(&)
-2.529 E F1 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029
-(cutes the command in the).15 F F0(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F1
-(in)2.529 E 2.678(as)108 638.4 S 2.678(ubshell. The)-2.678 F .178
-(shell does not w)2.678 F .178
-(ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .178
-(These are referred)5.178 F .778(to as)108 650.4 R F0(async)3.278 E(hr)
--.15 E(onous)-.45 E F1 3.278(commands. Commands)3.278 F .779
-(separated by a)3.278 F F3(;)3.279 E F1 .779(are e)3.279 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .779(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .779(aits for)-.1 F
-(each command to terminate in turn.)108 662.4 Q
-(The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .172(AND and OR lists are sequences of one \
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-691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G
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-E F0(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 724.8 Q F1(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-(xit status.)-.15 F .435(The return status of AND)5.435 F
-(and OR lists is the e)108 129.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in the list.).15 E F2(Compound Commands)87 146.4
-Q F1(A)108 158.4 Q F0 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F1 1.054
-(is one of the follo)3.554 F 3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a)
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-1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.027
-(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 182.4 Q(\()108 199.2 Q F0
-(list)A F1(\))A F0(list)144 199.2 Q F1 .215(is e)2.715 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.215(cuted in a subshell \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .215
-(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.715 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F1(belo)2.465 E 2.714(wf)
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-144 223.2 Q 1.069(vironment do not remain in ef)-.4 F 1.069
-(fect after the command completes.)-.25 F 1.068
-(The return status is the e)6.069 F(xit)-.15 E(status of)144 235.2 Q F0
-(list)2.5 E F1(.)A({)108 252 Q F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;})C F0(list)144 252
-Q F1 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401
-(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F0(list)5.401 E F1
-.402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215
-(semicolon. This)144 264 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F0
-(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F1 5.715(.T)C .715
-(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F0(list)
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--.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F2(\()2.719 E F1(and)2.719 E F2
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-E F0 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F1 .22
-(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 288 S .257
-(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd)
--.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the)
--.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 300 Q F0
-(list)2.5 E F1(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55
-E(\(\()108 316.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A(The)144
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--.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F
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-(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 340.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .411(If the v)
-4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\
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-(The)5.186 E F0 -.2(ex)2.686 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(under)2.686 E
-.186(goes the same e)-.18 F .186
-(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .187(ut double)
--.2 F(quote characters in)144 364.8 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)
--.37 E F1(are not treated specially and are remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(d.).15 E F2([[)108 381.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(]])
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--.25(va)-.25 G .003(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E
-F0 -.2(ex)2.503 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 5.003(.E)C(x-)-5.003 E .758
-(pressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 405.6 R
-3.259(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.259 E F3(CONDITION)3.259 E .759(AL EXPRESSIONS)
--.18 F F4(.)A F1 .065(The w)144 417.6 R .065(ords between the)-.1 F F2
-([[)2.565 E F1(and)2.565 E F2(]])2.565 E F1 .065(do not under)2.565 F
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-(xpansion. The)-.15 F(shell)2.565 E .483(performs tilde e)144 429.6 R
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-(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .483(xpansion, command sub-)-.15 F .201
-(stitution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 441.6 R -.25(va)
--.15 G 2.701(lo).25 G 2.701(nt)-2.701 G .201(hose w)-2.701 F .201
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-(if the w)144 453.6 R .382(ords were enclosed in double quotes\).)-.1 F
-.382(Conditional operators such as)5.382 F F2<ad66>2.882 E F1 .382
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-(When used with)144 482.4 Q F2([[)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E
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-(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144
-499.2 R F2(==)3.003 E F1(and)3.002 E F2(!=)3.002 E F1 .502(operators ar\
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--.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F1 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he)
--3.31 E F2(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 523.2 Q F1 .313
-(shell option were enabled.)2.814 F(The)5.313 E F2(=)2.813 E F1 .313
-(operator is equi)2.813 F -.25(va)-.25 G .313(lent to).25 F F2(==)2.813
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-(tion is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 535.2 R -.05(ga)
--.15 G .03(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .03(The re-)
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--.25 F F2(==)A F1 2.759(\)o)C 2.759(rd)-2.759 G .259(oes not match \()
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-F(An)5.258 E(y)-.15 E(part of the pattern may be quoted to force the qu\
-oted portion to be matched as a string.)144 559.2 Q .133
-(An additional binary operator)144 576 R(,)-.4 E F2<3d01>2.633 E F1
-2.633(,i)C 2.633(sa)-2.633 G -.25(va)-2.833 G .133
-(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F2(==)2.633 E F1(and)2.633 E
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-(used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX e)
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--.15 F 2.623(matched accordingly \(using the POSIX)144 600 R F0 -.37(re)
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-(xec)-.1 E F1(interf)5.124 E 2.624(aces usually described in)-.1 F F0
--.37(re)144 612 S -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F1 3.241(\(3\)\). The).53 F .741
-(return v)3.241 F .741
-(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-.25 F
-.74(If the re)5.74 F(gular)-.15 E -.15(ex)144 624 S .508
-(pression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e).15 F
-(xpression')-.15 E 3.008(sr)-.55 G .509(eturn v)-3.008 F .509
-(alue is 2.)-.25 F .509(If the)5.509 F F2(nocase-)3.009 E(match)144 636
-Q F1 1.307(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)
-3.807 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.306(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.599
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-(art of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally)
--2.599 F 5.1(.T)-.65 G .1(his means)-5.1 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 660 T
-.032(ry character in the quoted portion matches itself, instead of ha)
-.25 F .031(ving an)-.2 F 2.531(ys)-.15 G .031(pecial pattern matching)
--2.531 F 3.041(meaning. If)144 672 R .542
-(the pattern is stored in a shell v)3.041 F .542(ariable, quoting the v)
--.25 F .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542(xpansion forces the en-)-.15 F 1.825
-(tire pattern to be matched literally)144 684 R 6.825(.T)-.65 G 1.825
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-(Anchor the pattern using the)5.708 F F2<00>3.208 E F1(and)3.208 E F2($)
-3.208 E F1(re)144 724.8 Q 4.507(gular e)-.15 F 4.506
-(xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 F
-4.506(The array v)9.506 F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(5)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-(TCH)-.855 E F1 3.36
-(records which parts of the string matched the pattern.)5.61 F 3.36
-(The element of)8.36 F F2 -.27(BA)144 96 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F1
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-(ontains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-3.268 F .767
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-G 2.713(di).15 G 2.713(nt)-2.713 G .213(he remaining)-2.713 F F2 -.27
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-Q(TCH)-.855 E F1(in the global scope; declaring it as a local v)2.25 E
-(ariable will lead to une)-.25 E(xpected results.)-.15 E .786
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-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144
-172.8 Q F3(\()144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\))
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--5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F
-(operators.)180 213.6 Q F3(!)144 225.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)
--.37 E F1 -.35(Tr)180 237.6 S(ue if).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
-(ession)-.37 E F1(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F0 -.2(ex)144 249.6 S(pr).2 E
-(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1
--.35(Tr)180 261.6 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)
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-E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(or)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr)
-.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 302.4 Q F3(&&)2.676 E F1
-(and)2.676 E F3(||)2.676 E F1 .175(operators do not e)2.676 F -.25(va)
--.25 G(luate).25 E F0 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1 .175
-(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F0 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession1)
--.37 E F1 .175(is suf)2.675 F .175(\214cient to de-)-.25 F
-(termine the return v)144 314.4 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25
-E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 331.2 S(r).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5
-([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F1([)2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G 1.666(..)-.834 G
-F1 2.5(]];]).834 G F3(do)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1
-.423(The list of w)144 343.2 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)
-2.923 E F1 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)
--.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(name)2.924 E F1 .424
-(is set to)2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 355.2
-R F0(list)3.153 E F1 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
-(cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F3(in)3.153 E F0(wor)3.153 E
-(d)-.37 E F1 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F1
-.648(command e)144 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(list)3.148 E F1
-.648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2
--.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154
-(The return status is the e)144 379.2 R .153
-(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653
-(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F
-(follo)144 391.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F1
-(results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 408 S(r).25 E
-F1(\(\()2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(;)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2
-E F1(;)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F1(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F0
-(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 1.235(First, the arithmetic e)
-144 420 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F1 1.235(is e)
-3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236
-(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G
-(nder)-3.736 E F2 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 432 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)
--.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .562(The arithmetic e)
-5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F1 .561(is then e)
-3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144
-444 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F
-F0 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F1 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592
-(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F0(list)3.092 E F1 .592(is e)
-3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144
-456 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F1 .229(is e)2.729 F
--.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229
-(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G
-2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G
-.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 468 R .227(alue is the e)
--.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F0(list)2.728 E F1
-.228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f).15 F .228
-(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 E -.15(ex)
-144 480 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3(select)108
-496.8 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1
-2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 1.358
-(The list of w)144 508.8 R 1.358(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)
-3.858 E F1 1.358(is e)3.858 F 1.357
-(xpanded, generating a list of items, and the set of e)-.15 F(xpanded)
--.15 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F
-3.101(,e)-.4 G .601(ach preceded by a number)-3.101 F 5.601(.I)-.55 G
-3.101(ft)-5.601 G(he)-3.101 E F3(in)3.101 E F0(wor)3.101 E(d)-.37 E F1
-.602(is omitted, the)3.101 F .188
-(positional parameters are printed \(see)144 532.8 R F2 -.666(PA)2.688 G
-(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.438 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(select)5.188 E F1 .188
-(then displays the)2.688 F F2(PS3)2.687 E F1(prompt)2.437 E .46
-(and reads a line from the standard input.)144 544.8 R .461
-(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of)5.46 F .141
-(the displayed w)144 556.8 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of)
--.25 F F0(name)3.001 E F1 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. If)
--.1 F .141(the line is empty)2.641 F 2.641(,t)-.65 G .141(he w)-2.641 F
-.141(ords and)-.1 F 1.048(prompt are displayed ag)144 568.8 R 3.548
-(ain. If)-.05 F 1.048(EOF is read, the)3.548 F F3(select)3.548 E F1
-1.048(command completes and returns 1.)3.548 F(An)6.048 E(y)-.15 E .32
-(other v)144 580.8 R .32(alue read causes)-.25 F F0(name)3.18 E F1 .32
-(to be set to null.)3 F .32(The line read is sa)5.32 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.82(di).15 G 2.82(nt)-2.82 G .319(he v)-2.82 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)
-2.819 E(Y)-.828 E F4(.)A F1(The)4.819 E F0(list)144.09 592.8 Q F1 .055
-(is e)3.235 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .056(cuted after each selection until a).15
-F F3(br)2.556 E(eak)-.18 E F1 .056(command is e)2.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.556(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.556 G .056(it status of).15 F F3
-(select)2.556 E F1(is)2.556 E(the e)144 604.8 Q
-(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E
-F0(list)2.59 E F1 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)
--2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 621.6 Q F0(wor)2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F3(in)2.5 E F1 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1([)2.5
-E F3(|)2.5 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1 2.5(].)2.5 G -3.332 1.666(.. \))-.834 H
-F0(list).834 E F1(;; ] .)2.5 E 1.666(..)1.666 G F3(esac).834 E F1(A)144
-633.6 Q F3(case)3.265 E F1 .764(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E
-F0(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F1 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)
--3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F F0(pattern)3.264 E F1 .764
-(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883(matching rules described under)144
-645.6 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E 3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F1
-(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he).65 E F0(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F1
-.884(is e)3.384 F .884(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95
-(pansion, parameter and v)144 657.6 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95
-(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95
-(xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .829
-(substitution and quote remo)144 669.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.329(l. Each)
-.25 F F0(pattern)3.329 E F1 -.15(ex)3.329 G .829(amined is e).15 F .829
-(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .83(xpansion, para-)-.15 F 1.133
-(meter and v)144 681.6 R 1.132(ariable e)-.25 F 1.132
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-(xpansion, command substitution, process substitution,)-.15 F .917
-(and quote remo)144 693.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.417(l. If).25 F(the)3.417 E
-F3(nocasematch)3.417 E F1 .917
-(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without)3.417 F(re)144
-705.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .5(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F
-.499(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.499 F F0(list)2.999 E F1
-.499(is e)2.999 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E 2.706(cuted. If)144 717.6 R
-(the)2.706 E F3(;;)2.707 E F1 .207(operator is used, no subsequent matc\
-hes are attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)2.707 F(Using)144
-729.6 Q F3(;&)3.325 E F1 .825(in place of)3.325 F F3(;;)3.325 E F1 .825
-(causes e)3.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824(cution to continue with the).15 F
-F0(list)3.324 E F1 .824(associated with the ne)3.324 F .824(xt set of)
--.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(6)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-SF(;;&)3.235 E F1 .735(in place of)3.235 F F2(;;)3.236 E F1 .736
-(causes the shell to test the ne)3.236 F .736
-(xt pattern list in the statement, if)-.15 F(an)144 96 Q 1.369 -.65
-(y, a)-.15 H .069(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .069(cute an).15 F 2.569(ya)
--.15 G(ssociated)-2.569 E F0(list)2.569 E F1 .068
-(on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.569 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cution).15 E .063(as if the pattern list had not matched.)144 108
-R .063(The e)5.063 F .063(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15
-F .064(Otherwise, it is)5.064 F(the e)144 120 Q
-(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E
-F0(list)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(if)108 136.8 Q F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(then)2.5
-E F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F0(list)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(then)2.5 E
-F0(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;].)C -3.332 1.666(.. [)-.834 H F2(else).834 E F0
-(list)2.5 E F1 2.5(;])C F2<8c>A F1(The)144 148.8 Q F2(if)2.978 E F0
-(list)3.068 E F1 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F
-.478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E
-F0(list)2.978 E F1 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978
-(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F0(list)2.977 E F1
-1.087(is e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e)
-.15 F 1.087(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E
-F0(list)3.587 E F1 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088
-(cuted and the).15 F .104(command completes.)144 172.8 R .103
-(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else)2.603 E F0(list)2.603 E F1 .103(is e)
-2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F
-.103(xit status is the e)-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F
-(tus of the last command e)144 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while)108 201.6 Q
-F0(list-1)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(done)2.5 E
-(until)108 213.6 Q F0(list-1)2.5 E F1(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1
-(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F1(The)144 225.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F1 .95
-(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 F
-F0(list-2)3.45 E F1 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F
-F0(list-1)144 237.6 Q F1 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205
-(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F2(until)2.705 E F1 .205
-(command is identical to the)2.705 F F2(while)2.705 E F1 .205
-(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 249.6 R
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F0(list-2)3.189 E F1 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F0(list-1)3.19
-E F1 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 261.6 S .205(it status.).15
-F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.705 E F1
-(and)2.705 E F2(until)2.704 E F1 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204
-(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 273.6 S(cuted in).15
-E F0(list-2)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e)
--.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 290.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F1
-(A)108 302.4 Q F0(copr)2.601 E(ocess)-.45 E F1 .102
-(is a shell command preceded by the)2.601 F F2(copr)2.602 E(oc)-.18 E F1
-(reserv)2.602 E .102(ed w)-.15 F 2.602(ord. A)-.1 F .102(coprocess is e)
-2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .102(cuted asynchro-).15 F .642
-(nously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the)
-108 314.4 R F2(&)3.141 E F1 .641(control operator)3.141 F 3.141(,w)-.4 G
-.641(ith a tw)-3.141 F(o-w)-.1 E(ay)-.1 E
-(pipe established between the e)108 326.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The syntax for a coprocess is:)
-108 343.2 Q F2(copr)144 360 Q(oc)-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E
-F1(])A F0(command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E
-F1(])A .598(This creates a coprocess named)108 376.8 R F0 -.27(NA)3.099
-G(ME).27 E F1(.)A F0(command)5.599 E F1 .599
-(may be either a simple command or a compound com-)3.099 F 1.4
-(mand \(see abo)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F0 -.27(NA)6.4 G
-(ME).27 E F1 1.4(is a shell v)3.9 F 1.4(ariable name.)-.25 F(If)6.4 E F0
--.27(NA)3.9 G(ME).27 E F1 1.4(is not supplied, the def)3.9 F 1.4
-(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 400.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F1(.)A
-(The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 417.6 Q F2(copr)144
-434.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F0 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F1({)2.5 E F0(command)2.5 E
-F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F1(]; })A 1.313(This f\
-orm is recommended because simple commands result in the coprocess al)
-108 451.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.813 E(PR)108
-463.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \
-than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 480 Q F0(command)3.062 E
-F1 .562(is a compound command,)3.062 F F0 -.27(NA)3.062 G(ME).27 E F1
-.561(is optional. The w)3.061 F .561(ord follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2
-(copr)3.061 E(oc)-.18 E F1 .561(determines whether)3.061 F .338(that w)
-108 492 R .338(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .338
-(ariable name: it is interpreted as)-.25 F F0 -.27(NA)2.839 G(ME).27 E
-F1 .339(if it is not a reserv)2.839 F .339(ed w)-.15 F .339
-(ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.122(duces a compound command.)108 504 R(If)
-6.121 E F0(command)3.621 E F1 1.121(is a simple command,)3.621 F F0 -.27
-(NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F1 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.121
-(wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 516
-Q F0 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F1(and the \214rst w)2.5 E
-(ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 532.8
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G .09(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F .09
-(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.59 E F1(belo)2.59 E .09(w\) named)-.25
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-(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuting shell.).15 F .302
-(The standard output of)5.302 F F0(command)3.002 E F1 .302
-(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor)3.572 F .587(in the e)
-108 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587
-(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F0 -.27
-(NA)3.087 G(ME).27 E F1 3.087([0]. The)B .587(standard input of)3.087 F
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-(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 568.8 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.029
-(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F0 -.27
-(NA)108 580.8 S(ME).27 E F1 2.879([1]. This)B .379
-(pipe is established before an)2.879 F 2.879(yr)-.15 G .379
-(edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-2.879 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F1(belo)108 592.8 Q 3.426(w\). The)-.25 F .926
-(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.426 F .925
-(guments to shell commands and redirections using stan-)-.18 F .286
-(dard w)108 604.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286
-(than those created to e)2.786 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
-(cute command and process substitutions, the \214le de-).15 F
-(scriptors are not a)108 616.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25
-E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 633.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.676(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.676
-(ilable as the v).25 F 1.676(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F0 -.27
-(NA)108 645.6 S(ME).27 E F1 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5
-G(iltin command may be used to w).2 E
-(ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336
-(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108
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-G .336(ys returns success.).1 F
-(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 674.4 Q(xit status of)
--.15 E F0(command)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 691.2
-Q F1 2.698(As)108 703.2 S .198
-(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G
-.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197
-(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 715.2 S .5 -.25(ew s)
--2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E
-(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-(compound\255command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37
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-F(ord)-.1 E F2(function)2.717 E F1 .217(is optional.)2.717 F .217
-(If the)5.217 F F2(function)2.717 E F1(re-)2.717 E(serv)144 120 Q .68
-(ed w)-.15 F .68(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F
-(The)5.68 E F0(body)3.18 E F1 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F
-(command)144 132 Q F0(compound\255command)2.784 E F1(\(see)3.354 E F2
-.084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F1(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584
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-.044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F
-2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044
-(Compound Commands)2.544 F F1(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.531(.I).15
-G 3.031(ft)-5.531 G(he)-3.031 E F2(function)3.032 E F1(reserv)3.032 E
-.532(ed w)-.15 F .532(ord is used, b)-.1 F .532
-(ut the parentheses are not supplied, the braces are)-.2 F(recommended.)
-144 168 Q F0(compound\255command)6.254 E F1 1.254(is e)3.754 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 1.254(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F0(fname)3.753 E
-F1 1.253(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.252(simple command.)
-144 180 R 1.252(When in)6.252 F F0 1.252(posix mode)3.752 F F1(,)A F0
-(fname)3.752 E F1 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F0
-(name)3.753 E F1 1.253(and may not be the)3.753 F .089
-(name of one of the POSIX)144 192 R F0 .089(special b)2.589 F(uiltins)
--.2 E F1 5.089(.I)C 2.589(nd)-5.089 G(ef)-2.589 E .089
-(ault mode, a function name can be an)-.1 F 2.588(yu)-.15 G(nquoted)
--2.588 E .164(shell w)144 204 R .164(ord that does not contain)-.1 F F2
-($)2.665 E F1 5.165(.A)C .465 -.15(ny r)-5.165 H .165(edirections \(see)
-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F1(belo)2.415 E .165
-(w\) speci\214ed when a)-.25 F .061
-(function is de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 216 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.561(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.56 G .06
-(it status of a function de\214-).15 F .579(nition is zero unless a syn\
-tax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144
-228 R(x-)-.15 E 2.593(ists. When)144 240 R -.15(exe)2.593 G .093
-(cuted, the e).15 F .093(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .093
-(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .092(cuted in)
-.15 F(the body)144 252 Q 5(.\()-.65 G(See)-5 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1
-(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)
-72 268.8 Q F1 .982(In a non-interacti)108 280.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982
-(hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1
-E F1 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E F1 -.2(bu)108 292.8 S
-.952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)
--.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E F1 .951(causes that w)3.451
-F(ord)-.1 E .604
-(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 304.8 R
-.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the)
-.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F1
-.34(option enabled does not allo)2.84 F 2.84(wc)-.25 G 2.84
-(omments. The)-2.84 F F2(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F1
-.34(option is on by def)2.84 F .34(ault in in-)-.1 F(teracti)108 328.8 Q
-.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 345.6 S -.438(OT).11 G
-(ING).438 E F0(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F1 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777
--.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15
-F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185
-(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108
-369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184
-(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 381.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108
-398.4 R F0(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .288
-(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS)
-2.788 E F1 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F
-(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.345
-(When the command history e)108 427.2 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344
-(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594
-(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the)
--.25 F F0(history e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F1(character)2.5 E 2.5
-(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F1 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
-(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 456 Q F0(escape c)2.69 E
-(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 2.5(,s).73 G
-(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.962(An)108 472.8 S .463
-(on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F2(\\)A F1 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963
-G(he)-2.963 E F0 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 5.463
-(.I).73 G 2.963(tp)-5.463 G(reserv)-2.963 E .463(es the literal v)-.15 F
-.463(alue of the ne)-.25 F .463(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 484.8
-Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053
-(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F1(<ne)A 1.553
-(wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .347
-(quoted, the)108 496.8 R F2(\\)2.847 E F1(<ne)A .347
-(wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(df).15 G .348(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.848 F
-(fecti)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295
-(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 525.6 R .295
-(es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.)
--.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E
-(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 537.6 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033
-(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 554.4 R .034
-(es the literal v)-.15 F .034
-(alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108
-566.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F1(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F1(,)A
-F2(\\)2.608 E F1 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107
-(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F1 5.107(.W)C .107
-(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F0 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F1 2.607(,t)C
-(he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F1 .107(has no)2.607 F .46
-(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96
-(nw).15 G .46(hen history e)-2.96 F .46(xpansion is enabled.)-.15 F .46
-(The characters)5.46 F F2($)2.96 E F1(and)2.96 E F2<92>2.96 E F1(re-)
-2.96 E .563(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 590.4 R
-.562(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F
-(lo)108 602.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602
-(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F1(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F1(,)A F2(")
-3.935 E F1(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F1 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2(<newline>)
-3.102 E F1 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131
-(double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 614.4 R .131
-(If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an)
--.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F1
-(appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 626.4 Q
-(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F1(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 643.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F1(and)2.5
-E F2(@)2.5 E F1(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
-(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G
-(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .148
-(Character sequences of the form)108 660 R F2($)2.649 E F1<08>A F0
-(string)A F1 2.649<0861>C .149(re treated as a special v)-2.649 F .149
-(ariant of single quotes.)-.25 F .149(The sequence e)5.149 F(x-)-.15 E
-.528(pands to)108 672 R F0(string)3.028 E F1 3.028(,w)C .528
-(ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.028 F F0(string)3.027 E F1 .527
-(replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F
-(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q
-(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\b)144 84 Q F1(backspace)180
-84 Q F2(\\e)144 96 Q(\\E)144 108 Q F1(an escape character)180 108 Q F2
-(\\f)144 120 Q F1(form feed)180 120 Q F2(\\n)144 132 Q F1(ne)180 132 Q
-2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 144 Q F1(carriage return)180 144 Q
-F2(\\t)144 156 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 156 Q F2(\\v)144 168 Q F1 -.15
-(ve)180 168 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 180 Q F1(backslash)180 180 Q
-F2<5c08>144 192 Q F1(single quote)180 192 Q F2(\\")144 204 Q F1
-(double quote)180 204 Q F2(\\?)144 216 Q F1(question mark)180 216 Q F2
-(\\)144 228 Q F0(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 240 Q F0(HH)A F1
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 240 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2(\\u)144 252 Q F0(HHHH)A F1
-1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 264 R 1.507
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHH)
-4.007 E F1(\(one to four he)180 276 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2
-(\\U)144 288 Q F0(HHHHHHHH)A F1 .548
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHHH-)
-3.047 E(HHH)180 312 Q F1(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F2(\\c)144 324 Q F0(x)A F1 2.5(ac)180 324 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F0(x)A
-F1(character)2.5 E(The e)108 340.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\
-s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 357.6 S
-.14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F2($)A F1
-(")A F0(string)A F1 .14
-("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .785
-(to the current locale.)108 369.6 R(The)5.785 E F0 -.1(ge)3.284 G(tte).1
-E(xt)-.2 E F1 .784
-(infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the)3.284 F
-F2(LC_MES-)3.284 E(SA)108 381.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F1(,)A F2(TEXTDOMAINDIR)
-2.76 E F1 2.76(,a)C(nd)-2.76 E F2(TEXTDOMAIN)2.76 E F1 .261(shell v)
-2.761 F 2.761(ariables. If)-.25 F .261(the current locale is)2.761 F F2
-(C)2.761 E F1(or)2.761 E F2(POSIX)2.761 E F1(,)A .792
-(if there are no translations a)108 393.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .791(ilable, \
-or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored.).25 F
-.791(This is a)5.791 F .534
-(form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by def)108
-405.6 R .535(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.798
-(replaced. If)108 417.6 R(the)2.798 E F2(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F1
-.297(option is enabled using the)2.797 F F2(shopt)2.797 E F1 -.2(bu)
-2.797 G .297(iltin, translated strings are sin-).2 F 1.228
-(gle-quoted instead of double-quoted.)108 429.6 R 1.229
-(See the description of)6.228 F F2(shopt)3.729 E F1(belo)3.729 E 3.729
-(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.729 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.229(SHELL B)3.729 F(UIL)
--.09 E 1.229(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 441.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 458.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F1(A)108
-470.4 Q F0(par)4.575 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .825(is an entity that stores v)
-4.055 F 3.325(alues. It)-.25 F .825(can be a)3.325 F F0(name)3.684 E F1
-3.324(,an).18 G(umber)-3.324 E 3.324(,o)-.4 G 3.324(ro)-3.324 G .824
-(ne of the special characters)-3.324 F .801(listed belo)108 482.4 R
-3.301(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.301 E F2 .801(Special P)3.301 F(arameters)-.1 E
-F1 5.802(.A)C F0(variable)-2.21 E F1 .802(is a parameter denoted by a)
-3.482 F F0(name)3.662 E F1 5.802(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .802
-(riable has a).25 F F0(value)108 494.4 Q F1 .369(and zero or more)2.869
-F F0(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F1 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369
-(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F2(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)
-2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F1
-(belo)108 506.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F1 2.754(Ap)108 523.2 S .254
-(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754(alue. The)
--.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F 2.755
-(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F
-(may be unset only by using the)108 535.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5
-G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 552 Q F0(variable)2.79 E F1
-(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F0(name)144 568.8
-Q F1(=[)A F0(value)A F1(])A(If)108 585.6 Q F0(value)3.023 E F1 .233
-(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232
-(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F0(values)3.022
-E F1(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15
-F .515(and v)108 597.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515
-(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see)
--3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)108 609.6 Q 2.699
-(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F2
-(integer)2.698 E F1(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F0(value)
-2.988 E F1 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198
-(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n).15 E .523(if the)108 621.6 R F2($\(\()3.023 E F1 1.666(...)C F2
-(\)\))-1.666 E F1 -.15(ex)3.023 G .523(pansion is not used \(see).15 F
-F2 .523(Arithmetic Expansion)3.023 F F1(belo)3.023 E 3.023(w\). W)-.25 F
-.524(ord splitting and pathname e)-.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.364
-(pansion are not performed.)108 633.6 R 1.364
-(Assignment statements may also appear as ar)6.364 F 1.363
-(guments to the)-.18 F F2(alias)3.863 E F1(,)A F2(declar)3.863 E(e)-.18
-E F1(,)A F2(typeset)108 645.6 Q F1(,)A F2(export)3.964 E F1(,)A F2 -.18
-(re)3.964 G(adonly).18 E F1 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F2(local)3.964 E F1
--.2(bu)3.964 G 1.464(iltin commands \().2 F F0(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F1
-3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F0 1.465(posix mode)3.965 F F1
-(,)A 1.142(these b)108 657.6 R 1.142
-(uiltins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the)-.2
-F F2(command)3.641 E F1 -.2(bu)3.641 G 1.141(iltin and retain).2 F
-(these assignment statement properties.)108 669.6 Q .376(In the conte)
-108 686.4 R .376(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15
-F .376(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377
-(x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631
-(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 698.4 R(ariable')
--.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This)
--.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 710.4 S
-.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F2(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F1 .164
-(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F0(declar)A(ation)-.15 E
-F1 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F 2.009
-(applied to a v)108 722.4 R 2.009(ariable for which the)-.25 F F2
-(integer)4.509 E F1(attrib)4.509 E 2.009(ute has been set,)-.2 F F0
-(value)4.509 E F1 2.009(is e)4.509 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.008
-(luated as an arithmetic).25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.15(ex)108 84 S .32(pression and added to the v)
-.15 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.82(sc)-.55 G .32(urrent v)-2.82 F .321
-(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.821(luated. When).25 F
-.321(+= is applied to an ar)2.821 F(-)-.2 E .083(ray v)108 96 R .083
-(ariable using compound assignment \(see)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Arrays)2.583 E F1(belo)2.582 E .082(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E
-2.582(sv)-.55 G .082(alue is not unset \(as it is when)-2.832 F .502
-(using =\), and ne)108 108 R 3.002(wv)-.25 G .503
-(alues are appended to the array be)-3.252 F .503
-(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.003(sm)-.55 G .503
-(aximum in-)-3.003 F(de)108 120 Q 3.015(x\()-.15 G .515(for inde)-3.015
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.015(da).15 G .515(rrays\) or added as additional k)
--3.015 F -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .515(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F
-.814 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.514(.W)-.65 G .514(hen applied to a)
--5.514 F(string-v)108 132 Q(alued v)-.25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F0(value)2.5
-E F1(is e)2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5
-(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 148.8 S .882
-(ariable can be assigned the)-3.632 F F0(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F1
-(attrib)3.382 E .882(ute using the)-.2 F F2<ad6e>3.382 E F1 .882
-(option to the)3.382 F F2(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F1(or)3.383 E F2
-(local)3.383 E F1 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316
-(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 160.8 R F2(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E
-F1(and)2.816 E F2(local)2.816 E F1(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a)
--.25 F F0(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315
-(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918(able. This)108 172.8 R
-(allo)2.918 E .418(ws v)-.25 F .418
-(ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.419(.W)-.65 G(hene)
--5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.919(rt).15 G .419(he nameref v)-2.919 F .419
-(ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .133
-(signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 184.8 R .132
-(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F0(namer)2.632
-E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356
-(operation is actually performed on the v)108 196.8 R 1.357
-(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.857(sv)
--.55 G 3.857(alue. A)-4.107 F 1.357(nameref is)3.857 F .972
-(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 208.8 R .971
-(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F
-2.5(function. F)108 220.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E
-(ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E
-(gument, running)-.18 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(declare \255n ref=$1)144
-237.6 Q F1 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 254.4 R
-(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F1 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303
-(alue is the v)-.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F
-(gu-)-.18 E 3.592(ment. References)108 266.4 R 1.092(and assignments to)
-3.592 F F2 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F1 3.592(,a)C 1.092
-(nd changes to its attrib)-3.592 F 1.092
-(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143(ments, and attrib)
-108 278.4 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F .144
-(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F2($1)2.644 E F1
-5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144
-(ariable in a)-.25 F F2 -.25(fo)108 290.4 S(r).25 E F1 .868
-(loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867
-(ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867
-(ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509
-(will be established for each w)108 302.4 R .509
-(ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009
-(cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108
-314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F2(namer)3.032 E(ef)
--.18 E F1(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-1.332 -.4(r, n).15 H .532(ameref v).4 F .531
-(ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .531(ariables and subscripted ar)
--.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 326.4 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F
-.533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F2<ad6e>3.033 E F1 .533
-(option to the)3.033 F F2(unset)3.033 E F1 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034
-(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F2(unset)3.034 E F1 .534(is e)3.034 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 338.4
-R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442
-(ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E
-(will be unset.)108 350.4 Q F2 -.2(Po)87 367.2 S(sitional P).2 E
-(arameters)-.1 E F1(A)108 379.2 Q F0 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)
--.15 E F1 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\
- the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445
-(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 391.2 R 2.944(sa)
--.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 403.2 Q F2
-(set)3.333 E F1 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\
- parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F
-(The)5.834 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\
-l function is e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F4 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When \
-a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108
-432 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 444
-Q F4(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Special P)87
-460.8 Q(arameters)-.1 E F1 1.674(The shell treats se)108 472.8 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675
-(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F
-(them is not allo)108 484.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 496.8 Q F1 .224
-(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 496.8 R
-.223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662
-(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 508.8 R .662
-(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662
-(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 520.8 R 1.082
-(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e)
--.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E
-.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 532.8 R .914
-(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915
-(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .315
-(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 544.8 R F4(IFS)2.815 E F1
-.315(special v)2.565 F 2.815(ariable. That)-.25 F(is,)2.814 E F2("$*")
-2.814 E F1 .314(is equi)2.814 F -.25(va)-.25 G .314(lent to).25 F F2
-("$1)2.814 E F0(c)A F2($2)A F0(c)A F2 1.666(...)C(")-1.666 E F1(,)A
-(where)144 556.8 Q F0(c)3.532 E F1 .832
-(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F4
-(IFS)3.332 E F1 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F1
-.833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 568.8
-Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F1
-(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E
-(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 580.8 Q F1 .722
-(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 580.8 R
-.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per)
--.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 592.8 R 1.165
-(xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165
-(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 604.8 R .655
-(ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte)
-5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654
-(ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 616.8 S .748
-(pands to a single w).15 F .748
-(ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748
-(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E .895
-(sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 628.8 R .895
-(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.394(ord. That)-.1 F(is,)3.394 E F2
-("$@")3.394 E F1(is)3.394 E(equi)144 640.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .65(lent to)
-.25 F F2("$1" "$2" .)3.15 E 1.666(..)1.666 G F1 .651
-(If the double-quoted e)3.984 F .651(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F
-.651(ord, the e)-.1 F(xpansion)-.15 E .609
-(of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 652.8 R .608
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .608(ord, and the e)-.1 F .608
-(xpansion of)-.15 F .803
-(the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144
-664.8 R 3.304(ord. When)-.1 F .804(there are no positional)3.304 F
-(parameters,)144 676.8 Q F2("$@")2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F1 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 688.8 Q F1
-(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 688.8 Q
-F2(?)108 700.8 Q F1(Expands to the e)144 700.8 Q
-(xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15
-E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E
-(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>108 84 Q F1 .882
-(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 84 R
--.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F1 -.2(bu)3.381 G
-.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)
-144 96 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F1(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 108 Q F1 .839
-(Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it e)144 108 R
-.839(xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F
-(shell, not the subshell.)144 120 Q F2(!)108 132 Q F1 .499(Expands to t\
-he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\
-her e)144 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E
-(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 144 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27
-E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 156 Q F1 .886
-(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 156 R .886
-(This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F2(bash)3.387 E
-F1 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 168 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168
-(ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F2($0)2.668 E F1 .167
-(is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F2(bash)2.667 E
-F1 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F2<ad63>2.667 E F1(op-)2.667 E .895
-(tion, then)144 180 R F2($0)3.395 E F1 .895(is set to the \214rst ar)
-3.395 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .896
-(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.896 E(-)-.2 E
-(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F1 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H
-2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(Shell V)
-87 208.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F1(The follo)108 220.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E
-(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2(_)108 237.6 Q F1 1.526
-(At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 237.6 R -.2(vo)-.4
-G 1.725 -.1(ke t).2 H 1.525(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 249.6 R .173
-(vironment or ar)-.4 F .173(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.173 E
-2.673(,e)-.65 G .173(xpands to the last ar)-2.823 F .174
-(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 261.6 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .337(cuted in the fore).15 F .336(ground, after e)-.15 F
-2.836(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .336(set to the full pathname)2.836 F .365
-(used to in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .565 -.1(ke e).2 H .365
-(ach command e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cuted and placed in the en).15 F
-.366(vironment e)-.4 F .366(xported to that command.)-.15 F(When checki\
-ng mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently bei\
-ng check)144 285.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2 -.3(BA)108 297.6 S(SH).3 E F1
-(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 297.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2
--.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108
-309.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F1 2.549(Ac)144 321.6 S .049
-(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w)
-5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049
-(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.548 E F1 .115(option to the)144 333.6 R
-F2(shopt)2.616 E F1 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .116
-(SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.366 E
-2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .116(options ap-)2.616 F 1.067(pearing in)144
-345.6 R F3 -.27(BA)3.567 G(SHOPTS).27 E F1 1.067(are those reported as)
-3.317 F F0(on)3.797 E F1(by)3.807 E F2(shopt)3.567 E F1 6.066(.I)C 3.566
-(ft)-6.066 G 1.066(his v)-3.566 F 1.066(ariable is in the en)-.25 F
-(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 357.6 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F1 .642(starts up, ea\
-ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F
-3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 369.6 Q
-(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 381.6 S(SHPID).3 E
-F1 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 393.6 R F2(bash)
-2.688 E F1 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F
-F2($$)2.687 E F1 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548
-(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 405.6 R F2(bash)
-3.048 E F1 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549
-F F3 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F1(ha)144 417.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
-2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E
-F1(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
--2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F1 1.195(An associati)144
-441.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\
-embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16
-(tained by the)144 453.6 R F2(alias)2.66 E F1 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66
-(iltin. Elements).2 F .16
-(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503
-(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 465.6 R
--.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If)
-9.502 E F2 -.3(BA)144 477.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F1
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
--2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 489.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F1 .934(An array v)144 501.6 R
-.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934
-(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F
-F2(bash)3.435 E F1 -.15(exe)144 513.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F
-.535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\
-n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 525.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F2(.)
-2.641 E F1(or)2.641 E F2(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F1 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)
--2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142
-(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142
-(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.265(parameters passed is pushed onto)144
-537.6 R F3 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1
-1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F3 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F1 1.265
-(only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .947(tended deb)144 549.6 R .947
-(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F2(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2
-E F1 .947(option to the)3.447 F F2(shopt)3.447 E F1 -.2(bu)3.448 G .948
-(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 561.6 Q F2(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)
--.2 E F1 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862(ariable when)-.25 F
-F2(extdeb)144 573.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F1 .706
-(is not set, may result in inconsistent v)3.206 F 3.206
-(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)3.206 E F3 -.27(BA)3.206 G(SH_ARGC).27 E
-F1(ha)2.957 E 1.007 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.207(oe).15 G(f-)-3.207 E
-(fect, and it may not be unset.)144 585.6 Q F2 -.3(BA)108 597.6 S
-(SH_ARGV).3 E F1 .207(An array v)144 609.6 R .206
-(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F2(bash)
-2.706 E F1 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F .206
-(The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\
- the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 621.6 R
-1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 633.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
-6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424
-(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F3 -.27(BA)144
-645.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F1 .853(The shell sets)5.353 F F3 -.27(BA)
-3.353 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F1 .853(only when in e)3.103 F .854(xtended deb)
--.15 F .854(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .476(scription of the)144
-657.6 R F2(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .476(option to the)2.976 F F2
-(shopt)2.975 E F1 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975
-(w\). Setting)-.25 F F2(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .475
-(after the shell has)2.975 F .45(started to e)144 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F
-F2(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F
-(consistent v)144 681.6 Q 2.5(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)2.5 E F3 -.27
-(BA)2.5 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F1(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G
--.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S
-(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .251(When referenced, this v)144 705.6 R .251
-(ariable e)-.25 F .251
-(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F
-F2($0)2.75 E F1 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E .04
-(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F2 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1
-.041(causes the v)2.541 F .041(alue as-)-.25 F .216
-(signed to also be assigned to)144 729.6 R F2($0)2.716 E F1 5.216(.I)C
-(f)-5.216 E F2 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .216
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.715(ni).15 G(f)-2.715 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F1 .667(An associati)144
-108 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose member\
-s correspond to the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .196
-(as maintained by the)144 120 R F2(hash)2.696 E F1 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696
-(iltin. Elements).2 F .195
-(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\
-t cause command names to be remo)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G
-.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 144 R F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G
-(SH_CMDS).3 E F1(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F1 1.243
-(The command currently being e)144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
-(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242
-(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F
-.262(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)
-144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If)
-144 192 Q F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F1
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
--2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F1(The command ar)
-144 216 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cation option.).2 E F2 -.3(BA)108 228 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F1 .693
-(An array v)144 240 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\
-n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 252
-R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F1 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469
-(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F2(${B)5.969 E
-(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1 .97
-(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 264 R F2
-(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172
-E F2(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1 -.1(wa)17.172 G
-17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F2(${B)144 276 Q(ASH_LINENO[)
--.3 E F0($i\2551)A F2(]})A F1 1.256
-(if referenced within another shell function\).)3.756 F(Use)6.257 E F3
-(LINENO)3.757 E F1 1.257(to obtain)3.507 F(the current line number)144
-288 Q 5(.A)-.55 G(ssignments to)-5 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_LINENO).27 E F1
-(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G
-(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)
--.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1 4.07(Ac)144 312 S 1.57(o\
-lon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for dynamica\
-lly loadable b)-4.07 F(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 324 Q F2
-(enable)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)
--.95 E F1 1.418(An array v)144 348 R 1.418
-(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F2<3d01>3.918 E F1
-1.418(binary operator to the)3.918 F F2([[)3.918 E F1(conditional)3.918
-E 3.462(command. The)144 360 R .962(element with inde)3.462 F 3.462(x0i)
--.15 G 3.462(st)-3.462 G .962
-(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-3.462 F .961(gular e)
--.15 F(x-)-.15 E 3.82(pression. The)144 372 R 1.32(element with inde)
-3.82 F(x)-.15 E F0(n)3.82 E F1 1.32
-(is the portion of the string matching the)3.82 F F0(n)3.82 E F1 1.32
-(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 384 Q(xpression.)-.15 E F2 -.3(BA)108 396 S
-(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F1 .707(Each time this v)144 408 R .707
-(ariable is referenced, it e)-.25 F .707(xpands to the v)-.15 F .706
-(alue returned by the system')-.25 F 3.206(sm)-.55 G(onotonic)-3.206 E
-.057(clock, if one is a)144 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.557(ilable. If).25 F
-.057(there is no monotonic clock, this is equi)2.557 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.058(lent to).25 F F2(EPOCHSECONDS)2.558 E F1(.)A(If)144 432 Q F2 -.3
-(BA)3.02 G(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F1 .519
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.02 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.019(ni).15 G 3.019(fi)-3.019 G 3.019(ti)-3.019 G 3.019(ss)-3.019 G
-.519(ubsequently re-)-3.019 F(set.)144 444 Q F2 -.3(BA)108 456 S
-(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 .125(An array v)144 468 R .125(ariable whose members\
- are the source \214lenames where the corresponding shell function)-.25
-F .781(names in the)144 480 R F3(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME)-.18 E F1 .78(array v)
-3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78(The shell function)5.78 F
-F2(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A F2(]})A F1(is)3.28 E .424
-(de\214ned in the \214le)144 492 R F2(${B)2.924 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0
-($i)A F2(]})A F1 .425(and called from)2.924 F F2(${B)2.925 E
-(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 5.425(.A)C(ssign-)-5.425 E
-(ments to)144 504 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_SOURCE).27 E F1(ha)2.25 E .3
--.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G
-(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3
-E F1 .296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 528
-R .296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 540 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F
-1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F2 -.3(BA)
-3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F1 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F
-(properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5
-(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 564 S
-(SH_TRAPSIG).3 E F1 .203
-(Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being e)144
-576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .202(cuted during its e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702
-(cution. See).15 F .782(the description of)144 588 R F2(trap)3.282 E F1
-(under)3.282 E F3 .782(SHELL B)3.282 F(UIL)-.09 E .782(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F1(belo)3.032 E 3.282(wf)-.25 G .783
-(or information about signal)-3.282 F(numbers and trap e)144 600 Q -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F2 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F1 2.645
-(Ar)144 624 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144
-(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144
-(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F2(bash)2.644 E F1 5.144
-(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 636 S
-(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -.3
-(BA)144 648 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(0)A F2(])A F1(The major v)264 648 Q
-(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F0 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F1(\).)A F2 -.3
-(BA)144 660 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(1)A F2(])A F1(The minor v)264 660 Q
-(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F0(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F1(\).)A F2 -.3(BA)
-144 672 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(2)A F2(])A F1(The patch le)264 672 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F2 -.3(BA)144 684 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(3)A F2(])A
-F1(The b)264 684 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F2 -.3(BA)144 696 S
-(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F1(4)A F2(])A F1(The release status \(e.g.,)264 696 Q
-F0(beta)2.5 E F1(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(12)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 13 13
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[)
-.3 E F1(5)A F2(])A F1(The v)264 84 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 96 S
-(SH_VERSION).3 E F1(Expands to a string describing the v)144 108 Q
-(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(COMP_CW)108
-120 Q(ORD)-.1 E F1 .396(An inde)144 132 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E
-F2(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F1 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396
-(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F
-(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 144 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181
-(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681
-(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F
-1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)144 156 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
-F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_KEY)108 168 Q F1(The k)144 180 Q .3
--.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3
--.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2
-H(he current completion function.).1 E F2(COMP_LINE)108 192 Q F1 1.207
-(The current command line.)144 204 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208
-(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F
-1.037(mands in)144 216 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537
-(yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037
-(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F
-F1(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 228 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_POINT)108 240 Q F1 .666
-(The inde)144 252 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666
-(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166
-(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15
-F .667(If the)5.667 F .535
-(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144
-264 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F2
-(${#COMP_LINE})144 276 Q F1 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704
-(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .705(xternal commands in-)
--.15 F -.2(vo)144 288 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
-(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_TYPE)108
-300 Q F1 .042(Set to an inte)144 312 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\
-esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion)
--.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 324 R F0 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F1
-2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F0(?)2.837 E F1 2.837(,f)
-C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H(abs,).15 E F0(!)144 336 Q F1 3.068(,f)C .567
-(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067(np)
--3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F0(@)3.067 E
-F1 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w)-3.067 F
-.567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 348 R F0(%)2.917 E F1
-2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v)5.417 F .417
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418
-(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704
-(nal commands in)144 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204
-(yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704
-(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F
-(tion)144 372 Q F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_W)108 384 Q(ORDBREAKS)
--.1 E F1 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 396 R F2 -.18(re)3.836
-G(adline).18 E F1 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336
-(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If)
-144 408 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .626
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G
-(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 420 Q F2(COMP_W)108 432 Q(ORDS)-.1 E
-F1 .653(An array v)144 444 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)3.153 E
-F1(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w)
--.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 456 R
-.692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.192 G
-(adline).18 E F1 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)
-3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144
-468 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558
-(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.058
-(db).1 G 4.058(yt)-4.058 G 1.558(he programmable)-4.058 F(completion f)
-144 480 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
-F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COPR)108 492 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 .169(An array v)
-144 504 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.669 E F1(belo)2.669 E
-.169
-(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input)
--.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 516 Q F2(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
--.18 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(DIRST)108 528 Q -.55(AC)
--.9 G(K).55 E F1 .789(An array v)144 540 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2
-(Arrays)3.289 E F1(belo)3.289 E .789
-(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-)
-5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 552 R
-2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F2(dirs)2.599 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.599 G 2.598(iltin. Assigning).2 F .098(to mem-)2.598 F .84
-(bers of this array v)144 564 R .84
-(ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25
-F .84(ut the)-.2 F F2(pushd)3.34 E F1(and)144 576 Q F2(popd)3.451 E F1
--.2(bu)3.451 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15
-(ve d)-.15 H 3.45(irectories. Assignment).15 F .95(to this v)3.45 F .95
-(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 588 R
-5.378(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.378 E F3(DIRST)2.878 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F1
-.379(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.628 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.879(ni).15 G 2.879(fi)-2.879 G 2.879(ti)-2.879 G(s)-2.879 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 600 Q F2(EPOCHREAL)108 612 Q(TIME)-.92 E F1
-.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 624 R .337
-(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144
-636 Q F0(time)3.02 E F1 .39(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v).18 F .391
-(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.391(.A)-.65 G .391
-(ssignments to)-5.391 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.891 E(AL)144 648 Q(TIME)-.828 E F1
-1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E
-F1 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F2(EPOCHSECONDS)108 672 Q F1 .337
-(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .338
-(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144
-696 Q F0(time)4.144 E F1 4.014(\(3\)\). Assignments).18 F(to)4.014 E F3
-(EPOCHSECONDS)4.014 E F1 1.513(are ignored.)3.764 F(If)6.513 E F3
-(EPOCHSECONDS)4.013 E F1 1.513(is unset, it)3.763 F
-(loses its special properties, e)144 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
-2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EUID)108 84 Q F1 1.103
-(Expands to the ef)144 84 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103
-(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103
-(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104
-(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 96 Q(.)-.65 E F2(FUNCN)108 108 Q(AME)-.2
-E F1 .479(An array v)144 120 R .479
-(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
--.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276
-(The element with inde)144 132 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276
-(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .065
-(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 144 R .065
-(x\) is \231main\232.)-.15 F .065(This v)5.065 F .065(ariable e)-.25 F
-.065(xists only when a shell function)-.15 F .002(is e)144 156 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.502(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.502 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E F1(ha)2.252 E .302 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.502(oe)
-.15 G -.25(ff)-2.502 G 2.502(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E
-F1 .003(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.252 F(cial properties, e)144 168 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 184.8 R .111
-(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F1
-(and)2.611 E F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 5.111(.E)C .111
-(ach element of)-5.111 F F2(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 196.8 S(ME).2 E F1
-1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO)
-.3 E F1(and)3.904 E F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 1.404
-(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 208.8 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G
-2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F2(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A
-F2(]})A F1 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le)
--2.512 F F2(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 1.183
-(at line number)144 220.8 R F2(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2
-(]})A F1 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F2(caller)3.683 E F1 -.2(bu)3.683 G
-1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
-(this information.)144 232.8 Q F2(GR)108 244.8 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F1 1.229
-(An array v)144 256.8 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \
-which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228
-E .571(ments to)144 268.8 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1(ha)2.822 E .872
--.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3
-(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1 .572
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 280.8 Q F2(HISTCMD)108 292.8 Q F1 2.811
-(The history number)144 304.8 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde)
--5.311 E 5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811
-(he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.81(Assignments to)
-7.81 F F3(HISTCMD)144 316.8 Q F1 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E
-F3(HISTCMD)3.634 E F1 1.135
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.635(ni).15 G 3.635(fi)-3.635 G 3.635(ti)-3.635 G 3.635(ss)-3.635 G
-(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 328.8 Q F2(HOSTN)108 340.8 Q(AME)-.2
-E F1(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 352.8 Q F2
-(HOSTTYPE)108 364.8 Q F1 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\
-ly describes the type of machine on which)144 376.8 R F2(bash)2.722 E F1
-.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 388.8 R
-(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(LINENO)108 400.8 Q F1
-1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\
-ecimal number representing the)144 412.8 R .078(current sequential line\
- number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 424.8 R
-.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 436.8 R
-.306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)
-5.307 E F3(LINENO)2.807 E F1 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F
-(special properties, e)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)
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-(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F
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--.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)
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-(The current w)144 84 Q(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E
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-(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 108 R .417
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-(READLINE_LINE)108 180 Q F1 1.693(The contents of the)144 192 R F2 -.18
-(re)4.193 G(adline).18 E F1 1.693(line b)4.193 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
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-(The position of the mark \(sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.736(di).15 G
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-(or use with \231bind \255x\232)-2.736 F(\(see)144 240 Q F3 1.016
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-(characters between the insertion point and the)3.516 F
-(mark are often called the)144 252 Q F0 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F1(.)A
-F2(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F1 .443
-(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F2 -.18(re)2.943 G
-(adline).18 E F1 .443(line b)2.943 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.943(,f)-.4 G
-.442(or use with \231bind \255x\232 \(see)-2.943 F F3(SHELL)2.942 E -.09
-(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E
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-312 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.)-.18 E F2(SECONDS)
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-.178(xpands to the number of seconds since shell in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cation.).2 E .713(If a v)144 348 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3
-(SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .712(the v)2.962 F .712
-(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .627
-(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .627
-(alue assigned.)-.25 F .628(The number of seconds at shell in)5.627 F
--.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .112(tion and the current time are al)144 372 R
--.1(wa)-.1 G .111(ys determined by querying the system clock.).1 F(If)
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-(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
--2.5 E F2(SHELLOPTS)108 396 Q F1 3.262(Ac)144 408 S .763
-(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w)
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-(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad6f>144 420 Q F1 1.174(option to the)3.674 F
-F2(set)3.674 E F1 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.173
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-(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F1 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F0(on)2.749 E
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-(.)-.65 E F2(SHL)108 468 Q(VL)-.92 E F1
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-(is started.)2.5 E F2(SRANDOM)108 492 Q F1 .76(This v)144 504 R .76
-(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number each tim\
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-(number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 516 R F0
-(/de)4.816 E(v/ur)-.15 E(andom)-.15 E F1(or)4.816 E F0(ar)3.48 E(c4r)
--.37 E(andom)-.15 E F1 .649(\(3\), so each).32 F .788
-(returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144
-528 R .788(The random number generator)5.788 F .088
-(cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 540 R .087(ariable ha)
--.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.587
-(ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.587 E F1 .087(is unset, it loses its)2.337 F
-(special properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
-G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2(UID)108 564 Q
-F1(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 564 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G
-(nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25
-E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 580.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994
-(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F2
-(bash)3.494 E F1 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994
-(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 592.8
-Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -.3(BA)108 609.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F1
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-(sc)-.55 G .502(ompatibility le)-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(l. See).15
-F F3 .502(SHELL COMP)3.002 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .502(IBILITY MODE).855 F
-F1(be-)2.752 E(lo)144 633.6 Q 2.662(wf)-.25 G .162
-(or a description of the v)-2.662 F .162(arious compatibility le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .162(ls and their ef).15 F 2.663(fects. The)-.25 F -.25
-(va)2.663 G .163(lue may be a dec-).25 F .33
-(imal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte)144 645.6 R .33
-(ger \(e.g., 42\) corresponding to the desired compatibility le)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.83(l. If).15 F F2 -.3(BA)144 657.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95
-(AT)-.74 G F1 .86
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-(ve)-.25 G 3.361(li).15 G 3.361(ss)-3.361 G .861(et to the def)-3.361 F
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-(ls, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility le).15
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-(alues correspond to the compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .627
-(ls described be-).15 F(lo)144 705.6 Q 2.87(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.87 E F3
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-717.6 R F2 .55(compat42 shopt)3.05 F F1 .549
-(option and set the compatibility le)3.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lt).15
-G 3.049(o4)-3.049 G 3.049(2. The)-3.049 F .549(current v)3.049 F .549
-(ersion is)-.15 F(also a v)144 729.6 Q(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
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-(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F
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-(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 108 R F0
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-.198(is subjected)2.448 F .525(to parameter e)144 120 R .525
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-(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 132 Q F3
--.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F1
-(is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F2 -.3(BA)
-108 144 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F1 .481(If set to an inte)144 156 R
-.481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F
-(,)-.4 E F2(bash)2.98 E F1 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F
-(-)-.2 E 3.305
-(ated when \231set \255x\232 is enabled to that \214le descriptor)144
-168 R 8.305(.T)-.55 G 3.306(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.305 F
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-(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638
-(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E
-F1 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\
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-(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA)144 204 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495
-E F1 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\
-ng it will result in the)2.991 F(standard error being closed.)144 216 Q
-F2(CDP)108 228 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1 1.247
-(The search path for the)144 240 R F2(cd)3.747 E F1 3.747(command. This)
-3.747 F 1.248(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)
-3.747 F(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144
-252 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F1 2.5(command. A)2.5 F(sample v)2.5 E
-(alue is \231.:\001:/usr\232.)-.25 E F2(CHILD_MAX)108 264 Q F1 .932
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-(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F(.)-.55 E F2(Bash)5.931 E F1 .931
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-(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078
-(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 300 Q
-2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E
-F2(COLUMNS)108 312 Q F1 .829(Used by the)144 324 R F2(select)3.329 E F1
-.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\
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-3.466 F F2(checkwinsize)3.466 E F1 .966
-(option is enabled or in an interacti)3.466 F 1.266 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.966(hell upon re-).15 F(ceipt of a)144 348 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9
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-144 372 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash)3.348 E F1 .848
-(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F
-(in)144 384 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G
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-(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F1(belo)2.785 E 2.785
-(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144
-396 Q F2(EMA)108 408 Q(CS)-.55 E F1(If)144 420 Q F2(bash)3.071 E F1 .571
-(\214nds this v)3.071 F .571(ariable in the en)-.25 F .571
-(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F .57
-(alue \231t\232, it assumes that)-.25 F
-(the shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 432 Q(uf)-.2 E
-(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 444 Q F1 .67
-(Expanded and e)144 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .67(cuted similarly to).15 F F3
--.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F1(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E
-(TION)-.95 E F1(abo)3.171 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.171(\)w).15 G .671
-(hen an interacti)-3.171 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 456 Q -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(n)-2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(EXECIGNORE)108 468 Q F1 2.717(Ac)144 480 S .217
-(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G
-(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F1 2.717(\)d)C .216
-(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116
-(ignored by command search using)144 492 R F2 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E
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-(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433
-(are not considered e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432
-(cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15
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--.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F1(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F1
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-(cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F
-(honors the setting of the)144 552 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F1(shell option.)
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-(GLOBIGNORE)144 708 Q F4(,)A F1(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df)
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-(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F4(bash)2.971 E
-F1 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F0 .472(posix mode)2.972 F F1
-.472(before reading)2.972 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 276
-R F4(\255\255posix)2.511 E F1(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011
-(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011
-(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 288 Q F4(bash)
-3.418 E F1(enables)3.418 E F0 .918(posix mode)3.418 F F1 3.418(,a)C
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-(he command \231set \255o posix\232 had been e)-3.419 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(as not already set.)-.1 E F4(PR)108 312 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F1 .155
-(If this v)144 324 R .155(ariable is set, and is an array)-.25 F 2.655
-(,t)-.65 G .155(he v)-2.655 F .155(alue of each set element is e)-.25 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .155(cuted as a command prior).15 F .407
-(to issuing each primary prompt.)144 336 R .407(If this is set b)5.407 F
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-(alue is used as a com-)-.25 F(mand to e)144 348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cute instead.).15 E F4(PR)108 360 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F1 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 372 R .676
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-(nents to retain when e)144 384 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(\\w)3.423
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-3.423 F F5(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
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-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F4(PS0)108 408 Q F1 1.174(The v)
-144 408 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)
--.15 F F5(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)3.424 E 1.174
-(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 420 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F4(PS1)108 432 Q F1 .064(The v)144 432 R
-.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F5(PR)
-2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F1(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 444 R
-(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \231\\s\255\\v\\$ \232.)-.25 E F4(PS2)
-108 456 Q F1 .118(The v)144 456 R .118(alue of this parameter is e)-.25
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-(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144
-468 Q(ault is \231> \232.)-.1 E F4(PS3)108 480 Q F1 1.115(The v)144 480
-R 1.115(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F4
-(select)3.615 E F1 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F5 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)
-3.616 F(MAR)144 492 Q F1(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F4(PS4)108
-504 Q F1 .101(The v)144 504 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F
-.101(xpanded as with)-.15 F F5(PS1)2.6 E F1 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F4(bash)144 516 Q F1 .334
-(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
-.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
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-(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 528 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
-G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
-(The def)5 E(ault is \231+ \232.)-.1 E F4(SHELL)108 540 Q F1 .543
-(This v)144 552 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543
-(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542
-(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F4(bash)3.042 E F1
-(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 564 Q 2.5(sl)
--.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F4(TIMEFORMA)108 576 Q(T)-.95 E F1 .826(The v)
-144 588 R .826
-(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 600 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F4(time)3.149 E F1
-(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F4(%)3.148 E F1 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 612 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 624 Q(ws; the brack)-.25 E
-(ets denote optional portions.)-.1 E F4(%%)144 636 Q F1 2.5(Al)194 636 S
-(iteral)-2.5 E F4(%)2.5 E F1(.)A F4(%[)144 648 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]R)A F1
-(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 648 Q F4(%[)144 660 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]U)
-A F1(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 660 Q F4(%[)144
-672 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]S)A F1
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 672 Q F4(%P)144 684
-Q F1(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 684 Q .87
-(The optional)144 700.8 R F0(p)3.37 E F1 .87(is a digit specifying the)
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-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.963(point. A)
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-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .464
-(At most six places after the)5.463 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 724.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F0
-(p)3.038 E F1 .537(greater than 6 are changed to 6.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F0(p)3.037 E F1 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(the v)144 84 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667
-(The optional)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F1 .668
-(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F0
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-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
-(If this v)144 129.6 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865
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-(.I)C 2.792(ft)-5.292 G .292(he v)-2.792 F .293(alue is null,)-.25 F F2
-(bash)2.793 E F1 .293(does not display an)2.793 F 2.793(yt)-.15 G(iming)
--2.793 E 2.5(information. A)144 153.6 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
-(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F2(TMOUT)108
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--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F1 .941(is treated as the def)
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--.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 189.6 Q F2(select)2.81 E F1 .31
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F1 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
-.886(ing from a terminal.)144 201.6 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
-(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 213.6
-S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2
-(Bash)6.05 E F1 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
-F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 225.6
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-R F2(bash)2.891 E F1 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F1 .39
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 261.6 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 273.6 Q(esume)-.18 E F1 .53(This v)144 285.6
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 297.6 R
-.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 309.6 S .366(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-321.6 R(The)6.125 E F0(name)3.985 E F1 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 333.6 Q 1.132
-(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
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-(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 345.6 R .606(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F0(substring)3.445 E F1 3.105(,t).22 G .605
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 357.6 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F0(substring)3.724 E F1 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 369.6 Q F2(%?)3.334 E
-F1 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
-E F1(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
-(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 381.6 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F2(%)2.816 E F0(string)A F1(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 393.6 Q(.)-.55
-E F2(histchars)108 405.6 Q F1 .546(The tw)144 417.6 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G
-3.046(rt)-3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F
-.545(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E
-(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 429.6 S(NSION).666
-E F1(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the)
-3.237 F F0 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(character)3.238 E
-3.238(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .613
-(nals the start of a history e)144 441.6 R .613(xpansion, normally \231)
--.15 F F2(!)A F1 3.113(\232. The)B .612(second character is the)3.113 F
-F0(quic)3.112 E 3.112(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.112 E F1(character)144
-453.6 Q 3.476(,w)-.4 G .977
-(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F .977
-(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .508(one string for another\
- in the command, when it appears as the \214rst character on the line.)
-144 465.6 R .507(The de-)5.507 F -.1(fa)144 477.6 S .232(ult is \231).1
-F F2<00>A F1 2.732(\232. The)B .233(optional third character is the cha\
-racter which indicates that the remainder of the)2.732 F .069
-(line is a comment when found as the \214rst character of a w)144 489.6
-R .069(ord, normally \231)-.1 F F2(#)A F1 2.568(\232. The)B .068
-(history comment)2.568 F .141(character causes history substitution to \
-be skipped for the remaining w)144 501.6 R .141(ords on the line.)-.1 F
-.142(It does not)5.142 F(necessarily cause the shell parser to treat th\
-e rest of the line as a comment.)144 513.6 Q F2(Arrays)87 530.4 Q(Bash)
-108 542.4 Q F1(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89
-(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 554.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
-.329(an array)108 566.4 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)
--.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
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-(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 578.4 R
-1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595
-(xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25
-H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
-590.4 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15
-(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F
-4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
-F0(name)4.962 E F1([)A F0(sub-)A(script)108 619.2 Q F1(]=)A F0(value)A
-F1 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F0(subscript)3.346 E F1 .507
-(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe)
--6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 631.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F2
-(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F0(name)3.693 E F1(\(see)
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-F1(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 643.2 Q 2.5<65ad>
--.18 G(a)-2.5 E F0(name)2.5 E F2([)A F0(subscript)A F2(])A F1
-(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F0(subscript)2.5 E F1(is ignored.)2.5 E
-(Associati)108 660 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E
-F2(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F0(name)2.5 E F1(.)A(Attrib)108
-676.8 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941
-(ariable using the)-.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F1(and)3.441 E F2
--.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F1 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F
-(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 688.8 Q
-(.)-.65 E 1.409
-(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 705.6
-R F0(name)3.909 E F1(=)A F2(\()A F1 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F0(1)A F1 -1.923
-1.666(... v)3.909 H(alue)-1.916 E F0(n)A F2(\))A F1 3.909(,w)C 1.409
-(here each)-3.909 F F0(value)108 717.6 Q F1 .211(may be of the form [)
-2.711 F F0(subscript)A F1(]=)A F0(string)A F1 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an)
--2.711 F .212(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F0(string)2.712 E F1(.)A(Each)108
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-(xpanded using the shell e)-.15 F 1.767(xpansions described belo)-.15 F
-4.267(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.267 E F3(EXP)4.267 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9
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-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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--2.719 F .219(alid v)-.25 F .219
-(ariable assignments including the brack)-.25 F .22
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-(vidual v)-.25 F .621(ariable assignments.)-.25 F .621
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-(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.296(xi)-.15 G 3.296
-(sa)-3.296 G .796(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-3.296 F 3.296(xo)-.15
-G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he element)-3.296 F(assigned is the last inde)
-108 120 Q 2.5(xa)-.15 G(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.5 E
-(Inde)5 E(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E 1.288
-(When assigning to an associati)108 136.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray)
-.15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w)-3.788 F 1.288
-(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment)-.1 F .608
-(statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108
-148.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2
-E 1.735(nating k)108 160.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.235(sa).15 G 1.735(nd v)
--4.235 F(alues:)-.25 E F0(name)4.235 E F1(=)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A
-F0 -.1(ke)4.235 G 1.735(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey)-.1 G 4.235(2v).3 G
-(alue2)-4.235 E F1 1.666(...)4.234 G F2(\))-1.666 E F1 6.734(.T)C 1.734
-(hese are treated identically to)-6.734 F F0(name)4.234 E F1(=)A F2(\()A
-F1([)108 172.8 Q F0 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F1(]=)A F0(value1)A F1([)2.91 E F0
--.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F1(]=)A F0(value2)A F1 1.666(...)2.91 G F2(\))-1.666 E
-F1 5.41(.T)C .41(he \214rst w)-5.41 F .411
-(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 2.911(wt)-.25 G .411
-(he remaining w)-2.911 F .411(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .154
-(preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 184.8 R
-.153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k)
--.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F
-(missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 196.8 Q(alue is treated lik)
--.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239
-(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 213.6 R F2(declar)2.739 E(e)
--.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24
-(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F0(name)108
-225.6 Q F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1(]=)A F0(value)A F1 1.917
-(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
-(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray)
--4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F0(name)4.777 E F1 1.916(is sub-)
-4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 237.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115
-(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
-(of)108 249.6 Q F0(name)2.677 E F1 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25
--.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177
-(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177
-(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676
-G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 261.6 Q .716
-(The += operator will append to an array v)108 278.4 R .717
-(ariable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax;)-.25 F
-(see)108 290.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F1
-(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 307.2 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076
-(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F0(name)A F1([)A
-F0(subscript)A F1 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F
--.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E .576(con\215icts with pathname e)108 319.2 R 3.076
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(subscript)3.076 E F1(is)3.076 E F2(@)3.076 E F1
-(or)3.076 E F2(*)3.076 E F1 3.076(,t)C .576(he w)-3.076 F .576(ord e)-.1
-F .576(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F0(name)3.077 E F1 3.077(,u)C(n-)
--3.077 E .098(less noted in the description of a b)108 331.2 R .097
-(uiltin or w)-.2 F .097(ord e)-.1 F 2.597(xpansion. These)-.15 F .097
-(subscripts dif)2.597 F .097(fer only when the w)-.25 F .097(ord ap-)-.1
-F .852(pears within double quotes.)108 343.2 R .852(If the w)5.852 F
-.852(ord is double-quoted, ${)-.1 F F0(name)A F1 .853([*]} e)B .853
-(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .853(ord with the)-.1 F -.25(va)108 355.2 S
-.013(lue of each array member separated by the \214rst character of the)
-.25 F F3(IFS)2.513 E F1 .013(special v)2.263 F .013(ariable, and ${)-.25
-F F0(name)A F1 .013([@]} e)B(x-)-.15 E .483(pands each element of)108
-367.2 R F0(name)2.983 E F1 .484(to a separate w)2.984 F 2.984(ord. When)
--.1 F .484(there are no array members, ${)2.984 F F0(name)A F1 .484
-([@]} e)B(xpands)-.15 E 1.074(to nothing.)108 379.2 R 1.074
-(If the double-quoted e)6.074 F 1.074(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F
-1.074(ord, the e)-.1 F 1.073(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is)-.15 F
-.614(joined with the be)108 391.2 R .614(ginning part of the original w)
--.15 F .614(ord, and the e)-.1 F .615
-(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .04
-(the last part of the original w)108 403.2 R 2.54(ord. This)-.1 F .04
-(is analogous to the e)2.54 F .04(xpansion of the special parameters)
--.15 F F2(*)2.54 E F1(and)2.54 E F2(@)2.54 E F1(\(see)2.54 E F2 1.245
-(Special P)108 415.2 R(arameters)-.1 E F1(abo)3.745 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.745(\). ${#).15 F F0(name)A F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1 1.245(]} e)B
-1.246(xpands to the length of ${)-.15 F F0(name)A F1([)A F0(subscript)A
-F1 3.746(]}. If)B F0(sub-)3.746 E(script)108 427.2 Q F1(is)2.728 E F2(*)
-2.728 E F1(or)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F1 2.728(,t)C .228(he e)-2.728 F .228
-(xpansion is the number of elements in the array)-.15 F 5.227(.I)-.65 G
-2.727(ft)-5.227 G(he)-2.727 E F0(subscript)3.067 E F1 .227
-(used to reference an)3.407 F .437(element of an inde)108 439.2 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.937(da).15 G .437(rray e)-2.937 F -.25(va)-.25 G .437
-(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relati).25 F
-.738 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.938(oo).15 G .438(ne greater)-2.938 F .02
-(than the maximum inde)108 451.2 R 2.52(xo)-.15 G 2.52(ft)-2.52 G .02
-(he array)-2.52 F 2.52(,s)-.65 G 2.52(on)-2.52 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.52 H
-(ti).15 E .32 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .02
-(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.52(,a)-.65 G .02
-(nd an inde)-2.52 F(x)-.15 E(of \2551 references the last element.)108
-463.2 Q .595(Referencing an array v)108 480 R .595
-(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595
-(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An)108
-492 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E
-(alid subscript is v)-.25 E(alid, and)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1
-(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 508.8 Q
-(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E
-2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
-.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 525.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\()
-.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917
-(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(@)A F1 .417(]} and ${)B F2
-(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(*)A F1(]})A -.15(ex)108 537.6 S .749
-(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(name)
-3.249 E F1 5.749(.T)C .75
-(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108
-549.6 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F0(@)2.5 E F1(and)2.5
-E F0(*)2.5 E F1(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 566.4 Q F2(unset)
-2.767 E F1 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
-G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F0(name)2.767 E F1([)A F0(subscript)A
-F1 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)
--.15 E F0(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 578.4 Q F1 2.858(,f)C .358
-(or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati)
--2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
-.05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205
-(scribed abo)108 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205
-(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204
-(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F0
-(name)3.704 E F1(,)A(where)108 602.4 Q F0(name)3.412 E F1 .912
-(is an array)3.412 F 3.412(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.412 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.412
-(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.412 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F0
-(name)3.412 E F1([)A F0(subscript)A F1 .912(], where)B F0(subscript)
-3.413 E F1(is)3.413 E F2(*)3.413 E F1(or)3.413 E F2(@)3.413 E F1 3.413
-(,b)C(e-)-3.413 E(ha)108 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.126(sd).15 G(if)-3.126
-E .626(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F0(name)3.126 E F1 .626
-(is an inde)3.126 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G
-(ssociati)-3.126 E .925 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.625(.I)-.65 G(f)
--5.625 E F0(name)3.125 E F1 .625(is an associati)3.125 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(array)108 626.4 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567
-(his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F1(or)3.067
-E F2(@)3.067 E F1 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F0(name)3.067 E F1 .567
-(is an inde)3.067 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.067(da).15 G(rray)-3.067 E 3.067
-(,u)-.65 G .567(nset remo)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.067(sa).15 G .567
-(ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 638.4 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 655.2 R
-.029(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028
-(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F1 2.528(,w)C
-.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 667.2 R .937(ord e)-.1 F
-.937(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G
-.937(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 679.2 Q
-(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E
-(The)108 696 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F1(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F1
-2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.684 G
-.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>2.684 E F1 .184
-(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183
-(rray and a)-2.683 F F2<ad41>2.683 E F1(op-)2.683 E .041
-(tion to specify an associati)108 708 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E
-5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,)-2.541
-F F2<ad41>2.541 E F1(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)5.041 E
-F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 F .864
-(cepts a)108 720 R F2<ad61>3.364 E F1 .864(option to assign a list of w)
-3.364 F .864(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863
-(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F1(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltins display array v).2 E
-(alues in a w)-.25 E(ay that allo)-.1 E
-(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(EXP)72 100.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F1 .764(Expansion is performed on the com\
-mand line after it has been split into w)108 112.8 R 3.264(ords. The)-.1
-F .765(shell performs these)3.264 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S(pansions:).15 E
-F0(br)3.797 E 1.027(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0 1.027
-(tilde e)3.657 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0(par)4.777 E 1.027
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0 1.027
-(command substitution)3.727 F F1(,).24 E F0(arithmetic e)108.33 136.8 Q
-(xpansion)-.2 E F1(,).24 E F0(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E
-F1(,).22 E F0(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F1 2.5(,a).24 G(nd)-2.5 E
-F0(quote r)2.75 E(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 E F1(.).51 E .418(The order of e)
-108 153.6 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418(xpansion; tilde e)
--.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419(ariable e)-.25 F .419
-(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 165.6 S .28
-(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F .28
-(ashion\); w)-.1 F .28(ord splitting; pathname e)-.1 F(xpansion;)-.15 E
-(and quote remo)108 177.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E .257
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 194.4 R
-.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F0(pr)2.757 E .257
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F1 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
-E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 206.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G
-(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
--.15 E F0 .25(Quote r)108 223.2 R(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 E F1 .25(is al)2.75
-F -.1(wa)-.1 G .25(ys performed last.).1 F .249(It remo)5.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.749(sq).15 G .249(uote characters present in the original w)
--2.749 F .249(ord, not ones)-.1 F(resulting from one of the other e)108
-235.2 Q(xpansions, unless the)-.15 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.5 H
-(been quoted themselv)2.7 E(es.)-.15 E .171(Only brace e)108 252 R .171
-(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171
-(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F
-(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 264 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776
-(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276(ord. The)-.1
-F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-.328(pansions of)108 276 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF("$@")2.828 E F1(and)
-2.828 E F3("${)2.828 E F0(name)A F3([@]}")A F1 2.828(,a)C .328
-(nd, in most cases,)-2.828 F F3($*)2.828 E F1(and)2.828 E F3(${)2.828 E
-F0(name)A F3([*]})A F1 .329(as e)2.828 F .329(xplained abo)-.15 F .629
--.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.829 G(-).666
-E(RAMETERS)108 288 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F3(Brace Expansion)87
-304.8 Q F0(Br)108.58 316.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 .606
-(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 328.8 Q F0 .415
-(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 2.915(,b)C .415
-(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
-.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 340.8 R F0(pr)3.823 E(eamble)
--.37 E F1 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073
-(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 352.8 R
-.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F0(postscript)4.239 E F1 5.49(.T).68 G
-.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\
-ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\
- resulting string, e)108 364.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
-376.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 393.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F
-.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
-(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 405.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F3({)A F1
-(d,c,b)A F3(})A F1 2.5(ee)C(xpands into \231ade ace abe\232.)-2.65 E
-3.149(As)108 422.4 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F
-.649(es the form)-.1 F F3({)3.149 E F0(x)A F3(..)A F0(y)A F3([..)A F0
-(incr)A F3(]})A F1 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F0(x)3.149 E F1(and)3.149 E
-F0(y)3.149 E F1 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648
-(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F0(incr)108 434.4 Q F1 2.615(,a)C
-2.615(no)-2.615 G .115(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E
-5.115(.W)-.55 G .115(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)
--.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F .736
-(ber between)108 446.4 R F0(x)3.236 E F1(and)3.236 E F0(y)3.236 E F1
-3.236(,i)C(nclusi)-3.236 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.736(.I).15 G 3.236(ft)-5.736
-G .736(he supplied inte)-3.236 F .736(gers are pre\214x)-.15 F .736
-(ed with)-.15 F F0(0)3.236 E F1 3.236(,e)C .735(ach term will ha)-3.236
-F 1.035 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .735(he same).15 F .225
-(width, zero-padding if necessary)108 458.4 R 5.225(.W)-.65 G .226
-(hen either)-5.225 F F0(x)2.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F0(y)2.726 E F1(be)2.726
-E .226(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all gen-)-.15 F
-1.073(erated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding w\
-here necessary)108 470.4 R 6.072(.W)-.65 G 1.072(hen letters are sup-)
--6.072 F .567(plied, the e)108 482.4 R .567(xpression e)-.15 F .567
-(xpands to each character le)-.15 F .567(xicographically between)-.15 F
-F0(x)3.067 E F1(and)3.067 E F0(y)3.068 E F1 3.068(,i)C(nclusi)-3.068 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.068(,u).15 G .568(sing the de-)-3.068 F -.1(fa)108
-494.4 S .574(ult C locale.).1 F .574(Note that both)5.574 F F0(x)3.074 E
-F1(and)3.074 E F0(y)3.074 E F1 .574(must be of the same type \(inte)
-3.074 F .574(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .573(When the increment is)5.573 F
-(supplied, it is used as the dif)108 506.4 Q(ference between each term.)
--.25 E(The def)5 E(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E
-.581(Brace e)108 523.2 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F
-3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082
-(yc)-.15 G .582(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E
-.016(are preserv)108 535.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
-(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F3(Bash)5.016 E F1 .015
-(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 547.2 Q
-(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 564 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(xp\
-ansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least o\
-ne un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 576 R .458(alid sequence e)
--.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.)
--.15 F(A)108 588 Q F3({)2.521 E F1(or)2.521 E F3(,)2.521 E F1 .021
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15
-F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172
-(con\215icts with parameter e)108 600 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F3(${)2.672 E F1 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F
-.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 612 Q
-(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F3(})2.5 E F1(.)A 1.476(This constru\
-ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
-gs to be generated is)108 628.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 640.8 Q .3
--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144
-657.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 669.6 Q(cho)144
-681.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15
-E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 698.4 R .618
-(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)3.118 E F1(.)A F3(sh)5.618 E F1 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 710.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F3(Bash)5.248 E F1(remo)108 722.4 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
-(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F3(sh)
-3.53 E F1(as)3.53 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(22)
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E F0(\214le{1,2})108 84 Q F1 .514
-(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F0 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F1 .515(after e)
-3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.015 E F1(.)
-A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 96 R F2(sh)2.936 E F1 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F1 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
-(+B)2.936 E F1 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 108 Q F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
-2.5 E F1(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09
-E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 124.8 S
-(lde Expansion).18 E F1 .845(If a w)108 136.8 R .846(ord be)-.1 F .846
-(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(\231)-.15 F F2<01>A F1 .846
-(\232\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(sl\
-ash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered\
- a)108 148.8 R F0(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 160.8 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F0(lo)108 172.8 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F1 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
-(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 184.8 Q/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F1 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
-ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 196.8 Q .368
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a \231\001+\232, the v)108 213.6 R .368
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.868 E F1 .368
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.618 F .368(If the tilde-pre\214x)5.368 F
-.185(is a \231\001\255\232, the v)108 225.6 R .185(alue of the shell v)
--.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)2.685 E F4(,)A F1 .185
-(if it is set, is substituted.)2.435 F .185(If the characters follo)
-5.185 F .185(wing the)-.25 F .658
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 237.6 R F0(N)3.158
-E F1 3.158(,o)C .658(ptionally pre\214x)-3.158 F .657
-(ed by a \231+\232 or a \231\255\232, the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F
-.138(placed with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as\
- it w)108 249.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F1
--.2(bu)2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 261.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839
-(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)
--.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338
-(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F(of a number withou\
-t a leading \231+\232 or \231\255\232, \231+\232 is assumed.)108 273.6 Q
-(If the login name is in)108 290.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e)
-.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166
-(Each v)108 307.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167
-(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F
-.167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F1 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)
-2.667 E F1 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 319.2 R
-.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)
--.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F
-(ments to)108 331.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25
-E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)
--.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(Bash)108 348 Q F1 1.768(also performs tilde e)
-4.268 F 1.768(xpansion on w)-.15 F 1.769
-(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F 1.769
-(ariable assignments \(as de-)-.25 F .464(scribed abo)108 360 R .764
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.964 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A
-F1 .464(when the)2.714 F 2.964(ya)-.15 G .464(ppear as ar)-2.964 F .463
-(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F F2(Bash)5.463 E F1 .463(does not)
-2.963 F(do this, e)108 372 Q(xcept for the)-.15 E F0(declar)2.5 E(ation)
--.15 E F1(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)
--2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 388.8 S
-(rameter Expansion).1 E F1 .014(The \231)108 400.8 R F2($)A F1 2.514
-<9a63>C .014(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.514 F .014
-(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.515
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.515 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)
-108 412.8 R .314
-(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314
-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)-2.813 E .414
-(the v)108 424.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415
-(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108
-436.8 Q 1.073
-(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst \231)108
-453.6 R F2(})A F1 3.573<9a6e>C 1.072
-(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.573 F .821
-(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 465.6 R .822
-(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(pansion.)108 477.6 Q(${)108 494.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A .106
-(The v)144 506.4 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
-.106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F
-F0(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11
-(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 518.4 R F0(par)3.86 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111
-(wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208
-(interpreted as part of its name.)144 530.4 R(The)5.208 E F0(par)2.708 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G F2 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 542.4 Q F1 2.5
-(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A
-F1(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F0(par)2.846 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F
-F2(!)A F1 .346(\), and)B F0(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is not a)
-2.846 F F0(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G
-(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 571.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907
-(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F1 .406
-(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406
-(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F0(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .406
-(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F0(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 583.2 Q
-F1 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F
-.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079
-(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F
-(original)108 595.2 Q F0(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043
-(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F0(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37
-F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042
-(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 607.2 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15
-F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .249
-(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51
-(name of the parameter referenced by)108 619.2 R F0(par)4.01 E(ameter)
--.15 E F1 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 631.2 R .387
-(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A
-F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F0
-(name)A F1([)A F0(@)A F1 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H
-.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108
-643.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)
--2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 660 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F0(wor)
-3.484 E(d)-.37 E F1 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334
-(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15
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-(When not performing substring e)108 688.8 R .067
-(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G
-(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F1(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F1 .067
-(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 700.8 Q(Omi\
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--.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 120 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F0
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .265(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E
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-(d)-.37 E F1 .266(is assigned to)3.536 F F0(par)4.016 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)
-144 144 Q F1 5.545(.T).73 G .545(he v)-5.545 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .544(is then substituted.)3.774 F .544
-(Positional parameters and special parameters)5.544 F
-(may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 168
-Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .535
-(Display Err)144 180 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F1 5.535(.I)C(f)
--5.535 E F0(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .535(is null or unset, the e)
-3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F1 .535
-(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 192 R .013(fect if)-.25 F
-F0(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F1 .013(is not present\) is written to the stan\
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E
-(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)
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-.745(Use Alter)144 228 R .745(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F1 5.745(.I)C(f)
--5.745 E F0(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .745
-(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 240 Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1
-(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 252 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0
-(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(})A(${)108 264 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0
-(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F0(length)A F1(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion)
-144 276 R F1 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F0(length)2.502 E
-F1 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.502 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003
-(character speci\214ed by)144 288 R F0(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F1 5.003
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-F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F1 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F2(@)
-2.503 E F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.504 E F1 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n)
--2.504 E(associati)144 300 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722
-(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F
-4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F0(length)3.222 E F1 .722(is omitted, e)
-3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 312 R .042
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .043
-(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F0(of)2.543 E(fset)
--.18 E F1 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847
-(end of the v)144 324 R(alue.)-.25 E F0(length)5.846 E F1(and)3.346 E F0
-(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846
-(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F
-(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(belo)144 336 Q(w\).)-.25 E
-(If)144 352.8 Q F0(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529
-(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529
-(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F
-.046(end of the v)144 364.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.546 E(ameter)
--.15 E F1 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F0(length)2.546 E F1 -.25(eva)2.546 G
-.046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F
-(of)144 376.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F
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-(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 388.8 R
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-F1 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25
-F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 400.8 Q -.2
-(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G
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-(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25(va)-.25 G(l-).25 E .023(uates to the last po\
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-441.6 R .023(It is an e)5.023 F(xpansion)-.15 E(error if)144 453.6 Q F0
-(length)2.5 E F1 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to a number less than zero.).25 E
-(If)144 470.4 Q F0(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .514(is an inde)3.014 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514
-(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F0(length)
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-(than the maximum inde)144 494.4 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08
-(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579
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-(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 540 R
-.821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\
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-F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F0(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .159
-(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F1
-.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 564 Q(${)108
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-(e\214x)-.37 E F1 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258
-(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 616.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F1
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-(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 669.6 R(eys)-.1 E F1 6.136(.I)C(f)
--6.136 E F0(name)3.636 E F1 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136
-(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 681.6 R F0(name)
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-(@)2.897 E F1(is used and the e)144 693.6 Q
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-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(${)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)A F0(par)A
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S .47(rameter length).1 F F1 5.47
-(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F
-F0(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E
-F0(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 108 Q F1(is)3.627 E F2(*)2.897 E F1
-(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F1 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397
-(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
-5.396 E F0(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E
-.78(ray name subscripted by)144 120 R F2(*)3.28 E F1(or)3.28 E F2(@)3.28
-E F1 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781
-(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781
-(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F0(par)145.25 132 Q(ameter)-.15 E F1 .456
-(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456
-(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455
-(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 144 R 1.272 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.472
-F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F0(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.473(,s)C
-3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 -.15(ve i)-.25
-H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)144 156 Q 2.5
-(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
-(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 172.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15
-E F2(#)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108 184.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
-F2(##)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo)144 196.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1
-H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F1 6.196(.T)
-C(he)-6.196 E F0(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F1 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .543(name e)144
-208.8 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544(ainst the e)-.05 F
-.544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 220.8 Q F2 -.1(Pa)
-3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F1(belo)3.132 E 4.432
--.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F
-.632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.382 E(ameter)
--.15 E F1(,).73 E 1.151(then the result of the e)144 232.8 R 1.151
-(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F
-.554(pattern \(the \231#\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(t\
-he \231##\232 case\) deleted.)144 244.8 R(If)5.553 E F0(par)4.303 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.783 E F2(@)3.053 E F1(or)144 256.8 Q F2(*)3.018 E
-F1 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25
-G .518
-(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
--3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 268.8 R(If)
-5.304 E F0(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F1(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E
-F1 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G
-2.987(lo).25 G .487
-(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 292.8 Q(${)108
-309.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108
-321.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo)
-144 333.6 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15
-E F1 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F0(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F1 .147(is e)2.647 F
-.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144
-345.6 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
-.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter)
-.1 E 2.732(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.732 E F1(belo)2.732 E 4.032 -.65(w. I)
--.25 H 2.732(ft).65 G .231
-(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-2.732 F .231(xpanded v)
--.15 F .231(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.981 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)144 369.6 Q F1
-4.399(,t).73 G 1.899(hen the result of the e)-4.399 F 1.899
-(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.899(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.9(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)5.65 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.9(with the shortest)5.13 F .019(matching\
- pattern \(the \231%\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the \
-\231%%\232 case\) deleted.)144 381.6 R(If)5.019 E F0(par)3.769 E(a-)-.15
-E(meter)144 393.6 Q F1(is)3.559 E F2(@)2.829 E F1(or)2.829 E F2(*)2.829
-E F1 2.829(,t)C .329(he pattern remo)-2.829 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.829(lo)
-.25 G .33(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and)
--2.829 F .64(the e)144 405.6 R .64(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15
-F(If)5.64 E F0(par)4.39 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.14 E F1(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F1
-3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E .422(pattern remo)144 417.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922
-(lo).25 G .422
-(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.922 F .423(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108
-446.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1
-(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(//)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A
-F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F0
-(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15
-E F2(/%)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S
-(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F1 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107
-E F0(pattern)3.607 E F1 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion.)144 506.4 Q F0 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F1 1.033
-(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F0(pattern)
-3.533 E F1(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034
-(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F0(string)144 518.4 Q F1(.)A F0(string)
-5.499 E F1(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499
-(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137
-(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 530.4 R -.25(va)
--.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637
-F .076(described under)144 542.4 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM)
--.15 G(atching)-2.576 E F1(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt)
-.65 G .075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G
-.075(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144
-554.4 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F0(par)2.98 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(and)2.98 E F0(pattern)2.98 E F1 .48
-(\(the second form abo)2.98 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15
-F F0(pattern)144 566.4 Q F1 .375(are replaced with)2.875 F F0(string)
-2.874 E F1 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F0(pattern)2.874 E F1 .374
-(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F1 .374(\(the third form abo)2.874
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 F .088(at the be)144 578.4 R
-.088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v)-.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F
-F0(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.088(.I)C(f)-5.088 E F0(pattern)2.588 E
-F1 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E F1 .089(\(the fourth form)
-2.589 F(abo)144 590.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315
-(\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft)
--5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(string)2.815 E F1
-(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 602.4 R F0(pattern)2.898 E F1 .398
-(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F0(string)2.898 E F1 .398
-(is null, matches of)2.898 F F0(pattern)2.898 E F1 .399
-(are deleted and the)2.899 F F2(/)2.899 E F1(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 614.4 Q
-(wing)-.25 E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144
-631.2 R F2(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F1 .95
-(shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F1 3.45(,a)C 1.25
--.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F2(&)3.45 E F1(in)3.45
-E F0(string)144 643.2 Q F1(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5
-E F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(.)A .749(Quoting an)144 660 R 3.249(yp)-.15 G .749
-(art of)-3.249 F F0(string)3.249 E F1 .749
-(inhibits replacement in the e)3.249 F .75
-(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767
-(replacement strings stored in shell v)144 672 R 3.267
-(ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F2(&)3.267 E F1(in)
-3.267 E F0(string)3.267 E F1 3.267(;t)C .767(he backslash is)-3.267 F
-(remo)144 684 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.668(di).15 G 2.668(no)-2.668 G .169
-(rder to permit a literal)-2.668 F F2(&)2.669 E F1 .169
-(in the replacement string.)2.669 F .169
-(Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.429(cape a backslash;)144
-696 R F2(\\\\)3.928 E F1 1.428
-(results in a literal backslash in the replacement.)3.928 F 1.428
-(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.928(ec)-.1 G 1.428(are if)-3.928 F F0
-(string)144 708 Q F1 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.791 F -.2(vo)-.2 G
-.292(id unw).2 F .292
-(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .054
-(since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 720 R
--.15(Pa)5.053 G .053(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .069(for unquoted)144 84 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&)
-2.569 E F1 .069(after e)2.569 F(xpanding)-.15 E F0(string)2.569 E F1
-2.569(;s)C .069(hell programmers should quote an)-2.569 F 2.57(yo)-.15 G
-.07(ccurrences of)-2.57 F F2(&)2.57 E F1(the)2.57 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144
-96 S 1.113(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112
-(en literally in the replacement and ensure an)-.1 F 3.612(yi)-.15 G
-1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F1(the)3.612 E 3.612(yw)-.15 G
-1.112(ant to be re-)-3.712 F(placed are unquoted.)144 108 Q .686(If the)
-144 124.8 R F2(nocasematch)3.186 E F1 .687
-(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .736(alphabetic characters.)144
-136.8 R(If)5.736 E F0(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.966 E F2(@)3.236
-E F1(or)3.236 E F2(*)3.236 E F1 3.236(,t)C .736
-(he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .654
-(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 148.8 R .654
-(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F0(par)4.405 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .348
-(subscripted with)144 160.8 R F2(@)2.848 E F1(or)2.848 E F2(*)2.848 E F1
-2.848(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \
-the array in turn,)-2.848 F(and the e)144 172.8 Q
-(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 189.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)
--.15 E F2<00>A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 201.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
-F2<0000>A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 213.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2
-(,)A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 225.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A
-F0(pattern)A F1(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 237.6 R F1 5.437(.T)
-C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438
-(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F0(par)
-2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F0(pattern)144 249.6 Q
-F1 .374(is e)2.874 F .374
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874
-(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513
-(panded v)144 261.6 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F0(pattern)3.013 E F1 3.013
-(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15
-(ve)144 273.6 S 2.658(rted. The).15 F .157
-(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.658 F
-5.157(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.157 E F2<00>2.657 E F1 .157(operator con)2.657 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 285.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25
-F F0(pattern)2.681 E F1 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F1
-.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181
-(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .149(to lo)144 297.6 R 2.649
-(wercase. The)-.25 F F2<0000>2.649 E F1(and)2.649 E F2(,,)2.649 E F1
--.15(ex)2.649 G .149(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .149
-(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .148(xpanded v)-.15 F .148
-(alue; the)-.25 F F2<00>144 309.6 Q F1(and)3.037 E F2(,)3.037 E F1 -.15
-(ex)3.037 G .537(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .538
-(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .538(xpanded v)-.15 F
-3.038(alue. If)-.25 F F0(pattern)3.038 E F1(is)3.038 E 1.121
-(omitted, it is treated lik)144 321.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F1 3.621
-(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character)
-.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F0(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)4.35 E
-F2(@)3.62 E F1(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F1 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F
-.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\
-n turn, and the e)144 333.6 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25
-(sultant list.)144 345.6 R(If)5.25 E F0(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .25
-(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E
-F1(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F1 2.749(,t)C .249
-(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E
-(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144
-357.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 374.4 Q F0(par)A
-(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F0(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S
-.86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F1 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F
-.86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25
-F F0(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .154(or information about)144 398.4 R
-F0(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F
-.153(alue of)-.25 F F0(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F1 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153
-E F0(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F1 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144
-410.4 Q F2(U)144 427.2 Q F1 .142(The e)180 427.2 R .142
-(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
-2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .142(with lo)2.642 F .143
-(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
-(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 451.2 Q F1 .43(The e)180 451.2 R .43
-(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
-2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 463.2 Q
-F2(L)144 475.2 Q F1 .124(The e)180 475.2 R .124
-(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
-2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F
-(ters con)180 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2
-(Q)144 499.2 Q F1 1.065(The e)180 499.2 R 1.065
-(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
-3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F
-(reused as input.)180 511.2 Q F2(E)144 523.2 Q F1 .44(The e)180 523.2 R
-.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941
-F -.15(ex)180 535.2 S(panded as with the).15 E F2<2408>2.5 E F1 1.666
-(...)C F2<08>-1.666 E F1(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 547.2 Q F1
-1.073(The e)180 547.2 R 1.073
-(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073
-(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 559.2 Q F2(PR)
-2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 571.2 Q F1 1.137
-(The e)180 571.2 R 1.138
-(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F
-F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F1(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 583.2 Q
--.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
-(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(K)144 595.2 Q F1
-1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 595.2 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15
-F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.839(,e)C 1.339
-(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 607.2 S .257
-(lues of inde).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)
--2.757 F .557 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15
-F -.15(ey)-.1 G(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F2(Ar)2.758 E(-)
--.37 E(rays)180 619.2 Q F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). The).15 F
--.1(ke)2.5 G(ys and v)-.05 E
-(alues are quoted in a format that can be reused as input.)-.25 E F2(a)
-144 631.2 Q F1(The e)180 631.2 Q
-(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E(alues representing)
--.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.1 -.55('s a)D(ttrib).55 E(utes.)
--.2 E F2(k)144 643.2 Q F1(Lik)180 643.2 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G .157
-(he K transformation, b)-2.658 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k)-.15
-F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157(alues of inde)
--.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .157(nd associati)-2.657 F .457
--.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 655.2 Q
-(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 672 Q F0(par)4.402 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.882 E F2(@)3.152 E F1(or)3.152 E F2(*)3.153 E F1
-3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\
- turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.)
-144 684 R(If)5.403 E F0(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .403(is an array v)
-3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.903 E F1(or)2.903 E
-F2(*)2.903 E F1 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F
-(tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 696
-Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e)144
-712.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708
-(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15
-F(lo)144 724.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
-144.29 E(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Command Substitution)87 84 Q
-F0 .324(Command substitution)108 96 R F1(allo)2.824 E .324
-(ws the output of a command to replace the command itself.)-.25 F .323
-(There are tw)5.323 F 2.823(os)-.1 G(tan-)-2.823 E(dard forms:)108 108 Q
-F2($\()144 124.8 Q F0(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F1(or \(deprecated\))108
-136.8 Q F2<92>144 148.8 Q F0(command)A F2<92>A F1(.)A F2(Bash)108 165.6
-Q F1 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuting).15 E F0(command)2.588 E F1 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089
-(vironment and replacing the command)-.4 F .41
-(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)108 177.6
-R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .41
-(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 189.6 R
-.192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F .192
-(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F0(\214le)2.692 E F2
-(\))A F1(can be replaced by the equi)108 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b)
-.25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F2(\))A F1(.)
-A -.4(Wi)108 218.4 S 1.237(th the old-style backquote form of substitut\
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--.15 F(lo)108 230.4 Q .527(wed by)-.25 F F2($)3.027 E F1(,)A F2<92>3.027
-E F1 3.027(,o)C(r)-3.027 E F2(\\)3.027 E F1 5.527(.T)C .528(he \214rst \
-backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substituti\
-on.)-5.527 F .092(When using the $\()108 242.4 R F0(command).833 E F1
-2.592(\)f)1.666 G .092(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)
--2.592 F 2.592(eu)-.1 G 2.592(pt)-2.592 G .092(he command; none are)
--2.592 F(treated specially)108 254.4 Q(.)-.65 E
-(There is an alternate form of command substitution:)108 271.2 Q F2(${)
-144 288 Q F0 2.5(cc)C(ommand)-2.5 E F2 1.666(;})C F1 .639(which e)108
-304.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(command)3.139 E F1 .639
-(in the current e)3.139 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cution en).15 F .639
-(vironment and captures its output, ag)-.4 F .64(ain with trailing)-.05
-F(ne)108 316.8 Q(wlines remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .271
-(The character)108 333.6 R F0(c)2.771 E F1(follo)2.771 E .271
-(wing the open brace must be a space, tab, ne)-.25 F .271(wline, or)-.25
-F F2(|)2.771 E F1 2.771(,a)C .271(nd the close brace must be in)-2.771 F
-2.821(ap)108 345.6 S .321(osition where a reserv)-2.821 F .321(ed w)-.15
-F .321(ord may appear \(i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as \
-semicolon\).)-.1 F F2(Bash)108 357.6 Q F1(allo)2.71 E .21
-(ws the close brace to be joined to the remaining characters in the w)
--.25 F .209(ord without being follo)-.1 F .209(wed by)-.25 F 2.5(as)108
-369.6 S(hell metacharacter as a reserv)-2.5 E(ed w)-.15 E(ord w)-.1 E
-(ould usually require.)-.1 E(An)108 386.4 Q 3.384(ys)-.15 G .884(ide ef)
--3.384 F .884(fects of)-.25 F F0(command)3.384 E F1(tak)3.384 E 3.384
-(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.384 G .884(ect immediately in the current e).25 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .884(cution en).15 F .884(vironment and persist in)-.4 F
-(the current en)108 398.4 Q
-(vironment after the command completes \(e.g., the)-.4 E F2(exit)2.5 E
-F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin will e).2 E(xit the shell\).)-.15 E .221
-(This type of command substitution super\214cially resembles e)108 415.2
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G .221(cuting an unnamed shell function: local v).15 F
-(ari-)-.25 E .172(ables are created as when a shell function is e)108
-427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .172(cuting, and the).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.672 G
-(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 -.2(bu)2.672 G .172(iltin forces).2 F F0(command)
-2.672 E F1 .172(to complete;)2.672 F(ho)108 439.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.521 -.4(r, t).15 H 1.721(he rest of the e).4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.721(cution en).15 F 1.721
-(vironment, including the positional parameters, is shared with the)-.4
-F(caller)108 451.2 Q(.)-.55 E .392(If the \214rst character follo)108
-468 R .392(wing the open brace is a)-.25 F F2(|)2.892 E F1 2.892(,t)C
-.392(he construct e)-2.892 F .392(xpands to the v)-.15 F .392
-(alue of the)-.25 F F2(REPL)2.892 E(Y)-.92 E F1(shell)2.892 E -.25(va)
-108 480 S .505(riable after).25 F F0(command)3.005 E F1 -.15(exe)3.005 G
-.505(cutes, without remo).15 F .505(ving an)-.15 F 3.005(yt)-.15 G .505
-(railing ne)-3.005 F .505(wlines, and the standard output of)-.25 F F0
-(com-)3.005 E(mand)108 492 Q F1 1.208
-(remains the same as in the calling shell.)3.708 F F2(Bash)6.208 E F1
-(creates)3.708 E F2(REPL)3.708 E(Y)-.92 E F1 1.208
-(as an initially-unset local v)3.708 F(ariable)-.25 E(when)108 504 Q F0
-(command)3.514 E F1 -.15(exe)3.514 G 1.014(cutes, and restores).15 F F2
-(REPL)3.514 E(Y)-.92 E F1 1.014(to the v)3.514 F 1.014
-(alue it had before the command substitution after)-.25 F F0(command)108
-516 Q F1(completes, as with an)2.5 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ocal v)-2.5 E
-(ariable.)-.25 E .894(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 532.8 R
-2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894
-(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
-(quotes with backslashes.)108 544.8 Q .004
-(If the substitution appears within double quotes,)108 561.6 R F2(bash)
-2.504 E F1 .004(does not perform w)2.504 F .004
-(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion on the results.)
-108 573.6 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 590.4 Q F1 1.034(Arithmetic e)108
-602.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035
-(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
-(The format for arithmetic e)108 614.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\()
-144 631.2 Q F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F1(The)108 648 Q
-F0 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(under)2.976 E .236
-(goes the same e)-.18 F .236
-(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .235
-(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .42(ters in)108 660 R F0 -.2(ex)2.92 G
-(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 .42(are not treated specially and are remo)
-2.92 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. All).15 F(tok)2.921 E .421(ens in the e)
--.1 F .421(xpression under)-.15 F .421(go parame-)-.18 F 1.21(ter and v)
-108 672 R 1.21(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209
-(xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G
-3.709(l. The).25 F 1.209(result is treated as the arith-)3.709 F
-(metic e)108 684 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5
-(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E
-1.378(The e)108 700.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
-(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
--.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F
-(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1
-(If)5.879 E F0 -.2(ex)108 712.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(is in)2.74 E
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(prints a message indicating f)
-2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)87 84 Q
-(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F0(Pr)108 96 Q .405(ocess substitution)-.45 F
-F1(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405
-(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405
-(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 108 Q F2(<\()3.25 E F0
-(list)A F2(\)).833 E F1(or)3.25 E F2(>\()3.25 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E
-F1 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F0(list)3.251 E F1 .751
-(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751
-(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148
-(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 120 R .148
-(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F2(>\()2.647 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E
-F1 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 132 R .559
-(vide input for)-.15 F F0(list)3.059 E F1 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G
-(he)-3.059 E F2(<\()3.06 E F0(list)A F2(\)).833 E F1 .56
-(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 144 Q .309
-(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F0(list)2.808 E F1
-5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
--5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 156 Q F0(FIFOs)A F1 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)
--2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F1
-(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 172.8 R -.25(va)
--.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\
-h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 184.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
--.75(Wo)87 201.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F1 1.143
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 213.6 R 1.142
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
-(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 225.6 Q
-F0(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F1(.).22 E .063
-(The shell treats each character of)108 242.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(IFS)2.563 E F1 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063
-(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
--.15 F(ords)-.1 E(using these characters as \214eld terminators.)108
-254.4 Q(If)108 271.2 Q F3(IFS)3.083 E F1 .583(is unset, or its v)2.833 F
-.582(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(<space><tab><newline>)3.082 E F1
-3.082(,t)C .582(he def)-3.082 F .582(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2
-(space)3.082 E F1(,)A F2(tab)3.082 E F1(,)A(and)108 283.2 Q F2(newline)
-3.626 E F1 1.126(at the be)3.626 F 1.126
-(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F 1.126(vious e)-.25 F
-1.126(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 3.627(ys)-.15 G(e-)-3.627 E
-.429(quence of)108 295.2 R F3(IFS)2.929 E F1 .428
-(characters not at the be)2.678 F .428(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .428
-(es to delimit w)-.15 F 2.928(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F1 .428
-(has a v)2.678 F .428(alue other than)-.25 F .581(the def)108 307.2 R
-.581(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)
-3.081 E F1(,)A F2(tab)3.081 E F1 3.081(,a)C(nd)-3.081 E F2(newline)3.081
-E F1 .582(are ignored at the be)3.081 F(gin-)-.15 E .008
-(ning and end of the w)108 319.2 R .007
-(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .007
-(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.507 E F1(\(an)2.257 E F3(IFS)2.507 E F1 .007
-(whitespace char)2.257 F(-)-.2 E 2.814(acter\). An)108 331.2 R 2.814(yc)
--.15 G .315(haracter in)-2.814 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315(that is not)
-2.565 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315(whitespace, along with an)2.565 F 2.815
-(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.815 E F3(IFS)2.815 E F1 .315
-(whitespace characters,)2.565 F(delimits a \214eld.)108 343.2 Q 2.5(As)5
-G(equence of)-2.5 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F1
-(whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter)2.25 E(.)-.55 E
-.162(If the v)108 360 R .161(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.661 E F1 .161
-(is null, no w)2.411 F .161(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 F(If)5.161 E F3
-(IFS)2.661 E F1 .161(is unset, w)2.411 F .161(ord splitting beha)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G 2.661(sa).15 G 2.661(si)-2.661 G 2.661(fi)-2.661 G 2.661
-(tc)-2.661 G(ontained)-2.661 E(the def)108 372 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue of)
--.25 E F2(<space><tab><newline>)2.5 E F1(.)A .782(Explicit null ar)108
-388.8 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F1(or)2.449 E F2 .833
-<0808>4.115 G F1 3.282(\)a)C .782
-(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783
-(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 400.8 R .179
-(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179
-(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15
-G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678
-(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 412.8 R .319
-(alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F
-.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001
-(to a command as an empty string.)108 424.8 R .001
-(When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E
-(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .592(is non-null, the null ar)108
-436.8 R .593(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.093(d. That).15 F
-.593(is, the w)3.093 F .593<6f72642099ad6408>-.1 F .593
-(\010\232 becomes \231\255d\232 after w).833 F .593(ord splitting and)
--.1 F(null ar)108 448.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E
-(Note that if no e)108 465.6 Q
-(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 482.4 S
-(thname Expansion).1 E F1 .371(After w)108 494.4 R .371
-(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F2<ad66>2.871 E F1 .371
-(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F1 .37(scans each w)2.87 F
-.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F1(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F1 2.87
-(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F1(.)A .633
-(If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108
-506.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F0
-(pattern)4.384 E F1 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \
-an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)
-108 518.4 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E
-F1(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534
-(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 530.4 R F2
-(nullglob)3.034 E F1 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534
-(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 542.4 Q F2(nullglob)
-3.285 E F1 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F
-.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F2
-(failglob)3.284 E F1 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\
-hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108
-554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F
-(option)108 566.4 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.264 E F1 .763
-(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .309
-(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 578.4 R .309(xpansion, the c\
-haracter \231.\232 at the start of a name or immediately fol-)-.15 F(lo)
-108 590.4 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E
-2.691(,u)-.65 G .191(nless the shell option)-2.691 F F2(dotglob)2.69 E
-F1 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F .528
-(names \231.\232 and \231..\232, the pattern must be)108 602.4 R .528
-(gin with \231.\232 \(for e)-.15 F .528(xample, \231.?\232\), e)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.028(ni).15 G(f)-3.028 E F2(dotglob)3.028 E F1 .528
-(is set.)3.028 F .528(If the)5.528 F F2(glob-)3.028 E(skipdots)108 614.4
-Q F1 .057
-(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232 ne)
-2.557 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.556(rm).15 G .056(atch, e)-2.556 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.556(ni).15 G 2.556(ft)-2.556 G .056(he pattern be)-2.556 F .056
-(gins with a \231.\232)-.15 F .627(When not matching pathnames, the \
-\231.\232 character is not treated specially)108 626.4 R 5.628(.W)-.65 G
-.628(hen matching a pathname, the)-5.628 F .045(slash character must al)
-108 638.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .045(ys be matched e).1 F .045
-(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .045
-(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .045(xts it)-.15 F .371
-(can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo)108
-650.4 R 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E F3 -.09(Pa)2.871 G(tter).09 E
-2.621(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.621 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .371
-(See the descrip-)4.871 F .978(tion of)108 662.4 R F2(shopt)3.478 E F1
-(belo)3.478 E 3.478(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.478 E F3 .978(SHELL B)3.478 F(UIL)
--.09 E .978(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1 .977(for a description of the)3.228
-F F2(nocaseglob)3.477 E F1(,)A F2(nullglob)3.477 E F1(,)A F2
-(globskipdots)108 674.4 Q F1(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E
-F2(dotglob)2.5 E F1(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 691.2 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)
-2.561 E F1 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061
-(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25
-F F0(pattern)3.812 E F1 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F3(GLO-)2.562 E
-(BIGNORE)108 703.2 Q F1 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\
-so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F1 1.096
-(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 715.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351
-(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob)
-2.851 E F1 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351
-(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F1
-2.165(is performed without re)4.415 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.164(rd to case.)
-.05 F 2.164(The \214lenames \231.\232 and \231..\232 are al)7.164 F -.1
-(wa)-.1 G 2.164(ys ignored when).1 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F1 .827
-(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.627
--.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F1 .827
-(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F
-.065(enabling the)108 96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dotglob)2.565 E F1 .065
-(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)2.565 F .065
-(ginning with a Q . will match.)-.15 F 1.665 -.8(To g)5.065 H .065
-(et the old be-).8 F(ha)108 108 Q .81(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)
--.2 F .81(ginning with a \231.\232, mak)-.15 F 3.31<6599>-.1 G 3.31
-(.*\232 one)-3.31 F .811(of the patterns in)3.311 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.311
-E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(The)5.311 E F3(dotglob)108 120 Q F1 .854
-(option is disabled when)3.354 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.354 E F1 .854
-(is unset.)3.104 F .853(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)
-5.854 F F3(extglob)108 132 Q F1(shell option.)2.5 E(The)108 148.8 Q F2
-(GLOBSOR)2.5 E(T)-.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable controls ho).25 E 2.5
-(wt)-.25 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E
-(xpansion are sorted, as described abo)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3
--.1(Pa)108 165.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F1(An)108
-182.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other \
-than the special pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65
-(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722(itself. The)108 194.4 R .221
-(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221
-(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221(wing character; the es-)-.25 F
-.418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 206.4 R .418
-(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya)
--.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 218.4 Q(.)-.65 E
-(The special pattern characters ha)108 235.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 252 Q F1 .377(Matches an)
-180 252 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877
-F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F1 .376
-(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 264 Q F3(*)3.275 E F1 .775
-(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)
--.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F1 3.275(su)C .775
-(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\
- or more directories and subdirectories.)180 276 R 1.058(If follo)6.058
-F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F1(,)A(tw)180 288 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G
-(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F1 2.5(sw)C
-(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 300 Q F1
-(Matches an)180 300 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
-([)144 312 Q F1 1.666(...)C F3(])-1.666 E F1 .578(Matches an)180 312 R
-3.078(yo)-.15 G .578(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)
-5.579 G .579(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E
-.685(denotes a)180 324 R F0 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)
--3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F1 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684
-(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G
-.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15
-G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212
-(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the)
-6.213 F .978(\214rst character follo)180 348 R .978(wing the)-.25 F F3
-([)3.478 E F1 .978(is a)3.478 F F3(!)3.478 E F1 .978(or a)5.978 F F3<00>
-3.478 E F1 .977(then an)3.478 F 3.477(yc)-.15 G .977
-(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.477 F 1.044
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 360 R 1.045
-(xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34
-(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 372 R 2.34
-(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.84 E(TE)-.855 E F1(or)4.59 E F2
-(LC_ALL)180 384 Q F1 1.078(shell v)3.328 F 1.078(ariables, if set.)-.25
-F 2.679 -.8(To o)6.079 H 1.079
-(btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .393
-(sions, where)180 396 R F3([a\255d])2.893 E F1 .393(is equi)2.893 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .393(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.893 E F1 2.893(,s)C .393(et v)
--2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F3(LC_ALL)2.892 E F1 .392(shell v)2.892
-F .392(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.892 E F1(,)A .899(or enable the)180 408
-R F3(globasciiranges)3.399 E F1 .899(shell option.)3.399 F(A)5.899 E F3
-<ad>3.399 E F1 .9(may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405
-(\214rst or last character in the set.)180 420 R(A)5.405 E F3(])2.905 E
-F1 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905 F
-(in the set.)180 432 Q -.4(Wi)180 448.8 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.07 E F1(and)
-3.07 E F3(])3.07 E F1(,)A F0 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)
--.15 F F1 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.071 E
-F0(class)A F3(:])A F1 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F0(class)3.071 E F1
-(is one of the follo)180 460.8 Q
-(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 5.889
-(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 477.6 R 5.889
-(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 489.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F
-F1 4.289(Ac)180 506.4 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289
-(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E
-F3 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F1(character)4.29 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 518.4 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.537 E F1(and)4.537 E F3(])4.537 E F1 4.537
-(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F0 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F1 2.036
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.536 E F0(c)A F3(=])
-A F1 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
- collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 547.2 R
-(the character)180 559.2 Q F0(c)2.5 E F1(.)A -.4(Wi)180 576 S(thin).4 E
-F3([)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)
-2.5 E F0(symbol)A F3(.])A F1(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F0
-(symbol)2.5 E F1(.)A .54(If the)108 592.8 R F3(extglob)3.04 E F1 .54
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F3(shopt)3.039 E F1 -.2(bu)
-3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539
-(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108
-604.8 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F0
-(pattern-list)2.538 E F1 .038
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 616.8 Q F3
-(|)2.5 E F1 5(.C)C
-(omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E
-(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 633.6 Q F0(pattern-list).833 E F3
-(\)).833 E F1(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 645.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(*\()144 657.6 Q F0
-(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F1
-(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(+\()144 681.6 Q F0(pattern-list).833 E F3
-(\)).833 E F1(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 693.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F3(@\()144 705.6 Q F0
-(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F1(Matches one of the gi)180 717.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!\()144 84 Q F0(pattern-list)
-.833 E F2(\)).833 E F1(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E
-(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E
-(The)108 112.8 Q F2(extglob)2.792 E F1 .292(option changes the beha)
-2.792 F .291(vior of the parser)-.2 F 2.791(,s)-.4 G .291
-(ince the parentheses are normally treated as opera-)-2.791 F .104
-(tors with syntactic meaning.)108 124.8 R 1.704 -.8(To e)5.104 H .105
-(nsure that e).8 F .105(xtended matching patterns are parsed correctly)
--.15 F 2.605(,m)-.65 G(ak)-2.605 E 2.605(es)-.1 G .105(ure that)-2.605 F
-F2(extglob)108 136.8 Q F1 1.355(is enabled before parsing constructs co\
-ntaining the patterns, including shell functions and com-)3.855 F
-(mand substitutions.)108 148.8 Q .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108
-165.6 R F2(dotglob)3.488 E F1 .988
-(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when)
-3.488 F F2(dotglob)108 177.6 Q F1 1.769
-(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)4.269 F
-1.768(ginning with \231.\232, b)-.15 F 1.768
-(ut \231.\232 and \231..\232 must be)-.2 F .298
-(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 189.6 R .298
-(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15
-F(y)-.15 E .704(\214lenames be)108 201.6 R .704
-(ginning with \231.\232 unless the pattern or sub-pattern be)-.15 F .704
-(gins with a \231.\232.)-.15 F .704(As abo)5.704 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204
-<2c99>.15 G .703(.\232 only has a)-3.204 F
-(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 213.6 Q .968
-(Complicated e)108 230.4 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968
-(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
-(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 242.4 R .091
-(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-)
--.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)
-108 254.4 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(Quote Remo)87 271.2 Q -.1(va)-.1 G
-(l).1 E F1 1.112(After the preceding e)108 283.2 R 1.112
-(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\)
-3.613 E F1(,)A F2<08>3.613 E F1 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F2(")4.446 E F1
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 295.2 Q .3
--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 312 Q F1 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
-(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F0 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
-(ected)-.37 E F1 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428
-(by the shell.)108 336 R F0(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F1(allo)2.928 E
-.428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made\
- to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 348 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change t\
-he \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
-(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
-(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 360 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
-.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108
-372 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F0 .862(simple command)3.702 F F1 .862
-(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F0(command).2 E F1 5.862(.R).77 G
-.862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 384 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\
-h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\
-stead be preceded by a w)108 400.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)
-108 412.8 R F0(varname)A F1 2.793(}. In)B .293
-(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 424.8
-S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179
-F F0(varname)3.179 E F1 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F0(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 436.8 Q
-F1 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F0(varname)3.1 E F1 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F0
-(varname)A F1 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 448.8 R .793
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794
-(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s)
--.55 E(lifetime manually)108 460.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F2 -.1(va)2.5 G
-(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F1(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior)
--.2 E(.)-.55 E .448(In the follo)108 477.6 R .447(wing descriptions, if\
- the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \
-the redirec-)-.25 F .365(tion operator is)108 489.6 R F2(<)2.865 E F1
-2.865(,t)C .366
-(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
--2.865 F .366(If the \214rst character of the)5.366 F
-(redirection operator is)108 501.6 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C
-(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 518.4 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 530.4 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 542.4 R
-.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
-.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 554.4 S(rd,).1 E F2
-(bash)2.5 E F1(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 571.2 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 588 Q F2(>)2.5 E
-F1(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 604.8
-Q F0(dirlist)2.85 E F1 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144
-621.6 Q F2(>&)A F1(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F1(dirlist)2.5 E .505
-(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 638.4 R F0(dirlist)3.355
-E F1 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505
-(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 650.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F0(dirlist)2.85 E F1(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 667.2 Q F1 .599(handles se)
-3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F
-3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)
--3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 679.2 R .977
-(the operating system on which)3.477 F F2(bash)3.478 E F1 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .978
-(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
-(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 691.2 Q
-(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F0
-(fd)A F1(If)180 96 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)
--.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E F2(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F1
-(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F2(/de)144 132 Q(v/stdout)
--.15 E F1(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F2(/de)144 156 Q
-(v/stderr)-.15 E F1(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 168 Q F2(/de)
-144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F0(host)A F2(/)A F0(port)A F1(If)180 192 Q F0
-(host)2.997 E F1 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F0(port)2.996 E F1 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 204 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1
-(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F2(/de)144
-216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F0(host)A F2(/)A F0(port)A F1(If)180 228 Q F0(host)
-2.996 E F1 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F0(port)2.997 E F1 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 240 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1
-(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
-256.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045
-(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F
-(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87
-302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F1 .391
-(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F1 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F0
-(n)2.86 E F1 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F0(n)2.86 E F1
-(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F0
-(n)A F1(])A F2(<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F1 .175
-(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 388.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F1 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8
-R F0(n)2.943 E F1 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F0(n)2.943 E F1
-.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 412.8 Q
-(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q
-F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F2(>)2.655 E F1 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F1 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F1 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .076(will f)108 475.2 R
-.076(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .076
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)2.576 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)2.576 G .076
-(ists and is a re).15 F .077(gular \214le.)-.15 F .077(If the redirec-)
-5.077 F .548(tion operator is)108 487.2 R F2(>|)3.048 E F1 3.048(,o)C
-3.048(rt)-3.048 G .548(he redirection operator is)-3.048 F F2(>)3.047 E
-F1 .547(and the)3.047 F F2(noclob)3.047 E(ber)-.1 E F1 .547
-(option to the)3.047 F F2(set)3.047 E F1 -.2(bu)3.047 G .547
-(iltin command is).2 F(not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87
-516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F1 .641
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F1 .642(to be)3.912 F .455
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F0(n)3.315 E F1
-2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F0(n)3.314 E F1
-.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108
-552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q
-F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>>)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 602.4 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F1 .248
-(This construct allo)108 614.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 643.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
-(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
-(&>)144 660 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(and)108 672 Q F2(>&)144 684 Q F0(wor)
-A(d)-.37 E F1(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
-(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 717.6 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5
-E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(31)193.45
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .115(When using the second form,)108 84 R F0(wor)
-2.614 E(d)-.37 E F1 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.614 E F1 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G
-2.614(td)-2.614 G .114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F
-(apply \(see)108 96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5
-E(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F1 .248
-(This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E
-(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
-153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1
-(This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
-(>>)144 204 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(\(see)108
-220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E
-F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F1 .211(This type of re\
-direction instructs the shell to read input from the current source unt\
-il it reads a line contain-)108 249.6 R .323(ing only)108 261.6 R F0
-(delimiter)3.173 E F1 .323(\(with no trailing blanks\).)3.553 F .323
-(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.323
-F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E
-F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F0(n)A F1(])
-A F2(<<)A F1([)A F2<ad>A F1(])A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F1 .302(No parameter and v)108
-348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
-(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E(is performed on)108 360
-Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E .052(If an)108 376.8 R 2.552(yp)-.15
-G .052(art of)-2.552 F F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 .052(is quoted, the)
-3.322 F F0(delimiter)2.902 E F1 .052(is the result of quote remo)3.282 F
--.25(va)-.15 G 2.552(lo).25 G(n)-2.552 E F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1
-2.553(,a).77 G .053(nd the lines in the here-)-2.553 F .028
-(document are not e)108 388.8 R 2.528(xpanded. If)-.15 F F0(wor)2.528 E
-(d)-.37 E F1 .028(is unquoted, the)2.528 F F0(delimiter)2.878 E F1(is)
-3.258 E F0(wor)2.528 E(d)-.37 E F1 .027
-(itself, all lines of the here-document)2.527 F 1.194
-(are subjected to parameter e)108 400.8 R 1.194
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195
-(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 412.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)
-2.5 E F1(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1
-(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1(,)A F2($)2.5
-E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F1(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 429.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F1 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 441.6 Q F0(delimiter)2.85 E F1 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 458.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F1
-2.5(Av)108 470.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
-144 487.2 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<<<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(The)108 504 Q F0
-(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F1(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 516 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
-1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 528 R .375(wline appended, \
-to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108
-540 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 556.8 Q F1(The redirection operator)108
-568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R(If)5.127 E
-F0(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
-(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-614.4 Q F0(n)3.317 E F1 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F0(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F1
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 626.4 R(If)5.15 E F0(wor)
-2.99 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F1
-2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149
-(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 638.4 Q
-(The operator)108 655.2 Q([)144 672 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F1 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 688.8 R
-(If)5.443 E F0(n)3.304 E F1 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 700.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F0(wor)3.406
-E(d)-.37 E F1 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \
-a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 712.8 R F0(wor)3.543
-E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.203 E F1
-3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F0(n)3.563 E F1 .703
-(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F0(n)3.204 E F1
-.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F0(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F1(does)3.204 E
-.966(not e)108 724.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad>
-3.466 E F1 3.466(,t)C .965
-(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
--3.466 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(pre)108 84 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 100.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F1
-(The redirection operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)
-A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 146.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G
-.517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F0(digit)3.017 E F1 .517
-(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F0(n)3.377 E F1 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)
--3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F0
-(n)3.018 E F1 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 158.4 Q F0(digit)5
-E F1(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(Similarly)108 175.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
-144 192 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 208.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F0
-(digit)2.768 E F1 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F0(n)3.128 E F1
-2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F0(n)2.767 E F1
-.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 220.8 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 237.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F1
-(The redirection operator)108 249.6 Q([)144 266.4 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<>)
-A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-283.2 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F1 .518
-(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F
-(scriptor)108 295.2 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5
-<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F0(n)2.86 E F1
-(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E
-(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 312 Q
-F0(Aliases)108 324 Q F1(allo)3.002 E 3.002(was)-.25 G .502
-(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.002 F .502
-(ord that is in a position in the input where it can be the \214rst)-.1
-F -.1(wo)108 336 S .555(rd of a simple command. Aliases ha).1 F .855
--.15(ve n)-.2 H .555(ames and corresponding v).15 F .556
-(alues that are set and unset using the)-.25 F F2(alias)108 348 Q F1
-(and)2.5 E F2(unalias)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands \(see).2 E/F4
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)
-2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.034(If the shell reads an unquoted w)108 364.8 R
-1.033(ord in the right position, it checks the w)-.1 F 1.033
-(ord to see if it matches an alias)-.1 F .657
-(name. If it matches, the shell replaces the w)108 376.8 R .657
-(ord with the alias v)-.1 F .657(alue, and reads that v)-.25 F .658
-(alue as if it had been)-.25 F 1.082(read instead of the w)108 388.8 R
-3.582(ord. The)-.1 F 1.082(shell doesn')3.582 F 3.582(tl)-.18 G 1.082
-(ook at an)-3.582 F 3.582(yc)-.15 G 1.082(haracters follo)-3.582 F 1.082
-(wing the w)-.25 F 1.081(ord before attempting)-.1 F
-(alias substitution.)108 400.8 Q .264(The characters)108 417.6 R F2(/)
-2.764 E F1(,)A F2($)2.764 E F1(,)A F2<92>2.764 E F1 2.764(,a)C(nd)-2.764
-E F2(=)2.764 E F1 .264(and an)2.764 F 2.764(yo)-.15 G 2.764(ft)-2.764 G
-.264(he shell)-2.764 F F0(metac)2.764 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
-F1 .264(or quoting characters listed abo)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
-.265(ay not).15 F .299(appear in an alias name.)108 429.6 R .298
-(The replacement te)5.298 F .298(xt may contain an)-.15 F 2.798(yv)-.15
-G .298(alid shell input, including shell metachar)-3.048 F(-)-.2 E 2.625
-(acters. The)108 441.6 R .125(\214rst w)2.625 F .125
-(ord of the replacement te)-.1 F .125(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F
-.125(ut a w)-.2 F .126(ord that is identical to an alias be-)-.1 F .666
-(ing e)108 453.6 R .666(xpanded is not e)-.15 F .666
-(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .666(This means that one may alias)5.666
-F F2(ls)3.166 E F1(to)3.166 E F2 .666(ls \255F)3.166 F F1 3.166(,f)C
-.666(or instance, and)-3.166 F F2(bash)108 465.6 Q F1
-(does not try to recursi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly e).15 E
-(xpand the replacement te)-.15 E(xt.)-.15 E .858
-(If the last character of the alias v)108 482.4 R .858(alue is a)-.25 F
-F0(blank)3.628 E F1 3.358(,t).67 G .858(hen the ne)-3.358 F .858
-(xt command w)-.15 F .858(ord follo)-.1 F .858(wing the alias is also)
--.25 F(check)108 494.4 Q(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
-(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 511.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F1
-(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
-(unalias)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E .742
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 528 R .741
-(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E
-.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 540 Q F4
-(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108
-556.8 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.783 E F1
-.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F1
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F1(under)2.5 E F4
-(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .436
-(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-585.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F1(al)2.935 E -.1
-(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67
-(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 597.6 R 3.17(eu)
--.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E
-1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 609.6 R 1.059
-(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
-.074(when it is e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15
-F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\
-and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 633.6 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G
-.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
-(The commands follo)5.337 F .337
-(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108
-645.6 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)
--3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)
--.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-)
--.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\
-unction is e)108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425
-(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.)
-108 669.6 R .403
-(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F
--.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
-108 681.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es)
--3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862
-(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2
-(alias)3.362 E F1 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 693.6 Q -.15
-(Fo)108 710.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 84 Q F1 3.467
-(As)108 96 S .967(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F
-1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .968
-(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 108 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell function \
-is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
-(mands associated with that function name is e)108 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
-(shell; no ne)108 132 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
-F .639(function is e)108 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
-.639
-(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 156 R
-/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.033 E F1 .532
-(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532(Special parameter)
-5.532 F F5(0)3.032 E F1 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F .532
-(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 168 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18
-E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G
-(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
-184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
-(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.215(these e)108 196.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG)
--.09 E F1(and)3.465 E F5(RETURN)3.715 E F1 1.215
-(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F5(trap)3.714 E F1 -.2(bu)
-3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 208.8 S(IL)
-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.728 E .479
-(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F5(trace)2.979 E F1(attrib)2.979 E
-.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 220.8 R F3(declar)
-2.92 E(e)-.162 E F1 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
--.25 F F5 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F1 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F5(set)2.92 E F1 -.2(bu)
-108 232.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F5
-(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)2.572 E F5(RETURN)2.572 E F1 .072
-(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F1 .072(trap is not inher)2.322
-F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 244.8 Q F5(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F1
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 261.6 S .368
-(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F5(local)
-2.868 E F1 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F F0 .368
-(local variables)B F1 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E(ily)108 273.6 Q 2.88
-(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38
-(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I)
--.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F5(local)2.88 E
-F1(,)A(the v)108 285.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \
-restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \
-it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 302.4 R .727
-(wing description, the)-.25 F F0(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F1
-.726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15
-F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F .965(of that function')
-108 314.4 R 3.465(sc)-.55 G .966(aller and so on, back to the \231globa\
-l\232 scope, where the shell is not e)-3.465 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .966
-(cuting an).15 F 3.466(ys)-.15 G(hell)-3.466 E 3.41
-(function. Consequently)108 326.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91(ocal v)-3.41 F
-.909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909
-(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F5(local)3.409 E F1(or)3.409 E F5
-(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 338.4 Q(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.)
-.15 E .587(Local v)108 355.2 R .587(ariables \231shado)-.25 F .587
-(w\232 v)-.25 F .587(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F
-.588(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.588 G 3.088(ri).15 G .588
-(nstance, a local)-3.088 F -.25(va)108 367.2 S .581
-(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58
-(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182
-(to the local v)108 379.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183
-(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183
-(When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E
-(is once ag)108 391.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 408
-R F0 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F1 .726(to control a v)3.227 F
-(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226
-F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 420 R
-.007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
-(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.)
-108 432 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
-(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813
-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 444 Q
-1.427 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .127
-(hether that caller is the global scope or another shell function.).65 F
-.127(This is also the v)5.127 F .127(alue that a local v)-.25 F(ari-)
--.25 E(able declaration shado)108 456 Q(ws, and the v)-.25 E
-(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
-472.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F0
-(var)2.724 E F1 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F0(func1)
-2.723 E F1 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F0(func1)2.723 E F1 .223
-(calls another function)2.723 F F0(func2)2.723 E F1(,)A .463
-(references to)108 484.8 R F0(var)2.963 E F1 .463(made from within)2.963
-F F0(func2)2.963 E F1 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot)
--2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(var)2.964 E F1(from)
-2.964 E F0(func1)2.964 E F1 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F
-(y)-.15 E(global v)108 496.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F0(var)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(The)108 513.6 Q F5(unset)2.983 E F1 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483
-(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482
-(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F5(unset)2.982 E F1 .19
-(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 525.6 R .19
-(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19
-(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
--5.19 E 3.325(av)108 537.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\
- unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\
-hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 549.6 R
-1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141
-(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E
-.977(scope will become visible.)108 561.6 R .976
-(If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976
-(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F
-(ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 573.6 R .008
-(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25
-(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F5(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F1 .008
-(shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 585.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The)
-108 602.4 Q F5(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F1 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
-(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
-(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
-614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .043(If the b)108 631.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F5 -.18(re)
-2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
-(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 643.2 R 1.012
-(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F5(RETURN)3.511 E F1 1.011
-(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 655.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213
-(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
-(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
-108 667.2 Q F5(#)2.5 E F1(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
-2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
--2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
-(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 684 R F5
-<ad66>3.858 E F1 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F5(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
-F1(or)3.858 E F5(typeset)3.858 E F1 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F
-3.39(mands. The)108 696 R F5<ad46>3.39 E F1 .89(option to)3.39 F F5
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-(will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F
-.047(\214le and line number)108 708 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G
-(he)-2.546 E F5(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .046
-(shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046
-(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492
-(processes \(those created when e)108 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492
-(cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492
-(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493
-(hem de\214ned with).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(the)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>3.201 E F1
-.701(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F1 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201
-(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F
-F2<ad66>3.2 E F1 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F1 -.2(bu)108 96
-S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F1 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
-(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323
-(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 124.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
-2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322
-(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 136.8 Q
-.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)
-72 153.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F1 1.088
-(The shell allo)108 165.6 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089
-(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089
-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.589 E F1
-(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)3.453 G
-.953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F1 .952
-(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F1
-3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 189.6 Q 1.057
-(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
-(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829
-(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 201.6 R(vity)-.25 E
-3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
-(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F
-(lo)108 213.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)
-5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F
-(of decreasing precedence.)108 225.6 Q F0(id)108 242.4 Q F2(++)A F0(id)
-2.5 E F2<adad>A F1 -.25(va)144 254.4 S
-(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 266.4 S
-F1(unary minus and plus)144 266.4 Q F2(++)108 278.4 Q F0(id)A F2<adad>
-2.5 E F0(id)A F1 -.25(va)144 290.4 S
-(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<2101>108 302.4 S F1
-(logical and bitwise ne)144 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108
-314.4 Q F1 -.15(ex)144 314.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 326.4 S
-F1(multiplication, di)144 326.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>
-108 338.4 S F1(addition, subtraction)144 338.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 350.4 Q F1
-(left and right bitwise shifts)144 350.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 362.4 Q F1
-(comparison)144 374.4 Q F2(== !=)108 386.4 Q F1(equality and inequality)
-144 386.4 Q F2(&)108 398.4 Q F1(bitwise AND)144 398.4 Q F2<00>108 410.4
-Q F1(bitwise e)144 410.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2
-(|)108 422.4 Q F1(bitwise OR)144 422.4 Q F2(&&)108 434.4 Q F1
-(logical AND)144 434.4 Q F2(||)108 446.4 Q F1(logical OR)144 446.4 Q F0
--.2(ex)108 458.4 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F0 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F0 -.2(ex)C
-(pr).2 E F1(conditional operator)144 470.4 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 482.4 S 2.5
-(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G
-(<= >>= &= \000= |=)-2.5 E F1(assignment)144 494.4 Q F0 -.2(ex)108 506.4
-S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1(comma)144 518.4 Q .68
-(Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68
-(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
-(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
-F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
-(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
--.25 F -.15(ex)108 559.2 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G
-.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F
-.42(ing the parameter e)108 571.2 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42
-(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F
-.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R .154
-(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he)
--2.654 E F0(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F1(attrib)2.654 E .153
-(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F1 .153
-(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 595.2 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357
-(null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25
-F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F
-.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F0(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F1
-(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 607.2 Q
-(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 624 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.018
-(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F<8c78>
--.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with)5.517
-F 3.282(al)108 636 S .782(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)
--3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G .783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283
-(xadecimal. Otherwise,)-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 648 R 3.316
-(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F0(base#)A F1 .815
-(]n, where the optional)B F0(base)3.315 E F1 .815
-(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 F .349
-(the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F0(n)2.849 E F1 .349
-(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F0(base#)2.85 E F1 .35
-(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying)
-108 672 Q F0(n)2.975 E F1 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit i\
-s required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 F
-.474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518
-(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f)
--5.518 E F0(base)3.018 E F1 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F
-.518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F
-(may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108
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-(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234
-(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234
-(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S
-(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
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-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F1 .255(Conditional e)108 96 R .255
-(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F1
-.255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3(test)2.755 E F1(and)2.755 E F3
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-(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E
-F3(test)2.633 E F1(and)2.633 E F3([)2.633 E F1 .133
-(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 120 Q .197
-(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198
-(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo)
--.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .235
-(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234
-(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.234 E F1 .234
-(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424
-(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F
-2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F
-F3(bash)2.925 E F1 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F
-.345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\
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-F0(\214le)2.844 E F1(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805
-(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 184.8 R F0(/de)3.305
-E(v/fd/n)-.15 E F1 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F0(n)
-3.306 E F1 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F0
-(\214le)3.306 E F1(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03
-(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 196.8 R F0(/de)2.53 E
-(v/stdin)-.15 E F1(,)A F0(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F1 2.529(,o)C(r)
--2.529 E F0(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F1 2.529<2c8c>C .029
-(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721
-(Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo)
-108 225.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar)
--3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 237.6
-Q .701(When used with)108 254.4 R F3([[)3.201 E F1 3.201(,o)C 3.201(rw)
--3.201 G .701(hen the shell is in)-3.201 F F0 .7(posix mode)3.201 F F1
-3.2(,t)C(he)-3.2 E F3(<)3.2 E F1(and)3.2 E F3(>)3.2 E F1 .7
-(operators sort le)3.2 F .7(xicographically using)-.15 F
-(the current locale.)108 266.4 Q(When the shell is not in)5 E F0
-(posix mode)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(test)2.5 E F1
-(command sorts using ASCII ordering.)2.5 E F3<ad61>108 283.2 Q F0
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-(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad62>108 295.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144
-295.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3<ad63>108 307.2 Q F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 307.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3<ad64>108
-319.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 319.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5
-E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3<ad65>108
-331.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 331.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5
-E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad66>108 343.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1
--.35(Tr)144 343.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3<ad67>108 355.2 Q F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 355.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3<ad68>108 367.2 Q F0(\214le)
-2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 367.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5
-G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad6b>108 379.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E
-F1 -.35(Tr)144 379.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and its \231stick).15 E(y\232 bit is set.)-.15 E F3<ad70>108 391.2
-Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 391.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3<ad72>108 403.2
-Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 403.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3<ad73>108 415.2 Q F0(\214le)
-2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 415.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5
-G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3<ad74>108 427.2 Q F0
-(fd)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 427.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F0(fd)
-4.47 E F1(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3<ad75>108 439.2 Q
-F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 439.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3<ad77>
-108 451.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3<ad78>108
-463.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5
-E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3
-<ad47>108 475.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 475.2 S(ue if).35 E F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E
-(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3<ad4c>108 487.2 Q F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad4e>108 499.2 Q F0
-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 499.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15
-(ex)2.5 G(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)
--.1 E F3<ad4f>108 511.2 Q F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 511.2 S(ue if)
-.35 E F0(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E
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-(\214le)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F0
-(\214le1)108 535.2 Q F3(\255ef)2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1 -.35(Tr)144
-547.2 S(ue if).35 E F0(\214le1)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(\214le2)2.5 E F1
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--.2 E(name)144 679.2 Q F1 .737(is an associati)3.238 F 1.037 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .737(rray v).15 F .737(ariable name subscripted by)-.25 F F0(@)
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--.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if the length of).35 E F0(string)2.84 E F1
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-.861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F1 .861
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-(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746
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-(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F0(string1)108 242.4 Q F2(<)2.5
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-(OP)144 312 Q F1 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F1(,)A F2
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--.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614
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-(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848
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-(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15
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-(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346
-(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 470.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 487.2 Q
-(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(4.)
-108 504 Q .716(The te)144 504 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F1
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-(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
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-(If no command name results, the v)108 544.8 R .586
-(ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F
-3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \
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-(are performed before redirections.)108 568.8 R .835(Otherwise, the v)
-5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835
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-(lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e)
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-(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 609.6 R
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-(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 621.6
-Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064
-(If there is a command name left after e)108 638.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e)
--.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F
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-(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 662.4 R .466
-(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466
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-(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F
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-(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809
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-3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F1
-.663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915
-(the full pathnames of e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915
-(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F1(under)4.415 E F2 1.915
-(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)4.164 E
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-(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969
-F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\
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-(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 184.8 Q F1 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005
-(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006
-(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256
-(and the original command')108 196.8 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G
-.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755
-(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F
-.263(tus of that subshell.)108 208.8 R .263(If that function is not de\
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-(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 220.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\
-ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)
-108 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197
-(named program in a separate e)108 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197
-(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198
-(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198
-(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 261.6 Q
-(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 278.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049
-(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048
-(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G
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-(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see)
--.15 F F4(hash)3.366 E F1(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 326.4 Q F2
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-(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be)
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-.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\
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-(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206
-(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267
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--.25 F(mand ar)108 391.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95
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-(The shell has an)108 420 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E
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-E<83>108 436.8 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144
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-(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4(exec)
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-144 465.6 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F1(,)A F4
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-E F1(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83>
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-(options enabled at in)144 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def)
-.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set)
-2.5 E F1<83>108 578.4 Q(options enabled by)144 578.4 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F1
-<83>108 595.2 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 595.2 Q F4(alias)2.5 E
-F1<83>108 612 Q -.25(va)144 612 S
-(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E
-(alue of)-.25 E F4($$)2.5 E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E
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-1.056
-(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-)
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-<83>108 100.8 Q .856(shell v)144 100.8 R .857
-(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857
-(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857
-(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 112.8 Q(vironment)
--.4 E<83>108 129.6 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)
-144 129.6 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G
-.306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144
-141.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 158.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
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-(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 175.2 Q F0(subshell)2.5 E F1(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5
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-108 204 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245
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--.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .358
-(reset to the v)108 216 R .358
-(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
-G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 228 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356
-(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-)
--.4 E(ment cannot af)108 240 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15
-(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .605(When the shell is in)
-108 256.8 R F0 .605(posix mode)3.105 F F1 3.105(,s)C .605(ubshells spa)
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-(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F .605(alue of)-.25 F(the)
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-(option from their parent shell.)2.695 F .194(When not in)5.194 F F0
-.194(posix mode)2.694 F F1(,)A F2(bash)2.694 E F1 .194(clears the)2.694
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-(See the description of the)108 280.8 R F2(inherit_err)3.113 E(exit)-.18
-E F1 .613(shell option belo)3.113 F 3.114(wf)-.25 G .614(or ho)-3.114 F
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-(vior when not in)-.2 F(posix mode.)108 292.8 Q .405
-(If a command is follo)108 309.6 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.905 E F1
-.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G
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-(is the empty \214le)108 321.6 R F0(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F1 5.197
-(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc)
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 350.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F1 2.344
-(When a program is in)108 362.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G
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-(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F0(name)2.86 E F1(=)A F0(value)A F1(.).18 E
-.438(The shell pro)108 391.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
-(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4
-F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439
-(wn en-)-.25 F 2.033(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fo\
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-E F1 2.033(to child)5.213 F 2.873(processes. Ex)108 415.2 R .374
-(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.874(vironment. The)-.4 F F2
-(export)2.874 E F1(and)2.874 E F2(declar)2.874 E 2.874<65ad>-.18 G(x)
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-R 2.835(vironment. If)-.4 F .335(the v)2.835 F .334
-(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 439.2 Q .64
-(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64
-(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.)
--.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 451.2
-R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58
-(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58
-(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F
-.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 463.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3
-(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801
-E F2(unset)2.801 E F1 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301
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-F F1 .562
-(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F
-.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 504 R .502 -.15(ve i)
--.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F
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--.4 E .81(If the)108 532.8 R F2<ad6b>3.31 E F1 .81
-(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F2(set)3.31 E F1 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81
-(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F0(all)3.64 E F1 .81
-(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 544.8 Q
-(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.)
--.4 E(When)108 561.6 Q F2(bash)3.585 E F1(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v)
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-(EXIT ST)72 590.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F1 .151(The e)108 602.4 R
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-(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F0
-(waitpid)2.65 E F1 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15
-(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 614.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F
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-(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108
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-(Fo)108 655.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G
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-.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873
-(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 667.2 R 2.549(An)
-5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549
-(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f)
--2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 679.2 Q F0(N)2.5 E F1(,)A F2(bash)
-2.5 E F1(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F0(N)A F1(as the e)2.5 E
-(xit status.)-.15 E .404
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--.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405
-(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 708 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 724.8
-Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E
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-(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468
-(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25
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--.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Bash)108 141.6 Q F1 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202
-(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201
-(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 153.6
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-(\(so that)2.252 F F2 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F1 .002(does not kill an in-)
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-2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If job control is in ef)
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-E F1(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v)
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-(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F1(and)
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-(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 247.2 R .653
-(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 259.2 Q F4
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-(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F1 2.046(The shell e)108 276 R 2.046(xits by def)
--.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F1
-2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15
-(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 288 Q F1 1.004
-(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent)
-6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F1 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)
--.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 300 Q
-F5(.)A F1 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \
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--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356
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-E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F1(.)A .166(If the)108 340.8 R F2
-(huponexit)2.666 E F1 .166(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2
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-F1 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1
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-(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F .663
-(will not be e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663
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-F1 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326
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-(turn immediately with an e)108 405.6 Q
-(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and)
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-(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81
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-(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F2(bash)3.228 E F1 .728
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--.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E
-F3(JOB CONTR)72 621.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F0 -.25(Jo)108 633.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G
-(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F1 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F0(suspend)A F1 3.368(\)t)C .868
-(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \()
-.15 F F0 -.37(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 645.6 Q F1 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)
--2.665 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)
-5.165 G .165(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164
-(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164
-(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 657.6 Q
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15
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-.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 686.4 R F2
-(jobs)2.825 E F1 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F2(bash)2.825 E F1 .325
-(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F0(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E
-(ound)-.45 E F1 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 698.4
-Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
-144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .241(indicating that this job is job number 1 and \
-that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated)108
-84 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 96 R .732
-(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.733 F(.)-.4 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.732 E F1(uses)3.232 E(the)
-108 108 Q F0(job)4.24 E F1(abstraction as the basis for job control.)
-2.73 E 1.981 -.8(To f)108 124.8 T .382
-(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F .382
-(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F 1.538
-(tion of a)108 136.8 R F0(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F
-1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F1 6.537(.M)C 1.537
-(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023
-(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-148.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E
-(INT)108 160.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.215
-(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F0(for)5.685 E -.4(eg)
--.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F1(.).77 E F0(Bac)6.795 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)
--.45 E F1 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145
-(group ID dif)108 172.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
-(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146
-(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .421
-(ground processes are allo)108 184.8 R .421(wed to read from or)-.25 F
-2.921(,i)-.4 G 2.921(ft)-2.921 G .421
-(he user so speci\214es with \231stty tostop\232, write to the termi-)
--2.921 F 2.588(nal. Background)108 196.8 R .089(processes which attempt\
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-(fect\) the terminal are)-.25 F 1.899(sent a)108 208.8 R F3 1.899
-(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.399 F(OU\))-.162 E F1 1.899(signal by the k)4.149 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 4.399(st)-.55 G 1.899(erminal dri)-4.399 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.699 -.4(r, w).15 H 1.898(hich, unless caught, suspends the).4 F
-(process.)108 220.8 Q 1.087(If the operating system on which)108 237.6 R
-F2(bash)3.587 E F1 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2
-(bash)3.588 E F1 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1
-F -.8(Ty)108 249.6 S .147(ping the).8 F F0(suspend)2.987 E F1 .147
-(character \(typically)3.417 F F2<005a>2.646 E F1 2.646(,C)C .146
-(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.646
-F 1.951(stopped and returns control to)108 261.6 R F2(bash)4.451 E F1
-6.951(.T)C 1.952(yping the)-7.751 F F0 1.952(delayed suspend)4.802 F F1
-1.952(character \(typically)5.222 F F2<0059>4.452 E F1 4.452(,C)C
-(ontrol-Y\))-4.452 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
-mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108
-273.6 R(to)108 285.6 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F1 5.892(.T)C .892
-(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
-F2(bg)3.392 E F1 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .046
-(background, the)108 297.6 R F2(fg)2.546 E F1 .046
-(command to continue it in the fore)2.546 F .046(ground, or the)-.15 F
-F2(kill)2.546 E F1 .046(command to kill it.)2.546 F(A)5.046 E F2<005a>
-2.546 E F1(tak)2.546 E .046(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108
-309.6 R 3.918(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F
-1.418(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F
-(carded.)108 321.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 338.4 R .777
-(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2
-(%)3.277 E F1 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 350.4
-Q F0(jobspec)A F1 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F0(n)3.817 E F1 .957
-(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F1 5.957(.A)C .957
-(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
-ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)
-108 362.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E
-F1 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108
-374.4 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F2(ce)2.885 E F1 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap)
--5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885
-E F1 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 386.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing)
--5.194 E F2(%?ce)2.694 E F1 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194
-(he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194
-(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F1 .194
-(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306
-(substring matches more than one job,)108 398.4 R F2(bash)2.806 E F1
-.306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F
-F2(%%)2.806 E F1(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F1 .307(refer to the shell')
-2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 410.4 R F0(curr)2.833 E .133
-(ent job)-.37 F F1 2.633(,w).23 G .133
-(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore)
--.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108
-422.4 R F0(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F1 .075
-(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F1 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft)
--5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F1(and)
-2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F1 .076(can both)2.576 F .317
-(be used to refer to that job)108 434.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317
-G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2
-(jobs)2.817 E F1 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108
-446.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F1 2.533
-(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.533
-E F1 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033
-(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108
-458.4 Q(.)-.4 E .686
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 475.2 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)3.186 E F1 .686(is a synon)3.186 F .686
-(ym for \231fg %1\232, bringing)-.15 F .068
-(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 487.2 R 2.568
-(ground. Similarly)-.15 F 2.568<2c99>-.65 G .068
-(%1 &\232 resumes job 1 in the background, equi)-2.568 F(v-)-.25 E
-(alent to \231bg %1\232.)108 499.2 Q .131
-(The shell learns immediately whene)108 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj)
-.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)
-2.631 E F1 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 528 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
-.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F2<ad62>2.658 E F1 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 540 Q F2(set)2.648 E F1 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F1 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F1 .147(is e)2.397 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 552 Q(xits.)-.15
-E .032(If an attempt to e)108 568.8 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F1 .032
-(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)
--2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F1 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 580.8 R F2
-(shopt)3.503 E F1 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003
-(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002
-(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F1 1.002
-(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
-108 592.8 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F1 .955
-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a)
-5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 604.8 R .604
-(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
-(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 616.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E
-.644(When the shell is w)108 633.6 R .644
-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1
-(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 645.6 R F2
-<ad66>2.782 E F1 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F1 .282
-(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F
-(fore returning.)108 657.6 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 674.4 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F1 .644(When e)108 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E
-F1 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F1 .645
-(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 698.4 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F1 .427
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E
-F1(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F1(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 710.4 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F1(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E
-F1 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 722.4 R F2<ad78>
-3.622 E F1 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F1(allo)
-3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
--.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(number of backslash-escaped special characters tha\
-t are decoded as follo)108 84 Q(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144
-96 Q F1(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 96 Q F2(\\d)144 108 Q F1
-(the date in \231W)180 108 Q(eekday Month Date\232 format \(e.g., \231T)
--.8 E(ue May 26\232\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 120 Q F0(format)A F2(})A F1
-(the)180 132 Q F0(format)3.892 E F1 1.392(is passed to)3.892 F F0
-(strftime)4.232 E F1 1.392
-(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an).18 F
-(empty)180 144 Q F0(format)2.5 E F1
-(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 156 Q F1
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 156 Q F2(\\h)144 168 Q F1
-(the hostname up to the \214rst \231.)180 168 Q<9a>-.7 E F2(\\H)144 180
-Q F1(the hostname)180 180 Q F2(\\j)144 192 Q F1
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 192 Q F2(\\l)144
-204 Q F1(the basename of the shell')180 204 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 216 Q F1(ne)180 216 Q(wline)-.25 E F2
-(\\r)144 228 Q F1(carriage return)180 228 Q F2(\\s)144 240 Q F1
-(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 240 Q F2($0)2.5 E F1
-(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144
-252 Q F1(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 252 Q F2(\\T)
-144 264 Q F1(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 264 Q F2
-(\\@)144 276 Q F1(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 276 Q F2
-(\\A)144 288 Q F1(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 288 Q F2
-(\\u)144 300 Q F1(the username of the current user)180 300 Q F2(\\v)144
-312 Q F1(the v)180 312 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V)144 324 Q F1(the release of)180 324 Q F2
-(bash)2.5 E F1 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 336 Q F1 .12(the v)180 336 R
-.119(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PWD)2.619 E F1 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119
-(ariable \()-.25 F F2($PWD)A F1 .119(\), with)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-($HOME)2.619 E F1(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F
-(the v)180 348 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F3(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)
--.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 360 Q F1
-(the basename of)180 360 Q F2($PWD)2.5 E F1 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F3
-($HOME)2.5 E F1(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F2(\\!)144 372 Q
-F1(the history number of this command)180 372 Q F2(\\#)144 384 Q F1
-(the command number of this command)180 384 Q F2(\\$)144 396 Q F1
-(if the ef)180 396 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E
-F2(#)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 408 Q F0(nnn)
-A F1(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 408 Q F0(nnn)
-2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 420 Q F1 2.5(ab)180 420 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[)144
-432 Q F1(be)180 432 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, \
-which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 444 Q F2(\\])144 456 Q F1
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 456 Q .12
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 472.8 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\
-n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 484.8 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F1
-(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 496.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
-osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
-(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 508.8 R .822
-(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822
-(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,)
--.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 520.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
-F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F
-F2(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F1 .682(shell option \(see the de-)
-3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 532.8 R F2(shopt)3.697 E F1 1.197
-(command under)3.697 F F3 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198
-(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)
-108 544.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
-command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108
-556.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-72 573.6 Q F1 .15
-(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 585.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F2
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F1(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 597.6 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385
-(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F2<ad65>2.884 E F1 .384
-(option to the)2.884 F F2 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.884 G
-2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 609.6 S 1.406
-(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F
-3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 621.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
-(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
--3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F1(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F1
-.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F1 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 633.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F1(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
--3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 645.6 Q F1(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F1(options to the)2.5 E F2
-(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 662.4 Q
-F1 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 674.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
-2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1(,)A
-1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 686.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
--.65 E F0(meta)4.032 E F1 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
--.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 698.4 S .831
-(yboards without a)-.05 F F0(meta)3.711 E F1 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
-(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F0(x)A F1 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F0(x)3.331 E F1
-3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83
-(hen the).15 F F0(x)4.1 E F1 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
-(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 710.4 R F0 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F0
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-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 722.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
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-3.096(,w).27 G .596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F
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-.619(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619
-(ssing a ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
-.15 G .619(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 108
-R 1.018(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)
-3.518 E F1 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518
-F 1.018(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 120 Q
-(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 136.8 R F0
-(killing)3.311 E F1(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
-(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F0
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 148.8 Q F1 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F0
-.029(kill ring)B F1 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
-.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 160.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
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-201.6 R F0(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F1 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .431(is tak)108 213.6 R .431(en from the v)
--.1 F .432(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.932 E F1
--.25(va)2.682 G 2.932(riable. If).25 F .432(that v)2.932 F .432
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .432(ault is)-.1 F F0(\001/.inputr)
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-(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F1 5.561(.W).31 G .561
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-(ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175
-(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 249.6 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239
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-(ning with a)108 261.6 R F2(#)3.053 E F1 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554
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-(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)
--.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 434.4 Q F0(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F1(\).)A F2
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--.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.)
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-(xt \231Function K)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H<9a2e>.15 E
-(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 100.8 Q F2
-<5c43ad>144 112.8 Q F1(control pre\214x)180 112.8 Q F2<5c4dad>144 124.8
-Q F1(meta pre\214x)180 124.8 Q F2(\\e)144 136.8 Q F1
-(an escape character)180 136.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 148.8 Q F1(backslash)180
-148.8 Q F2(\\")144 160.8 Q F1(literal ")180 160.8 Q F2<5c08>144 172.8 Q
-F1(literal \010)180 172.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\
-equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 189.6 Q -.25(va)-.2
-G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 201.6 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 201.6 Q F2(\\b)
-144 213.6 Q F1(backspace)180 213.6 Q F2(\\d)144 225.6 Q F1(delete)180
-225.6 Q F2(\\f)144 237.6 Q F1(form feed)180 237.6 Q F2(\\n)144 249.6 Q
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-261.6 Q F2(\\t)144 273.6 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 273.6 Q F2(\\v)144
-285.6 Q F1 -.15(ve)180 285.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 297.6 Q F0
-(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 297.6 Q
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 309.6 Q F0(HH)A F1
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 309.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
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-(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body)
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 350.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F
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-(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F1
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-(variable\255name value)2.5 E F1(or using the)108 460.8 Q F2(bind)2.5 E
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-(Except where noted, readline v)108 477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
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-(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .508(When readline reads a v)5.508 F
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-(alues, \231on\232 \(case-)-.25 F(insensiti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-F2(On)3.094 E F1 5.594(.A)C .594(ll other v)-5.594 F .593
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-(tring v)-2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229
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-(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 554.4 Q 1.527
-(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F2(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve)
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-(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 566.4 Q .283
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-(hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45
-(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 578.4 R .45
-(xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95
-(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378
-(the def)144 590.4 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379
-(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379
-(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655
-(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 602.4 R
-3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654
-(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be \231\\e[01;33m\232.)144 614.4 Q
-F2(acti)108 626.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E
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-(ariable that \231undoes\232 the ef)-.25 F 1.277(fects of)-.25 F F2
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-(xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716
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--2.716 E(an)144 662.4 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237
-(sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F
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-(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 710.4 Q(alue might be \231\\e[0m\232.)-.25 E
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-84 Q F1 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 96 R .011
-(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none)
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-.94(rings the bell.)144 108 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F1
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-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 120 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
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-(If set to)144 144 R F2(On)2.678 E F1 .178(\(the def)2.678 F .178
-(ault\), readline attempts to bind the control)-.1 F .178
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-(va)-.25 G 3.695(lents. These).25 F -.15(ove)3.695 G 1.195
-(rride the def).15 F 1.195(ault readline)-.1 F .162
-(bindings described here.)144 168 R -.8(Ty)5.162 G .162
-(pe \231stty \255a\232 at a).8 F F2(bash)2.662 E F1 .163
-(prompt to see your current terminal settings, in-)2.663 F
-(cluding the special control characters \(usually)144 180 Q F2(cchars)
-2.5 E F1(\).)A F2(blink\255matching\255par)108 192 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E
-F1 .21(If set to)144 204 R F2(On)2.71 E F1 2.71(,r)C .21
-(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
-(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
-(parenthesis is inserted.)144 216 Q F2(color)108 228 Q
-(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .515(If set to)
-144 240 R F2(On)3.015 E F1 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\
-dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936
-(completions using a dif)144 252 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)
--.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F2(LS_COLORS)144 264 Q F1
-(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
-(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F2($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F1 .577
-(for the cus-)3.077 F .07(tom suf)144 276 R .069(\214x \231readline-col\
-ored-completion-pre\214x\232, readline uses this color for the common p\
-re\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(color)108
-300 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.579(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)
-4.079 E F1 4.079(,r)C 1.579
-(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58
-(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 324 R
-(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25
-E F2(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F1(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(comment\255begin \()108 336 Q F1<99>A F2(#)A F1<9a>A F2(\))A F1 .885
-(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 348 R F2
-(insert\255comment)3.385 E F1 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 360 Q F2
-(M\255#)2.5 E F1(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F1
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
-108 372 Q F1 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
-e matches when performing completion.)144 384 R .194(The v)144 396 R
-.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
-screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F
-(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 408 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 420 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F1(If set to)144 432 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,r)C
-(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
-siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 444 Q F1 .093(If set to)144 456 R
-F2(On)2.593 E F1 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F2(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
-(e\255case)-.18 E F1 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
-(yphens \()-.05 F F0<ad>A F1 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 F
-(\()144 468 Q F0(_)A F1 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25
-G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H
-(lename matching and completion.).15 E F2(completion\255pr)108 480 Q
-(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F1 .829(The length in charact\
-ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\
-splayed)144 492 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 504 R 1.274
-(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)
--.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 516 S(lue are repla\
-ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F2
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 528 Q F1 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 540 R .529
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 552 R F2(possible\255completions)3.06 E F1 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
-.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 564 R
-.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 576 S .367
-(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F
-2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368
-(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 588 R 3.173(Az)
-5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
-E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 600 Q
-F2(con)108 612 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F1 .612(If set to)
-144 624 R F2(On)3.112 E F1 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k)
-.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
-(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 636 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F0 .541(meta pr)3.041 F
-(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 648 Q F1 3.75(\). The)B(def)3.75 E 1.25(ault is)-.1
-F F0(On)3.75 E F1 3.75(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to)-3.95 F F0
-(Of)3.751 E(f)-.18 E F1 1.251
-(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)3.751 F 1.142(This v)144
-660 R 1.142(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F1
-1.141(locale cate)3.641 F(gory)-.15 E 3.641(,a)-.65 G 1.141
-(nd may change if the locale is)-3.641 F(changed.)144 672 Q F2
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 684 Q F1 .038(If set to)144 696 R F2
-(On)2.538 E F1 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
-(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
-(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 708 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F2(self-insert)2.5 E F1
-(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(echo\255contr)108 84 Q
-(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F1 1.211(When set to)144 96 R F2(On)
-3.711 E F1 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211
-(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
-(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F2(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 120 Q F1 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 132 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F0(Emacs)2.642 E F1
-(or)2.642 E F0(vi)2.642 E F1(.)A F2(editing\255mode)5.142 E F1
-(can be set to either)144 144 Q F2(emacs)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F2(vi)2.5 E
-F1(.)A F2(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 156 Q F1 .518(If the)144 168
-R F0(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 -.25(va)3.018 G
-.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
-.25 F .622
-(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 180
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F
-.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 192 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G
-.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F
-.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 204 S 2.798
-(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
-(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
-(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 216 Q F2(enable\255acti)108 228 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
-(egion \(On\))-.18 E F1(The)144 240 Q F0(point)3.246 E F1 .746
-(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F0(mark)3.246 E F1 .746
-(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746
-(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344
-(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 252 R F0 -.37(re)
-2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F1 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(On)2.845 E F1 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-)
--2.845 F(lo)144 264 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25
-F .098(gion as)-.15 F F0(active)2.598 E F1 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re)
--5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098
-(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 276 R .97(xt in the re)
--.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F2(acti)
-3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1 3.471
-(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485
-(the string that enables the terminal')144 288 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485
-(tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15
-(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by)
--.15 F(brack)144 300 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te)
--2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.)
--.15 E F2(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F1 .84
-(When set to)144 324 R F2(On)3.34 E F1 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\
-res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2
-E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\
-ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 336 R -.15
-(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 348 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158
-(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 360 Q(xt.)-.15 E F2
-(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F1 .893(When set to)144 384 R
-F2(On)3.393 E F1 3.393(,r)C .893
-(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F2(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F1 .64
-(When set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.14 E F1 3.14(,r)C .64
-(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
-(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q
-(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
-2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F2
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F1(If set to)144 456 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1
-2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F2(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F1 .553(If set to)144 480 R F2(On)3.052
-E F1 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\
-e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E
-F1(or)2.5 E F2(next-history)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(history\255size \(unset\))
-108 504 Q F1 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R
--.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)
--3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599
-E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G
-.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482
-(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F
-.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F2(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F1 .911(shell v)3.411
-F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F0
-(history\255size)3.41 E F1 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E
-(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F2
-(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .448
-(When set to)144 588 R F2(On)2.948 E F1 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
-(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
- when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 612 R
-(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F2
-(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 Q F1 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F2(On)
-3.561 E F1 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
-is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336
-(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
-(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name)
-5.335 F F2(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F1(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 660 S(ynon)
--2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
-.364(ault is)-.1 F F0(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F1 2.864(,b)C .364
-(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F0(On)2.864 E F1 .365
-(if the locale contains)2.865 F 1.867(eight-bit characters.)144 672 R
-1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2
-(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F1 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65
-G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 684 Q F2
-(isear)108 696 Q(ch\255terminators \()-.18 E F1<99>A F2(C\255[C\255J)A
-F1<9a>A F2(\))A F1 .439(The string of characters that should terminate \
-an incremental search without subsequently e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cut-).15 E .935(ing the character as a command.)144 720 R .935
-(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.434(nav).15 G .934(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F0(ESC)3.434 E F1
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(and)144 84 Q F0(C\255J)2.5 E F1
-(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1
-(ke)108 96 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F1 2.02(Set the current readline k)144
-108 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F0 2.021
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042
-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 120 R F1 2.542(,a)C
-(nd)-2.542 E F0(vi\255insert)2.832 E F1(.).68 E F0(vi)5.042 E F1 .042
-(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F0(vi\255command)
-2.541 E F1(;)A F0(emacs)2.541 E F1 .448(is equi)144 132 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-.448(lent to).25 F F0(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.448(.T)C
-.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F0(emacs)
-3.139 E F1 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F2
-(editing\255mode)2.949 E F1 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 144
-Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 156 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F1 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 168 R
-F0 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F1 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 180 R .824
--.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E
-3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G
-.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 192 R
-1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei)
-3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F
-F0 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F1(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b)
-144 204 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407
-(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907
-(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F
-.05(1000 means that)144 216 R F0 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F1 .05
-(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05
-(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
-(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 228 R(alue,)-.25
-E F0 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F1 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.552 E(to decide which k)144 240 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-(equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 252 Q(ectories \(On\))
--.18 E F1(If set to)144 264 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,c)C
-(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
-.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 276 Q F1(If set to)144
-288 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2
-(*)A F1(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 300 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .175(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)2.675 E F1
-2.675(,c)C .175
-(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 324
-Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F1(\).)A F2
-(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 336 Q F1 .012(This v)144 348 R
-.013(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.513 E F1 2.513(,f)C .013
-(orces readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.513 F .013
-(gin with a \231.)-.15 F 5.013<9a28>-.7 G(hidden)-5.013 E .127
-(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 360 R .127
-(If set to)5.127 F F2(Off)2.627 E F1 2.627(,t)C .127
-(he user must include the leading \231.)-2.627 F 5.126<9a69>-.7 G(n)
--5.126 E(the \214lename to be completed.)144 372 Q F2
-(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1
-1.585(If set to)144 396 R F2(On)4.085 E F1 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
-ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 408 Q
-(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 420 Q F1
-.507(If set to)144 432 R F2(On)3.007 E F1 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
-display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\
-ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 444 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
-(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F0(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F1 3.384(,b)C
-.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F0(On)3.384 E F1 .885
-(if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.867(eight-bit characters.)144 456 R
-1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2
-(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F1 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65
-G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 468 Q F2
-(page\255completions \(On\))108 480 Q F1 .808(If set to)144 492 R F2(On)
-3.308 E F1 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F0(mor)
-3.308 E(e)-.37 E F1(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
-(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
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-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 516 Q F1 .228
-(If set to)144 528 R F2(On)2.727 E F1 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
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--2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 540 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
-(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 552 T
-(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F1 .698(If set to)144 564 R
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-(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F1(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 576 S
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-E F1 .289(If set to)144 612 R F2(On)2.789 E F1 2.789(,r)C .289(eadline \
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-(sho)108 636 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F1 .304
-(This alters the def)144 648 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
-(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On)
-2.804 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
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-(sho)108 684 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F1 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 696 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
-(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F2(sho)144 708 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F1 6.69(.I)C
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-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 720 R 3.54
-(yp)-.15 G 1.039
-(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F
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-(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.021(If set to)144
-108 R F2(On)3.521 E F1 3.521(,a)C 1.022(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F
-1.022(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15
-F(command, or vi insertion.)144 120 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E
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-F2(On)2.595 E F1 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095
-(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094
-(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 156 Q
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-(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1
-F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \
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-(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 192 Q F1 .517(If the)144
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-.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)
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-(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 228 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F
-2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33
-(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 240 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
-.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
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-252 Q F2(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 264 Q F1 .517
-(If the)144 276 R F0(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F1
--.25(va)3.017 G .518
-(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
-F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144
-288 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v)
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-3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924
-(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 312 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
-.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\
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-(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
-(when listing possible completions.)144 360 Q F2
-(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 376.8 Q F1 .05
-(Readline implements a f)108 388.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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-(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
-(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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-(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065
-(mode. This)180 482.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F
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-(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 535.2 R
-.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
-(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 547.2 Q F2(=)3.231
-E F1 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
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-(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F1 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271
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-(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 612 Q F2(=)3.064 E
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-(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318
-(of the operator consists of a major v)180 624 R .318(ersion number)-.15
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-(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 648 R F2
--.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F1 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06
-(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 660 Q F0
-(application)144.33 676.8 Q F1(The)180 688.8 Q F0(application)3.226 E F1
-.726(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.226
-F .726(Each program)5.726 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
-700.8 R F0 .114(application name)2.614 F F1 2.614(,a)C .114
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--.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180
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-(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\
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-(the v)180 201.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25
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-(tested. Boolean v)180 213.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E
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-(command.)2.5 E F2($else)108 247.2 Q F1(Commands in this branch of the)
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--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 264
-Q F1 .357(This directi)144 276 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357
-(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356
-(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F)
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--.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F0(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1(:)A F2
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-(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F
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-(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
-.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112
-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 374.4 R .112
-(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
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-(incremental search requires only as man)108 386.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G
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-(acters present in the v)108 398.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)
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-(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66
-(If that v)108 410.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
-(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
-F .096(mental search.)108 422.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
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-(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
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-(search backw)108 463.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674
-(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675
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-H .174
-(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
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-(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108
-499.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108
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-(emembered search string.)-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the\
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-(Readline Command Names)87 573.6 Q F1 1.392(The follo)108 585.6 R 1.391
-(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
-(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
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-E F1 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F0(mark)
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-(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F0 -.37(re)
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-(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F
-(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 168 Q F2(shell\255f)108 180 Q
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--.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F
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-F2(pr)108 252 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F1
-.89(Attempt to mo)144 264 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89
-(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F
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-(This will not ha)144 276 R 1.356 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.056(he desired ef)
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-(eu)-.1 G 3.555(pm)-3.555 G 1.055(ore than one)-3.555 F(ph)144 288 Q(ys\
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-(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.694(eu)-.1 G
-2.694(pm)-2.694 G .194(ore than one ph)-2.694 F(ysical)-.05 E .164(line\
- or if the length of the current readline line is not greater than the \
-length of the prompt plus the)144 336 R(screen width.)144 348 Q F2
-(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 360 Q F1 1.499
-(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 372 R 3.999(ss)
--.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G
-1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F
-(lea)144 384 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F2
-(clear\255scr)108 396 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F1 1.36
-(Clear the screen, then redra)144 408 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36
-(he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36
-(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S
-(th an ar).4 E
-(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F2
--.18(re)108 432 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F1
-(Refresh the current line.)144 444 Q F2(Commands f)87 460.8 Q
-(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108
-472.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F1 .159(Accept the line re)144 484.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158
-(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158
-(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the)
-144 496.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F1 -.25(va)
-2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699
-(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F
-(restore the history line to its original state.)144 508.8 Q F2(pr)108
-520.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F1
-(Fetch the pre)144 532.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
-E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 544.8
-Q F1(Fetch the ne)144 556.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
-E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F2
-(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 568.8 Q F1(Mo)144 580.8 Q .3
--.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)
--.65 E F2(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 592.8 Q F1(Mo)144 604.8 Q
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5
-(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F2
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 616.8 Q F1 .948
-(Accept the current line for e)144 628.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
-(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729
-(history for editing.)144 640.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229
-F .729
-(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
--.18 F(the current line.)144 652.8 Q F2(fetch\255history)108 664.8 Q F1
--.4(Wi)144 676.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257
-(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei)
--.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G
-(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 688.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H
-(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)
-108 700.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F1 1.312
-(Search backw)144 712.8 R 1.312(ard starting at the current line and mo)
--.1 F 1.312(ving \231up\232 through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)
--.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F1 .973
-(Search forw)144 96 R .973(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F
-.973(ving \231do)-.15 F .973(wn\232 through the history as necessary)
--.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F2(non\255incr)
-108 120 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E
-(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F1 .164(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\
-d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\
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-(.)-.55 E F2(non\255incr)108 156 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)
--.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F1 1.354(Search forw)144 168 R
-1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\
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-192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F1 .248(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\
-rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\
-f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 216 Q
-(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F2(history\255sear)108 228 Q
-(ch\255backward)-.18 E F1 .951(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through \
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-nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q
-(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F2(history\255substring\255sear)
-108 264 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F1 .95(Search backw)144 276 R .951(ard \
-through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\
-he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 288
-R F0(point)2.507 E F1 2.507(\). The)B .007(search string may match an)
-2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5(line. This)144 300 R
-(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F2(history\255substring\255sear)108
-312 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F1 .248(Search forw)144 324 R .249(a\
-rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\
-f the current line)-.1 F .319(and the point.)144 336 R .319
-(The search string may match an)5.319 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)
--.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental)5.318 F(search.)144 348 Q F2
-(yank\255nth\255ar)108 360 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F1 .622
-(Insert the \214rst ar)144 372 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622
-(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F
-.622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 384 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773
-(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F0(n)3.633 E F1 3.273(,i).24 G .773
-(nsert the)-3.273 F F0(n)3.273 E F1 .773(th w)B .773(ord from the pre)
--.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144
-396 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)
--.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F F0(n)2.791 E F1 .291
-(th w)B .292(ord from the end of)-.1 F .237(the pre)144 408 R .237
-(vious command.)-.25 F .237(Once the ar)5.237 F(gument)-.18 E F0(n)2.736
-E F1 .236(is computed, the ar)2.736 F .236(gument is e)-.18 F .236
-(xtracted as if the \231!)-.15 F F0(n)A F1<9a>A(history e)144 420 Q
-(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F2(yank\255last\255ar)108 432 Q
-2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F1 1.307
-(Insert the last ar)144 444 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
-(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308
-(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 456 S .204(th a numeric ar).4
-F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)
--.1 E F2(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F1 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203
-E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F2(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E
-(g)-.1 E F1(mo)144 468 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
-(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
-(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E
-.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 480 R(An)5.416 E
-2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416
-(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415
-(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 492 R 1.518 -.15
-(ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218
-(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
-(through the history \(back or forw)144 504 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
-.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494
-(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144
-516 S(rd, as if the \231!$\232 history e).1 E
-(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F2
-(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 528 Q F1 .367
-(Expand the line by performing shell w)144 540 R .368(ord e)-.1 F 2.868
-(xpansions. This)-.15 F .368(performs alias and history e)2.868 F
-(xpansion,)-.15 E F2($)144 552 Q F1<08>A F0(string)A F1 3.358<0861>C(nd)
--3.358 E F2($)3.358 E F1(")A F0(string)A F1 3.358("q)C .857
-(uoting, tilde e)-3.358 F .857(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .857
-(ariable e)-.25 F .857(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .548
-(pansion, command and process substitution, w)144 564 R .548
-(ord splitting, and quote remo)-.1 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.049(l. An).25 F
--.15(ex)3.049 G .549(plicit ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E .61
-(ment suppresses command and process substitution.)144 576 R(See)5.61 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.109 E(OR)-.162 E 2.859(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.859
-E(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)2.859 E 3.109(wf)-.25 G .609(or a de-)-3.109 F
-(scription of history e)144 588 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-(history\255expand\255line \(M\255\000\))108 600 Q F1 .938
-(Perform history e)144 612 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E
-(ANSION)-.666 E F1(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-)
--3.439 F(tion of history e)144 624 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(magic\255space)
-108 636 Q F1 .438(Perform history e)144 648 R .438
-(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3
-(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F1
-(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 660 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
--2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(alias\255expand\255line)108 672 Q F1 .394
-(Perform alias e)144 684 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F1(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 Q
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F1
-(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15
-E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G
--1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F1 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2
-(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
-(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 132 Q F1(In)144
-144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
-(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)5.146 E F1(at-)2.646 E
-(tempts to in)144 156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)
--.162 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F0(emacs)2.5 E F1(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5
-(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(Commands f)87 172.8
-Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F0(end\255of\255\214le)108 184.8 Q F2
-(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F1 .651
-(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 196.8 R .651
-(xample, by)-.15 F F0(stty)3.491 E F1 3.151(\(1\). If).32 F .652
-(this character is read when)3.152 F .167
-(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 208.8 R
-.167(ginning of the line, readline interprets it as)-.15 F
-(the end of input and returns)144 220.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F2
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 232.8 Q F1 .441
-(Delete the character at point.)144 244.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F2
-(EOF)2.942 E F1(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
--2.5 E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F1(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 268.8 Q F1 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 280.8 R
-5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
-(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 292.8 Q F2
--.25(fo)108 304.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F1 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 316.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 328.8 Q F2
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 340.8 Q F1 .779(Add the ne)144
-352.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
-(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F1 3.278
-(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 364.8 S(ample.).15 E F2
-(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 376.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1
-(Insert a tab character)144 388.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !,)108 400.8 Q F1 1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))
--1.666 E F1(Insert the character typed.)144 412.8 Q F2
-(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 424.8 Q F1 .321
-(Drag the character before point forw)144 436.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
-(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144
-448.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)
-144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2
-(transpose\255w)108 472.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F1 .023(Drag the w)144
-484.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
--.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
--2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 496.8 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(upcase\255w)108 508.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F1 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144
-520.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 532.8 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 544.8 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F1(Lo)144 556.8 Q 1.647
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(capitalize\255w)108 580.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F1 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144
-592.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b)
-.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2 -.1(ove)108
-616.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F1 -.8(To)144 628.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
-(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 640.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
--.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
-(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 652.8 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F1(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi)
-4.394 E F1 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
-F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F0 -.37(re)
-4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F1 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969
-(mode. In)144 664.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469
-(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)3.969 E F1
-1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957
-(pushing the te)144 676.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
-(Characters bound to)5.957 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F1
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 688.8
-Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F2(Killing and Y)87
-705.6 Q(anking)-.85 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E
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-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108
-84 Q F1(Kill the te)144 96 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15
-E F2(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 108 Q F1(Kill backw)
-144 120 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F2
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 132 Q F1(Kill backw)144 144 Q
-(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
-(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F2(kill\255whole\255line)108 156 Q F1
-(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-168 Q F2(kill\255w)108 180 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F1 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 192 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 204 S
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 216 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F1(Kill the w)144 228 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
-E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255kill\255w)108 240 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F1 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 252 R
-.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 264 S
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2(shell\255f)2.5 E
-(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F1 3.025(Kill the w)144 288 R 3.025
-(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(unix\255w)108 312 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F1 .364(Kill the w)144 324 R .364
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-336 Q F2(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 348 Q F1 .167(Kill the w)144
-360 R .166
-(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 372 Q
-(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F2(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 384 Q F1
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 396 Q F2(kill\255r)108 408
-Q(egion)-.18 E F1(Kill the te)144 420 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F2(copy\255r)108 432 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F1(Cop)
-144 444 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
-(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F2
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(Cop)144 468 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
-2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
--.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 480
-Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(copy\255f)108 492 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F1(Cop)144 504 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
-F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
--.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2
--.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 528 Q F1 -1(Ya)144 540 S
-(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F2(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 552 Q F1
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 564 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
-(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F2(yank)2.5 E
-F1(or)2.5 E F2(yank\255pop)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Numeric Ar)87 580.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 592.8 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551,)-.1 E F1
-1.666(...)2.5 G F2 2.5(,M)-1.666 G<adad29>-2.5 E F1 .367
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 604.8 R .367
-(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-(ument.).18 E F2(uni)108 628.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F1 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
-(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
-(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-652.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-664.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(uni)
-3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F1(ag)3.67 E 1.17
-(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 676.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
-(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
-(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 688.8 R 1.23
-(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 700.8 R .822
-(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
-(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 712.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
-E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.3)
-72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 84 Q
-(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137
-(xt before point.)-.15 F F2(Bash)6.137 E F1 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .434(xt as a v)
--.15 F .434(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .434(xt be)-.15 F .434(gins with)
--.15 F F2($)2.934 E F1 .434(\), username \(if the te)B .434(xt be)-.15 F
-.434(gins with)-.15 F F2<01>2.935 E F1 .435(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 132 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F2(@)3.202 E F1 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
-(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F2
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F2(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F1 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w)
--.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
-.15 F F2(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F1(.)A F2
-(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F1 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F2(complete)
-3.429 E F1 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193
-(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.193(cution of).15 F F2(menu\255complete)3.694 E F1 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828
-(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F2(bell\255style)3.227 E F1 3.227
-(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
-(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F F0(n)3.227 E F1(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(s).15 E F0(n)3.228 E F1 1.73(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73
-(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03
--.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03
--.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 288 Q
-(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F2 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F1
-2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F2
-(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F1 .82(Identical to)144 312 R F2
-(menu\255complete)3.32 E F1 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
-(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F2
-(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F1(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
-.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F1 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F2(delete\255char)2.734
-E F1(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F2(possible\255completions)
-2.925 E F1 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F1
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F2(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F2
-(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255\001\))-.15 E F1
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(possible\255user)
-108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x \001\))-.15 E F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(complete\255v)108
-480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F1(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F1
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F1 .581
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R
-.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
-.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F2
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F2
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 .425
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
-(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F2(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F1 .61
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
-(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72
-768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F1 .4(Perform \214lenam\
-e completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed withi\
-n braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F2(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F1(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F1(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
-(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F2(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F1(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q
-(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F2
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F1(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F2(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F1(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F0(inputr)2.5
-E(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108
-261.6 S<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F1
-1.777(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F0(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E
-F1 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-285.6 Q F2(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F1 3.248
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R
-5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F2
-(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F1(\).)A F2(do\255lo)108 333.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
-(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F0(x)A F2(,)A F1
-1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))-1.666 E F1 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144
-345.6 R F0(x)4.239 E F1 1.739
-(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
-F(meta\214ed lo)144 357.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
-(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F0(x)2.5 E F1(is already lo)
-2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2(pr)108 369.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F1
-(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(ESC)5 E F2(f)2.25 E F1(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
-(Meta\255f)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F1
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F2
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F1 .23
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
-2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F2(undo)2.731 E F1
-.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
-(turn the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F2
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F1(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q
-(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 477.6 Q F1
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
-(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F2
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F1(Sw)
-144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
-(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F2
-(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F1 3.111(Ac)144
-549.6 S .611(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.111 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.112(dt).15 G 3.112(ot)-3.112 G .612(he ne)-3.112 F .612
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.612(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .912 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E
-(ment searches for pre)144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F2
-(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F1
-2.695(Ac)144 585.6 S .194(haracter is read and point is mo)-2.695 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.694(dt).15 G 2.694(ot)-2.694 G .194(he pre)-2.694 F .194
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 5.194(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .494 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G
-(gument searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F2
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F1 1.826
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R
-.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
-(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.286(If this sequence is bound to \231\\[\232, k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1
-G 2.786(sp).15 G .286(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.786 F .587 -.15
-(ve n)-.2 H 2.787(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect unless e).25 F
-(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
-ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
-5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
-(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F2(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-681.6 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48
-(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F2
-(comment\255begin)2.981 E F1 -.25(va)2.981 G .481
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
-(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321
-(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F2
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F1 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F2
-(comment\255begin)3.332 E F1 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)
-144 96 Q F1 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F2(spell\255corr)108 120 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
-(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F1 .42
-(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 132 R .421
-(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1
-(wa)144 144 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F2(cdspell)
-4.718 E F1 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255f)4.717 E
-(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
-(glob\255complete\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F1 .791(The w)144
-180 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
-.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
-192 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
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-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F1 .176(The w)144 216 R .176
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
-(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 228 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
-(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 252 Q F1 .923(The list of e)144 264 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
-.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F2
-(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F1 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 276 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
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-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 288 S(pansion.).15 E F2(dump\255functions)108 300 Q F1 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 312 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 324 Q
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F0(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1
-(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255v)108 336 Q(ariables)-.1 E F1 .762
-(Print all of the settable readline v)144 348 R .762
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 360 R .109
-(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 372 Q
-(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255macr)108 384 Q(os)-.18 E F1 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 396 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 408 Q
-.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F1
-(\214le.)144 420 Q F2(display\255shell\255v)108 432 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F1(Display v)144 444 Q
-(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E
-F1(.)A F2(Pr)87 460.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1 .146(When w)108
-472.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
-(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F0(compspec)108 484.8 Q F1 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F2(complete)3.829 E F1 -.2(bu)
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--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 496.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 513.6 R .497
-(If the command w)5.497 F .498
-(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
-525.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
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-(for the w)108 549.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
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-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
-G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F2<ad44>2.798 E F1 .056
-(option to)108 585.6 R F2(complete)2.556 E F1 .056(is used as the def)
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-(ault compspec,)-.1 F F2(bash)2.556 E F1 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F
-.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 597.6 R .332(ord as a \
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-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Completing)2.5 E F1(is performed.)2.5 E .464
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 655.2 R
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-(When the)5.595 F F2<ad66>3.095 E F1(or)3.095 E F2<ad64>3.095 E F1 .596
-(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
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-(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 720 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
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-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
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-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 144 Q
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-(After these matches ha)108 160.8 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
-(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F2<ad46>2.734 E
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-(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208
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-(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .158
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-(the function or command is in)108 208.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346
-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F1 2.847(\)i)C
-2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments)
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-(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F1 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)
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-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629
-(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 244.8 R
-.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
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-108 256.8 Q(An)108 273.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437
-(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F2<ad46>2.937 E F1 .437(is in)2.937 F
--.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437
-(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437
-(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 285.6 Q F2
-(compgen)2.957 E F1 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
--.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108
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-E(Ne)108 314.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08
-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F2<ad43>2.58 E F1 .081
-(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)
--2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 326.4
-R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\
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-(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 355.2 R
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-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F1 .681
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-(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
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-(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108
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-<ad53>3.087 E F1 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087
-F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\
-ode as the list of possible completions.)108 444 Q .246(If the pre)108
-460.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)
--.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)
--.15 E F1 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)
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-(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
-(If the)108 489.6 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F1 .462(option w)
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-(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
-F(pletion is attempted and an)108 501.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
-(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559
-(By def)108 518.4 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56
-(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F
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-E F2(bash)3.132 E F1 .631
-(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631
-(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 542.4 R
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-(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.)
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-1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F
-3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F
-(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108
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-(tion with a def)108 660 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F
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-(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 696 R .666
-(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666
-(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108
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-G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083
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-(vides access to the)-.15 F F0 .371(command history)2.871 F F1(,)A .304
-(the list of commands pre)108 196.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304
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-(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5
-(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F1 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)
--.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287
-(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108
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-(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565
-(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F1
-(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 244.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1 1.184
-(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)
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-F1 1.273(is truncated, if necessary)3.524 F 3.773(,t)-.65 G 3.773(oc)
--3.773 G 1.273(ontain no more than the)-3.773 F 1.191
-(number of lines speci\214ed by the v)108 285.6 R 1.191(alue of)-.25 F
-F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F6(.)A F1(If)5.691 E F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.691 E F1
-1.192(is unset, or set to null, a)3.691 F .112(non-numeric v)108 297.6 R
-.112(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 F .112
-(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .111
-(When the history \214le)5.111 F .275(is read, lines be)108 309.6 R .275
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .276
-(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted)-.25 F .6
-(as timestamps for the follo)108 321.6 R .599(wing history line.)-.25 F
-.599(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the)5.599 F
--.25(va)108 333.6 S 1.138(lue of the).25 F F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.638 E(T)
--.855 E F1 -.25(va)3.388 G 3.638(riable. When).25 F 3.638(as)3.638 G
-1.138(hell with history enabled e)-3.638 F 1.139(xits, the last)-.15 F
-F5($HISTSIZE)3.639 E F1 .506(lines are copied from the history list to)
-108 345.6 R F5($HISTFILE)3.005 E F6(.)A F1 .505(If the)5.005 F F4
-(histappend)3.005 E F1 .505(shell option is enabled \(see the de-)3.005
-F .599(scription of)108 357.6 R F4(shopt)3.099 E F1(under)3.099 E F5 .6
-(SHELL B)3.099 F(UIL)-.09 E .6(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)2.85 E .6
-(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le,)-.25 F .047
-(otherwise the history \214le is o)108 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.547
-(rwritten. If).15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.547 E F1 .047
-(is unset or null, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the)2.297 F
-.598(history is not sa)108 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.098(d. If).15 F(the)
-3.098 E F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.098 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.848 G .598
-(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le,).25 F
-(mark)108 393.6 Q .51(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 3.01
-(,s)-.4 G 3.009(ot)-3.01 G(he)-3.009 E 3.009(ym)-.15 G .509
-(ay be preserv)-3.009 F .509(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F .509
-(This uses the)5.509 F .384(history comment character to distinguish ti\
-mestamps from other history lines.)108 405.6 R .385(After sa)5.384 F
-.385(ving the history)-.2 F 2.885(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.885 E .381
-(history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)108 417.6 R F5
-(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F1 2.88(lines. If)2.63 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)2.88 E F1
-.38(is unset, or set to)2.63 F(null, a non-numeric v)108 429.6 Q
-(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E
-(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298
-(The b)108 446.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F4(fc)2.798 E F1(\(see)
-2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1
-(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 458.4 R
-(The)5.472 E F4(history)2.972 E F1 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471
-(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001
-(manipulate the history \214le.)108 470.4 R .001
-(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va)
--.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 482.4 Q
-(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 499.2
-R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486
-(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt)
--3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985
-E(OL)-.27 E F1(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 511.2 Q F1 -.25(va)3.306 G
-1.057(riables are used to cause the shell to sa).25 F 1.357 -.15(ve o)
--.2 H 1.057(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)6.057 E F4
-(cmdhist)108 523.2 Q F1 .75
-(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
--.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077
-(the same history entry)108 535.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
-(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G
-1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F4(lithist)3.577 E F1
-.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 547.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373
-(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
-(description of the)108 559.2 R F4(shopt)2.818 E F1 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318
-(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F
-(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1 .319
-(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108
-571.2 Q F3(HIST)72 588 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)
--.81 E F1 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 600 R .611
-(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61
-(xpansion in)-.15 F F4(csh)3.11 E F1 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F
-.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 612 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371
-(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
-(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
-.95(can be disabled using the)108 624 R F4(+H)3.449 E F1 .949
-(option to the)3.449 F F4(set)3.449 E F1 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 636 Q 2.5
-(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E
-1.305(History e)108 652.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\
-ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\
-t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 664.8 R .21(guments to a pre)
--.18 F .209
-(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 676.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
-693.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\
-s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 705.6 S .252
-(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
-(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 717.6 Q .145
-(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
-rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\
-titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\
-r inclusion into the current one.)108 729.6 R .766
-(The line selected from the)5.766 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.203(history is the)108 84 R F0 -.15(ev)3.703 G
-(ent).15 E F1 3.703(,a)C 1.203
-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.703 F F0(wor)
-3.703 E(ds)-.37 E F1 6.203(.T)C 1.203(he line is brok)-6.203 F 1.203
-(en into)-.1 F -.1(wo)108 96 S 2.08(rds in the same f).1 F 2.08
-(ashion as when reading input, so that se)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E
-F0(metac)4.58 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F1 2.08(-separated w)B 2.08
-(ords sur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .245(rounded by quotes are considered one w)108
-108 R 2.746(ord. The)-.1 F F0 -.15(ev)2.746 G .246(ent designator).15 F
-F1 .246(selects the e)2.746 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .246(nt, the optional).15 F
-F0(wor)2.746 E 2.746(dd)-.37 G(es-)-2.746 E(ignator)108 120 Q F1 .04
-(selects w)2.54 F .04(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .039
-(nt, and v).15 F .039(arious optional)-.25 F F0(modi\214er)2.539 E(s)-.1
-E F1 .039(are a)2.539 F -.25(va)-.2 G .039
-(ilable to manipulate the selected).25 F -.1(wo)108 132 S(rds.).1 E .574
-(History e)108 148.8 R .574
-(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .575
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G .575(hich is)-3.075 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.908 E F1 .575(by de-)3.908 F -.1(fa)108 160.8 S 2.5
-(ult. History).1 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may appear an).15 E
-(ywhere in the input, b)-.15 E(ut do not nest.)-.2 E .791
-(Only backslash \()108 177.6 R F2(\\).833 E F1 3.291(\)a).833 G .79
-(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F
-(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
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-(string.)108 201.6 Q(Se)108 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
-(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
-(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 230.4 T
-3.721(ni).25 G 3.721(fi)-3.721 G 3.722(ti)-3.721 G 3.722(su)-3.722 G
-1.222(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.722 F 1.222(wline, carriage return,)
--.25 F F2(=)3.722 E F1 3.722(,a)C 1.222
-(nd the other shell metacharacters de\214ned)-3.722 F(abo)108 242.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 1.764(There is a special abbre)108 259.2 R 1.764
-(viation for substitution, acti)-.25 F 2.064 -.15(ve w)-.25 H 1.764
-(hen the).15 F F0(quic)4.264 E 4.264(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-4.264 E F1
-1.763(character \(described)4.263 F(abo)108 271.2 Q .488 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F2(histchars)2.688 E F1 2.688(\)i)C 2.688(st)-2.688 G .188
-(he \214rst character on the line.)-2.688 F .188(It selects the pre)
-5.188 F .189(vious history entry)-.25 F 2.689(,u)-.65 G .189(sing an e)
--2.689 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt).15 E .786(designator equi)108 283.2 R -.25
-(va)-.25 G .786(lent to).25 F F2(!!)3.286 E F1 3.286(,a)C .786
-(nd substitutes one string for another in that line.)-3.286 F .786
-(It is described belo)5.786 F 3.285(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.285 E F2(Ev)108
-295.2 Q .138(ent Designators)-.1 F F1 5.138(.T)C .139
-(his is the only history e)-5.138 F .139(xpansion that does not be)-.15
-F .139(gin with the history e)-.15 F .139(xpansion char)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(acter)108 307.2 Q(.)-.55 E(Se)108 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11
-(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E F1 -.2(bu)
-2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109
-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 336 R F2
-(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F1 .231
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt)
-2.731 E F1 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2
--.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F1 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\
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-R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448(xpanded line is)-.15
-F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 360 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F1
-2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)
--.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F1 2.228
-(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 372 Q(eedit)-.18 E F1 1.202
-(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
-(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F1(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 384 S -.25(ff).2 G
-.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F2<ad70>2.803 E F1 .303
-(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F1 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304
-(iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52
-(pansion will do before using it.)108 396 R(The)5.52 E F2<ad73>3.02 E F1
-.52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F1 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52
-(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 424.8 R
-1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108
-(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108
-(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 436.8 R
-F2(histchars)2.663 E F1(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
-.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F1 2.663(\). The)B .162
-(shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F
-(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 448.8 Q F2(Ev)
-87 465.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F1 .066(An e)108 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.067(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\
-y list.).15 F .067(The e)5.067 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .067
-(nt designator consists).15 F .462(of the portion of the w)108 489.6 R
-.461(ord be)-.1 F .461(ginning with the history e)-.15 F .461
-(xpansion character and ending with the w)-.15 F .461(ord desig-)-.1 F
-.582(nator if present, or the end of the w)108 501.6 R 3.083
-(ord. Unless)-.1 F .583(the reference is absolute, e)3.083 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .583(nts are relati).15 F .883 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.083(ot).15 G
-.583(he current)-3.083 F(position in the history list.)108 513.6 Q F2(!)
-108 530.4 Q F1 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 530.4 R 1.608
-(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F1 4.107
-(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
-(\(when the)144 542.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F1
-(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 554.4 Q F0(n)A F1(Refer to command line)144
-554.4 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 566.4 Q F0(n)A F1
-(Refer to the current command minus)144 566.4 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E
-F2(!!)108 578.4 Q F1(Refer to the pre)144 578.4 Q(vious command.)-.25 E
-(This is a synon)5 E(ym for \231!\2551\232.)-.15 E F2(!)108 590.4 Q F0
-(string)A F1 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the curren\
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-144.34 602.4 Q F1(.).22 E F2(!?)108 614.4 Q F0(string)A F2([?])A F1
-1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\
-n the history list containing)144 626.4 R F0(string)144.34 638.4 Q F1
-5.496(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F1 .496
-(may be omitted if)2.996 F F0(string)3.336 E F1 .497(is follo)3.216 F
-.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F0(string)
-2.997 E F1(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\
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-(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 662.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF<00>108
-679.4 Q F0(string1)-5 I F3<00>5 I F0(string2)-5 I F3<00>5 I F1 .752
-(Quick substitution.)144 686.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753
-(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F0(string1)3.593 E F1(with)3.253 E F0
-(string2)3.593 E F1 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753
-(lent to).25 F(\231!!:s)144 698.4 Q/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF<00>5 I F0
-(string1)-5 I F4<00>5 I F0(string2)-5 I F4<00>5 I F1 2.5<9a28>-5 K(see)
--2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!#)108 84 Q F1
-(The entire command line typed so f)144 84 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75
-(Wo)87 100.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F1 -.8(Wo)108 112.8 S 1.314
-(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
--.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F1 1.313
-(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F
-.41(from the w)108 124.8 R .411(ord designator)-.1 F 5.411(.I)-.55 G
-2.911(tm)-5.411 G .411(ay be omitted if the w)-2.911 F .411
-(ord designator be)-.1 F .411(gins with a)-.15 F F2<00>2.911 E F1(,)A F2
-($)2.911 E F1(,)A F2(*)2.911 E F1(,)A F2<ad>2.911 E F1 2.911(,o)C(r)
--2.911 E F2(%)2.911 E F1 5.411(.W)C(ords)-6.211 E .516
-(are numbered from the be)108 136.8 R .516
-(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
-(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-)
-.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 148.8
-Q F2 2.5(0\()108 165.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F1(The zeroth w)144 177.6
-Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F0(n)108.36 189.6 Q F1(The)144 189.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
-F2<00>108 201.6 Q F1(The \214rst ar)144 201.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
-(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 213.6 Q F1 .063(The last w)144 213.6
-R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064
-(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F
-.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 225.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
-F2(%)108 237.6 Q F1 .917(The \214rst w)144 237.6 R .916
-(ord matched by the most recent \231?)-.1 F F0(string)A F1 3.416
-(?'\232 search,)B .916(if the search string be)3.416 F .916(gins with a)
--.15 F(character that is part of a w)144 249.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F0(x)108.77
-261.6 Q F2<ad>A F0(y)A F1 2.5(Ar)144 261.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E
-(ords; \231\255)-.1 E F0(y)A F1 2.5<9a61>C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates \2310\255)
--.25 E F0(y)A F1<9a2e>A F2(*)108 273.6 Q F1 .218(All of the w)144 273.6
-R .218(ords b)-.1 F .218(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .219(This is a synon)5.218
-F .219(ym for \231)-.15 F F0(1\255$)A F1 2.719(\232. It)B .219
-(is not an error to use)2.719 F F2(*)2.719 E F1 .219(if there is)2.719 F
-(just one w)144 285.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 297.6 Q
-F1(Abbre)144 297.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<78ad>108
-309.6 Q F1(Abbre)144 309.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(lik)2.5 E
-(e)-.1 E F2(x*)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)
--.1 F F2(x)2.5 E F1(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)
-108 326.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F2(Modi\214ers)87 343.2 Q F1 .184
-(After the optional w)108 355.2 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
-G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a \231:\232.)108 367.2 Q
-(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
-(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt.).15 E F2(h)108 384 Q F1(Remo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
-(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F2(t)
-108 396 Q F1(Remo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
-(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F2(r)
-108 408 Q F1(Remo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
-(\214x of the form)-.25 E F0(.xxx)2.5 E F1 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F2(e)108 420 Q F1(Remo)144 420 Q .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F2(p)108 432 Q
-F1(Print the ne)144 432 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F2(q)108 444 Q F1
-(Quote the substituted w)144 444 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F2(x)108 456 Q F1 .385
-(Quote the substituted w)144 456 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F2(q)2.885 E
-F1 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F2
-(blanks)2.886 E F1 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F2(q)
-2.886 E F1(and)2.886 E F2(x)2.886 E F1(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
-468 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
-(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F2(s/)108 480 Q F0(old)A F2(/)A F0
-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(Substitute)144 492 Q F0(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F1
-.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F0(old)3.199 E F1 .469
-(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
-(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953
-(delimiter in place of /.)144 504 R .953
-(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131
-(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 516 R F0(old)2.861 E F1(and)3.401 E
-F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
-(If & appears in)5.131 F F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 528 R F0
-(old)3.349 E F1 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
--2.5 F(If)5.619 E F0(old)3.349 E F1 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
-3.889 F F0(old)3.349 E F1(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 540 R 2.987
-(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486
-(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F0(string)3.326
-E F1 .486(in a)3.206 F F2(!?)2.986 E F0(string)A F2([?])A F1 2.986
-(search. If)5.486 F F0(ne)144.36 552 Q(w)-.15 E F1
-(is null, each matching)2.81 E F0(old)2.73 E F1(is deleted.)3.27 E F2(&)
-108 564 Q F1(Repeat the pre)144 564 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)
-108 576 Q F1 .267(Cause changes to be applied o)144 576 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.767(rt).15 G .267(he entire e)-2.767 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .267(nt line.)
-.15 F .267(This is used in conjunction with \231)5.267 F F2(:s)A F1
-2.768<9a28>C(e.g.,)-2.768 E<99>144 588 Q F2(:gs/)A F0(old)A F2(/)A F0
-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(\232\) or \231)A F2(:&)A F1 2.5(\232. If)B
-(used with \231)2.5 E F2(:s)A F1(\232, an)A 2.5(yd)-.15 G
-(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.5 E
-(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 600 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F2(a)2.5 E F1(may be used as a synon)
-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2(g)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(G)108 612 Q F1(Apply the follo)
-144 612 Q(wing \231)-.25 E F2(s)A F1 2.5<9a6f>C 2.5<7299>-2.5 G F2(&)
--2.5 E F1 2.5<9a6d>C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 628.8
-Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F1 .063
-(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 640.8 R .062(uiltin command documen\
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-652.8 Q F1(accepts)3.077 E F2<adad>3.077 E F1 .577
-(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E F1
-(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F1(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F1 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
-F2(test)3.077 E F1(/)A F2([)A F1 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 664.8 R F2
-<adad>2.961 E F1(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit)
-2.961 E F1(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
--.15 E F1(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F1(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F1(,)A
-F2(let)2.961 E F1 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F1 -.2(bu)
-2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 676.8 R .26
-(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>2.76 E F1 .261
-(without requiring)2.76 F F2<adad>2.761 E F1 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
--5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261
-(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)
-108 688.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>
-3.654 E F1 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
-(lid options and require).25 F F2<adad>3.654 E F1(to)3.654 E(pre)108
-700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768
-Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 61 61
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A
-(guments)-.37 E F1(])A .451(No ef)144 96 R .451
-(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
--.15 E F0(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F1 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
-2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 108 R
-(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)108 124.8 Q F0(\214lename)6.666 E F1
-([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A F2(sour)108 136.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F0
-(\214lename)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A 1.02
-(Read and e)144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F0
-(\214lename)5.43 E F1 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02
-(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33
-(status of the last command e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331
-(cuted from).15 F F0(\214lename)5.741 E F1 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F0
-(\214lename)5.741 E F1 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F
-.023(names in)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189
-E F1 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F0
-(\214lename)4.432 E F1 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F0(\214lename)2.522 E
-F1 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 184.8 S 3.86
-(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F3 -.666(PA)3.86
-G(TH)-.189 E F1 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861
-(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.861 E F1 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F0
-(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 196.8 Q F1 2.772(,i)C 2.772(ts)-2.772 G .272
-(earches the current directory if no \214le is found in)-2.772 F F3
--.666(PA)2.771 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .271(If the)
-4.771 F F2(sour)2.771 E(cepath)-.18 E F1 .271(option to the)2.771 F F2
-(shopt)144 208.8 Q F1 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2
-F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F1 1.159
-(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F0(ar)3.66 E
-(guments)-.37 E F1 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 220.8 Q 3.045(yb)
--.15 G .544(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.045 F F0(\214lename)
-3.044 E F1 .544(is e)3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.044(cuted. Otherwise).15 F
-.544(the positional para-)3.044 F .302(meters are unchanged.)144 232.8 R
-.302(If the)5.302 F F2<ad54>2.802 E F1 .302(option is enabled,)2.802 F
-F2(.)2.802 E F1 .302(inherits an)2.802 F 2.802(yt)-.15 G .302(rap on)
--2.802 F F2(DEB)2.802 E(UG)-.1 E F1 2.802(;i)C 2.802(fi)-2.802 G 2.802
-(ti)-2.802 G 2.803(sn)-2.802 G .303(ot, an)-2.803 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)144
-244.8 Q(UG)-.1 E F1 .382(trap string is sa)2.882 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.882
-(da).15 G .382(nd restored around the call to)-2.882 F F2(.)2.882 E F1
-2.882(,a)C(nd)-2.882 E F2(.)2.881 E F1 .381(unsets the)2.881 F F2(DEB)
-2.881 E(UG)-.1 E F1 .381(trap while)2.881 F .812(it e)144 256.8 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.312(cutes. If).15 F F2<ad54>3.312 E F1 .812
-(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)3.312 F F2(DEB)3.312 E
-(UG)-.1 E F1 .812(trap, the ne)3.312 F 3.312(wv)-.25 G .813(alue is re-)
--3.562 F 1.377(tained when)144 268.8 R F2(.)3.877 E F1 3.877
-(completes. The)3.877 F 1.376
-(return status is the status of the last command e)3.876 F 1.376
-(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 280.8 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F0(\214lename)4.41 E
-F1(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 297.6 Q F1([)2.5
-E F2<ad70>A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C
-1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E F2(Alias)144 309.6 Q F1 2.724(with no ar)
-5.224 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F2<ad70>5.224 E F1 2.724
-(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E
-F0(name)144 321.6 Q F1(=)A F0(value)A F1 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
-.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
-(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F0(name)
-3.08 E F1(whose)144 333.6 Q F0(value)2.508 E F1 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F0(value)
-2.509 E F1 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009
-(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579
-(tution when the alias is e)144 345.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579
-(or each)-.15 F F0(name)3.079 E F1 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579
-(gument list for which no)-.18 F F0(value)3.079 E F1 .578(is sup-)3.078
-F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 357.6 R 1.314
-(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F1 1.314
-(returns true unless a)3.814 F F0(name)3.814 E F1 1.314(is gi)3.814 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E
-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 369.6 Q F2(bg)108 386.4 Q F1([)
-2.5 E F0(jobspec)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .745
-(Resume each suspended job)144 398.4 R F0(jobspec)3.245 E F1 .745
-(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E
-F1 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F0(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 410.4 Q F1 .671
-(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.171 F F0(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F1 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2
-(bg)5.672 E F0(jobspec)4.912 E F1 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419
-(when job control is disabled or)144 422.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
-(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G
-(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F0(jobspec)2.918 E F1 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G
-(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 434.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
-E F2(bind)108 451.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1
-2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F1(])A F2(bind)108 463.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad6d>A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F0
-(function)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C
-F2<ad72>-2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(])A F2(bind)108 475.2 Q F1
-([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F0
-(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 487.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F0 -.1(ke)2.5
-G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1([:])A F0
-(shell\255command)2.5 E F2(bind)108 499.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F0 -.1
-(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F0
-(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 511.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F0 -.1(ke)
-2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1(])A F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F0 -.37(re)C
-(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 523.2 Q F0 -.37(re)2.5 G
-(adline-command-line).37 E F1 .238(Display current)144 535.2 R F2 -.18
-(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239
-(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239
-(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F1 .239(function or)
-2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 547.2 R F2 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E
-F1 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.54 F .039
-(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .039(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 -.18
-(re)144 559.2 S(adline).18 E F1 .182(initialization \214le such as)2.681
-F F0(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F1 2.682(,b).31 G .182
-(ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.029
-(arate ar)144 571.2 R 1.029(gument; e.g., \010"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\
-\255read\255init\255\214le\010.)-.18 F 1.029(In the follo)6.029 F 1.029
-(wing descriptions, output a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .709
-(able to be re-read is formatted as commands that w)144 583.2 R .709
-(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.209 G(adline).18 E F1 .709
-(initialization \214le or)3.209 F .108(that w)144 595.2 R .108
-(ould be supplied as indi)-.1 F .107(vidual ar)-.25 F .107(guments to a)
--.18 F F2(bind)2.607 E F1 2.607(command. Options,)2.607 F .107
-(if supplied, ha)2.607 F .407 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)144 607.2 Q
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6d>144 619.2 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F1
-(Use)180 631.2 Q F0 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F1 2.658(as the k)5.348 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659
-(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F0 -.1(ke)
-180 643.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F1 3.193(names are)5.883 F F0 3.193
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192
-(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E
-(vi\255command)180 655.2 Q F1 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F0(vi\255insert)
-4.379 E F1(.).68 E F0(vi)6.589 E F1 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.589(lent to).25 F F0(vi\255command)4.089 E F1(\()4.089 E F0(vi\255mo)A
-(ve)-.1 E F1 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 667.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F0
-(emacs)2.5 E F1(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F0
-(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(.)A F2<ad6c>144 679.2 Q F1
-(List the names of all)180 679.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1
-(functions.)2.5 E F2<ad70>144 691.2 Q F1(Display)180 691.2 Q F2 -.18(re)
-2.5 G(adline).18 E F1(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E
-(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad50>144 703.2
-Q F1(List current)180 703.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1
-(function names and bindings.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
-144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>144 84 Q F1(Display)180
-84 Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G
-1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)
--.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 96 S 2.5(yt).1 G
-(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad53>144 108 Q F1
-(Display)180 108 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)
--.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
-(utput.)-2.5 E F2<ad76>144 120 Q F1(Display)180 120 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G
-(adline).18 E F1 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
-(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad56>144 132 Q F1(List current)180 132 Q F2
--.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
-(alues.)-.25 E F2<ad66>144 144 Q F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1(Read k)180 156 Q
-.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-<ad71>144 168 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1(Query about which k)180 180 Q -.15
-(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1
-E F0(function)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad75>144 192 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1
-(Unbind all k)180 204 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
--2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad72>144 216 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
--.2 E F1(Remo)180 228 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H
-(urrent binding for).15 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(.)A F2<ad78>144
-240 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2([: ])A F0(shell\255command)A F1
-(Cause)180 252 Q F0(shell\255command)4.344 E F1 1.844(to be e)4.344 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.844(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F0 -.1(ke)
-4.345 G(yseq)-.2 E F1 1.845(is entered.)4.345 F 1.845(The separator be-)
-6.845 F(tween)180 264 Q F0 -.1(ke)3.016 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(and)3.016 E F0
-(shell\255command)3.016 E F1 .516
-(is either whitespace or a colon optionally follo)3.016 F .515(wed by)
--.25 F 3.458(whitespace. If)180 276 R .958(the separator is whitespace,)
-3.458 F F0(shell\255command)3.458 E F1 .958(must be enclosed in double)
-3.458 F .623(quotes and)180 288 R F2 -.18(re)3.123 G(adline).18 E F1
--.15(ex)3.123 G .623(pands an).15 F 3.123(yo)-.15 G 3.123(fi)-3.123 G
-.623(ts special backslash-escapes in)-3.123 F F0(shell\255command)3.122
-E F1(be-)3.122 E .712(fore sa)180 300 R .712(ving it.)-.2 F .713
-(If the separator is a colon, an)5.712 F 3.213(ye)-.15 G .713
-(nclosing double quotes are optional, and)-3.213 F F2 -.18(re)180 312 S
-(adline).18 E F1 .099(does not e)2.599 F .099
-(xpand the command string before sa)-.15 F .098(ving it.)-.2 F .098
-(Since the entire k)5.098 F .398 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(ind-).15 E 2.72(ing e)
-180 324 R 2.72(xpression must be a single ar)-.15 F 2.72
-(gument, it should be enclosed in quotes.)-.18 F(When)7.72 E F0
-(shell\255command)180 336 Q F1 .563(is e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563
-(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)
-3.063 E F1 -.25(va)2.813 G .563(riable to the contents).25 F .319
-(of the)180 348 R F2 -.18(re)2.82 G(adline).18 E F1 .32(line b)2.82 F
-(uf)-.2 E .32(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)2.82 E F1(and)2.57 E
-F3(READLINE_MARK)2.82 E F1 -.25(va)2.57 G(riables).25 E .546
-(to the current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 360 R
--.15(ve)-.2 G 3.045(di).15 G .545(nsertion point \(the mark\), re-)
--3.045 F(specti)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.188(.T)-.65 G 2.188
-(he shell assigns an)-7.188 F 4.688(yn)-.15 G 2.188(umeric ar)-4.688 F
-2.188(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READ-)4.688 E
-(LINE_ARGUMENT)180 384 Q F1 -.25(va)2.399 G 2.649(riable. If).25 F .149
-(there w)2.649 F .149(as no ar)-.1 F .149(gument, that v)-.18 F .148
-(ariable is not set.)-.25 F .148(If the e)5.148 F(x-)-.15 E .582
-(ecuted command changes the v)180 396 R .583(alue of an)-.25 F 3.083(yo)
--.15 G(f)-3.083 E F3(READLINE_LINE)3.083 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3
-(READLINE_POINT)2.833 E F4(,)A F1(or)2.833 E F3(READLINE_MARK)180 408 Q
-F4(,)A F1(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
-(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2<ad58>144 420
-Q F1 .83(List all k)180 420 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
-(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
-.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 432 Q(The return v)
-144 448.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
-E F2(br)108 465.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .054
-(Exit from within a)144 477.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F1(,)A F2
-(while)2.554 E F1(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F1 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2
-(select)2.555 E F1 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F0(n)2.555 E F1 .055
-(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F0(n)2.555 E F1(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ls.).15 E F0(n)5.415 E F1 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555
-E F1(1.)2.555 E(If)144 489.6 Q F0(n)3.075 E F1 .215(is greater than the\
- number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
-(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
-501.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2
-(bu)108 518.4 S(iltin).2 E F0(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F1([)2.5 E
-F0(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A(Ex)144 530.4 Q .77
-(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F0
-(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F1 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271
-F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616
-(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
-542.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
-554.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F1
--.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
-5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 566.4 Q(alse if)-.1
-E F0(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F1(is not a shell b)2.74 E
-(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 583.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)C(pr)
-.2 E F1(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 595.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
-2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
-(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F1(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 607.2 Q
-(ce)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F0 -.2
-(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F1(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F1 .324
-(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
-.254(subroutine call.)144 619.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15
-G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
-F F0 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F1(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F1 .253
-(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\
-tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
-ent e)144 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001
-(This e)144 643.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001
-(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E
-3.019(0. The)144 655.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519
-(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52
-(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F0 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F1 .52
-(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 667.2 Q
-(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 684 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad4c>A F1(|[)A F2<ad50>A F1([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F1(]]] [\255@] [)A F0
-(dir)A F1(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 696 R F0(dir)
-2.822 E F1 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F0(dir)2.822 E F1 .321
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-F1 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.365(the def)144 708 R
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-(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1 1.365
-(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.615 F F0(dir)
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-(shell searches each directory name in)144 720 R F3(CDP)3.41 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F1(for)3.16 E F0(dir)3.41 E F1 5.91(.A)C(lternati)-5.91
-E 1.209 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .909(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.409 E
--.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 84 R 3.264
-(An)5.764 G .764(ull directory name in)-3.264 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1 .764
-(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 96 Q 2.72(,i)-.65 G
-.22(.e., \231.\232.)-2.72 F(If)5.22 E F0(dir)3.069 E F1(be)3.449 E .219
-(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)2.719 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
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-<ad50>2.719 E F1 .219(option causes)2.719 F F3(cd)2.719 E F1(to)2.719 E
-1.286(use the ph)144 108 R 1.287
-(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F0(dir)3.787 E F1 1.287(and before)3.787 F
-.207(processing instances of)144 120 R F0(..)2.706 E F1(in)2.706 E F0
-(dir)2.706 E F1 .206(\(see also the)2.706 F F3<ad50>2.706 E F1 .206
-(option to the)2.706 F F3(set)2.706 E F1 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206
-(iltin command\); the).2 F F3<ad4c>2.706 E F1(option)2.706 E .19
-(forces symbolic links to be follo)144 132 R .191
-(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F0(..)
-2.691 E F1(in)2.691 E F0(dir)2.691 E F1 5.191(.I)C(f)-5.191 E F0(..)144
-144 Q F1 .322(appears in)2.822 F F0(dir)2.822 E F1 2.822(,i)C 2.822(ti)
--2.822 G 2.822(sp)-2.822 G .321(rocessed by remo)-2.822 F .321
-(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .321(vious pathname component from)-.25
-F F0(dir)144 156 Q F1 3.156(,b)C .656(ack to a slash or the be)-3.156 F
-.656(ginning of)-.15 F F0(dir)3.156 E F1 5.656(.I)C 3.156(ft)-5.656 G
-(he)-3.156 E F3<ad65>3.156 E F1 .656(option is supplied with)3.156 F F3
-<ad50>3.156 E F1 3.156(,a)C .656(nd the current)-3.156 F -.1(wo)144 168
-S .863(rking directory cannot be successfully determined after a succes\
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-(return an unsuccessful status.)144 180 R .339
-(On systems that support it, the)5.338 F F3<ad40>2.839 E F1 .339
-(option presents the e)2.839 F .339(xtended at-)-.15 F(trib)144 192 Q
-.589(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F 5.589(.A)-.65 G
-3.089(na)-5.589 G -.18(rg)-3.089 G .589(ument of).18 F F3<ad>3.089 E F1
-.588(is con)3.089 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .588(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.088 E
-F1(before)2.838 E .21(the directory change is attempted.)144 204 R .211
-(If a non-empty directory name from)5.211 F F2(CDP)2.711 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F1 .211(is used, or if)2.461 F F3<ad>2.711 E F1(is)
-2.711 E .274(the \214rst ar)144 216 R .274(gument, and the directory ch\
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-144 228 R 1.056(If the directory change is successful,)6.056 F F3(cd)
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-(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 3.008(wd)-.25 G .508
-(irectory name, and sets the)-3.008 F F3(OLDPWD)3.008 E F1(en)3.008 E
-(vi-)-.4 E .112(ronment v)144 252 R .112(ariable to the v)-.25 F .112
-(alue of the current w)-.25 F .112(orking directory before the change.)
--.1 F .112(The return v)5.112 F(alue)-.25 E(is true if the directory w)
-144 264 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3
-(command)108 280.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F1(])A F0(command)2.5 E F1
-([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Run)144 292.8 Q
-F0(command)2.765 E F1(with)3.335 E F0(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .065
-(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064
-F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 304.8 R
-F2 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F3<ad70>3.002 E F1 .502(option is gi)
-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F0(command)3.202 E
-F1(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 316.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4
-(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .399
-(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
-5.399 E .174(either the)144 328.8 R F3<ad56>2.674 E F1(or)2.674 E F3
-<ad76>2.674 E F1 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F0
-(command)2.875 E F1 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F3<ad76>2.675 E
-F1 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 340.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F
-.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F0(command)3.617 E F1 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
-F F3<ad56>144 352.8 Q F1 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
-(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F3<ad56>2.749 E F1(or)
-2.749 E F3<ad76>2.75 E F1 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 364.8 R F0(command)3.705 E F1 -.1
-(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
-(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F0
-(command)144.2 376.8 Q F1 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
-(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.099 E F1 -.2(bu)144 388.8 S
-(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F0(command)2.7 E F1(.).77 E F3
-(compgen)108 405.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F3<ad56>A F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C
-F0(option)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(])A .013
-(Generate possible completion matches for)144 417.6 R F0(wor)2.513 E(d)
--.37 E F1 .013(according to the)2.513 F F0(option)2.513 E F1 .013
-(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E 1.216
-(accepted by the)144 429.6 R F3(complete)3.716 E F1 -.2(bu)3.716 G 1.216
-(iltin with the e).2 F 1.216(xceptions of)-.15 F F3<ad70>3.716 E F1(,)A
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-(,a)C(nd)-3.717 E F3<ad49>3.717 E F1 3.717(,a)C 1.217(nd write the)
--3.717 F .505(matches to the standard output.)144 441.6 R .505(If the)
-5.505 F F3<ad56>3.005 E F1 .505(option is supplied,)3.005 F F3(compgen)
-3.004 E F1 .504(stores the generated com-)3.004 F 1.086
-(pletions into the inde)144 453.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.586(da).15 G 1.086
-(rray v)-3.586 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(varname)3.586 E F1 1.087
-(instead of writing them to the standard output.)3.586 F .195
-(When using the)144 465.6 R F3<ad46>2.695 E F1(or)2.695 E F3<ad43>2.695
-E F1 .195(options, the v)2.695 F .195(arious shell v)-.25 F .194
-(ariables set by the programmable completion)-.25 F -.1(fa)144 477.6 S
-(cilities, while a).1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15
-(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352
-(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 494.4 R .352
-(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
-em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
-506.4 R(If)5.02 E F0(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F1 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
-2.52 F(those completions matching)144 518.4 Q F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1
-(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 535.2 Q
-(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3
-(complete)108 552 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F1 2.5(][)C F3
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F0(comp-option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F3<ad41>-2.5 E F0(action)2.5 E F1(])A([)144 564 Q F3<ad47>A F0
-(globpat)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3<ad57>-2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F1
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-(command)2.5 E F1(])A([)144 576 Q F3<ad58>A F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F3<ad50>-2.5 E F0(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5
-E F0(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F1(])A F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(name)A F1
-1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F3(complete \255pr)108 588 Q F1([)2.5 E F3
-(\255DEI)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .633
-(Specify ho)144 600 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633
-(uments to each).18 F F0(name)3.133 E F1 .633(should be completed.)3.133
-F .634(If the)5.634 F F3<ad70>3.134 E F1 .634
-(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .567(options or)144 612 R F0(name)
-3.067 E F1 3.067(sa)C .567(re supplied, e)-3.067 F .566
-(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .566
-(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E .046(them to be reused as input.)144 624 R
-(The)5.046 E F3<ad72>2.546 E F1 .046(option remo)2.546 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.547(sac).15 G .047(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.547 F F0
-(name)2.547 E F1 2.547(,o)C .847 -.4(r, i)-2.547 H(f).4 E(no)144 636 Q
-F0(name)2.954 E F1 2.953(sa)C .453
-(re supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)-2.953 F(The)5.453 E F3
-<ad44>2.953 E F1 .453(option indicates that other supplied)2.953 F 1.454
-(options and actions should apply to the \231def)144 648 R 1.454
-(ault\232 command completion; that is, completion at-)-.1 F .021
-(tempted on a command for which no completion has pre)144 660 R .021
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.02 E F3<ad45>2.52 E F1 .02
-(option indi-)2.52 F .698(cates that other supplied options and actions\
- should apply to \231empty\232 command completion; that)144 672 R .577
-(is, completion attempted on a blank line.)144 684 R(The)5.577 E F3
-<ad49>3.077 E F1 .576(option indicates that other supplied options and)
-3.077 F .331
-(actions should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144
-696 R .332(ord on the line, or after a com-)-.1 F .119
-(mand delimiter such as)144 708 R F3(;)2.618 E F1(or)2.618 E F3(|)2.618
-E F1 2.618(,w)C .118(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.618 F
-.118(If multiple options are)5.118 F 1.003(supplied, the)144 720 R F3
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3<ad45>3.504 E F1 3.504(,a)C 1.004(nd both tak)
--3.504 F 3.504(ep)-.1 G 1.004(recedence o)-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15
-E F3<ad49>3.504 E F1 6.004(.I)C 3.504(fa)-6.004 G 1.304 -.15(ny o)-3.504
-H(f).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-3.082 E F1 3.082(,o)C(r)-3.082 E F2<ad49>3.082 E F1 .582
-(are supplied, an)3.082 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.082 E F0(name)3.082 E
-F1(ar)3.082 E .582(guments are ignored; these completions only apply)
--.18 F(to the case speci\214ed by the option.)144 96 Q .152
-(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-112.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144
-124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1(.)A .556
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 141.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
-(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
-(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F1(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F1 3.055
-(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F1 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
-144 153.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F1(and)3.222 E
-F2<ad53>3.222 E F1 .723
-(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion before the)144 165.6 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 182.4 Q
-F0(comp-option)2.5 E F1(The)184 194.4 Q F0(comp-option)2.791 E F1 .291
-(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
-.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 206.4 Q F0
-(comp-option)5 E F1(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 218.4 Q F1
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 230.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E
-F1 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224
-242.4 Q F2(default)184 254.4 Q F1 2.876(Use readline')224 254.4 R 5.376
-(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
-(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 266.4 Q F2(dir)184 278.4 Q(names)-.15 E F1(Perform directory name c\
-ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 290.4 Q F2
-(\214lenames)184 302.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 314.4 S .137(ll readline that th\
-e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>
--.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 326.4 R
-2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)
--2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224
-338.4 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 350.4 Q
-F2(fullquote)184 362.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 374.4 S
-(ll readline to quote all the completed w).7 E(ords e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
-(re not \214lenames.)-2.5 E F2(noquote)184 386.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 386.4 S
-.814(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1
-F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
-(\214lenames is the def)224 398.4 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 410.4 Q
-F1 -.7(Te)224 410.4 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\
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-224 422.4 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
-(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
-434.4 Q F2(plusdirs)184 446.4 Q F1 1.985(After an)224 446.4 R 4.485(ym)
--.15 G 1.985
-(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.583(completion is attempted and an)224 458.4 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
-470.4 Q F2<ad41>144 482.4 Q F0(action)2.5 E F1(The)184 494.4 Q F0
-(action)2.5 E F1(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184
-506.4 Q F1(Alias names.)224 506.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2
-<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(arrayv)184 518.4 Q(ar)-.1 E F1(Array v)224 530.4 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F2(binding)184 542.4 Q(Readline)224 542.4 Q F1
--.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F2 -.2(bu)184 554.4 S
-(iltin).2 E F1(Names of shell b)224 554.4 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad62>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(command)184
-566.4 Q F1(Command names.)224 578.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2
-<ad63>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(dir)184 590.4 Q(ectory)-.18 E F1(Directory names.)
-224 602.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(disabled)184 614.4 Q F1(Names of disabled shell b)224 626.4 Q(uiltins.)
--.2 E F2(enabled)184 638.4 Q F1(Names of enabled shell b)224 638.4 Q
-(uiltins.)-.2 E F2(export)184 650.4 Q F1(Names of e)224 650.4 Q
-(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)
-2.5 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(\214le)184 662.4 Q F1(File names.)224
-662.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(function)
-184 674.4 Q F1(Names of shell functions.)224 686.4 Q F2(gr)184 698.4 Q
-(oup)-.18 E F1(Group names.)224 698.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E
-F2<ad67>2.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(64)
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F1
-(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F2(help)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin.).2 E F2(hostname)184 108 Q F1(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q
-(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F1(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(job)184 132 Q F1
-(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F2<ad6a>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ke)184 144 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F1(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
--.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F2<ad6b>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(running)184
-168 Q F1(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F1(Service names.)224 180
-Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad73>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(setopt)184 192
-Q F1 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F2<ad6f>2.5
-E F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2
-(shopt)184 204 Q F1(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F2
-(shopt)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(signal)184 216 Q F1
-(Signal names.)224 216 Q F2(stopped)184 228 Q F1
-(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(.).15 E F2(user)184 240 Q F1(User names.)224 240 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad75>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(va)184 252 S
-(riable).1 E F1(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F2<ad76>2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad43>144 264 Q F0
-(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F1 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
-(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5
-(completions. Ar)184 288 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F2
-<ad46>2.5 E F1(option.)2.5 E F2<ad46>144 300 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1 .113
-(The shell function)184 312 R F0(function)2.614 E F1 .114(is e)2.614 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F2
-($1)A F1 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
-(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F2
-($2)A F1 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104
-(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F1 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
--2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R
-.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F1(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F2<ad47>144 384 Q F0(globpat)2.5 E F1 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R
-1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F0(globpat)3.507 E F1 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q
-F2<ad50>144 420 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
-F1 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
-(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F2<ad53>144 456 Q F0(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F1
-(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F2<ad57>144 468 Q F0(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F1(The)184 480 Q F0(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F1 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F1 1.139
-(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
-F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F0(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F1
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766
-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
-(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1 1.964
-(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F2<ad58>144 540
-Q F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F1 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F0(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F1 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F2(!)3.204 E F1
-(in)3.204 E F0(\214lterpat)3.204 E F1(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 604.8 R .46
-(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .461
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F2<ad70>2.961 E F1
-(,)A F2<ad72>2.961 E F1(,)A F2<ad44>2.961 E F1(,)A F2<ad45>2.961 E F1(,)
-A(or)144 616.8 Q F2<ad49>2.986 E F1 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F
-F0(name)2.986 E F1(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo)
--.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163
-(tion for a)144 628.8 R F0(name)2.663 E F1 .164
-(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164
-(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F
-(tion.)144 640.8 Q F2(compopt)108 657.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
-(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0
-(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 669.6 R F0(name)2.947 E F1 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F0(option)2.947 E F1 .447
-(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 681.6 R F0(name)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F0(option)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 693.6 Q F0(name)
-3.224 E F1 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F0(option)3.224 E F1 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 705.6 Q F1 -.2(bu)
-2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F2<ad44>2.678 E F1 .178
-(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.456(the \231def)144 717.6 R 1.455(ault\232 command completion; that i\
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-(completion has pre)144 729.6 R 2.038(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F
-(The)7.038 E F2<ad45>4.538 E F1 2.039
-(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .172(should apply to \231empty\232 command complet\
-ion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 R(The)5.172 E
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49>144 96 Q F1 1.014(option indicates that oth\
-er supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-as-)
-3.513 F .282(signment w)144 108 R .281
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)2.781
-E F1(or)2.781 E F2(|)2.781 E F1 2.781(,w)C .281(hich is usually command)
--2.781 F(name completion.)144 120 Q .431(The return v)144 136.8 R .431
-(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
-(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 148.8 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1
-(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 165.6 Q F1([)
-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 177.6 R .851
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F1(,)A
-F2(while)3.351 E F1(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F1 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
-(select)3.35 E F1 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F0(n)3.71 E F1 .85
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 189.6 R F0(n)2.703 E F1
-.203(th enclosing loop.)B F0(n)5.563 E F1 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F1 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F0(n)3.064 E F1 .204
-(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F .737
-(the shell resumes the last enclosing loop \(the \231top-le)144 201.6 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .737(l\232 loop\).).15 F .737(The return v)5.737 F .737
-(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F0(n)3.237 E F1(is)3.237 E
-(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 213.6 Q F2(declar)108 230.4 Q(e)
--.18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..)-.834 G
-(])-1.666 E F2(typeset)108 242.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1
-2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1
-2.5(].)C 1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E 1.264(Declare v)144 254.4 R 1.264
-(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F
-3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F0(name)3.765 E F1 3.765(sa)C 1.265
-(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)
--3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 266.4 S 3.46(riables. The).25
-F F2<ad70>3.46 E F1 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
-(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F0(name)3.82 E F1 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F1 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 278.4 Q F0
-(name)2.774 E F1(ar)2.774 E .274
-(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2<ad66>2.775 E F1(and)
-2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F1 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
-5.275 E F2<ad70>2.775 E F1 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 290.4 Q
-F0(name)2.864 E F1(ar)2.864 E .364(guments, it will display the attrib)
--.18 F .363(utes and v)-.2 F .363(alues of all v)-.25 F .363
-(ariables ha)-.25 F .363(ving the attrib-)-.2 F .118
-(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)144 302.4 R .118
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.118 F F2<ad70>2.618 E F1(,)A F2
-(declar)2.618 E(e)-.18 E F1 .119(will dis-)2.619 F .47(play the attrib)
-144 314.4 R .47(utes and v)-.2 F .47(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 2.969
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.969 E F1 .469
-(option will restrict the display to shell)2.969 F 3.117(functions. The)
-144 326.4 R F2<ad46>3.117 E F1 .617(option inhibits the display of func\
-tion de\214nitions; only the function name and)3.117 F(attrib)144 338.4
-Q 1.059(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.059(If the)6.059 F F2(extdeb)3.559 E
-(ug)-.2 E F1 1.059(shell option is enabled using)3.559 F F2(shopt)3.558
-E F1 3.558(,t)C 1.058(he source \214le name)-3.558 F 1.281
-(and line number where each)144 350.4 R F0(name)3.781 E F1 1.281
-(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.781 F(The)6.281 E F2<ad46>3.782 E
-F1 1.282(option implies)3.782 F F2<ad66>3.782 E F1(.)A(The)144 362.4 Q
-F2<ad67>2.735 E F1 .235(option forces v)2.735 F .235
-(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.734(nw).15 G(hen)-2.734 E F2(declar)2.734 E(e)-.18 E F1(is)
-2.734 E -.15(exe)144 374.4 S .527(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .528
-(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.527 F(The)5.528 E F2<ad49>3.028 E
-F1 .528(option causes local v)3.028 F(ariables)-.25 E .871
-(to inherit the attrib)144 386.4 R .871(utes \(e)-.2 F .871(xcept the)
--.15 F F0(namer)3.371 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.371 E .871(ute\) and v)-.2
-F .871(alue of an)-.25 F 3.37(ye)-.15 G .87(xisting v)-3.52 F .87
-(ariable with the)-.25 F(same)144 398.4 Q F0(name)3.457 E F1 .957
-(at a surrounding scope.)3.457 F .957(If there is no e)5.957 F .958
-(xisting v)-.15 F .958(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .958
-(ariable is initially)-.25 F 2.746(unset. The)144 410.4 R(follo)2.746 E
-.245(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .245
-(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F(ute)-.2 E(or to gi)144
-422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2<ad61>
-144 434.4 Q F1(Each)180 434.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5
-E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 446.4 Q F1(Each)180
-446.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 458.4 Q F1(Use function names only)180
-458.4 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 470.4 Q F1 .557(The v)180 470.4 R .558
-(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558
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--2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 494.4 Q
-F1 .91(When the v)180 494.4 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
-(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 506.4 R
-(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 518.4
-Q F1(Gi)180 518.4 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F0(name)3.819 E F1
-(the)3.819 E F0(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
-(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478
-(That other v)180 530.4 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(name)2.978 E F1 5.478(.A)C .478
-(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 542.4 Q .781
-(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F0(name)3.281 E F1 3.281(,e)C .782
-(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F2<ad6e>3.282 E F1(attrib)
-3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 554.4 R
-.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F0(name)3.308 E F1 1.908 -.55('s v)D
-3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2
-F(applied to array v)180 566.4 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad72>144 578.4 Q F1
-(Mak)180 578.4 Q(e)-.1 E F0(name)3.654 E F1 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E
-6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F
-1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180
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-(traps from the calling shell.)180 614.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
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-626.4 Q F1 .909(When the v)180 626.4 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25
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-F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 638.4
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-144 650.4 Q F1(Mark)180 650.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
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-.544(local, as with the)3.044 F F2(local)3.044 E F1 .544
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-(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882
-(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882
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-(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F
-1.749(array v)144 108 R 1.749
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-(\), one of the).15 F F0(names)144 120 Q F1 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359
-(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)
--.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213
-(only v)144 132 R 1.213(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F
-3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212
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-(])A F1 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .328
-(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
-.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q
-F1 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F1 .928(command remo)3.428
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928
-(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S
-(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 220.8 Q F1
-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q
-F2<ad6c>144 232.8 Q F1 .882
-(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .881
-(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
-244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 256.8 Q F1
-(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2<ad76>
-144 268.8 Q F1 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
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-(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F0(n)A F1
-1.565(Displays the)180 292.8 R F0(n)4.065 E F1 1.565
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2
-(dirs)4.064 E F1 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2<ad>144 316.8 Q F0
-(n)A F1 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F0(n)3.694 E F1 1.194
-(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
-F2(dirs)3.694 E F1 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .258(The return v)144
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-(lid option is supplied or).25 F F0(n)2.758 E F1(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F1([)2.5 E F2
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-(Wi)144 386.4 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
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--.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F0(jobspec)4.362 E F1 .122
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-E F1 .096(nor the)2.596 F F2<ad72>2.596 E F1 .096
-(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F0(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F1
-.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2<ad68>2.596 E F1 .096
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-145.74 410.4 Q F1 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G
-.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1
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-(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .962
-(If no)5.462 F F0(jobspec)5.202 E F1 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2
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-(jobspec)4.24 E F1(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .425(Output the)144 475.2 R F0(ar)
-2.925 E(g)-.37 E F1 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424
-(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424
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-2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>
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-(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F2
-<ad45>2.698 E F1 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F2
-(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F1 .681
-(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.181
-F F2(echo)3.18 E F1 .68(interprets an)3.18 F(y)-.15 E .94(options and e)
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-(\\f)144 619.2 Q F1(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q F1(ne)180
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-(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F0(nnn)A F1
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
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-(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1
-(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHH)
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-(\\U)144 120 Q F0(HHHHHHHH)A F1 .547
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F1(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F2(enable)108 160.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad61>A F1 2.5(][)C F2
-(\255dnps)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad66>-2.5 E F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .278
-(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278
-(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278
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-R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F2<ad6e>3.489 E F1
-.989(is used, each)3.489 F F0(name)3.489 E F1 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
-(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F0(names)3.148 E F1 .648(are enabled.)
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-(ersion, run \231enable \255n test\232.)-.15 F(The)5.012 E F2<ad66>2.512
-E F1 .012(option means to load the ne)2.512 F 2.512(wb)-.25 G(uiltin)
--2.712 E(command)144 232.8 Q F0(name)2.907 E F1 .047(from shared object)
-2.727 F F0(\214lename)4.458 E F1 2.548(,o).18 G 2.548(ns)-2.548 G .048
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-2.548 F F2(Bash)5.048 E F1(will)
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-2.811 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1
--.25(va)2.811 G .311(riable as a colon-separated list of directories).25
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-(,i)C(f)-2.764 E F0(\214lename)2.764 E F1 .264
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-(ault is system-depen-)-.1 F .83(dent, and may include \231.\232 to for\
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--5.829 E F2<ad64>3.329 E F1 .829(option will delete a)3.329 F -.2(bu)144
-280.8 S .251(iltin pre).2 F .251(viously loaded with)-.25 F F2<ad66>
-2.751 E F1 5.251(.I)C 2.751(fn)-5.251 G(o)-2.751 E F0(name)2.751 E F1
-(ar)2.751 E .251(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .251(n, or if the)
-.15 F F2<ad70>2.751 E F1 .252(option is supplied,)2.752 F 3.357(al)144
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-(Wi)5.857 G .856(th no other option ar).4 F .856
-(guments, the list consists of all enabled)-.18 F 1.874(shell b)144
-304.8 R 4.374(uiltins. If)-.2 F F2<ad6e>4.374 E F1 1.874
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-(If)6.875 E F2<ad61>4.375 E F1 1.875(is supplied, the list)4.375 F .016
-(printed includes all b)144 316.8 R .015
-(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
-(If)5.015 E F2<ad73>2.515 E F1 .015(is supplied,)2.515 F .284
-(the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 328.8 R F0(special)2.784 E F1
--.2(bu)2.784 G 2.784(iltins. If).2 F .284(no options are supplied and a)
-2.784 F F0(name)2.784 E F1 .284(is not)2.784 F 2.878(as)144 340.8 S .378
-(hell b)-2.878 F(uiltin,)-.2 E F2(enable)2.878 E F1 .378
-(will attempt to load)2.878 F F0(name)2.878 E F1 .378
-(from a shared object named)2.878 F F0(name)2.878 E F1 2.877(,a)C 2.877
-(si)-2.877 G 2.877(ft)-2.877 G .377(he com-)-2.877 F .705
-(mand were \231enable \255f)144 352.8 R F0 .705(name name)3.205 F F1
-3.205(\232. The)B .705(return v)3.205 F .705(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F
-F0(name)3.565 E F1 .706(is not a shell b)3.385 F .706(uiltin or)-.2 F
-(there is an error loading a ne)144 364.8 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G
-(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 381.6 T(l).15
-E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(The)144
-393.6 Q F0(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F1 3.171(sa)C .671
-(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
-(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478
-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15
-(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F1 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no)
--2.979 F F0(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F1(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 417.6 Q
-(guments,)-.18 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F1(returns 0.)2.5 E F2
-(exec)108 434.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255cl)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0
-(name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(command)-2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F1(]])A(If)144 446.4 Q F0(command)3.006 E F1 .306
-(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
-(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F0(ar)3.135 E
-(guments)-.37 E F1(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 458.4 R .176
-(guments to)-.18 F F0(command)2.676 E F1 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
-(he)-2.676 E F2<ad6c>2.676 E F1 .176
-(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 470.4 R .48(gument passed to)
--.18 F F0(command)3.18 E F1 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F0(lo)
-3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F1 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F2<ad63>2.98 E F1
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F0(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 482.4 Q F1 .638
-(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
-(vironment. If)-.4 F F2<ad61>3.138 E F1 .638
-(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F0(name)3.499 E F1 .639(as the)
-3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 494.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F0(command)3.777 E F1
-1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 506.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
-.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F2(execfail)3.076 E F1 .577
-(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 518.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
--.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 530.4 R F2(exec)2.787 E F1
--.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F0(command)2.987 E F1 .287
-(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak)
--2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 542.4 Q
-(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 559.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 559.2 R .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F0(n)2.596 E F1 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F0(n)2.955 E F1 .095
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 571.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
-E F1(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-F2(export)108 588 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][).833 G F0(name)-2.5
-E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(]] .)A 1.666(..)1.666 G F2(export \255p)
-108 600 Q F1 .256(The supplied)144 612 R F0(names)3.117 E F1 .257
-(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)
--.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E
-2.627(commands. If)144 624 R(the)2.627 E F2<ad66>2.627 E F1 .127
-(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F0(names)2.987 E
-F1 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F0(names)2.987 E
-F1 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>
-144 636 Q F1 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F
-.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F2
-<ad6e>2.548 E F1 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 648 S 1.447
-(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
-(rom each)-3.947 F F0(name)3.947 E F1 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
-1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F1 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 660 S .741(lue of the v).25
-F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F1(.)A F2
-(export)5.741 E F1 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
-.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 672 R F0(names)2.532 E F1 .032
-(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
-F F2<ad66>2.531 E F1 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F0(name)2.891 E F1
-(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 684 Q F2(false)108 700.8 Q F1
-(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad65>A F0(ename)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0
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-96 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(pat)A F1(=)A F0 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(cmd)
--2.5 E F1(])A .431(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144
-108 R F0<8c72>4.842 E(st)-.1 E F1(to)3.612 E F0(last)3.022 E F1 .432
-(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
-120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F0 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
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-(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 132 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F
-2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)
-144 144 R .071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071
-(When listing, a)5.071 F F0<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F1(or)2.571 E F0(last)
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-(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 156 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653
-(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F2(fc)3.153 E F1 .653
-(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 168 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
-(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F
-F0(last)2.832 E F1 .242
-(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
-.529(ing \(so that \231fc \255l \25510\232 prints the last 10 commands\
-\) and to)144 180 R F0<8c72>4.939 E(st)-.1 E F1 3.029(otherwise. If)
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-(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 192 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 208.8
-Q F2<ad6e>2.522 E F1 .022
-(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 220.8 R .438(If the)
-5.438 F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F1 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
-(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E
-F0(ename)3.025 E F1 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
-(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
-F(If)5.334 E F0(ename)3.024 E F1 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 244.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
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-256.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F0(vi)4.171 E F1 .005(is used.)4.171
-F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)
-5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 268.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 285.6
-R F0(command)3.288 E F1 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F0(pat)3.288 E F1 .788
-(is replaced by)3.288 F F0 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F1(.)A F0(Com-)5.789
-E(mand)144 297.6 Q F1 .603(is interpreted the same as)3.103 F F0<8c72>
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-(useful alias to use with this is \231r="fc \255s"\232, so that)-2.5 F
-.443(typing \231r cc\232 runs the last command be)144 309.6 R .443
-(ginning with \231cc\232 and typing \231r\232 re-e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.444(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 321.6 Q .142
-(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 338.4 R .142
-(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
-(lid option is encountered or).25 F F0<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F1(or)3.322
-E F0(last)2.732 E F1 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 350.4
-R .454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F1 .454
-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
-(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted or f).15 F .787
-(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
-.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
-(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F0(cmd)3.836 E F1 1.136
-(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 386.4 Q
-(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F1(returns f)2.5 E
-(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 403.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(jobspec)A F1(])A(Resume)
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-(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F0(jobspec)5.653 E F1
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-(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 439.2 Q
-.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F0(jobspec)145.74 451.2 Q
-F1(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F0(jobspec)4.24 E F1
-(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
-F2(getopts)108 468 Q F0(optstring name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E
-F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F2(getopts)144 480 Q F1 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F0
-(optstring)6.023 E F1 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 492 R .149
-(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 504 Q .578
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
-(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 516 R .636
-(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
-3.136 E F1 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029
-(tion in the shell v)144 528 R(ariable)-.25 E F0(name)2.889 E F1 2.529
-(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F0(name)2.889 E F1 .029(if it does not e)
-2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03
-(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066
-(ment to be processed into the v)144 540 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)
-2.566 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.566 E F1 .065
-(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885
-(shell script is in)144 552 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When).1
-F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts)3.385
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-(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F1 .566
-(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389
-(between multiple calls to)144 576 R F2(getopts)2.889 E F1 .389
-(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 588 Q
-2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 604.8 R F2(getopts)
-4.543 E F1 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 616.8 Q F1
-(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
-(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F0(name)2.5 E F1
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 633.6 Q F1 .485
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F0(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F1 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 645.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E
-F1(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 662.4 Q F1 .345
-(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
-.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F0(optstring)3.075 E F1 .345
-(is a colon,)3.065 F F0(silent)3.185 E F1 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668
-(porting is used.)144 674.4 R 1.668
-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144
-686.4 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F1 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 698.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
-F0(optstring)2.73 E F1(is not a colon.)2.72 E(If)144 715.2 Q F2(getopts)
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-(lid option, it places ? into).25 F F0(name)3.033 E F1 .173
-(and, if not silent, prints an error message)2.853 F 1.148(and unsets)
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-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(does not print a diagnostic message.)144 84 Q .602
-(If a required ar)144 100.8 R .602(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.102 E F1 .602(is not silent, it sets the v)
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-1.056(tion mark \()144 112.8 R F2(?).833 E F1 1.056(\), unsets).833 F/F3
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-1.056(and prints a diagnostic message.)3.306 F(If)6.056 E F2(getopts)
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-(lue of).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F1(to a colon \()2.5 E F2(:).833 E F1 2.5
-(\)a).833 G(nd sets)-2.5 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F1
-(to the option character found.)2.25 E F2(getopts)144 141.6 Q F1 .902
-(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
-3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 153.6 Q F2(hash)108
-170.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(\214lename)
-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1(])A
-.858(Each time)144 182.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F1 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F0(name)
-3.718 E F1 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 194.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1
-.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .342(If the)144 206.4
-R F2<ad70>2.842 E F1 .342(option is supplied,)2.842 F F2(hash)2.842 E F1
-(uses)2.842 E F0(\214lename)4.752 E F1 .342
-(as the full \214lename of the command.)3.022 F(The)5.341 E F2<ad72>
-2.841 E F1(op-)2.841 E 1.495(tion causes the shell to for)144 218.4 R
-1.496(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F 1.496(Assigning to the)6.496
-F F2 -.74(PA)3.996 G(TH)-.21 E F1 -.25(va)3.996 G 1.496(riable also).25
-F .685(clears all hashed \214lenames.)144 230.4 R(The)5.685 E F2<ad64>
-3.185 E F1 .685(option causes the shell to for)3.185 F .684
-(get the remembered location of)-.18 F(each)144 242.4 Q F0(name)3.894 E
-F1 6.394(.I)C 3.894(ft)-6.394 G(he)-3.894 E F2<ad74>3.894 E F1 1.394
-(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)3.894 F F0(name)
-3.895 E F1 1.395(corresponds is)3.895 F 3.314(printed. If)144 254.4 R
-(multiple)3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1(ar)3.314 E .814
-(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F2<ad74>3.314 E F1 3.314(,t)C(he)
--3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1 .814(is printed before the hashed)3.314 F
-.575(full pathname.)144 266.4 R(The)5.575 E F2<ad6c>3.075 E F1 .575(opt\
-ion causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as in-)
-3.075 F 3.988(put. If)144 278.4 R 1.488(no ar)3.988 F 1.488
-(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.488(n, or if only).15 F F2<ad6c>
-3.988 E F1 1.488(is supplied, information about remembered com-)3.988 F
-.012(mands is printed.)144 290.4 R(The)5.012 E F2<ad74>2.512 E F1(,)A F2
-<ad64>2.513 E F1 2.513(,a)C(nd)-2.513 E F2<ad70>2.513 E F1 .013
-(options \(the options that act on the)2.513 F F0(name)2.513 E F1(ar)
-2.513 E .013(guments\) are mu-)-.18 F .208(tually e)144 302.4 R(xclusi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.O).15 G .207(nly one will be acti)-5.207 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.I).15 G 2.707(fm)-5.207 G .207
-(ore than one is supplied,)-2.707 F F2<ad74>2.707 E F1 .207
-(has higher priority than)2.707 F F2<ad70>144 314.4 Q F1 2.608(,a)C .108
-(nd both are higher priority than)-2.608 F F2<ad64>2.608 E F1 5.108(.T)C
-.108(he return status is true unless a)-5.108 F F0(name)2.968 E F1 .108
-(is not found or an)2.788 F(in)144 326.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid option is supplied.).25 E F2(help)108 343.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-(\255dms)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(pattern)-2.5 E F1(])A .867
-(Display helpful information about b)144 355.2 R .867(uiltin commands.)
--.2 F(If)5.867 E F0(pattern)4.617 E F1 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2
-(help)3.366 E F1(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366
-E .223(help on all commands matching)144 367.2 R F0(pattern)3.973 E F1
-2.723(;o).24 G .223(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224
-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 379.2 Q F2
-<ad64>144 391.2 Q F1(Display a short description of each)180 391.2 Q F0
-(pattern)2.5 E F2<ad6d>144 403.2 Q F1(Display the description of each)
-180 403.2 Q F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
-(ormat)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 415.2 Q F1
-(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 415.2 Q F0(pattern)2.5
-E F1(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 432 Q F0
-(pattern)3.75 E F1(.).24 E F2(history [)108 448.8 Q F0(n)A F2(])A
-(history \255c)108 460.8 Q(history \255d)108 472.8 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F2(history \255d)108 484.8 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1(-)A F0(end)A F2
-(history \255anrw)108 496.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(\214lename)A F1(])A F2
-(history \255p)108 508.8 Q F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)
--.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F2(history \255s)108 520.8 Q F0(ar)
-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E
--.4(Wi)144 532.8 S .752
-(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
-.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F1(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 544.8 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
-F0(n)3.24 E F1 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F0(n)3.24 E F1 2.88
-(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
-2.881 E(MA)144 556.8 Q(T)-.855 E F1 .239
-(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.489 F F0
-(strftime)3.078 E F1 .238(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-).18 F
-1.019(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 568.8 R 6.019(.N)-.65
-G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
-(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
-(time stamp and the history line.)144 580.8 R(If)5.176 E F0(\214lename)
-2.676 E F1 .176
-(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
-.251(not, the v)144 592.8 R .251(alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1
-.251(is used.)2.501 F(If)5.251 E F0(\214lename)2.751 E F1 .251
-(is not supplied and)2.751 F F3(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1 .251
-(is unset or null, the)2.501 F F2(\255a, \255n, \255r)144 604.8 Q(,)-.92
-E F1(and)2.5 E F2<ad77>2.5 E F1(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5
-(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. Options,).25 F(if supplied, ha)2.5 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad63>144
-616.8 Q F1(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 616.8
-Q F2<ad64>144 628.8 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .39
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 640.8 R F0(of)2.889 E(fset)
--.18 E F1 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F0(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .389(is ne)
-2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)
--2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180
-652.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 664.8 Q 2.5(,a)
--.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
-(efers to the current)-2.5 E F2(history \255d)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2
-<ad64>144 676.8 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1<ad>A F0(end)A F1 1.25
-(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 688.8 R F0
-(start)3.75 E F1(and)3.75 E F0(end)3.75 E F1 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180
-700.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F0
-(start)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(end)2.5 E F1
-(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 71 71
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F1 .775
-(Append the \231ne)180 84 R .776
-(w\232 history lines to the history \214le.)-.25 F .776
-(These are history lines entered since)5.776 F(the be)180 96 Q
-(ginning of the current)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F1(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 108 Q
-F1 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\
- into the current history list.)180 108 R .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R
-.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.273 E F1(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 132 Q F2<ad72>144 144 Q F1(Read the contents of the history \
-\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F2<ad77>
-144 156 Q F1(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
-156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F2<ad70>144 168 Q F1 .626
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E F0(ar)
-3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
-2.975(output. Does)180 180 R .475
-(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F0(ar)
-2.975 E(g)-.37 E F1 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad73>144 204 Q F1 .363
-(Store the)180 204 R F0(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F0(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
-(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R .833
-(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F
-.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .168(lid option\
- is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \
-\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F0(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
-144 292.8 Q F1 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341
-(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad64>2.841 E F1 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34
-(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34
-(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>144 304.8 Q F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)
-108 321.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(jobspec)A F1 -3.332
-1.666(... ])2.5 H F2(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F0(command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
-F0(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H
-(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
-(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 357.6 Q F1
-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F2
-<ad6e>144 369.6 Q F1 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
-F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F2<ad70>
-144 393.6 Q F1(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp)
--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 405.6 Q F1
-(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F2<ad73>144 417.6 Q F1
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F0(jobspec)4.554
-E F1 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25
-(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F0(jobspec)4.24 E F1(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F2
-<ad78>2.894 E F1 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F1
-.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F0(jobspec)4.634 E F1 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F0(command)3.094 E F1(or)3.664 E F0(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .395
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(command)2.7 E F1(passing it)3.27 E F0(ar)
-2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15
-E F2(kill)108 492 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F0(sigspec)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2
-<ad6e>2.5 E F0(signum)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F0(sigspec)A F1 2.5
-(][)C F0(pid)-2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F0(jobspec)2.5 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..)
--.834 G F2(kill \255l)108 504 Q F1(|)A F2<ad4c>A F1([)2.5 E F0(sigspec)A
-F1(|)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F1(])A .017
-(Send the signal named by)144 516 R F0(sigspec)2.857 E F1(or)2.827 E F0
-(signum)2.857 E F1 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F0(pid)3.767 E
-F1(or)3.287 E F0(jobspec)4.257 E F1(.).31 E F0(sigspec)5.357 E F1(is)
-2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.318(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F1 .319
-(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F1 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F0(signum)3.268 E F1
-.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F0(sigspec)
-3.267 E F1 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F1 .427
-(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 552 R
-F2<ad6c>2.813 E F1 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
-F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F2<ad6c>2.814 E F1 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R
-.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E
-F0 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F1(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)
-144 576 R F2<ad6c>3.299 E F1 .799
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R
-(The)5.962 E F2<ad4c>3.462 E F1 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F1(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F1 .962
-(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
-E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 616.8 Q F0
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])
--1.666 E(Each)144 628.8 Q F0(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F1 .196
-(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
-(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F
-(the last)144 640.8 Q F0(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)2.72 G
-(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F1(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
-2.5 E F2(local)108 657.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(option)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)
--2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C -3.332 1.666(.. | \255 ])-.834 H
--.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)-2.542 F .042
-(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F0(name)2.902 E F1
-.042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F0(value)2.832 E F1 5.042(.T).18 G
-(he)-5.042 E F0(option)2.542 E F1 .041(can be)2.541 F(an)144 681.6 Q
-3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F
-F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F1 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E
-F1 .653(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able)144 693.6 Q F0(name)3.282 E F1 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15
-(ve a v)-.2 H .422
-(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If)
-5.421 E F0(name)2.921 E F1 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F2
-(local)3.01 E F1 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
-(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.282(ing the)144 717.6 R F2(set)
-3.782 E F1 -.2(bu)3.782 G 1.281
-(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F2(local)3.781 E F1
-1.281(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .277
-(when the function returns.)144 729.6 R .277(The restore is ef)5.277 F
-.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F2(set)2.778 E F1 .278
-(commands were e)2.778 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted to).15 F
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 72 72
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .69(restore the v)144 84 R .69
-(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69
-(th no operands,).4 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.19 E F1 .69
-(writes a list of)3.19 F .566(local v)144 96 R .566
-(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .566(It is an error to use)
-5.566 F F2(local)3.066 E F1 .566(when not within a function.)3.066 F
-(The)5.567 E .426(return status is 0 unless)144 108 R F2(local)2.926 E
-F1 .425(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F0(name)3.285 E F1 .425(is supplied, or)3.105 F F0(name)2.925 E F1
-.425(is a)2.925 F(readonly v)144 120 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108
-136.8 Q F1(Exit a login shell.)144 136.8 Q F2(map\214le)108 153.6 Q F1
-([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(count)
-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>
--2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>
--2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E
-F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F0(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E
-(ay)-.15 E F1(])A F2 -.18(re)108 165.6 S(adarray).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad64>A F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F0
-(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0
-(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)
-C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F0(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1
-(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 177.6 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F0
-(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F1 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F0(fd)4.629 E F1 1.249(if the)144 189.6
-R F2<ad75>3.749 E F1 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
-F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F1 1.249
-(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F0(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F1 6.248(.O)C
-1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 201.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 213.6 Q F1 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 213.6 R F0(delim)3.41 E F1 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
-(wline. If)-.25 F F0(delim)180 225.6 Q F1(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2
-(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad6e>144 237.6 Q F1(Cop)180 237.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
-(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F0(count)2.7 E F1 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F0(count)
-2.5 E F1(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 249.6 Q F1(Be)180
-249.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F0(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F1(at inde)2.82
-E(x)-.15 E F0(origin)2.73 E F1 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
-2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 261.6 Q F1
-(Discard the \214rst)180 261.6 Q F0(count)2.5 E F1(lines read.)2.5 E F2
-<ad74>144 273.6 Q F1(Remo)180 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
-E F0(delim)2.5 E F1(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 285.6 Q F1
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 285.6 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 297.6 Q F1(Ev)180
-297.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(each time)3.17 E F0
-(quantum)2.5 E F1(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F1
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F0(quantum)2.75 E F1(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 309.6
-Q F1(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 309.6 Q
-F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(.).67 E(If)144 326.4 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F1
-.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F1 2.967(,t)C .467
-(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F0
-(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F1 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 338.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15
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-(as additional ar)144 350.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F0(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
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-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 362.4 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 379.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2
-(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will clear)2.5 E F0(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 396 Q F1 .797
-(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
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-3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F1 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 408 S
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-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A(Remo)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092
-(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591
-(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664
-(directory listed by)144 448.8 R F2(dirs)3.164 E F1 5.664(.W)C .664
-(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(popd)3.165 E F1(remo)3.165 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and)
--3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 460.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
-5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F1 .551
-(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 472.8 R .551
-(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 484.8 Q F2(+)144 496.8 Q F0(n)A
-F1(Remo)180 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F0(n)2.64 E
-F1 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)2.64 E F1 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .777
-(from the stack.)180 508.8 R -.15(Fo)5.777 G 3.277(re).15 G .777
-(xample: \231popd +0\232 remo)-3.427 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.276(st).15 G
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-(popd +1\232 the sec-)-3.276 F(ond.)180 520.8 Q F2<ad>144 532.8 Q F0(n)A
-F1(Remo)180 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F0(n)3.759
-E F1 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26
-(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.76 E F1 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5
-(zero. F)180 544.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample: \231popd \2550\232 remo)-.15 E
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-(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144
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-(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o)
--.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 614.4 Q
-(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144
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-(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 643.2 Q F2(printf)108 660 Q F1
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-(op-)2.857 E .714(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 684
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-(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 F(output.)144 696 Q
-(The)144 712.8 Q F0(format)3.018 E F1 .517(is a character string which \
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-.704(simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, whic\
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-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-(wing additional format speci\214ers:)-.25 E F2(%b)144 120 Q F1(causes)
-180 120 Q F2(printf)2.596 E F1 .096(to e)2.596 F .096
-(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F0(ar)
-2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F1 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 132 Q(ay as)-.1
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-192 Q(e)-.1 E F2(%q)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
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-(before quoting it.)2.5 E F2(%\()144 204 Q F0(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F1
-(causes)180 216 Q F2(printf)4.404 E F1 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F0(datefmt)
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-.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693
-(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 252 R .693
-(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar)3.194
-F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 264 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
-.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71
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-(format speci\214cation and write that man)144 304.8 R 2.838(yb)-.15 G
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-(xpanded ar)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
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-316.8 Q(The %n format speci\214er accepts a corresponding ar)144 333.6 Q
-(gument that is treated as a shell v)-.18 E(ariable name.)-.25 E .393
-(The %s and %c format speci\214ers accept an l \(long\) modi\214er)144
-350.4 R 2.894(,w)-.4 G .394(hich forces them to con)-2.894 F -.15(ve)-.4
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-(gument string to a wide-character string and apply an)144 362.4 R 2.821
-(ys)-.15 G .32(upplied \214eld width and precision in terms)-2.821 F
-(of characters, not bytes.)144 374.4 Q(Ar)144 391.2 Q .463(guments to n\
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-(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 403.2
-R 1.259
-(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 415.2 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 432 Q F0(format)2.514 E F1
-.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F0(ar)2.515 E
-(guments)-.37 E F1 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F0(format)
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-444 Q F1 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566
-(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
-.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,)
--.25 F .541(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 456 R .541
-(The return v)5.541 F .541(alue is zero on success, non-zero if an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .542(lid op-).25 F
-(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 468 Q F2
-(pushd)108 484.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A F2(pushd)108 496.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad6e>A F1 2.5(][)C F0(dir)-2.5 E F1(])A .64(Adds a directory to the to\
-p of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 508.8
-R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144
-520.8 R .088(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)
--5.488 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.589 E F1 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F
-(the directory stack.)144 532.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144
-544.8 Q F1 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
-g or adding directories to the)180 544.8 R
-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 556.8 Q F2(+)144
-568.8 Q F0(n)A F1 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 568.8 R F0(n)
-3.767 E F1 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
-1.268(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 580.8 Q F1 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 592.8 Q F0(n)A F1
-.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 592.8 R F0(n)3.42 E F1 .92
-(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 604.8 Q F1 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F0(dir)144.35 616.8 Q F1(Adds)180 616.8 Q F0(dir)2.85 E F1
-(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434
-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 633.6 R F2<ad6e>2.934 E
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-(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
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-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 674.4 R F2(pushd)2.592 E F1 .093
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 686.4 Q 1.278
-(If the)144 703.2 R F2(pushd)3.778 E F1 1.278
-(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F2(dirs)3.778 E F1 1.277
-(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 715.2 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
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-(\255LP)A F1(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144
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-108 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F1 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181
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-144 120 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F1 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
-F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 144 Q F2 -.18(re)108
-160.8 S(ad).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255Eers)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0
-(aname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
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-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad4e>-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)
--.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad74>-2.5 E F0(timeout)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(])A([)108 172.8 Q F0(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .516(One lin\
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-184.8 R F0(fd)3.016 E F1 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)
--.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q F2<ad75>2.936 E F1 .436(option, split into w)
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-E F2 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F1 2.935(,a)C .435
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-(signed to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F0(name)3.235 E F1 2.876(,t).18 G
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-F1 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376
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-(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F0(name)3.096 E F1
-5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 232.8 R .874(wer w)-.25
-F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
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-(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F1 .518
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-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 256.8 R
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--.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F1 2.526(\). The)B .026
-(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F1 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489
-(be used to remo)144 268.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
-.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 280.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 292.8 Q F0(aname)2.5 E F1 1.025
-(The w)180 304.8 R 1.026
-(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F0(aname)3.856 E F1 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F
-F0(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F1(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F0(name)2.5 E F1
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 328.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E
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-(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78
-(wline. If)-.25 F F0(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 352.8 Q F1(is the empty string,)
-2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1
-(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad65>144 364.8 Q F1 1.761
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F2 -.18
-(re)4.262 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)4.262 E F2 -.18(re)4.262 G(adline).18 E F1
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-3.722(\)t).15 G 3.722(oo)-3.722 G 1.222(btain the line.)-3.722 F 1.222
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)6.222 F 1.222
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 388.8 Q
-(viously acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
--2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad45>144 400.8 Q F1 1.761
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 400.8 R F2 -.18
-(re)4.262 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)4.262 E F2 -.18(re)4.262 G(adline).18 E F1
-(\(see)4.262 E F3(READLINE)4.262 E F1(abo)180 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.722(\)t).15 G 3.722(oo)-3.722 G 1.222(btain the line.)-3.722 F 1.222
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)6.222 F 1.222
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F 1.222(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 424.8 Q .042
-(viously acti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.542(\)e).15 G .042
-(diting settings, b)-2.542 F .042(ut uses bash')-.2 F 2.542(sd)-.55 G
-(ef)-2.542 E .042(ault completion, including program-)-.1 F
-(mable completion.)180 436.8 Q F2<ad69>144 448.8 Q F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E
-F1(If)180 448.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F1 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F0(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F1 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 460.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 484.8 S(ad).18 E F1 .322
-(returns after reading)2.822 F F0(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .323
-(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 496.8 Q
-(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
-E(s)-.1 E F1(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad4e>144 508.8 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 520.8 S
-(ad).18 E F1 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F0(nc)
-3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 532.8 R F2 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F1 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 544.8
-R F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F1 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F0(nc)
-3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .608(characters are read.)180 556.8 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F1
-3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 568.8 S .67
-(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2<ad72>180 580.8 Q F1
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2<ad70>144 592.8 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F1(Display)180 604.8 Q F0(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 1.161
-(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 616.8 Q
-2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2
-<ad72>144 628.8 Q F1 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 628.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
-(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180
-640.8 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E
-.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
-180 652.8 Q F2<ad73>144 664.8 Q F1(Silent mode.)180 664.8 Q
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2
-<ad74>144 676.8 Q F0(timeout)2.5 E F1(Cause)180 688.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929
-G(ad).18 E F1 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 700.8 R F0(timeout)3.061 E
-F1(seconds.)3.061 E F0(timeout)5.561 E F1 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 712.8 Q
-(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 .506(is readin\
-g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-724.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 75 75
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .589(from re)180 84 R .589(gular \214les.)-.15 F
-(If)5.589 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1 .589
-(times out,)3.089 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
--.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable)
-.25 E F0(name)2.77 E F1 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F0(timeout)2.77 E F1 .27
-(is 0,)2.77 F F2 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F1 .27(returns immediately)2.77
-F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 108 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F
-1.225(turn EOF)180 120 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725
-F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 132 Q F2<ad75>144 144 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(Other than the case where)144 160.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E F1
-(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1(ignores an)2.5
-E 2.5(yN)-.15 G(UL characters in the input.)-2.5 E .522(If no)144 177.6
-R F0(names)3.382 E F1 .522
-(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
-189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
-(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F2 -.18
-(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F1 .96
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-201.6 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
-(signing to a readonly v)144 213.6 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad75>144 225.6 Q F1(.)A F2 -.18(re)108
-242.4 S(adonly).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E
-F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666
-(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E .77(The gi)144 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0
-(names)3.27 E F1 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
-(alues of these)-.25 F F0(names)3.63 E F1 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 266.4 R
-1.097(If the)6.097 F F2<ad66>3.597 E F1 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F0
-(names)3.596 E F1 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 278.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
-(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 290.4 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F2<ad41>3.277 E
-F1(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F0(name)
-3.636 E F1(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F1 .521
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 314.4 R(The)5.295 E F2
-<ad70>2.795 E F1(option)2.795 E .786
-(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 326.4 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-338.4 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
--3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)
-3.218 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
--5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 350.4 R F0(names)3.12 E F1 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
--.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F1 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F0(name)144.36 362.4 Q F1
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 379.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 391.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
-(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 403.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
-F2 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 415.2 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
-(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 427.2 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52
-E(UG)-.1 E F1 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 439.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 451.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .627
-(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.128 E F1(\()5.628 E
-F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 463.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F0(n)3.448 E F1 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F0(n)2.826 E F1 .326
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 487.2 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F2 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 499.2 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.881 E F1(or)3.714 E
-F2(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F1 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 511.2 R F2(RETURN)3.249 E F1 .749
-(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 523.2 Q F2
-(set)108 540 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<adad>-2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F2<ad>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G
-(])-1.666 E F2(set)108 552 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5
-(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<adad>-2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F2<ad>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5
-G(])-1.666 E F2(set \255o)108 564 Q(set +o)108 576 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 576 S
-.573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
-(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 588 R 2.613
-(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F0 1.032(posix mode)144 600 R
-F1 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)-.25
-F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 F
-.581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 612 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
-(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 G
--.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 624 R .161
-(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F2($1)2.661 E F1(,)A F2($2)144 636 Q F1 2.5
-(,.)C 1.666(..)-.834 G(,)-1.666 E F2($)2.5 E F0(n)A F1 5(.O)C
-(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 648 Q F1 1.378(Each v)184 648 R 1.377
-(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 660 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2<ad62>144 672 Q F1 .131
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 672 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 684 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 696 Q F1 .088
-(Exit immediately if a)184 696 R F0(pipeline)2.588 E F1 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F0 .087(simple command)2.587 F
-F1 .087(\), a)B F0(list)2.587 E F1 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 708 Q F0
-1.52(compound command)4.02 F F1(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)
-4.021 F F1(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521
-(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 720 R
-.079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079
-(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768
-Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 76 76
-%%BeginPageSetup
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(follo)184 84 Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)4.154 E F1(or)4.154 E F2(until)4.154 E F1 -.1(ke)
-4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
-(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.155 E F1(or)4.155 E F2(elif)4.155 E F1(reserv)
-4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
--.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2
-(&&)3.081 E F1(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F1 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 108 R
-F2(&&)3.417 E F1(or)3.417 E F2(||)3.417 E F1 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
--3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 120 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
-(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.161 E F1 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F2<ad65>3.612 E F1 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 144 R 2.678
-(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F2(ERR)2.678 E F1 2.678(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
-(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 156 R .617
-(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)
-184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F1(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
-(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q
-.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F2<ad65>3.499 E F1
-.999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 208.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body)
-.15 F .502(will be af)184 220.8 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>
-3.002 E F1 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)
--3.002 E F2<ad65>3.002 E F1 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002
-F .503(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 232.8 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G
-1.684(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F2<ad65>4.183 E F1
-1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 244.8 Q F2<ad65>3.153 E F1 .653
-(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 256.8 Q F2
-<ad66>144 268.8 Q F1(Disable pathname e)184 268.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-<ad68>144 280.8 Q F1 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-280.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F
-(abled by def)184 292.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 304.8 Q F1 .513
-(All ar)184 304.8 R .514
-(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
-F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 316.8 Q F2
-<ad6d>144 328.8 Q F1 .149(Monitor mode.)184 328.8 R .149
-(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
-.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 340.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
-(OL)-.27 E F1(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651
-(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 352.8 R
-.678(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\
-g its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 364.8 S(it status.).15 E F2<ad6e>144 376.8 Q
-F1 .652(Read commands b)184 376.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
-(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
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-E F2<ad6f>144 400.8 Q F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1(The)184 412.8 Q F0
-(option\255name)2.5 E F1(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2
-(allexport)184 424.8 Q F1(Same as)224 436.8 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(braceexpand)184 448.8 Q F1(Same as)224 460.8 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(emacs)184 472.8 Q F1 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 472.8 R 2.589
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(ignor)184 616.8 Q(eeof)-.18 E F1 .821
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--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 640.8 Q F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)
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-Q(ber)-.1 E F1(Same as)224 700.8 Q F2<ad43>2.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-<ad66>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nolog)184 108 Q F1(Currently ignored.)224 108 Q F2
-(notify)184 120 Q F1(Same as)224 120 Q F2<ad62>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nounset)
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-F1(Same as)224 144 Q F2<ad74>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(ph)184 156 Q(ysical)-.15 E
-F1(Same as)224 156 Q F2<ad50>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(pipefail)184 168 Q F1 1.03
-(If set, the return v)224 168 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F
-1.029(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 180
-R 1.136
-(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 192 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
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-2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
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-F1(Same as)224 264 Q F2<ad70>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ve)184 276 S(rbose).1 E
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-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 288 R 2.709(ace. This)
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-(prints the current shell option settings.)2.765 F(If)5.265 E F2(+o)
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-(processed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 372 R .289
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-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 396 R .379
-(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 408 R F2<ad70>2.961 E F1 .461
-(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 420 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
-(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F2<ad70>
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-.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 444 Q F2<ad72>144 456 Q F1
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 456 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F2<ad74>144 468 Q
-F1(Exit after reading and e)184 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F2<ad75>144 480 Q F1 -.35(Tr)184 480 S .662
-(eat unset v).35 F .662(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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-.348(ariables subscripted with \231@\232 or \231*\232, as an error when\
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-(ex)2.89 G .391(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391
-(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)
--2.891 F(error message, and, if not interacti)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(,e).15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F2<ad76>144 528 Q F1
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 528 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F2<ad78>144 540 Q F1 .315(After e)184 540 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F0
-.315(simple command)2.815 F F1(,)A F2 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F1
-(command,)2.815 E F2(case)2.815 E F1(command,)2.815 E F2(select)2.815 E
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-(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F1(abo)3.705 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)
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-(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 624 Q F2(>|)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
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-<ad48>144 672 Q F1(Enable)184 672 Q F2(!)3.031 E F1 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 684 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 696 Q F1 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 696 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
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-(that change the current w)184 708 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
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-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 5.506(stead. By)184 720 R(def)
-5.506 E(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)5.506 E F1(follo)5.506 E 3.005
-(ws the logical chain of directories when performing)-.25 F
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-Q(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 96 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 96
-R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)3.39
-E F2(RETURN)3.39 E F1 .89(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39
-F 1.932(substitutions, and commands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
-(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 120 Q F1
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2<adad>144 132 Q
-F1 .4(If no ar)184 132 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
-(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 144 Q
-F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
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-(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
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-(meters remain unchanged.)184 180 Q .425(The options are of)144 196.8 R
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-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
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-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
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-(])A 1.669(The positional parameters from)144 261.6 R F0(n)4.169 E F1
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-(do)2.702 E .202(wn to)-.25 F F2($#)2.702 E F1<ad>A F0(n)A F1 .202
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--.15 G(ti).05 E .502 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .201(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F2($#)2.701 E F1(.)A(If)144 285.6 Q F0(n)3.461 E F1 .601
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.341 F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1
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-E F1 .29(is greater)3.03 F(than)144 309.6 Q F2($#)2.5 E F1
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)2.5 E F2(shopt)108 326.4 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2(\255pqsu)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(optname)-2.5 E
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-(listed belo)144 350.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
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-(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
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-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
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-(tions. The)144 386.4 R F2<ad70>3.105 E F1 .605(option causes output to\
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-F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>144 470.4 Q F1
-(Restricts the v)180 470.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E F1
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-(set or unset, respecti)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
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-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 511.2 S(ult.)
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-R F0(optnames)4.044 E F1 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
-.696
-(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
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--.25 F(option.)144 552 Q(The list of)144 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F1
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-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 657.6 R
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-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 374.4 Q
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-.243(If set, patterns which f)184 432 R .243
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-E F2 -.25(fo)144 460.8 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F1 .936
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-(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-96 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F1
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-(If set,)184 283.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F1
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-(If set, allo)184 352.8 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
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-(If set, and job control is not acti)184 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566
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-(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 405.6 Q(vironment.)
--.4 E F2(lithist)144 422.4 Q F1 .654(If set, and the)184 422.4 R F2
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--3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 434.4 Q
-(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F2
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-(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
-(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 487.2 Q
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-(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F2(login_shell)144 556.8
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-(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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-184 609.6 R F2(bash)3.314 E F1 .815
-(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
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-(If set, and)184 650.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F1 .325
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 307.2 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2(pr)144 324 Q
-(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F1 2.124
-(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 336 R F2(bash)4.624
-E F1 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 348 Q 3.288(th)
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-(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 424.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2 -.18
-(re)144 441.6 S(stricted_shell).18 E F1 1.069
-(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
-184 453.6 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F1(belo)184 465.6 Q 2.86
-(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36
-(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 477.6 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5
-E F2(shift_v)144 494.4 Q(erbose)-.1 E F1 .501(If set, the)184 506.4 R F2
-(shift)3.001 E F1 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
-(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 518.4 Q F2(sour)
-144 535.2 Q(cepath)-.18 E F1 .771(If set, the)184 547.2 R F2(.)3.271 E
-F1(\()3.271 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
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-(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
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-(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424
-(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 612 Q F2
-(xpg_echo)144 628.8 Q F1 .073(If set, the)184 640.8 R F2(echo)2.574 E F1
--.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin e).2 F .074
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-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 96 R .878
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-(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786
-(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 148.8 R .785
-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
-(dence. The)144 160.8 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
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-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 208.8 Q F0 -.2
-(ex)144 220.8 S(pr1).2 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1
--.35(Tr)180 232.8 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(and)2.5
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-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 326.4 Q
-(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
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-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 374.4 Q .552
-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F1 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
-(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 386.4 Q
-(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
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-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 410.4 R .236
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
-(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 422.4 R 1.155 -.15
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-F4(,)A F1(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 434.4 R .578(xpression i\
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-(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 446.4 R(The)6.332 E F2<ad61>3.832
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-3.021 F(ar)180 482.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985
-E F1 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
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-(wise, the e)180 494.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
-506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 518.4 R .429
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
-(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.93 E F1 2.93(,t)C
-.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 530.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314
-(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
-(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744
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-(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
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-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
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-1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
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-(i\214ed by each)144 96 Q F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1
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-(displays the actions associated with each trapped signal as a set)2.665
-F(of)144 124.8 Q F2(trap)2.57 E F1 .069(commands that can be reused as \
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-E F2<ad70>2.569 E F1 .473(is gi)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .473(n, and)
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-(sigspec)3.314 E F1(or)3.284 E(,)-.4 E .364
-(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 148.8 R
-F2(trap)2.864 E F1 .363(commands that can be reused as shell)2.864 F
-.207(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 160.8 R(The)
-5.207 E F2<ad50>2.707 E F1 .207(option beha)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.707
-(ss).15 G(imilarly)-2.707 E 2.707(,b)-.65 G .208(ut displays only)-2.907
-F 1.553(the actions associated with each)144 172.8 R F0(sigspec)4.052 E
-F1(ar)4.052 E(gument.)-.18 E F2<ad50>6.552 E F1 1.552
-(requires at least one)4.052 F F0(sigspec)4.052 E F1(ar)4.052 E(gument.)
--.18 E(The)144 184.8 Q F2<ad50>2.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F2<ad70>2.727 E F1
-.227(options to)2.727 F F2(trap)2.727 E F1 .227
-(may be used in a subshell en)2.727 F .227
-(vironment \(e.g., command substitution\))-.4 F .993
-(and, as long as the)144 196.8 R 3.493(ya)-.15 G .993(re used before)
--3.493 F F2(trap)3.493 E F1 .993(is used to change a signal')3.493 F
-3.492(sh)-.55 G .992(andling, will display the)-3.492 F
-(state of its parent')144 208.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(raps.)-2.5 E(The)144
-225.6 Q F2<ad6c>3.216 E F1 .716(option causes)3.216 F F2(trap)3.216 E F1
-.716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)
-3.216 F(Each)5.717 E F0(sigspec)144.34 237.6 Q F1 .709
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.519 F F0(signal.h)A F1 .709
-(>, or a signal number)B 5.708(.S)-.55 G .708(ignal names are case)
--5.708 F(insensiti)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F1(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .091(If a)144
-266.4 R F0(sigspec)2.931 E F1(is)2.901 E F3(EXIT)2.591 E F1 .091
-(\(0\) the command)2.341 F F0(action)2.921 E F1 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e).15 F .092(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .092
-(If a)5.092 F F0(sigspec)2.932 E F1(is)2.902 E F3(DE-)2.592 E -.09(BU)
-144 278.4 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 1.245(the command)3.495
-F F0(action)4.075 E F1 1.245(is e)3.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.244
-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F0 1.244(simple command)
-3.744 F F1(,)A F0(for)3.744 E F1(command,)3.744 E F0(case)3.744 E F1
-(com-)3.744 E(mand,)144 290.4 Q F0(select)2.696 E F1 .196
-(command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic)
-2.696 F F0(for)2.697 E F1(command,)2.697 E .394
-(and before the \214rst command e)144 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .393
-(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .393(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.893 F F1
-(abo)2.643 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.893(\). Refer).15 F .833
-(to the description of the)144 314.4 R F2(extdeb)3.333 E(ug)-.2 E F1
-.833(option to the)3.333 F F2(shopt)3.333 E F1 -.2(bu)3.333 G .834
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .834(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DE-)3.334 E
--.1(BU)144 326.4 S(G).1 E F1 2.694(trap. If)2.694 F(a)2.694 E F0
-(sigspec)3.034 E F1(is)3.004 E F3(RETURN)2.694 E F4(,)A F1 .194
-(the command)2.444 F F0(action)3.024 E F1 .194(is e)2.934 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .193(cuted each time a shell function or).15 F 2.5(as)144 338.4 S
-(cript e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F2(.)2.5 E F1(or)2.5
-E F2(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .284(If a)144 355.2 R F0(sigspec)3.124 E F1(is)
-3.094 E F3(ERR)2.784 E F4(,)A F1 .284(the command)2.534 F F0(action)
-3.114 E F1 .284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.784(rap).15 G .285(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784
-F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a\
- non\255zero e)144 367.2 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451
-(the follo)144 379.2 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)
-2.951 E F1 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451
-(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 391.2 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)
-2.888 E F1(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F1 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F0(if)2.897 E F1 .387
-(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 403.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1 .778
-(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1
-3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 415.2 R
-1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
--3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
-F2(!)3.78 E F1(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 427.2 Q
-(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F1(\()2.5 E F2<ad65>A F1 2.5
-(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 444 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.569(,s).15 G .07
-(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)
--2.569 F(Interacti)144 456 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652
-(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G
-.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576
-(nored are reset to their original v)144 468 R .576
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .577
-(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 480 Q
-(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4
-G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F1(returns true.)2.5 E F2(true)108
-496.8 Q F1(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 496.8 Q F2(type)108
-513.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F1(])A F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0
-(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F0(name)
-3.034 E F1 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F2<ad74>144 537.6 Q F1 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F1
-.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F0(alias)3.545 E F1(,).27 E
-F0 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F1(,).77 E F0(function)5.185 E F1
-(,).24 E F0 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F1 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F0
-(\214le)5.125 E F1(if)3.395 E F0(name)144.36 549.6 Q F1 .378
-(is an alias, shell reserv)3.058 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .377
-(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.I)
--.65 G 2.877(ft)-5.377 G(he)-2.877 E F0(name)144.36 561.6 Q F1 .645
-(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F2(type)3.146 E F1
-.646(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .646(xit status.)-.15 F .646(If the)
-5.646 F F2<ad70>3.146 E F1(op-)3.146 E .642(tion is used,)144 573.6 R F2
-(type)3.142 E F1 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .641(ould be found by searching)
--.1 F F2($P)144 585.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(name)2.86
-E F1(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if \231type \255t n\
-ame\232 w)2.68 E .001(ould not return)-.1 F F0(\214le)145.91 597.6 Q F1
-5.259(.T).18 G(he)-5.259 E F2<ad50>2.759 E F1 .259(option forces a)2.759
-F F3 -.666(PA)2.759 G(TH)-.189 E F1 .259(search for each)2.509 F F0
-(name)2.759 E F1 2.759(,e)C -.15(ve)-3.009 G 2.759(ni).15 G 2.759<6699>
--2.759 G .259(type \255t name\232 w)-2.759 F .258(ould not return)-.1 F
-F0(\214le)145.91 609.6 Q F1 5.588(.I).18 G 3.088(fac)-5.588 G .588
-(ommand is hashed,)-3.088 F F2<ad70>3.088 E F1(and)3.088 E F2<ad50>3.088
-E F1 .588(print the hashed v)3.088 F .589
-(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le)-.25 F .034
-(that appears \214rst in)144 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)2.534 G(TH)-.189 E F4
-(.)A F1 .034(If the)4.534 F F2<ad61>2.534 E F1 .034(option is used,)
-2.534 F F2(type)2.533 E F1 .033
-(prints all of the places that contain a com-)2.533 F 1.392(mand named)
-144 633.6 R F0(name)4.252 E F1 6.392(.T).18 G 1.392
-(his includes aliases, reserv)-6.392 F 1.392(ed w)-.15 F 1.392
-(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F 1.393(uiltins, b)-.2 F 1.393(ut the path)
--.2 F .145(search options \()144 645.6 R F2<ad70>A F1(and)2.644 E F2
-<ad50>2.644 E F1 2.644(\)c)C .144
-(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-2.644 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .144
-(cutable \214les.).15 F F2(type)5.144 E F1 .144(does not)2.644 F .557
-(consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 657.6 R F2<ad61>
-3.057 E F1(with)3.057 E F2<ad70>3.058 E F1 3.058(,a)C .558
-(nd only performs a)-3.058 F F3 -.666(PA)3.058 G(TH)-.189 E F1(search)
-2.808 E(for)144 669.6 Q F0(name)2.758 E F1 5.258(.T)C(he)-5.258 E F2
-<ad66>2.758 E F1 .258
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)2.758 F F2
-(command)2.758 E F1 -.2(bu)2.758 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.258 E F1(re-)
-2.758 E(turns true if all of the ar)144 681.6 Q(guments are found, f)
--.18 E(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108
-698.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A F1(])A F2<ad61>2.5 E F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-(\255HS)A F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F1([)
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-(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G
-.244(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25
-F .944(that allo)144 108 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F1(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F1 .943
-(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208(\
-hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\
-t limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
-F1(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F1 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F0(limit)2.729 E F1 .139
-(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F1(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F1 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F1 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F0(limit)2.613 E F1 .023
-(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 180 R F2<ad48>3.485 E F1 .984
-(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
-(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 192 R
-3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 204
-Q(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 216 Q F1
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 216 Q F2<ad62>
-144 228 Q F1(The maximum sock)180 228 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)
--.25 E F2<ad63>144 240 Q F1(The maximum size of core \214les created)180
-240 Q F2<ad64>144 252 Q F1(The maximum size of a process')180 252 Q 2.5
-(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 264 Q F1
-(The maximum scheduling priority \(\231nice\232\).)180 264 Q F2<ad66>144
-276 Q F1
-(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-276 Q F2<ad69>144 288 Q F1(The maximum number of pending signals)180 288
-Q F2<ad6b>144 300 Q F1
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 300 Q F2<ad6c>
-144 312 Q F1(The maximum size that may be lock)180 312 Q(ed into memory)
--.1 E F2<ad6d>144 324 Q F1(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 324 Q
-2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 336 Q
-F1 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\
- not allo)180 336 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 348 Q F2<ad70>144 360 Q F1
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 360 Q F2
-<ad71>144 372 Q F1(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-180 372 Q F2<ad72>144 384 Q F1
-(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 384 Q F2<ad73>144 396 Q
-F1(The maximum stack size)180 396 Q F2<ad74>144 408 Q F1
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 408 Q F2<ad75>144 420 Q
-F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 420 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 432 Q F1 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 432 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 444
-Q F2<ad78>144 456 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 456 Q F2
-<ad50>144 468 Q F1(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 468 Q F2
-<ad52>144 480 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
-blocking, in microseconds)180 480 Q F2<ad54>144 492 Q F1
-(The maximum number of threads)180 492 Q(If)144 508.8 Q F0(limit)3.058 E
-F1 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>2.968
-E F1 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F0(limit)2.968 E F1 .468
-(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 520.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>
-2.544 E F1 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F2
-<ad74>2.545 E F1 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-532.8 R F2<ad52>3.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
-F2<ad70>3.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
--3.17 F F2<ad50>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad54>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad62>3.17 E F1(,)
-A F2<ad6b>144 544.8 Q F1(,)A F2<ad6e>3.736 E F1 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
-F2<ad75>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F2<ad63>3.736 E F1(and)3.736 E
-F2<ad66>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 556.8 R .238
-(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
-(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 568.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F2(umask)108 585.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F0(mode)-2.5 E F1(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 597.6 R F0(mode)3.06 E F1
-5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F0(mode)3.06 E F1(be)2.86 E .18
-(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
-therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 609.6 R F0 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F1(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-621.6 Q F0(mode)3.262 E F1 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F1 .382
-(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 633.6 R .547
-(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F1 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F0
-(mode)144.38 645.6 Q F1 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 657.6 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F0(mode)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2
-(unalias)108 674.4 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1
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-.15 E F0(name)3.258 E F1 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258
-F(If)5.758 E F2<ad61>3.258 E F1 .757
-(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 698.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F0(name)2.86 E F1
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E
-F2(fv)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666
-(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.15(Fo)144 96 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F0
-(name)4.163 E F1 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
-1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F2<ad76>3.804 E F1 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F0(name)144.36 108 Q F1 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 120 R F2
-<ad66>2.768 E F1 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F0(name)3.129 E F1
-.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 132 R F2<ad6e>2.904 E F1
-.404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F0(name)2.904 E F1 .404(is a v)
-2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F0(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F1
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F0(name)2.904 E F1 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 144 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F2
-<ad6e>5.719 E F1 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F2<ad66>
-3.22 E F1 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 156 R F0(name)3.237 E F1 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-168 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
-1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672(yo)
--.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E
-/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3
--.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_COMMAND).27
-E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482
-G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3
-(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)144 204 Q
-(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.67 E(AME)
--.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A
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-(,)A F1(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F1 1.779(are unset, the)4.029 F
-4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G 1.78
-(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 228 Q(The e)5 E
-(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F0(name)2.86 E F1
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F2(wait)108 244.8 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0
-(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 256.8 S .659(it for\
- each speci\214ed child process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.659 E F0(id)3.169 E F1 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 268.8 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
-(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F0(id)144.01 280.8 Q F1 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F2(wait)2.942 E F1 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
-(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 292.8 R F2($!)3.098 E F1
-3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
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-EP
-%%Trailer
-end
-%%EOF
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025).
-This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024,
+This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.3.
-Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
<h1 class="top" id="Bash-Features-1"><span>Bash Features<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bash-Features-1"> ¶</a></span></h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025).
The Bash home page is <a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024,
+<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025,
of <cite class="cite">The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code class="code">Bash</code>, Version 5.3.
</p>
<dd><p>The syntax of the <code class="code">for</code> command is:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">for <var class="var">name</var> [ [in [<var class="var">words</var> ...] ] ; ] do <var class="var">commands</var>; done
+<pre class="example-preformatted">for <var class="var">name</var> [ [in <var class="var">words</var> ...] ; ] do <var class="var">commands</var>; done
</pre></div>
<p>Expand <var class="var">words</var> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Expansions">Shell Expansions</a>), and then
If there are no items in the expansion of <var class="var">words</var>, no commands are
executed, and the return status is zero.
</p>
-<p>An alternate form of the <code class="code">for</code> command is also supported:
+<p>There is an alternate form of the <code class="code">for</code> command which is similar to the
+C language:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">for (( <var class="var">expr1</var> ; <var class="var">expr2</var> ; <var class="var">expr3</var> )) ; do <var class="var">commands</var> ; done
+<pre class="example-preformatted">for (( <var class="var">expr1</var> ; <var class="var">expr2</var> ; <var class="var">expr3</var> )) [;] do <var class="var">commands</var> ; done
</pre></div>
<p>First, evaluate the arithmetic expression <var class="var">expr1</var> according
described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>).
The <var class="var">expression</var> undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in <var class="var">expression</var> are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in <var class="var">expression</var> are not treated
+specially and are removed.
+Since this can potentially result in empty strings,
+this command treats those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
otherwise the return status is 1.
</p>
Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
scope becomes visible.
If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a
-variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible
+variable with that name that had been shadowed becomes visible
(see below how the <code class="code">localvar_unset</code> shell option changes this behavior).
</p>
<p>The <samp class="option">-f</samp> option to the <code class="code">declare</code> (<code class="code">typeset</code>)
Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the <code class="code">unset</code> builtin command.
</p>
-<p>A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+<p>A variable is assigned to using a statement of the form
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">name</var>=[<var class="var">value</var>]
</pre></div>
</pre></div>
<p>In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>),
-the ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to or adds to
+to a shell variable or array index (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>), the
+‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to or adds to
the variable’s previous value.
This includes arguments to declaration commands such as
-<code class="code">declare</code> that accept assignment statements.
-When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ is applied to a variable
-for which the <code class="code">integer</code> attribute has been set,
+<code class="code">declare</code>
+that accept assignment statements.
+When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
+is applied to a variable for which the
+<code class="code">integer</code> attribute has been set,
the variable’s current value and <var class="var">value</var> are each evaluated as
arithmetic expressions,
and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable’s value.
The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an expression.
-When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>), the
-variable’s value is not unset (as it is when using ‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’), and new
-values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array’s
-maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
-in an associative array.
+When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
+is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>),
+the variable’s value is not unset
+(as it is when using ‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’),
+and new values are appended to the array
+beginning at one greater than the array’s maximum index (for indexed arrays),
+or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
When applied to a string-valued variable, <var class="var">value</var> is expanded and
appended to the variable’s value.
</p>
Otherwise, if <code class="code">unset</code> is executed with the name of a nameref variable
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
</p>
+<p>When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name,
+as described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Environment">Environment</a>).
+</p>
<ul class="mini-toc">
<li><a href="#Positional-Parameters" accesskey="1">Positional Parameters</a></li>
<li><a href="#Special-Parameters" accesskey="2">Special Parameters</a></li>
<em class="dfn">filename expansion</em> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Filename-Expansion">Filename Expansion</a>),
but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional <var class="var">preamble</var>,
-followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
-between a pair of braces,
-followed by an optional <var class="var">postscript</var>.
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
-the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
-to right.
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional
+<var class="var">postscript</var>.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces,
+and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string,
+expanding left to right.
</p>
<p>Brace expansions may be nested.
The results of each expanded string are not sorted;
ade ace abe
</pre></div>
-<p>A sequence expression takes the form <code class="code">{<var class="var">x</var>..<var class="var">y</var>[..<var class="var">incr</var>]}</code>,
+<p>A sequence expression takes the form
+<code class="code"><var class="var">x</var>..<var class="var">y</var>[..<var class="var">incr</var>]</code>,
where <var class="var">x</var> and <var class="var">y</var> are either integers or letters,
and <var class="var">incr</var>, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
zero-padding where necessary.
When letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between <var class="var">x</var> and <var class="var">y</var>, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
+using the C locale.
Note that both <var class="var">x</var> and <var class="var">y</var> must be of the same type
(integer or letter).
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
sequence expression.
Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
</p>
-<p>A { or ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+<p>A ‘<samp class="samp">{</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’
+may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
being considered part of a brace expression.
To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string ‘<samp class="samp">${</samp>’
is not considered eligible for brace expansion,
-and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘<samp class="samp">}</samp>’.
+and inhibits brace expansion until the closing
+‘<samp class="samp">}</samp>’.
</p>
<p>This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
<pre class="example-preformatted">chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
</pre></div>
+<p>Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
+historical versions of
+<code class="command">sh</code>.
+<code class="command">sh</code>
+does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
+appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+Bash
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion.
+For example, a word entered to
+<code class="command">sh</code>
+as
+‘<samp class="samp">file{1,2}</samp>’
+appears identically in the output.
+Bash
+outputs that word as
+‘<samp class="samp">file1 file2</samp>’
+after brace expansion.
+Start
+Bash
+with the
+<samp class="option">+B</samp>
+option or disable brace expansion with the
+<samp class="option">+B</samp>
+option to the
+<code class="code">set</code>
+command
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Builtin-Commands">Shell Builtin Commands</a>)
+for strict
+<code class="command">sh</code>
+compatibility.
+</p>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Tilde-Expansion">
$ : ${var=DEFAULT}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
+$ var=
+$ : ${var=DEFAULT}
+$ echo $var
+
$ var=
$ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
+$ unset var
+$ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
+$ echo $var
+DEFAULT
</pre></div>
</dd>
<pre class="example-preformatted">$ var=
$ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
bash: var: var is unset or null
+$ echo ${var?var is unset}
+
+$ unset var
+$ : ${var?var is unset}
+bash: var: var is unset
+$ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
+bash: var: var is unset or null
+$ var=123
+$ echo ${var:?var is unset or null}
+123
</pre></div>
</dd>
<pre class="example-preformatted">$ var=123
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
var is set and not null
+$ echo ${var+var is set}
+var is set
$ var=
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+$ echo ${var+var is set}
+var is set
+$ unset var
+$ echo ${var+var is set}
+
+$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+
$
</pre></div>
If <var class="var">parameter</var> is ‘<samp class="samp">@</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">*</samp>’, an indexed array subscripted by
‘<samp class="samp">@</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">*</samp>’, or an associative array name, the results differ as
described below.
-If <var class="var">length</var> is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of
+If :<var class="var">length</var> is omitted (the first form above), this
+expands to the substring of the value of
<var class="var">parameter</var> starting at the character specified by <var class="var">offset</var>
and extending to the end of the value.
+If <var class="var">offset</var> is omitted,
+it is treated as 0.
+If <var class="var">length</var> is omitted,
+but the colon after <var class="var">offset</var> is present,
+it is treated as 0.
<var class="var">length</var> and <var class="var">offset</var> are arithmetic expressions
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>).
</p>
<dt><code class="code">${<var class="var">parameter</var>//<var class="var">pattern</var>/<var class="var">string</var>}</code></dt>
<dt><code class="code">${<var class="var">parameter</var>/#<var class="var">pattern</var>/<var class="var">string</var>}</code></dt>
<dt><code class="code">${<var class="var">parameter</var>/%<var class="var">pattern</var>/<var class="var">string</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The <var class="var">pattern</var> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion and matched
-against the expanded value of <var class="var">parameter</var>
-according to the rules
-described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>).
+<dd><p>The <var class="var">pattern</var> is expanded to produce a pattern
+and matched against the expanded value of <var class="var">parameter</var>
+as described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>).
The longest match of <var class="var">pattern</var>
in the expanded value is replaced with <var class="var">string</var>.
<var class="var">string</var> undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
<dt><code class="code">${<var class="var">parameter</var>,<var class="var">pattern</var>}</code></dt>
<dt><code class="code">${<var class="var">parameter</var>,,<var class="var">pattern</var>}</code></dt>
<dd><p>This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <var class="var">parameter</var>.
-The <var class="var">pattern</var> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of <var class="var">parameter</var> is tested against
-<var class="var">pattern</var>, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+First, the <var class="var">pattern</var> is expanded to produce a pattern
+as described below in <a class="ref" href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>.
+</p>
+<p><code class="code">Bash</code>
+then examines characters in the expanded value of <var class="var">parameter</var>
+against <var class="var">pattern</var> as described below.
+If a character matches the pattern, its case is converted.
The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
</p>
-<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’ operator converts lowercase letters matching <var class="var">pattern</var>
-to uppercase; the ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’ operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The ‘<samp class="samp">^^</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">,,</samp>’ expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the ‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’ expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
+<p>Using
+‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’
+converts lowercase letters matching <var class="var">pattern</var> to uppercase;
+‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’
+converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
+The
+‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’ variants
+examine the first character in the expanded value
+and convert its case if it matches <var class="var">pattern</var>;
+the
+‘<samp class="samp">^^</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">,,</samp>’ variants
+examine all characters in the expanded value
+and convert each one that matches <var class="var">pattern</var>.
If <var class="var">pattern</var> is omitted, it is treated like a ‘<samp class="samp">?</samp>’, which matches
every character.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expansion_002c-arithmetic"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arithmetic-expansion"></a>
-<p>Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression
+<p>Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression
and substitutes the result.
The format for arithmetic expansion is:
</p>
<p>The <var class="var">expression</var> undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in <var class="var">expression</var> are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in <var class="var">expression</var> are not treated
+specially and are removed.
All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal.
The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+Since the way Bash handles double quotes
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expansion treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
</p>
<p>The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
expansion.
</p>
-<p>If the <code class="code">>(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, writing to
-the file provides input for <var class="var">list</var>.
+<p>If the
+<code class="code">>(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, writing to the file
+provides input for <var class="var">list</var>.
If the
<code class="code"><(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, reading the file
obtains the output of <var class="var">list</var>.
<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp>
are always ignored when <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
is set and not null.
-However, setting <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code> to a non-null value has the effect of
-enabling the <code class="code">dotglob</code>
+However, setting <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
+to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
+<code class="code">dotglob</code>
shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’
match.
To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
-‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’, make ‘<samp class="samp">.*</samp>’ one of the patterns in <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>.
+‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’,
+make ‘<samp class="samp">.*</samp>’ one of the patterns in <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>.
The <code class="code">dotglob</code> option is disabled when <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
is unset.
The <code class="code">GLOBIGNORE</code>
pattern matching honors the setting of the <code class="code">extglob</code> shell
option.
</p>
-<p>After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the value of the
-<code class="env">GLOBSORT</code> shell
-variable controls how the results are sorted, as described
-below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a>).
+<p>The value of the
+<code class="env">GLOBSORT</code>
+shell variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted,
+
as described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a>).
</p>
<ul class="mini-toc">
<li><a href="#Pattern-Matching" accesskey="1">Pattern Matching</a></li>
<p>Within a bracket expression, <em class="dfn">character classes</em> can be specified
using the syntax
<code class="code">[:</code><var class="var">class</var><code class="code">:]</code>, where <var class="var">class</var> is one of the
-following classes defined in the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard:
+following classes defined in the
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+standard:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
print punct space upper word xdigit
<code class="code">noclobber</code>
option to the
<code class="code">set</code>
-builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
+builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
whose name results from the expansion of <var class="var">word</var> exists and is
a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">>|</samp>’, or the redirection operator is
-‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’ and the <code class="code">noclobber</code> option is not enabled,
-Bash attemps the redirection
+If the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">>|</samp>’,
+or the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’ and
+the <code class="code">noclobber</code> option to the <code class="code">set</code>
+builtin is not enabled,
+Bash attempts the redirection
even if the file named by <var class="var">word</var> exists.
</p>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Appending-Redirected-Output">
<h4 class="subsection"><span>3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output<a class="copiable-link" href="#Appending-Redirected-Output"> ¶</a></span></h4>
<p>Redirecting output in this fashion opens
-the file whose name results from the expansion of <var class="var">word</var>
+the file whose name results from the expansion of
+<var class="var">word</var>
for appending on file descriptor <var class="var">n</var>,
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <var class="var">n</var>
is not specified.
</p>
<p>The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that look like primaries.
-The <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard has deprecated the <samp class="option">-a</samp> and <samp class="option">-o</samp>
+The
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+standard has deprecated the <samp class="option">-a</samp> and <samp class="option">-o</samp>
primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
Scripts should no longer use them.
It’s much more reliable to restrict test invocations to a single primary,
shell receives any of the signals <var class="var">sigspec</var>.
If <var class="var">action</var> is absent (and
there is a single <var class="var">sigspec</var>) or
-equal to ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, each specified <var class="var">sigspec</var>’ss disposition is reset
+equal to ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, each specified <var class="var">sigspec</var>’s disposition is reset
to the value it had when the shell was started.
If <var class="var">action</var> is the null string, then the signal specified by
each <var class="var">sigspec</var> is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
non-zero exit status,
subject to the following conditions.
The <code class="code">ERR</code> trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
-command list immediately following an <code class="code">until</code> or <code class="code">while</code> keyword,
+command list immediately following an
+<code class="code">until</code> or <code class="code">while</code> reserved word,
part of the test following the <code class="code">if</code> or <code class="code">elif</code> reserved words,
part of a command executed in a <code class="code">&&</code> or <code class="code">||</code> list
except the command following the final <code class="code">&&</code> or <code class="code">||</code>,
Readline does not expand the command string before saving it.
Since the entire key binding expression must be a single argument, it
should be enclosed in single quotes.
-When <var class="var">shell-command</var> is executed, the shell sets thex
+When <var class="var">shell-command</var> is executed, the shell sets the
<code class="code">READLINE_LINE</code> variable to the contents of the Readline line
buffer
and the
The <samp class="option">-a</samp> option means to list
each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
The <samp class="option">-s</samp> option means to
-restrict <code class="code">enable</code> to the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> special builtins.
+restrict <code class="code">enable</code> to the
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+special builtins.
</p>
<p>The <samp class="option">-f</samp> option means to load the new builtin command <var class="var">name</var>
from shared object <var class="var">filename</var>, on systems that support dynamic loading.
The default for <code class="env">BASH_LOADABLES_PATH</code> is system-dependent,
and may include "." to force a search of the current directory.
The <samp class="option">-d</samp> option will delete a builtin loaded with <samp class="option">-f</samp>.
-If <samp class="option">-s</samp> is used with <samp class="option">-f</samp>, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (see <a class="pxref" href="#Special-Builtins">Special Builtins</a>).
+If <samp class="option">-s</samp> is used with <samp class="option">-f</samp>, the new builtin becomes a
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+special builtin (see <a class="pxref" href="#Special-Builtins">Special Builtins</a>).
</p>
<p>If no options are supplied and a <var class="var">name</var> is not a shell builtin,
<code class="code">enable</code> will attempt to load <var class="var">name</var> from a shared object named
<p>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If <var class="var">pattern</var> is specified, <code class="code">help</code> gives detailed help
-on all commands matching <var class="var">pattern</var>, otherwise it displays
-a list of all builtins and shell compound commands.
+on all commands matching <var class="var">pattern</var>
+as described below;
+otherwise it displays a list of
+all builtins and shell compound commands.
</p>
<p>Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</p>
</p></dd>
</dl>
+<p>If <var class="var">pattern</var> contains pattern matching characters
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>)
+it’s treated as a shell pattern and
+<code class="code">help</code> prints the description of each
+help topic matching <var class="var">pattern</var>.
+</p>
+<p>If not, and <var class="var">pattern</var> exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+<code class="code">help</code> prints the description
+associated with that topic.
+Otherwise, <code class="code">help</code> performs prefix matching and
+prints the descriptions of all matching help topics.
+</p>
<p>The return status is zero unless no command matches <var class="var">pattern</var>.
</p>
</dd>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">-q</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The maximum number of bytes in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> message queues.
+<dd><p>The maximum number of bytes in
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+message queues.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">-r</code></dt>
<samp class="option">-b</samp>,
<samp class="option">-k</samp>,
<samp class="option">-n</samp> and <samp class="option">-u</samp>, which are unscaled values;
-and, when in <small class="sc">POSIX</small>
Mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>),
+and, when in <small class="sc">POSIX</small>
mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>),
<samp class="option">-c</samp> and <samp class="option">-f</samp>, which are in 512-byte increments.
</p>
<p>The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
or a compound command (see <a class="pxref" href="#Compound-Commands">Compound Commands</a>)
returns a non-zero status.
The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
-command list immediately following a <code class="code">while</code> or <code class="code">until</code> keyword,
+command list immediately following a
+<code class="code">while</code> or <code class="code">until</code> reserved word,
part of the test in an <code class="code">if</code> statement,
part of any command executed in a <code class="code">&&</code> or <code class="code">||</code> list except
the command following the final <code class="code">&&</code> or <code class="code">||</code>,
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">posix</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+<dd><p>Enable <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode;
+change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard to match the standard
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is readonly.
</p>
</dd>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-CHILD_005fMAX"></a><span><code class="code">CHILD_MAX</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-CHILD_005fMAX"> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a <small class="sc">POSIX</small>-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
+Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>-mandated minimum,
+and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not exceed.
The minimum value is system-dependent.
</p>
</dd>
<dd><p>Expanded and executed similarly to <code class="code">BASH_ENV</code>
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Startup-Files">Bash Startup Files</a>)
when an interactive shell is invoked in
-<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
Mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-EPOCHREALTIME"></a><span><code class="code">EPOCHREALTIME</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-EPOCHREALTIME"> ¶</a></span></dt>
The first character is the <em class="dfn">history expansion</em> character,
the character which begins a history expansion, normally
‘<samp class="samp">!</samp>’.
-The second character is the “quick substitution” character, normally
+The second character is the
+<em class="dfn">quick substitution</em>
+character, normally
‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’.
When it appears as the first character on the line,
history substitution repeats the previous command,
replacing one string with another.
-The optional third character is the character which indicates that
-the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
-of a word, usually ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’.
+The optional third character is the
+<em class="dfn">history comment</em>
+character, normally ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’,
+which indicates
+that the remainder of the line is a comment
+when it appears as the first character of a word.
The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fARGUMENT"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_ARGUMENT</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fARGUMENT"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Any numeric argument given to a Readline command that was defined using
+<dd><p>Any numeric argument given to a Readline
+command that was defined using
‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>
when it was invoked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fLINE"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_LINE</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fLINE"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
-with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
+<dd><p>The contents of the Readline
+line buffer, for use with
+‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fMARK"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_MARK</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fMARK"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>The position of the <em class="dfn">mark</em> (saved insertion point) in the
-Readline line buffer, for use
+<dd><p>The position of the <em class="dfn">mark</em> (saved insertion point) in the Readline
+line buffer, for use
with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
called the <em class="dfn">region</em>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fPOINT"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_POINT</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fPOINT"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
-with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
+<dd><p>The position of the insertion point in the Readline
+line buffer, for use with
+‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-REPLY"></a><span><code class="code">REPLY</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-REPLY"> ¶</a></span></dt>
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is readonly.
</p>
</dd>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">--posix</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard to match the standard.
+<dd><p>Enable <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode;
+change the behavior of Bash
+where the default operation differs from the
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+standard to match the standard.
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
See <a class="xref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>, for a description of the Bash <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode.
</dl>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-login-shell"></a>
-<p>A <em class="emph">login</em> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
+<p>A <em class="dfn">login shell</em> is one whose first character of argument zero is
‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, or one invoked with the <samp class="option">--login</samp> option.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interactive-shell"></a>
-<p>An <em class="emph">interactive</em> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
-unless <samp class="option">-s</samp> is specified, without specifying the <samp class="option">-c</samp> option,
-and whose input and output (using the standard error) are both
-connected to terminals (as determined by <code class="code">isatty(3)</code>), or one
-started with the <samp class="option">-i</samp> option.
+<p>An <em class="dfn">interactive shell</em> is one started without non-option arguments,
+unless <samp class="option">-s</samp> is specified,
+without specifying the <samp class="option">-c</samp> option,
+and whose standard input and standard error are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by
+<i class="i">isatty(3)</i>),
+or one started with the <samp class="option">-i</samp> option.
See <a class="xref" href="#Interactive-Shells">Interactive Shells</a>, for more information.
</p>
<p>If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
<samp class="option">-c</samp> nor the <samp class="option">-s</samp>
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-
be the name of a file containing shell commands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Scripts">Shell Scripts</a>).
+option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as
+the name of a file containing shell commands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Scripts">Shell Scripts</a>).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <code class="code">$0</code>
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
are set to the remaining arguments.
Bash’s exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
in the script.
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+Bash
+first attempts to open the file in the current directory,
+and, if no file is found, searches the directories in
+<code class="env">PATH</code>
+for the script.
</p>
<hr>
</div>
filename.
</p>
<p>As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
-<samp class="option">--login</samp> option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
+<samp class="option">--login</samp> option,
+Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
login shell startup files.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-with-name-sh"><span>Invoked with name <code class="code">sh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-with-name-sh"> ¶</a></span></h4>
-<p>If Bash is invoked with the name <code class="code">sh</code>, it tries to mimic the
-startup behavior of historical versions of <code class="code">sh</code> as closely as
-possible, while conforming to the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard as well.
+<p>If Bash is invoked with the name <code class="command">sh</code>,
+it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
+<code class="command">sh</code> as closely as possible,
+while conforming to the
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+standard as well.
</p>
<p>When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
shell with the <samp class="option">--login</samp> option, it first attempts to read
-and execute commands from <samp class="file">/etc/profile</samp> and <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>, in
-that order.
+and execute commands from
+<samp class="file">/etc/profile</samp> and <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>,
+in that order.
The <samp class="option">--noprofile</samp> option inhibits this behavior.
</p>
-<p>When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash
-looks for the variable <code class="env">ENV</code>, expands its value if it is defined,
-and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
-Since a shell invoked as <code class="code">sh</code> does not attempt to read and execute
-commands from any other startup files, the <samp class="option">--rcfile</samp> option has
-no effect.
+<p>When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <code class="command">sh</code>, Bash
+looks for the variable <code class="env">ENV</code>,
+expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as <code class="command">sh</code>
+does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
+files, the
+<samp class="option">--rcfile</samp>
+option has no effect.
</p>
-<p>A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <code class="code">sh</code> does not attempt
-to read any other startup files.
+<p>A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <code class="command">sh</code>
+does not attempt to read any other startup files.
</p>
-<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading
+<p>When invoked as <code class="command">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading
the startup files.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-in-posix-mode"><span>Invoked in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-in-posix-mode"> ¶</a></span></h4>
<p>When Bash is started in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, as with the
-<samp class="option">--posix</samp> command line option, it follows the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard
-for startup files.
+<samp class="option">--posix</samp> command line option, it follows the
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+standard for startup files.
In this mode, interactive shells expand the <code class="env">ENV</code> variable
and read and execute commands from the file whose name is the
expanded value.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-by-remote-shell-daemon"><span>Invoked by remote shell daemon<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-by-remote-shell-daemon"> ¶</a></span></h4>
-<p>Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+<p>Bash
+attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
connected to a network connection, as when executed by
the historical and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually <code class="code">rshd</code>,
or the secure shell daemon <code class="code">sshd</code>.
-If Bash
+If
+Bash
determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion,
-it reads and executes commands from <samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>, if that
-file exists and is readable.
+it reads and executes commands from
+<samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>,
+if that file exists and is readable.
Bash does not read this file if invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>.
The
<samp class="option">--norc</samp>
When used with the <code class="code">[[</code> command, this performs pattern matching as
described above (see <a class="pxref" href="#Conditional-Constructs">Conditional Constructs</a>).
</p>
-<p>‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’ should be used with the <code class="code">test</code> command for <small class="sc">POSIX</small> conformance.
+<p>‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’ should be used with the <code class="code">test</code> command for
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+conformance.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code"><var class="var">string1</var> != <var class="var">string2</var></code></dt>
may be positive or negative integers.
When used with the <code class="code">[[</code> command, <var class="var">arg1</var> and <var class="var">arg2</var>
are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>).
+Since the expansions the <code class="code">[[</code> command performs on
+<var class="var">arg1</var> and <var class="var">arg2</var>
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expression evaluation treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
-that must expand to an integer (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>)) and are zero-based;
+that must expand to an integer (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>))
+and are zero-based;
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
</p>
-<p>An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax
+<p>The shell performs
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on indexed array subscripts.
+Since this
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+</p>
+<p>The shell performs
+tilde expansion,
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on associative array subscripts.
+Empty strings cannot be used as associative array keys.
+</p>
+<p>Bash automatically creates an indexed array
+if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">name</var>[<var class="var">subscript</var>]=<var class="var">value</var>
</pre></div>
<p>The <var class="var">subscript</var>
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
greater than or equal to zero.
-To explicitly declare an array, use
+To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">declare -a <var class="var">name</var>
</pre></div>
<pre class="example-preformatted">declare -A <var class="var">name</var>
</pre></div>
-<p>Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the <code class="code">declare</code> and
-<code class="code">readonly</code> builtins.
+<p>Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
+<code class="code">declare</code> and <code class="code">readonly</code> builtins.
Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
</p>
<p>Arrays are assigned using compound assignments of the form
<var class="var">name</var>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
</p>
-<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to an array variable when assigning
-using the compound assignment syntax; see <a class="ref" href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a> above.
+<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
+operator appends to an array variable when assigning
+using the compound assignment syntax; see
+<a class="ref" href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a> above.
</p>
<p>An array element is referenced using
<code class="code">${<var class="var">name</var>[<var class="var">subscript</var>]}</code>.
<h4 class="subsection"><span>6.11.1 What is POSIX?<a class="copiable-link" href="#What-is-POSIX_003f"> ¶</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-POSIX-description"></a>
-<p><small class="sc">POSIX</small> is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
+<p><small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
A number of Unix services, tools, and functions are part of the standard,
ranging from the basic system calls and C library functions to common
applications and tools to system administration and management.
shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
being part of the shell; examples of these are <code class="code">eval</code> and
<code class="code">export</code>.
-Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
+Other utilities appear in the sections of <small class="sc">POSIX</small> not
devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
be) implemented as builtin commands, such as
<code class="code">read</code> and <code class="code">test</code>.
-POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell’s interactive
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small> also specifies aspects of the shell’s interactive
behavior, including job control and command
line editing.
Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized;
specification, there are areas where the Bash default behavior
differs from the specification.
The Bash <em class="dfn">posix mode</em> changes the Bash
-behavior in these areas so that it conforms more closely
+behavior in these areas so that it conforms more strictly
to the standard.
</p>
<p>Starting Bash with the <samp class="option">--posix</samp> command-line option or executing
<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading the
startup files.
</p>
-<p>The following list is what’s changed when ‘<small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode’ is in effect:
+<p>The following list is what’s changed when <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode is in effect:
</p>
<ol class="enumerate">
<li> Bash ensures that the <code class="env">POSIXLY_CORRECT</code> variable is set.
double-quoted string, even if the <code class="code">histexpand</code> option is enabled.
</li><li> When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by <code class="code">type</code>), Bash does
-not print the <code class="code">function</code> keyword unless necessary.
+not print the <code class="code">function</code> reserved word unless necessary.
</li><li> Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
results in an invalid expression.
</li><li> The <code class="code">kill</code> builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘<samp class="samp">SIG</samp>’
prefix.
+</li><li> The <code class="code">kill</code> builtin returns a failure status if any of the pid or job
+arguments are invalid or if sending the specified signal to any of them
+fails.
+In default mode, <code class="code">kill</code> returns success if the signal was
+successfully sent to any of the specified processes.
+
</li><li> The <code class="code">printf</code> builtin uses <code class="code">double</code> (via <code class="code">strtod</code>) to convert
arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, instead of
<code class="code">long double</code> if it’s available.
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">compat41</code></dt>
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
-<li>In posix mode, <code class="code">time</code> may be followed by options and still be
-recognized as a reserved word (this is <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 267).
-</li><li>In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
+<li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, <code class="code">time</code> may be followed by options and still be
+recognized as a reserved word (this is
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+interpretation 267).
+</li><li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
quotes occur in the <var class="var">word</var> portion of a double-quoted ${…}
parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within
the single quotes are considered quoted
-(this is <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 221).
+(this is
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+interpretation 221).
</li></ul>
</dd>
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li>The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution does not
undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after bash-4.2.
-</li><li>In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
+</li><li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
the <var class="var">word</var> portion of a double-quoted ${…} parameter expansion
and can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character
-(this is part of <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 221);
+(this is part of
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
+interpretation 221);
in later versions, single quotes
are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
</li></ul>
<dt><code class="code">compat43</code></dt>
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li>Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that cause the
-current command to fail, even in posix mode
+current command to fail, even in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode
(the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell
to exit).
</li><li>When executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.)
Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit.
</li><li>Variable assignments preceding builtins like <code class="code">export</code> and <code class="code">readonly</code>
that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same
-name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix
+name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in
+<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
mode.
</li></ul>
each process has a <em class="dfn">process group <small class="sc">ID</small></em>, and
the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
process group <small class="sc">ID</small>.
-Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
+This terminal process group <small class="sc">ID</small> is associated with the
+<em class="dfn">controlling terminal</em>.
+</p>
+<p>Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
the same <em class="dfn">process group</em>.
Members of the foreground process group (processes whose
process group <small class="sc">ID</small> is equal to the current terminal process group
Processes in the foreground process group are said to be
foreground processes.
Background processes
-are those whose process group <small class="sc">ID</small> differs from the terminal’s;
+are those whose process group <small class="sc">ID</small> differs from the
+controlling terminal’s;
such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if
-the user so specifies with <code class="code">stty tostop</code>, write to the terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to
-read from (write to when <code class="code">tostop</code> is in effect) the
-terminal are sent a <code class="code">SIGTTIN</code> (<code class="code">SIGTTOU</code>)
-signal by the kernel’s terminal driver,
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
+if the user so specifies with
+<code class="code">stty tostop</code>,
+write to the controlling terminal.
+The system sends a
+<code class="code">SIGTTIN</code> (<code class="code">SIGTTOU</code>)
+signal to background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to when <code class="code">tostop</code> is in effect)
+the terminal,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
</p>
<p>If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor"></a><span><code class="code">active-region-end-color</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>A string variable that "undoes" the effects of <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
-and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text
-in the active region.
+<dd><p>A string variable that “undoes”
+the effects of <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
+and restores “normal”
+terminal display appearance after displaying text in the active region.
This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display,
so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region.
are saved.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
-By default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries to
+By default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
the value of the <code class="code">HISTSIZE</code> shell variable.
If you try to set <var class="var">history-size</var> to a non-numeric value,
the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.
<p>When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
be used to indicate a macro definition.
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
-Tthe backslash escapes described above are expanded
+The backslash escapes described above are expanded
in the macro body.
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
including ‘<samp class="samp">"</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">'</samp>’.
binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted"># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
+<pre class="example-preformatted"># This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
position, and <em class="dfn">mark</em> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<code class="code">set-mark</code> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <em class="dfn">region</em>.
-Readline has the concept of an <em class="emph">active region</em>:
+Readline
+has the concept of an <em class="emph">active region</em>:
when the region is active,
Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
-value of the <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code> variable.
+value of the
+<code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
+variable.
The <code class="code">enable-active-region</code> variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
</p>
<dd><p>Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
+If given a numeric argument, this refreshes the current line
+without clearing the screen.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-redraw_002dcurrent_002dline-_0028_0029"></a><span><code class="code">redraw-current-line ()</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-redraw_002dcurrent_002dline-_0028_0029"> ¶</a></span></dt>
<li>the number of matches <var class="var">N</var>;
</li><li>the word being completed;
</li><li><var class="var">S</var>:<var class="var">E</var>,
-where S and E are the start and end offsets of the word
+where <var class="var">S</var> and <var class="var">E</var> are the start and end offsets of the word
in the Readline line buffer; then
</li><li>each match, one per line
</li></ul>
This performs alias and history expansion,
$’<var class="var">string</var>’ and $"<var class="var">string</var>" quoting,
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
-command and proces substitution,
+command and process substitution,
word splitting, and quote removal.
An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
</p>
‘<samp class="samp">*</samp>’, ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, or ‘<samp class="samp">%</samp>’.
Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).
+That first word is usually the command word, and the arguments begin
+with the second word.
Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
</p>
<p>For example,
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">!!:$</code></dt>
-<dd><p>designates the last argument of the preceding command.
+<dd><p>designates the last word of the preceding command.
This may be shortened to <code class="code">!$</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<li>The version number of Bash.
</li><li>The hardware and operating system.
</li><li>The compiler used to compile Bash.
-</li><li>A description of the bug behaviour.
+</li><li>A description of the bug behavior.
</li><li>A short script or ‘recipe’ which exercises the bug and may be used
to reproduce it.
</li></ul>
</li><li>Bash implements command aliases and the <code class="code">alias</code> and <code class="code">unalias</code>
builtins (see <a class="pxref" href="#Aliases">Aliases</a>).
-</li><li>Bash implements the <code class="code">!</code> keyword to negate the return value of
+</li><li>Bash implements the <code class="code">!</code> reserved word to negate the return value of
a pipeline (see <a class="pxref" href="#Pipelines">Pipelines</a>).
This is very useful when an <code class="code">if</code> statement needs to act only if a
test fails.
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
- Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 24 February 2025). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 24 February 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
‘for’
The syntax of the ‘for’ command is:
- for NAME [ [in [WORDS ...] ] ; ] do COMMANDS; done
+ for NAME [ [in WORDS ...] ; ] do COMMANDS; done
Expand WORDS (*note Shell Expansions::), and then execute COMMANDS
once for each word in the resultant list, with NAME bound to the
executes. If there are no items in the expansion of WORDS, no
commands are executed, and the return status is zero.
- An alternate form of the ‘for’ command is also supported:
+ There is an alternate form of the ‘for’ command which is similar to
+ the C language:
- for (( EXPR1 ; EXPR2 ; EXPR3 )) ; do COMMANDS ; done
+ for (( EXPR1 ; EXPR2 ; EXPR3 )) [;] do COMMANDS ; done
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression EXPR1 according to the
rules described below (*note Shell Arithmetic::). Then, repeatedly
The arithmetic EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules
described below (*note Shell Arithmetic::). The EXPRESSION
undergoes the same expansions as if it were within double quotes,
- but double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated specially
- and are removed. If the value of the expression is non-zero, the
+ but unescaped double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated
+ specially and are removed. Since this can potentially result in
+ empty strings, this command treats those as expressions that
+ evaluate to 0. If the value of the expression is non-zero, the
return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1.
‘[[...]]’
function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the
variable at a previous scope becomes visible. If the unset acts on a
variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name
-that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the
+that had been shadowed becomes visible (see below how the
‘localvar_unset’ shell option changes this behavior).
The ‘-f’ option to the ‘declare’ (‘typeset’) builtin command (*note
is a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the ‘unset’ builtin command.
- A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+ A variable is assigned to using a statement of the form
NAME=[VALUE]
If VALUE is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
VALUEs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
is executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the
variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
+ When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name, as
+described below (*note Environment::).
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Positional Parameters, Next: Special Parameters, Up: Shell Parameters
bash$ echo a{d,c,b}e
ade ace abe
- A sequence expression takes the form ‘{X..Y[..INCR]}’, where X and Y
+ A sequence expression takes the form ‘X..Y[..INCR]’, where X and Y
are either integers or letters, and INCR, an optional increment, is an
integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
number between X and Y, inclusive. If either X or Y begins with a zero,
each generated term will contain the same number of digits, zero-padding
where necessary. When letters are supplied, the expression expands to
-each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive, using the
-default C locale. Note that both X and Y must be of the same type
-(integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used as the
-difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as
-appropriate.
+each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive, using the C
+locale. Note that both X and Y must be of the same type (integer or
+letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference
+between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any
characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
- A { or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
+ A ‘{’ or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
considered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with
parameter expansion, the string ‘${’ is not considered eligible for
brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘}’.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+versions of ‘sh’. ‘sh’ does not treat opening or closing braces
+specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the
+output. Bash removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion. For example, a word entered to ‘sh’ as ‘file{1,2}’ appears
+identically in the output. Bash outputs that word as ‘file1 file2’
+after brace expansion. Start Bash with the ‘+B’ option or disable brace
+expansion with the ‘+B’ option to the ‘set’ command (*note Shell Builtin
+Commands::) for strict ‘sh’ compatibility.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Tilde Expansion, Next: Shell Parameter Expansion, Prev: Brace Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
$ var=
+ $ : ${var=DEFAULT}
+ $ echo $var
+
+ $ var=
+ $ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
+ $ echo $var
+ DEFAULT
+ $ unset var
$ : ${var:=DEFAULT}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
$ var=
$ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
bash: var: var is unset or null
+ $ echo ${var?var is unset}
+
+ $ unset var
+ $ : ${var?var is unset}
+ bash: var: var is unset
+ $ : ${var:?var is unset or null}
+ bash: var: var is unset or null
+ $ var=123
+ $ echo ${var:?var is unset or null}
+ 123
‘${PARAMETER:+WORD}’
If PARAMETER is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise
$ var=123
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
var is set and not null
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+ var is set
$ var=
$ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+ var is set
+ $ unset var
+ $ echo ${var+var is set}
+
+ $ echo ${var:+var is set and not null}
+
$
‘${PARAMETER:OFFSET}’
LENGTH characters of the value of PARAMETER starting at the
character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is ‘@’ or ‘*’, an
indexed array subscripted by ‘@’ or ‘*’, or an associative array
- name, the results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted,
- it expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at
- the character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the
- value. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
- Arithmetic::).
+ name, the results differ as described below. If :LENGTH is omitted
+ (the first form above), this expands to the substring of the value
+ of PARAMETER starting at the character specified by OFFSET and
+ extending to the end of the value. If OFFSET is omitted, it is
+ treated as 0. If LENGTH is omitted, but the colon after OFFSET is
+ present, it is treated as 0. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic
+ expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::).
If OFFSET evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
as an offset in characters from the end of the value of PARAMETER.
‘${PARAMETER//PATTERN/STRING}’
‘${PARAMETER/#PATTERN/STRING}’
‘${PARAMETER/%PATTERN/STRING}’
- The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
- expansion and matched against the expanded value of PARAMETER
- according to the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::).
- The longest match of PATTERN in the expanded value is replaced with
- STRING. STRING undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable
- expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process substitution,
- and quote removal.
+ The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern and matched against
+ the expanded value of PARAMETER as described below (*note Pattern
+ Matching::). The longest match of PATTERN in the expanded value is
+ replaced with STRING. STRING undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process
+ substitution, and quote removal.
In the first form above, only the first match is replaced. If
there are two slashes separating PARAMETER and PATTERN (the second
‘${PARAMETER,PATTERN}’
‘${PARAMETER,,PATTERN}’
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in
- PARAMETER. The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
- filename expansion. Each character in the expanded value of
- PARAMETER is tested against PATTERN, and, if it matches the
+ PARAMETER. First, the PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern as
+ described below in *note Pattern Matching::.
+
+ ‘Bash’ then examines characters in the expanded value of PARAMETER
+ against PATTERN as described below. If a character matches the
pattern, its case is converted. The pattern should not attempt to
match more than one character.
- The ‘^’ operator converts lowercase letters matching PATTERN to
- uppercase; the ‘,’ operator converts matching uppercase letters to
- lowercase. The ‘^^’ and ‘,,’ expansions convert each matched
- character in the expanded value; the ‘^’ and ‘,’ expansions match
- and convert only the first character in the expanded value. If
- PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a ‘?’, which matches every
- character.
+ Using ‘^’ converts lowercase letters matching PATTERN to uppercase;
+ ‘,’ converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The ‘^’ and
+ ‘,’ variants examine the first character in the expanded value and
+ convert its case if it matches PATTERN; the ‘^^’ and ‘,,’ variants
+ examine all characters in the expanded value and convert each one
+ that matches PATTERN. If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a
+ ‘?’, which matches every character.
If PARAMETER is ‘@’ or ‘*’, the case modification operation is
applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is
3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion
--------------------------
-Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression and substitutes
+Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression and substitutes
the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
$(( EXPRESSION ))
The EXPRESSION undergoes the same expansions as if it were within
-double quotes, but double quote characters in EXPRESSION are not treated
-specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo
-parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote
-removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be
-evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+double quotes, but unescaped double quote characters in EXPRESSION are
+not treated specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression
+undergo parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and
+quote removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be
+evaluated. Since the way Bash handles double quotes can potentially
+result in empty strings, arithmetic expansion treats those as
+expressions that evaluate to 0. Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
(*note Shell Arithmetic::). If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a
‘GLOBIGNORE’ is unset. The ‘GLOBIGNORE’ pattern matching honors the
setting of the ‘extglob’ shell option.
- After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the
-value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results are
-sorted, as described below (*note Bash Variables::).
+ The value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results
+of pathname expansion are sorted, as described below (*note Bash
+Variables::).
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Pattern Matching, Up: Filename Expansion
[N]>[|]WORD
If the redirection operator is ‘>’, and the ‘noclobber’ option to the
-‘set’ builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file whose
-name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection operator is ‘>’
-and the ‘noclobber’ option is not enabled, Bash attemps the redirection
-even if the file named by WORD exists.
+‘set’ builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the
+file whose name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a
+regular file. If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection
+operator is ‘>’ and the ‘noclobber’ option to the ‘set’ builtin is not
+enabled, Bash attempts the redirection even if the file named by WORD
+exists.
3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output
---------------------------------
The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives any of the signals SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and
there is a single SIGSPEC) or equal to ‘-’, each specified
- SIGSPEC'ss disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
+ SIGSPEC's disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
was started. If ACTION is the null string, then the signal
specified by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it
invokes.
compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
following conditions. The ‘ERR’ trap is not executed if the failed
command is part of the command list immediately following an
- ‘until’ or ‘while’ keyword, part of the test following the ‘if’ or
- ‘elif’ reserved words, part of a command executed in a ‘&&’ or ‘||’
- list except the command following the final ‘&&’ or ‘||’, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, (subject to the state of the
- ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the command's return status is
+ ‘until’ or ‘while’ reserved word, part of the test following the
+ ‘if’ or ‘elif’ reserved words, part of a command executed in a ‘&&’
+ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final ‘&&’ or ‘||’,
+ any command in a pipeline but the last, (subject to the state of
+ the ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the command's return status is
being inverted using ‘!’. These are the same conditions obeyed by
the ‘errexit’ (‘-e’) option.
optional, and Readline does not expand the command string
before saving it. Since the entire key binding expression
must be a single argument, it should be enclosed in single
- quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets thex
+ quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
‘READLINE_LINE’ variable to the contents of the Readline line
buffer and the ‘READLINE_POINT’ and ‘READLINE_MARK’ variables
to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
‘BASH_LOADABLES_PATH’ is system-dependent, and may include "." to
force a search of the current directory. The ‘-d’ option will
delete a builtin loaded with ‘-f’. If ‘-s’ is used with ‘-f’, the
- new builtin becomes a special builtin (*note Special Builtins::).
+ new builtin becomes a POSIX special builtin (*note Special
+ Builtins::).
If no options are supplied and a NAME is not a shell builtin,
‘enable’ will attempt to load NAME from a shared object named NAME,
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, ‘help’ gives detailed help on all commands matching
- PATTERN, otherwise it displays a list of all builtins and shell
- compound commands.
+ PATTERN as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
+ builtins and shell compound commands.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
‘-s’
Display only a short usage synopsis for each PATTERN
+ If PATTERN contains pattern matching characters (*note Pattern
+ Matching::) it's treated as a shell pattern and ‘help’ prints the
+ description of each help topic matching PATTERN.
+
+ If not, and PATTERN exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+ ‘help’ prints the description associated with that topic.
+ Otherwise, ‘help’ performs prefix matching and prints the
+ descriptions of all matching help topics.
+
The return status is zero unless no command matches PATTERN.
‘let’
Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for ‘-t’, which is in
seconds; ‘-R’, which is in microseconds; ‘-p’, which is in units of
512-byte blocks; ‘-P’, ‘-T’, ‘-b’, ‘-k’, ‘-n’ and ‘-u’, which are
- unscaled values; and, when in POSIX Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
+ unscaled values; and, when in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
‘-c’ and ‘-f’, which are in 512-byte increments.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is
a list (*note Lists::), or a compound command (*note Compound
Commands::) returns a non-zero status. The shell does not
exit if the command that fails is part of the command list
- immediately following a ‘while’ or ‘until’ keyword, part of
- the test in an ‘if’ statement, part of any command executed in
- a ‘&&’ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final
+ immediately following a ‘while’ or ‘until’ reserved word, part
+ of the test in an ‘if’ statement, part of any command executed
+ in a ‘&&’ or ‘||’ list except the command following the final
‘&&’ or ‘||’, any command in a pipeline but the last (subject
to the state of the ‘pipefail’ shell option), or if the
command's return status is being inverted with ‘!’. If a
successfully. This option is disabled by default.
‘posix’
- Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation
- differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard
- (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is intended to make Bash
- behave as a strict superset of that standard.
+ Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the
+ default operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is
+ intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+ standard.
‘privileged’
Same as ‘-p’.
command (*note The Shopt Builtin::). The options appearing in
‘BASHOPTS’ are those reported as ‘on’ by ‘shopt’. If this variable
is in the environment when Bash starts up, the shell enables each
- option in the list before reading any startup files. This variable
- is readonly.
+ option in the list before reading any startup files. If this
+ variable is exported, child shells will enable each option in the
+ list. This variable is readonly.
‘BASHPID’
Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This
‘ENV’
Expanded and executed similarly to ‘BASH_ENV’ (*note Bash Startup
- Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note
+ Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX mode (*note
Bash POSIX Mode::).
‘EPOCHREALTIME’
substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::). The
first character is the “history expansion” character, the character
which begins a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second
- character is the "quick substitution" character, normally ‘^’.
+ character is the “quick substitution” character, normally ‘^’.
When it appears as the first character on the line, history
substitution repeats the previous command, replacing one string
- with another. The optional third character is the character which
- indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history comment
- character disables history substitution for the remaining words on
- the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat
- the rest of the line as a comment.
+ with another. The optional third character is the “history
+ comment” character, normally ‘#’, which indicates that the
+ remainder of the line is a comment when it appears as the first
+ character of a word. The history comment character disables
+ history substitution for the remaining words on the line. It does
+ not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
+ line as a comment.
‘HISTCMD’
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
‘SHELLOPTS’ are those reported as ‘on’ by ‘set -o’. If this
variable is in the environment when Bash starts up, the shell
enables each option in the list before reading any startup files.
- This variable is readonly.
+ If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+ in the list. This variable is readonly.
‘SHLVL’
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started.
shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as ‘sh’.
‘--posix’
- Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
- from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This is intended to
- make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. *Note Bash
- POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash POSIX mode.
+ Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard.
+ This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+ standard. *Note Bash POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash
+ POSIX mode.
‘--restricted’
Equivalent to ‘-r’. Make the shell a restricted shell (*note The
‘-’
Equivalent to ‘--’.
- A _login_ shell is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
+ A “login shell” is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
or one invoked with the ‘--login’ option.
- An _interactive_ shell is one started without non-option arguments,
+ An “interactive shell” is one started without non-option arguments,
unless ‘-s’ is specified, without specifying the ‘-c’ option, and whose
-input and output (using the standard error) are both connected to
-terminals (as determined by ‘isatty(3)’), or one started with the ‘-i’
-option. *Note Interactive Shells::, for more information.
+standard input and standard error are both connected to terminals (as
+determined by isatty(3)), or one started with the ‘-i’ option. *Note
+Interactive Shells::, for more information.
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the ‘-c’ nor
-the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be
-the name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::).
-When Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the
-file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments.
-Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's
-exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the
-script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as the
+name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::). When
+Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the file,
+and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. Bash
+reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit
+status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script.
+If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. Bash first attempts
+to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found,
+searches the directories in ‘PATH’ for the script.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Startup Files, Next: Interactive Shells, Prev: Invoking Bash, Up: Bash Features
greater than or equal to ARG2, respectively. ARG1 and ARG2 may be
positive or negative integers. When used with the ‘[[’ command,
ARG1 and ARG2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
- Arithmetic::).
+ Arithmetic::). Since the expansions the ‘[[’ command performs on
+ ARG1 and ARG2 can potentially result in empty strings, arithmetic
+ expression evaluation treats those as expressions that evaluate to
+ 0.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditional Expressions, Up: Bash Features
and are zero-based; associative arrays use arbitrary strings. Unless
otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
-to using the syntax
+ The shell performs parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic
+expansion, command substitution, and quote removal on indexed array
+subscripts. Since this can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+
+ The shell performs tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+arithmetic expansion, command substitution, and quote removal on
+associative array subscripts. Empty strings cannot be used as
+associative array keys.
+
+ Bash automatically creates an indexed array if any variable is
+assigned to using the syntax
NAME[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE
The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an
-array, use
+indexed array, use
declare -a NAME
(*note Bash Builtins::). The syntax
declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT]
Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these
-areas so that it conforms more closely to the standard.
+areas so that it conforms more strictly to the standard.
Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing
‘set -o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
startup files.
- The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect:
+ The following list is what's changed when POSIX mode is in effect:
1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set.
double-quoted string, even if the ‘histexpand’ option is enabled.
31. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash
- does not print the ‘function’ keyword unless necessary.
+ does not print the ‘function’ reserved word unless necessary.
32. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
expansion results in an invalid expression.
58. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’
prefix.
- 59. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
+ 59. The ‘kill’ builtin returns a failure status if any of the pid or
+ job arguments are invalid or if sending the specified signal to any
+ of them fails. In default mode, ‘kill’ returns success if the
+ signal was successfully sent to any of the specified processes.
+
+ 60. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers,
instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length
modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available.
- 60. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 61. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the ‘-P’ option.
- 61. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 62. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 62. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 64. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 64. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
+ 65. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
evaluating the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators.
- 65. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
+ 66. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain
cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards
compatibility.
- 66. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
+ 67. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
‘SIG’.
- 67. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 68. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
use ‘-’ as the first argument.
- 68. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ 69. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
started, not just trapped signals.
- 69. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 70. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’.
- 70. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
+ 71. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
and ‘-f’ options.
- 71. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
+ 72. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’
variable, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
- 72. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
+ 73. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to
unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope
as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is
further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the
utility shall persist" behavior.
- 73. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
+ 74. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 74. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin returns it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
collation sequence and strcoll(3).
‘compat41’
- • In posix mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
+ • In POSIX mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpretation
267).
- • In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of
+ • In POSIX mode, the parser requires that an even number of
single quotes occur in the WORD portion of a double-quoted
${...} parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that
characters within the single quotes are considered quoted
• The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution
does not undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after
bash-4.2.
- • In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ • In POSIX mode, single quotes are considered special when
expanding the WORD portion of a double-quoted ${...} parameter
expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other
special character (this is part of POSIX interpretation 221);
‘compat43’
• Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that
- cause the current command to fail, even in posix mode (the
+ cause the current command to fail, even in POSIX mode (the
default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the
shell to exit).
• When executing a shell function, the loop state
• Variable assignments preceding builtins like ‘export’ and
‘readonly’ that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
- shell is not in posix mode.
+ shell is not in POSIX mode.
‘compat50 (set using BASH_COMPAT)’
• Bash-5.1 changed the way ‘$RANDOM’ is generated to introduce
To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
control, each process has a “process group ID”, and the operating system
-maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. Processes
-that have the same process group ID are said to be part of the same
-“process group”. Members of the foreground process group (processes
-whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group
-ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as ‘SIGINT’. Processes in
-the foreground process group are said to be foreground processes.
-Background processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
-terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the user so
-specifies with ‘stty tostop’, write to the terminal. Background
-processes which attempt to read from (write to when ‘tostop’ is in
-effect) the terminal are sent a ‘SIGTTIN’ (‘SIGTTOU’) signal by the
-kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. This
+terminal process group ID is associated with the “controlling terminal”.
+
+ Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
+the same “process group”. Members of the foreground process group
+(processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal
+process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as ‘SIGINT’.
+Processes in the foreground process group are said to be foreground
+processes. Background processes are those whose process group ID
+differs from the controlling terminal's; such processes are immune to
+keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to
+read from or, if the user so specifies with ‘stty tostop’, write to the
+controlling terminal. The system sends a ‘SIGTTIN’ (‘SIGTTOU’) signal
+to background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
+‘tostop’ is in effect) the terminal, which, unless caught, suspends the
+process.
If the operating system on which Bash is running supports job
control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the “suspend”
list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are
deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less
than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. By
- default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries
- to the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to
- set HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
+ default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
+ the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to set
+ HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
history entries will be set to 500.
‘horizontal-scroll-mode’
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be
used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to
- be a function name. Tthe backslash escapes described above are
+ be a function name. The backslash escapes described above are
expanded in the macro body. Backslash will quote any other
character in the macro text, including ‘"’ and ‘'’. For example,
the following binding will make ‘‘C-x’ \’ insert a single ‘\’ into
Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key binding,
variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
- # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
+ # This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
‘clear-screen (C-l)’
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the current
- line at the top of the screen.
+ line at the top of the screen. If given a numeric argument, this
+ refreshes the current line without clearing the screen.
‘redraw-current-line ()’
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This performs
alias and history expansion, $'STRING' and $"STRING" quoting, tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
- command and proces substitution, word splitting, and quote removal.
- An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
+ command and process substitution, word splitting, and quote
+ removal. An explicit argument suppresses command and process
+ substitution.
‘history-expand-line (M-^)’
Perform history expansion on the current line.
specification from the word designator. It may be omitted if the word
designator begins with a ‘^’, ‘$’, ‘*’, ‘-’, or ‘%’. Words are numbered
from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0
-(zero). Words are inserted into the current line separated by single
-spaces.
+(zero). That first word is usually the command word, and the arguments
+begin with the second word. Words are inserted into the current line
+separated by single spaces.
For example,
preceding command is repeated in toto.
‘!!:$’
- designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be
+ designates the last word of the preceding command. This may be
shortened to ‘!$’.
‘!fi:2’
• The version number of Bash.
• The hardware and operating system.
• The compiler used to compile Bash.
- • A description of the bug behaviour.
+ • A description of the bug behavior.
• A short script or 'recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
to reproduce it.
• Bash implements command aliases and the ‘alias’ and ‘unalias’
builtins (*note Aliases::).
- • Bash implements the ‘!’ keyword to negate the return value of a
- pipeline (*note Pipelines::). This is very useful when an ‘if’
+ • Bash implements the ‘!’ reserved word to negate the return value of
+ a pipeline (*note Pipelines::). This is very useful when an ‘if’
statement needs to act only if a test fails. The Bash ‘-o
pipefail’ option to ‘set’ will cause a pipeline to return a failure
status if any command fails (*note The Set Builtin::).
(line 179)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 231)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 374)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 375)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 59)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 28)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 61)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 394)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 403)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 428)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 433)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 404)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 438)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 443)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 478)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 488)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 70)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 263)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 548)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 558)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 669)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 275)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 325)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 668)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 678)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 139)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 444)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 510)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 673)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 710)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 716)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 683)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 720)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 726)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 515)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 824)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 834)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 533)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 126)
+ (line 128)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 126)
+ (line 128)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* }: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
* auto_resume: Job Control Variables.
(line 6)
* BASH: Bash Variables. (line 24)
-* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 43)
-* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 52)
-* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 66)
-* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 79)
-* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 87)
-* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 96)
-* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 103)
-* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 119)
-* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 125)
-* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 128)
-* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 138)
-* BASH_MONOSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 142)
-* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 149)
-* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 157)
-* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 165)
-* BASH_TRAPSIG: Bash Variables. (line 171)
-* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 177)
-* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 200)
-* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 204)
+* BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 44)
+* BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 53)
+* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 67)
+* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 80)
+* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 88)
+* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 97)
+* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 104)
+* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 120)
+* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 126)
+* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 129)
+* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 139)
+* BASH_MONOSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 143)
+* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 150)
+* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 158)
+* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 166)
+* BASH_TRAPSIG: Bash Variables. (line 172)
+* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 178)
+* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 201)
+* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 205)
* BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 27)
-* BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 36)
+* BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 37)
* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 64)
* bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 79)
* CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 9)
-* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 216)
+* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 217)
* colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 84)
* colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 94)
-* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 223)
+* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 224)
* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 100)
-* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 229)
-* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 235)
-* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 241)
-* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 246)
-* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 254)
-* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 264)
-* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 270)
+* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 230)
+* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 236)
+* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 242)
+* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 247)
+* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 255)
+* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 265)
+* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 271)
* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 104)
* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 122)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 131)
-* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 277)
+* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 278)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 142)
-* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 283)
-* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 287)
+* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 284)
+* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 288)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 154)
* echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 159)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 164)
-* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 297)
+* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 298)
* emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 170)
* enable-active-region The: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 202)
* enable-meta-key: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 207)
-* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 302)
-* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 307)
-* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 315)
-* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 322)
-* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 326)
+* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 303)
+* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 308)
+* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 316)
+* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 323)
+* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 327)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 217)
-* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 338)
-* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 341)
+* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 339)
+* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 342)
* force-meta-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 221)
-* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 347)
-* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 364)
-* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 369)
-* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 376)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 414)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 420)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 435)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 441)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 459)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 465)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 476)
+* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 348)
+* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 365)
+* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 370)
+* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 377)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 415)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 421)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 437)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 443)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 461)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 467)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 478)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 234)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 240)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 507)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 502)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 509)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 250)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 516)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 527)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 530)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 518)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 529)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 532)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 533)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 535)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 542)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 546)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 548)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 269)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 276)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 552)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 556)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 560)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 567)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 554)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 558)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 562)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 569)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 572)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 576)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 580)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 584)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 591)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 597)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 574)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 578)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 582)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 586)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 593)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 599)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 24)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 601)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 603)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 29)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 609)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 611)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 306)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 323)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 613)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 615)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 36)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 616)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 618)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 40)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 621)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 623)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 328)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 337)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 44)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 624)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 634)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 644)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 648)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 654)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 660)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 626)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 636)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 646)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 650)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 656)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 662)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 58)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 665)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 678)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 681)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 689)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 693)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 697)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 707)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 667)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 672)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 680)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 683)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 691)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 695)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 699)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 705)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 709)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 350)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 357)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 711)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 721)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 726)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 735)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 713)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 723)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 728)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 738)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 362)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 377)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 383)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 740)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 743)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 749)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 788)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 800)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 804)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 752)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 791)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 803)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 807)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 396)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
* accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History.
(line 6)
* alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 133)
+ (line 134)
* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 18)
* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 18)
* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing.
(line 50)
* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6)
* display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 147)
+ (line 148)
* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 14)
* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 69)
* dynamic-complete-history (M-<TAB>): Commands For Completion.
(line 115)
* edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 142)
+ (line 143)
* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9)
* end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6)
* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History.
* glob-list-expansions (C-x g): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 114)
* history-and-alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 136)
+ (line 137)
* history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 126)
+ (line 127)
* history-search-backward (): Commands For History.
(line 53)
* history-search-forward (): Commands For History.
* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion.
(line 24)
* insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 139)
+ (line 140)
* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing.
(line 6)
* kill-region (): Commands For Killing.
* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing.
(line 23)
* magic-space (): Miscellaneous Commands.
- (line 129)
+ (line 130)
* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion.
(line 28)
* menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion.
* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 28)
* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 6)
-* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 61)
+* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 62)
* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History.
(line 29)
* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
-* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 136)
+* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 137)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* internationalized scripts: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 133)
+* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 134)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 50)
* name: Definitions. (line 55)
Node: Lists\7f30781
Node: Compound Commands\7f32656
Node: Looping Constructs\7f33668
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-Node: Command Grouping\7f51129
-Node: Coprocesses\7f52624
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-Node: Shell Functions\7f56234
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f64689
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-Node: Special Parameters\7f70510
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+Node: Shell Parameters\7f64849
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+Node: Shell Expansions\7f74310
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+Node: Executing Commands\7f131240
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+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f134021
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+Node: Commands For Killing\7f443683
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+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f533790
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+Node: Indexes\7f581759
+Node: Builtin Index\7f582213
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-%%Title: CMMI9
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-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
-%%EndComments
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-%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSLTT10 003.002
-%%Title: CMSLTT10
-%Version: 003.002
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
-%%EndComments
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-/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def
-/FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
-/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
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-/isFixedPitch true def
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-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
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-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
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-%%Creator: David M. Jones
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-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
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-%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMCSC10 003.002
-%%Title: CMCSC10
-%Version: 003.002
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
-%%EndComments
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-/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
-/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
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-/isFixedPitch false def
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-/UnderlineThickness 50 def
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-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
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-%%CreationDate: Wed Sep 12 2001
-% Copyright (c) 2001 Vladimir Volovich <vvv@vsu.ru>.
-% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
-% Converted from METAFONT EC/TC and LH fonts:
-% ecrm1095, tcrm1095, larm1095, lbrm1095, lcrm1095, rxrm1095.
-11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 6 dict dup begin
-/version (0.3) def
-/FullName (Computer Modern Roman) def
-/FamilyName (Computer Modern) def
-/ItalicAngle 0 def
-/isFixedPitch false def
-/Weight (Medium) def
-end readonly def
-/FontName /SFRM1095 def
-/Encoding StandardEncoding def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] def
-/FontBBox{-188 -320 1445 942}readonly def
-currentdict end
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-%%Title: CMBX12
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-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
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-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
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-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
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-%%Title: CMMI12
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-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
-%%EndComments
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-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
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-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
-% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
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-%%Title: CMSL10
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-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
-%%Creator: David M. Jones
-%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
-%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.
-% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
-% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
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-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30 b Fb(3)150
-2261 y(pro)r(cess)d(group)e(ID)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
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-11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(35)150
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-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23
-b Fb(150)150 2522 y(prompting)15 b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(107)146
-2765 y Fs(Q)150 2881 y Fb(quoting)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31
-b Fb(6)150 2968 y(quoting,)26 b(ANSI)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
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-3211 y Fs(R)150 3327 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g(use)11
-b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(121)150 3414
-y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
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-(ord)13 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
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-(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(3)150 3589 y(reserv)n(ed)e(w)n(ords)15
-b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)30
-b Fb(9)150 3676 y(restricted)c(shell)12 b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(109)150 3763 y(return)e(status)
-10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
-(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2021 294 y Fs(S)2025 418 y Fb(shell)h(arithmetic)15
-b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)30
-b Fb(101)2025 508 y(shell)c(function)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)32 b Fb(19)2025
-597 y(shell)26 b(script)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(47)2025 687
-y(shell)h(v)l(ariable)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
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-(teractiv)n(e)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)34 b Fb(97)2025 867 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)28 b Fb(4)2025 956 y(signal)f(handling)6 b Fc(:)13
-b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21
-b Fb(46)2025 1046 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(80)2025
-1136 y(startup)f(\014les)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(96)2025 1226
-y(string)h(translations)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(7)2025 1313 y(susp)r(ending)i(jobs)10
-b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25
-b Fb(118)2021 1610 y Fs(T)2025 1734 y Fb(tilde)h(expansion)7
-b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
-b Fb(25)2025 1823 y(tok)n(en)17 b Fc(:)12 b(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)32
-b Fb(4)2025 1911 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)c
-Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(7)2021 2207 y Fs(U)2025 2329 y
-Fb(unary)25 b(arithmetic)h(op)r(erators)10 b Fc(:)15
-b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)25 b Fb(101)2021 2626 y Fs(V)2025 2750 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)h
-(shell)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
-g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(21)2025 2837 y(v)l(ariables,)f(readline)7
-b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22
-b Fb(126)2021 3134 y Fs(W)2025 3258 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b
-Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3345
-y(w)n(ord)h(splitting)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(36)2021 3642 y Fs(Y)2025
-3763 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(124)p eop end
-%%Trailer
-
-userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
-%%EOF
of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
The syntax of the @code{for} command is:
@example
-for @var{name} [ [in [@var{words} @dots{}] ] ; ] do @var{commands}; done
+for @var{name} [ [in @var{words} @dots{}] ; ] do @var{commands}; done
@end example
Expand @var{words} (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), and then
If there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are
executed, and the return status is zero.
-An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:
+There is an alternate form of the @code{for} command which is similar to the
+C language:
@example
-for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; done
+for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) [;] do @var{commands} ; done
@end example
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} according
described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
The @var{expression} undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in @var{expression} are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in @var{expression} are not treated
+specially and are removed.
+Since this can potentially result in empty strings,
+this command treats those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
otherwise the return status is 1.
Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
scope becomes visible.
If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a
-variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible
+variable with that name that had been shadowed becomes visible
(see below how the @code{localvar_unset} shell option changes this behavior).
The @option{-f} option to the @code{declare} (@code{typeset})
Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the @code{unset} builtin command.
-A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+A variable is assigned to using a statement of the form
@example
@var{name}=[@var{value}]
@end example
@end example
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}),
-the @samp{+=} operator appends to or adds to
+to a shell variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the
+@samp{+=} operator appends to or adds to
the variable's previous value.
This includes arguments to declaration commands such as
-@code{declare} that accept assignment statements.
-When @samp{+=} is applied to a variable
-for which the @code{integer} attribute has been set,
+@code{declare}
+that accept assignment statements.
+When @samp{+=}
+is applied to a variable for which the
+@code{integer} attribute has been set,
the variable's current value and @var{value} are each evaluated as
arithmetic expressions,
and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's value.
The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an expression.
-When @samp{+=} is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(@pxref{Arrays}), the
-variable's value is not unset (as it is when using @samp{=}), and new
-values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
-maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
-in an associative array.
+When @samp{+=}
+is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (@pxref{Arrays}),
+the variable's value is not unset
+(as it is when using @samp{=}),
+and new values are appended to the array
+beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays),
+or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
When applied to a string-valued variable, @var{value} is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
Otherwise, if @code{unset} is executed with the name of a nameref variable
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
+When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
+variable from each environment variable that has a valid name,
+as described below (@pxref{Environment}).
+
@node Positional Parameters
@subsection Positional Parameters
@cindex parameters, positional
@dfn{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}),
but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional @var{preamble},
-followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
-between a pair of braces,
-followed by an optional @var{postscript}.
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
-the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
-to right.
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional
+@var{postscript}.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces,
+and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string,
+expanding left to right.
Brace expansions may be nested.
The results of each expanded string are not sorted;
ade ace abe
@end example
-A sequence expression takes the form @code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]@}},
+A sequence expression takes the form
+@code{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]},
where @var{x} and @var{y} are either integers or letters,
and @var{incr}, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
zero-padding where necessary.
When letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
+using the C locale.
Note that both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the same type
(integer or letter).
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
sequence expression.
Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
-A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+A @samp{@{} or @samp{,}
+may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
being considered part of a brace expression.
To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
is not considered eligible for brace expansion,
-and inhibits brace expansion until the closing @samp{@}}.
+and inhibits brace expansion until the closing
+@samp{@}}.
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}
@end example
+Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
+historical versions of
+@command{sh}.
+@command{sh}
+does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
+appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+Bash
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion.
+For example, a word entered to
+@command{sh}
+as
+@samp{file@{1,2@}}
+appears identically in the output.
+Bash
+outputs that word as
+@samp{file1 file2}
+after brace expansion.
+Start
+Bash
+with the
+@option{+B}
+option or disable brace expansion with the
+@option{+B}
+option to the
+@code{set}
+command
+(@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands})
+for strict
+@command{sh}
+compatibility.
+
@node Tilde Expansion
@subsection Tilde Expansion
@cindex tilde expansion
$ : $@{var=DEFAULT@}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
+$ var=
+$ : $@{var=DEFAULT@}
+$ echo $var
+
$ var=
$ : $@{var:=DEFAULT@}
$ echo $var
DEFAULT
+$ unset var
+$ : $@{var:=DEFAULT@}
+$ echo $var
+DEFAULT
@end example
@item $@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}
$ var=
$ : $@{var:?var is unset or null@}
bash: var: var is unset or null
+$ echo $@{var?var is unset@}
+
+$ unset var
+$ : $@{var?var is unset@}
+bash: var: var is unset
+$ : $@{var:?var is unset or null@}
+bash: var: var is unset or null
+$ var=123
+$ echo $@{var:?var is unset or null@}
+123
@end example
@item $@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}
$ var=123
$ echo $@{var:+var is set and not null@}
var is set and not null
+$ echo $@{var+var is set@}
+var is set
$ var=
$ echo $@{var:+var is set and not null@}
+$ echo $@{var+var is set@}
+var is set
+$ unset var
+$ echo $@{var+var is set@}
+
+$ echo $@{var:+var is set and not null@}
+
$
@end example
If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, an indexed array subscripted by
@samp{@@} or @samp{*}, or an associative array name, the results differ as
described below.
-If @var{length} is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of
+If :@var{length} is omitted (the first form above), this
+expands to the substring of the value of
@var{parameter} starting at the character specified by @var{offset}
and extending to the end of the value.
+If @var{offset} is omitted,
+it is treated as 0.
+If @var{length} is omitted,
+but the colon after @var{offset} is present,
+it is treated as 0.
@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions
(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
@itemx $@{@var{parameter}//@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
@itemx $@{@var{parameter}/#@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
@itemx $@{@var{parameter}/%@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
-The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion and matched
-against the expanded value of @var{parameter}
-according to the rules
-described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
+The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern
+and matched against the expanded value of @var{parameter}
+as described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
The longest match of @var{pattern}
in the expanded value is replaced with @var{string}.
@var{string} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
@itemx $@{@var{parameter},@var{pattern}@}
@itemx $@{@var{parameter},,@var{pattern}@}
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in @var{parameter}.
-The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of @var{parameter} is tested against
-@var{pattern}, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+First, the @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern
+as described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}.
+
+@code{Bash}
+then examines characters in the expanded value of @var{parameter}
+against @var{pattern} as described below.
+If a character matches the pattern, its case is converted.
The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
-The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters matching @var{pattern}
-to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
+Using
+@samp{^}
+converts lowercase letters matching @var{pattern} to uppercase;
+@samp{,}
+converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
+The
+@samp{^} and @samp{,} variants
+examine the first character in the expanded value
+and convert its case if it matches @var{pattern};
+the
+@samp{^^} and @samp{,,} variants
+examine all characters in the expanded value
+and convert each one that matches @var{pattern}.
If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
every character.
@cindex expansion, arithmetic
@cindex arithmetic expansion
-Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression
+Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression
and substitutes the result.
The format for arithmetic expansion is:
The @var{expression} undergoes the same expansions
as if it were within double quotes,
-but double quote characters in @var{expression} are not treated specially
-and are removed.
+but unescaped double quote characters
+in @var{expression} are not treated
+specially and are removed.
All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and quote removal.
The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+Since the way Bash handles double quotes
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expansion treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
expansion.
-If the @code{>(@var{list})} form is used, writing to
-the file provides input for @var{list}.
+If the
+@code{>(@var{list})} form is used, writing to the file
+provides input for @var{list}.
If the
@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, reading the file
obtains the output of @var{list}.
@file{.} and @file{..}
are always ignored when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
is set and not null.
-However, setting @env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of
-enabling the @code{dotglob}
+However, setting @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
+@code{dotglob}
shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
@samp{.}
match.
To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
-@samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}.
+@samp{.},
+make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}.
The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
is unset.
The @code{GLOBIGNORE}
pattern matching honors the setting of the @code{extglob} shell
option.
-After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the value of the
-@env{GLOBSORT} shell
-variable controls how the results are sorted, as described
-below (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+The value of the
+@env{GLOBSORT}
+shell variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted,
+as described below (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
@node Pattern Matching
@subsubsection Pattern Matching
Within a bracket expression, @dfn{character classes} can be specified
using the syntax
@code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the
-following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:
+following classes defined in the
+@sc{posix}
+standard:
@example
alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
print punct space upper word xdigit
@code{noclobber}
option to the
@code{set}
-builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
+builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
whose name results from the expansion of @var{word} exists and is
a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection operator is
-@samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled,
-Bash attemps the redirection
+If the redirection operator is @samp{>|},
+or the redirection operator is @samp{>} and
+the @code{noclobber} option to the @code{set}
+builtin is not enabled,
+Bash attempts the redirection
even if the file named by @var{word} exists.
@subsection Appending Redirected Output
Redirecting output in this fashion opens
-the file whose name results from the expansion of @var{word}
+the file whose name results from the expansion of
+@var{word}
for appending on file descriptor @var{n},
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
is not specified.
The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that look like primaries.
-The @sc{posix} standard has deprecated the @option{-a} and @option{-o}
+The
+@sc{posix}
+standard has deprecated the @option{-a} and @option{-o}
primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
Scripts should no longer use them.
It's much more reliable to restrict test invocations to a single primary,
shell receives any of the signals @var{sigspec}.
If @var{action} is absent (and
there is a single @var{sigspec}) or
-equal to @samp{-}, each specified @var{sigspec}'ss disposition is reset
+equal to @samp{-}, each specified @var{sigspec}'s disposition is reset
to the value it had when the shell was started.
If @var{action} is the null string, then the signal specified by
each @var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
non-zero exit status,
subject to the following conditions.
The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
-command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
+command list immediately following an
+@code{until} or @code{while} reserved word,
part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list
except the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
Readline does not expand the command string before saving it.
Since the entire key binding expression must be a single argument, it
should be enclosed in single quotes.
-When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets thex
+When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets the
@code{READLINE_LINE} variable to the contents of the Readline line
buffer
and the
The @option{-a} option means to list
each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
The @option{-s} option means to
-restrict @code{enable} to the @sc{posix} special builtins.
+restrict @code{enable} to the
+@sc{posix}
+special builtins.
The @option{-f} option means to load the new builtin command @var{name}
from shared object @var{filename}, on systems that support dynamic loading.
The default for @env{BASH_LOADABLES_PATH} is system-dependent,
and may include "." to force a search of the current directory.
The @option{-d} option will delete a builtin loaded with @option{-f}.
-If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins}).
+If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes a
+@sc{posix}
+special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins}).
If no options are supplied and a @var{name} is not a shell builtin,
@code{enable} will attempt to load @var{name} from a shared object named
Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
-on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise it displays
-a list of all builtins and shell compound commands.
+on all commands matching @var{pattern}
+as described below;
+otherwise it displays a list of
+all builtins and shell compound commands.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}
@end table
+If @var{pattern} contains pattern matching characters
+(@pxref{Pattern Matching})
+it's treated as a shell pattern and
+@code{help} prints the description of each
+help topic matching @var{pattern}.
+
+If not, and @var{pattern} exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+@code{help} prints the description
+associated with that topic.
+Otherwise, @code{help} performs prefix matching and
+prints the descriptions of all matching help topics.
+
The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
@item let
The pipe buffer size.
@item -q
-The maximum number of bytes in @sc{posix} message queues.
+The maximum number of bytes in
+@sc{posix}
+message queues.
@item -r
The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
@option{-b},
@option{-k},
@option{-n} and @option{-u}, which are unscaled values;
-and, when in @sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
+and, when in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
@option{-c} and @option{-f}, which are in 512-byte increments.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
or a compound command (@pxref{Compound Commands})
returns a non-zero status.
The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
-command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
+command list immediately following a
+@code{while} or @code{until} reserved word,
part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
This option is disabled by default.
@item posix
-Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+Enable @sc{posix} mode;
+change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard
(@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is readonly.
@item BASHPID
@item CHILD_MAX
Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a @sc{posix}-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
+Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a
+@sc{posix}-mandated minimum,
+and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not exceed.
The minimum value is system-dependent.
@item COLUMNS
Expanded and executed similarly to @code{BASH_ENV}
(@pxref{Bash Startup Files})
when an interactive shell is invoked in
-@sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+@sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
@item EPOCHREALTIME
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds
The first character is the @dfn{history expansion} character,
the character which begins a history expansion, normally
@samp{!}.
-The second character is the ``quick substitution'' character, normally
+The second character is the
+@dfn{quick substitution}
+character, normally
@samp{^}.
When it appears as the first character on the line,
history substitution repeats the previous command,
replacing one string with another.
-The optional third character is the character which indicates that
-the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
-of a word, usually @samp{#}.
+The optional third character is the
+@dfn{history comment}
+character, normally @samp{#},
+which indicates
+that the remainder of the line is a comment
+when it appears as the first character of a word.
The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
subsequently reset.
@item READLINE_ARGUMENT
-Any numeric argument given to a Readline command that was defined using
+Any numeric argument given to a Readline
+command that was defined using
@samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}
when it was invoked.
@item READLINE_LINE
-The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
-with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The contents of the Readline
+line buffer, for use with
+@samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
@item READLINE_MARK
-The position of the @dfn{mark} (saved insertion point) in the
-Readline line buffer, for use
+The position of the @dfn{mark} (saved insertion point) in the Readline
+line buffer, for use
with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
called the @dfn{region}.
@item READLINE_POINT
-The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
-with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The position of the insertion point in the Readline
+line buffer, for use with
+@samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
@item REPLY
The default variable for the @code{read} builtin;
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
reading any startup files.
+If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
+in the list.
This variable is readonly.
@item SHLVL
This is on by default if the shell is invoked as @code{sh}.
@item --posix
-Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard.
+Enable @sc{posix} mode;
+change the behavior of Bash
+where the default operation differs from the
+@sc{posix}
+standard to match the standard.
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
@xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a description of the Bash @sc{posix} mode.
@end table
@cindex login shell
-A @emph{login} shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
+A @dfn{login shell} is one whose first character of argument zero is
@samp{-}, or one invoked with the @option{--login} option.
@cindex interactive shell
-An @emph{interactive} shell is one started without non-option arguments,
-unless @option{-s} is specified, without specifying the @option{-c} option,
-and whose input and output (using the standard error) are both
-connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}), or one
-started with the @option{-i} option.
+An @dfn{interactive shell} is one started without non-option arguments,
+unless @option{-s} is specified,
+without specifying the @option{-c} option,
+and whose standard input and standard error are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by
+@i{isatty(3)}),
+or one started with the @option{-i} option.
@xref{Interactive Shells}, for more information.
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
@option{-c} nor the @option{-s}
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}).
+option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as
+the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, @code{$0}
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
are set to the remaining arguments.
Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
in the script.
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+Bash
+first attempts to open the file in the current directory,
+and, if no file is found, searches the directories in
+@env{PATH}
+for the script.
@node Bash Startup Files
@section Bash Startup Files
filename.
As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
-@option{--login} option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
+@option{--login} option,
+Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
login shell startup files.
@subsubheading Invoked with name @code{sh}
-If Bash is invoked with the name @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the
-startup behavior of historical versions of @code{sh} as closely as
-possible, while conforming to the @sc{posix} standard as well.
+If Bash is invoked with the name @command{sh},
+it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
+@command{sh} as closely as possible,
+while conforming to the
+@sc{posix}
+standard as well.
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
shell with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read
-and execute commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in
-that order.
+and execute commands from
+@file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile},
+in that order.
The @option{--noprofile} option inhibits this behavior.
-When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash
-looks for the variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined,
-and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
-Since a shell invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to read and execute
-commands from any other startup files, the @option{--rcfile} option has
-no effect.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @command{sh}, Bash
+looks for the variable @env{ENV},
+expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as @command{sh}
+does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
+files, the
+@option{--rcfile}
+option has no effect.
-A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt
-to read any other startup files.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @command{sh}
+does not attempt to read any other startup files.
-When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading
+When invoked as @command{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading
the startup files.
@subsubheading Invoked in @sc{posix} mode
When Bash is started in @sc{posix} mode, as with the
-@option{--posix} command line option, it follows the @sc{posix} standard
-for startup files.
+@option{--posix} command line option, it follows the
+@sc{posix}
+standard for startup files.
In this mode, interactive shells expand the @env{ENV} variable
and read and execute commands from the file whose name is the
expanded value.
@subsubheading Invoked by remote shell daemon
-Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+Bash
+attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
connected to a network connection, as when executed by
the historical and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually @code{rshd},
or the secure shell daemon @code{sshd}.
-If Bash
+If
+Bash
determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion,
-it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that
-file exists and is readable.
+it reads and executes commands from
+@file{~/.bashrc},
+if that file exists and is readable.
Bash does not read this file if invoked as @code{sh}.
The
@option{--norc}
When used with the @code{[[} command, this performs pattern matching as
described above (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} conformance.
+@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for
+@sc{posix}
+conformance.
@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
True if the strings are not equal.
may be positive or negative integers.
When used with the @code{[[} command, @var{arg1} and @var{arg2}
are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+Since the expansions the @code{[[} command performs on
+@var{arg1} and @var{arg2}
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+arithmetic expression evaluation treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
@end table
@node Shell Arithmetic
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
-that must expand to an integer (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic})) and are zero-based;
+that must expand to an integer (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}))
+and are zero-based;
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
-An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax
+The shell performs
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on indexed array subscripts.
+Since this
+can potentially result in empty strings,
+subscript indexing treats
+those as expressions that evaluate to 0.
+
+The shell performs
+tilde expansion,
+parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal
+on associative array subscripts.
+Empty strings cannot be used as associative array keys.
+
+Bash automatically creates an indexed array
+if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
@example
@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}
@end example
The @var{subscript}
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
greater than or equal to zero.
-To explicitly declare an array, use
+To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
@example
declare -a @var{name}
@end example
declare -A @var{name}
@end example
-Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the @code{declare} and
-@code{readonly} builtins.
+Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
+@code{declare} and @code{readonly} builtins.
Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
Arrays are assigned using compound assignments of the form
@var{name}, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
-The @samp{+=} operator appends to an array variable when assigning
-using the compound assignment syntax; see @ref{Shell Parameters} above.
+The @samp{+=}
+operator appends to an array variable when assigning
+using the compound assignment syntax; see
+@ref{Shell Parameters} above.
An array element is referenced using
@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}.
@subsection What is POSIX?
@cindex POSIX description
-@sc{posix} is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
+@sc{posix}
+is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
A number of Unix services, tools, and functions are part of the standard,
ranging from the basic system calls and C library functions to common
applications and tools to system administration and management.
shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
being part of the shell; examples of these are @code{eval} and
@code{export}.
-Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
+Other utilities appear in the sections of @sc{posix} not
devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
be) implemented as builtin commands, such as
@code{read} and @code{test}.
-POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
+@sc{posix} also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
behavior, including job control and command
line editing.
Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized;
specification, there are areas where the Bash default behavior
differs from the specification.
The Bash @dfn{posix mode} changes the Bash
-behavior in these areas so that it conforms more closely
+behavior in these areas so that it conforms more strictly
to the standard.
Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing
When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the
startup files.
-The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect:
+The following list is what's changed when @sc{posix} mode is in effect:
@enumerate
@item
@item
When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by @code{type}), Bash does
-not print the @code{function} keyword unless necessary.
+not print the @code{function} reserved word unless necessary.
@item
Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
The @code{kill} builtin does not accept signal names with a @samp{SIG}
prefix.
+@item
+The @code{kill} builtin returns a failure status if any of the pid or job
+arguments are invalid or if sending the specified signal to any of them
+fails.
+In default mode, @code{kill} returns success if the signal was
+successfully sent to any of the specified processes.
+
@item
The @code{printf} builtin uses @code{double} (via @code{strtod}) to convert
arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers, instead of
@item compat41
@itemize @bullet
@item
-In posix mode, @code{time} may be followed by options and still be
-recognized as a reserved word (this is @sc{posix} interpretation 267).
+In @sc{posix} mode, @code{time} may be followed by options and still be
+recognized as a reserved word (this is
+@sc{posix}
+interpretation 267).
@item
-In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
+In @sc{posix} mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
quotes occur in the @var{word} portion of a double-quoted $@{@dots{}@}
parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within
the single quotes are considered quoted
-(this is @sc{posix} interpretation 221).
+(this is
+@sc{posix}
+interpretation 221).
@end itemize
@item compat42
The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution does not
undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after bash-4.2.
@item
-In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
+In @sc{posix} mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
the @var{word} portion of a double-quoted $@{@dots{}@} parameter expansion
and can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character
-(this is part of @sc{posix} interpretation 221);
+(this is part of
+@sc{posix}
+interpretation 221);
in later versions, single quotes
are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
@end itemize
@itemize @bullet
@item
Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that cause the
-current command to fail, even in posix mode
+current command to fail, even in @sc{posix} mode
(the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell
to exit).
@item
@item
Variable assignments preceding builtins like @code{export} and @code{readonly}
that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same
-name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix
+name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in
+@sc{posix}
mode.
@end itemize
each process has a @dfn{process group @sc{id}}, and
the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
process group @sc{id}.
+This terminal process group @sc{id} is associated with the
+@dfn{controlling terminal}.
+
Processes that have the same process group ID are said to be part of
the same @dfn{process group}.
Members of the foreground process group (processes whose
Processes in the foreground process group are said to be
foreground processes.
Background processes
-are those whose process group @sc{id} differs from the terminal's;
+are those whose process group @sc{id} differs from the
+controlling terminal's;
such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if
-the user so specifies with @code{stty tostop}, write to the terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to
-read from (write to when @code{tostop} is in effect) the
-terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN} (@code{SIGTTOU})
-signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
+if the user so specifies with
+@code{stty tostop},
+write to the controlling terminal.
+The system sends a
+@code{SIGTTIN} (@code{SIGTTOU})
+signal to background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to when @code{tostop} is in effect)
+the terminal,
which, unless caught, suspends the process.
If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
@item
The compiler used to compile Bash.
@item
-A description of the bug behaviour.
+A description of the bug behavior.
@item
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
to reproduce it.
builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
@item
-Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of
+Bash implements the @code{!} reserved word to negate the return value of
a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}).
This is very useful when an @code{if} statement needs to act only if a
test fails.
An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before attempting the
directory change.
- If c\bcd\bd uses a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH,\b, or if -\b- is
+ If c\bcd\bd uses a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, or if -\b- is
the first argument, and the directory change is successful, c\bcd\bd
writes the absolute pathname of the new working directory to the
standard output.
though the shell normally searches for builtins before files.
If -\b-n\bn is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found usin g P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
instead of the shell builtin version, run
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise it displays a list of all the builtins and
- shell compound commands.
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
+ the builtins and shell compound commands.
+
+ Options, if supplied, have the follow meanings:
+
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
format
-\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn contains pattern matching characters (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn
+ M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) it's treated as a shell pattern and h\bhe\bel\blp\bp prints
+ the description of each help topic matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+
+ If not, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn exactly matches the name of a help topic,
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp prints the description associated with that topic. Other-
+ wise, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp performs prefix matching and prints the descriptions
+ of all matching help topics.
+
The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-a\ban\bnr\brw\bw [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-p\bp _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
- Entries prefixed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of _\bn
- lists only the last _\bn entries. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. If h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT, it does
- not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
+ With no options, display the command history list with numbers.
+ Entries prefixed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of _\bn
+ lists only the last _\bn entries. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. If h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT, it does
+ not print an intervening space between the formatted time stamp
and the history entry.
If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by uses it as the name of the his-
- tory file; if not, it uses the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is not supplied and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the -\b-a\ba,\b, -\b-n\bn,\b, -\b-r\br,\b,
+ tory file; if not, it uses the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ is not supplied and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the -\b-a\ba,\b, -\b-n\bn,\b, -\b-r\br,\b,
and -\b-w\bw options have no effect.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
can be used with the other options to replace the history
list.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the history lines to the history file. These are
- history lines entered since the beginning of the current
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the history
+ -\b-a\ba Append the history lines to the history file. These are
+ history lines entered since the beginning of the current
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the history
file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
file and add them to the current history list. These are
lines appended to the history file since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
rent history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output, without stor-
- ing the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output, without stor-
+ ing the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
adding the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by writes the time
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by writes the time
stamp information associated with each history entry to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
- scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
- with the history comment character followed immediately by a
- digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character as de-
+ scribed above. When the history file is read, lines beginning
+ with the history comment character followed immediately by a
+ digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history
entry.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an
invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the
history expansion supplied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs restricts output to information
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs restricts output to information
about that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option
is encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] _\bi_\bd [ ... ]
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal specified by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ Send the signal specified by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
named by each _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or
- a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive signal
- name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or a sig-
- nal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not sup-
+ a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive signal
+ name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or a sig-
+ nal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not sup-
plied, then k\bki\bil\bll\bl sends S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
The -\b-l\bl option lists the signal names. If any arguments are sup-
plied when -\b-l\bl is given, k\bki\bil\bll\bl lists the names of the signals cor-
- responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
- _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a sig-
- nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
- nal; if it is supplied, k\bki\bil\bll\bl prints the name of the signal that
+ responding to the arguments, and the return status is 0. The
+ _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a sig-
+ nal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a sig-
+ nal; if it is supplied, k\bki\bil\bll\bl prints the name of the signal that
caused the process to terminate. k\bki\bil\bll\bl assumes that process exit
statuses are greater than 128; anything less than that is a sig-
nal number. The -\b-L\bL option is equivalent to -\b-l\bl.
- k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent,
or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Each _\ba_\br_\bg is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
+ Each _\ba_\br_\bg is evaluated as an arithmetic expression (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
l\ble\bet\bt returns 1; otherwise l\ble\bet\bt returns 0.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
For each argument, create a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and assign
- it _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted by d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
+ it _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted by d\bde\be-\b-
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
within a function.
- If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
- function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: any shell options changed
- using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after the call to l\blo\bo-\b-
- c\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the function re-
- turns. The restore is performed as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands
- were executed to restore the values that were in place before
+ If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, it makes the set of shell options local to the
+ function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: any shell options changed
+ using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after the call to l\blo\bo-\b-
+ c\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the function re-
+ turns. The restore is performed as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands
+ were executed to restore the values that were in place before
the function.
- With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
+ With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
standard output.
- The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function,
+ The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function,
an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt [\b[_\bn]\b]
- Exit a login shell, returning a status of _\bn to the shell's par-
+ Exit a login shell, returning a status of _\bn to the shell's par-
ent.
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd
- if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
- _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd
+ if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied, into the indexed array variable
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd Use the first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm to terminate each input
+ -\b-d\bd Use the first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm to terminate each input
line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string,
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL charac-
ter.
-\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, copy all lines.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns zero unless an invalid option or option argument
- is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is
+ is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is
not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, so
- p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd is equivalent to With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top
- directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
+ Remove entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, so
+ p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd is equivalent to With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top
+ directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when removing di-
rectories from the stack, only manipulate the stack.
- +\b+_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ +\b+_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
example: removes the first directory, the second.
- -\b-_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: removes
+ -\b-_\bn Remove the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: removes
the last directory, the next to last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
- the directory stack is empty, or _\bn specifies a non-existent di-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is supplied,
+ the directory stack is empty, or _\bn specifies a non-existent di-
rectory stack entry.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option assigns the output to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option assigns the output to the
variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than printing it to the standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
- addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcC\bCs\bsS\bS-\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcC\bCs\bsS\bS-\b-
n\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\beE\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional for-
mat specifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$ quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$ quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
number of seconds since the epoch. This format specifier
recognizes two special argument values: -1 represents the
- current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
+ current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was
invoked. If no argument is specified, conversion behaves
- as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
+ as if -1 had been supplied. This is an exception to the
usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behavior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes. The %S and %C format specifiers
are equivalent to %ls and %lc, respectively.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
- is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ is the numeric value of the following character, using the cur-
rent locale.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Add a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate the
- stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
- rectory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ stack, making the new top of the stack the current working di-
+ rectory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
- adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppress the normal change of directory when rotating or
+ adding directories to the stack, only manipulate the
stack.
+\b+_\bn Rotate the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting from
- the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero)
+ the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero)
is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top.
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero un-
- less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero un-
+ less the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns zero unless the directory stack is empty or
_\bn specifies a non-existent directory stack element.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-E\bEe\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs]
[-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Read one line from the standard input, or from the file descrip-
- tor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split it into
- words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh (1) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and assign
- the first word to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the second
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
- maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable are used
+ tor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split it into
+ words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh (1) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and assign
+ the first word to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the second
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the re-
+ maining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable are used
to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses
for expansion (described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh (1) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The
backslash character (\\b\) removes any special meaning for the next
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm terminates the input line,
- rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm terminates the input line,
+ rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character.
- -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
- line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
- editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
+ -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
+ line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
+ editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be's default filename completion.
- -\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
- line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
- editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
- uses bash's default completion, including programmable
+ -\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
+ line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
+ editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
+ uses bash's default completion, including programmable
completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bd places
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bd places
_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
- ters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, unless it encoun-
+ ters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, but honors a delimiter if it
reads fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters before the delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
it encounters EOF or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Any delimiter char-
- acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
+ acters in the input are not treated specially and do not
cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until it has read _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters.
The result is not split on the characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS; the in-
tent is that the variable is assigned exactly the charac-
- ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the -\b-r\br
+ ters read (with the exception of backslash; see the -\b-r\br
option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
- line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
+ line, before attempting to read any input, but only if
input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if it does not
- read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
- characters) within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a
- decimal number with a fractional portion following the
- decimal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, it saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and the exit status is
- greater than 128. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
- ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
- the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if it does not
+ read a complete line of input (or a specified number of
+ characters) within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a
+ decimal number with a fractional portion following the
+ decimal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, it saves any partial input read into
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and the exit status is
+ greater than 128. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. In this case,
+ the exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-
zero otherwise.
- -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- Other than the case where _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd ig-
+ Other than the case where _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd ig-
nores any NUL characters in the input.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, r\bre\bea\bad\bd assigns the line read, without
- the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, r\bre\bea\bad\bd assigns the line read, without
+ the ending delimiter but otherwise unmodified, to the variable
R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY.
The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
+ times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a
variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly vari-
- able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
+ able) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
may not be changed by subsequent assignment or unset. If the -\b-f\bf
- option is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell function. The
- -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the -\b-A\bA op-
+ option is supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell function. The
+ -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the -\b-A\bA op-
tion restricts the variables to associative arrays. If both op-
- tions are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
- are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, print a list of
- all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
+ tions are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ are supplied, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, print a list of
+ all readonly names. The other options may be used to restrict
the output to a subset of the set of readonly names. The -\b-p\bp op-
tion displays output in a format that may be reused as input.
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by allows the value of a variable to be set at the same
time the readonly attribute is changed by following the variable
- name with =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. This sets the value of the variable is to
+ name with =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. This sets the value of the variable is to
_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be while modifying the readonly attribute.
- The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
- one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is
+ The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+ one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is
supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
+ Stop executing a shell function or sourced file and return the
value specified by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return
- status is that of the last command executed. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is exe-
- cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
+ status is that of the last command executed. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is exe-
+ cuted by a trap handler, the last command used to determine the
status is the last command executed before the trap handler. If
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
+ determine the status is the last command executed by the trap
handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked.
When r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used to terminate execution of a script being ex-
- ecuted by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
+ ecuted by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
significant 8 bits.
- Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before
+ Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before
execution resumes after the function or script.
- The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is supplied a non-nu-
+ The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is supplied a non-nu-
meric argument, or is used outside a function and not during ex-
ecution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo
- s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, ..., $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, ..., $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt or af-
- ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
+ ter a foreground command terminates. This is effective
only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)), exits with a non-zero
- status. The shell does not exit if the command that
- fails is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
- i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
- nal &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last
- (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or
- if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
- If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
- non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
- being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
- if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
- applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT in
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)), and may cause subshells to exit before execut-
- ing all the commands in the subshell.
-
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)), exits with a non-zero
+ status. The shell does not exit if the command that
+ fails is part of the command list immediately following
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl reserved word, part of the test follow-
+ ing the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command
+ executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following
+ the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell op-
+ tion), or if the command's return value is being in-
+ verted with !\b!. If a compound command other than a sub-
+ shell returns a non-zero status because a command failed
+ while -\b-e\be was being ignored, the shell does not exit. A
+ trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+ This option applies to the shell environment and each
+ subshell environment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)), and may cause subshells to exit
+ before executing all the commands in the subshell.
+
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). All processes
- run in a separate process group. When a background job
- completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). All processes
+ run in a separate process group. When a background job
+ completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
status.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
h\bha\bas\bsh\bha\bal\bll\bl Same as -\b-h\bh.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bte\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-H\bH.
- h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)
- under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)
+ under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
interactive shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command had been
+ The effect is as if the shell command had been
executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
- in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) for a reference to a document that
- details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Enable posix mode; change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ where the default operation differs from the
+ POSIX standard to match the standard. See S\bSE\bEE\bE
+ A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) for a reference to a document
+ that details how posix mode affects bash's be-
+ havior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
- part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or if
- the command's return value is being inverted using !\b!. These are
- the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) option.
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl reserved word, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf state-
+ ment, part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the
+ command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell op-
+ tion), or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
+ tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
Indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if used as a command
name.
- If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a string which is one of
- _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias,
- shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
- spectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints nothing and
+ If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a string which is one of
+ _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias,
+ shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
+ spectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints nothing and
returns a non-zero exit status.
- If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the pathname of
- the executable file that would be found by searching $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or nothing if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces
- a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If
+ If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the pathname of
+ the executable file that would be found by searching $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or nothing if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces
+ a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is present in the table of hashed commands, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print
the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears
first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH.
- If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that
- contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, reserved
- words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (-\b-p\bp
- and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
- files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed commands when
+ If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that
+ contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, reserved
+ words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (-\b-p\bp
+ and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
+ files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed commands when
using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments are
+ m\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments are
found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes it starts, on systems that allow such control.
- The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
+ The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by
a non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt sets both the soft and hard limits.
The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt can be a number in the unit specified for the
- resource or one of the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd,
- which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
- and no limit, respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt prints
- the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
- -\b-H\bH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
- the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
+ resource or one of the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd,
+ which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+ and no limit, respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt prints
+ the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
+ -\b-H\bH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
+ the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
value. Other options are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba Report all current limits; no limits are set.
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size.
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created.
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment.
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority (
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children.
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals.
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated.
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit).
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set).
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size.
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user.
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children.
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks.
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals.
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds.
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads.
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is supplied, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is
- the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is supplied, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is
+ the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
plied, then -\b-f\bf is assumed.
- Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt, which is in
- seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of
- 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled
- values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in
- 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
+ Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt, which is in
+ seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of
+ 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled
+ values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in
+ 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting
a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
- Set the user file-creation mask to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with a
+ Set the user file-creation mask to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with a
digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is in-
- terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk prints the current value of
the mask. The -\b-S\bS option without a _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument prints the mask
in a symbolic format; the default output is an octal number. If
the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in
- a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
- if the mode was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was
+ a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
+ if the mode was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was
supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
- moved. If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable
- with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the
- variable it references. -\b-n\bn has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is
- supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
- When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
- from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
- tions are supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is
- no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
- unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
+ and that variable is removed. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
+ moved. If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable
+ with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the
+ variable it references. -\b-n\bn has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is
+ supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
+ When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
+ from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
+ tions are supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is
+ no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
+ unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bB-\b-
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE,
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
- O\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are unset, they lose their special properties,
- even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE,
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
+ O\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are unset, they lose their special properties,
+ even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd ...]
Wait for each specified child process _\bi_\bd and return the termina-
- tion status of the last _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd or
- a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc; if a jobspec is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
+ tion status of the last _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd or
+ a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc; if a jobspec is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
waits for all processes in the job.
- If no options or _\bi_\bds are supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ If no options or _\bi_\bds are supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any one of the
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any one of the
given _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job or process substi-
tution, to complete and returns its exit status. If none of the
- supplied _\bi_\bds is a child of the shell, or if no _\bi_\bds are supplied
- and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
+ supplied _\bi_\bds is a child of the shell, or if no _\bi_\bds are supplied
+ and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
127.
- If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt assigns the process or job
- identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
- the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The vari-
- able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
- any assignment. This is useful only when used with the -\b-n\bn op-
+ If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt assigns the process or job
+ identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
+ the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The vari-
+ able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
+ any assignment. This is useful only when used with the -\b-n\bn op-
tion.
- Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control is enabled, forces
- w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for each _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning its sta-
+ Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control is enabled, forces
+ w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for each _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning its sta-
tus, instead of returning when it changes status.
- If none of the _\bi_\bds specify one of the shell's active child
- processes, the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by
- a signal, any _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will remain unset, and the return status
+ If none of the _\bi_\bds specify one of the shell's active child
+ processes, the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by
+ a signal, any _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will remain unset, and the return status
will be greater than 128, as described under S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1).
Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last _\bi_\bd.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin (c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
+ p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is
- intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
- is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
- current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
+ intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
+ is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
+ current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
tion.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the right hand
- side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
- in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the right hand
+ side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
+ in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
sions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
Starting with bash-4.4, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh began deprecating older compatibility lev-
els. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
- option for the previous version. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is the only mechanism to
+ Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
+ option for the previous version. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is the only mechanism to
control the compatibility level in versions newer than bash-5.0.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=) has no special effect.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo In posix mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267).
+\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2.
- +\bo In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit).
- +\bo When executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo When executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo The shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
- parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
+ +\bo The shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
abled.
- +\bo A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo Variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo Variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
ity level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0.
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
+\bo Arithmetic commands ( (\b((\b(...)\b))\b) ) and the expressions in an
arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once.
- +\bo Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
- the [\b[[\b[ conditional command can be expanded more than
+ +\bo Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
+ the [\b[[\b[ conditional command can be expanded more than
once.
- +\bo The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
+ +\bo The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
can be expanded more than once.
+\bo The expressions in the $\b$(\b((\b(...)\b))\b) word expansion can be ex-
panded more than once.
- +\bo Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
+ +\bo Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
can be expanded more than once.
- +\bo t\bte\bes\bst\bt -\b-v\bv, when given an argument of A\bA[\b[@\b@]\b], where A\bA is an
+ +\bo t\bte\bes\bst\bt -\b-v\bv, when given an argument of A\bA[\b[@\b@]\b], where A\bA is an
existing associative array, will return true if the array
- has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
+ has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
on a key named @\b@.
+\bo The ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[\b[:\b:]\b]=\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be} word expansion will return
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, before any variable-specific transformations have
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, before any variable-specific transformations have
been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2
will return the final value assigned to the variable.
- +\bo Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
+ +\bo Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
globbing (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin above)
- is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
+ is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
taining an extglob pattern (say, as part of a shell func-
- tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
- able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
- pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
- time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
+ tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
+ able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
+ pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
+ time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
mand is executed.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b52\b2
- +\bo The t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
- parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
+ +\bo The t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
+ parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
guments.
- +\bo If the -\b-p\bp or -\b-P\bP option is supplied to the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin,
+ +\bo If the -\b-p\bp or -\b-P\bP option is supplied to the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin,
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats any arguments remaining after option process-
- ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
- quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
+ ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
+ quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
arguments as key sequences to bind.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+++ /dev/null
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--2.5 E F0(function)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad72>144 360 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
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-96 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F0(name)
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-<ad70>3.134 E F1 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .567
-(options or)144 108 R F0(name)3.067 E F1 3.067(sa)C .567(re supplied, e)
--3.067 F .566(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)
--.15 F .566(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E .046
-(them to be reused as input.)144 120 R(The)5.046 E F2<ad72>2.546 E F1
-.046(option remo)2.546 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.547(sac).15 G .047
-(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.547 F F0(name)2.547 E F1 2.547
-(,o)C .847 -.4(r, i)-2.547 H(f).4 E(no)144 132 Q F0(name)2.954 E F1
-2.953(sa)C .453(re supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)-2.953 F
-(The)5.453 E F2<ad44>2.953 E F1 .453
-(option indicates that other supplied)2.953 F .687(options and actions \
-should apply to the command completion; that is, completion attempted o\
-n a)144 144 R 1.563(command for which no completion has pre)144 156 R
-1.562(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)6.562 E F2<ad45>4.062 E F1
-1.562(option indicates that)4.062 F 1.018(other supplied options and ac\
-tions should apply to command completion; that is, completion at-)144
-168 R 1.003(tempted on a blank line.)144 180 R(The)6.003 E F2<ad49>3.503
-E F1 1.002
-(option indicates that other supplied options and actions should)3.503 F
-.52(apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 192 R .52
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter)-.1 F .726(such as)144
-204 R F2(;)3.226 E F1(or)3.226 E F2(|)3.226 E F1 3.226(,w)C .726
-(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.226 F .725
-(If multiple options are supplied, the)5.725 F F2<ad44>144 216 Q F1 .636
-(option tak)3.136 F .636(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
-<ad45>3.136 E F1 3.136(,a)C .637(nd both tak)-3.136 F 3.137(ep)-.1 G
-.637(recedence o)-3.137 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad49>3.137 E F1
-5.637(.I)C 3.137(fa)-5.637 G .937 -.15(ny o)-3.137 H(f).15 E F2<ad44>
-3.137 E F1(,)A F2<ad45>3.137 E F1 3.137(,o)C(r)-3.137 E F2<ad49>3.137 E
-F1 1.588(are supplied, an)144 228 R 4.088(yo)-.15 G(ther)-4.088 E F0
-(name)4.088 E F1(ar)4.088 E 1.588
-(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case)-.18 F
-(speci\214ed by the option.)144 240 Q .152
-(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-256.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed in)144
-268.8 Q F0(bash)2.5 E F1(\(1\).)A .556
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 285.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
-(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
-(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F1(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F1 3.055
-(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F1 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
-144 297.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F1(and)3.222 E
-F2<ad53>3.222 E F1 .723
-(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion before the)144 309.6 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 326.4 Q
-F0(comp-option)2.5 E F1(The)184 338.4 Q F0(comp-option)2.791 E F1 .291
-(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
-.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 350.4 Q F0
-(comp-option)5 E F1(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 362.4 Q F1
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 374.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E
-F1 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224
-386.4 Q F2(default)184 398.4 Q F1 2.876(Use readline')224 398.4 R 5.376
-(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
-(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 410.4 Q F2(dir)184 422.4 Q(names)-.15 E F1(Perform directory name c\
-ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 434.4 Q F2
-(\214lenames)184 446.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 458.4 S .137(ll readline that th\
-e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>
--.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 470.4 R
-2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)
--2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224
-482.4 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 494.4 Q
-F2(fullquote)184 506.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 518.4 S
-(ll readline to quote all the completed w).7 E(ords e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
-(re not \214lenames.)-2.5 E F2(noquote)184 530.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 530.4 S
-.814(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1
-F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
-(\214lenames is the def)224 542.4 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 554.4 Q
-F1 -.7(Te)224 554.4 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\
-letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 566.4 Q F1 -.7(Te)
-224 566.4 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
-(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
-578.4 Q F2(plusdirs)184 590.4 Q F1 1.985(After an)224 590.4 R 4.485(ym)
--.15 G 1.985
-(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.583(completion is attempted and an)224 602.4 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
-614.4 Q F2<ad41>144 626.4 Q F0(action)2.5 E F1(The)184 638.4 Q F0
-(action)2.5 E F1(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184
-650.4 Q F1(Alias names.)224 650.4 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2
-<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(arrayv)184 662.4 Q(ar)-.1 E F1(Array v)224 674.4 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F2(binding)184 686.4 Q(Readline)224 686.4 Q F1
--.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F2 -.2(bu)184 698.4 S
-(iltin).2 E F1(Names of shell b)224 698.4 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad62>2.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)184 84 Q F1(Command names.)224 96 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(dir)184 108 Q
-(ectory)-.18 E F1(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)
-5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(disabled)184 132 Q F1
-(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F2(enabled)184 156 Q
-F1(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F2(export)184 168 Q
-F1(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(\214le)184 180 Q
-F1(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F1
-(.)A F2(function)184 192 Q F1(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F2(gr)
-184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F1(Group names.)224 216 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad67>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(helptopic)184
-228 Q F1(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F2(help)2.5 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(hostname)184 252 Q F1(Hostnames, as tak)224 264
-Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F1(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(job)184 276 Q F1
-(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F2<ad6a>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ke)184 288 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F1(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
--.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F2<ad6b>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(running)184
-312 Q F1(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F1(Service names.)224 324
-Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad73>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(setopt)184 336
-Q F1 -1.11(Va)224 336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F2<ad6f>2.5
-E F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2
-(shopt)184 348 Q F1(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F2
-(shopt)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(signal)184 360 Q F1
-(Signal names.)224 360 Q F2(stopped)184 372 Q F1
-(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(.).15 E F2(user)184 384 Q F1(User names.)224 384 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2<ad75>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(va)184 396 S
-(riable).1 E F1(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F2<ad76>2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad43>144 408 Q F0
-(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F1 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
-(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5
-(completions. Ar)184 432 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F2
-<ad46>2.5 E F1(option.)2.5 E F2<ad46>144 444 Q F0(function)2.5 E F1 .113
-(The shell function)184 456 R F0(function)2.614 E F1 .114(is e)2.614 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F2
-($1)A F1 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
-(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F2
-($2)A F1 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104
-(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F1 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
--2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R
-.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F1(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F2<ad47>144 528 Q F0(globpat)2.5 E F1 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R
-1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F0(globpat)3.507 E F1 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q
-F2<ad50>144 564 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
-F1 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
-(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F2<ad53>144 600 Q F0(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F1
-(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F2<ad57>144 612 Q F0(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F1(The)184 624 Q F0(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F1 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F1 1.139
-(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
-F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F0(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F1
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766
-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
-(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1 1.964
-(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F2<ad58>144 684
-Q F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F1 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F0(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F1 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F2(!)3.204 E F1
-(in)3.204 E F0(\214lterpat)3.204 E F1(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
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-F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46
-(The return v)144 100.8 R .46(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.4 G .461(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.961 E F1(,)A F2<ad72>2.961 E F1(,)A F2<ad44>
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-.486(is supplied without a)2.986 F F0(name)2.986 E F1(ar)2.986 E .486
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485
-(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163(tion for a)144 124.8 R F0(name)2.663
-E F1 .164(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164
-(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F
-(tion.)144 136.8 Q F2(compopt)108 153.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
-(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0
-(option)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 165.6 R F0(name)2.947 E F1 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F0(option)2.947 E F1 .447
-(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 177.6 R F0(name)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F0(option)3.225 E F1 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 189.6 Q F0(name)
-3.224 E F1 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F0(option)3.224 E F1 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 201.6 Q F1 -.2(bu)
-2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F2<ad44>2.678 E F1 .178
-(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-.805(the command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command\
- for which no completion)144 213.6 R .556(has pre)144 225.6 R .556
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.556 E F2<ad45>3.056 E F1 .557
-(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)3.056 F
-.519(command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
-144 237.6 R(The)5.518 E F2<ad49>3.018 E F1 .518(option indicates that)
-3.018 F .456(other supplied options should apply to completion on the i\
-nitial non-assignment w)144 249.6 R .456(ord on the line,)-.1 F
-(or after a command delimiter such as)144 261.6 Q F2(;)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E
-F2(|)2.5 E F1 2.5(,w)C(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.5 E
-.432(The return v)144 278.4 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25
-(va)-.4 G .431
-(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 290.4 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1
-(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 307.2 Q F1([)
-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 319.2 R .85
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F1(,)A
-F2(while)3.351 E F1(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F1 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
-(select)3.351 E F1 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F0(n)3.711 E F1 .851
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 331.2 R F0(n)2.704 E
-F1 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F0(n)5.564 E F1 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F1 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F0(n)3.063 E F1 .203
-(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F .751
-(the shell resumes the last enclosing loop \(the loop\).)144 343.2 R
-.751(The return v)5.751 F .751(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F0(n)3.251 E F1
-.752(is not greater)3.251 F(than or equal to 1.)144 355.2 Q F2(declar)
-108 372 Q(e)-.18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad70>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C
-1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E F2(typeset)108 384 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5
-E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E 1.265
-(Declare v)144 396 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F0(name)
-3.765 E F1 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G
-1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 408 S
-3.46(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.46 E F1 .96
-(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96(utes and v)-.2 F .96
-(alues of each)-.25 F F0(name)3.82 E F1 5.96(.W).18 G(hen)-5.96 E F2
-<ad70>3.46 E F1 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 420 Q F0(name)2.775 E F1(ar)
-2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2<ad66>
-2.775 E F1(and)2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F1 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)
--2.775 F(When)5.274 E F2<ad70>2.774 E F1 .274(is supplied)2.774 F
-(without)144 432 Q F0(name)2.863 E F1(ar)2.863 E .363
-(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F .363(utes and v)-.2 F .364
-(alues of all v)-.25 F .364(ariables ha)-.25 F .364(ving the attrib-)-.2
-F .118(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)144 444 R .118
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.118 F F2<ad70>2.618 E F1(,)A F2
-(declar)2.618 E(e)-.18 E F1 .118(will dis-)2.618 F .469(play the attrib)
-144 456 R .469(utes and v)-.2 F .469(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 2.969
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.969 E F1 .47
-(option will restrict the display to shell)2.97 F 3.118(functions. The)
-144 468 R F2<ad46>3.118 E F1 .617(option inhibits the display of functi\
-on de\214nitions; only the function name and)3.117 F(attrib)144 480 Q
-1.058(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.058(If the)6.058 F F2(extdeb)3.558 E(ug)
--.2 E F1 1.059(shell option is enabled using)3.559 F F2(shopt)3.559 E F1
-3.559(,t)C 1.059(he source \214le name)-3.559 F 1.282
-(and line number where each)144 492 R F0(name)3.781 E F1 1.281
-(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.781 F(The)6.281 E F2<ad46>3.781 E
-F1 1.281(option implies)3.781 F F2<ad66>3.781 E F1(.)A(The)144 504 Q F2
-<ad67>2.734 E F1 .234(option forces v)2.734 F .235
-(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.735(nw).15 G(hen)-2.735 E F2(declar)2.735 E(e)-.18 E F1(is)
-2.735 E -.15(exe)144 516 S .528(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .528
-(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.528 F(The)5.527 E F2<ad49>3.027 E
-F1 .527(option causes local v)3.027 F(ariables)-.25 E .87
-(to inherit the attrib)144 528 R .87(utes \(e)-.2 F .87(xcept the)-.15 F
-F0(namer)3.371 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.371 E .871(ute\) and v)-.2 F .871
-(alue of an)-.25 F 3.371(ye)-.15 G .871(xisting v)-3.521 F .871
-(ariable with the)-.25 F(same)144 540 Q F0(name)3.458 E F1 .958
-(at a surrounding scope.)3.458 F .958(If there is no e)5.958 F .957
-(xisting v)-.15 F .957(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .957
-(ariable is initially)-.25 F 2.745(unset. The)144 552 R(follo)2.745 E
-.245(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .246
-(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F(ute)-.2 E(or to gi)144 564
-Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F2<ad61>144 576
-Q F1(Each)180 576 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5
-(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E
-F0(bash)2.5 E F1(\(1\)\).)A F2<ad41>144 588 Q F1(Each)180 588 Q F0(name)
-2.5 E F1(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E
-(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F0(bash)2.5 E F1
-(\(1\)\).)A F2<ad66>144 600 Q F1(Use function names only)180 600 Q(.)
--.65 E F2<ad69>144 612 Q F1 .558(The v)180 612 R .558
-(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557
-(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 624 Q F1(in)2.25
-E F0(bash)2.5 E F1(\(1\)\) is performed when the v)A
-(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 636 Q F1 .909
-(When the v)180 636 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
-(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 648 R(upper)
-2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 660 Q F1(Gi)
-180 660 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F0(name)3.82 E F1(the)3.82 E
-F0(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F1(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
-(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477
-(That other v)180 672 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(name)2.978 E F1 5.478(.A)C .478
-(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 684 Q .782
-(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F0(name)3.282 E F1 3.282(,e)C .782
-(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F2<ad6e>3.281 E F1(attrib)
-3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 696 R
-.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F0(name)3.308 E F1 1.908 -.55('s v)D
-3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2
-F(applied to array v)180 708 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
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-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
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-F1 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154
-(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.154
-(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 96 Q
-F2<ad74>144 108 Q F1(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F0
-(name)2.929 E F1(the)2.929 E F0(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F1(attrib)2.929 E
-2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929
-E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F1
-(traps from the calling shell.)180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
-(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 132
-Q F1 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
-(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)
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-156 Q F1(Mark)180 156 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
-(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.19
-(Using instead of turns of)144 172.8 R 3.69(ft)-.25 G 1.19(he attrib)
--3.69 F 1.191(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F 1.191(xceptions that)-.15 F
-F2(+a)3.691 E F1(and)3.691 E F2(+A)3.691 E F1 1.191(may not be)3.691 F
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-1.361(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.861 E F1 1.361(will not remo)3.861 F
-1.661 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.361(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.861(ute. When)
--.2 F 1.361(used in a)3.861 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F2(declar)3.543 E(e)
--.18 E F1(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F1(mak)3.543 E 3.543(ee)-.1 G
-(ach)-3.543 E F0(name)3.543 E F1 1.043(local, as with the)3.543 F F2
-(local)3.544 E F1 1.044(command, unless the)3.544 F F2<ad67>3.544 E F1
-1.205(option is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205
-(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F0(value)A F1 3.705
-(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(value)144 220.8 Q F1 5.217(.W)C .217
-(hen using)-5.217 F F2<ad61>2.717 E F1(or)2.717 E F2<ad41>2.717 E F1
-.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218
-(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 232.8 R .882
-(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882
-(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882
-(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .458(lid optio\
-n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using an at\
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-(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242
-(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242
-(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E .221
-(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F2
-(Arrays)2.721 E F1(in)2.721 E F0(bash)2.721 E F1 .221
-(\(1\)\), one of the)B F0(names)2.722 E F1 .222(is not a)2.722 F -.25
-(va)144 280.8 S .172(lid shell v).25 F .171
-(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171
-(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171(ariable, an)-.25 F .96
-(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa)-.25 G .96
-(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96
-(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q
-(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F0(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F0(n)A F2
-(])A F1 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329
-(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
-.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 357.6 Q
-F1 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F1 .928(command remo)3.428
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928
-(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 369.6 S
-(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 381.6 Q F1
-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q
-F2<ad6c>144 393.6 Q F1 .881
-(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882
-(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
-405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 417.6 Q F1
-(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F2<ad76>
-144 429.6 Q F1 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
-pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772
-(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F2(+)144 453.6 Q F0(n)A F1
-1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F0(n)4.064 E F1 1.565
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2
-(dirs)4.065 E F1 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F2<ad>144 477.6 Q F0
-(n)A F1 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F0(n)3.694 E F1 1.194
-(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
-F2(dirs)3.694 E F1 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144
-506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
-(lid option is supplied or).25 F F0(n)2.758 E F1(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F2(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F1([)2.5 E F2
-(\255ar)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(jobspec)-2.5 E F1
--3.332 1.666(... |)2.5 H F0(pid).834 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H -.4
-(Wi)144 547.2 S .122(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
-.15 E F0(jobspec)4.362 E F1 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422
--.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F0(jobspec)4.362 E F1 .121
-(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F2<ad61>2.596
-E F1 .096(nor the)2.596 F F2<ad72>2.596 E F1 .096
-(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F0(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F1
-.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2<ad68>2.596 E F1 .096
-(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F0(jobspec)
-145.74 571.2 Q F1 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.086(df).15 G
-.585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1
-F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F1 .585
-(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 .962
-(If no)5.462 F F0(jobspec)5.202 E F1 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2
-<ad61>3.462 E F1 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
-H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F2
-<ad72>3.859 E F1 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F0(jobspec)5.599 E F1
-(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
-1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F0
-(jobspec)4.24 E F1(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F2(echo)108 624 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F0(ar)
-2.924 E(g)-.37 E F1 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424
-(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424
-(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308(error occurs.)144 648 R
-(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F1 .308(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)
-2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>
-2.807 E F1 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F
-(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 660 R .198
-(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F2
-<ad45>2.698 E F1 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567
-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2
-(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F1 .681
-(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.18 F
-F2(echo)3.181 E F1 .681(interprets an)3.181 F(y)-.15 E .94
-(options and e)144 696 R .94(xpands these escape characters by def)-.15
-F(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.94 E F1 .94(does not interpret)3.44 F F2<adad>
-3.44 E F1 .94(to mean the)3.44 F(end of options.)144 708 Q F2(echo)5 E
-F1(interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
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-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 84 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F2(\\b)144 96 Q
-F1(backspace)180 96 Q F2(\\c)144 108 Q F1(suppress further output)180
-108 Q F2(\\e)144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F1(an escape character)180 132 Q F2
-(\\f)144 144 Q F1(form feed)180 144 Q F2(\\n)144 156 Q F1(ne)180 156 Q
-2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 168 Q F1(carriage return)180 168 Q
-F2(\\t)144 180 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F2(\\v)144 192 Q F1 -.15
-(ve)180 192 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 204 Q F1(backslash)180 204 Q
-F2(\\0)144 216 Q F0(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 216 Q
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 228 Q F0(HH)A F1
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2(\\u)144 240 Q F0(HHHH)A F1
-1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHH)
-4.007 E F1(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2
-(\\U)144 276 Q F0(HHHHHHHH)A F1 .548
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F0(HHHHH-)
-3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F1(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F2(enable)108 316.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad61>A F1 2.5(][)C F2
-(\255dnps)-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad66>-2.5 E F0(\214lename)2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .277
-(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278
-(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278
-(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144
-340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834
-(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333
-(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144
-352.8 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F2<ad6e>
-3.489 E F1 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F0(name)3.49 E F1 .99(is dis-)3.49 F
-.649(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F0(names)3.148 E F1 .648
-(are enabled.)3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648
-(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F2(test)3.148 E F1 .648
-(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)
--.189 E F1(in-)2.898 E .328(stead of the shell b)144 376.8 R .329
-(uiltin v)-.2 F .329(ersion, run The)-.15 F F2<ad66>2.829 E F1 .329
-(option means to load the ne)2.829 F 2.829(wb)-.25 G .329
-(uiltin command)-3.029 F F0(name)3.189 E F1 .132(from shared object)144
-388.8 R F0(\214lename)4.542 E F1 2.632(,o).18 G 2.632(ns)-2.632 G .131
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-2.632 F F2(Bash)5.131 E F1 .131
-(will use the v)2.631 F .131(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 400.8 Q F2 -.3(BA)
-4.456 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1
--.25(va)4.456 G 1.956
-(riable as a colon-separated list of directories in which to).25 F 1.315
-(search for)144 412.8 R F0(\214lename)3.815 E F1 3.815(,i)C(f)-3.815 E
-F0(\214lename)3.815 E F1 1.314(does not contain a slash.)3.814 F 1.314
-(The def)6.314 F 1.314(ault is system-dependent, and)-.1 F .789
-(may include to force a search of the current directory)144 424.8 R
-5.789(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.789 E F2<ad64>3.29 E F1 .79
-(option will delete a b)3.29 F .79(uiltin pre)-.2 F(vi-)-.25 E 1.079
-(ously loaded with)144 436.8 R F2<ad66>3.579 E F1 6.079(.I)C 3.579(fn)
--6.079 G(o)-3.579 E F0(name)3.579 E F1(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments are gi)
--.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.078(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.578 E F1 1.078
-(option is supplied, a list of)3.578 F 1.711(shell b)144 448.8 R 1.711
-(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)6.711 G 1.711(th no other option ar).4
-F 1.712(guments, the list consists of all enabled shell)-.18 F -.2(bu)
-144 460.8 S 2.909(iltins. If).2 F F2<ad6e>2.909 E F1 .408
-(is supplied, only disabled b)2.909 F .408(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
-(If)5.408 E F2<ad61>2.908 E F1 .408(is supplied, the list printed in-)
-2.908 F .307(cludes all b)144 472.8 R .308
-(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
-(If)5.308 E F2<ad73>2.808 E F1 .308(is supplied, the out-)2.808 F .226
-(put is restricted to the POSIX)144 484.8 R F0(special)2.725 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.725 G 2.725(iltins. If).2 F .225(no options are supplied and a)
-2.725 F F0(name)2.725 E F1 .225(is not a shell)2.725 F -.2(bu)144 496.8
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-E F1 3.515(,a)C 3.515(si)-3.515 G 3.515(ft)-3.515 G 1.015(he command)
--3.515 F .787(were The return v)144 508.8 R .786(alue is 0 unless a)-.25
-F F0(name)3.646 E F1 .786(is not a shell b)3.466 F .786
-(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144
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-(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15
-(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F1 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F0(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F1(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 573.6 Q
-(guments,)-.18 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F1(returns 0.)2.5 E F2
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--.37 E F1(]])A(If)144 602.4 Q F0(command)3.005 E F1 .305
-(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
-(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F0(ar)3.136 E
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-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 626.4 R .48(gument passed to)
--.18 F F0(command)3.18 E F1 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F0(lo)
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-(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
-(vironment. If)-.4 F F2<ad61>3.138 E F1 .638
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-.15 F(non-interacti)144 662.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
-.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F2(execfail)3.077 E F1 .577
-(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
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--.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
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--2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 698.4 Q
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 650.4 Q .578
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-1.496(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F 1.496(Assigning to the)6.496
-F F2 -.74(PA)3.996 G(TH)-.21 E F1 -.25(va)3.996 G 1.496(riable also).25
-F .685(clears all hashed \214lenames.)144 381.6 R(The)5.685 E F2<ad64>
-3.185 E F1 .685(option causes the shell to for)3.185 F .684
-(get the remembered location of)-.18 F(each)144 393.6 Q F0(name)3.894 E
-F1 6.394(.I)C 3.894(ft)-6.394 G(he)-3.894 E F2<ad74>3.894 E F1 1.394
-(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)3.894 F F0(name)
-3.895 E F1 1.395(corresponds is)3.895 F 3.314(printed. If)144 405.6 R
-(multiple)3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1(ar)3.314 E .814
-(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F2<ad74>3.314 E F1 3.314(,t)C(he)
--3.314 E F0(name)3.314 E F1 .814(is printed before the hashed)3.314 F
-.575(full pathname.)144 417.6 R(The)5.575 E F2<ad6c>3.075 E F1 .575(opt\
-ion causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as in-)
-3.075 F 3.988(put. If)144 429.6 R 1.488(no ar)3.988 F 1.488
-(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.488(n, or if only).15 F F2<ad6c>
-3.988 E F1 1.488(is supplied, information about remembered com-)3.988 F
-.012(mands is printed.)144 441.6 R(The)5.012 E F2<ad74>2.512 E F1(,)A F2
-<ad64>2.513 E F1 2.513(,a)C(nd)-2.513 E F2<ad70>2.513 E F1 .013
-(options \(the options that act on the)2.513 F F0(name)2.513 E F1(ar)
-2.513 E .013(guments\) are mu-)-.18 F .208(tually e)144 453.6 R(xclusi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.O).15 G .207(nly one will be acti)-5.207 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 5.207(.I).15 G 2.707(fm)-5.207 G .207
-(ore than one is supplied,)-2.707 F F2<ad74>2.707 E F1 .207
-(has higher priority than)2.707 F F2<ad70>144 465.6 Q F1 2.608(,a)C .108
-(nd both are higher priority than)-2.608 F F2<ad64>2.608 E F1 5.108(.T)C
-.108(he return status is true unless a)-5.108 F F0(name)2.968 E F1 .108
-(is not found or an)2.788 F(in)144 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid option is supplied.).25 E F2(help)108 494.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-(\255dms)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(pattern)-2.5 E F1(])A .867
-(Display helpful information about b)144 506.4 R .867(uiltin commands.)
--.2 F(If)5.867 E F0(pattern)4.617 E F1 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2
-(help)3.366 E F1(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366
-E .223(help on all commands matching)144 518.4 R F0(pattern)3.973 E F1
-2.723(;o).24 G .223(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224
-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 530.4 Q F2
-<ad64>144 542.4 Q F1(Display a short description of each)180 542.4 Q F0
-(pattern)2.5 E F2<ad6d>144 554.4 Q F1(Display the description of each)
-180 554.4 Q F0(pattern)2.5 E F1(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
-(ormat)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 566.4 Q F1
-(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 566.4 Q F0(pattern)2.5
-E F1(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 583.2 Q F0
-(pattern)3.75 E F1(.).24 E F2(history [)108 600 Q F0(n)A F2(])A
-(history \255c)108 612 Q(history \255d)108 624 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E
-F2(history \255d)108 636 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1(-)A F0(end)A F2
-(history \255anrw)108 648 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(\214lename)A F1(])A F2
-(history \255p)108 660 Q F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37
-E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E F2(history \255s)108 672 Q F0(ar)2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.4
-(Wi)144 684 S .752
-(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
-.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F1(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 696 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
-F0(n)3.24 E F1 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F0(n)3.24 E F1 2.88
-(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
-2.881 E(MA)144 708 Q(T)-.855 E F1 .239
-(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.489 F F0
-(strftime)3.078 E F1 .238(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-).18 F
-1.019(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 720 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
-3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
-(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 11 11
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
-/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E .176
-(time stamp and the history line.)144 84 R(If)5.176 E F0(\214lename)
-2.676 E F1 .176
-(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
-.251(not, the v)144 96 R .251(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1 .251(is used.)2.501 F(If)5.251 E F0(\214lename)
-2.751 E F1 .251(is not supplied and)2.751 F F2(HISTFILE)2.751 E F1 .251
-(is unset or null, the)2.501 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(\255a, \255n, \255r)144 108 Q(,)-.92 E F1(and)2.5 E F3<ad77>2.5 E F1
-(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5
-(ect. Options,).25 F(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo)
-.15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 120 Q F1
-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 120 Q F3<ad64>
-144 132 Q F0(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .39
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 144 R F0(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18
-E F1 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F0(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .389(is ne)2.889
-F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889
-G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 156 R -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 168 Q 2.5(,a)
--.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
-(efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history \255d)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F3
-<ad64>144 180 Q F0(start)2.5 E F1<ad>A F0(end)A F1 1.25
-(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 192 R F0
-(start)3.75 E F1(and)3.75 E F0(end)3.75 E F1 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 204
-Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F0(start)
-2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0(end)2.5 E F1(are interpreted as described abo)2.5
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3<ad61>144 216 Q F1 .577
-(Append the history lines to the history \214le.)180 216 R .578
-(These are history lines entered since the be-)5.577 F
-(ginning of the current)180 228 Q F3(bash)2.5 E F1(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 240 Q
-F1 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\
- into the current history list.)180 240 R .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 252 R
-.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F1(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 264 Q F3<ad72>144 276 Q F1(Read the contents of the history \
-\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 276 Q F3<ad77>
-144 288 Q F1(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
-288 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 300 Q F1 .626
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 300 R(wing)-.25 E F0(ar)
-3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
-2.975(output. Does)180 312 R .475
-(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F0(ar)
-2.975 E(g)-.37 E F1 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 336 Q F1 .363
-(Store the)180 336 R F0(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 348 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F0(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 364.8 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
--.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
-(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 376.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 388.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 400.8 R .833
-(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F
-.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 412.8 S .168(lid option\
- is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \
-\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F0(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
-144 424.8 Q F1 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341
-(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad64>2.841 E F1 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34
-(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34
-(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad70>144 436.8 Q F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)
-108 453.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(jobspec)A F1 -3.332
-1.666(... ])2.5 H F3(jobs \255x)108 465.6 Q F0(command)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
-F0(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H
-(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
-(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F1
-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 489.6 Q F3
-<ad6e>144 501.6 Q F1 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-180 501.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
-F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 513.6 Q F3<ad70>
-144 525.6 Q F1(List only the process ID of the job')180 525.6 Q 2.5(sp)
--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad72>144 537.6 Q F1
-(Display only running jobs.)180 537.6 Q F3<ad73>144 549.6 Q F1
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 549.6 Q(If)144 566.4 Q F0(jobspec)4.554
-E F1 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 578.4 Q -.25
-(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F0(jobspec)4.24 E F1(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 595.2 R F3
-<ad78>2.894 E F1 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F1
-.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F0(jobspec)4.634 E F1 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F0(command)3.094 E F1(or)3.664 E F0(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F1 .395
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 607.2 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F0(command)2.7 E F1(passing it)3.27 E F0(ar)
-2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F1 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15
-E F3(kill)108 624 Q F1([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F0(sigspec)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F3
-<ad6e>2.5 E F0(signum)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F0(sigspec)A F1 2.5
-(][)C F0(pid)-2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F0(jobspec)2.5 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666(..)
--.834 G F3(kill \255l)108 636 Q F1(|)A F3<ad4c>A F1([)2.5 E F0(sigspec)A
-F1(|)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F1(])A .017
-(Send the signal named by)144 648 R F0(sigspec)2.857 E F1(or)2.827 E F0
-(signum)2.857 E F1 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F0(pid)3.767 E
-F1(or)3.287 E F0(jobspec)4.257 E F1(.).31 E F0(sigspec)5.357 E F1(is)
-2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 660 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.318(ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.818 E F1 .319
-(\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.819 E F1 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 672 Q F0(signum)3.268 E F1
-.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F0(sigspec)
-3.267 E F1 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F2(SIGTERM)2.927 E F1 .427
-(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 684 R
-F3<ad6c>2.813 E F1 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
-F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F3<ad6c>2.814 E F1 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 696 R
-.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E
-F0 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F1(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)
-144 708 R F3<ad6c>3.299 E F1 .799
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 720 R
-(The)5.962 E F3<ad4c>3.462 E F1 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .962(lent to).25 F F3<ad6c>3.462 E F1(.)A F3(kill)5.962 E F1 .962
-(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
-/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 84 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(let)108 100.8 Q F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)A(g)-.37 E F1
-1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Each)144 112.8 Q F0(ar)5.817 E(g)-.37 E F1
-2.987(is an arithmetic e)5.707 F 2.987(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)
--.25 G 2.987(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.987
-(ARITHMETIC EV)5.487 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(in)
-5.238 E F0(bash)144 124.8 Q F1 2.5(\(1\)\). If)B(the last)2.5 E F0(ar)
-2.83 E(g)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F1
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 141.6 Q F1([)2.5
-E F0(option)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(value)A F1 2.5(].)C
--3.332 1.666(.. | \255 ])-.834 H -.15(Fo)144 153.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042
-(ach ar)-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F
-F0(name)2.902 E F1 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F0(value)2.832
-E F1 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F0(option)2.542 E F1 .041(can be)2.541 F
-(an)144 165.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
-(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F1 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F1 .653
-(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-177.6 Q F0(name)3.282 E F1 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
-.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
-(If)5.421 E F0(name)2.921 E F1 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 189.6 R F2
-(local)3.01 E F1 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
-(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.282(ing the)144 201.6 R F2(set)
-3.782 E F1 -.2(bu)3.782 G 1.281
-(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F2(local)3.781 E F1
-1.281(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .277
-(when the function returns.)144 213.6 R .277(The restore is ef)5.277 F
-.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F2(set)2.778 E F1 .278
-(commands were e)2.778 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted to).15 F .69
-(restore the v)144 225.6 R .69
-(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69
-(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)3.19 E F1 .69(writes a list of)3.19 F
-.566(local v)144 237.6 R .566(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F
-.566(It is an error to use)5.566 F F2(local)3.066 E F1 .566
-(when not within a function.)3.066 F(The)5.567 E .426
-(return status is 0 unless)144 249.6 R F2(local)2.926 E F1 .425
-(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F0
-(name)3.285 E F1 .425(is supplied, or)3.105 F F0(name)2.925 E F1 .425
-(is a)2.925 F(readonly v)144 261.6 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 278.4
-Q F1(Exit a login shell.)144 278.4 Q F2(map\214le)108 295.2 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2<ad64>A F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F0
-(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0
-(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)
-C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F0(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1
-(])A F2 -.18(re)108 307.2 S(adarray).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F0(delim)
-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5
-E F0(origin)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F0(count)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C
-F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad43>-2.5 E F0(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F0
-(quantum)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1(])A .158
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 319.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(arr)2.989 E
-(ay)-.15 E F1 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F0(fd)4.629 E F1 1.249(if the)144 331.2
-R F2<ad75>3.749 E F1 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
-F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F1 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
-E F0(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F1 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
--6.248 F(ha)144 343.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 355.2 Q F1 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 355.2 R F0(delim)3.41 E F1 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
-(wline. If)-.25 F F0(delim)180 367.2 Q F1(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2
-(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad6e>144 379.2 Q F1(Cop)180 379.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
-(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F0(count)2.7 E F1 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F0(count)
-2.5 E F1(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 391.2 Q F1(Be)180
-391.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F0(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F1(at inde)2.82
-E(x)-.15 E F0(origin)2.73 E F1 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
-2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 403.2 Q F1
-(Discard the \214rst)180 403.2 Q F0(count)2.5 E F1(lines read.)2.5 E F2
-<ad74>144 415.2 Q F1(Remo)180 415.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
-E F0(delim)2.5 E F1(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 427.2 Q F1
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 427.2 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 439.2 Q F1(Ev)180
-439.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(each time)3.17 E F0
-(quantum)2.5 E F1(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F1
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F0(quantum)2.75 E F1(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 451.2
-Q F1(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 451.2 Q
-F0(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F1(.).67 E(If)144 468 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F1 .467
-(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F1 2.967(,t)C .467
-(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F0
-(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F1 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 480 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
-2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\
-ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
-(as additional ar)144 492 R(guments.)-.18 E F0(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
-F1 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 504 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 520.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2
-(map\214le)2.5 E F1(will clear)2.5 E F0(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 537.6 Q F1 .797
-(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
-(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F0(arr)
-3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F1 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 549.6 S
-(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F0(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F1
-(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
-F2(popd)108 566.4 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A(Remo)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092
-(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591
-(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664
-(directory listed by)144 590.4 R F2(dirs)3.164 E F1 5.664(.W)C .664
-(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(popd)3.165 E F1(remo)3.165 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and)
--3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 602.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
-5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 614.4 Q F1 .551
-(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 614.4 R .551
-(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 626.4 Q F2(+)144 638.4 Q F0(n)A
-F1(Remo)180 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F0(n)2.64 E
-F1 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)2.64 E F1 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F
-(from the stack.)180 650.4 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample: remo)-2.65
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G
-(he second.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 662.4 Q F0(n)A F1(Remo)180 662.4 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F0(n)3.76 E F1 1.259
-(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F
-F2(dirs)3.759 E F1 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)
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-1.057(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)
-144 691.2 R F0<ad6e>3.558 E F1 1.058(option w)3.558 F 1.058
-(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(popd)3.558 E F1 .25(uses the)144 703.2 R F2
-(cd)2.749 E F1 -.2(bu)2.749 G .249
-(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .249
-(If the)5.249 F F2(cd)2.749 E F1 -.1(fa)2.749 G(ils,).1 E F2(popd)2.749
-E F1 .249(returns a)2.749 F(non-zero v)144 715.2 Q(alue.)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
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-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E
-(Otherwise,)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)2.67 E F1 .17(returns f)
-2.67 F .17(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o)
--.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 96 Q
-(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144
-112.8 R F2(popd)4.056 E F1 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056
-F F2(dirs)4.056 E F1 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F
-(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 124.8 Q F2(printf)108 141.6 Q F1
-([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F0(var)2.5 E F1(])A F0(format)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0(ar)
-A(guments)-.37 E F1(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 153.6 R F0(ar)2.857
-E(guments)-.37 E F1 .357
-(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F0(format)2.858
-E F1 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F2<ad76>2.858 E F1(op-)2.858 E .714
-(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 165.6 R(ariable)-.25
-E F0(var)3.214 E F1 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
-F(output.)144 177.6 Q(The)144 194.4 Q F0(format)3.017 E F1 .517(is a ch\
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- which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
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-(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
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-(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F0(ar)144 230.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F1
-6.07(.I)C 3.57(na)-6.07 G 1.07(ddition to the standard)-3.57 F F0
-(printf)4.82 E F1 1.07(\(3\) format characters)1.96 F F2
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-(interprets the follo)144 242.4 Q(wing additional format speci\214ers:)
--.25 E F2(%b)144 254.4 Q F1(causes)180 254.4 Q F2(printf)2.595 E F1 .096
-(to e)2.595 F .096
-(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F0(ar)
-2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F1 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 266.4 Q(ay as)
--.1 E F2(echo \255e)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(%q)144 278.4 Q F1(causes)180 278.4 Q
-F2(printf)2.51 E F1 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F0(ar)2.51 E
-(gument)-.37 E F1 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
-(input.)180 290.4 Q F2(%q)5.891 E F1(and)3.391 E F2(%Q)3.391 E F1 .891
-(use the)3.391 F F2($)3.391 E F1 .891(quoting style if an)3.391 F 3.391
-(yc)-.15 G .892(haracters in the ar)-3.391 F .892(gument string re-)-.18
-F 1.286(quire it, and backslash quoting otherwise.)180 302.4 R 1.285
-(If the format string uses the)6.285 F F0(printf)3.785 E F1(alternate)
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-E(gument string using single quotes.)-.18 E F2(%Q)144 326.4 Q F1(lik)180
-326.4 Q(e)-.1 E F2(%q)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15
-G(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F1
-(before quoting it.)2.5 E F2(%\()144 338.4 Q F0(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F1
-(causes)180 350.4 Q F2(printf)4.403 E F1 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F0(datefmt)
-4.404 E F1 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .334(string for)180 362.4 R F0
-(strftime)3.174 E F1 2.834(\(3\). The).18 F(corresponding)2.834 E F0(ar)
-2.834 E(gument)-.37 E F1 .334(is an inte)2.834 F .333
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
-374.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
-.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694
-(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 386.4 R
-.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)
-3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 398.4 R -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
-G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F
-F2(printf)2.71 E F1(beha)180 410.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .946(The %b, %\
-q, and %T format speci\214ers all use the \214eld width and precision a\
-r)144 427.2 R .945(guments from the)-.18 F .338
-(format speci\214cation and write that man)144 439.2 R 2.838(yb)-.15 G
-.338(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.838 F .339
-(xpanded ar)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(gument, which usually contains more characters than the original.)144
-451.2 Q(The %n format speci\214er accepts a corresponding ar)144 468 Q
-(gument that is treated as a shell v)-.18 E(ariable name.)-.25 E .394
-(The %s and %c format speci\214ers accept an l \(long\) modi\214er)144
-484.8 R 2.893(,w)-.4 G .393(hich forces them to con)-2.893 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .393(rt the ar).15 F(-)-.2 E .32
-(gument string to a wide-character string and apply an)144 496.8 R 2.821
-(ys)-.15 G .321(upplied \214eld width and precision in terms)-2.821 F
-(of characters, not bytes.)144 508.8 Q(Ar)144 525.6 Q .464(guments to n\
-on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463
-(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 537.6
-R 1.259
-(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 549.6 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 566.4 Q F0(format)2.515 E
-F1 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F0(ar)2.515
-E(guments)-.37 E F1 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F0(format)
-2.514 E F1 .014(requires more)2.514 F F0(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
-578.4 Q F1 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
-(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
-.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,)
--.25 F .542(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 590.4 R .541
-(The return v)5.541 F .541(alue is zero on success, non-zero if an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .541(lid op-).25 F
-(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 602.4 Q F2
-(pushd)108 619.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A F2(pushd)108 631.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2
-<ad6e>A F1 2.5(][)C F0(dir)-2.5 E F1(])A .639(Adds a directory to the t\
-op of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 643.2
-R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144
-655.2 R .089(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)
--5.489 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.589 E F1 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F
-(the directory stack.)144 667.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144
-679.2 Q F1 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
-g or adding directories to the)180 679.2 R
-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 691.2 Q F2(+)144
-703.2 Q F0(n)A F1 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 703.2 R F0(n)
-3.768 E F1 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
-1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 715.2 Q F1 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
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-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>144 84 Q F0(n)A F1 .92
-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F0(n)3.42 E F1 .92
-(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 96 Q F1 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E
-F0(dir)144.35 108 Q F1(Adds)180 108 Q F0(dir)2.85 E F1
-(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435
-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 124.8 R F2<ad6e>2.935 E
-F1 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(pushd)2.934 E F1
-.434(uses the)2.934 F F2(cd)2.934 E F1 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F
-(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 136.8 Q(If the)5 E
-F2(cd)2.5 E F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F2(pushd)2.5 E F1
-(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
-153.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(pushd)4.28 E F1 1.78
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 165.6 R F2(pushd)2.593 E F1 .092
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 177.6 Q 1.277
-(If the)144 194.4 R F2(pushd)3.777 E F1 1.277
-(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F2(dirs)3.777 E F1 1.278
-(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 206.4 Q F2
-(pwd)108 223.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F1(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 235.2 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-247.2 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F1 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F1 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2
-(set)2.681 E F1 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 259.2 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F1 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 271.2 R -.25(va)
--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 283.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108
-300 S(ad).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255Eers)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0
-(aname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad69>-2.5 E F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad4e>-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)
--.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad74>-2.5 E F0(timeout)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(])A([)108 312 Q F0(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .516(One line \
-is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 324 R
-F0(fd)3.016 E F1 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F
-(the)144 336 Q F2<ad75>2.6 E F1 .1(option, split into w)2.6 F .1
-(ords as described in)-.1 F F0(bash)2.601 E F1 .101(\(1\) under)2.601 F
-F2 -.75(Wo)2.601 G .101(rd Splitting).75 F F1 2.601(,a)C .101
-(nd the \214rst w)-2.601 F .101(ord is)-.1 F 1.425
-(assigned to the \214rst)144 348 R F0(name)4.285 E F1 3.925(,t).18 G
-1.425(he second w)-3.925 F 1.425(ord to the second)-.1 F F0(name)4.285 E
-F1 3.925(,a).18 G 1.425(nd so on.)-3.925 F 1.425(If there are more)6.425
-F -.1(wo)144 360 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112
-(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112
-(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F0(name)144.36 372 Q
-F1 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7
-(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
-F .531(assigned empty v)144 384 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531
-(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F1 .532
-(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1
-F 1.052(rules the shell uses for e)144 396 R 1.052
-(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F0(bash)3.552 E F1 1.052(\(1\) under)
-3.552 F F2 -.75(Wo)3.552 G 1.052(rd Splitting).75 F F1 3.552(\). The)B
-(backslash)3.552 E .738(character \()144 408 R F2(\\)A F1 3.238(\)m)C
-.739(ay be used to remo)-3.238 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 1.039 -.15(ny s)
-.15 H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .739
-(xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144
-420 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 432 Q F0(aname)2.5 E F1 1.026(The w)
-180 444 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(aname)3.855 E F1 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025
-(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F0(aname)180.33 456 Q F1(is unset before an)2.68
-E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F0(name)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 468 Q
-F0(delim)2.5 E F1 .28(The \214rst character of)180 480 R F0(delim)2.78 E
-F1 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
-(wline. If)-.25 F F0(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 492 Q F1(is the empty string,)
-2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1
-(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad65>144 504 Q F1 .919
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 504 R F2 -.18(re)
-3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
-(\(see)3.419 E F3(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0(bash)180 516 Q F1
-.757(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B .757
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.757 F .758
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .758(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 528 Q
-(viously acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
--2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad45>144 540 Q F1 .919
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 540 R F2 -.18(re)
-3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
-(\(see)3.419 E F3(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0(bash)180 552 Q F1
-.757(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B .757
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.757 F .758
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .758(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 564 Q .042
-(viously acti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.542(\)e).15 G .042
-(diting settings, b)-2.542 F .042(ut uses bash')-.2 F 2.542(sd)-.55 G
-(ef)-2.542 E .042(ault completion, including program-)-.1 F
-(mable completion.)180 576 Q F2<ad69>144 588 Q F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F1
-(If)180 588 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F1 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F0(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F1 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 600 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 612 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 624 S(ad).18 E F1 .323
-(returns after reading)2.823 F F0(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .323
-(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 636 Q
-(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
-E(s)-.1 E F1(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad4e>144 648 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 660 S(ad)
-.18 E F1 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F0(nc)3.769
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 672 R F2 -.18(re)2.775
-G(ad).18 E F1 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
-5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 684 R
-F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F1 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F0(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .609(characters are read.)180 696 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F1
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 708 S .669
-(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2<ad72>180 720 Q F1(option belo)
-2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(14)
-190.95 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 15 15
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
-/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F1(Display)180 96
-Q F0(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)
--.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
-(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2
-<ad72>144 120 Q F1 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
-(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-144 Q F2<ad73>144 156 Q F1(Silent mode.)180 156 Q
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2
-<ad74>144 168 Q F0(timeout)2.5 E F1(Cause)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.928 G
-(ad).18 E F1 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F0(timeout)3.061 E F1
-(seconds.)3.061 E F0(timeout)5.561 E F1 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q
-(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 .506(is readin\
-g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-216 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 228 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F2 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F1 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable)
-.25 E F0(name)2.77 E F1 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F0(timeout)2.77 E F1 .27
-(is 0,)2.77 F F2 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F1 .27(returns immediately)2.77
-F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
-1.224(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
-F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 276 Q F2<ad75>144 288 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(Other than the case where)144 304.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E F1
-(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1(ignores an)2.5
-E 2.5(yN)-.15 G(UL characters in the input.)-2.5 E .522(If no)144 321.6
-R F0(names)3.382 E F1 .522
-(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-333.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
-(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F2 -.18
-(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F1 .961
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-345.6 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 357.6 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad75>144 369.6 Q F1(.)A F2 -.18(re)108
-386.4 S(adonly).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E
-F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666
-(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E .77(The gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0
-(names)3.27 E F1 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
-(alues of these)-.25 F F0(names)3.63 E F1 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 410.4 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F2<ad66>3.596 E F1 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F0
-(names)3.597 E F1 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 422.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
-(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 434.4 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F2<ad41>3.277 E
-F1(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F0(name)
-3.637 E F1(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F1 .521
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 458.4 R(The)5.296 E F2
-<ad70>2.796 E F1(option)2.796 E .786
-(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 470.4 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-482.4 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
--3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)
-3.218 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
--5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 494.4 R F0(names)3.12 E F1 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
--.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F1 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F0(name)144.36 506.4 Q F1
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 523.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 535.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F0(n)2.881 E F1 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F0(n)2.881 E F1 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 547.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F2 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 559.2 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
-(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 571.2 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52
-E(UG)-.1 E F1 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 583.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 595.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .628
-(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.127 E F1(\()5.627 E
-F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F0(n)3.448 E F1 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F0(n)2.826 E F1 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 631.2 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F2 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 643.2 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.881 E F1(or)3.714 E
-F2(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F1 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 655.2 R F2(RETURN)3.249 E F1 .749
-(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 667.2 Q F2
-(set)108 684 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<adad>-2.5 E F1 2.5
-(][)C F2<ad>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G
-(])-1.666 E F2(set)108 696 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5
-(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<adad>-2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F2<ad>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1 1.666(...)2.5
-G(])-1.666 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(15)190.95 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
-/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(set \255o)108 84 Q(set +o)108 96 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 96 S
-.574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
-(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 108 R 2.613
-(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F0 1.032(posix mode)144 120 R
-F1 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)-.25
-F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 F
-.58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 132 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
-(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
--.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 144 R .161
-(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F2($1)2.66 E F1(,)A F2($2)144 156 Q F1 2.5(,.)C
-1.666(..)-.834 G(,)-1.666 E F2($)2.5 E F0(n)A F1 5(.O)C
-(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 168 Q F1 1.377(Each v)184 168 R 1.377
-(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 180 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2<ad62>144 192 Q F1 .132
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 192 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 204 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 216 Q F1 .087
-(Exit immediately if a)184 216 R F0(pipeline)2.587 E F1 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F0 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F1 .088(\), a)B F0(list)2.588 E F1 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 228 Q F0
-.86(compound command)3.36 F F1(\(see)3.36 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .86
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.36 F F1(in)3.11 E F0(bash)3.36 E F1 .86(\(1\)\), e)B
-.86(xits with a non-zero sta-)-.15 F 2.852(tus. The)184 240 R .352
-(shell does not e)2.852 F .352(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .353
-(ails is part of the command list imme-)-.1 F 1.108(diately follo)184
-252 R 1.108(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.608 E F1(or)3.608 E F2(until)3.608
-E F1 -.1(ke)3.608 G(yw)-.05 E 1.107(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F
-1.107(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.607 E F1(or)3.607 E F2(elif)3.607 E F1
-(re-)3.607 E(serv)184 264 Q .279(ed w)-.15 F .279(ords, part of an)-.1 F
-2.779(yc)-.15 G .279(ommand e)-2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .279(cuted in a)
-.15 F F2(&&)2.779 E F1(or)2.779 E F2(||)2.78 E F1 .28(list e)2.78 F .28
-(xcept the command fol-)-.15 F(lo)184 276 Q .703(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
-F2(&&)3.203 E F1(or)3.203 E F2(||)3.203 E F1 3.203(,a)C 1.003 -.15(ny c)
--3.203 H .703(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .703
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .476(return v)184 288 R
-.476(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .476(rted with).15 F F2(!)
-2.976 E F1 5.476(.I)C 2.976(fac)-5.476 G .476
-(ompound command other than a subshell re-)-2.976 F .418
-(turns a non-zero status because a command f)184 300 R .418(ailed while)
--.1 F F2<ad65>2.918 E F1 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sb).1 G .417
-(eing ignored, the shell)-2.918 F .472(does not e)184 312 R 2.972
-(xit. A)-.15 F .472(trap on)2.972 F F2(ERR)2.972 E F1 2.972(,i)C 2.972
-(fs)-2.972 G .472(et, is e)-2.972 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .473
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.973(xits. This)-.15 F .473(option ap-)
-2.973 F 2.114(plies to the shell en)184 324 R 2.113
-(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 2.113(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3(COM-)4.613 E .675(MAND EXECUTION ENVIR)184 336 R(ONMENT)-.27 E
-F1(in)2.925 E F0(bash)3.175 E F1 .675
-(\(1\)\), and may cause subshells to e)B .676(xit be-)-.15 F(fore e)184
-348 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E .999
-(If a compound command or shell function e)184 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F2<ad65>3.498 E F1 .998
-(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 376.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body)
-.15 F .503(will be af)184 388.8 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>
-3.002 E F1 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)
--3.002 E F2<ad65>3.002 E F1 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002
-F .502(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 400.8 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G
-1.683(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F2<ad65>4.184 E F1
-1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 412.8 Q F2<ad65>3.154 E F1 .654
-(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 424.8 Q F2
-<ad66>144 436.8 Q F1(Disable pathname e)184 436.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-<ad68>144 448.8 Q F1 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-448.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F
-(abled by def)184 460.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 472.8 Q F1 .514
-(All ar)184 472.8 R .514
-(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
-F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 484.8 Q F2
-<ad6d>144 496.8 Q F1 .148(Monitor mode.)184 496.8 R .148
-(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
-.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .235
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 508.8 R F3 .235(JOB CONTR)2.735 F
-(OL)-.27 E F1(in)2.485 E F0(bash)2.735 E F1 2.735(\(1\)\). All)B .234
-(processes run in a sepa-)2.735 F .252(rate process group.)184 520.8 R
-.252
-(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing)
-5.252 F(its e)184 532.8 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 544.8 Q F1 .653
-(Read commands b)184 544.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
-(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
-5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 556.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2<ad6f>144 568.8 Q F0(option\255name)2.5
-E F1(The)184 580.8 Q F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1(can be one of the follo)
-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 592.8 Q F1(Same as)224 604.8 Q F2
-<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 616.8 Q F1(Same as)224 628.8 Q F2
-<ad42>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(emacs)184 640.8 Q F1 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 640.8 R 2.589
-(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 652.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G
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-(ad \255e).18 E F1(.)A F2(err)184 676.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F1(Same as)224
-676.8 Q F2<ad65>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(errtrace)184 688.8 Q F1(Same as)224
-688.8 Q F2<ad45>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(functrace)184 700.8 Q F1(Same as)224
-712.8 Q F2<ad54>2.5 E F1(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(hashall)184 84 Q F1(Same as)224 84 Q F2<ad68>2.5 E F1
-(.)A F2(histexpand)184 96 Q F1(Same as)224 108 Q F2<ad48>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(history)184 120 Q F1 1.001(Enable command history)224 120 R 3.502(,a)
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-(fect is as if the shell command had been e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .6
-(cuted \(see).15 F F2 .6(Shell V)3.1 F(ariables)-.92 E F1(in)224 168 Q
-F0(bash)2.5 E F1(\(1\)\).)A F2 -.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F1
-(Same as)224 192 Q F2<ad6b>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(monitor)184 204 Q F1(Same as)
-224 204 Q F2<ad6d>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(noclob)184 216 Q(ber)-.1 E F1(Same as)
-224 228 Q F2<ad43>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(noexec)184 240 Q F1(Same as)224 240 Q
-F2<ad6e>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(noglob)184 252 Q F1(Same as)224 252 Q F2<ad66>
-2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nolog)184 264 Q F1(Currently ignored.)224 264 Q F2
-(notify)184 276 Q F1(Same as)224 276 Q F2<ad62>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nounset)
-184 288 Q F1(Same as)224 288 Q F2<ad75>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(onecmd)184 300 Q
-F1(Same as)224 300 Q F2<ad74>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(ph)184 312 Q(ysical)-.15 E
-F1(Same as)224 312 Q F2<ad50>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(pipefail)184 324 Q F1 1.029
-(If set, the return v)224 324 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F
-1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 336
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-(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
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-2.09(Change the beha)224 360 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F2(bash)4.591 E F1
-2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F 2.704(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
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-(eha)-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F2(pri)184 408 Q(vileged)-.1 E F1
-(Same as)224 420 Q F2<ad70>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ve)184 432 S(rbose).1 E
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-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 444 R 2.709(ace. This)
--.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224
-456 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F1(.)A F2
-(xtrace)184 468 Q F1(Same as)224 468 Q F2<ad78>2.5 E F1(.)A(If)184 480 Q
-F2<ad6f>2.765 E F1 .265(is supplied with no)2.765 F F0(option\255name)
-2.765 E F1(,)A F2(set)2.765 E F1 .266
-(prints the current shell option settings.)2.765 F(If)5.266 E F2(+o)
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-(rent option settings on the standard output.)184 504 Q F2<ad70>144 516
-Q F1 -.45(Tu)184 516 S 2.628(rn on).45 F F0(privile)6.378 E -.1(ge)-.4 G
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-(processed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 528 R .289
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)2.788 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)184 540
-S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1
-(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F1 -.25(va)2.774 G .524
-(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 552 R .38
-(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
--.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 564 R F2<ad70>2.961 E F1 .461
-(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 576 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
-(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F2<ad70>
-2.895 E F1 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 588 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
-.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 600 Q F2<ad72>144 612 Q F1
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 612 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F2<ad74>144 624 Q
-F1(Exit after reading and e)184 624 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F2<ad75>144 636 Q F1 -.35(Tr)184 636 S .301
-(eat unset v).35 F .301(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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-(sion is attempted on an unset v)184 660 R 1.154(ariable or parameter)
--.25 F 3.654(,t)-.4 G 1.154(he shell prints an error message,)-3.654 F
-(and, if not interacti)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G
-(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F2<ad76>144 684 Q F1
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F2<ad78>144 696 Q F1 .315(After e)184 696 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F0
-.315(simple command)2.815 F F1(,)A F2 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F1
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad42>144 84 Q F1 1.053(The shell performs brace e)184
-84 R 1.053(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F1(in)
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-(def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad43>144 108 Q F1 .214(If set,)184 108 R F2
-(bash)2.714 E F1 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214
-(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F2(>)2.714 E F1
-(,)A F2(>&)2.714 E F1 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F2(<>)2.713 E F1 .213
-(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 120 R .553(may be o)
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-(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 132 Q F2(>|)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-<ad45>144 144 Q F1 .104(If set, an)184 144 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
-(rap on)-2.604 F F2(ERR)2.604 E F1 .103
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(ERR)3.338 E F1 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 168 Q F2
-<ad48>144 180 Q F1(Enable)184 180 Q F2(!)3.032 E F1 .532
-(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 192 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 204 Q F1 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 204 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F2(cd)3.46 E F1 1.453
-(that change the current w)184 216 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
-(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 228 R(def)
-3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.334 E F1(follo)3.334 E .834
-(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 240 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad54>144
-252 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 252 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2
-(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)3.39 E F2(RETURN)3.39 E F1 .89
-(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
-(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 276 Q F1
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2<adad>144 288 Q
-F1 .401(If no ar)184 288 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 300 Q F0
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
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-312 Q F1 .278(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 312 R
-F0(ar)2.779 E(g)-.37 E F1 2.779(st)C 2.779(ob)-2.779 G 2.779(ea)-2.779 G
-.279(ssigned to the positional para-)-2.779 F 3.022(meters. The)184 324
-R F2<ad78>3.022 E F1(and)3.022 E F2<ad76>3.022 E F1 .522
-(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F0(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F1 .521(s, the positional para-)B
-(meters remain unchanged.)184 336 Q .425(The options are of)144 352.8 R
-2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 364.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
-(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 376.8 R F2<24ad>2.566 E F1
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-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 388.8 Q F2(shift)108 405.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-(])A 1.67(The positional parameters from)144 417.6 R F0(n)4.17 E F1 1.67
-(+1 .)B -1.662 1.666(.. a)1.666 H 1.67(re renamed to)-1.666 F F2 1.67
-($1 .)4.17 F 1.666(..)1.666 G(.)-1.666 E F1 -.15(Pa)6.669 G 1.669
-(rameters represented by the).15 F(numbers)144 429.6 Q F2($#)2.701 E F1
-(do)2.701 E .201(wn to)-.25 F F2($#)2.701 E F1<ad>A F0(n)A F1 .201
-(+1 are unset.)B F0(n)5.562 E F1 .202(must be a non-ne)2.942 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .502 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .202(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F2($#)2.702 E F1(.)A(If)144 441.6 Q F0(n)3.462 E F1 .602
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.342 F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1
-.602(is not gi)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .602(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15
-F(If)5.601 E F0(n)3.461 E F1 .601(is greater than)3.341 F F2($#)144
-453.6 Q F1 2.79(,t)C .29(he positional parameters are not changed.)-2.79
-F .291(The return status is greater than zero if)5.29 F F0(n)3.151 E F1
-.291(is greater)3.031 F(than)144 465.6 Q F2($#)2.5 E F1
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)2.5 E F2(shopt)108 482.4 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2(\255pqsu)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(optname)-2.5 E
-F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(To)144 494.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F
-.639(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 506.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F2<ad6f>2.874 E F1 .375
-(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F2<ad6f>2.875 E F1 .375(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.875 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 518.4 R .066
-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F2<ad70>2.566 E F1 .066
-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 530.4 R F0
-(optnames)2.574 E F1 .074
-(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 542.4 R F2<ad70>3.105 E F1 .605(option causes output to\
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-E(options ha)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad73>144 566.4 Q F1(Enable \(set\) each)180
-566.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad75>144 578.4 Q F1
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180 578.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad71>144
-590.4 Q F1 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
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-.256(set or unset.)180 602.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F0(optname)2.756
-E F1(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F2<ad71>2.756 E F1 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 614.4 Q F0(optnames)2.5 E
-F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>144 626.4 Q F1
-(Restricts the v)180 626.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E F1
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F2<ad6f>2.5 E F1(option to the)2.5
-E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 643.2 R F2
-<ad73>3.124 E F1(or)3.124 E F2<ad75>3.124 E F1 .624(is used with no)
-3.124 F F0(optname)3.124 E F1(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124
-E F1(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
-(set or unset, respecti)144 655.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
--.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F2(shopt)3.484 E F1 .983
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 667.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 684
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-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 96 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.832
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-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 156 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
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-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 216 Q F1
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-(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
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-(the command proceeds.)184 252 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
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-(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
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-(fect if command history is enabled, as described in)-.25 F F0(bash)
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-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
-(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E
-F2(dotglob)144 112.8 Q F1 1.021(If set,)184 112.8 R F2(bash)3.521 E F1
-1.021(includes \214lenames be)3.521 F 1.021
-(ginning with a in the results of pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion.)-.15 E
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-(If set, a non-interacti)184 141.6 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516
-(hell will not e).15 F .516(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-184 153.6 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
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-E F2(exec)2.5 E F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 170.4 Q
-F1 .743(If set, aliases are e)184 182.4 R .743(xpanded as described in)
--.15 F F0(bash)3.243 E F1 .743(\(1\) under)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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--.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 211.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F1 .17
-(If set at shell in)184 223.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17
-(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 247.2 Q
-(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184
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-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 276 Q
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-(If the command run by the)220 321.6 R F2(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F1 .841
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--.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F2(.)2.988 E F1(or)2.988 E F2
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-(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(in)220 374.4 Q
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-184 518.4 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243
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--.55 E F2 -.25(fo)144 547.2 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F1
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-(pletions. See)184 583.2 R F3 .793(SHELL V)3.293 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F1
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-(If set, range e)184 624 R 2.519
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-(sc)-.55 G .168(ollating sequence is not tak)-2.668 F .168
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--.55 E F2(globskipdots)144 688.8 Q F1 .294(If set, pathname e)184 700.8
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-(atch the \214lenames and e)-2.794 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.793(ni).15 G 2.793
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(globstar)144 84 Q F1 .518(If set, the pattern)184 84 R
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--.15 F .519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431
-(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F2(/)2.931 E F1
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-108 Q F2(gnu_errfmt)144 124.8 Q F1(If set, shell error messages are wri\
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-(histappend)144 153.6 Q F1 .676
-(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
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--.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 177.6 Q
-(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F2
-(histr)144 194.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F1 .576(If set, and)184 206.4 R F2 -.18
-(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F1 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075
-F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 218.4 Q F2(histv)144
-235.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F1 .402(If set, and)184 247.2 R F2 -.18(re)2.903 G
-(adline).18 E F1 .403
-(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 259.2 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661
-(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F2 -.18(re)3.161
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-(hostcomplete)144 288 Q F1 1.181(If set, and)184 300 R F2 -.18(re)3.681
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-(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F .503(when a w)184
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-340.8 Q F1(If set,)184 352.8 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1(will send)2.5 E F3
-(SIGHUP)2.5 E F1(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25
-H(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F2(inherit_err)144 369.6 Q(exit)-.18 E
-F1 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 381.6 R .219
-(alue of the)-.25 F F2(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F1 .22
-(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 393.6 Q
-2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5
-E F1(is enabled.)2.5 E F2(interacti)144 410.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments)
-.1 E F1 .33(If set, allo)184 422.4 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F
-.33(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)2.83 E F1 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
-(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .39
-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 434.4 R .69 -.15(ve s)-.25
-H .39(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)2.89 E F1(in)2.64 E F0(bash)2.89 E F1
-2.89(\(1\)\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 446.4 Q(ault.)
--.1 E F2(lastpipe)144 463.2 Q F1 .066
-(If set, and job control is not acti)184 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566
-(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
-(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 475.2 Q(vironment.)
--.4 E F2(lithist)144 492 Q F1 .654(If set, and the)184 492 R F2(cmdhist)
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--.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
-(with embedded ne)184 504 Q
-(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F2
-(localv)144 520.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F1 .422(If set, local v)184 532.8 R
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-(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
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-(If set, prompt strings under)184 482.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
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-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 600 Q F2(sour)
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-(ault.)-.1 E F2 -.1(va)144 657.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F1 .74(If \
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-(rection syntax \(see)184 681.6 R F3(REDIRECTION)3.408 E F1(in)3.157 E
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-(ving them open when the)-.2 F(command completes.)184 693.6 Q
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-(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 F 2.574(ault. If)-.1 F
-(the)2.574 E F2(posix)2.574 E F1(shell)2.574 E(option is also enabled,)
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-(ptions.)-2.5 E F2(suspend)108 124.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad66>A F1(])A .91
-(Suspend the e)144 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .91
-(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G
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-.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 160.8 R .107(T\
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-([)108 201.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F2(])2.5 E F1 .877
-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 201.6 R .878
-(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)144 213.6
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-(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
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-(primaries described in)144 225.6 R F0(bash)3.731 E F1 1.231
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-(gument of)-.18 E F2<adad>2.5 E F1(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
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-(dence. The)144 266.4 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
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-(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F2(!)144 290.4 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
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-.26(Returns the v)180 302.4 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F0 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2
-E F1 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 314.4 Q F0 -.2
-(ex)144 326.4 S(pr1).2 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1
--.35(Tr)180 338.4 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(and)2.5
-E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1(are true.)2.52 E F0 -.2(ex)144 350.4 S
-(pr1).2 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(o)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1 -.35(Tr)180
-362.4 S(ue if either).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(or)2.5 E F0 -.2
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-(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 396 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180
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-(ument).18 E(The e)180 432 Q(xpression is true if and only if the ar)
--.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 444 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 456 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)
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-(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
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-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F F0
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-(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .122
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-(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
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-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 516 R .236
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-(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 528 R F0(bash)3.046 E F1
-.546(\(1\) under)B F3(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)
-A F1 .888(the result of the e)180 540 R .888(xpression is the result of\
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-(ments as operands.)180 552 R(The)5.434 E F2<ad61>2.934 E F1(and)2.934 E
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-(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .646
-(are three ar)180 564 R 3.146(guments. If)-.18 F .646(the \214rst ar)
-3.146 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.146 E F1 3.146(,t)C .646(he v)
--3.146 F .645(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .645(tion of the tw)
-.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .451
-(ment test using the second and third ar)180 576 R 2.951(guments. If)
--.18 F .451(the \214rst ar)2.951 F .451(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E
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--.18 F(gument.)-.18 E(Otherwise, the e)180 600 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E
-(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 612 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429
-(The follo)180 624 R .429
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
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--.15 E F2(\()2.81 E F1 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18
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--2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183
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-(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 684
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-(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 708 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 720
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-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 124.8 Q F1
-1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
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-136.8 Q F2(trap)108 153.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F1 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E
-F0(action)A F1(])A F0(sigspec)2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(The)
-144 165.6 Q F0(action)3.734 E F1 .903(is a command that is read and e)
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--.25 G 3.403(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.403 E F0(sigspec)3.743 E F1 5.903
-(.I).31 G(f)-5.903 E F0(action)144.33 177.6 Q F1 .105
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-(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F2<ad>2.605 E F1 2.605(,e)C .106
-(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original dis-)-2.605 F .627
-(position \(the v)144 189.6 R .626
-(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.626 E F0(action)
-3.456 E F1 .626(is the null string the signal speci-)3.366 F
-(\214ed by each)144 201.6 Q F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)2.81 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 218.4 R .165
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-(displays the actions associated with each trapped signal as a set)2.665
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-E F2<ad70>2.569 E F1 .473(is gi)144 242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .473(n, and)
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-(sigspec)3.314 E F1(or)3.284 E(,)-.4 E .364
-(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 254.4 R
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-.207(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 266.4 R(The)
-5.207 E F2<ad50>2.707 E F1 .207(option beha)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.707
-(ss).15 G(imilarly)-2.707 E 2.707(,b)-.65 G .208(ut displays only)-2.907
-F 1.553(the actions associated with each)144 278.4 R F0(sigspec)4.052 E
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-(requires at least one)4.052 F F0(sigspec)4.052 E F1(ar)4.052 E(gument.)
--.18 E(The)144 290.4 Q F2<ad50>2.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F2<ad70>2.727 E F1
-.227(options to)2.727 F F2(trap)2.727 E F1 .227
-(may be used in a subshell en)2.727 F .227
-(vironment \(e.g., command substitution\))-.4 F .993
-(and, as long as the)144 302.4 R 3.493(ya)-.15 G .993(re used before)
--3.493 F F2(trap)3.493 E F1 .993(is used to change a signal')3.493 F
-3.492(sh)-.55 G .992(andling, will display the)-3.492 F
-(state of its parent')144 314.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(raps.)-2.5 E(The)144
-331.2 Q F2<ad6c>3.216 E F1 .716(option causes)3.216 F F2(trap)3.216 E F1
-.716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)
-3.216 F(Each)5.717 E F0(sigspec)144.34 343.2 Q F1 .709
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.519 F F0(signal.h)A F1 .709
-(>, or a signal number)B 5.708(.S)-.55 G .708(ignal names are case)
--5.708 F(insensiti)144 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F1(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .091(If a)144
-372 R F0(sigspec)2.931 E F1(is)2.901 E F3(EXIT)2.591 E F1 .091
-(\(0\) the command)2.341 F F0(action)2.921 E F1 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e).15 F .092(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .092
-(If a)5.092 F F0(sigspec)2.932 E F1(is)2.902 E F3(DE-)2.592 E -.09(BU)
-144 384 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 1.245(the command)3.495 F
-F0(action)4.075 E F1 1.245(is e)3.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.244
-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F0 1.244(simple command)
-3.744 F F1(,)A F0(for)3.744 E F1(command,)3.744 E F0(case)3.744 E F1
-(com-)3.744 E(mand,)144 396 Q F0(select)2.696 E F1 .196
-(command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic)
-2.696 F F0(for)2.697 E F1(command,)2.697 E 1.105
-(and before the \214rst command e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.105
-(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 1.105(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.605 F F1
-(in)3.355 E F0(bash)3.604 E F1(\(1\)\).)A .556
-(Refer to the description of the)144 420 R F2(extdeb)3.056 E(ug)-.2 E F1
-.556(option to the)3.056 F F2(shopt)3.056 E F1 -.2(bu)3.056 G .556
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .557(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)144 432
-Q(UG)-.1 E F1 2.515(trap. If)2.515 F(a)2.515 E F0(sigspec)2.855 E F1(is)
-2.825 E F3(RETURN)2.515 E F4(,)A F1 .015(the command)2.265 F F0(action)
-2.844 E F1 .014(is e)2.754 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .014
-(cuted each time a shell function).15 F(or a script e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F2(.)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F2(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18
-E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E
-.284(If a)144 460.8 R F0(sigspec)3.124 E F1(is)3.094 E F3(ERR)2.784 E F4
-(,)A F1 .284(the command)2.534 F F0(action)3.114 E F1 .284(is e)3.024 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.784(rap).15 G
-.285(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 F .185(single simple comma\
-nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 472.8 R
-.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 484.8 R .451
-(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F1 .451
-(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
-(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 496.8 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)
-2.888 E F1(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F1 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F0(if)2.897 E F1 .387
-(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1 .778
-(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F1(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F1
-3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 520.8 R
-1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
--3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
-F2(!)3.78 E F1(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 532.8 Q
-(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F1(\()2.5 E F2<ad65>A F1 2.5
-(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 549.6 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.569(,s).15 G .07
-(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)
--2.569 F(Interacti)144 561.6 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652
-(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G
-.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576
-(nored are reset to their original v)144 573.6 R .576
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .577
-(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 585.6 Q
-(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(sigspec)2.84 E F1(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4
-G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F1(returns true.)2.5 E F2(true)108
-602.4 Q F1(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 602.4 Q F2(type)108
-619.2 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F1(])A F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0
-(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F0(name)
-3.034 E F1 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F2<ad74>144 643.2 Q F1 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F1
-.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F0(alias)3.545 E F1(,).27 E
-F0 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F1(,).77 E F0(function)5.185 E F1
-(,).24 E F0 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F1 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F0
-(\214le)5.125 E F1(if)3.395 E F0(name)144.36 655.2 Q F1 .378
-(is an alias, shell reserv)3.058 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .377
-(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.I)
--.65 G 2.877(ft)-5.377 G(he)-2.877 E F0(name)144.36 667.2 Q F1 .645
-(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F2(type)3.146 E F1
-.646(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .646(xit status.)-.15 F .646(If the)
-5.646 F F2<ad70>3.146 E F1(op-)3.146 E .642(tion is used,)144 679.2 R F2
-(type)3.142 E F1 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .641(ould be found by searching)
--.1 F F2($P)144 691.2 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1(if)3.06 E F0(name)3.42
-E F1 .56(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if w)3.24 F .56
-(ould not return)-.1 F F0(\214le)4.97 E F1 5.56(.T).18 G(he)-5.56 E F2
-<ad50>3.06 E F1 .04(option forces a)144 703.2 R F3 -.666(PA)2.54 G(TH)
--.189 E F1 .04(search for each)2.29 F F0(name)2.54 E F1 2.54(,e)C -.15
-(ve)-2.79 G 2.54(ni).15 G 2.54(fw)-2.54 G .04(ould not return)-2.64 F F0
-(\214le)4.45 E F1 5.04(.I).18 G 2.54(fac)-5.04 G .04(ommand is hashed,)
--2.54 F F2<ad70>144 715.2 Q F1(and)3.283 E F2<ad50>3.283 E F1 .784
-(print the hashed v)3.283 F .784
-(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F3 -.666(PA)3.284 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F1(If)5.284 E(the)144 727.2 Q F2
-<ad61>3.73 E F1 1.23(option is used,)3.73 F F2(type)3.73 E F1 1.23
-(prints all of the places that contain a command named)3.73 F F0(name)
-4.09 E F1 6.23(.T).18 G(his)-6.23 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
-/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E .735
-(includes aliases, reserv)144 84 R .735(ed w)-.15 F .736
-(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F .736(uiltins, b)-.2 F .736
-(ut the path search options \()-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>A F1
-(and)3.236 E F2<ad50>3.236 E F1(\))A .292
-(can be supplied to restrict the output to e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.292(cutable \214les.).15 F F2(type)5.292 E F1 .291
-(does not consult the table of hashed)2.792 F 1.069(commands when using)
-144 108 R F2<ad61>3.569 E F1(with)3.569 E F2<ad70>3.569 E F1 3.569(,a)C
-1.069(nd only performs a)-3.569 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.569 G
-(TH)-.189 E F1 1.07(search for)3.319 F F0(name)3.57 E F1 6.07(.T)C(he)
--6.07 E F2<ad66>3.57 E F1(option)3.57 E .002
-(suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)144 120 R F2(command)
-2.502 E F1 -.2(bu)2.502 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.002 E F1 .002
-(returns true if all of the ar)2.502 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments are found, f)144
-132 Q(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108
-148.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A F1(])A F2<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 160.8 Q
-F1([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A F1 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E
-(T)-.4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(limit)A F1(]])A(Pro)144 172.8 Q .243
-(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243
-(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
-(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 184.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F1(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F1 .943
-(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
-(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 208.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
-F1(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F1 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-220.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F0(limit)2.729 E F1 .139
-(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 232.8 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F1(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F1 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F1 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
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-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 256.8 R F2<ad48>3.485 E F1 .984
-(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
-(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 268.8
-R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
-280.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 292.8 Q F1
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 292.8 Q F2<ad62>
-144 304.8 Q F1(The maximum sock)180 304.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63>144 316.8 Q F1
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 316.8 Q F2<ad64>144 328.8
-Q F1(The maximum size of a process')180 328.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 340.8 Q F1
-(The maximum scheduling priority \()180 340.8 Q F2<ad66>144 352.8 Q F1
-(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-352.8 Q F2<ad69>144 364.8 Q F1(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-364.8 Q F2<ad6b>144 376.8 Q F1
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 376.8 Q F2
-<ad6c>144 388.8 Q F1(The maximum size that may be lock)180 388.8 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 400.8 Q F1
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 400.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 412.8 Q F1 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 412.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 424.8 Q F2<ad70>144 436.8 Q F1
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 436.8 Q F2
-<ad71>144 448.8 Q F1
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 448.8 Q F2
-<ad72>144 460.8 Q F1(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 460.8
-Q F2<ad73>144 472.8 Q F1(The maximum stack size)180 472.8 Q F2<ad74>144
-484.8 Q F1(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 484.8 Q F2
-<ad75>144 496.8 Q F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 496.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 508.8 Q F1 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 508.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-520.8 Q F2<ad78>144 532.8 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
-532.8 Q F2<ad50>144 544.8 Q F1(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
-544.8 Q F2<ad52>144 556.8 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can\
- run before blocking, in microseconds)180 556.8 Q F2<ad54>144 568.8 Q F1
-(The maximum number of threads)180 568.8 Q(If)144 585.6 Q F0(limit)3.058
-E F1 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>
-2.968 E F1 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F0(limit)2.968 E F1 .468
-(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>
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-F2<ad70>3.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
--3.17 F F2<ad50>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad54>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad62>3.17 E F1(,)
-A F2<ad6b>144 621.6 Q F1(,)A F2<ad6e>3.736 E F1 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
-F2<ad75>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F2<ad63>3.736 E F1(and)3.736 E
-F2<ad66>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 633.6 R .238
-(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
-(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 645.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
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-2.5(][)C F0(mode)-2.5 E F1(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 674.4 R F0(mode)3.06 E F1
-5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F0(mode)3.06 E F1(be)2.86 E .18
-(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
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-698.4 Q F0(mode)3.262 E F1 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F1 .382
-(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 710.4 R .547
-(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F1 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F0
-(mode)144.38 722.4 Q F1 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
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-(mode w)144 84 Q(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F0(mode)2.5 E F1
-(ar)2.5 E(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 100.8 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F1 2.5
-(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Remo)144 112.8 Q
-1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F0(name)3.258 E F1 .758
-(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F2<ad61>3.258 E
-F1 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144
-124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F0(name)2.86 E F1
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 141.6 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2
-(fv)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666
-(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.15(Fo)144 153.6 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F0
-(name)4.163 E F1 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
-1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F2<ad76>3.804 E F1 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F0(name)144.36 165.6 Q F1 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 177.6 R F2
-<ad66>2.768 E F1 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F0(name)3.129 E F1
-.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 189.6 R F2<ad6e>2.904 E
-F1 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F0(name)2.904 E F1 .404(is a v)
-2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F0(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F1
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F0(name)2.904 E F1 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 201.6 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F2
-<ad6e>5.719 E F1 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F2<ad66>
-3.22 E F1 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 213.6 R F0(name)3.237 E F1 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-225.6 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
-1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
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-141.79 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Trailer
-end
-%%EOF
+++ /dev/null
-#! /bin/sh
-#
-# Some of these should really be done by options to makeinfo or by
-# using @setfilename, but this way we can have both bashref.info and
-# bash.info (for installing)
-#
-
-sed -e 's|bashref.info|bash.info|g'
+\bo Importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup.
- +\bo Parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
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+ +\bo Parsing the values of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS and S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell en-
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+\bo Redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
tion operators.
+++ /dev/null
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-%%Trailer
-end
-%%EOF
@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Thu Dec 12 13:37:30 EST 2024
+@set LASTCHANGE Mon Feb 24 16:09:32 EST 2025
@set EDITION 5.3
@set VERSION 5.3
-@set UPDATED 12 December 2024
-@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2024
+@set UPDATED 24 February 2025
+@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2025
/* eval.c -- reading and evaluating commands. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1996-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
{
/* Some kind of throw to top_level has occurred. */
case ERREXIT:
- if (exit_immediately_on_error)
+ /* POSIX says to exit on error "as if by executing the
+ exit special built-in utility with no arguments," so we
+ don't reset any local contexts and keep the execution
+ context in a shell function if we were executing one. */
+ if (exit_immediately_on_error && posixly_correct == 0)
reset_local_contexts (); /* not in a function */
case FORCE_EOF:
case EXITPROG:
ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep finfo logname basename dirname fdflags \
tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir mkfifo mktemp printenv id whoami \
uname sync push ln unlink realpath strftime mypid setpgid seq rm \
- accept csv dsv cut stat getconf kv strptime
-OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd asort
+ accept csv dsv cut stat getconf kv strptime chmod
+OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd asort fltexpr
SUBDIRS = perl
strptime: strptime.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ strptime.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+chmod: chmod.o
+ $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ chmod.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
mypid: mypid.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ mypid.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
asort: asort.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ asort.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+fltexpr: fltexpr.o
+ $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ fltexpr.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS) -lm
+
+
# pushd is a special case. We use the same source that the builtin version
# uses, with special compilation options.
#
basename.o dirname.o tty.o pathchk.o tee.o head.o rmdir.o necho.o \
hello.o cat.o csv.o dsv.o kv.o cut.o printenv.o id.o whoami.o uname.o \
sync.o push.o mkdir.o mktemp.o realpath.o strftime.o setpgid.o stat.o \
- fdflags.o seq.o asort.o strptime.o
+ fdflags.o seq.o asort.o strptime.o chmod.o
${OBJS}: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
necho.o: necho.c
hello.o: hello.c
cat.o: cat.c
+chmod.o: chmod.c
csv.o: csv.c
dsv.o: dsv.c
kv.o: kv.c
int
cat_main (int argc, char **argv)
{
- int i, fd, r;
+ int i, fd, r, closefd;
char *s;
if (argc == 1)
return (fcopy(0, "standard input"));
- for (i = r = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+ for (i = 1, r = 0; i < argc; i++) {
QUIT;
- if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0')
+ if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0') {
fd = 0;
- else {
+ closefd = 0;
+ } else {
fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY, 0666);
if (fd < 0) {
s = strerror(errno);
write(2, ": ", 2);
write(2, s, strlen(s));
write(2, "\n", 1);
+ r++;
continue;
}
+ closefd = 1;
}
- r = fcopy(fd, argv[i]);
- if (fd != 0)
+ r += fcopy(fd, argv[i]);
+ if (closefd)
close(fd);
}
QUIT;
r = cat_main(c, v);
free(v);
- return r;
+ return r; /* relies on EXECUTION_SUCCESS being 0 */
}
char *cat_doc[] = {
--- /dev/null
+/* chmod - change file mode bits */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+/*
+ Copyright (C) 2024-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash.
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#define ISOCTAL(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '7')
+
+extern int parse_symbolic_mode (char *, mode_t);
+
+#define STANDARD_BITS (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
+#define ALLBITS (STANDARD_BITS | S_ISUID| S_ISGID | S_ISVTX)
+
+int
+chmod_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
+{
+ int opt, nmode, lmode, rval;
+ char *mode;
+ struct stat st;
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ mode = (char *)NULL;
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt(list, "fhvRHLP")) != -1)
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ CASE_HELPOPT;
+ default:
+ return (EX_DISKFALLBACK);
+ }
+ list = loptend;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+
+ mode = list->word->word;
+ list = list->next;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+
+ nmode = -1;
+ if (ISOCTAL (*mode)) /* octal number */
+ {
+ nmode = read_octal (mode);
+ if (nmode < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("invalid file mode: %s", mode);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+ else /* test for valid symbolic mode */
+ {
+ /* initial bits are a=rwx; the mode argument modifies them */
+ lmode = parse_symbolic_mode (mode, ALLBITS);
+ if (lmode < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("invalid file mode: %s", mode);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+ {
+ lmode = nmode;
+ if (stat (l->word->word, &st) < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("`%s': cannot stat: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+ rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (lmode == -1)
+ {
+ lmode = parse_symbolic_mode (mode, st.st_mode & ALLBITS);
+ if (lmode < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("`%s': invalid file mode: %s", l->word->word, mode);
+ rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (chmod (l->word->word, lmode))
+ {
+ builtin_error ("`%s': cannot change mode: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+ rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ return rval;
+}
+
+char *chmod_doc[] = {
+ "Change file mode bits.",
+ "",
+ "Change file mode bits. Change the mode bits of files named as",
+ "arguments, in the order specified, as specified by MODE."
+ "The MODE argument may be an octal number or a symbolic mode like",
+ "that described in chmod(1). If a symbolic mode is used, the",
+ "operations are interpreted relative to an initial mode of \"a=rwx\".",
+ "",
+ "The return value is 0 unless an error occurs.",
+ (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin chmod_struct = {
+ "chmod",
+ chmod_builtin,
+ BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+ chmod_doc,
+ "chmod [-R] mode file [file...]",
+ 0
+};
--- /dev/null
+/* fltexpr.c -- floating-point arithmetic expression evaluation. */
+
+/* A thinly-edited version of expr.c/builtins/let.def */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+/*
+ All arithmetic is done as double-precision floating point numbers
+ with some checking for overflow (though division by 0 is caught and
+ flagged as an error).
+
+ The following operators are handled, grouped into a set of levels in
+ order of decreasing precedence.
+
+ "id++", "id--" [post-increment and post-decrement]
+ "++id", "--id" [pre-increment and pre-decrement]
+ "-", "+" [(unary operators)]
+ "!"
+ "**" [(exponentiation)]
+ "*", "/"
+ "+", "-"
+ "<=", ">=", "<", ">"
+ "==", "!="
+ "&&"
+ "||"
+ "expr ? expr : expr"
+ "=", "*=", "/=", "+=", "-="
+ , [comma]
+
+ This is a subset of the operators available for integer expressions.
+
+ Sub-expressions within parentheses have a precedence level greater than
+ all of the above levels and are evaluated first. Within a single prece-
+ dence group, evaluation is left-to-right, except for the arithmetic
+ assignment operator (`='), which is evaluated right-to-left (as in C).
+
+ The expression evaluator returns the value of the expression (assignment
+ statements have as a value what is returned by the RHS). The `fltexpr'
+ builtin, on the other hand, returns 0 if the last expression evaluates to
+ a non-zero, and 1 otherwise.
+
+ Implementation is a recursive-descent parser.
+
+ Chet Ramey
+ chet.ramey@case.edu
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# ifdef _MINIX
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# endif
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "loadables.h"
+
+#include "arrayfunc.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "subst.h"
+#include "typemax.h" /* INTMAX_MAX, INTMAX_MIN */
+
+typedef double sh_float_t;
+
+/* Because of the $((...)) construct, expressions may include newlines.
+ Here is a macro which accepts newlines, tabs and spaces as whitespace. */
+#define cr_whitespace(c) (whitespace(c) || ((c) == '\n'))
+
+/* Size be which the expression stack grows when necessary. */
+#define EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE 10
+
+/* Maximum amount of recursion allowed. This prevents a non-integer
+ variable such as "num=num+2" from infinitely adding to itself when
+ "let num=num+2" is given. */
+#define MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL 1024
+
+/* The Tokens. Singing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". */
+
+#define EQEQ 1 /* "==" */
+#define NEQ 2 /* "!=" */
+#define LEQ 3 /* "<=" */
+#define GEQ 4 /* ">=" */
+#define STR 5 /* string */
+#define NUM 6 /* number */
+#define LAND 7 /* "&&" Logical AND */
+#define LOR 8 /* "||" Logical OR */
+#define OP_ASSIGN 11 /* op= expassign as in Posix.2 */
+#define COND 12 /* exp1 ? exp2 : exp3 */
+#define POWER 13 /* exp1**exp2 */
+#define PREINC 14 /* ++var */
+#define PREDEC 15 /* --var */
+#define POSTINC 16 /* var++ */
+#define POSTDEC 17 /* var-- */
+#define EQ '='
+#define GT '>'
+#define LT '<'
+#define PLUS '+'
+#define MINUS '-'
+#define MUL '*'
+#define DIV '/'
+#define NOT '!'
+#define LPAR '('
+#define RPAR ')'
+#define QUES '?'
+#define COL ':'
+#define COMMA ','
+
+/* This should be the function corresponding to the operator with the
+ lowest precedence. */
+#define EXP_LOWEST expcomma
+
+#define SHFLOAT_STRLEN_BOUND 63 /* For now */
+#define SHFLOAT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (SHFLOAT_STRLEN_BOUND+1)
+
+/* These are valid when sh_float_t == double */
+#define SHFLOAT_MAX DBL_MAX
+#define SHFLOAT_MIN DBL_MIN
+#define SHFLOAT_DIG DBL_DIG
+#define SHFLOAT_MANT_DIG DBL_MANT_DIG
+#define SHFLOAT_LENGTH_MODIFIER 'l';
+#define SHFLOAT_STRTOD strtod
+
+struct lvalue
+{
+ char *tokstr; /* possibly-rewritten lvalue if not NULL */
+ sh_float_t tokval; /* expression evaluated value */
+ SHELL_VAR *tokvar; /* variable described by array or var reference */
+ arrayind_t ind; /* array index if not -1 */
+};
+
+/* A structure defining a single expression context. */
+typedef struct
+{
+ int curtok, lasttok;
+ char *expression, *tp, *lasttp;
+ sh_float_t tokval;
+ char *tokstr;
+ int noeval;
+ struct lvalue lval;
+} FLTEXPR_CONTEXT;
+
+static char *expression; /* The current expression */
+static char *tp; /* token lexical position */
+static char *lasttp; /* pointer to last token position */
+static int curtok; /* the current token */
+static int lasttok; /* the previous token */
+static int assigntok; /* the OP in OP= */
+static char *tokstr; /* current token string */
+static sh_float_t tokval; /* current token value */
+static int noeval; /* set to 1 if no assignment to be done */
+static procenv_t evalbuf;
+
+/* set to 1 if the expression has already been run through word expansion */
+static int already_expanded;
+
+static struct lvalue curlval = {0, 0, 0, -1};
+static struct lvalue lastlval = {0, 0, 0, -1};
+
+static sh_float_t nanval, infval;
+
+static int is_arithop (int);
+static int is_multiop (int);
+static void readtok (void); /* lexical analyzer */
+
+static void init_lvalue (struct lvalue *);
+static struct lvalue *alloc_lvalue (void);
+static void free_lvalue (struct lvalue *);
+
+static sh_float_t fltexpr_streval (char *, int, struct lvalue *);
+static void evalerror (const char *);
+
+static sh_float_t fltexpr_strtod (const char *, char **);
+static char *fltexpr_format (sh_float_t);
+
+#if defined (ARRAYS)
+static int fltexpr_skipsubscript (char *, char *);
+#endif
+
+static void pushexp (void);
+static void popexp (void);
+static void fltexpr_unwind (void);
+static void fltexpr_bind_variable (char *, char *);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static void fltexpr_bind_array_element (char *, arrayind_t, char *);
+#endif
+
+static sh_float_t fltexp_subexpr (const char *);
+
+static sh_float_t expcomma (void);
+static sh_float_t expassign (void);
+static sh_float_t expcond (void);
+static sh_float_t explor (void);
+static sh_float_t expland (void);
+static sh_float_t expeq (void);
+static sh_float_t expcompare (void);
+static sh_float_t expshift (void);
+static sh_float_t expaddsub (void);
+static sh_float_t expmuldiv (void);
+static sh_float_t exppower (void);
+static sh_float_t expunary (void);
+static sh_float_t exp0 (void);
+
+/* Global var which contains the stack of expression contexts. */
+static FLTEXPR_CONTEXT **expr_stack;
+static int expr_depth; /* Location in the stack. */
+static size_t expr_stack_size; /* Number of slots already allocated. */
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+extern const char * const bash_badsub_errmsg;
+#endif
+
+#define SAVETOK(X) \
+ do { \
+ (X)->curtok = curtok; \
+ (X)->lasttok = lasttok; \
+ (X)->tp = tp; \
+ (X)->lasttp = lasttp; \
+ (X)->tokval = tokval; \
+ (X)->tokstr = tokstr; \
+ (X)->noeval = noeval; \
+ (X)->lval = curlval; \
+ } while (0)
+
+#define RESTORETOK(X) \
+ do { \
+ curtok = (X)->curtok; \
+ lasttok = (X)->lasttok; \
+ tp = (X)->tp; \
+ lasttp = (X)->lasttp; \
+ tokval = (X)->tokval; \
+ tokstr = (X)->tokstr; \
+ noeval = (X)->noeval; \
+ curlval = (X)->lval; \
+ } while (0)
+
+/* Push and save away the contents of the globals describing the
+ current expression context. */
+static void
+pushexp (void)
+{
+ FLTEXPR_CONTEXT *context;
+
+ if (expr_depth >= MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL)
+ evalerror (_("expression recursion level exceeded"));
+
+ if (expr_depth >= expr_stack_size)
+ {
+ expr_stack_size += EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE;
+ expr_stack = (FLTEXPR_CONTEXT **)xrealloc (expr_stack, expr_stack_size * sizeof (FLTEXPR_CONTEXT *));
+ }
+
+ context = (FLTEXPR_CONTEXT *)xmalloc (sizeof (FLTEXPR_CONTEXT));
+
+ context->expression = expression;
+ SAVETOK(context);
+
+ expr_stack[expr_depth++] = context;
+}
+
+/* Pop the the contents of the expression context stack into the
+ globals describing the current expression context. */
+static void
+popexp (void)
+{
+ FLTEXPR_CONTEXT *context;
+
+ if (expr_depth <= 0)
+ {
+ /* See the comment at the top of evalexp() for an explanation of why
+ this is done. */
+ expression = lasttp = 0;
+ evalerror (_("recursion stack underflow"));
+ }
+
+ context = expr_stack[--expr_depth];
+
+ expression = context->expression;
+ RESTORETOK (context);
+
+ free (context);
+}
+
+static void
+fltexpr_unwind (void)
+{
+ while (--expr_depth > 0)
+ {
+ if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr)
+ free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr);
+
+ if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression)
+ free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression);
+
+ free (expr_stack[expr_depth]);
+ }
+ if (expr_depth == 0)
+ free (expr_stack[expr_depth]); /* free the allocated FLTEXPR_CONTEXT */
+
+ noeval = 0; /* XXX */
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+fltexpr_strtod (const char *nptr, char **ep)
+{
+ sh_float_t r;
+ char *xp;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ r = SHFLOAT_STRTOD (nptr, &xp);
+ if (errno == ERANGE)
+ evalerror ("number out of range");
+ else if (r == 0 && *ep == nptr)
+ evalerror ("invalid number");
+ if (ep)
+ *ep = xp;
+ return r;
+}
+
+/* Convert from internal format (double) to external format (char *).
+ Code adapted from gnulib. */
+
+static char *
+fltexpr_format (sh_float_t val)
+{
+ int r;
+ char ret[SHFLOAT_BUFSIZE_BOUND]; /* XXX */
+ char format[8], *p;
+ size_t retsize;
+ int prec, n;
+ sh_float_t abs_val;
+
+ abs_val = val < 0 ? -val : val;
+
+ /* There are better ways to do this, but this is an example */
+
+ /* Construct the format, this is where we tinker */
+ p = format;
+
+ *p++ = '%';
+ *p++ = '.';
+ *p++ = '*';
+ *p++ = SHFLOAT_LENGTH_MODIFIER;
+ *p++ = 'g'; /* XXX */
+ *p = '\0';
+
+ retsize = sizeof (ret);
+
+ /* Use a loop to get the minimal representation but make sure we have the
+ minimum number of digits required to round-trip a sh_float_t. */
+ for (prec = abs_val < SHFLOAT_MIN ? 1 : SHFLOAT_DIG; ; prec++)
+ {
+ n = snprintf (ret, retsize, format, prec, val);
+ if (n < 0 ||
+ prec >= SHFLOAT_MANT_DIG ||
+ (n < retsize && SHFLOAT_STRTOD (ret, NULL) == val))
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return savestring (ret);
+}
+
+static void
+fltexpr_bind_variable (char *lhs, char *rhs)
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ int aflags;
+
+ if (lhs == 0 || *lhs == 0)
+ return; /* XXX */
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ aflags = ASS_NOEXPAND|ASS_ALLOWALLSUB; /* allow assoc[@]=value */;
+#else
+ aflags = 0;
+#endif
+ v = builtin_bind_variable (lhs, rhs, aflags);
+ if (v && ASSIGN_DISALLOWED (v, 0))
+ sh_longjmp (evalbuf, 1); /* variable assignment error */
+ stupidly_hack_special_variables (lhs);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* This is similar to the logic in arrayfunc.c:valid_array_reference when
+ you pass VA_NOEXPAND. */
+static int
+fltexpr_skipsubscript (char *vp, char *cp)
+{
+ int flags, isassoc, noexp;
+ SHELL_VAR *entry;
+
+ isassoc = 0;
+ entry = 0;
+
+ *cp = '\0';
+ isassoc = valid_identifier (vp) && (entry = find_variable (vp)) && assoc_p (entry);
+ *cp = '['; /* ] */
+
+ /* We're not doing any evaluation here, we should suppress expansion when
+ skipping over the subscript */
+ flags = isassoc ? VA_NOEXPAND : 0;
+ return (skipsubscript (cp, 0, flags));
+}
+
+/* Rewrite tok, which is of the form vname[expression], to vname[ind], where
+ IND is the already-calculated value of expression. */
+static void
+fltexpr_bind_array_element (char *tok, arrayind_t ind, char *rhs)
+{
+ char *lhs, *vname;
+ size_t llen;
+ char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (arrayind_t) + 1], *istr;
+
+ istr = fmtumax (ind, 10, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf), 0);
+ vname = array_variable_name (tok, 0, (char **)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+
+ llen = strlen (vname) + sizeof (ibuf) + 3;
+ lhs = xmalloc (llen);
+
+ sprintf (lhs, "%s[%s]", vname, istr); /* XXX */
+
+/*itrace("expr_bind_array_element: %s=%s", lhs, rhs);*/
+ fltexpr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs);
+ free (vname);
+ free (lhs);
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+/* Evaluate EXPR, and return the arithmetic result. If VALIDP is
+ non-null, a zero is stored into the location to which it points
+ if the expression is invalid, non-zero otherwise. If a non-zero
+ value is returned in *VALIDP, the return value of evalexp() may
+ be used.
+
+ The `while' loop after the longjmp is caught relies on the above
+ implementation of pushexp and popexp leaving in expr_stack[0] the
+ values that the variables had when the program started. That is,
+ the first things saved are the initial values of the variables that
+ were assigned at program startup or by the compiler. Therefore, it is
+ safe to let the loop terminate when expr_depth == 0, without freeing up
+ any of the expr_depth[0] stuff. */
+sh_float_t
+fltexpr_evalexp (const char *expr, int flags, int *validp)
+{
+ sh_float_t val;
+ int c;
+ procenv_t oevalbuf;
+
+ val = 0;
+ noeval = 0;
+ already_expanded = (flags&EXP_EXPANDED);
+
+ FASTCOPY (evalbuf, oevalbuf, sizeof (evalbuf));
+
+ c = setjmp_nosigs (evalbuf);
+
+ if (c)
+ {
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ FREE (expression);
+ tokstr = expression = (char *)NULL;
+
+ fltexpr_unwind ();
+ expr_depth = 0; /* XXX - make sure */
+
+ /* We copy in case we've called evalexp recursively */
+ FASTCOPY (oevalbuf, evalbuf, sizeof (evalbuf));
+
+ if (validp)
+ *validp = 0;
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ val = fltexp_subexpr (expr);
+
+ if (validp)
+ *validp = 1;
+
+ FASTCOPY (oevalbuf, evalbuf, sizeof (evalbuf));
+
+ return (val);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+fltexp_subexpr (const char *expr)
+{
+ sh_float_t val;
+ const char *p;
+
+ for (p = expr; p && *p && cr_whitespace (*p); p++)
+ ;
+
+ if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
+ return (0);
+
+ pushexp ();
+ expression = savestring (expr);
+ tp = expression;
+
+ curtok = lasttok = 0;
+ tokstr = (char *)NULL;
+ tokval = 0;
+ init_lvalue (&curlval);
+ lastlval = curlval;
+
+ readtok ();
+
+ val = EXP_LOWEST ();
+
+ if (curtok != 0)
+ evalerror (_("arithmetic syntax error in expression"));
+
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ FREE (expression);
+
+ popexp ();
+
+ return val;
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expcomma (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t value;
+
+ value = expassign ();
+ while (curtok == COMMA)
+ {
+ readtok ();
+ value = expassign ();
+ }
+
+ return value;
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expassign (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t value;
+ char *lhs, *rhs;
+ arrayind_t lind;
+#if defined (HAVE_IMAXDIV)
+ imaxdiv_t idiv;
+#endif
+
+ value = expcond ();
+ if (curtok == EQ || curtok == OP_ASSIGN)
+ {
+ int special, op;
+ sh_float_t lvalue;
+
+ special = curtok == OP_ASSIGN;
+
+ if (lasttok != STR)
+ evalerror (_("attempted assignment to non-variable"));
+
+ if (special)
+ {
+ op = assigntok; /* a OP= b */
+ lvalue = value;
+ }
+
+ if (tokstr == 0)
+ evalerror (_("arithmetic syntax error in variable assignment"));
+
+ /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
+ lhs = savestring (tokstr);
+ /* save ind in case rhs is string var and evaluation overwrites it */
+ lind = curlval.ind;
+ readtok ();
+ value = expassign ();
+
+ if (special)
+ {
+ if (op == DIV && value == 0)
+ {
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ evalerror (_("division by 0"));
+ else
+ value = 1;
+ }
+
+ switch (op)
+ {
+ case MUL:
+ lvalue *= value;
+ break;
+ case DIV:
+ lvalue = lvalue / value;
+ break;
+ case PLUS:
+ lvalue += value;
+ break;
+ case MINUS:
+ lvalue -= value;
+ break;
+ default:
+ free (lhs);
+ evalerror (_("bug: bad expassign token"));
+ break;
+ }
+ value = lvalue;
+ }
+
+ rhs = fltexpr_format (value);
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (lind != -1)
+ fltexpr_bind_array_element (lhs, lind, rhs);
+ else
+#endif
+ fltexpr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs);
+ }
+ if (curlval.tokstr && curlval.tokstr == tokstr)
+ init_lvalue (&curlval);
+
+ free (rhs);
+ free (lhs);
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* For freeing on errors. */
+ }
+
+ return (value);
+}
+
+/* Conditional expression (expr?expr:expr) */
+static sh_float_t
+expcond (void)
+{
+ sh_float_t cval, val1, val2, rval;
+ int set_noeval;
+
+ set_noeval = 0;
+ rval = cval = explor ();
+ if (curtok == QUES) /* found conditional expr */
+ {
+ if (cval == 0)
+ {
+ set_noeval = 1;
+ noeval++;
+ }
+
+ readtok ();
+ if (curtok == 0 || curtok == COL)
+ evalerror (_("expression expected"));
+
+ val1 = EXP_LOWEST ();
+
+ if (set_noeval)
+ noeval--;
+ if (curtok != COL)
+ evalerror (_("`:' expected for conditional expression"));
+
+ set_noeval = 0;
+ if (cval)
+ {
+ set_noeval = 1;
+ noeval++;
+ }
+
+ readtok ();
+ if (curtok == 0)
+ evalerror (_("expression expected"));
+ val2 = expcond ();
+
+ if (set_noeval)
+ noeval--;
+ rval = cval ? val1 : val2;
+ lasttok = COND;
+ }
+ return rval;
+}
+
+/* Logical OR. */
+static sh_float_t
+explor (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+ int set_noeval;
+
+ val1 = expland ();
+
+ while (curtok == LOR)
+ {
+ set_noeval = 0;
+ if (val1 != 0)
+ {
+ noeval++;
+ set_noeval = 1;
+ }
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = expland ();
+ if (set_noeval)
+ noeval--;
+ val1 = val1 || val2;
+ lasttok = LOR;
+ }
+
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+/* Logical AND. */
+static sh_float_t
+expland (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+ int set_noeval;
+
+ val1 = expeq (); /* XXX */
+
+ while (curtok == LAND)
+ {
+ set_noeval = 0;
+ if (val1 == 0)
+ {
+ set_noeval = 1;
+ noeval++;
+ }
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = expeq ();
+ if (set_noeval)
+ noeval--;
+ val1 = val1 && val2;
+ lasttok = LAND;
+ }
+
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expeq (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+
+ val1 = expcompare ();
+
+ while ((curtok == EQEQ) || (curtok == NEQ))
+ {
+ int op = curtok;
+
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = expcompare ();
+ if (op == EQEQ)
+ val1 = (val1 == val2);
+ else if (op == NEQ)
+ val1 = (val1 != val2);
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expcompare (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+
+ val1 = expaddsub ();
+ while ((curtok == LEQ) ||
+ (curtok == GEQ) ||
+ (curtok == LT) ||
+ (curtok == GT))
+ {
+ int op = curtok;
+
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = expaddsub ();
+
+ if (op == LEQ)
+ val1 = val1 <= val2;
+ else if (op == GEQ)
+ val1 = val1 >= val2;
+ else if (op == LT)
+ val1 = val1 < val2;
+ else /* (op == GT) */
+ val1 = val1 > val2;
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expaddsub (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+
+ val1 = expmuldiv ();
+
+ while ((curtok == PLUS) || (curtok == MINUS))
+ {
+ int op = curtok;
+
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = expmuldiv ();
+
+ if (op == PLUS)
+ val1 += val2;
+ else if (op == MINUS)
+ val1 -= val2;
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expmuldiv (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+
+ val1 = exppower ();
+
+ while ((curtok == MUL) || (curtok == DIV))
+ {
+ int op = curtok;
+ char *stp, *sltp;
+
+ stp = tp;
+ readtok ();
+
+ val2 = exppower ();
+
+ /* Handle division by 0 and twos-complement arithmetic overflow */
+ if (op == DIV && val2 == 0)
+ {
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
+ sltp = lasttp;
+ lasttp = stp;
+ while (lasttp && *lasttp && whitespace (*lasttp))
+ lasttp++;
+ evalerror (_("division by 0"));
+ lasttp = sltp;
+ }
+ else
+ val2 = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (op == MUL)
+ val1 *= val2;
+ else if (op == DIV)
+ val1 = val1 / val2;
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+exppower (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val1, val2;
+
+ val1 = expunary ();
+ while (curtok == POWER)
+ {
+ readtok ();
+ val2 = exppower (); /* exponentiation is right-associative */
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
+ if (val2 == 0)
+ return (1);
+ val1 = pow (val1, val2);
+ }
+ else
+ val1 = 1;
+ }
+ return (val1);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+expunary (void)
+{
+ register sh_float_t val;
+
+ if (curtok == NOT)
+ {
+ readtok ();
+ val = !expunary ();
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (curtok == MINUS)
+ {
+ readtok ();
+ val = - expunary ();
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (curtok == PLUS)
+ {
+ readtok ();
+ val = expunary ();
+ lasttok = NUM;
+ }
+ else
+ val = exp0 ();
+
+ return (val);
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+exp0 (void)
+{
+ sh_float_t val, v2;
+ char *vincdec;
+ int stok;
+ FLTEXPR_CONTEXT ec;
+
+ val = 0;
+ /* XXX - might need additional logic here to decide whether or not
+ pre-increment or pre-decrement is legal at this point. */
+ if (curtok == PREINC || curtok == PREDEC)
+ {
+ stok = lasttok = curtok;
+ readtok ();
+ if (curtok != STR)
+ /* readtok() catches this */
+ evalerror (_("identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"));
+
+ v2 = tokval + ((stok == PREINC) ? 1 : -1);
+ vincdec = fltexpr_format (v2);
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (curlval.ind != -1)
+ fltexpr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
+ else
+#endif
+ if (tokstr)
+ fltexpr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
+ }
+ free (vincdec);
+ val = v2;
+
+ curtok = NUM; /* make sure --x=7 is flagged as an error */
+ readtok ();
+ }
+ else if (curtok == LPAR)
+ {
+ /* XXX - save curlval here? Or entire expression context? */
+ readtok ();
+ val = EXP_LOWEST ();
+
+ if (curtok != RPAR) /* ( */
+ evalerror (_("missing `)'"));
+
+ /* Skip over closing paren. */
+ readtok ();
+ }
+ else if (curtok == NUM)
+ {
+ val = tokval;
+ readtok ();
+ }
+ else if (curtok == STR)
+ {
+ val = tokval;
+ SAVETOK (&ec);
+ tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
+ noeval = 1;
+ readtok ();
+ stok = curtok;
+
+ /* post-increment or post-decrement */
+ if (stok == POSTINC || stok == POSTDEC)
+ {
+ /* restore certain portions of EC */
+ tokstr = ec.tokstr;
+ noeval = ec.noeval;
+ curlval = ec.lval;
+ lasttok = STR; /* ec.curtok */
+
+ v2 = val + ((stok == POSTINC) ? 1 : -1);
+ vincdec = fltexpr_format (v2);
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (curlval.ind != -1)
+ fltexpr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
+ else
+#endif
+ fltexpr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
+ }
+ free (vincdec);
+ curtok = NUM; /* make sure x++=7 is flagged as an error */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
+ if (stok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ RESTORETOK (&ec);
+ }
+
+ readtok ();
+ }
+ else
+ evalerror (_("arithmetic syntax error: operand expected"));
+
+ return (val);
+}
+
+static void
+init_lvalue (struct lvalue *lv)
+{
+ lv->tokstr = 0;
+ lv->tokvar = 0;
+ lv->tokval = -1;
+ lv->ind = -1;
+}
+
+static struct lvalue *
+alloc_lvalue (void)
+{
+ struct lvalue *lv;
+
+ lv = xmalloc (sizeof (struct lvalue));
+ init_lvalue (lv);
+ return (lv);
+}
+
+static void
+free_lvalue (struct lvalue *lv)
+{
+ free (lv); /* should be inlined */
+}
+
+static sh_float_t
+fltexpr_streval (char *tok, int e, struct lvalue *lvalue)
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char *value;
+ sh_float_t tval;
+ int initial_depth;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ arrayind_t ind;
+ int tflag, aflag;
+ array_eltstate_t es;
+#endif
+
+/*itrace("fltexpr_streval: %s: noeval = %d expanded=%d", tok, noeval, already_expanded);*/
+ /* If we are suppressing evaluation, just short-circuit here instead of
+ going through the rest of the evaluator. */
+ if (noeval)
+ return (0);
+
+ initial_depth = expr_depth;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ tflag = AV_NOEXPAND; /* for a start */
+#endif
+
+ /* [[[[[ */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ aflag = tflag; /* use a different variable for now */
+ if (shell_compatibility_level > 51)
+ aflag |= AV_ATSTARKEYS;
+ v = (e == ']') ? array_variable_part (tok, tflag, (char **)0, (int *)0) : find_variable (tok);
+#else
+ v = find_variable (tok);
+#endif
+ if (v == 0 && e != ']')
+ v = find_variable_last_nameref (tok, 0);
+
+ if ((v == 0 || invisible_p (v)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ value = (e == ']') ? array_variable_name (tok, tflag, (char **)0, (int *)0) : tok;
+#else
+ value = tok;
+#endif
+
+ set_exit_status (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ err_unboundvar (value);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (e == ']')
+ FREE (value); /* array_variable_name returns new memory */
+#endif
+
+ if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error && interactive_shell)
+ sh_longjmp (evalbuf, 1);
+
+ if (interactive_shell)
+ {
+ fltexpr_unwind ();
+ top_level_cleanup ();
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ init_eltstate (&es);
+ es.ind = -1;
+ /* If the second argument to get_array_value doesn't include AV_ALLOWALL,
+ we don't allow references like array[@]. In this case, get_array_value
+ is just like get_variable_value in that it does not return newly-allocated
+ memory or quote the results. AFLAG is set above and is either AV_NOEXPAND
+ or 0. */
+ value = (e == ']') ? get_array_value (tok, aflag, &es) : get_variable_value (v);
+ ind = es.ind;
+ flush_eltstate (&es);
+#else
+ value = get_variable_value (v);
+#endif
+
+ if (expr_depth < initial_depth)
+ {
+ if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error && interactive_shell)
+ sh_longjmp (evalbuf, 1);
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ tval = (value && *value) ? fltexp_subexpr (value) : 0;
+
+ if (lvalue)
+ {
+ lvalue->tokstr = tok; /* XXX */
+ lvalue->tokval = tval;
+ lvalue->tokvar = v; /* XXX */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ lvalue->ind = ind;
+#else
+ lvalue->ind = -1;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ return (tval);
+}
+
+static inline int
+is_multiop (int c)
+{
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case EQEQ:
+ case NEQ:
+ case LEQ:
+ case GEQ:
+ case LAND:
+ case LOR:
+ case OP_ASSIGN:
+ case COND:
+ case POWER:
+ case PREINC:
+ case PREDEC:
+ case POSTINC:
+ case POSTDEC:
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline int
+is_arithop (int c)
+{
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case EQ:
+ case GT:
+ case LT:
+ case PLUS:
+ case MINUS:
+ case MUL:
+ case DIV:
+ case NOT:
+ case LPAR:
+ case RPAR:
+ return 1; /* operator tokens */
+ case QUES:
+ case COL:
+ case COMMA:
+ return 1; /* questionable */
+ default:
+ return 0; /* anything else is invalid */
+ }
+}
+
+/* Lexical analyzer/token reader for the expression evaluator. Reads the
+ next token and puts its value into curtok, while advancing past it.
+ Updates value of tp. May also set tokval (for number) or tokstr (for
+ string). */
+static void
+readtok (void)
+{
+ char *cp, *xp;
+ unsigned char c, c1;
+ int e;
+
+ /* Skip leading whitespace. */
+ cp = tp;
+ c = 0;
+ e = 0;
+ while (cp && (c = *cp) && (cr_whitespace (c)))
+ cp++;
+
+ if (c)
+ cp++;
+
+ if (c == '\0')
+ {
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = 0;
+ tp = cp;
+ return;
+ }
+ lasttp = tp = cp - 1;
+
+ /* check for Inf, Nan here */
+ if (strncasecmp (tp, "INF", 3) == 0 && (isalnum (tp[3]) == 0))
+ {
+ cp = tp + 3;
+ tokval = infval;
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (strncasecmp (tp, "NAN", 3) == 0 && (isalnum (tp[3]) == 0))
+ {
+ cp = tp + 3;
+ tokval = nanval;
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (strncasecmp (tp, "DBL_MIN", 7) == 0 && (isalnum (tp[7]) == 0))
+ {
+ cp = tp + 7;
+ tokval = SHFLOAT_MIN;
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (strncasecmp (tp, "DBL_MAX", 7) == 0 && (isalnum (tp[7]) == 0))
+ {
+ cp = tp + 7;
+ tokval = SHFLOAT_MAX;
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = NUM;
+ }
+ else if (legal_variable_starter (c))
+ {
+ /* variable names not preceded with a dollar sign are shell variables. */
+ char *savecp;
+ FLTEXPR_CONTEXT ec;
+ int peektok;
+
+ while (legal_variable_char (c))
+ c = *cp++;
+
+ c = *--cp;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (c == '[')
+ {
+ e = fltexpr_skipsubscript (tp, cp); /* XXX - was skipsubscript */
+ if (cp[e] == ']')
+ {
+ cp += e + 1;
+ c = *cp;
+ e = ']';
+ }
+ else
+ evalerror (_(bash_badsub_errmsg));
+ }
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+ *cp = '\0';
+ /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
+ if (curlval.tokstr && curlval.tokstr == tokstr)
+ init_lvalue (&curlval);
+
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ tokstr = savestring (tp);
+ *cp = c;
+
+ /* XXX - make peektok part of saved token state? */
+ SAVETOK (&ec);
+ tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
+ tp = savecp = cp;
+ noeval = 1;
+ curtok = STR;
+ readtok ();
+ peektok = curtok;
+ if (peektok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ RESTORETOK (&ec);
+ cp = savecp;
+
+ /* The tests for PREINC and PREDEC aren't strictly correct, but they
+ preserve old behavior if a construct like --x=9 is given. */
+ if (lasttok == PREINC || lasttok == PREDEC || peektok != EQ)
+ {
+ lastlval = curlval;
+ tokval = fltexpr_streval (tokstr, e, &curlval);
+ }
+ else
+ tokval = 0;
+
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = STR;
+ }
+ else if (DIGIT(c))
+ {
+ /* Let strtod figure out where to end the floating-point value and let
+ the parser figure out what's valid. */
+ tokval = fltexpr_strtod (tp, &cp);
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = NUM;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ c1 = *cp++;
+ if ((c == EQ) && (c1 == EQ))
+ c = EQEQ;
+ else if ((c == NOT) && (c1 == EQ))
+ c = NEQ;
+ else if ((c == GT) && (c1 == EQ))
+ c = GEQ;
+ else if ((c == LT) && (c1 == EQ))
+ c = LEQ;
+ else if ((c == '*') && (c1 == '*'))
+ c = POWER;
+ else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && c1 == c && curtok == STR)
+ c = (c == '-') ? POSTDEC : POSTINC;
+ else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && c1 == c && curtok == NUM)
+ {
+ /* This catches something like --FOO++ */
+ if (c == '-')
+ evalerror (_("--: assignment requires lvalue"));
+ else
+ evalerror (_("++: assignment requires lvalue"));
+ }
+ else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && c1 == c)
+ {
+ /* Quickly scan forward to see if this is followed by optional
+ whitespace and an identifier. */
+ xp = cp;
+ while (xp && *xp && cr_whitespace (*xp))
+ xp++;
+ if (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)*xp))
+ c = (c == '-') ? PREDEC : PREINC;
+ else
+ {
+ /* Posix says unary plus and minus have higher priority than
+ preinc and predec. */
+ /* This catches something like --4++ */
+ if (c == '-')
+ evalerror (_("--: assignment requires lvalue"));
+ else
+ evalerror (_("++: assignment requires lvalue"));
+ }
+ }
+ else if (c1 == EQ && member (c, "*/+-"))
+ {
+ assigntok = c; /* a OP= b */
+ c = OP_ASSIGN;
+ }
+ else if (is_arithop (c) == 0)
+ {
+ cp--;
+ /* use curtok, since it hasn't been copied to lasttok yet */
+ if (curtok == 0 || is_arithop (curtok) || is_multiop (curtok))
+ evalerror (_("arithmetic syntax error: operand expected"));
+ else
+ evalerror (_("arithmetic syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"));
+ }
+ else
+ cp--; /* `unget' the character */
+
+ /* Should check here to make sure that the current character is one
+ of the recognized operators and flag an error if not. Could create
+ a character map the first time through and check it on subsequent
+ calls. */
+ lasttok = curtok;
+ curtok = c;
+ }
+ tp = cp;
+}
+
+static void
+evalerror (const char *msg)
+{
+ char *name, *t;
+
+ name = this_command_name;
+ for (t = expression; t && whitespace (*t); t++)
+ ;
+ internal_error (_("%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"),
+ name ? name : "", name ? ": " : "",
+ t ? t : "", msg, (lasttp && *lasttp) ? lasttp : "");
+ sh_longjmp (evalbuf, 1);
+}
+
+int
+fltexpr_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
+{
+ sh_float_t ret;
+ int expok, opt, pflag;
+ char *str;
+
+ pflag = 0;
+
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "p")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ case 'p':
+ pflag = 1;
+ break;
+ CASE_HELPOPT;
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ list = loptend;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("expression expected"));
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ ret = fltexpr_evalexp (list->word->word, EXP_EXPANDED, &expok);
+
+ if (expok == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ if (pflag)
+ {
+ str = fltexpr_format (ret);
+ printf ("%s\n", str);
+ free (str);
+ }
+
+ return ((ret == 0) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+int
+fltexpr_builtin_load (char *s)
+{
+ /* Internal representations of Inf and NaN here */
+ nanval = strtod ("NAN", NULL);
+ infval = strtod ("INF", NULL);
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+void
+fltexpr_builtin_unload (char *s)
+{
+}
+
+char *fltexpr_doc[] =
+{
+ "Evaluate floating-point arithmetic expression.",
+ "",
+ "Evaluate EXPRESSION as a floating-point arithmetic expression and,",
+ "if the -p option is supplied, print the value to the standard output.",
+ "",
+ "Exit Status:",
+ "If the EXPRESSION evaluates to 0, the return status is 1; 0 otherwise.",
+ (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin fltexpr_struct =
+{
+ "fltexpr", /* builtin name */
+ fltexpr_builtin, /* function implementing the builtin */
+ BUILTIN_ENABLED, /* initial flags for builtin */
+ fltexpr_doc, /* array of long documentation strings. */
+ "fltexpr [-p] expression", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+ 0 /* reserved for internal use */
+};
/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
/*
- Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 2023-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
"%F %r", /* YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS p.m. */
"%F %R", /* YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM */
"%F %I:%M %p", /* YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM a.m. */
- "%F", /* YYYY-mm-dd ISO8601 time */
- "%T", /* HH:MM:SS */
- "%H.%M.%S", /* HH.MM.SS */
/* From coreutils-9.2 date */
"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z", /* ISO8601 time */
"%Y-%m-%dT%H%z", /* ISO8601 time */
"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M%z", /* ISO8601 time */
+ "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Z", /* ISO8601 time but with timezone name */
+ "%Y-%m-%dT%H%Z", /* ISO8601 time but with timezone name */
+ "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M%Z", /* ISO8601 time but with timezone name */
/* RFC 3339 time */
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z", /* RFC 3339 time */
- "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z", /* RFC 3339 time */
+ "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%Z", /* RFC 3339 time but with timezone name */
+#if 0
+ "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z", /* RFC 3339 time, same as first ISO8601 time */
+#endif
/* more oddball formats */
"%m.%d.%Y %T", /* mm.dd.YYYY HH:MM:SS */
"%m.%d.%Y %R", /* mm.dd.YYYY HH:MM */
"%d.%m.%Y %R", /* dd.mm.YYYY HH:MM */
"%d.%m.%Y %r", /* dd.mm.YYYY HH:MM:SS a.m. */
"%d.%m.%Y %I:%M %p", /* dd.mm.YYYY HH:MM p.m. */
+ /* Some fallbacks */
+ "%F", /* YYYY-mm-dd ISO8601 time */
+ "%T", /* HH:MM:SS */
+ "%H.%M.%S", /* HH.MM.SS */
0
};
static void
inittime (time_t *clock, struct tm *timeptr)
{
- timeptr = localtime (clock); /* for now */
+ struct tm *loctime;
+
+ /* Initialize to local time */
+ loctime = localtime (clock);
+
+ if (loctime == 0)
+ {
+ timeptr->tm_hour = timeptr->tm_min = timeptr->tm_sec = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ memcpy (timeptr, loctime, sizeof (struct tm));
/* but default to midnight */
timeptr->tm_hour = timeptr->tm_min = timeptr->tm_sec = 0;
char *s;
struct tm t, *tm;
time_t now, secs;
- char *datestr;
- int i;
+ char *datestr, *format;
+ int i, opt;
- if (no_options (list)) /* for now */
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ format = NULL;
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "f:")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ case 'f':
+ format = list_optarg;
+ break;
+ CASE_HELPOPT;
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
list = loptend;
+
if (list == 0)
{
builtin_usage ();
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ return (EX_USAGE);
}
datestr = string_list (list);
if (STREQ (datestr, date_time_modifiers[i].shorthand))
{
secs = now + date_time_modifiers[i].incr;
- break;
+ printf ("%ld\n", secs);
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
}
}
- if (secs == -1)
+ /* init struct tm */
+ inittime (&now, &t);
+ if (format)
+ {
+ s = strptime (datestr, format, &t);
+ if (s == 0 || s == datestr)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: unrecognized format", datestr);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+ else
{
- /* init struct tm */
- inittime (&now, tm);
- t = *tm;
for (i = 0; date_time_formats[i]; i++)
- {
+ {
s = strptime (datestr, date_time_formats[i], &t);
- if (s == 0)
+ if (s == 0 || s == datestr)
continue;
- /* skip extra characters at the end for now */
- secs = mktime (&t);
break;
}
+ if (date_time_formats[i] == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: unrecognized format", datestr);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ }
}
+ /* Found something. */
+ secs = mktime (&t);
+ if (s && *s)
+ builtin_warning("%s: not completely converted (%s)", datestr, s);
+
printf ("%ld\n", secs);
return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
}
char *strptime_doc[] = {
"Convert a date-time string to seconds since the epoch.",
"",
- "Take DATE-TIME, a date-time string, parse it against a set of common",
- "date-time formats. If the string matches one of the formats, convert",
- "it into seconds since the epoch and display the result.",
+ "Take DATE-TIME, a date-time string, and parse it using FORMAT, a",
+ "date and time format accepted by strptime(3). If FORMAT is not supplied,",
+ "attempt to parse DATE-TIME against a set of common date-time formats,",
+ "not all of which may be acceptable to strptime(3).",
+ "If the string matches one of the formats, convert it into seconds",
+ "since the epoch and display the result.",
(char *)NULL
};
strptime_builtin, /* function implementing the builtin */
BUILTIN_ENABLED, /* initial flags for builtin */
strptime_doc, /* array of long documentation strings. */
- "strptime date-time", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+ "strptime [-f format] date-time", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
0 /* reserved for internal use */
};
# Display error msg, making parameter substitutions as needed
msgParameters="$*"
- printf "$msgTemplate" "${msgParameters[@]}"
+ printf '%s ' "$msgTemplate" "${msgParameters[@]}"; printf '\n'
if ((returnDontExit)); then
return "$returnCode"
((isNegative2)) && ((integerPart2*=-1))
local sum=$((integerPart1 + integerPart2))
if (( (!isSubcall) && (isScientific1 || isScientific2) )); then
- _shellmath_numToScientific $sum ""
+ _shellmath_numToScientific $sum ""
_shellmath_getReturnValue sum
fi
_shellmath_setReturnValue $sum
# Summing the fractional parts is tricky: We need to override the shell's
# default interpretation of leading zeros, but the operator for doing this
# (the "10#" operator) cannot work directly with negative numbers. So we
- # break it all down.
- if ((isNegative1)); then
- ((fractionalSum += (-1) * 10#${fractionalPart1:1}))
- else
- ((fractionalSum += 10#$fractionalPart1))
- fi
- if ((isNegative2)); then
- ((fractionalSum += (-1) * 10#${fractionalPart2:1}))
- else
- ((fractionalSum += 10#$fractionalPart2))
- fi
+ # use parameter expansions to separate the \+/-\ signs from the numbers.
+
+ ((fractionalSum =
+ ${fractionalPart1//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart1//[^0-9]} +
+ ${fractionalPart2//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart2//[^0-9]}))
unsignedFracSumLength=${#fractionalSum}
if [[ "$fractionalSum" =~ ^[-] ]]; then
fi
# Carry a digit from fraction to integer if required
- if ((10#$fractionalSum!=0 && unsignedFracSumLength > unsignedFracLength)); then
+ if (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} !=0 )) &&
+ ((unsignedFracSumLength > unsignedFracLength))
+ then
local carryAmount
((carryAmount = isNegative1?-1:1))
((integerSum += carryAmount))
# pair (-2,3) is not -2.3 but rather (-2)+(0.3), i.e. -1.7 so we want to
# transform (-2,3) to (-1,7). This transformation is meaningful when
# the two parts have opposite signs, so that's what we look for.
- if ((integerSum < 0 && 10#$fractionalSum > 0)); then
+ if ((integerSum < 0)) &&
+ (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} > 0))
+ then
((integerSum += 1))
- ((fractionalSum = 10#$fractionalSum - 10**unsignedFracSumLength))
- elif ((integerSum > 0 && 10#$fractionalSum < 0)); then
+ ((fractionalSum = ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} -
+ 10**unsignedFracSumLength))
+ elif ((integerSum > 0)) &&
+ (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} < 0))
+ then
((integerSum -= 1))
- ((fractionalSum = 10**unsignedFracSumLength + 10#$fractionalSum))
+ ((fractionalSum = 10**unsignedFracSumLength +
+ ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} ))
fi
# This last case needs to function either as an "else" for the above,
# or as a coda to the "if" clause when integerSum is -1 initially.
- if ((integerSum == 0 && 10#$fractionalSum < 0)); then
+ if ((integerSum == 0)) &&
+ (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} < 0))
+ then
integerSum="-"$integerSum
((fractionalSum *= -1))
fi
# Touch up the numbers for display
local sum
- ((10#$fractionalSum < 0)) && fractionalSum=${fractionalSum:1}
+ (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]}< 0)) &&
+ fractionalSum=${fractionalSum//[-]}
if (( (!isSubcall) && (isScientific1 || isScientific2) )); then
_shellmath_numToScientific "$integerSum" "$fractionalSum"
_shellmath_getReturnValue sum
- elif ((10#$fractionalSum)); then
+ elif (( ${fractionalSum//[^-]}10#${fractionalSum//[^0-9]} )); then
printf -v sum "%s.%s" "$integerSum" "$fractionalSum"
else
sum=$integerSum
fi
# Note the result, print if running "normally", and return
- _shellmath_setReturnValue $sum
+ _shellmath_setReturnValue "$sum"
if (( isVerbose && ! isSubcall )); then
echo "$sum"
fi
fi
# Discard the least-significant digits or move them past the decimal point
- value1=${value1%${tail1}}
+ value1=${value1%"${tail1}"}
[[ -n "$subvalue1" ]] && subvalue1=${tail1}${subvalue1%0} # remove placeholder zero
- value2=${value2%${tail2}}
+ value2=${value2%"${tail2}"}
[[ -n "$subvalue2" ]] && subvalue2=${tail2}${subvalue2%0}
else
# Signal the caller that no rescaling was actually done
number=${number:0:digitCount}
if ((nextDigit >= 5)); then
- printf -v number "%0*d" "$digitCount" $((10#$number + 1))
+ printf -v number "%0*d" "$digitCount" $((${number//[^-]}10#${number//[^0-9]} + 1))
fi
_shellmath_setReturnValue "$number"
# Overflow / underflow detection and accommodation
local rescalingFactor=0
- if ((${#integerPart1} + ${#integerPart2} + ${#fractionalPart1} + ${#fractionalPart2} >= ${__shellmath_precision})); then
+ if ((${#integerPart1} + ${#integerPart2} + ${#fractionalPart1} + ${#fractionalPart2} >= __shellmath_precision)); then
_shellmath_reduceOuterPairs "$integerPart1" "$integerPart2" "$fractionalPart1" "$fractionalPart2"
_shellmath_getReturnValues integerPart1 integerPart2 fractionalPart1 fractionalPart2 rescalingFactor
- if ((10#$fractionalPart1)); then type1=${__shellmath_numericTypes[DECIMAL]}; fi
- if ((10#$fractionalPart2)); then type2=${__shellmath_numericTypes[DECIMAL]}; fi
+ if ((${fractionalPart1//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart1//[^0-9]})); then
+ type1=${__shellmath_numericTypes[DECIMAL]}
+ fi
+ if ((${fractionalPart2//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart2//[^0-9]})); then
+ type2=${__shellmath_numericTypes[DECIMAL]}
+ fi
_shellmath_reduceCrossPairs "$integerPart1" "$integerPart2" "$fractionalPart1" "$fractionalPart2"
_shellmath_getReturnValues fractionalPart1 fractionalPart2
_shellmath_getReturnValue product
fi
if (( (!isSubcall) && (isScientific1 || isScientific2) )); then
- _shellmath_numToScientific $product ""
+ _shellmath_numToScientific $product ""
_shellmath_getReturnValue product
fi
_shellmath_setReturnValue $product
fractionalWidth1=${#fractionalPart1}
fractionalWidth2=${#fractionalPart2}
((floatWidth = fractionalWidth1 + fractionalWidth2))
- ((floatProduct = 10#$fractionalPart1 * 10#$fractionalPart2))
+ ((floatProduct =
+ ${fractionalPart1//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart1//[^0-9]} *
+ ${fractionalPart2//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart2//[^0-9]}))
if ((${#floatProduct} < floatWidth)); then
printf -v floatProduct "%0*d" "$floatWidth" "$floatProduct"
fi
# Compute the inner products: First integer-multiply, then rescale
- ((innerProduct1 = integerPart1 * 10#$fractionalPart2))
- ((innerProduct2 = integerPart2 * 10#$fractionalPart1))
+ ((innerProduct1 = integerPart1 * ${fractionalPart2//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart2//[^0-9]}))
+ ((innerProduct2 = integerPart2 * ${fractionalPart1//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart1//[^0-9]}))
# Rescale the inner products back to decimals so we can shellmath_add() them
if ((fractionalWidth2 <= ${#innerProduct1})); then
fi
# Throw error on divide by zero
- if ((integerPart2 == 0 && 10#$fractionalPart2 == 0)); then
+ if ((integerPart2 == 0)) &&
+ (( ${fractionalPart2//[^-]}10#${fractionalPart2//[^0-9]} == 0 ))
+ then
_shellmath_warn "${__shellmath_returnCodes[DIVIDE_BY_ZERO]}" "$n2"
return $?
fi
# Rescale and rewrite the fraction to be computed, and compute it
numerator=${integerPart1}${fractionalPart1}${zeroTail}
denominator=${integerPart2}${fractionalPart2}
- ((quotient = 10#$numerator / 10#$denominator))
+ ((quotient = ${numerator//[^-]}10#${numerator//[^0-9]} /
+ ${denominator//[^-]}10#${denominator//[^0-9]}))
# For greater precision, re-divide by the remainder to get the next digits of the quotient
local remainder quotient_2
- ((remainder = 10#$numerator % 10#$denominator)) # cannot exceed numerator or thus, maxValue
+ ((remainder = ${numerator//[^-]}10#${numerator//[^0-9]} %
+ ${denominator//[^-]}10#${denominator//[^0-9]})) # cant exceed numerator or thus, maxValue
((zeroCount = __shellmath_precision - ${#remainder}))
if ((zeroCount > 0)); then
printf -v zeroTail "%0*d" "$zeroCount" 0
fi
# Derive the new numerator from the remainder. Do not change the denominator.
numerator=${remainder}${zeroTail}
- ((quotient_2 = 10#$numerator / 10#$denominator))
+ ((quotient_2 = ${numerator//[^-]}10#${numerator//[^0-9]} /
+ ${denominator//[^-]}10#${denominator//[^0-9]}))
quotient=${quotient}${quotient_2}
((rescaleFactor += ${#quotient_2}))
printf -v zeroPrefix "%0*d" "$((rescaleFactor - ${#quotient}))" 0
fi
fractionalPart=${zeroPrefix}${quotient}
- _shellmath_round "$fractionalPart" $__shellmath_precision
+ _shellmath_round "$fractionalPart" "$__shellmath_precision"
_shellmath_getReturnValue fractionalPart
quotient="0."${fractionalPart}
else
fractionalPart=${quotient:(-$rescaleFactor)}
- _shellmath_round "$fractionalPart" $__shellmath_precision
+ _shellmath_round "$fractionalPart" "$__shellmath_precision"
_shellmath_getReturnValue fractionalPart
quotient=${quotient:0:(-$rescaleFactor)}"."${fractionalPart}
fi
if [[ "$quotient" =~ [\.].*0$ ]]; then
# If the decimal point IMMEDIATELY precedes the 0s, remove that too
[[ $quotient =~ [\.]?0+$ ]]
- quotient=${quotient%${BASH_REMATCH[0]}}
+ quotient=${quotient%"${BASH_REMATCH[0]}"}
fi
fi
return "$__shellmath_SUCCESS"
}
-
/* execute_cmd.c -- Execute a COMMAND structure. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
{
+ /* Update BASH_COMMAND before running any traps,
+ including the exit trap, since we are going to exit
+ the shell. */
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && running_trap == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
run_pending_traps ();
jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
}
{
forcefork += rd->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN;
/* Safety */
- forcefork += (rd->redirector.dest == 0 || fd_is_bash_input (rd->redirector.dest)) && (INPUT_REDIRECT (rd->instruction) || TRANSLATE_REDIRECT (rd->instruction) || rd->instruction == r_close_this);
+ forcefork += (rd->redirector.dest == 0 || fd_is_bash_input (rd->redirector.dest));
}
if (forcefork || pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE || async)
REDIRECT *redirects, struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close,
int flags)
{
- int result;
+ int result, has_exec_redirects;
REDIRECT *saved_undo_list;
#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
int ofifo, nfifo, osize;
return (EX_REDIRFAIL); /* was EXECUTION_FAILURE */
}
+ /* Is this the exec builtin with redirections? We want to undo them and
+ throw away the exec_redirection_undo_list if exec has a program name
+ argument, fails to execute it, and does not exit the shell */
+ has_exec_redirects = (builtin == exec_builtin) && redirection_undo_list;
+
saved_undo_list = redirection_undo_list;
/* Calling the "exec" builtin changes redirections forever. */
if (builtin == exec_builtin)
{
- dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list);
+ /* let exec_builtin handle disposing redirection_undo_list */
saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list;
exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
}
else
- dispose_exec_redirects ();
+ {
+ dispose_exec_redirects ();
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
if (saved_undo_list)
{
add_unwind_protect (uw_cleanup_redirects, (char *)saved_undo_list);
}
- redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
-
if (builtin)
result = execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, 0);
else
if (ferror (stdout))
clearerr (stdout);
- /* If we are executing the `command' builtin, but this_shell_builtin is
- set to `exec_builtin', we know that we have something like
- `command exec [redirection]', since otherwise `exec' would have
- overwritten the shell and we wouldn't get here. In this case, we
- want to behave as if the `command' builtin had not been specified
- and preserve the redirections. */
- if (builtin == command_builtin && this_shell_builtin == exec_builtin)
+ if (has_exec_redirects && redirection_undo_list)
{
- int discard;
-
- discard = 0;
+ /* We have returned from the exec builtin. If redirection_undo_list is
+ still non-null, we had an operand and failed to exit the shell for
+ some reason. We want to dispose of saved_undo_list, discard the frame,
+ and let the redirections be undone as usual. If redirection_undo_list
+ is NULL, then exec_builtin had no program name operand and disposed
+ of it. In that case, we should perform the redirections in
+ exec_redirection_undo_list (saved_undo_list) like usual. */
+ if (saved_undo_list)
+ {
+ dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list); /* exec_redirection_undo_list */
+ discard_unwind_frame ("saved-redirects");
+ }
+ saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ /* This code is no longer executed and remains only for explanatory reasons. */
+ else if (builtin == command_builtin && this_shell_builtin == exec_builtin)
+ {
+ /* If we are executing the `command' builtin, but this_shell_builtin is
+ set to `exec_builtin', we know that we have something like
+ `command exec [redirection]', since otherwise `exec' would have
+ overwritten the shell and we wouldn't get here. In this case, we
+ want to behave as if the `command' builtin had not been specified
+ and preserve the redirections. */
if (saved_undo_list)
{
- dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list);
- discard = 1;
+ dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list); /* redirection_undo_list */
+ discard_unwind_frame ("saved-redirects");
}
redirection_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list;
saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
- if (discard)
- discard_unwind_frame ("saved-redirects");
}
if (saved_undo_list)
/* expr.c -- arithmetic expression evaluation. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1990-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1990-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#include "subst.h"
#include "typemax.h" /* INTMAX_MAX, INTMAX_MIN */
+#include "builtins/common.h" /* this_shell_builtin */
+#include "builtins/builtext.h" /* let_builtin */
+
/* Because of the $((...)) construct, expressions may include newlines.
Here is a macro which accepts newlines, tabs and spaces as whitespace. */
#define cr_whitespace(c) (whitespace(c) || ((c) == '\n'))
static intmax_t strlong (char *);
static void evalerror (const char *);
+#if defined (ARRAYS)
+static int expr_skipsubscript (char *, char *);
+#endif
+
static void pushexp (void);
static void popexp (void);
static void expr_unwind (void);
return; /* XXX */
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- aflags = (array_expand_once && already_expanded) ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0;
+ aflags = (array_expand_once && already_expanded) ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0; /* XXX */
+#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.4 https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bash/2024-12/msg00193.html */
+ if (this_shell_builtin == let_builtin && shell_compatibility_level > 51)
+ aflags |= ASS_NOEXPAND; /* we didn't quote subscripts */
+#endif
aflags |= ASS_ALLOWALLSUB; /* allow assoc[@]=value */
#else
aflags = 0;
static int
expr_skipsubscript (char *vp, char *cp)
{
- int flags, isassoc;
+ int flags, isassoc, noexp;
SHELL_VAR *entry;
- isassoc = 0;
+ isassoc = noexp = 0;
entry = 0;
- if (array_expand_once & already_expanded)
+ /* We're not doing any evaluation here, we should suppress expansion when
+ skipping over the subscript */
+ noexp = already_expanded && (shell_compatibility_level > 51 || array_expand_once);
+ if (noexp)
{
*cp = '\0';
isassoc = valid_identifier (vp) && (entry = find_variable (vp)) && assoc_p (entry);
*cp = '['; /* ] */
}
- flags = (isassoc && array_expand_once && already_expanded) ? VA_NOEXPAND : 0;
+ flags = (isassoc && noexp) ? VA_NOEXPAND : 0;
return (skipsubscript (cp, 0, flags));
}
val1 = exppower ();
- while ((curtok == MUL) ||
- (curtok == DIV) ||
- (curtok == MOD))
+ while ((curtok == MUL) || (curtok == DIV) || (curtok == MOD))
{
int op = curtok;
char *stp, *sltp;
/* Skip over closing paren. */
readtok ();
}
- else if ((curtok == NUM) || (curtok == STR))
+ else if (curtok == NUM)
+ {
+ val = tokval;
+ readtok ();
+ }
+ else if (curtok == STR)
{
val = tokval;
- if (curtok == STR)
+ SAVETOK (&ec);
+ tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
+ noeval = 1;
+ readtok ();
+ stok = curtok;
+
+ /* post-increment or post-decrement */
+ if (stok == POSTINC || stok == POSTDEC)
{
- SAVETOK (&ec);
- tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
- noeval = 1;
- readtok ();
- stok = curtok;
-
- /* post-increment or post-decrement */
- if (stok == POSTINC || stok == POSTDEC)
- {
- /* restore certain portions of EC */
- tokstr = ec.tokstr;
- noeval = ec.noeval;
- curlval = ec.lval;
- lasttok = STR; /* ec.curtok */
-
- v2 = val + ((stok == POSTINC) ? 1 : -1);
- vincdec = itos (v2);
- if (noeval == 0)
- {
+ /* restore certain portions of EC */
+ tokstr = ec.tokstr;
+ noeval = ec.noeval;
+ curlval = ec.lval;
+ lasttok = STR; /* ec.curtok */
+
+ v2 = val + ((stok == POSTINC) ? 1 : -1);
+ vincdec = itos (v2);
+ if (noeval == 0)
+ {
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (curlval.ind != -1)
- expr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
- else
+ if (curlval.ind != -1)
+ expr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
+ else
#endif
- expr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
- }
- free (vincdec);
- curtok = NUM; /* make sure x++=7 is flagged as an error */
- }
- else
- {
- /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
- if (stok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
- FREE (tokstr);
- RESTORETOK (&ec);
- }
+ expr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
+ }
+ free (vincdec);
+ curtok = NUM; /* make sure x++=7 is flagged as an error */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
+ if (stok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
+ FREE (tokstr);
+ RESTORETOK (&ec);
}
readtok ();
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
tflag = (array_expand_once && already_expanded) ? AV_NOEXPAND : 0; /* for a start */
+#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.4 https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bash/2024-12/msg00193.html */
+ if (this_shell_builtin == let_builtin && shell_compatibility_level > 51)
+ tflag |= AV_NOEXPAND; /* we didn't quote subscripts */
+#endif
#endif
/* [[[[[ */
/* externs.h -- extern function declarations which do not appear in their
own header file. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1993-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
extern ssize_t zgetline (int, char **, size_t *, int, int);
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/zmapfd.c */
-extern int zmapfd (int, char **, const char *);
+extern ssize_t zmapfd (int, char **, const char *);
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/zread.c */
extern ssize_t zread (int, char *, size_t);
typedef int sh_gcp_func_t (GENERIC_LIST *, char *);
typedef char *sh_string_func_t (char *); /* like savestring, et al. */
+typedef void *sh_copy_func_t (void *); /* generic copy function */
typedef int sh_msg_func_t (const char *, ...); /* printf(3)-like */
typedef void sh_vmsg_func_t (const char *, ...); /* printf(3)-like */
don't discard the upper 32 bits of the value, if present. */
#define HASH_BUCKET(s, t, h) (((h) = hash_string (s)) & ((t)->nbuckets - 1))
-static BUCKET_CONTENTS *copy_bucket_array (BUCKET_CONTENTS *, sh_string_func_t *);
+static BUCKET_CONTENTS *copy_bucket_array (BUCKET_CONTENTS *, sh_copy_func_t *);
static void hash_rehash (HASH_TABLE *, int);
static void hash_grow (HASH_TABLE *);
/* Copy a hash table bucket array. Call (*cpdata) to copy the data from
each element. */
static BUCKET_CONTENTS *
-copy_bucket_array (BUCKET_CONTENTS *ba, sh_string_func_t *cpdata)
+copy_bucket_array (BUCKET_CONTENTS *ba, sh_copy_func_t *cpdata)
{
BUCKET_CONTENTS *new_bucket, *n, *e;
/* Copy an entire hash table. (*cpdata) copies the data in each element. */
HASH_TABLE *
-hash_copy (HASH_TABLE *table, sh_string_func_t *cpdata)
+hash_copy (HASH_TABLE *table, sh_copy_func_t *cpdata)
{
HASH_TABLE *new_table;
int i;
/* Operations on tables as a whole */
extern HASH_TABLE *hash_create (int);
-extern HASH_TABLE *hash_copy (HASH_TABLE *, sh_string_func_t *);
+extern HASH_TABLE *hash_copy (HASH_TABLE *, sh_copy_func_t *);
extern void hash_flush (HASH_TABLE *, sh_free_func_t *);
extern void hash_dispose (HASH_TABLE *);
extern void hash_walk (HASH_TABLE *, hash_wfunc *);
/* Convenience header for conditional use of GNU <libintl.h>.
- Copyright (C) 1995-1998, 2000-2002, 2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1995-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne-Again SHell.
} while (0)
#endif
+#ifndef TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL
+# define TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL(tv, ts) \
+ do { \
+ (tv)->tv_sec = (ts)->tv_sec; \
+ (tv)->tv_usec = (tv)->tv_nsec / 1000; \
+ } while (0)
+#endif
+
#endif /* _POSIXTIME_H_ */
int
check_bash_input (int fd)
{
+ int nfd;
+
if (fd_is_bash_input (fd))
{
if (fd > 0)
- return ((save_bash_input (fd, -1) == -1) ? -1 : 0);
+ {
+ nfd = save_bash_input (fd, -1); /* allocates new fd */
+ return (nfd);
+ }
else if (fd == 0)
return ((sync_buffered_stream (fd) == -1) ? -1 : 0);
}
/* This file works with both POSIX and BSD systems. It implements job
control. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
if (child == 0)
{
+no_child:
if (flags & JWAIT_PERROR)
internal_error (_("wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"), (long)pid);
return (257);
do
{
r = wait_for (pid, 0);
+ if (r == -1 && errno == ECHILD)
+ goto no_child;
if ((flags & JWAIT_FORCE) == 0)
break;
+++ /dev/null
-/* <dir.h> -- definitions for 4.2BSD-compatible directory access.
- last edit: 09-Jul-1983 D A Gwyn. */
-
-#if defined (VMS)
-# if !defined (FAB$C_BID)
-# include <fab.h>
-# endif
-# if !defined (NAM$C_BID)
-# include <nam.h>
-# endif
-# if !defined (RMS$_SUC)
-# include <rmsdef.h>
-# endif
-# include "dir.h"
-#endif /* VMS */
-
-/* Size of directory block. */
-#define DIRBLKSIZ 512
-
-/* NOTE: MAXNAMLEN must be one less than a multiple of 4 */
-
-#if defined (VMS)
-# define MAXNAMLEN (DIR$S_NAME + 7) /* 80 plus room for version #. */
-# define MAXFULLSPEC NAM$C_MAXRSS /* Maximum full spec */
-#else
-# define MAXNAMLEN 15 /* Maximum filename length. */
-#endif /* VMS */
-
-/* Data from readdir (). */
-struct direct {
- long d_ino; /* Inode number of entry. */
- unsigned short d_reclen; /* Length of this record. */
- unsigned short d_namlen; /* Length of string in d_name. */
- char d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1]; /* Name of file. */
-};
-
-/* Stream data from opendir (). */
-typedef struct {
- int dd_fd; /* File descriptor. */
- int dd_loc; /* Offset in block. */
- int dd_size; /* Amount of valid data. */
- char dd_buf[DIRBLKSIZ]; /* Directory block. */
-} DIR;
-
-extern DIR *opendir ();
-extern struct direct *readdir ();
-extern long telldir ();
-extern void seekdir (), closedir ();
-
-#define rewinddir(dirp) seekdir (dirp, 0L)
+++ /dev/null
-2003-05-22 GNU <bug-gnu-gettext@gnu.org>
-
- * Version 0.12.1 released.
-
+++ /dev/null
-#! /bin/sh
-# Output a system dependent table of character encoding aliases.
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2000-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-#
-# The table consists of lines of the form
-# ALIAS CANONICAL
-#
-# ALIAS is the (system dependent) result of "nl_langinfo (CODESET)".
-# ALIAS is compared in a case sensitive way.
-#
-# CANONICAL is the GNU canonical name for this character encoding.
-# It must be an encoding supported by libiconv. Support by GNU libc is
-# also desirable. CANONICAL is case insensitive. Usually an upper case
-# MIME charset name is preferred.
-# The current list of GNU canonical charset names is as follows.
-#
-# name used by which systems a MIME name?
-# ASCII, ANSI_X3.4-1968 glibc solaris freebsd
-# ISO-8859-1 glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris freebsd yes
-# ISO-8859-2 glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris freebsd yes
-# ISO-8859-3 glibc solaris yes
-# ISO-8859-4 osf solaris freebsd yes
-# ISO-8859-5 glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris freebsd yes
-# ISO-8859-6 glibc aix hpux solaris yes
-# ISO-8859-7 glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris yes
-# ISO-8859-8 glibc aix hpux osf solaris yes
-# ISO-8859-9 glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris yes
-# ISO-8859-13 glibc
-# ISO-8859-14 glibc
-# ISO-8859-15 glibc aix osf solaris freebsd
-# KOI8-R glibc solaris freebsd yes
-# KOI8-U glibc freebsd yes
-# KOI8-T glibc
-# CP437 dos
-# CP775 dos
-# CP850 aix osf dos
-# CP852 dos
-# CP855 dos
-# CP856 aix
-# CP857 dos
-# CP861 dos
-# CP862 dos
-# CP864 dos
-# CP865 dos
-# CP866 freebsd dos
-# CP869 dos
-# CP874 woe32 dos
-# CP922 aix
-# CP932 aix woe32 dos
-# CP943 aix
-# CP949 osf woe32 dos
-# CP950 woe32 dos
-# CP1046 aix
-# CP1124 aix
-# CP1125 dos
-# CP1129 aix
-# CP1250 woe32
-# CP1251 glibc solaris woe32
-# CP1252 aix woe32
-# CP1253 woe32
-# CP1254 woe32
-# CP1255 glibc woe32
-# CP1256 woe32
-# CP1257 woe32
-# GB2312 glibc aix hpux irix solaris freebsd yes
-# EUC-JP glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris freebsd yes
-# EUC-KR glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris freebsd yes
-# EUC-TW glibc aix hpux irix osf solaris
-# BIG5 glibc aix hpux osf solaris freebsd yes
-# BIG5-HKSCS glibc solaris
-# GBK glibc aix osf solaris woe32 dos
-# GB18030 glibc solaris
-# SHIFT_JIS hpux osf solaris freebsd yes
-# JOHAB glibc solaris woe32
-# TIS-620 glibc aix hpux osf solaris
-# VISCII glibc yes
-# TCVN5712-1 glibc
-# GEORGIAN-PS glibc
-# HP-ROMAN8 hpux
-# HP-ARABIC8 hpux
-# HP-GREEK8 hpux
-# HP-HEBREW8 hpux
-# HP-TURKISH8 hpux
-# HP-KANA8 hpux
-# DEC-KANJI osf
-# DEC-HANYU osf
-# UTF-8 glibc aix hpux osf solaris yes
-#
-# Note: Names which are not marked as being a MIME name should not be used in
-# Internet protocols for information interchange (mail, news, etc.).
-#
-# Note: ASCII and ANSI_X3.4-1968 are synonymous canonical names. Applications
-# must understand both names and treat them as equivalent.
-#
-# The first argument passed to this file is the canonical host specification,
-# CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-OPERATING_SYSTEM
-# or
-# CPU_TYPE-MANUFACTURER-KERNEL-OPERATING_SYSTEM
-
-host="$1"
-os=`echo "$host" | sed -e 's/^[^-]*-[^-]*-\(.*\)$/\1/'`
-echo "# This file contains a table of character encoding aliases,"
-echo "# suitable for operating system '${os}'."
-echo "# It was automatically generated from config.charset."
-# List of references, updated during installation:
-echo "# Packages using this file: "
-case "$os" in
- linux* | *-gnu*)
- # With glibc-2.1 or newer, we don't need any canonicalization,
- # because glibc has iconv and both glibc and libiconv support all
- # GNU canonical names directly. Therefore, the Makefile does not
- # need to install the alias file at all.
- # The following applies only to glibc-2.0.x and older libcs.
- echo "ISO_646.IRV:1983 ASCII"
- ;;
- aix*)
- echo "ISO8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "ISO8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "ISO8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "ISO8859-6 ISO-8859-6"
- echo "ISO8859-7 ISO-8859-7"
- echo "ISO8859-8 ISO-8859-8"
- echo "ISO8859-9 ISO-8859-9"
- echo "ISO8859-15 ISO-8859-15"
- echo "IBM-850 CP850"
- echo "IBM-856 CP856"
- echo "IBM-921 ISO-8859-13"
- echo "IBM-922 CP922"
- echo "IBM-932 CP932"
- echo "IBM-943 CP943"
- echo "IBM-1046 CP1046"
- echo "IBM-1124 CP1124"
- echo "IBM-1129 CP1129"
- echo "IBM-1252 CP1252"
- echo "IBM-eucCN GB2312"
- echo "IBM-eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "IBM-eucKR EUC-KR"
- echo "IBM-eucTW EUC-TW"
- echo "big5 BIG5"
- echo "GBK GBK"
- echo "TIS-620 TIS-620"
- echo "UTF-8 UTF-8"
- ;;
- hpux*)
- echo "iso88591 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "iso88592 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "iso88595 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "iso88596 ISO-8859-6"
- echo "iso88597 ISO-8859-7"
- echo "iso88598 ISO-8859-8"
- echo "iso88599 ISO-8859-9"
- echo "iso885915 ISO-8859-15"
- echo "roman8 HP-ROMAN8"
- echo "arabic8 HP-ARABIC8"
- echo "greek8 HP-GREEK8"
- echo "hebrew8 HP-HEBREW8"
- echo "turkish8 HP-TURKISH8"
- echo "kana8 HP-KANA8"
- echo "tis620 TIS-620"
- echo "big5 BIG5"
- echo "eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "eucKR EUC-KR"
- echo "eucTW EUC-TW"
- echo "hp15CN GB2312"
- #echo "ccdc ?" # what is this?
- echo "SJIS SHIFT_JIS"
- echo "utf8 UTF-8"
- ;;
- irix*)
- echo "ISO8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "ISO8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "ISO8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "ISO8859-7 ISO-8859-7"
- echo "ISO8859-9 ISO-8859-9"
- echo "eucCN GB2312"
- echo "eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "eucKR EUC-KR"
- echo "eucTW EUC-TW"
- ;;
- osf*)
- echo "ISO8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "ISO8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "ISO8859-4 ISO-8859-4"
- echo "ISO8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "ISO8859-7 ISO-8859-7"
- echo "ISO8859-8 ISO-8859-8"
- echo "ISO8859-9 ISO-8859-9"
- echo "ISO8859-15 ISO-8859-15"
- echo "cp850 CP850"
- echo "big5 BIG5"
- echo "dechanyu DEC-HANYU"
- echo "dechanzi GB2312"
- echo "deckanji DEC-KANJI"
- echo "deckorean EUC-KR"
- echo "eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "eucKR EUC-KR"
- echo "eucTW EUC-TW"
- echo "GBK GBK"
- echo "KSC5601 CP949"
- echo "sdeckanji EUC-JP"
- echo "SJIS SHIFT_JIS"
- echo "TACTIS TIS-620"
- echo "UTF-8 UTF-8"
- ;;
- solaris*)
- echo "646 ASCII"
- echo "ISO8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "ISO8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "ISO8859-3 ISO-8859-3"
- echo "ISO8859-4 ISO-8859-4"
- echo "ISO8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "ISO8859-6 ISO-8859-6"
- echo "ISO8859-7 ISO-8859-7"
- echo "ISO8859-8 ISO-8859-8"
- echo "ISO8859-9 ISO-8859-9"
- echo "ISO8859-15 ISO-8859-15"
- echo "koi8-r KOI8-R"
- echo "ansi-1251 CP1251"
- echo "BIG5 BIG5"
- echo "Big5-HKSCS BIG5-HKSCS"
- echo "gb2312 GB2312"
- echo "GBK GBK"
- echo "GB18030 GB18030"
- echo "cns11643 EUC-TW"
- echo "5601 EUC-KR"
- echo "ko_KR.johap92 JOHAB"
- echo "eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "PCK SHIFT_JIS"
- echo "TIS620.2533 TIS-620"
- #echo "sun_eu_greek ?" # what is this?
- echo "UTF-8 UTF-8"
- ;;
- freebsd* | os2*)
- # FreeBSD 4.2 doesn't have nl_langinfo(CODESET); therefore
- # localcharset.c falls back to using the full locale name
- # from the environment variables.
- # Likewise for OS/2. OS/2 has XFree86 just like FreeBSD. Just
- # reuse FreeBSD's locale data for OS/2.
- echo "C ASCII"
- echo "US-ASCII ASCII"
- for l in la_LN lt_LN; do
- echo "$l.ASCII ASCII"
- done
- for l in da_DK de_AT de_CH de_DE en_AU en_CA en_GB en_US es_ES \
- fi_FI fr_BE fr_CA fr_CH fr_FR is_IS it_CH it_IT la_LN \
- lt_LN nl_BE nl_NL no_NO pt_PT sv_SE; do
- echo "$l.ISO_8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "$l.DIS_8859-15 ISO-8859-15"
- done
- for l in cs_CZ hr_HR hu_HU la_LN lt_LN pl_PL sl_SI; do
- echo "$l.ISO_8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- done
- for l in la_LN lt_LT; do
- echo "$l.ISO_8859-4 ISO-8859-4"
- done
- for l in ru_RU ru_SU; do
- echo "$l.KOI8-R KOI8-R"
- echo "$l.ISO_8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "$l.CP866 CP866"
- done
- echo "uk_UA.KOI8-U KOI8-U"
- echo "zh_TW.BIG5 BIG5"
- echo "zh_TW.Big5 BIG5"
- echo "zh_CN.EUC GB2312"
- echo "ja_JP.EUC EUC-JP"
- echo "ja_JP.SJIS SHIFT_JIS"
- echo "ja_JP.Shift_JIS SHIFT_JIS"
- echo "ko_KR.EUC EUC-KR"
- ;;
- netbsd*)
- echo "646 ASCII"
- echo "ISO8859-1 ISO-8859-1"
- echo "ISO8859-2 ISO-8859-2"
- echo "ISO8859-4 ISO-8859-4"
- echo "ISO8859-5 ISO-8859-5"
- echo "ISO8859-15 ISO-8859-15"
- echo "eucCN GB2312"
- echo "eucJP EUC-JP"
- echo "eucKR EUC-KR"
- echo "eucTW EUC-TW"
- echo "BIG5 BIG5"
- echo "SJIS SHIFT_JIS"
- ;;
- beos*)
- # BeOS has a single locale, and it has UTF-8 encoding.
- echo "* UTF-8"
- ;;
- msdosdjgpp*)
- # DJGPP 2.03 doesn't have nl_langinfo(CODESET); therefore
- # localcharset.c falls back to using the full locale name
- # from the environment variables.
- echo "#"
- echo "# The encodings given here may not all be correct."
- echo "# If you find that the encoding given for your language and"
- echo "# country is not the one your DOS machine actually uses, just"
- echo "# correct it in this file, and send a mail to"
- echo "# Juan Manuel Guerrero <st001906@hrz1.hrz.tu-darmstadt.de>"
- echo "# and Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>."
- echo "#"
- echo "C ASCII"
- # ISO-8859-1 languages
- echo "ca CP850"
- echo "ca_ES CP850"
- echo "da CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "da_DK CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "de CP850"
- echo "de_AT CP850"
- echo "de_CH CP850"
- echo "de_DE CP850"
- echo "en CP850"
- echo "en_AU CP850" # not CP437 ??
- echo "en_CA CP850"
- echo "en_GB CP850"
- echo "en_NZ CP437"
- echo "en_US CP437"
- echo "en_ZA CP850" # not CP437 ??
- echo "es CP850"
- echo "es_AR CP850"
- echo "es_BO CP850"
- echo "es_CL CP850"
- echo "es_CO CP850"
- echo "es_CR CP850"
- echo "es_CU CP850"
- echo "es_DO CP850"
- echo "es_EC CP850"
- echo "es_ES CP850"
- echo "es_GT CP850"
- echo "es_HN CP850"
- echo "es_MX CP850"
- echo "es_NI CP850"
- echo "es_PA CP850"
- echo "es_PY CP850"
- echo "es_PE CP850"
- echo "es_SV CP850"
- echo "es_UY CP850"
- echo "es_VE CP850"
- echo "et CP850"
- echo "et_EE CP850"
- echo "eu CP850"
- echo "eu_ES CP850"
- echo "fi CP850"
- echo "fi_FI CP850"
- echo "fr CP850"
- echo "fr_BE CP850"
- echo "fr_CA CP850"
- echo "fr_CH CP850"
- echo "fr_FR CP850"
- echo "ga CP850"
- echo "ga_IE CP850"
- echo "gd CP850"
- echo "gd_GB CP850"
- echo "gl CP850"
- echo "gl_ES CP850"
- echo "id CP850" # not CP437 ??
- echo "id_ID CP850" # not CP437 ??
- echo "is CP861" # not CP850 ??
- echo "is_IS CP861" # not CP850 ??
- echo "it CP850"
- echo "it_CH CP850"
- echo "it_IT CP850"
- echo "lt CP775"
- echo "lt_LT CP775"
- echo "lv CP775"
- echo "lv_LV CP775"
- echo "nb CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "nb_NO CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "nl CP850"
- echo "nl_BE CP850"
- echo "nl_NL CP850"
- echo "nn CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "nn_NO CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "no CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "no_NO CP865" # not CP850 ??
- echo "pt CP850"
- echo "pt_BR CP850"
- echo "pt_PT CP850"
- echo "sv CP850"
- echo "sv_SE CP850"
- # ISO-8859-2 languages
- echo "cs CP852"
- echo "cs_CZ CP852"
- echo "hr CP852"
- echo "hr_HR CP852"
- echo "hu CP852"
- echo "hu_HU CP852"
- echo "pl CP852"
- echo "pl_PL CP852"
- echo "ro CP852"
- echo "ro_RO CP852"
- echo "sk CP852"
- echo "sk_SK CP852"
- echo "sl CP852"
- echo "sl_SI CP852"
- echo "sq CP852"
- echo "sq_AL CP852"
- echo "sr CP852" # CP852 or CP866 or CP855 ??
- echo "sr_YU CP852" # CP852 or CP866 or CP855 ??
- # ISO-8859-3 languages
- echo "mt CP850"
- echo "mt_MT CP850"
- # ISO-8859-5 languages
- echo "be CP866"
- echo "be_BE CP866"
- echo "bg CP866" # not CP855 ??
- echo "bg_BG CP866" # not CP855 ??
- echo "mk CP866" # not CP855 ??
- echo "mk_MK CP866" # not CP855 ??
- echo "ru CP866"
- echo "ru_RU CP866"
- echo "uk CP1125"
- echo "uk_UA CP1125"
- # ISO-8859-6 languages
- echo "ar CP864"
- echo "ar_AE CP864"
- echo "ar_DZ CP864"
- echo "ar_EG CP864"
- echo "ar_IQ CP864"
- echo "ar_IR CP864"
- echo "ar_JO CP864"
- echo "ar_KW CP864"
- echo "ar_MA CP864"
- echo "ar_OM CP864"
- echo "ar_QA CP864"
- echo "ar_SA CP864"
- echo "ar_SY CP864"
- # ISO-8859-7 languages
- echo "el CP869"
- echo "el_GR CP869"
- # ISO-8859-8 languages
- echo "he CP862"
- echo "he_IL CP862"
- # ISO-8859-9 languages
- echo "tr CP857"
- echo "tr_TR CP857"
- # Japanese
- echo "ja CP932"
- echo "ja_JP CP932"
- # Chinese
- echo "zh_CN GBK"
- echo "zh_TW CP950" # not CP938 ??
- # Korean
- echo "kr CP949" # not CP934 ??
- echo "kr_KR CP949" # not CP934 ??
- # Thai
- echo "th CP874"
- echo "th_TH CP874"
- # Other
- echo "eo CP850"
- echo "eo_EO CP850"
- ;;
-esac
+++ /dev/null
-/* libgnuintl.h - Message catalogs for internationalization. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1995-1997, 2000-2003, 2004-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _LIBINTL_H
-#define _LIBINTL_H 1
-
-#include <locale.h>
-
-/* The LC_MESSAGES locale category is the category used by the functions
- gettext() and dgettext(). It is specified in POSIX, but not in ANSI C.
- On systems that don't define it, use an arbitrary value instead.
- On Solaris, <locale.h> defines __LOCALE_H (or _LOCALE_H in Solaris 2.5)
- then includes <libintl.h> (i.e. this file!) and then only defines
- LC_MESSAGES. To avoid a redefinition warning, don't define LC_MESSAGES
- in this case. */
-#if !defined LC_MESSAGES && !(defined __LOCALE_H || (defined _LOCALE_H && defined __sun))
-# define LC_MESSAGES 1729
-#endif
-
-/* We define an additional symbol to signal that we use the GNU
- implementation of gettext. */
-#define __USE_GNU_GETTEXT 1
-
-/* Provide information about the supported file formats. Returns the
- maximum minor revision number supported for a given major revision. */
-#define __GNU_GETTEXT_SUPPORTED_REVISION(major) \
- ((major) == 0 ? 1 : -1)
-
-/* Resolve a platform specific conflict on DJGPP. GNU gettext takes
- precedence over _conio_gettext. */
-#ifdef __DJGPP__
-# undef gettext
-#endif
-
-/* Use _INTL_PARAMS, not PARAMS, in order to avoid clashes with identifiers
- used by programs. Similarly, test __PROTOTYPES, not PROTOTYPES. */
-#ifndef _INTL_PARAMS
-# if __STDC__ || defined __GNUC__ || defined __SUNPRO_C || defined __cplusplus || __PROTOTYPES
-# define _INTL_PARAMS(args) args
-# else
-# define _INTL_PARAMS(args) ()
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-
-/* We redirect the functions to those prefixed with "libintl_". This is
- necessary, because some systems define gettext/textdomain/... in the C
- library (namely, Solaris 2.4 and newer, and GNU libc 2.0 and newer).
- If we used the unprefixed names, there would be cases where the
- definition in the C library would override the one in the libintl.so
- shared library. Recall that on ELF systems, the symbols are looked
- up in the following order:
- 1. in the executable,
- 2. in the shared libraries specified on the link command line, in order,
- 3. in the dependencies of the shared libraries specified on the link
- command line,
- 4. in the dlopen()ed shared libraries, in the order in which they were
- dlopen()ed.
- The definition in the C library would override the one in libintl.so if
- either
- * -lc is given on the link command line and -lintl isn't, or
- * -lc is given on the link command line before -lintl, or
- * libintl.so is a dependency of a dlopen()ed shared library but not
- linked to the executable at link time.
- Since Solaris gettext() behaves differently than GNU gettext(), this
- would be unacceptable.
-
- The redirection happens by default through macros in C, so that &gettext
- is independent of the compilation unit, but through inline functions in
- C++, in order not to interfere with the name mangling of class fields or
- class methods called 'gettext'. */
-
-/* The user can define _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE or _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS.
- If he doesn't, we choose the method. A third possible method is
- _INTL_REDIRECT_ASM, supported only by GCC. */
-#if !(defined _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE || defined _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS)
-# if __GNUC__ >= 2 && !defined __APPLE_CC__ && (defined __STDC__ || defined __cplusplus)
-# define _INTL_REDIRECT_ASM
-# else
-# ifdef __cplusplus
-# define _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-# else
-# define _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# endif
-# endif
-#endif
-/* Auxiliary macros. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_ASM
-# define _INTL_ASM(cname) __asm__ (_INTL_ASMNAME (__USER_LABEL_PREFIX__, #cname))
-# define _INTL_ASMNAME(prefix,cnamestring) _INTL_STRINGIFY (prefix) cnamestring
-# define _INTL_STRINGIFY(prefix) #prefix
-#else
-# define _INTL_ASM(cname)
-#endif
-
-/* Look up MSGID in the current default message catalog for the current
- LC_MESSAGES locale. If not found, returns MSGID itself (the default
- text). */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_gettext (const char *__msgid);
-static inline char *gettext (const char *__msgid)
-{
- return libintl_gettext (__msgid);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define gettext libintl_gettext
-#endif
-extern char *gettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__msgid))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_gettext);
-#endif
-
-/* Look up MSGID in the DOMAINNAME message catalog for the current
- LC_MESSAGES locale. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_dgettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid);
-static inline char *dgettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid)
-{
- return libintl_dgettext (__domainname, __msgid);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define dgettext libintl_dgettext
-#endif
-extern char *dgettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_dgettext);
-#endif
-
-/* Look up MSGID in the DOMAINNAME message catalog for the current CATEGORY
- locale. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_dcgettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid,
- int __category);
-static inline char *dcgettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid,
- int __category)
-{
- return libintl_dcgettext (__domainname, __msgid, __category);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define dcgettext libintl_dcgettext
-#endif
-extern char *dcgettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid,
- int __category))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_dcgettext);
-#endif
-
-
-/* Similar to `gettext' but select the plural form corresponding to the
- number N. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_ngettext (const char *__msgid1, const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n);
-static inline char *ngettext (const char *__msgid1, const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n)
-{
- return libintl_ngettext (__msgid1, __msgid2, __n);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define ngettext libintl_ngettext
-#endif
-extern char *ngettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__msgid1,
- const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_ngettext);
-#endif
-
-/* Similar to `dgettext' but select the plural form corresponding to the
- number N. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_dngettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid1,
- const char *__msgid2, unsigned long int __n);
-static inline char *dngettext (const char *__domainname, const char *__msgid1,
- const char *__msgid2, unsigned long int __n)
-{
- return libintl_dngettext (__domainname, __msgid1, __msgid2, __n);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define dngettext libintl_dngettext
-#endif
-extern char *dngettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid1,
- const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_dngettext);
-#endif
-
-/* Similar to `dcgettext' but select the plural form corresponding to the
- number N. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_dcngettext (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid1, const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n, int __category);
-static inline char *dcngettext (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid1, const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n, int __category)
-{
- return libintl_dcngettext (__domainname, __msgid1, __msgid2, __n, __category);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define dcngettext libintl_dcngettext
-#endif
-extern char *dcngettext _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__msgid1,
- const char *__msgid2,
- unsigned long int __n,
- int __category))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_dcngettext);
-#endif
-
-
-/* Set the current default message catalog to DOMAINNAME.
- If DOMAINNAME is null, return the current default.
- If DOMAINNAME is "", reset to the default of "messages". */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_textdomain (const char *__domainname);
-static inline char *textdomain (const char *__domainname)
-{
- return libintl_textdomain (__domainname);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define textdomain libintl_textdomain
-#endif
-extern char *textdomain _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_textdomain);
-#endif
-
-/* Specify that the DOMAINNAME message catalog will be found
- in DIRNAME rather than in the system locale data base. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_bindtextdomain (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__dirname);
-static inline char *bindtextdomain (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__dirname)
-{
- return libintl_bindtextdomain (__domainname, __dirname);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define bindtextdomain libintl_bindtextdomain
-#endif
-extern char *bindtextdomain _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__dirname))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_bindtextdomain);
-#endif
-
-/* Specify the character encoding in which the messages from the
- DOMAINNAME message catalog will be returned. */
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_INLINE
-extern char *libintl_bind_textdomain_codeset (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__codeset);
-static inline char *bind_textdomain_codeset (const char *__domainname,
- const char *__codeset)
-{
- return libintl_bind_textdomain_codeset (__domainname, __codeset);
-}
-#else
-#ifdef _INTL_REDIRECT_MACROS
-# define bind_textdomain_codeset libintl_bind_textdomain_codeset
-#endif
-extern char *bind_textdomain_codeset _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *__domainname,
- const char *__codeset))
- _INTL_ASM (libintl_bind_textdomain_codeset);
-#endif
-
-
-/* Support for relocatable packages. */
-
-/* Sets the original and the current installation prefix of the package.
- Relocation simply replaces a pathname starting with the original prefix
- by the corresponding pathname with the current prefix instead. Both
- prefixes should be directory names without trailing slash (i.e. use ""
- instead of "/"). */
-#define libintl_set_relocation_prefix libintl_set_relocation_prefix
-extern void
- libintl_set_relocation_prefix _INTL_PARAMS ((const char *orig_prefix,
- const char *curr_prefix));
-
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* libintl.h */
+++ /dev/null
-# locale.alias - Locale name alias data base.
-#
-# Copyright (C) 1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2005-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-#
-
-# The format of this file is the same as for the corresponding file of
-# the X Window System, which normally can be found in
-# /usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias
-# A single line contains two fields: an alias and a substitution value.
-# All entries are case independent.
-
-# Note: This file is far from being complete. If you have a value for
-# your own site which you think might be useful for others too, share
-# it with the rest of us. Send it using the `glibcbug' script to
-# bugs@gnu.org.
-
-# Packages using this file:
-
-bokmal no_NO.ISO-8859-1
-bokmål no_NO.ISO-8859-1
-catalan ca_ES.ISO-8859-1
-croatian hr_HR.ISO-8859-2
-czech cs_CZ.ISO-8859-2
-danish da_DK.ISO-8859-1
-dansk da_DK.ISO-8859-1
-deutsch de_DE.ISO-8859-1
-dutch nl_NL.ISO-8859-1
-eesti et_EE.ISO-8859-1
-estonian et_EE.ISO-8859-1
-finnish fi_FI.ISO-8859-1
-français fr_FR.ISO-8859-1
-french fr_FR.ISO-8859-1
-galego gl_ES.ISO-8859-1
-galician gl_ES.ISO-8859-1
-german de_DE.ISO-8859-1
-greek el_GR.ISO-8859-7
-hebrew he_IL.ISO-8859-8
-hrvatski hr_HR.ISO-8859-2
-hungarian hu_HU.ISO-8859-2
-icelandic is_IS.ISO-8859-1
-italian it_IT.ISO-8859-1
-japanese ja_JP.eucJP
-japanese.euc ja_JP.eucJP
-ja_JP ja_JP.eucJP
-ja_JP.ujis ja_JP.eucJP
-japanese.sjis ja_JP.SJIS
-korean ko_KR.eucKR
-korean.euc ko_KR.eucKR
-ko_KR ko_KR.eucKR
-lithuanian lt_LT.ISO-8859-13
-nb_NO no_NO.ISO-8859-1
-nb_NO.ISO-8859-1 no_NO.ISO-8859-1
-norwegian no_NO.ISO-8859-1
-nynorsk nn_NO.ISO-8859-1
-polish pl_PL.ISO-8859-2
-portuguese pt_PT.ISO-8859-1
-romanian ro_RO.ISO-8859-2
-russian ru_RU.ISO-8859-5
-slovak sk_SK.ISO-8859-2
-slovene sl_SI.ISO-8859-2
-slovenian sl_SI.ISO-8859-2
-spanish es_ES.ISO-8859-1
-swedish sv_SE.ISO-8859-1
-thai th_TH.TIS-620
-turkish tr_TR.ISO-8859-9
/* malloc.c - dynamic memory allocation for bash. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1985-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1985-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne-Again SHell.
/* table.h - definitions for tables for keeping track of allocated memory */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne-Again SHell.
/* complete.c -- filename completion for readline. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
fprintf (rl_outstream, "%s\n", text);
fprintf (rl_outstream, "%d:%d\n", start, end); /* : because it's not a radix character */
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
- fprintf (rl_outstream, "%s\n", matches[i]);
+ {
+ print_filename (matches[i], matches[i], 0);
+ fprintf (rl_outstream, "\n");
+ }
fflush (rl_outstream);
}
/* display.c -- readline redisplay facility. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
but the buffer position needs to be adjusted to account
for invisible characters. */
if ((mb_cur_max == 1 || rl_byte_oriented) && cursor_linenum == prompt_last_screen_line)
- _rl_last_c_pos = physpos + WRAP_OFFSET (cursor_linenum, wrap_offset);;
+ _rl_last_c_pos = physpos + WRAP_OFFSET (cursor_linenum, wrap_offset);
}
/* Now we move the cursor to where it needs to be. First, make
invisible character in the prompt string. */
/* XXX - why not use local_prompt_len? */
nleft = prompt_visible_length + wrap_offset;
- if (cursor_linenum == prompt_last_screen_line && wrap_offset > 0 &&
- _rl_last_c_pos > 0 && local_prompt &&
- _rl_last_c_pos < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX)
+ if (cursor_linenum == prompt_last_screen_line)
{
- int pmt_offset;
-
- _rl_cr ();
- if (modmark)
- _rl_output_some_chars ("*", 1);
-
- /* If the number of characters in local_prompt is greater than
- the screen width, the prompt wraps. We only want to print the
- portion after the line wrap. */
- pmt_offset = local_prompt_newlines[cursor_linenum];
- if (cursor_linenum > 0 && pmt_offset > 0 && nleft > pmt_offset)
- _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt + pmt_offset, nleft - pmt_offset);
- else
- _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt, nleft);
- if (mb_cur_max > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
- _rl_last_c_pos = _rl_col_width (local_prompt, 0, nleft, 1) - wrap_offset + modmark;
+ int pmt_offset = local_prompt_newlines ? local_prompt_newlines[cursor_linenum] : 0;
+ int curline_invchars = local_prompt_invis_chars ? local_prompt_invis_chars[cursor_linenum] : wrap_offset;
+ int cursor_bufpos;
+
+ /* cursor_bufpos is where the portion of the prompt that appears
+ on the current screen line begins in the buffer. It is a
+ buffer position, an index into curline
+ (local_prompt + pmt_offset) */
+ cursor_bufpos = pmt_offset;
+ if (mb_cur_max == 1 || rl_byte_oriented)
+ cursor_bufpos += _rl_last_c_pos;
else
- _rl_last_c_pos = nleft + modmark; /* buffer position */
+ cursor_bufpos += _rl_last_c_pos + curline_invchars;
+
+ if (local_prompt && local_prompt_invis_chars[cursor_linenum] &&
+ _rl_last_c_pos > 0 &&
+ cursor_bufpos <= prompt_last_invisible)
+ {
+ _rl_cr ();
+ if (modmark)
+ _rl_output_some_chars ("*", 1);
+
+ /* If the number of characters in local_prompt is greater
+ than the screen width, the prompt wraps. We only want to
+ print the portion after the line wrap. */
+
+ /* Make sure we set _rl_last_c_pos based on the number of
+ characters we actually output, since we start at column 0. */
+ if (cursor_linenum > 0 && pmt_offset > 0 && nleft > pmt_offset)
+ _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt + pmt_offset, nleft - pmt_offset);
+ else
+ {
+ _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt, nleft);
+ pmt_offset = 0; /* force for calculation below */
+ }
+
+ if (mb_cur_max > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ /* Start width calculation where we started output. */
+ _rl_last_c_pos = _rl_col_width (local_prompt, pmt_offset, nleft, 1) - WRAP_OFFSET(cursor_linenum, wrap_offset) + modmark;
+ else
+ /* Index into invisible_line+inv_lbreaks[cursor_linenum],
+ since that's what we use in the call to
+ _rl_move_cursor_relative below. */
+ _rl_last_c_pos = nleft + modmark - inv_lbreaks[cursor_linenum]; /* buffer position */
+ }
}
/* Where on that line? And where does that line start
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
+c\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@setfilename history.info
@settitle GNU History Library
a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for
recalling lines of previously typed input.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@ignore
This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library.
-Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
* Introduction to History:: What is the GNU History library for?
* History Storage:: How information is stored.
* History Functions:: Functions that you can use.
-* History Variables:: Variables that control behaviour.
+* History Variables:: Variables that control behavior.
* History Programming Example:: Example of using the GNU History Library.
@end menu
@ignore
This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library.
-Copyright (C) 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
@samp{*}, @samp{-}, or @samp{%}.
Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).
+That first word is usually the command word, and the arguments begin
+with the second word.
Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
@need 0.75
When you type this, the preceding command is repeated in toto.
@item !!:$
-designates the last argument of the preceding command.
+designates the last word of the preceding command.
This may be shortened to @code{!$}.
@item !fi:2
consistency of user interface across discrete programs which provide
a command line interface.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need
to provide a command line interface.
-Copyright (C) 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
Many programs provide a command line interface, such as @code{mail},
@code{ftp}, and @code{sh}.
-For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline is sufficient.
+For such programs, the default behavior of Readline is sufficient.
This section describes how to use Readline in
the simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to
@code{fgets()}.
@}
@end example
-This function gives the user the default behaviour of @key{TAB}
+This function gives the user the default behavior of @key{TAB}
completion: filename completion.
If you do not want Readline to
complete filenames, you can change the binding of the @key{TAB} key
@deftypefun void rl_free_keymap (Keymap keymap)
Free all storage associated with @var{keymap}.
-This calls @code{rl_discard_keymap} to free subordindate
+This calls @code{rl_discard_keymap} to free subordinate
keymaps and macros.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun void rl_restore_prompt (void)
Restore the local Readline prompt display state saved by the most
recent call to @code{rl_save_prompt}.
-if you called @code{rl_save_prompt} to save the prompt before a call
+If you called @code{rl_save_prompt} to save the prompt before a call
to @code{rl_message}, you should call this function before the
corresponding call to @code{rl_clear_message}.
@end deftypefun
which contains both end-user and programmer documentation for the
GNU Readline Library.
-Copyright (C) 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
@item active-region-end-color
@vindex active-region-end-color
-A string variable that "undoes" the effects of @code{active-region-start-color}
-and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text
-in the active region.
+A string variable that ``undoes''
+the effects of @code{active-region-start-color}
+and restores ``normal''
+terminal display appearance after displaying text in the active region.
This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display,
so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
@ifset BashFeatures
-By default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries to
+By default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
the value of the @code{HISTSIZE} shell variable.
@end ifset
@ifclear BashFeatures
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
be used to indicate a macro definition.
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
-Tthe backslash escapes described above are expanded
+The backslash escapes described above are expanded
in the macro body.
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
including @samp{"} and @samp{'}.
@example
@page
-# This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
+# This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
position, and @dfn{mark} refers to a cursor position saved by the
@code{set-mark} command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the @dfn{region}.
-Readline has the concept of an @emph{active region}:
+Readline
+has the concept of an @emph{active region}:
when the region is active,
Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
-value of the @code{active-region-start-color} variable.
+value of the
+@code{active-region-start-color}
+variable.
The @code{enable-active-region} variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
+If given a numeric argument, this refreshes the current line
+without clearing the screen.
@item redraw-current-line ()
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
the word being completed;
@item
@var{S}:@var{E},
-where S and E are the start and end offsets of the word
+where @var{S} and @var{E} are the start and end offsets of the word
in the Readline line buffer; then
@item
each match, one per line
This performs alias and history expansion,
$'@var{string}' and $"@var{string}" quoting,
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
-command and proces substitution,
+command and process substitution,
word splitting, and quote removal.
An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
consistency of user interface across discrete programs which provide
a command line interface.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set EDITION 8.3
@set VERSION 8.3
-@set UPDATED 29 November 2024
-@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2024
+@set UPDATED 30 December 2024
+@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2024
-@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 29 18:18:20 EST 2024
+@set LASTCHANGE Mon Dec 30 11:27:03 EST 2024
register char c;
HIST_ENTRY *entry;
int which, sign, local_index, substring_okay;
- int search_flags;
+ int search_flags, old_offset;
char *temp;
/* The event can be specified in a number of ways.
*caller_index = i;
+ old_offset = history_offset; /* XXX */
#define FAIL_SEARCH() \
do { \
- history_offset = history_length; xfree (temp) ; return (char *)NULL; \
+ history_offset = old_offset; xfree (temp) ; return (char *)NULL; \
} while (0)
/* If there is no search string, try to use the previous search string,
entry = current_history ();
if (entry == 0)
FAIL_SEARCH ();
- history_offset = history_length;
+ history_offset = old_offset; /* XXX - was history_length */
/* If this was a substring search, then remember the
string that we matched for word substitution. */
/* histfile.c - functions to manipulate the history file. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2019,2023-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2019,2023-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file contains the GNU History Library (History), a set of
routines for managing the text of previously typed lines.
#endif
goto error_and_exit;
}
-
- file_size = (size_t)finfo.st_size;
-
- /* check for overflow on very large files */
- if (file_size != finfo.st_size || file_size + 1 < file_size)
+ else
{
- errno = overflow_errno;
- goto error_and_exit;
- }
+ /* regular file */
+ file_size = (size_t)finfo.st_size;
- if (file_size == 0)
- {
- xfree (input);
- close (file);
- return 0; /* don't waste time if we don't have to */
+ /* check for overflow on very large files */
+ if (file_size != finfo.st_size || file_size + 1 < file_size)
+ {
+ errno = overflow_errno;
+ goto error_and_exit;
+ }
+
+ if (file_size == 0)
+ {
+ xfree (input);
+ close (file);
+ return 0; /* don't waste time if we don't have to */
+ }
}
#ifdef HISTORY_USE_MMAP
} while (0)
#endif
+#ifndef TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL
+# define TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL(tv, ts) \
+ do { \
+ (tv)->tv_sec = (ts)->tv_sec; \
+ (tv)->tv_usec = (tv)->tv_nsec / 1000; \
+ } while (0)
+#endif
+
#endif /* _POSIXTIME_H_ */
+++ /dev/null
-/* readline.c -- a general facility for reading lines of input
- with emacs style editing and completion. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
- for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
-
- Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#define READLINE_LIBRARY
-
-#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
-# include <config.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include "posixstat.h"
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#if defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H)
-# include <sys/file.h>
-#endif /* HAVE_SYS_FILE_H */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H)
-# include <stdlib.h>
-#else
-# include "ansi_stdlib.h"
-#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_H)
-# include <locale.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "posixjmp.h"
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#if !defined (errno)
-extern int errno;
-#endif /* !errno */
-
-/* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */
-#include "rldefs.h"
-#include "rlmbutil.h"
-
-#if defined (__EMX__)
-# define INCL_DOSPROCESS
-# include <os2.h>
-#endif /* __EMX__ */
-
-/* Some standard library routines. */
-#include "readline.h"
-#include "history.h"
-
-#include "rlprivate.h"
-#include "rlshell.h"
-#include "xmalloc.h"
-
-#ifndef RL_LIBRARY_VERSION
-# define RL_LIBRARY_VERSION "5.1"
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RL_READLINE_VERSION
-# define RL_READLINE_VERSION 0x0501
-#endif
-
-extern void _rl_free_history_entry PARAMS((HIST_ENTRY *));
-
-#if defined (COLOR_SUPPORT)
-extern void _rl_parse_colors PARAMS((void)); /* XXX */
-#endif
-
-
-/* Forward declarations used in this file. */
-static char *readline_internal PARAMS((void));
-static void readline_initialize_everything PARAMS((void));
-
-static void bind_arrow_keys_internal PARAMS((Keymap));
-static void bind_arrow_keys PARAMS((void));
-
-static void readline_default_bindings PARAMS((void));
-static void reset_default_bindings PARAMS((void));
-
-static int _rl_subseq_result PARAMS((int, Keymap, int, int));
-static int _rl_subseq_getchar PARAMS((int));
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Line editing input utility */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-const char *rl_library_version = RL_LIBRARY_VERSION;
-
-int rl_readline_version = RL_READLINE_VERSION;
-
-/* True if this is `real' readline as opposed to some stub substitute. */
-int rl_gnu_readline_p = 1;
-
-/* A pointer to the keymap that is currently in use.
- By default, it is the standard emacs keymap. */
-Keymap _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap;
-
-/* The current style of editing. */
-int rl_editing_mode = emacs_mode;
-
-/* The current insert mode: input (the default) or overwrite */
-int rl_insert_mode = RL_IM_DEFAULT;
-
-/* Non-zero if we called this function from _rl_dispatch(). It's present
- so functions can find out whether they were called from a key binding
- or directly from an application. */
-int rl_dispatching;
-
-/* Non-zero if the previous command was a kill command. */
-int _rl_last_command_was_kill = 0;
-
-/* The current value of the numeric argument specified by the user. */
-int rl_numeric_arg = 1;
-
-/* Non-zero if an argument was typed. */
-int rl_explicit_arg = 0;
-
-/* Temporary value used while generating the argument. */
-int rl_arg_sign = 1;
-
-/* Non-zero means we have been called at least once before. */
-static int rl_initialized;
-
-#if 0
-/* If non-zero, this program is running in an EMACS buffer. */
-static int running_in_emacs;
-#endif
-
-/* Flags word encapsulating the current readline state. */
-int rl_readline_state = RL_STATE_NONE;
-
-/* The current offset in the current input line. */
-int rl_point;
-
-/* Mark in the current input line. */
-int rl_mark;
-
-/* Length of the current input line. */
-int rl_end;
-
-/* Make this non-zero to return the current input_line. */
-int rl_done;
-
-/* The last function executed by readline. */
-rl_command_func_t *rl_last_func = (rl_command_func_t *)NULL;
-
-/* Top level environment for readline_internal (). */
-procenv_t _rl_top_level;
-
-/* The streams we interact with. */
-FILE *_rl_in_stream, *_rl_out_stream;
-
-/* The names of the streams that we do input and output to. */
-FILE *rl_instream = (FILE *)NULL;
-FILE *rl_outstream = (FILE *)NULL;
-
-/* Non-zero means echo characters as they are read. Defaults to no echo;
- set to 1 if there is a controlling terminal, we can get its attributes,
- and the attributes include `echo'. Look at rltty.c:prepare_terminal_settings
- for the code that sets it. */
-int _rl_echoing_p = 0;
-
-/* Current prompt. */
-char *rl_prompt = (char *)NULL;
-int rl_visible_prompt_length = 0;
-
-/* Set to non-zero by calling application if it has already printed rl_prompt
- and does not want readline to do it the first time. */
-int rl_already_prompted = 0;
-
-/* The number of characters read in order to type this complete command. */
-int rl_key_sequence_length = 0;
-
-/* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call just
- before readline_internal_setup () prints the first prompt. */
-rl_hook_func_t *rl_startup_hook = (rl_hook_func_t *)NULL;
-
-/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before
- readline_internal_setup () returns and readline_internal starts
- reading input characters. */
-rl_hook_func_t *rl_pre_input_hook = (rl_hook_func_t *)NULL;
-
-/* What we use internally. You should always refer to RL_LINE_BUFFER. */
-static char *the_line;
-
-/* The character that can generate an EOF. Really read from
- the terminal driver... just defaulted here. */
-int _rl_eof_char = CTRL ('D');
-
-/* Non-zero makes this the next keystroke to read. */
-int rl_pending_input = 0;
-
-/* Pointer to a useful terminal name. */
-const char *rl_terminal_name = (const char *)NULL;
-
-/* Non-zero means to always use horizontal scrolling in line display. */
-int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode = 0;
-
-/* Non-zero means to display an asterisk at the starts of history lines
- which have been modified. */
-int _rl_mark_modified_lines = 0;
-
-/* The style of `bell' notification preferred. This can be set to NO_BELL,
- AUDIBLE_BELL, or VISIBLE_BELL. */
-int _rl_bell_preference = AUDIBLE_BELL;
-
-/* String inserted into the line by rl_insert_comment (). */
-char *_rl_comment_begin;
-
-/* Keymap holding the function currently being executed. */
-Keymap rl_executing_keymap;
-
-/* Keymap we're currently using to dispatch. */
-Keymap _rl_dispatching_keymap;
-
-/* Non-zero means to erase entire line, including prompt, on empty input lines. */
-int rl_erase_empty_line = 0;
-
-/* Non-zero means to read only this many characters rather than up to a
- character bound to accept-line. */
-int rl_num_chars_to_read;
-
-/* Line buffer and maintenance. */
-char *rl_line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
-int rl_line_buffer_len = 0;
-
-/* Key sequence `contexts' */
-_rl_keyseq_cxt *_rl_kscxt = 0;
-
-int rl_executing_key;
-char *rl_executing_keyseq = 0;
-int _rl_executing_keyseq_size = 0;
-
-/* Timeout (specified in milliseconds) when reading characters making up an
- ambiguous multiple-key sequence */
-int _rl_keyseq_timeout = 500;
-
-#define RESIZE_KEYSEQ_BUFFER() \
- do \
- { \
- if (rl_key_sequence_length + 2 >= _rl_executing_keyseq_size) \
- { \
- _rl_executing_keyseq_size += 16; \
- rl_executing_keyseq = xrealloc (rl_executing_keyseq, _rl_executing_keyseq_size); \
- } \
- } \
- while (0);
-
-/* Forward declarations used by the display, termcap, and history code. */
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* `Forward' declarations */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Non-zero means do not parse any lines other than comments and
- parser directives. */
-unsigned char _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0;
-
-/* Non-zero means to convert characters with the meta bit set to
- escape-prefixed characters so we can indirect through
- emacs_meta_keymap or vi_escape_keymap. */
-int _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii = 1;
-
-/* Non-zero means to output characters with the meta bit set directly
- rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. */
-int _rl_output_meta_chars = 0;
-
-/* Non-zero means to look at the termios special characters and bind
- them to equivalent readline functions at startup. */
-int _rl_bind_stty_chars = 1;
-
-/* Non-zero means to go through the history list at every newline (or
- whenever rl_done is set and readline returns) and revert each line to
- its initial state. */
-int _rl_revert_all_at_newline = 0;
-
-/* Non-zero means to honor the termios ECHOCTL bit and echo control
- characters corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. */
-int _rl_echo_control_chars = 1;
-
-/* Non-zero means to prefix the displayed prompt with a character indicating
- the editing mode: @ for emacs, : for vi-command, + for vi-insert. */
-int _rl_show_mode_in_prompt = 0;
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Top Level Functions */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Non-zero means treat 0200 bit in terminal input as Meta bit. */
-int _rl_meta_flag = 0; /* Forward declaration */
-
-/* Set up the prompt and expand it. Called from readline() and
- rl_callback_handler_install (). */
-int
-rl_set_prompt (prompt)
- const char *prompt;
-{
- FREE (rl_prompt);
- rl_prompt = prompt ? savestring (prompt) : (char *)NULL;
- rl_display_prompt = rl_prompt ? rl_prompt : "";
-
- rl_visible_prompt_length = rl_expand_prompt (rl_prompt);
- return 0;
-}
-
-/* Read a line of input. Prompt with PROMPT. An empty PROMPT means
- none. A return value of NULL means that EOF was encountered. */
-char *
-readline (prompt)
- const char *prompt;
-{
- char *value;
-#if 0
- int in_callback;
-#endif
-
- /* If we are at EOF return a NULL string. */
- if (rl_pending_input == EOF)
- {
- rl_clear_pending_input ();
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
-#if 0
- /* If readline() is called after installing a callback handler, temporarily
- turn off the callback state to avoid ensuing messiness. Patch supplied
- by the gdb folks. XXX -- disabled. This can be fooled and readline
- left in a strange state by a poorly-timed longjmp. */
- if (in_callback = RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
- RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
-#endif
-
- rl_set_prompt (prompt);
-
- rl_initialize ();
- if (rl_prep_term_function)
- (*rl_prep_term_function) (_rl_meta_flag);
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS)
- rl_set_signals ();
-#endif
-
- value = readline_internal ();
- if (rl_deprep_term_function)
- (*rl_deprep_term_function) ();
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS)
- rl_clear_signals ();
-#endif
-
-#if 0
- if (in_callback)
- RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
-#endif
-
-#if HAVE_DECL_AUDIT_TTY && defined (ENABLE_TTY_AUDIT_SUPPORT)
- if (value)
- _rl_audit_tty (value);
-#endif
-
- return (value);
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
-# define STATIC_CALLBACK
-#else
-# define STATIC_CALLBACK static
-#endif
-
-STATIC_CALLBACK void
-readline_internal_setup ()
-{
- char *nprompt;
-
- _rl_in_stream = rl_instream;
- _rl_out_stream = rl_outstream;
-
- /* Enable the meta key only for the duration of readline(), if this
- terminal has one and the terminal has been initialized */
- if (_rl_enable_meta & RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED))
- _rl_enable_meta_key ();
-
- if (rl_startup_hook)
- (*rl_startup_hook) ();
-
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode)
- rl_vi_insertion_mode (1, 'i'); /* don't want to reset last */
-#endif /* VI_MODE */
-
- /* If we're not echoing, we still want to at least print a prompt, because
- rl_redisplay will not do it for us. If the calling application has a
- custom redisplay function, though, let that function handle it. */
- if (_rl_echoing_p == 0 && rl_redisplay_function == rl_redisplay)
- {
- if (rl_prompt && rl_already_prompted == 0)
- {
- nprompt = _rl_strip_prompt (rl_prompt);
- fprintf (_rl_out_stream, "%s", nprompt);
- fflush (_rl_out_stream);
- xfree (nprompt);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- if (rl_prompt && rl_already_prompted)
- rl_on_new_line_with_prompt ();
- else
- rl_on_new_line ();
- (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
- }
-
- if (rl_pre_input_hook)
- (*rl_pre_input_hook) ();
-
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
-}
-
-STATIC_CALLBACK char *
-readline_internal_teardown (eof)
- int eof;
-{
- char *temp;
- HIST_ENTRY *entry;
-
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
-
- /* Restore the original of this history line, iff the line that we
- are editing was originally in the history, AND the line has changed. */
- entry = current_history ();
-
- if (entry && rl_undo_list)
- {
- temp = savestring (the_line);
- rl_revert_line (1, 0);
- entry = replace_history_entry (where_history (), the_line, (histdata_t)NULL);
- _rl_free_history_entry (entry);
-
- strcpy (the_line, temp);
- xfree (temp);
- }
-
- if (_rl_revert_all_at_newline)
- _rl_revert_all_lines ();
-
- /* At any rate, it is highly likely that this line has an undo list. Get
- rid of it now. */
- if (rl_undo_list)
- rl_free_undo_list ();
-
- /* Disable the meta key, if this terminal has one and we were told to use it.
- The check whether or not we sent the enable string is in
- _rl_disable_meta_key(); the flag is set in _rl_enable_meta_key */
- _rl_disable_meta_key ();
-
- /* Restore normal cursor, if available. */
- _rl_set_insert_mode (RL_IM_INSERT, 0);
-
- return (eof ? (char *)NULL : savestring (the_line));
-}
-
-void
-_rl_internal_char_cleanup ()
-{
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- /* In vi mode, when you exit insert mode, the cursor moves back
- over the previous character. We explicitly check for that here. */
- if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap)
- rl_vi_check ();
-#endif /* VI_MODE */
-
- if (rl_num_chars_to_read && rl_end >= rl_num_chars_to_read)
- {
- (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
- _rl_want_redisplay = 0;
- rl_newline (1, '\n');
- }
-
- if (rl_done == 0)
- {
- (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
- _rl_want_redisplay = 0;
- }
-
- /* If the application writer has told us to erase the entire line if
- the only character typed was something bound to rl_newline, do so. */
- if (rl_erase_empty_line && rl_done && rl_last_func == rl_newline &&
- rl_point == 0 && rl_end == 0)
- _rl_erase_entire_line ();
-}
-
-STATIC_CALLBACK int
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
-readline_internal_char ()
-#else
-readline_internal_charloop ()
-#endif
-{
- static int lastc, eof_found;
- int c, code, lk;
-
- lastc = -1;
- eof_found = 0;
-
-#if !defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- while (rl_done == 0)
- {
-#endif
- lk = _rl_last_command_was_kill;
-
-#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP)
- code = sigsetjmp (_rl_top_level, 0);
-#else
- code = setjmp (_rl_top_level);
-#endif
-
- if (code)
- {
- (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
- _rl_want_redisplay = 0;
- /* If we get here, we're not being called from something dispatched
- from _rl_callback_read_char(), which sets up its own value of
- _rl_top_level (saving and restoring the old, of course), so
- we can just return here. */
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
- return (0);
- }
-
- if (rl_pending_input == 0)
- {
- /* Then initialize the argument and number of keys read. */
- _rl_reset_argument ();
- rl_key_sequence_length = 0;
- rl_executing_keyseq[0] = 0;
- }
-
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_READCMD);
- c = rl_read_key ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_READCMD);
-
- /* look at input.c:rl_getc() for the circumstances under which this will
- be returned; punt immediately on read error without converting it to
- a newline; assume that rl_read_key has already called the signal
- handler. */
- if (c == READERR)
- {
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE);
- return (rl_done = 1);
-#else
- eof_found = 1;
- break;
-#endif
- }
-
- /* EOF typed to a non-blank line is a <NL>. If we want to change this,
- to force any existing line to be ignored when read(2) reads EOF,
- for example, this is the place to change. */
- if (c == EOF && rl_end)
- c = NEWLINE;
-
- /* The character _rl_eof_char typed to blank line, and not as the
- previous character is interpreted as EOF. */
- if (((c == _rl_eof_char && lastc != c) || c == EOF) && !rl_end)
- {
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE);
- return (rl_done = 1);
-#else
- eof_found = 1;
- break;
-#endif
- }
-
- lastc = c;
- _rl_dispatch ((unsigned char)c, _rl_keymap);
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
-
- /* If there was no change in _rl_last_command_was_kill, then no kill
- has taken place. Note that if input is pending we are reading
- a prefix command, so nothing has changed yet. */
- if (rl_pending_input == 0 && lk == _rl_last_command_was_kill)
- _rl_last_command_was_kill = 0;
-
- _rl_internal_char_cleanup ();
-
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- return 0;
-#else
- }
-
- return (eof_found);
-#endif
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
-static int
-readline_internal_charloop ()
-{
- int eof = 1;
-
- while (rl_done == 0)
- eof = readline_internal_char ();
- return (eof);
-}
-#endif /* READLINE_CALLBACKS */
-
-/* Read a line of input from the global rl_instream, doing output on
- the global rl_outstream.
- If rl_prompt is non-null, then that is our prompt. */
-static char *
-readline_internal ()
-{
- int eof;
-
- readline_internal_setup ();
- eof = readline_internal_charloop ();
- return (readline_internal_teardown (eof));
-}
-
-void
-_rl_init_line_state ()
-{
- rl_point = rl_end = rl_mark = 0;
- the_line = rl_line_buffer;
- the_line[0] = 0;
-}
-
-void
-_rl_set_the_line ()
-{
- the_line = rl_line_buffer;
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
-_rl_keyseq_cxt *
-_rl_keyseq_cxt_alloc ()
-{
- _rl_keyseq_cxt *cxt;
-
- cxt = (_rl_keyseq_cxt *)xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_keyseq_cxt));
-
- cxt->flags = cxt->subseq_arg = cxt->subseq_retval = 0;
-
- cxt->okey = 0;
- cxt->ocxt = _rl_kscxt;
- cxt->childval = 42; /* sentinel value */
-
- return cxt;
-}
-
-void
-_rl_keyseq_cxt_dispose (cxt)
- _rl_keyseq_cxt *cxt;
-{
- xfree (cxt);
-}
-
-void
-_rl_keyseq_chain_dispose ()
-{
- _rl_keyseq_cxt *cxt;
-
- while (_rl_kscxt)
- {
- cxt = _rl_kscxt;
- _rl_kscxt = _rl_kscxt->ocxt;
- _rl_keyseq_cxt_dispose (cxt);
- }
-}
-#endif
-
-static int
-_rl_subseq_getchar (key)
- int key;
-{
- int k;
-
- if (key == ESC)
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_METANEXT);
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- k = rl_read_key ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- if (key == ESC)
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_METANEXT);
-
- return k;
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
-int
-_rl_dispatch_callback (cxt)
- _rl_keyseq_cxt *cxt;
-{
- int nkey, r;
-
- /* For now */
- /* The first time this context is used, we want to read input and dispatch
- on it. When traversing the chain of contexts back `up', we want to use
- the value from the next context down. We're simulating recursion using
- a chain of contexts. */
- if ((cxt->flags & KSEQ_DISPATCHED) == 0)
- {
- nkey = _rl_subseq_getchar (cxt->okey);
- if (nkey < 0)
- {
- _rl_abort_internal ();
- return -1;
- }
- r = _rl_dispatch_subseq (nkey, cxt->dmap, cxt->subseq_arg);
- cxt->flags |= KSEQ_DISPATCHED;
- }
- else
- r = cxt->childval;
-
- /* For now */
- if (r != -3) /* don't do this if we indicate there will be other matches */
- r = _rl_subseq_result (r, cxt->oldmap, cxt->okey, (cxt->flags & KSEQ_SUBSEQ));
-
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
- /* We only treat values < 0 specially to simulate recursion. */
- if (r >= 0 || (r == -1 && (cxt->flags & KSEQ_SUBSEQ) == 0)) /* success! or failure! */
- {
- _rl_keyseq_chain_dispose ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY);
- return r;
- }
-
- if (r != -3) /* magic value that says we added to the chain */
- _rl_kscxt = cxt->ocxt;
- if (_rl_kscxt)
- _rl_kscxt->childval = r;
- if (r != -3)
- _rl_keyseq_cxt_dispose (cxt);
-
- return r;
-}
-#endif /* READLINE_CALLBACKS */
-
-/* Do the command associated with KEY in MAP.
- If the associated command is really a keymap, then read
- another key, and dispatch into that map. */
-int
-_rl_dispatch (key, map)
- register int key;
- Keymap map;
-{
- _rl_dispatching_keymap = map;
- return _rl_dispatch_subseq (key, map, 0);
-}
-
-int
-_rl_dispatch_subseq (key, map, got_subseq)
- register int key;
- Keymap map;
- int got_subseq;
-{
- int r, newkey;
- char *macro;
- rl_command_func_t *func;
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- _rl_keyseq_cxt *cxt;
-#endif
-
- if (META_CHAR (key) && _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii)
- {
- if (map[ESC].type == ISKMAP)
- {
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACRODEF))
- _rl_add_macro_char (ESC);
- RESIZE_KEYSEQ_BUFFER ();
- rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length++] = ESC;
- map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ESC);
- key = UNMETA (key);
- return (_rl_dispatch (key, map));
- }
- else
- rl_ding ();
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACRODEF))
- _rl_add_macro_char (key);
-
- r = 0;
- switch (map[key].type)
- {
- case ISFUNC:
- func = map[key].function;
- if (func)
- {
- /* Special case rl_do_lowercase_version (). */
- if (func == rl_do_lowercase_version)
- /* Should we do anything special if key == ANYOTHERKEY? */
- return (_rl_dispatch (_rl_to_lower (key), map));
-
- rl_executing_keymap = map;
- rl_executing_key = key;
-
- RESIZE_KEYSEQ_BUFFER();
- rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length++] = key;
- rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length] = '\0';
-
- rl_dispatching = 1;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DISPATCHING);
- r = (*func) (rl_numeric_arg * rl_arg_sign, key);
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_DISPATCHING);
- rl_dispatching = 0;
-
- /* If we have input pending, then the last command was a prefix
- command. Don't change the state of rl_last_func. Otherwise,
- remember the last command executed in this variable. */
- if (rl_pending_input == 0 && map[key].function != rl_digit_argument)
- rl_last_func = map[key].function;
-
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
- }
- else if (map[ANYOTHERKEY].function)
- {
- /* OK, there's no function bound in this map, but there is a
- shadow function that was overridden when the current keymap
- was created. Return -2 to note that. */
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACROINPUT))
- _rl_prev_macro_key ();
- else
- _rl_unget_char (key);
- return -2;
- }
- else if (got_subseq)
- {
- /* Return -1 to note that we're in a subsequence, but we don't
- have a matching key, nor was one overridden. This means
- we need to back up the recursion chain and find the last
- subsequence that is bound to a function. */
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACROINPUT))
- _rl_prev_macro_key ();
- else
- _rl_unget_char (key);
- return -1;
- }
- else
- {
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY);
- _rl_keyseq_chain_dispose ();
-#endif
- _rl_abort_internal ();
- return -1;
- }
- break;
-
- case ISKMAP:
- if (map[key].function != 0)
- {
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- /* The only way this test will be true is if a subsequence has been
- bound starting with ESC, generally the arrow keys. What we do is
- check whether there's input in the queue, which there generally
- will be if an arrow key has been pressed, and, if there's not,
- just dispatch to (what we assume is) rl_vi_movement_mode right
- away. This is essentially an input test with a zero timeout (by
- default) or a timeout determined by the value of `keyseq-timeout' */
- /* _rl_keyseq_timeout specified in milliseconds; _rl_input_queued
- takes microseconds, so multiply by 1000 */
- if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && key == ESC && map == vi_insertion_keymap
- && _rl_input_queued ((_rl_keyseq_timeout > 0) ? _rl_keyseq_timeout*1000 : 0) == 0)
- return (_rl_dispatch (ANYOTHERKEY, FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, key)));
-#endif
-
- RESIZE_KEYSEQ_BUFFER ();
- rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length++] = key;
- _rl_dispatching_keymap = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, key);
-
- /* Allocate new context here. Use linked contexts (linked through
- cxt->ocxt) to simulate recursion */
-#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
- {
- /* Return 0 only the first time, to indicate success to
- _rl_callback_read_char. The rest of the time, we're called
- from _rl_dispatch_callback, so we return -3 to indicate
- special handling is necessary. */
- r = RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY) ? -3 : 0;
- cxt = _rl_keyseq_cxt_alloc ();
-
- if (got_subseq)
- cxt->flags |= KSEQ_SUBSEQ;
- cxt->okey = key;
- cxt->oldmap = map;
- cxt->dmap = _rl_dispatching_keymap;
- cxt->subseq_arg = got_subseq || cxt->dmap[ANYOTHERKEY].function;
-
- RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY);
- _rl_kscxt = cxt;
-
- return r; /* don't indicate immediate success */
- }
-#endif
-
- /* Tentative inter-character timeout for potential multi-key
- sequences? If no input within timeout, abort sequence and
- act as if we got non-matching input. */
- /* _rl_keyseq_timeout specified in milliseconds; _rl_input_queued
- takes microseconds, so multiply by 1000 */
- if (_rl_keyseq_timeout > 0 &&
- (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING|RL_STATE_MACROINPUT) == 0) &&
- _rl_pushed_input_available () == 0 &&
- _rl_dispatching_keymap[ANYOTHERKEY].function &&
- _rl_input_queued (_rl_keyseq_timeout*1000) == 0)
- return (_rl_subseq_result (-2, map, key, got_subseq));
-
- newkey = _rl_subseq_getchar (key);
- if (newkey < 0)
- {
- _rl_abort_internal ();
- return -1;
- }
-
- r = _rl_dispatch_subseq (newkey, _rl_dispatching_keymap, got_subseq || map[ANYOTHERKEY].function);
- return _rl_subseq_result (r, map, key, got_subseq);
- }
- else
- {
- _rl_abort_internal ();
- return -1;
- }
- break;
-
- case ISMACR:
- if (map[key].function != 0)
- {
- rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length] = '\0';
- macro = savestring ((char *)map[key].function);
- _rl_with_macro_input (macro);
- return 0;
- }
- break;
- }
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap &&
- key != ANYOTHERKEY &&
- rl_key_sequence_length == 1 && /* XXX */
- _rl_vi_textmod_command (key))
- _rl_vi_set_last (key, rl_numeric_arg, rl_arg_sign);
-#endif
-
- return (r);
-}
-
-static int
-_rl_subseq_result (r, map, key, got_subseq)
- int r;
- Keymap map;
- int key, got_subseq;
-{
- Keymap m;
- int type, nt;
- rl_command_func_t *func, *nf;
-
- if (r == -2)
- /* We didn't match anything, and the keymap we're indexed into
- shadowed a function previously bound to that prefix. Call
- the function. The recursive call to _rl_dispatch_subseq has
- already taken care of pushing any necessary input back onto
- the input queue with _rl_unget_char. */
- {
- m = _rl_dispatching_keymap;
- type = m[ANYOTHERKEY].type;
- func = m[ANYOTHERKEY].function;
- if (type == ISFUNC && func == rl_do_lowercase_version)
- r = _rl_dispatch (_rl_to_lower (key), map);
- else if (type == ISFUNC && func == rl_insert)
- {
- /* If the function that was shadowed was self-insert, we
- somehow need a keymap with map[key].func == self-insert.
- Let's use this one. */
- nt = m[key].type;
- nf = m[key].function;
-
- m[key].type = type;
- m[key].function = func;
- r = _rl_dispatch (key, m);
- m[key].type = nt;
- m[key].function = nf;
- }
- else
- r = _rl_dispatch (ANYOTHERKEY, m);
- }
- else if (r && map[ANYOTHERKEY].function)
- {
- /* We didn't match (r is probably -1), so return something to
- tell the caller that it should try ANYOTHERKEY for an
- overridden function. */
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACROINPUT))
- _rl_prev_macro_key ();
- else
- _rl_unget_char (key);
- _rl_dispatching_keymap = map;
- return -2;
- }
- else if (r && got_subseq)
- {
- /* OK, back up the chain. */
- if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACROINPUT))
- _rl_prev_macro_key ();
- else
- _rl_unget_char (key);
- _rl_dispatching_keymap = map;
- return -1;
- }
-
- return r;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Initializations */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Initialize readline (and terminal if not already). */
-int
-rl_initialize ()
-{
- /* If we have never been called before, initialize the
- terminal and data structures. */
- if (!rl_initialized)
- {
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_INITIALIZING);
- readline_initialize_everything ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_INITIALIZING);
- rl_initialized++;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_INITIALIZED);
- }
-
- /* Initialize the current line information. */
- _rl_init_line_state ();
-
- /* We aren't done yet. We haven't even gotten started yet! */
- rl_done = 0;
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE);
-
- /* Tell the history routines what is going on. */
- _rl_start_using_history ();
-
- /* Make the display buffer match the state of the line. */
- rl_reset_line_state ();
-
- /* No such function typed yet. */
- rl_last_func = (rl_command_func_t *)NULL;
-
- /* Parsing of key-bindings begins in an enabled state. */
- _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0;
-
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode)
- _rl_vi_initialize_line ();
-#endif
-
- /* Each line starts in insert mode (the default). */
- _rl_set_insert_mode (RL_IM_DEFAULT, 1);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-#if 0
-#if defined (__EMX__)
-static void
-_emx_build_environ ()
-{
- TIB *tibp;
- PIB *pibp;
- char *t, **tp;
- int c;
-
- DosGetInfoBlocks (&tibp, &pibp);
- t = pibp->pib_pchenv;
- for (c = 1; *t; c++)
- t += strlen (t) + 1;
- tp = environ = (char **)xmalloc ((c + 1) * sizeof (char *));
- t = pibp->pib_pchenv;
- while (*t)
- {
- *tp++ = t;
- t += strlen (t) + 1;
- }
- *tp = 0;
-}
-#endif /* __EMX__ */
-#endif
-
-/* Initialize the entire state of the world. */
-static void
-readline_initialize_everything ()
-{
-#if 0
-#if defined (__EMX__)
- if (environ == 0)
- _emx_build_environ ();
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if 0
- /* Find out if we are running in Emacs -- UNUSED. */
- running_in_emacs = sh_get_env_value ("EMACS") != (char *)0;
-#endif
-
- /* Set up input and output if they are not already set up. */
- if (!rl_instream)
- rl_instream = stdin;
-
- if (!rl_outstream)
- rl_outstream = stdout;
-
- /* Bind _rl_in_stream and _rl_out_stream immediately. These values
- may change, but they may also be used before readline_internal ()
- is called. */
- _rl_in_stream = rl_instream;
- _rl_out_stream = rl_outstream;
-
- /* Allocate data structures. */
- if (rl_line_buffer == 0)
- rl_line_buffer = (char *)xmalloc (rl_line_buffer_len = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
-
- /* Initialize the terminal interface. */
- if (rl_terminal_name == 0)
- rl_terminal_name = sh_get_env_value ("TERM");
- _rl_init_terminal_io (rl_terminal_name);
-
- /* Bind tty characters to readline functions. */
- readline_default_bindings ();
-
- /* Initialize the function names. */
- rl_initialize_funmap ();
-
- /* Decide whether we should automatically go into eight-bit mode. */
- _rl_init_eightbit ();
-
- /* Read in the init file. */
- rl_read_init_file ((char *)NULL);
-
- /* XXX */
- if (_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && _rl_term_autowrap)
- {
- _rl_screenwidth--;
- _rl_screenchars -= _rl_screenheight;
- }
-
- /* Override the effect of any `set keymap' assignments in the
- inputrc file. */
- rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode ();
-
- /* Try to bind a common arrow key prefix, if not already bound. */
- bind_arrow_keys ();
-
- /* If the completion parser's default word break characters haven't
- been set yet, then do so now. */
- if (rl_completer_word_break_characters == (char *)NULL)
- rl_completer_word_break_characters = (char *)rl_basic_word_break_characters;
-
-#if defined (COLOR_SUPPORT)
- if (_rl_colored_stats)
- _rl_parse_colors ();
-#endif
-
- rl_executing_keyseq = malloc (_rl_executing_keyseq_size = 16);
- if (rl_executing_keyseq)
- rl_executing_keyseq[0] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* If this system allows us to look at the values of the regular
- input editing characters, then bind them to their readline
- equivalents, iff the characters are not bound to keymaps. */
-static void
-readline_default_bindings ()
-{
- if (_rl_bind_stty_chars)
- rl_tty_set_default_bindings (_rl_keymap);
-}
-
-/* Reset the default bindings for the terminal special characters we're
- interested in back to rl_insert and read the new ones. */
-static void
-reset_default_bindings ()
-{
- if (_rl_bind_stty_chars)
- {
- rl_tty_unset_default_bindings (_rl_keymap);
- rl_tty_set_default_bindings (_rl_keymap);
- }
-}
-
-/* Bind some common arrow key sequences in MAP. */
-static void
-bind_arrow_keys_internal (map)
- Keymap map;
-{
- Keymap xkeymap;
-
- xkeymap = _rl_keymap;
- _rl_keymap = map;
-
-#if defined (__MSDOS__)
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[0A", rl_get_previous_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[0B", rl_backward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[0C", rl_forward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[0D", rl_get_next_history);
-#endif
-
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[A", rl_get_previous_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[B", rl_get_next_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[C", rl_forward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[D", rl_backward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[H", rl_beg_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033[F", rl_end_of_line);
-
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OA", rl_get_previous_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OB", rl_get_next_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OC", rl_forward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OD", rl_backward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OH", rl_beg_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\033OF", rl_end_of_line);
-
-#if defined (__MINGW32__)
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340H", rl_get_previous_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340P", rl_get_next_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340M", rl_forward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340K", rl_backward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340G", rl_beg_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340O", rl_end_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340S", rl_delete);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\340R", rl_overwrite_mode);
-
- /* These may or may not work because of the embedded NUL. */
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000H", rl_get_previous_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000P", rl_get_next_history);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000M", rl_forward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000K", rl_backward_char);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000G", rl_beg_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000O", rl_end_of_line);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000S", rl_delete);
- rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound ("\\000R", rl_overwrite_mode);
-#endif
-
- _rl_keymap = xkeymap;
-}
-
-/* Try and bind the common arrow key prefixes after giving termcap and
- the inputrc file a chance to bind them and create `real' keymaps
- for the arrow key prefix. */
-static void
-bind_arrow_keys ()
-{
- bind_arrow_keys_internal (emacs_standard_keymap);
-
-#if defined (VI_MODE)
- bind_arrow_keys_internal (vi_movement_keymap);
- /* Unbind vi_movement_keymap[ESC] to allow users to repeatedly hit ESC
- in vi command mode while still allowing the arrow keys to work. */
- if (vi_movement_keymap[ESC].type == ISKMAP)
- rl_bind_keyseq_in_map ("\033", (rl_command_func_t *)NULL, vi_movement_keymap);
- bind_arrow_keys_internal (vi_insertion_keymap);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Saving and Restoring Readline's state */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-int
-rl_save_state (sp)
- struct readline_state *sp;
-{
- if (sp == 0)
- return -1;
-
- sp->point = rl_point;
- sp->end = rl_end;
- sp->mark = rl_mark;
- sp->buffer = rl_line_buffer;
- sp->buflen = rl_line_buffer_len;
- sp->ul = rl_undo_list;
- sp->prompt = rl_prompt;
-
- sp->rlstate = rl_readline_state;
- sp->done = rl_done;
- sp->kmap = _rl_keymap;
-
- sp->lastfunc = rl_last_func;
- sp->insmode = rl_insert_mode;
- sp->edmode = rl_editing_mode;
- sp->kseqlen = rl_key_sequence_length;
- sp->inf = rl_instream;
- sp->outf = rl_outstream;
- sp->pendingin = rl_pending_input;
- sp->macro = rl_executing_macro;
-
- sp->catchsigs = rl_catch_signals;
- sp->catchsigwinch = rl_catch_sigwinch;
-
- return (0);
-}
-
-int
-rl_restore_state (sp)
- struct readline_state *sp;
-{
- if (sp == 0)
- return -1;
-
- rl_point = sp->point;
- rl_end = sp->end;
- rl_mark = sp->mark;
- the_line = rl_line_buffer = sp->buffer;
- rl_line_buffer_len = sp->buflen;
- rl_undo_list = sp->ul;
- rl_prompt = sp->prompt;
-
- rl_readline_state = sp->rlstate;
- rl_done = sp->done;
- _rl_keymap = sp->kmap;
-
- rl_last_func = sp->lastfunc;
- rl_insert_mode = sp->insmode;
- rl_editing_mode = sp->edmode;
- rl_key_sequence_length = sp->kseqlen;
- rl_instream = sp->inf;
- rl_outstream = sp->outf;
- rl_pending_input = sp->pendingin;
- rl_executing_macro = sp->macro;
-
- rl_catch_signals = sp->catchsigs;
- rl_catch_sigwinch = sp->catchsigwinch;
-
- return (0);
-}
{
switch (wc)
{
- case ' ': case '!': case '"': case '#': case '%':
- case '&': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*':
- case '+': case ',': case '-': case '.': case '/':
- case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
- case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
- case ':': case ';': case '<': case '=': case '>':
- case '?':
- case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E':
- case 'F': case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J':
- case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N': case 'O':
- case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T':
- case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y':
- case 'Z':
- case '[': case '\\': case ']': case '^': case '_':
- case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e':
- case 'f': case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': case 'j':
- case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o':
- case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't':
- case 'u': case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y':
- case 'z': case '{': case '|': case '}': case '~':
+ case L' ': case L'!': case L'"': case L'#': case L'%':
+ case L'&': case L'\'': case L'(': case L')': case L'*':
+ case L'+': case L',': case L'-': case L'.': case L'/':
+ case L'0': case L'1': case L'2': case L'3': case L'4':
+ case L'5': case L'6': case L'7': case L'8': case L'9':
+ case L':': case L';': case L'<': case L'=': case L'>':
+ case L'?':
+ case L'A': case L'B': case L'C': case L'D': case L'E':
+ case L'F': case L'G': case L'H': case L'I': case L'J':
+ case L'K': case L'L': case L'M': case L'N': case L'O':
+ case L'P': case L'Q': case L'R': case L'S': case L'T':
+ case L'U': case L'V': case L'W': case L'X': case L'Y':
+ case L'Z':
+ case L'[': case L'\\': case L']': case L'^': case L'_':
+ case L'a': case L'b': case L'c': case L'd': case L'e':
+ case L'f': case L'g': case L'h': case L'i': case L'j':
+ case L'k': case L'l': case L'm': case L'n': case L'o':
+ case L'p': case L'q': case L'r': case L's': case L't':
+ case L'u': case L'v': case L'w': case L'x': case L'y':
+ case L'z': case L'{': case L'|': case L'}': case L'~':
return 1;
default:
return wcwidth (wc);
/* rlprivate.h -- functions and variables global to the readline library,
but not intended for use by applications. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1999-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1999-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
/* signals.c */
extern int volatile _rl_caught_signal;
+extern int volatile _rl_handling_signal;
extern _rl_sigcleanup_func_t *_rl_sigcleanup;
extern void *_rl_sigcleanarg;
#endif
/* Dummy call to force a backgrounded readline to stop before it tries
- to get the tty settings. */
+ to get the tty settings. But we use the information to set our idea
+ of the screen size if we're in a signal handling context, since it
+ doesn't make sense to waste it. */
static void
set_winsize (int tty)
{
-#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ)
+#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) || defined (HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE)
struct winsize w;
-
- if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &w) == 0)
- (void) ioctl (tty, TIOCSWINSZ, &w);
+
+ if (_rl_tcgetwinsize (tty, &w) == 0)
+ {
+ (void) _rl_tcsetwinsize (tty, &w);
+ /* We restrict this to the case where we're running a signal handler
+ and executing after a SIGTSTP. We can relax it later. */
+#if defined (SIGTSTP)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER) && _rl_handling_signal == SIGTSTP && rl_prefer_env_winsize == 0)
+ _rl_set_screen_size (w.ws_row, w.ws_col); /* don't waste the info */
+#endif
+ }
#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */
}
# define tcflow(fd, action) ioctl(fd, TCXONC, action)
#endif
+extern int _rl_tcgetwinsize (int, struct winsize *);
+extern void _rl_tcsetwinsize (int, struct winsize *);
+
#endif /* _RL_WINSIZE_H */
/* signals.c -- signal handling support for readline. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
/* Private variables. */
int volatile _rl_caught_signal = 0; /* should be sig_atomic_t, but that requires including <signal.h> everywhere */
+int volatile _rl_handling_signal = 0;
/* If non-zero, print characters corresponding to received signals as long as
the user has indicated his desire to do so (_rl_echo_control_chars). */
if (sig == SIGWINCH)
{
RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER);
+ _rl_handling_signal = SIGWINCH;
rl_resize_terminal ();
/* XXX - experimental for now */
if (rl_signal_event_hook)
(*rl_signal_event_hook) ();
+ _rl_handling_signal = 0;
RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER);
}
else
#endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */
RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER);
+ _rl_handling_signal = sig;
#if !defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) && !defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
/* Since the signal will not be blocked while we are in the signal
rl_reset_after_signal ();
}
+ _rl_handling_signal = 0;
RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER);
SIGHANDLER_RETURN;
}
}
#endif
+int
+_rl_tcgetwinsize (int tty, struct winsize *wp)
+{
+#if defined (HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE)
+ return (tcgetwinsize (tty, wp));
+#elif defined (TIOCGWINSZ)
+ return (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, wp));
+#else
+ return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+_rl_tcsetwinsize (int tty, struct winsize *wp)
+{
+#if defined (HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE)
+ tcsetwinsize (tty, wp);
+#elif defined (TIOCGWINSZ)
+ ioctl (tty, TIOCSWINSZ, wp);
+#else
+ ;
+#endif
+}
+
/* Get readline's idea of the screen size. TTY is a file descriptor open
to the terminal. If IGNORE_ENV is true, we do not pay attention to the
values of $LINES and $COLUMNS. The tests for TERM_STRING_BUFFER being
_rl_get_screen_size (int tty, int ignore_env)
{
char *ss;
-#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ)
+#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) || defined (HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE)
struct winsize window_size;
-#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */
+#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ || HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE */
int wr, wc;
wr = wc = -1;
-#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ)
- if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &window_size) == 0)
+#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) || defined (HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE)
+ if (_rl_tcgetwinsize (tty, &window_size) == 0)
{
wc = (int) window_size.ws_col;
wr = (int) window_size.ws_row;
}
-#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */
+#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ || HAVE_TCGETWINSIZE */
#if defined (__EMX__)
_emx_get_screensize (&wc, &wr);
RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY); /* XXX */
rl_last_func = (rl_command_func_t *)NULL;
+ _rl_command_to_execute = 0;
_rl_longjmp (_rl_top_level, 1);
return (0);
-/* gettimeofday.c - gettimeofday replacement using time() */
+/* Provide gettimeofday for systems that don't have it or for which it's broken.
-/* Copyright (C) 2020, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 2001-2003, 2005-2007, 2009-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+ This file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+ License, or (at your option) any later version.
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
+/* written by Jim Meyering */
+
+/* A version of gettimeofday that just sets tv_sec from time(3) on Unix-like
+ systems that don't have it, or a version for Win32 systems. From gnulib */
-#include "config.h"
+#include <config.h>
#if !defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
#include "posixtime.h"
-#if HAVE_STDINT_H
-#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+# define WINDOWS_NATIVE
+# include <windows.h>
#endif
-/* A version of gettimeofday that just sets tv_sec from time(3) on Unix-like
- systems that don't have it, or a version for Win32 systems. */
+#ifdef WINDOWS_NATIVE
+
+# if !(_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8)
+
+/* Avoid warnings from gcc -Wcast-function-type. */
+# define GetProcAddress \
+ (void *) GetProcAddress
+
+/* GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime was introduced only in Windows 8. */
+typedef void (WINAPI * GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFuncType) (FILETIME *lpTime);
+static GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFuncType GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFunc = NULL;
+static BOOL initialized = FALSE;
+
+static void
+initialize (void)
+{
+ HMODULE kernel32 = LoadLibrary ("kernel32.dll");
+ if (kernel32 != NULL)
+ {
+ GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFunc =
+ (GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFuncType) GetProcAddress (kernel32, "GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime");
+ }
+ initialized = TRUE;
+}
+
+# else /* !(_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8) */
+
+# define GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFunc GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime
+
+# endif /* !(_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8) */
+
+#endif /* WINDOWS_NATIVE */
+
+/* This is a wrapper for gettimeofday. It is used only on systems
+ that lack this function, or whose implementation of this function
+ causes problems.
+ Work around the bug in some systems whereby gettimeofday clobbers
+ the static buffer that localtime uses for its return value. The
+ gettimeofday function from Mac OS X 10.0.4 (i.e., Darwin 1.3.7) has
+ this problem. */
+
int
gettimeofday (struct timeval *restrict tv, void *restrict tz)
{
-#if !defined (_WIN32)
+#undef gettimeofday
+#ifdef WINDOWS_NATIVE
+
+ /* On native Windows, there are two ways to get the current time:
+ GetSystemTimeAsFileTime
+ <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/sysinfoapi/nf-sysinfoapi-getsystemtimeasfiletime>
+ or
+ GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime
+ <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/sysinfoapi/nf-sysinfoapi-getsystemtimepreciseasfiletime>.
+ GetSystemTimeAsFileTime produces values that jump by increments of
+ 15.627 milliseconds (!) on average.
+ Whereas GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime values usually jump by 1 or 2
+ microseconds.
+ More discussion on this topic:
+ <http://www.windowstimestamp.com/description>. */
+ FILETIME current_time;
+
+# if !(_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8)
+ if (!initialized)
+ initialize ();
+# endif
+ if (GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFunc != NULL)
+ GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTimeFunc (¤t_time);
+ else
+ GetSystemTimeAsFileTime (¤t_time);
+
+ /* Convert from FILETIME to 'struct timeval'. */
+ /* FILETIME: <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/minwinbase/ns-minwinbase-filetime> */
+ ULONGLONG since_1601 =
+ ((ULONGLONG) current_time.dwHighDateTime << 32)
+ | (ULONGLONG) current_time.dwLowDateTime;
+ /* Between 1601-01-01 and 1970-01-01 there were 280 normal years and 89 leap
+ years, in total 134774 days. */
+ ULONGLONG since_1970 =
+ since_1601 - (ULONGLONG) 134774 * (ULONGLONG) 86400 * (ULONGLONG) 10000000;
+ ULONGLONG microseconds_since_1970 = since_1970 / (ULONGLONG) 10;
+ *tv = (struct timeval) {
+ .tv_sec = microseconds_since_1970 / (ULONGLONG) 1000000,
+ .tv_usec = microseconds_since_1970 % (ULONGLONG) 1000000
+ };
+
+ return 0;
+
+#else /* !WINDOWS_NATIVE */
+
tv->tv_sec = (time_t) time ((time_t *)0);
tv->tv_usec = 0;
-#else
- /* EPOCH is the number of 100 nanosecond intervals from
- January 1, 1601 (UTC) to January 1, 1970.
- (the correct value has 9 trailing zeros) */
- static const uint64_t EPOCH = ((uint64_t) 116444736000000000ULL);
-
- SYSTEMTIME system_time;
- FILETIME file_time;
- uint64_t time;
-
- GetSystemTime(&system_time);
- SystemTimeToFileTime(&system_time, &file_time);
- time = ((uint64_t)file_time.dwLowDateTime);
- time += ((uint64_t)file_time.dwHighDateTime) << 32;
-
- tp->tv_sec = (long) ((time - EPOCH) / 10000000L);
- tp->tv_usec = (long) (system_time.wMilliseconds * 1000);
-#endif
return 0;
+
+#endif /* !WINDOWS_NATIVE */
}
-#endif
+
+#endif /* !HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY */
if (maxgroups > 0)
return maxgroups;
+ /* can also use getgroups (0, NULL) */
+
#if defined (HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX)
maxgroups = sysconf (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
#else
* For VMS dates, add VMS_EXT.
* For complete POSIX semantics, add POSIX_SEMANTICS.
*
- * The code for %c, %x, and %X follows the C99 specification for
+ * The code for %X follows the C99 specification for
* the "C" locale.
*
- * This version ignores LOCALE information.
- * It also doesn't worry about multi-byte characters.
+ * The code for %c, and %x follows the C11 specification for
+ * the "C" locale.
+ *
+ * With HAVE_NL_LANGINFO defined, locale-based values are used.
+ *
+ * This version doesn't worry about multi-byte characters.
* So there.
*
* Arnold Robbins
* Updated December, 2001
* Updated January, 2011
* Updated April, 2012
+ * Updated March, 2015
+ * Updated June, 2015
*
* Fixes from ado@elsie.nci.nih.gov,
* February 1991, May 1992
#include <sys/types.h>
+#if defined(TM_IN_SYS_TIME)
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#endif
+
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <posixtime.h>
extern int errno;
#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+
#if defined (SHELL)
extern char *get_string_value (const char *);
#endif
}
#endif /* POSIX_2008 */
+/* days_a --- return the short name for the day of the week */
+
+static const char *
+days_a(int index)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ static const nl_item data[] = {
+ ABDAY_1,
+ ABDAY_2,
+ ABDAY_3,
+ ABDAY_4,
+ ABDAY_5,
+ ABDAY_6,
+ ABDAY_7,
+ };
+
+ return nl_langinfo(data[index]);
+#else
+ static const char *data[] = {
+ "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed",
+ "Thu", "Fri", "Sat",
+ };
+
+ return data[index];
+#endif
+}
+
+/* days_l --- return the long name for the day of the week */
+
+static const char *
+days_l(int index)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ static const nl_item data[] = {
+ DAY_1,
+ DAY_2,
+ DAY_3,
+ DAY_4,
+ DAY_5,
+ DAY_6,
+ DAY_7,
+ };
+
+ return nl_langinfo(data[index]);
+#else
+ static const char *data[] = {
+ "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
+ "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday",
+ };
+
+ return data[index];
+#endif
+}
+
+/* months_a --- return the short name for the month */
+
+static const char *
+months_a(int index)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ static const nl_item data[] = {
+ ABMON_1,
+ ABMON_2,
+ ABMON_3,
+ ABMON_4,
+ ABMON_5,
+ ABMON_6,
+ ABMON_7,
+ ABMON_8,
+ ABMON_9,
+ ABMON_10,
+ ABMON_11,
+ ABMON_12,
+ };
+
+ return nl_langinfo(data[index]);
+#else
+ static const char *data[] = {
+ "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
+ "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec",
+ };
+
+ return data[index];
+#endif
+}
+
+/* months_l --- return the short name for the month */
+
+static const char *
+months_l(int index)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ static const nl_item data[] = {
+ MON_1,
+ MON_2,
+ MON_3,
+ MON_4,
+ MON_5,
+ MON_6,
+ MON_7,
+ MON_8,
+ MON_9,
+ MON_10,
+ MON_11,
+ MON_12,
+ };
+
+ return nl_langinfo(data[index]);
+#else
+ static const char *data[] = {
+ "January", "February", "March", "April",
+ "May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
+ "October", "November", "December",
+ };
+
+ return data[index];
+#endif
+}
+
+/* days_a --- return am/pm string */
+
+static const char *
+ampm(int index)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ static const nl_item data[] = {
+ AM_STR,
+ PM_STR,
+ };
+
+ return nl_langinfo(data[index]);
+#else
+ static const char *data[] = {
+ "AM", "PM",
+ };
+
+ return data[index];
+#endif
+}
+
/* strftime --- produce formatted time */
size_t
char flag;
#endif /* POSIX_2008 */
- /* various tables, useful in North America */
- static const char *days_a[] = {
- "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed",
- "Thu", "Fri", "Sat",
- };
- static const char *days_l[] = {
- "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
- "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday",
- };
- static const char *months_a[] = {
- "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
- "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec",
- };
- static const char *months_l[] = {
- "January", "February", "March", "April",
- "May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
- "October", "November", "December",
- };
- static const char *ampm[] = { "AM", "PM", };
-
- oerrno = errno;
if (s == NULL || format == NULL || timeptr == NULL || maxsize == 0)
return 0;
if (strchr(format, '%') == NULL && strlen(format) + 1 >= maxsize)
return 0;
+ oerrno = errno;
+
#ifndef POSIX_SEMANTICS
if (first) {
tzset();
if (timeptr->tm_wday < 0 || timeptr->tm_wday > 6)
strcpy(tbuf, "?");
else
- strcpy(tbuf, days_a[timeptr->tm_wday]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, days_a(timeptr->tm_wday));
break;
case 'A': /* full weekday name */
if (timeptr->tm_wday < 0 || timeptr->tm_wday > 6)
strcpy(tbuf, "?");
else
- strcpy(tbuf, days_l[timeptr->tm_wday]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, days_l(timeptr->tm_wday));
break;
case 'b': /* abbreviated month name */
if (timeptr->tm_mon < 0 || timeptr->tm_mon > 11)
strcpy(tbuf, "?");
else
- strcpy(tbuf, months_a[timeptr->tm_mon]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, months_a(timeptr->tm_mon));
break;
case 'B': /* full month name */
if (timeptr->tm_mon < 0 || timeptr->tm_mon > 11)
strcpy(tbuf, "?");
else
- strcpy(tbuf, months_l[timeptr->tm_mon]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, months_l(timeptr->tm_mon));
break;
case 'c': /* appropriate date and time representation */
*
* strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", timeptr);
*
- * Now, per the ISO 1999 C standard, it this:
+ * Per the ISO 1999 C standard, it was this:
+ * strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%A %B %d %T %Y", timeptr);
+ *
+ * Per the ISO 2011 C standard, it is now this:
*/
- strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%A %B %d %T %Y", timeptr);
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, nl_langinfo(D_T_FMT), timeptr);
+#else
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%a %b %e %T %Y", timeptr);
+#endif
break;
case 'C':
case 'p': /* am or pm based on 12-hour clock */
i = range(0, timeptr->tm_hour, 23);
if (i < 12)
- strcpy(tbuf, ampm[0]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, ampm(0));
else
- strcpy(tbuf, ampm[1]);
+ strcpy(tbuf, ampm(1));
break;
case 'r': /* time as %I:%M:%S %p */
break;
case 'x': /* appropriate date representation */
- strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%A %B %d %Y", timeptr);
+ /*
+ * Up to the 2011 standard, this code used:
+ * strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%A %B %d %Y", timeptr);
+ *
+ * Now, per the 2011 C standard, this is:
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, nl_langinfo(D_FMT), timeptr);
+#else
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, "%m/%d/%y", timeptr);
+#endif
break;
case 'X': /* appropriate time representation */
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, nl_langinfo(T_FMT), timeptr);
+#else
goto the_time;
+#endif
break;
case 'y': /* year without a century, 00 - 99 */
* Systems with tzname[] probably have timezone as
* secs west of GMT. Convert to mins east of GMT.
*/
-# if defined(__hpux) || defined (HPUX) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if defined(__hpux) || defined (HPUX) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
off = -timezone / 60;
-# else
+#else
/* ADR: 4 August 2001, fixed this per gazelle@interaccess.com */
off = -(daylight ? altzone : timezone) / 60;
-# endif
+#endif
#else /* !HAVE_TZNAME */
gettimeofday(& tv, & zone);
off = -zone.tz_minuteswest;
#ifdef HPUX_EXT
case 'N': /* Emperor/Era name */
+#ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+ strftime(tbuf, sizeof tbuf, nl_langinfo(ERA), timeptr);
+#else
/* this is essentially the same as the century */
goto century; /* %C */
+#endif
case 'o': /* Emperor/Era year */
goto year; /* %y */
case 'v': /* date as dd-bbb-YYYY */
sprintf(tbuf, "%2d-%3.3s-%4ld",
range(1, timeptr->tm_mday, 31),
- months_a[range(0, timeptr->tm_mon, 11)],
+ months_a(range(0, timeptr->tm_mon, 11)),
timeptr->tm_year + 1900L);
for (i = 3; i < 6; i++)
if (islower(tbuf[i]))
#ifndef NULL
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
+#include <locale.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
"(%%C) Century %C",
"(%%D) date (%%m/%%d/%%y) %D",
"(%%E) Locale extensions (ignored) %E",
- "(%%F) full month name, var length (January..December) %F",
+ "(%%F) year-month-day (YYYY-MM-DD) %F",
"(%%H) hour (24-hour clock, 00..23) %H",
"(%%I) hour (12-hour clock, 01..12) %I",
"(%%M) minute (00..59) %M",
- "(%%N) Emperor/Era Name %N",
+ "(%%N) Emporer/Era Name %N",
"(%%O) Locale extensions (ignored) %O",
"(%%R) time, 24-hour (%%H:%%M) %R",
"(%%S) second (00..60) %S",
"(%%U) week of year, Sunday as first day of week (00..53) %U",
"(%%V) week of year according to ISO 8601 %V",
"(%%W) week of year, Monday as first day of week (00..53) %W",
- "(%%X) appropriate locale time representation (%H:%M:%S) %X",
+ "(%%X) appropriate locale time representation (%%H:%%M:%%S) %X",
"(%%Y) year with century (1970...) %Y",
"(%%Z) timezone (EDT), or blank if timezone not determinable %Z",
"(%%a) locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat) %a",
"(%%b) locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec) %b",
- "(%%c) full date (Sat Nov 4 12:02:33 1989)%n%t%t%t %c",
+ "(%%c) full date + newline (Sat Nov 4 12:02:33 1989)%n%t%t%t %c",
"(%%d) day of the month (01..31) %d",
"(%%e) day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31) %e",
"(%%h) should be same as (%%b) %h",
"(%%k) hour, 24-hour clock, blank pad ( 0..23) %k",
"(%%l) hour, 12-hour clock, blank pad ( 0..12) %l",
"(%%m) month (01..12) %m",
- "(%%o) Emperor/Era Year %o",
+ "(%%o) Emporer/Era Year %o",
"(%%p) locale's AM or PM based on 12-hour clock %p",
"(%%r) time, 12-hour (same as %%I:%%M:%%S %%p) %r",
"(%%u) ISO 8601: Weekday as decimal number [1 (Monday) - 7] %u",
/* main routine. */
int
-main(argc, argv)
-int argc;
-char **argv;
+main(int argc, char **argv)
{
- long time();
-
char *next;
char string[MAXTIME];
long clock;
+ setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+
/* Call the function. */
clock = time((long *) 0);
printf("%s\n", string);
}
- exit(0);
+ return 0;
}
#endif /* TEST_STRFTIME */
typedef ssize_t creadfunc_t (int, char *);
/* Initial memory allocation for automatic growing buffer in zreadlinec */
-#define GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION 16
+#define GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION 64
/* Derived from GNU libc's getline.
The behavior is almost the same as getline. See man getline.
/* Dump contents of file descriptor FD to *OSTR. FN is the filename for
error messages (not used right now). */
-int
+ssize_t
zmapfd (int fd, char **ostr, const char *fn)
{
ssize_t nr;
- int rval;
char lbuf[ZBUFSIZ];
char *result;
size_t rsize, rind;
- rval = 0;
result = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = ZBUFSIZ);
rind = 0;
{
nr = zread (fd, lbuf, sizeof (lbuf));
if (nr == 0)
- {
- rval = rind;
- break;
- }
+ break;
else if (nr < 0)
{
free (result);
else
free (result);
- return rval;
+ return (ssize_t)rind;
}
#include <string.h>
#endif
-#if !defined (HAVE_BCOPY) && (defined (HAVE_STRING_H) || defined (STDC_HEADERS))
-# define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
-#endif
-
#else /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */
#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <string.h>
#endif
-/* Do this after the include, in case string.h prototypes bcopy. */
-#if (defined(HAVE_STRING_H) || defined(STDC_HEADERS)) && !defined(bcopy)
-#define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
-#endif
-
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
-#ifdef _POSIX_VERSION
+
#include <fcntl.h>
-#endif
#endif /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */
#endif
#ifndef emacs
+static void memory_out (void);
+static void *xmalloc (size_t);
+static void *xrealloc (void *, size_t);
+
static void
-memory_out ()
+memory_out (void)
{
write (2, "virtual memory exhausted\n", 25);
exit (1);
}
-static char *
-xmalloc (size)
- unsigned size;
+static void *
+xmalloc (size_t size)
{
- register char *tem = malloc (size);
+ register void *tem = malloc (size);
if (!tem)
memory_out ();
return tem;
}
-static char *
-xrealloc (ptr, size)
- char *ptr;
- unsigned size;
+static void *
+xrealloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
{
- register char *tem = realloc (ptr, size);
+ register void *tem = realloc (ptr, size);
if (!tem)
memory_out ();
for tgetnum, tgetflag and tgetstr to find. */
static char *term_entry;
-static char *tgetst1 ();
+static char *find_capability (char *, char *);
+static char *tgetst1 (char *, char **);
/* Search entry BP for capability CAP.
Return a pointer to the capability (in BP) if found,
0 if not found. */
static char *
-find_capability (bp, cap)
- register char *bp, *cap;
+find_capability (char *bp, char *cap)
{
for (; *bp; bp++)
if (bp[0] == ':'
__private_extern__
int
-tgetnum (cap)
- char *cap;
+tgetnum (char *cap)
{
register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap);
if (!ptr || ptr[-1] != '#')
__private_extern__
int
-tgetflag (cap)
- char *cap;
+tgetflag (char *cap)
{
register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap);
return ptr && ptr[-1] == ':';
__private_extern__
char *
-tgetstr (cap, area)
- char *cap;
- char **area;
+tgetstr (char *cap, char **area)
{
register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap);
if (!ptr || (ptr[-1] != '=' && ptr[-1] != '~'))
or NULL if PTR is NULL. */
static char *
-tgetst1 (ptr, area)
- char *ptr;
- char **area;
+tgetst1 (char *ptr, char **area)
{
register char *p, *r;
register int c;
__private_extern__
int
-tputs (str, nlines, outfun)
- register char *str;
- int nlines;
- register int (*outfun) ();
+tputs (char *str, int nlines, int (*outfun)(int))
{
register int padcount = 0;
register int speed;
/* Forward declarations of static functions. */
-static int scan_file ();
-static char *gobble_line ();
-static int compare_contin ();
-static int name_match ();
+static int scan_file (char *, int, struct buffer *);
+static char *gobble_line (int, struct buffer *, char *);
+static int compare_contin (char *, char *);
+static int name_match (char *, char *);
#ifdef VMS
__private_extern__
int
-tgetent (bp, name)
- char *bp, *name;
+tgetent (char *bp, char *name)
{
register char *termcap_name;
register int fd;
char *term;
int malloc_size = 0;
register int c;
- char *tcenv; /* TERMCAP value, if it contains :tc=. */
+ char *tcenv = NULL; /* TERMCAP value, if it contains :tc=. */
char *indirect = NULL; /* Terminal type in :tc= in TERMCAP value. */
int filep;
or 0 if no entry is found in the file. */
static int
-scan_file (str, fd, bufp)
- char *str;
- int fd;
- register struct buffer *bufp;
+scan_file (char *str, int fd, struct buffer *bufp)
{
register char *end;
by termcap entry LINE. */
static int
-name_match (line, name)
- char *line, *name;
+name_match (char *line, char *name)
{
register char *tem;
}
static int
-compare_contin (str1, str2)
- register char *str1, *str2;
+compare_contin (char *str1, char *str2)
{
register int c1, c2;
while (1)
thing as one line. The caller decides when a line is continued. */
static char *
-gobble_line (fd, bufp, append_end)
- int fd;
- register struct buffer *bufp;
- char *append_end;
+gobble_line (int fd, struct buffer *bufp, char *append_end)
{
register char *end;
register int nread;
else
{
append_end -= bufp->ptr - buf;
- bcopy (bufp->ptr, buf, bufp->full -= bufp->ptr - buf);
+ memcpy (buf, bufp->ptr, bufp->full -= bufp->ptr - buf);
bufp->ptr = buf;
}
if (!(nread = read (fd, buf + bufp->full, bufp->size - bufp->full)))
printf ("am: %d\n", tgetflag ("am"));
}
-tprint (cap)
- char *cap;
+tprint (char *cap)
{
char *x = tgetstr (cap, 0);
register char *y;
#include <string.h>
#endif
-#if !defined (HAVE_BCOPY) && (defined (HAVE_STRING_H) || defined (STDC_HEADERS))
-# define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
-#endif
-
#else /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */
-#if defined(HAVE_STRING_H) || defined(STDC_HEADERS)
-#define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
-#endif
-
#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
exit (1);
}
-static char *
-xmalloc (size)
- unsigned size;
+static void *
+xmalloc (size_t size)
{
- register char *tem = malloc (size);
+ register void *tem = malloc (size);
if (!tem)
memory_out ();
return tem;
}
-static char *
-xrealloc (ptr, size)
- char *ptr;
- unsigned size;
+static void *
+xrealloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
{
- register char *tem = realloc (ptr, size);
+ register void *tem = realloc (ptr, size);
if (!tem)
memory_out ();
The fourth and following args to tparam serve as the parameter values. */
-static char *tparam1 ();
+static char *tparam1 (char *, char *, int, char *, char *, int *);
/* VARARGS 2 */
char *
-tparam (string, outstring, len, arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3)
- char *string;
- char *outstring;
- int len;
- int arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3;
+tparam (char *string, char *outstring, int len, int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3)
{
int arg[4];
__private_extern__
char *
-tgoto (cm, hpos, vpos)
- char *cm;
- int hpos, vpos;
+tgoto (char *cm, int hpos, int vpos)
{
int args[2];
if (!cm)
}
static char *
-tparam1 (string, outstring, len, up, left, argp)
- char *string;
- char *outstring;
- int len;
- char *up, *left;
- register int *argp;
+tparam1 (char *string, char *outstring, int len, char *up, char *left, int *argp)
{
register int c;
register char *p = string;
if (op + 5 >= outend)
{
register char *new;
+ int offset = op - outstring;
+
if (outlen == 0)
{
outlen = len + 40;
new = (char *) xmalloc (outlen);
- outend += 40;
- bcopy (outstring, new, op - outstring);
+ memcpy (new, outstring, offset);
}
else
{
- outend += outlen;
outlen *= 2;
new = (char *) xrealloc (outstring, outlen);
}
- op += new - outstring;
- outend += new - outstring;
+ op = new + offset;
+ outend = new + outlen;
outstring = new;
}
c = *p++;
[am_cv_langinfo_codeset=no])
])
if test $am_cv_langinfo_codeset = yes; then
+ AC_DEFINE([HAVE_NL_LANGINFO], [1])
AC_DEFINE([HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET], [1],
[Define if you have <langinfo.h> and nl_langinfo(CODESET).])
fi
--- /dev/null
+# d-type.m4
+# serial 12
+dnl Copyright (C) 1997, 1999-2004, 2006, 2009-2025 Free Software Foundation,
+dnl Inc.
+dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+dnl This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
+
+dnl From Jim Meyering.
+dnl
+dnl Check whether struct dirent has a member named d_type.
+
+AC_DEFUN([gl_CHECK_TYPE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE],
+ [AC_CACHE_CHECK([for d_type member in directory struct],
+ [gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type],
+ [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+ ]],
+ [[struct dirent dp; dp.d_type = 0;]])],
+ [gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type=yes],
+ [gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type=no])
+ ]
+ )
+ if test $gl_cv_struct_dirent_d_type = yes; then
+ AC_DEFINE([HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE], [1],
+ [Define if there is a member named d_type in the struct describing
+ directory headers.])
+ fi
+ ]
+)
/* parse.y - Yacc grammar for bash. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
case 'u':
if (current_user.user_name == 0)
get_current_user_info ();
- temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (current_user.user_name, 0);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
goto add_string;
case 'h':
+/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 3.8.2. */
+
+/* Bison interface for Yacc-like parsers in C
+
+ Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2015, 2018-2021 Free Software Foundation,
+ Inc.
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
+ part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
+ under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
+ parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
+ as a parser skeleton. Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
+ the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
+ special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
+ Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
+ License without this special exception.
+
+ This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
+ version 2.2 of Bison. */
+
+/* DO NOT RELY ON FEATURES THAT ARE NOT DOCUMENTED in the manual,
+ especially those whose name start with YY_ or yy_. They are
+ private implementation details that can be changed or removed. */
+
+#ifndef YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+# define YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+/* Debug traces. */
+#ifndef YYDEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+#if YYDEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+
+/* Token kinds. */
+#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE
+# define YYTOKENTYPE
+ enum yytokentype
+ {
+ YYEMPTY = -2,
+ YYEOF = 0, /* "end of file" */
+ YYerror = 256, /* error */
+ YYUNDEF = 257, /* "invalid token" */
+ IF = 258, /* IF */
+ THEN = 259, /* THEN */
+ ELSE = 260, /* ELSE */
+ ELIF = 261, /* ELIF */
+ FI = 262, /* FI */
+ CASE = 263, /* CASE */
+ ESAC = 264, /* ESAC */
+ FOR = 265, /* FOR */
+ SELECT = 266, /* SELECT */
+ WHILE = 267, /* WHILE */
+ UNTIL = 268, /* UNTIL */
+ DO = 269, /* DO */
+ DONE = 270, /* DONE */
+ FUNCTION = 271, /* FUNCTION */
+ COPROC = 272, /* COPROC */
+ COND_START = 273, /* COND_START */
+ COND_END = 274, /* COND_END */
+ COND_ERROR = 275, /* COND_ERROR */
+ IN = 276, /* IN */
+ BANG = 277, /* BANG */
+ TIME = 278, /* TIME */
+ TIMEOPT = 279, /* TIMEOPT */
+ TIMEIGN = 280, /* TIMEIGN */
+ WORD = 281, /* WORD */
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD = 282, /* ASSIGNMENT_WORD */
+ REDIR_WORD = 283, /* REDIR_WORD */
+ NUMBER = 284, /* NUMBER */
+ ARITH_CMD = 285, /* ARITH_CMD */
+ ARITH_FOR_EXPRS = 286, /* ARITH_FOR_EXPRS */
+ COND_CMD = 287, /* COND_CMD */
+ AND_AND = 288, /* AND_AND */
+ OR_OR = 289, /* OR_OR */
+ GREATER_GREATER = 290, /* GREATER_GREATER */
+ LESS_LESS = 291, /* LESS_LESS */
+ LESS_AND = 292, /* LESS_AND */
+ LESS_LESS_LESS = 293, /* LESS_LESS_LESS */
+ GREATER_AND = 294, /* GREATER_AND */
+ SEMI_SEMI = 295, /* SEMI_SEMI */
+ SEMI_AND = 296, /* SEMI_AND */
+ SEMI_SEMI_AND = 297, /* SEMI_SEMI_AND */
+ LESS_LESS_MINUS = 298, /* LESS_LESS_MINUS */
+ AND_GREATER = 299, /* AND_GREATER */
+ AND_GREATER_GREATER = 300, /* AND_GREATER_GREATER */
+ LESS_GREATER = 301, /* LESS_GREATER */
+ GREATER_BAR = 302, /* GREATER_BAR */
+ BAR_AND = 303, /* BAR_AND */
+ DOLPAREN = 304, /* DOLPAREN */
+ DOLBRACE = 305, /* DOLBRACE */
+ yacc_EOF = 306 /* yacc_EOF */
+ };
+ typedef enum yytokentype yytoken_kind_t;
+#endif
+/* Token kinds. */
+#define YYEMPTY -2
+#define YYEOF 0
+#define YYerror 256
+#define YYUNDEF 257
+#define IF 258
+#define THEN 259
+#define ELSE 260
+#define ELIF 261
+#define FI 262
+#define CASE 263
+#define ESAC 264
+#define FOR 265
+#define SELECT 266
+#define WHILE 267
+#define UNTIL 268
+#define DO 269
+#define DONE 270
+#define FUNCTION 271
+#define COPROC 272
+#define COND_START 273
+#define COND_END 274
+#define COND_ERROR 275
+#define IN 276
+#define BANG 277
+#define TIME 278
+#define TIMEOPT 279
+#define TIMEIGN 280
+#define WORD 281
+#define ASSIGNMENT_WORD 282
+#define REDIR_WORD 283
+#define NUMBER 284
+#define ARITH_CMD 285
+#define ARITH_FOR_EXPRS 286
+#define COND_CMD 287
+#define AND_AND 288
+#define OR_OR 289
+#define GREATER_GREATER 290
+#define LESS_LESS 291
+#define LESS_AND 292
+#define LESS_LESS_LESS 293
+#define GREATER_AND 294
+#define SEMI_SEMI 295
+#define SEMI_AND 296
+#define SEMI_SEMI_AND 297
+#define LESS_LESS_MINUS 298
+#define AND_GREATER 299
+#define AND_GREATER_GREATER 300
+#define LESS_GREATER 301
+#define GREATER_BAR 302
+#define BAR_AND 303
+#define DOLPAREN 304
+#define DOLBRACE 305
+#define yacc_EOF 306
+
+/* Value type. */
+#if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED
+union YYSTYPE
+{
+#line 375 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y"
+
+ WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */
+ int number; /* the number that we read. */
+ WORD_LIST *word_list;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+ ELEMENT element;
+ PATTERN_LIST *pattern;
+
+#line 179 "y.tab.h"
+
+};
+typedef union YYSTYPE YYSTYPE;
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1
+#endif
+
+
+extern YYSTYPE yylval;
+
+
+int yyparse (void);
+
+
+#endif /* !YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED */
/* patchlevel.h -- current bash patch level */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
#
# Tomislav Krznar <tomislav.krznar@gmail.com>, 2012, 2013.
-# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023.
+# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018-2025.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash-5.2-rc1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 11:51-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-03-31 18:43-0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-11 14:50-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-03-26 20:56-0700\n"
"Last-Translator: Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Croatian <lokalizacija@linux.hr>\n"
"Language: hr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
-"n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n"
-#: arrayfunc.c:63
+#: arrayfunc.c:66
msgid "bad array subscript"
msgstr "loši indeks polja"
-#: arrayfunc.c:466 builtins/declare.def:748 variables.c:2196 variables.c:2225
-#: variables.c:3099
+#: arrayfunc.c:471 builtins/declare.def:709 variables.c:2242 variables.c:2268
+#: variables.c:3101
#, c-format
msgid "%s: removing nameref attribute"
msgstr "%s: uklanjamo atribut nameref"
-#: arrayfunc.c:493 builtins/declare.def:920
+#: arrayfunc.c:496 builtins/declare.def:868
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće pretvoriti indeksirano polje u asocijativno polje"
-#: arrayfunc.c:789
+#: arrayfunc.c:777
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"
msgstr "%s: nenumerički indeks nije moguć"
-#: arrayfunc.c:841
+#: arrayfunc.c:822
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: indeks je nužan pri dodjeli asocijativnom polju"
-#: bashhist.c:464
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot create"
+#: bashhist.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće stvoriti: %s"
-#: bashline.c:4628
+#: bashline.c:4479
msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
-msgstr ""
-"bash_execute_unix_command: nije moguće pronaći prečac (keymap) za naredbu"
+msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: nije moguće pronaći prečac (keymap) za naredbu"
-#: bashline.c:4799
+#: bashline.c:4637
#, c-format
msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
-msgstr "%s: prvi ne bijeli znak nije â\80\9e\"â\80\9c"
+msgstr "%s: prvi ne bijeli znak nije â\80\9e\"â\80\9d"
-#: bashline.c:4828
+#: bashline.c:4666
#, c-format
msgid "no closing `%c' in %s"
-msgstr "nema zakljuÄ\8dnog â\80\9e%câ\80\9c u %s"
+msgstr "nema zakljuÄ\8dnog â\80\9e%câ\80\9d u %s"
-#: bashline.c:4859
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: missing separator"
-msgstr "%s: nedostaje separator (dvotočka)"
+#: bashline.c:4697
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: missing colon separator"
+msgstr "%s: nema separatora (dvotočka)"
-#: bashline.c:4906
+#: bashline.c:4733
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind in command keymap"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nije moguće razvezati prečac (keymap) za naredbu"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nije moguće razvezati prečac (keymap) za naredbu"
-#: braces.c:320
+#: braces.c:327
#, c-format
msgid "brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s"
msgstr "zamjena vitičastih zagrada: nema dovoljno memorije za %s"
# Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated
-#: braces.c:383
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %s elements"
+#: braces.c:406
+#, c-format
+msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %u elements"
msgstr "zamjena vitičastih zagrada: nema dovoljno memorije za %u elemenata"
-#: braces.c:442
+#: braces.c:451
#, c-format
msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'"
-msgstr "zamjena vitiÄ\8dastih zagrada: nema dovoljno memorije za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "zamjena vitiÄ\8dastih zagrada: nema dovoljno memorije za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: builtins/alias.def:131 variables.c:1789
+#: builtins/alias.def:131 variables.c:1817
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid alias name"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: ime aliasa nije valjano"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: ime aliasa nije valjano"
-#: builtins/bind.def:123
+#: builtins/bind.def:122 builtins/bind.def:125
msgid "line editing not enabled"
msgstr "nije omogućeno uređivanje redaka"
-#: builtins/bind.def:208
+#: builtins/bind.def:212
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nevaljano ime za prečac (keymap)"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nevaljano ime za prečac (keymap)"
-#: builtins/bind.def:277
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot read"
+#: builtins/bind.def:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće pročitati: %s"
-#: builtins/bind.def:353 builtins/bind.def:382
+#: builtins/bind.def:328 builtins/bind.def:358
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': unknown function name"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nepoznato ime funkcije"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nepoznato ime funkcije"
-#: builtins/bind.def:361
+#: builtins/bind.def:336
#, c-format
msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n"
msgstr "%s nije vezan na nijednu tipku.\n"
-#: builtins/bind.def:365
+#: builtins/bind.def:340
#, c-format
msgid "%s can be invoked via "
msgstr "%s se može pozvati s prečacem "
-#: builtins/bind.def:401 builtins/bind.def:418
+#: builtins/bind.def:378 builtins/bind.def:395
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nije moguće razvezati"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nije moguće razvezati"
-#: builtins/break.def:80 builtins/break.def:125
+#: builtins/break.def:77 builtins/break.def:119
msgid "loop count"
msgstr "broj ponavljanja petlje"
-#: builtins/break.def:145
+#: builtins/break.def:139
msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"
-msgstr "ima smisla samo u â\80\9eforâ\80\9c, â\80\9ewhileâ\80\9c ili â\80\9euntilâ\80\9c petljama"
+msgstr "ima smisla samo u â\80\9eforâ\80\9d, â\80\9ewhileâ\80\9d ili â\80\9euntilâ\80\9d petljama"
-#: builtins/caller.def:135
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins/caller.def:136
msgid ""
"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" provide a stack trace.\n"
" \n"
" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
-" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n"
-" \n"
-" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
-" is invalid."
+" current one; the top frame is frame 0."
msgstr ""
"Vrati kontekst trenutnog poziva funkciji.\n"
"\n"
-" Bez IZRAZA, vrati „$line $filename“. Ako je dan IZRAZ, onda vrati\n"
-" „$line $subroutine $filename“; ova dodatna informacija može poslužiti "
-"za\n"
-" stvaranje „stack trace“.\n"
-"\n"
-" Vrijednost IZRAZA naznačuje koliko ciklusa se treba vratiti\n"
-" unatrag od trenutne pozicije; trenutni ciklus ima vrijednost 0.\n"
+" Bez IZRAZA, vrati „$line $filename”. S IZRAZOM, vrati\n"
+" „$line $subroutine $filename”; ovi dodatni podaci mogu poslužiti\n"
+" za „stack trace”.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako ljuska ne izvršava ljuskinu funkciju\n"
-" ili je IZRAZ nevaljan."
+" Vrijednost IZRAZA pokazuje koliko se razina poziva treba vratiti unatrag od\n"
+" trenutne pozicije, s time da je pozicija 0 trenutna pozicija."
-#: builtins/cd.def:321
+#: builtins/cd.def:327
msgid "HOME not set"
msgstr "HOME nije definiran"
-#: builtins/cd.def:329 builtins/common.c:143 builtins/fc.def:293 test.c:946
+#: builtins/cd.def:335 builtins/common.c:161 test.c:916
msgid "too many arguments"
msgstr "previše argumenata"
-#: builtins/cd.def:335
+#: builtins/cd.def:342
msgid "null directory"
msgstr "null-direktorij"
-#: builtins/cd.def:345
+#: builtins/cd.def:353
msgid "OLDPWD not set"
msgstr "OLDPWD nije definiran"
-#: builtins/common.c:91
+#: builtins/common.c:96
#, c-format
msgid "line %d: "
msgstr "redak %d: "
-#: builtins/common.c:117 error.c:227
+#: builtins/common.c:134 error.c:264
#, c-format
msgid "warning: "
msgstr "upozorenje: "
-#: builtins/common.c:131
+#: builtins/common.c:148
#, c-format
msgid "%s: usage: "
msgstr "%s: uporaba: "
-#: builtins/common.c:178 shell.c:524 shell.c:865
+#: builtins/common.c:193 shell.c:524 shell.c:866
#, c-format
msgid "%s: option requires an argument"
msgstr "%s: opcija zahtijeva argument"
-#: builtins/common.c:184
+#: builtins/common.c:200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: numeric argument required"
msgstr "%s: nužan je numerički argument"
-#: builtins/common.c:190
+#: builtins/common.c:207
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not found"
msgstr "%s: nije nađeno"
-#: builtins/common.c:198 shell.c:878
+#: builtins/common.c:216 shell.c:879
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana opcija"
-#: builtins/common.c:204
+#: builtins/common.c:223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option name"
msgstr "%s: nevaljano ime za opciju"
-#: builtins/common.c:210 error.c:461
+#: builtins/common.c:230 execute_cmd.c:2402 general.c:368 general.c:373
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nije valjano ime"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nije valjano ime"
-#: builtins/common.c:219
+#: builtins/common.c:240
msgid "invalid octal number"
msgstr "nevaljan oktalni broj"
-#: builtins/common.c:221
+#: builtins/common.c:242
msgid "invalid hex number"
-msgstr "nevaljan heksadecimalni broj"
+msgstr "nevaljan heksadekadski broj"
-#: builtins/common.c:223 expr.c:1559 expr.c:1573
+#: builtins/common.c:244 expr.c:1574
msgid "invalid number"
msgstr "nevaljani broj"
-#: builtins/common.c:230
+#: builtins/common.c:252
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid signal specification"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana specifikacija signala"
-#: builtins/common.c:236
+#: builtins/common.c:259
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nije PID ili nije valjana oznaka posla"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nije PID ili nije valjana oznaka posla"
-#: builtins/common.c:242 error.c:455
+#: builtins/common.c:266 error.c:536
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly variable"
msgstr "%s: je samo-za-čitanje varijabla"
-#: builtins/common.c:248
+#: builtins/common.c:273
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće pridružiti"
-#: builtins/common.c:255
+#: builtins/common.c:281
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s out of range"
msgstr "%s: %s je izvan raspona"
-#: builtins/common.c:255 builtins/common.c:257
+#: builtins/common.c:281 builtins/common.c:283
msgid "argument"
msgstr "argument"
-#: builtins/common.c:257
+#: builtins/common.c:283
#, c-format
msgid "%s out of range"
msgstr "%s je izvan raspona"
-#: builtins/common.c:264
+#: builtins/common.c:291
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no such job"
msgstr "%s: nema takvog posla"
-#: builtins/common.c:271
+#: builtins/common.c:299
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no job control"
msgstr "%s: nema upravljanja poslovima"
-#: builtins/common.c:273
+#: builtins/common.c:301
msgid "no job control"
msgstr "nema upravljanja poslovima"
-#: builtins/common.c:279
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: invalid job specification"
-msgstr "%s: nevaljana specifikacija za istek vremena (timeout)"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:289
+#: builtins/common.c:311
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted"
msgstr "%s: ograničeni način rada"
-#: builtins/common.c:291
+#: builtins/common.c:313
msgid "restricted"
msgstr "ograničeni način rada"
-#: builtins/common.c:298
+#: builtins/common.c:321
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a shell builtin"
msgstr "%s: nije ugrađena naredba ljuske"
-#: builtins/common.c:307
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "write error"
+#: builtins/common.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "greška pisanja: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:314
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error setting terminal attributes"
+#: builtins/common.c:338
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
msgstr "greška pri postavljanju svojstava terminala: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:316
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error getting terminal attributes"
+#: builtins/common.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
msgstr "greška pri preuzimanju svojstava terminala: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:611
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error retrieving current directory"
+#: builtins/common.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: greška u određivanju trenutnog direktorija: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:675 builtins/common.c:677
+#: builtins/common.c:708 builtins/common.c:710
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: dvosmislena oznaka posla"
-#: builtins/common.c:709
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: job specification requires leading `%%'"
-msgstr "%s: opcija zahtijeva argument"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:937
+#: builtins/common.c:971
msgid "help not available in this version"
msgstr "u ovoj inačici pomoć nije dostupna"
-#: builtins/common.c:1005
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
-msgstr "%s: nije indeksirano polje"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:1028 builtins/set.def:964 variables.c:3868
+#: builtins/common.c:1038 builtins/set.def:953 variables.c:3825
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izbrisati: %s je samo-za-čitanje"
-#: builtins/common.c:1033 builtins/set.def:930 variables.c:3873
+#: builtins/common.c:1043 builtins/set.def:932 variables.c:3830
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izbrisati"
-#: builtins/complete.def:285
+#: builtins/complete.def:287
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid action name"
msgstr "%s: nevaljano ime za akciju"
-#: builtins/complete.def:501 builtins/complete.def:644
-#: builtins/complete.def:899
+#: builtins/complete.def:486 builtins/complete.def:642
+#: builtins/complete.def:873
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no completion specification"
msgstr "%s: nema specifikacije za dovršavanje"
-#: builtins/complete.def:703
+#: builtins/complete.def:696
msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "upozorenje: opcija -F možda neće raditi prema očekivanju"
-#: builtins/complete.def:705
+#: builtins/complete.def:698
msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "upozorenje: opcija -C možda neće raditi prema očekivanju"
-#: builtins/complete.def:872
+#: builtins/complete.def:846
msgid "not currently executing completion function"
msgstr "funkcija dovršavanja trenutno ne radi"
-#: builtins/declare.def:139
+#: builtins/declare.def:137
msgid "can only be used in a function"
msgstr "može se koristiti samo u funkciji"
-#: builtins/declare.def:471
+#: builtins/declare.def:437
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
-msgstr "â\80\9e-fâ\80\9c se ne može koristiti za definiranje funkcija"
+msgstr "â\80\9e-fâ\80\9d nije moguÄ\87e koristiti za definiranje funkcija"
-#: builtins/declare.def:499 execute_cmd.c:6294
+#: builtins/declare.def:464 execute_cmd.c:6132
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: je samo-za-čitanje funkcija"
-#: builtins/declare.def:556 builtins/declare.def:843
+#: builtins/declare.def:521 builtins/declare.def:804
#, c-format
msgid "%s: reference variable cannot be an array"
msgstr "%s: referentna varijabla ne može biti polje (array)"
-#: builtins/declare.def:567 variables.c:3346
+#: builtins/declare.def:532 variables.c:3359
#, c-format
msgid "%s: nameref variable self references not allowed"
msgstr "%s: nameref varijablu nije dopušteno samoreferencirati"
-#: builtins/declare.def:572 variables.c:2035 variables.c:3343
+#: builtins/declare.def:537 variables.c:2072 variables.c:3278 variables.c:3286
+#: variables.c:3356
#, c-format
msgid "%s: circular name reference"
msgstr "%s: kružna referencija imena"
-#: builtins/declare.def:576 builtins/declare.def:850 builtins/declare.def:859
+#: builtins/declare.def:541 builtins/declare.def:811 builtins/declare.def:820
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid variable name for name reference"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nevaljano ime varijable za referenciju imena"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nevaljano ime varijable za referenciju imena"
-#: builtins/declare.def:908
+#: builtins/declare.def:856
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće uništiti varijable polja na ovaj način"
-#: builtins/declare.def:914
+#: builtins/declare.def:862 builtins/read.def:887
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće pretvoriti asocijativno u indeksirano polje"
-#: builtins/declare.def:943
+#: builtins/declare.def:891
#, c-format
msgid "%s: quoted compound array assignment deprecated"
msgstr "%s: dodjela vrijednosti u navodnicima složenom polju je zastarjela"
-#: builtins/enable.def:149 builtins/enable.def:157
+#: builtins/enable.def:145 builtins/enable.def:153
msgid "dynamic loading not available"
msgstr "dinamičko učitavanje nije dostupno"
-#: builtins/enable.def:389
+#: builtins/enable.def:376
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s"
-msgstr "nije moguće otvoriti dijeljeni objekt %s: %s"
-
-#: builtins/enable.def:408
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: builtin names may not contain slashes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "nije moguće otvoriti zajednički objekt %s: %s"
-#: builtins/enable.def:423
+#: builtins/enable.def:405
#, c-format
msgid "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s"
msgstr "nije moguće pronaći %s u dijeljenom objektu %s: %s"
-#: builtins/enable.def:440
+#: builtins/enable.def:422
#, c-format
msgid "%s: dynamic builtin already loaded"
msgstr "%s: dinamički učitljiva ugrađena naredba već je učitana"
-#: builtins/enable.def:444
+#: builtins/enable.def:426
#, c-format
msgid "load function for %s returns failure (%d): not loaded"
msgstr "funkcija učitavanja za %s završila je s greškom (%d): nije učitano"
-#: builtins/enable.def:565
+#: builtins/enable.def:551
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not dynamically loaded"
msgstr "%s: nije dinamički učitan"
-#: builtins/enable.def:591
+#: builtins/enable.def:577
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izbrisati: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:137 builtins/hash.def:190 execute_cmd.c:6114
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:138 builtins/hash.def:185 execute_cmd.c:5959
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgstr "%s: je direktorij"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:143
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:144
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a regular file"
msgstr "%s: nije obična datoteka"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:152
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:153
#, c-format
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: datoteka je prevelika"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:189 builtins/evalfile.c:207 execute_cmd.c:6196
-#: shell.c:1690
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot execute binary file"
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:188 builtins/evalfile.c:206 shell.c:1673
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izvršiti binarnu datoteku"
-#: builtins/evalstring.c:478
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: ignoring function definition attempt"
-msgstr "greška pri uvozu definicije funkcije za „%s“"
-
-#: builtins/exec.def:157 builtins/exec.def:159 builtins/exec.def:248
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot execute"
+#: builtins/exec.def:158 builtins/exec.def:160 builtins/exec.def:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izvršiti: %s"
-#: builtins/exit.def:61
+#: builtins/exit.def:64
#, c-format
msgid "logout\n"
msgstr "odjavljen\n"
-#: builtins/exit.def:85
+#: builtins/exit.def:89
msgid "not login shell: use `exit'"
-msgstr "nije prijavna ljuska; koristite â\80\9eexitâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "nije prijavna ljuska; koristite â\80\9eexitâ\80\9d"
# stopped > pauzirano ili zaustavljeno
-#: builtins/exit.def:116
+#: builtins/exit.def:121
#, c-format
msgid "There are stopped jobs.\n"
msgstr "Ima zaustavljenih poslova.\n"
-#: builtins/exit.def:118
+#: builtins/exit.def:123
#, c-format
msgid "There are running jobs.\n"
msgstr "Ima pokrenutih poslova.\n"
-#: builtins/fc.def:284 builtins/fc.def:391 builtins/fc.def:435
+#: builtins/fc.def:275 builtins/fc.def:373 builtins/fc.def:417
msgid "no command found"
msgstr "nijedna naredba nije nađena"
-#: builtins/fc.def:381 builtins/fc.def:386 builtins/fc.def:425
-#: builtins/fc.def:430
+#: builtins/fc.def:363 builtins/fc.def:368 builtins/fc.def:407
+#: builtins/fc.def:412
msgid "history specification"
msgstr "specifikacija povijesti"
-#: builtins/fc.def:462
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot open temp file"
+#: builtins/fc.def:444
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s"
msgstr "%s: Nije moguće otvoriti privremenu datoteku: %s"
-#: builtins/fg_bg.def:150 builtins/jobs.def:293
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:152 builtins/jobs.def:284
msgid "current"
msgstr "trenutno"
-#: builtins/fg_bg.def:159
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:161
#, c-format
msgid "job %d started without job control"
msgstr "posao %d započet je bez upravljanja poslovima"
msgid "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"
msgstr "%s: opcija zahtijeva argument -- %c\n"
-#: builtins/hash.def:88
+#: builtins/hash.def:91
msgid "hashing disabled"
msgstr "hash-iranje (memoriranje) nije omogućeno"
-#: builtins/hash.def:144
+#: builtins/hash.def:139
#, c-format
msgid "%s: hash table empty\n"
msgstr "%s: hash tablica je prazna\n"
#: builtins/help.def:185
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
+msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
msgstr ""
-"Nema pomoÄ\87i za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c.\n"
-"PokuÅ¡ajte s â\80\9ehelp helpâ\80\9c, â\80\9eman -k %sâ\80\9c ili â\80\9einfo %sâ\80\9c."
+"Nema pomoÄ\87i za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d.\n"
+"PokuÅ¡ajte s â\80\9ehelp helpâ\80\9d, â\80\9eman -k %sâ\80\9d ili â\80\9einfo %sâ\80\9d."
-#: builtins/help.def:214
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot open"
-msgstr "obustava nije moguća"
+#: builtins/help.def:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
+msgstr "%s: Nije moguće otvoriti: %s"
-#: builtins/help.def:500
+#: builtins/help.def:523
#, c-format
msgid ""
"These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n"
"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
-"Ove bash naredbe su interno definirane. Utipkajte (bez navodnika) â\80\9ehelpâ\80\9c\n"
+"Ove bash naredbe su interno definirane. Utipkajte (bez navodnika) â\80\9ehelpâ\80\9d\n"
"da vidite popis tih naredbi.\n"
-"Utipkajte â\80\9ehelp imeâ\80\9c za viÅ¡e uputa o naredbi â\80\9eimeâ\80\9c.\n"
-"Koristite â\80\9einfo bashâ\80\9c za detaljnije informacije i upute o ljusci.\n"
-"Koristite â\80\9eman -k ...â\80\9c ili â\80\9einfo ...â\80\9c za više podataka o ostalim naredbama.\n"
+"Utipkajte â\80\9ehelp imeâ\80\9d za viÅ¡e uputa o naredbi â\80\9eimeâ\80\9d.\n"
+"Koristite â\80\9einfo bashâ\80\9d za detaljnije informacije i upute o ljusci.\n"
+"Koristite â\80\9eman -k ...â\80\9d ili â\80\9einfo ...â\80\9d za više podataka o ostalim naredbama.\n"
"\n"
"Zvjezdica (*) pokraj imena znači da je naredba onemogućena.\n"
"\n"
-#: builtins/history.def:162
+#: builtins/history.def:159
msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw"
msgstr "moguć je samo jedan od -a, -n, -r ili -w"
-#: builtins/history.def:195 builtins/history.def:207 builtins/history.def:218
-#: builtins/history.def:243 builtins/history.def:250
+#: builtins/history.def:192 builtins/history.def:204 builtins/history.def:215
+#: builtins/history.def:228 builtins/history.def:240 builtins/history.def:247
msgid "history position"
msgstr "pozicija u povijesti"
-#: builtins/history.def:278
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "empty filename"
-msgstr "prazno ime varijable polja"
-
-#: builtins/history.def:280 subst.c:8215
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
-msgstr "%s: parametar je prazan ili nedefiniran"
-
-#: builtins/history.def:349
+#: builtins/history.def:338
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid timestamp"
msgstr "%s: nevaljan vremenski žig"
-#: builtins/history.def:457
+#: builtins/history.def:449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: history expansion failed"
msgstr "%s: proširenje povijesti nije uspjelo"
+#: builtins/inlib.def:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: inlib failed"
+msgstr "%s: „inlib” nije uspio"
+
#: builtins/jobs.def:109
msgid "no other options allowed with `-x'"
-msgstr "uz â\80\9e-xâ\80\9c nije dopuštena nijedna druga opcija"
+msgstr "uz â\80\9e-xâ\80\9d nije dopuštena nijedna druga opcija"
-#: builtins/kill.def:213
+#: builtins/kill.def:211
#, c-format
msgid "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs"
msgstr "%s: argumenti moraju biti ID-ovi procesa ili ID-ovi posla"
-#: builtins/kill.def:275
+#: builtins/kill.def:274
msgid "Unknown error"
msgstr "Nepoznata greška"
-#: builtins/let.def:96 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:633 expr.c:651
+#: builtins/let.def:97 builtins/let.def:122 expr.c:640 expr.c:658
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "očekivan je izraz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:373
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:180
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
+msgstr "%s: nije indeksirano polje"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:276 builtins/read.def:336
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana specifikacija deskriptora datoteke"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:257 builtins/read.def:380
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "invalid file descriptor"
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:284 builtins/read.def:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: nevaljan deskriptor datoteke: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:266 builtins/mapfile.def:304
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:293 builtins/mapfile.def:331
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: nevaljan broj (količina) redaka"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:277
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:304
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: nevaljan početak polja (nevaljan indeks polja)"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:294
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:321
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana količina (redaka između poziva)"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:327
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:354
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "prazno ime varijable polja"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:347
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:375
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "nužna je podrška za varijable (vrsta) polje"
-#: builtins/printf.def:477
+#: builtins/printf.def:430
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': missing format character"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nedostaje znak u specifikaciji formata"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nema znaka za format"
-#: builtins/printf.def:603
+#: builtins/printf.def:485
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid time format specification"
-msgstr "„%c“: nevaljana specifikacija za format vremena"
-
-#: builtins/printf.def:705
-msgid "string length"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "„%c”: nevaljana specifikacija za format vremena"
-#: builtins/printf.def:805
+#: builtins/printf.def:708
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid format character"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: nevaljan znak u specifikaciji formata"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: nevaljan znak u specifikaciji formata"
-#: builtins/printf.def:922
+#: builtins/printf.def:734
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: %s: %s"
+msgstr "upozorenje: %s: %s"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:822
#, c-format
msgid "format parsing problem: %s"
msgstr "problem s raščlanjivanjem formata: %s"
-#: builtins/printf.def:1107
+#: builtins/printf.def:919
msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
-msgstr "nedostaje heksadecimalna znamenka za \\x"
+msgstr "nema heksadekadske znamenke za \\x"
-#: builtins/printf.def:1122
+#: builtins/printf.def:934
#, c-format
msgid "missing unicode digit for \\%c"
-msgstr "nedostaje unikodna (unicode) znamenka za \\%c"
+msgstr "nema unicode znamenke za \\%c"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:198
+#: builtins/pushd.def:199
msgid "no other directory"
msgstr "nema drugog direktorija"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:358 builtins/pushd.def:383
+#: builtins/pushd.def:360
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid argument"
msgstr "%s: nevaljan argument"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:501
+#: builtins/pushd.def:480
msgid "<no current directory>"
msgstr "<nema trenutnog direktorija>"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:543
+#: builtins/pushd.def:524
msgid "directory stack empty"
msgstr "stȏg direktorija je prazan"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:545
+#: builtins/pushd.def:526
msgid "directory stack index"
msgstr "indeks stȏga direktorija"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:708
+#: builtins/pushd.def:701
msgid ""
"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
" \twith its position in the stack\n"
" \n"
" Arguments:\n"
-" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
" \n"
-" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
msgstr ""
"Pokaže popis trenutno zapamćenih direktorija. Direktoriji se unose\n"
-" na popis pomoÄ\87u naredbe â\80\9epushdâ\80\9c, a s naredbom â\80\9epopdâ\80\9c se uklanjaju.\n"
+" na popis pomoÄ\87u naredbe â\80\9epushdâ\80\9d, a s naredbom â\80\9epopdâ\80\9d se uklanjaju.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -c ukloni stȏg direktorija brisanjem svih elemenata\n"
" -l ispiše apsolutne staze direktorija u odnosu na vaš vlastiti\n"
" direktorij (ne skraćuje staze upotrebom tilde)\n"
" -p ispiše sadržaj stȏga po jedan direktorij po retku\n"
-" -v kao â\80\9e-pâ\80\9c, ali s prefiksom koji pokazuje\n"
+" -v kao â\80\9e-pâ\80\9d, ali s prefiksom koji pokazuje\n"
" poziciju direktorija u stȏgu\n"
"\n"
" Argumenti:\n"
" +N Pokaže N-ti direktorij iz stȏga, brojeći od od nule s\n"
-" lijeve strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c pokrene bez opcija.\n"
+" lijeve strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d pokrene bez opcija.\n"
" -N Pokaže N-ti direktorij iz stȏga, brojeći od nule s\n"
-" desne strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c pokrene bez opcija."
+" desne strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d pokrene bez opcija."
-#: builtins/pushd.def:730
+#: builtins/pushd.def:723
msgid ""
"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
" direktorije u stȏg, odnosno samo manipulira sa stȏgom\n"
"\n"
" Argumenti:\n"
-" +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule "
-"s\n"
-" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh "
-"stȏga.\n"
-" -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule "
-"s\n"
-" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh "
-"stȏga.\n"
+" +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n"
+" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs”) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n"
+" -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n"
+" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs”) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n"
" DIREKTORIJ Doda DIREKTORIJ na vrh stȏga direktorija i\n"
" učini ga novim trenutnim radnim direktorijem.\n"
"\n"
-" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija."
+" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija."
-#: builtins/pushd.def:755
+#: builtins/pushd.def:748
msgid ""
"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
msgstr ""
"Ukloni zapise iz stȏga direktorija. Bez argumenata, ukloni direktorij na\n"
-" vrhu stȏga i učini da je trenutni radni direktorij jednak novom "
-"direktoriju\n"
+" vrhu stȏga i učini da je trenutni radni direktorij jednak novom direktoriju\n"
" na vrhu stȏga.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
"\n"
" Argumenti:\n"
" +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s lijeve\n"
-" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c. Na primjer: â\80\9epopd +0â\80\9c\n"
-" ukloni prvi, a â\80\9epopd +1â\80\9c ukloni drugi direktorij.\n"
+" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d. Na primjer: â\80\9epopd +0â\80\9d\n"
+" ukloni prvi, a â\80\9epopd +1â\80\9d ukloni drugi direktorij.\n"
" +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s desne\n"
-" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c. Na primjer.: â\80\9epopd -0â\80\9c\n"
-" ukloni zadnji, a â\80\9epopd -1â\80\9c ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n"
+" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d. Na primjer.: â\80\9epopd -0â\80\9d\n"
+" ukloni zadnji, a â\80\9epopd -1â\80\9d ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n"
"\n"
-" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija."
+" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija."
-#: builtins/read.def:346
+#: builtins/read.def:308
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana specifikacija za istek vremena (timeout)"
-#: builtins/read.def:909
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "read error"
+#: builtins/read.def:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "read error: %d: %s"
msgstr "greška čitanja: %d: %s"
-#: builtins/return.def:73
+#: builtins/return.def:68
msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script"
-msgstr ""
-"„return“ je moguć samo iz funkcije ili iz skripte pokrenute sa „source”"
+msgstr "„return” je moguć samo iz funkcije ili iz skripte pokrenute sa „source”"
-#: builtins/set.def:863
+#: builtins/set.def:869
msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"
msgstr "nije moguće istovremeno poništiti funkciju i varijablu"
-#: builtins/set.def:981
+#: builtins/set.def:969
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not an array variable"
msgstr "%s: nije varijabla (vrste) polja"
-#: builtins/setattr.def:187
+#: builtins/setattr.def:189
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a function"
msgstr "%s: nije funkcija"
-#: builtins/setattr.def:192
+#: builtins/setattr.def:194
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot export"
msgstr "%s: Nije moguće izvesti (export)"
-#: builtins/shift.def:74 builtins/shift.def:86
+#: builtins/shift.def:72 builtins/shift.def:79
msgid "shift count"
msgstr "broj (veličina) pomaka"
-#: builtins/shopt.def:332
+#: builtins/shopt.def:323
msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously"
msgstr "nije moguće istovremeno postaviti i poništiti opcije ljuske"
-#: builtins/shopt.def:457
+#: builtins/shopt.def:444
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell option name"
msgstr "%s: nevaljano ime za opciju ljuske"
-#: builtins/source.def:143
+#: builtins/source.def:128
msgid "filename argument required"
msgstr "ime datoteke je nužno kao argument"
-#: builtins/source.def:179
+#: builtins/source.def:154
#, c-format
msgid "%s: file not found"
msgstr "%s: datoteka nije pronađena"
-#: builtins/suspend.def:105
+#: builtins/suspend.def:102
msgid "cannot suspend"
msgstr "obustava nije moguća"
-#: builtins/suspend.def:111
+#: builtins/suspend.def:112
msgid "cannot suspend a login shell"
msgstr "nije moguće obustaviti prijavnu ljusku"
-#: builtins/test.def:146 test.c:926
-msgid "missing `]'"
-msgstr "nedostaje „]“"
-
-#: builtins/type.def:231
+#: builtins/type.def:235
#, c-format
msgid "%s is aliased to `%s'\n"
-msgstr "%s je alias za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c\n"
+msgstr "%s je alias za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:252
+#: builtins/type.def:256
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a shell keyword\n"
msgstr "%s je ključna riječ ljuske\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:270 builtins/type.def:314
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s is a special shell builtin\n"
-msgstr "%s je specijalna ugrađena funkcija ljuske\n"
-
-#: builtins/type.def:289
+#: builtins/type.def:275
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a function\n"
msgstr "%s je funkcija\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:316
+#: builtins/type.def:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a special shell builtin\n"
+msgstr "%s je specijalna ugrađena funkcija ljuske\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:301
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n"
msgstr "%s je ugrađena funkcija ljuske\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:338 builtins/type.def:425
+#: builtins/type.def:323 builtins/type.def:408
#, c-format
msgid "%s is %s\n"
msgstr "%s je %s\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:358
+#: builtins/type.def:343
#, c-format
msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n"
msgstr "%s je zapamćen (hashed) (%s)\n"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:401
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:400
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid limit argument"
msgstr "%s: nevaljan argument za ograničenje"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:427
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:426
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': bad command"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: loša naredba"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: loša naredba"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:463 builtins/ulimit.def:733
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot get limit"
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće odrediti vrijednost ograničenja: %s"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:496
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:490
msgid "limit"
msgstr "ograničenje"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:509 builtins/ulimit.def:797
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot modify limit"
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:502 builtins/ulimit.def:802
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće promijeniti ograničenja: %s"
-#: builtins/umask.def:114
+#: builtins/umask.def:115
msgid "octal number"
msgstr "oktalni broj"
-#: builtins/umask.def:256
+#: builtins/umask.def:232
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: nevaljan operator u simboličnom načinu"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: nevaljan operator u simboličnom načinu"
-#: builtins/umask.def:341
+#: builtins/umask.def:287
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: nevaljan znak u simboličnom načinu"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: nevaljan znak u simboličnom načinu"
-#: error.c:83 error.c:311 error.c:313 error.c:315
+#: error.c:89 error.c:373 error.c:375 error.c:377
msgid " line "
msgstr " redak "
-#: error.c:151
+#: error.c:164
#, c-format
msgid "last command: %s\n"
msgstr "zadnja naredba: %s\n"
-#: error.c:159
+#: error.c:172
#, c-format
msgid "Aborting..."
msgstr "Prekidamo..."
#. TRANSLATORS: this is a prefix for informational messages.
-#: error.c:244
+#: error.c:287
#, c-format
msgid "INFORM: "
msgstr "informacija: "
-#: error.c:261
+#: error.c:310
#, c-format
msgid "DEBUG warning: "
msgstr "Dijagnostičko upozorenje: "
-#: error.c:413
+#: error.c:488
msgid "unknown command error"
msgstr "nepoznata greška naredbe"
-#: error.c:414
+#: error.c:489
msgid "bad command type"
msgstr "loš tip naredbe"
-#: error.c:415
+#: error.c:490
msgid "bad connector"
msgstr "loš konektor"
-#: error.c:416
+#: error.c:491
msgid "bad jump"
msgstr "loš skok"
-#: error.c:449
+#: error.c:529
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unbound variable"
msgstr "%s: nevezana varijabla"
-#: eval.c:256
+#: eval.c:243
msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n"
-msgstr ""
-"\atimed out, čekanje na ulaz je isteklo: auto-logout, automatska-odjava\n"
+msgstr "\atimed out, čekanje na ulaz je isteklo: auto-logout, automatska-odjava\n"
-#: execute_cmd.c:606
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null"
+#: execute_cmd.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "nije moguće preusmjeriti standardni ulaz iz /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1404
+#: execute_cmd.c:1317
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
-msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: nevaljan znak za format"
+msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: nevaljan znak za format"
-#: execute_cmd.c:2485
+#: execute_cmd.c:2391
#, c-format
msgid "execute_coproc: coproc [%d:%s] still exists"
msgstr "execute_coproc(): coproc [%d:%s] još uvijek postoji"
-#: execute_cmd.c:2639
+#: execute_cmd.c:2524
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "greška cijevi"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4092
-#, c-format
-msgid "invalid regular expression `%s': %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:4094
-#, c-format
-msgid "invalid regular expression `%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5048
+#: execute_cmd.c:4923
#, c-format
msgid "eval: maximum eval nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "eval: prekoračena je dopuštena razina (dubina) gniježđenja eval (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5061
+#: execute_cmd.c:4935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: maximum source nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "%s: prekoračena je dopuštena razina gniježđenja source (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5190
+#: execute_cmd.c:5043
#, c-format
msgid "%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "%s: prekoračena je dopuštena razina gniježđenja funkcije (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5728
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "command not found"
-msgstr "%s: naredba nije pronađena"
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5757
+#: execute_cmd.c:5598
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
-msgstr "%s: ograniÄ\8denje : znak â\80\9e/â\80\9c nije dopušten u imenima naredba"
+msgstr "%s: ograniÄ\8denje : znak â\80\9e/â\80\9d nije dopušten u imenima naredba"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6150
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "bad interpreter"
-msgstr "%s: %s: loš interpreter"
+#: execute_cmd.c:5715
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: command not found"
+msgstr "%s: naredba nije pronađena"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6159
+#: execute_cmd.c:5957
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:5975
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute: required file not found"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće izvršiti: potrebna datoteka nije nađena"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6335
+#: execute_cmd.c:6000
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
+msgstr "%s: %s: loš interpreter"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6037
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"
+msgstr "%s: binarnu datoteku %s nije moguće pokrenuti/izvršiti"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6123
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': is a special builtin"
+msgstr "„%s” je specijalna funkcija ugrađena u ljusku"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6175
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
-msgstr ""
-"nije moguće duplicirati deskriptor datoteke %d u deskriptor datoteke %d"
+msgstr "nije moguće duplicirati deskriptor datoteke %d u deskriptor datoteke %d"
-#: expr.c:265
+#: expr.c:263
msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
msgstr "prekoračena je dopuštena razina rekurzija izraza"
-#: expr.c:293
+#: expr.c:291
msgid "recursion stack underflow"
msgstr "podlijevanje stȏga rekurzija (prazni stȏg)"
-#: expr.c:471
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error in expression"
+#: expr.c:478
+msgid "syntax error in expression"
msgstr "sintaktička greška u izrazu"
-#: expr.c:515
+#: expr.c:522
msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
msgstr "pokušaj dodjeljivanja ne-varijabli (objektu koji nije varijabla)"
-#: expr.c:524
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error in variable assignment"
+#: expr.c:531
+msgid "syntax error in variable assignment"
msgstr "sintaktička greška u dodjeljivanju varijabli"
-#: expr.c:538 expr.c:905
+#: expr.c:545 expr.c:912
msgid "division by 0"
msgstr "dijeljenje s 0"
-#: expr.c:586
+#: expr.c:593
msgid "bug: bad expassign token"
msgstr "**interna greška** : loš simbol u izrazu za dodjelu"
-#: expr.c:640
+#: expr.c:647
msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression"
-msgstr "znak â\80\9e:â\80\9c je nužan u uvjetnom izrazu"
+msgstr "znak â\80\9e:â\80\9d je nužan u uvjetnom izrazu"
-#: expr.c:967
+#: expr.c:973
msgid "exponent less than 0"
msgstr "eksponent je manji od 0"
-#: expr.c:1028
+#: expr.c:1030
msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
msgstr "očekivalo se ime nakon pre-increment ili pre-decrement"
-#: expr.c:1055
+#: expr.c:1057
msgid "missing `)'"
-msgstr "nedostaje „)“"
+msgstr "nema „)”"
-#: expr.c:1106 expr.c:1489
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error: operand expected"
+#: expr.c:1108 expr.c:1492
+msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
msgstr "sintaktička greška: očekivan je operand"
-#: expr.c:1450 expr.c:1471
-msgid "--: assignment requires lvalue"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: expr.c:1452 expr.c:1473
-msgid "++: assignment requires lvalue"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: expr.c:1491
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
+#: expr.c:1494
+msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
msgstr "sintaktička greška: nevaljan aritmetički operator"
-#: expr.c:1514
+#: expr.c:1518
#, c-format
msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"
-msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (simbol greÅ¡ke je â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c)"
+msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (simbol greÅ¡ke je â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d)"
-#: expr.c:1577
+#: expr.c:1578
msgid "invalid arithmetic base"
msgstr "nevaljana aritmetička baza"
-#: expr.c:1586
+#: expr.c:1587
msgid "invalid integer constant"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana cijelo brojna (integer) konstanta"
-#: expr.c:1602
+#: expr.c:1603
msgid "value too great for base"
msgstr "vrijednost baze je prevelika"
-#: expr.c:1653
+#: expr.c:1652
#, c-format
msgid "%s: expression error\n"
msgstr "%s: greška u izrazu\n"
msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories"
msgstr "getcwd(): nije moguće pristupiti nadređenim direktorijima"
-#: general.c:459
-#, c-format
-msgid "`%s': is a special builtin"
-msgstr "„%s“ je specijalna funkcija ugrađena u ljusku"
-
-#: input.c:98 subst.c:6540
+#: input.c:99 subst.c:6208
#, c-format
msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"
msgstr "nije moguće onemogućiti „nodelay” način za deskriptor datoteke %d"
-#: input.c:254
+#: input.c:266
#, c-format
msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
-msgstr ""
-"nije moguće rezervirati novi datotečni deskriptor za bash ulaz iz datotečnog "
-"deskriptora %d"
+msgstr "nije moguće rezervirati novi datotečni deskriptor za bash ulaz iz datotečnog deskriptora %d"
-#: input.c:262
+#: input.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"
-msgstr ""
-"save_bash_input(): međuspremnik već postoji za novi datotečni deskriptor %d"
+msgstr "save_bash_input(): međuspremnik već postoji za novi datotečni deskriptor %d"
-#: jobs.c:549
+#: jobs.c:543
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline(): pgrp pipe (procesna skupina cijevi)"
-#: jobs.c:910
+#: jobs.c:907
#, c-format
msgid "bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
msgstr "bgp_delete: PETLJA: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
-#: jobs.c:962
+#: jobs.c:960
#, c-format
msgid "bgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
msgstr "bgp_search: PETLJA: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
-#: jobs.c:1380
+#: jobs.c:1279
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "račvani PID %d pripada tekućem poslu %d"
-#: jobs.c:1496
+#: jobs.c:1397
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "uklanjamo zaustavljeni posao %d sa skupinom procesa %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1620
+#: jobs.c:1502
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process(): PID %5ld (%s) označen kao još uvijek aktivan"
-#: jobs.c:1949
+#: jobs.c:1839
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid(): %ld: PID ne postoji"
-#: jobs.c:1963
+#: jobs.c:1854
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1974 jobs.c:2000
+#: jobs.c:1868 jobs.c:1894
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Gotovo"
-#: jobs.c:1979 siglist.c:123
+#: jobs.c:1873 siglist.c:123
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Zaustavljeno"
-#: jobs.c:1983
+#: jobs.c:1877
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Zaustavljeno(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1987
+#: jobs.c:1881
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Pokrenuto"
-#: jobs.c:2004
+#: jobs.c:1898
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Gotovo(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:2006
+#: jobs.c:1900
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Izlaz %d"
-#: jobs.c:2009
+#: jobs.c:1903
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Nepoznata izlazna vrijednost (izlazni kȏd)Nepoznato"
-#: jobs.c:2105
+#: jobs.c:1990
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(ispis memorije je spremljen!) "
-#: jobs.c:2124
+#: jobs.c:2009
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:2391
+#: jobs.c:2250
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "promijeni skupinu potomka (% ld u% ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2753 nojobs.c:640
+#: jobs.c:2608 nojobs.c:666
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: PID %ld nije potomak ove ljuske"
-#: jobs.c:3049
+#: jobs.c:2884
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: proces %ld nije nigdje registriran"
-#: jobs.c:3407
+#: jobs.c:3223
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: posao %d je zaustavljen"
-#: jobs.c:3835
+#: jobs.c:3551
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no current jobs"
msgstr "%s: nema tekućih poslova"
-#: jobs.c:3842
+#: jobs.c:3558
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: posao je završen"
-#: jobs.c:3851
+#: jobs.c:3567
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: posao %d je već u pozadini"
-#: jobs.c:4089
+#: jobs.c:3793
msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
-msgstr ""
-"waitchld(): WNOHANG je omogućen kako bi se izbjeglo neograničeno blokiranje"
+msgstr "waitchld(): WNOHANG je omogućen kako bi se izbjeglo neograničeno blokiranje"
-#: jobs.c:4638
+#: jobs.c:4307
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: redak %d: "
-#: jobs.c:4654 nojobs.c:895
+#: jobs.c:4321 nojobs.c:921
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (ispis memorije je spremljen!)"
-#: jobs.c:4674 jobs.c:4694
+#: jobs.c:4333 jobs.c:4346
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(radni direktorij je sada: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:4738
+#: jobs.c:4378
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp() nije uspješna"
-#: jobs.c:4794
+#: jobs.c:4434
msgid "initialize_job_control: no job control in background"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: nema upravljanja poslom u pozadini"
-#: jobs.c:4810
+#: jobs.c:4450
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
-msgstr ""
-"initialize_job_control: disciplina retka (protokol realizacije stringova/"
-"redaka)"
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: disciplina retka (protokol realizacije stringova/redaka)"
-#: jobs.c:4820
+#: jobs.c:4460
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid()"
-#: jobs.c:4841 jobs.c:4850
+#: jobs.c:4481 jobs.c:4490
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "nije moguće postaviti procesnu skupinu (%d) terminala"
-#: jobs.c:4855
+#: jobs.c:4495
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "nema upravljanja poslom u ovoj ljusci"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:364
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:367
#, c-format
msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n"
msgstr "malloc(): neuspješni kontrolni test: %s\n"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:375
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:383
#, c-format
msgid ""
"\r\n"
"\r\n"
"malloc(): %s:%d: loše provedeni kontrolni test\r\n"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:376 lib/malloc/malloc.c:925
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:384 lib/malloc/malloc.c:941
msgid "unknown"
msgstr "nepoznato"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:876
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:892
msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
msgstr "malloc(): zauzeti blok na popisu slobodnih blokova"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:961
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:980
msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
msgstr "free(): pozvana s argumentom bloka koji je već slobodan"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:964
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:983
msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument"
msgstr "free(): pozvana s argumentom bloka koji se ne koristi"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:982
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001
msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
msgstr "free(): otkriveno je podlijevanje, mh_nbytes izvan raspona"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:988
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1007
msgid "free: underflow detected; magic8 corrupted"
msgstr "free(): otkriveno je podlijevanje; magic8 je oštećen"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:995
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1014
msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ"
msgstr "free(): veličine početnog i zaključnog (dijela) bloka su različite"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1155
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1176
msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument"
-msgstr ""
-"realloc(): je pozvana s nekorištenim blokom kao argument (blok još nije "
-"odabran)"
+msgstr "realloc(): je pozvana s nekorištenim blokom kao argument (blok još nije odabran)"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1170
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1191
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
msgstr "realloc(): otkriveno je podlijevanje, mh_nbytes izvan raspona"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1176
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1197
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; magic8 corrupted"
msgstr "realloc(): otkriveno je podlijevanje; magic8 je oštećen"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1184
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1205
msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
msgstr "realloc(): veličine početnog i zaključnog (dijela) bloka su različite"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:179
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:191
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
msgstr "register_alloc(): rezervacijska tablica je popunjena s FIND_ALLOC??\n"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:188
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:200
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
msgstr "register_alloc(): %p je već rezerviran u tablici??\n"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:237
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:253
#, c-format
msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
msgstr "register_free(): %p je već slobodan u tablici??\n"
-#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:90
+#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:102
msgid "invalid base"
msgstr "nevaljana baza"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:161
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: host unknown"
msgstr "%s: nepoznati host"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid service"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana usluga"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:294
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
#, c-format
msgid "%s: bad network path specification"
msgstr "%s: loša specifikacija za mrežnu stazu"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:332
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:347
msgid "network operations not supported"
msgstr "mrežne operacije nisu podržane"
-#: locale.c:226 locale.c:228 locale.c:301 locale.c:303
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot change locale"
+#: locale.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr "setlocale(): LC_ALL: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s)"
+
+#: locale.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr "setlocale(): LC_ALL: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s): %s"
+
+#: locale.c:294
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
msgstr "setlocale(): %s: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s)"
-#: mailcheck.c:435
+#: locale.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr "setlocale(): %s: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s): %s"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:439
msgid "You have mail in $_"
msgstr "Imate poštu u $_"
-#: mailcheck.c:460
+#: mailcheck.c:464
msgid "You have new mail in $_"
msgstr "Imate novu poštu u $_"
-#: mailcheck.c:476
+#: mailcheck.c:480
#, c-format
msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n"
msgstr "Pošta u %s je već pročitana\n"
-#: make_cmd.c:286
+#: make_cmd.c:314
msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
msgstr "sintaktička greška: nužan je aritmetički izraz"
-#: make_cmd.c:288
+#: make_cmd.c:316
msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: neoÄ\8dekivan â\80\9e;â\80\9c znak"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: neoÄ\8dekivan â\80\9e;â\80\9d znak"
-#: make_cmd.c:289
+#: make_cmd.c:317
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: â\80\9e((%s))â\80\9c"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: â\80\9e((%s))â\80\9d"
-#: make_cmd.c:523
+#: make_cmd.c:569
#, c-format
msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
msgstr "make_here_document(): loš tip instrukcije %d"
-#: make_cmd.c:627
+#: make_cmd.c:668
#, c-format
msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
-msgstr ""
-"here-document u retku %d završava sa znakom kraj datoteke (očekivan je „%s“)"
+msgstr "here-document u retku %d završava sa znakom kraj datoteke (očekivan je „%s”)"
-#: make_cmd.c:722
+#: make_cmd.c:769
#, c-format
msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
-msgstr ""
-"make_redirection(): instrukcija za preusmjeravanje „%d“ je izvan raspona"
+msgstr "make_redirection(): instrukcija za preusmjeravanje „%d” je izvan raspona"
-#: parse.y:2572
+#: parse.y:2428
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line "
-"truncated"
+msgid "shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line truncated"
msgstr ""
"shell_getc(): shell_input_line_size (%zu) veća je od SIZE_MAX (%lu):\n"
" redak je skraćen"
-#: parse.y:2864
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "script file read error"
-msgstr "greška pisanja: %s"
-
-#: parse.y:3101
+#: parse.y:2921
msgid "maximum here-document count exceeded"
msgstr "maksimalna broj (količina) here-document-a je premašena"
-#: parse.y:3901 parse.y:4799 parse.y:6853
+#: parse.y:3684 parse.y:4244 parse.y:6148
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan kraj-datoteke (EOF) pri traženju odgovarajuÄ\87eg â\80\9e%câ\80\9c"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan kraj-datoteke (EOF) pri traženju odgovarajuÄ\87eg â\80\9e%câ\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:5006
+#: parse.y:4452
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan kraj datoteke (EOF) pri traženju â\80\9e]]â\80\9c"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan kraj datoteke (EOF) pri traženju â\80\9e]]â\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:5011
+#: parse.y:4457
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka u uvjetnom izrazu: neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka u uvjetnom izrazu: neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:5015
+#: parse.y:4461
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
msgstr "sintaktička greška u uvjetnom izrazu"
-#: parse.y:5093
+#: parse.y:4539
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c; oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9c"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d; oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:5097
+#: parse.y:4543
msgid "expected `)'"
-msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9c"
+msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:5127
+#: parse.y:4571
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan argument â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c za uvjetni unarni operator"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan argument â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d za uvjetni unarni operator"
-#: parse.y:5131
+#: parse.y:4575
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"
msgstr "neočekivan argument za uvjetni unarni operator"
-#: parse.y:5178
+#: parse.y:4621
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivani simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c; očekivan je uvjetni binarni operator"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivani simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d; očekivan je uvjetni binarni operator"
-#: parse.y:5182
+#: parse.y:4625
msgid "conditional binary operator expected"
msgstr "očekivan je uvjetni binarni operator"
-#: parse.y:5211
+#: parse.y:4647
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan argument â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c uvjetnom binarnom operatoru"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan argument â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d uvjetnom binarnom operatoru"
-#: parse.y:5215
+#: parse.y:4651
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"
msgstr "neočekivan argument uvjetnom binarnom operatoru"
-#: parse.y:5226
+#: parse.y:4662
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%câ\80\9c u uvjetnoj naredbi"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%câ\80\9d u uvjetnoj naredbi"
-#: parse.y:5229
+#: parse.y:4665
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c u uvjetnoj naredbi"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivan simbol â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d u uvjetnoj naredbi"
-#: parse.y:5233
+#: parse.y:4669
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command"
msgstr "neočekivan simbol %d u uvjetnoj naredbi"
-#: parse.y:6821
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s' while looking for matching `%c'"
-msgstr "neočekivan kraj-datoteke (EOF) pri traženju odgovarajućeg „%c“"
-
-#: parse.y:6823
+#: parse.y:6118
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka blizu neoÄ\8dekivanog simbola â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka blizu neoÄ\8dekivanog simbola â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:6842
+#: parse.y:6137
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka blizu â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka blizu â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: parse.y:6861
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file from `%s' command on line %d"
-msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivani kraj datoteke"
-
-#: parse.y:6863
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file from command on line %d"
-msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivani kraj datoteke"
-
-#: parse.y:6867
+#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivani kraj datoteke"
-#: parse.y:6867
+#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error"
msgstr "sintaktička greška"
-#: parse.y:6916
+#: parse.y:6216
#, c-format
msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"
msgstr "Koristite \"%s\" za izlaz iz ljuske.\n"
-#: parse.y:7114
+#: parse.y:6394
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
-msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivani kraj datoteke pri traženju odgovarajuÄ\87e â\80\9e)â\80\9c"
+msgstr "neoÄ\8dekivani kraj datoteke pri traženju odgovarajuÄ\87e â\80\9e)â\80\9d"
-#: pathexp.c:897
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "invalid glob sort type"
-msgstr "nevaljana baza"
-
-#: pcomplete.c:1070
+#: pcomplete.c:1132
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
-msgstr "completion(): funkcija â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c nije pronađena"
+msgstr "completion(): funkcija â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d nije pronađena"
-#: pcomplete.c:1654
+#: pcomplete.c:1722
#, c-format
msgid "programmable_completion: %s: possible retry loop"
msgstr "programmable_completion(): %s: moguća ponovljena petlja"
-#: pcomplib.c:176
+#: pcomplib.c:182
#, c-format
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert(): %s: prazni COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:324
+#: print_cmd.c:302
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
-msgstr "print_command(): loÅ¡ konektor â\80\9e%dâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "print_command(): loÅ¡ konektor â\80\9e%dâ\80\9d"
-#: print_cmd.c:399
+#: print_cmd.c:375
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
msgstr "xtrace_set(): %d: nevaljan deskriptor datoteke"
-#: print_cmd.c:404
+#: print_cmd.c:380
msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
-msgstr "xtrace_set(): pointer datoteke je NULL"
+msgstr "xtrace_set(): pokazivač datoteke je NULL"
-#: print_cmd.c:408
+#: print_cmd.c:384
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
-msgstr ""
-"deskriptor datoteke xtrace (%d) != broju datoteke u pointeru datoteke "
-"xtrace (%d)"
+msgstr "deskriptor datoteke xtrace (%d) != broju datoteke u pokazivaču datoteke xtrace (%d)"
-#: print_cmd.c:1597
+#: print_cmd.c:1545
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
-msgstr "cprintf(): â\80\9e%câ\80\9c: nevaljan znak za format"
+msgstr "cprintf(): â\80\9e%câ\80\9d: nevaljan znak za format"
-#: redir.c:145 redir.c:193
+#: redir.c:150 redir.c:198
msgid "file descriptor out of range"
msgstr "deskriptor datoteke je izvan raspona"
-#: redir.c:200
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "ambiguous redirect"
+#: redir.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous redirect"
msgstr "%s: dvosmisleno preusmjeravanje"
-#: redir.c:204
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot overwrite existing file"
+#: redir.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće pisati preko postojeće datoteke"
-#: redir.c:209
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "restricted: cannot redirect output"
+#: redir.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output"
msgstr "%s: ograničeno: nije moguće preusmjeriti izlaz"
-#: redir.c:214
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document"
+#: redir.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
msgstr "nije moguće stvoriti privremenu datoteku za here-document: %s"
-#: redir.c:218
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot assign fd to variable"
+#: redir.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće dodijeliti deskriptor datoteke varijabli"
-#: redir.c:633
+#: redir.c:650
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port nije podržan bez umrežavanja"
-#: redir.c:937 redir.c:1051 redir.c:1109 redir.c:1273
+#: redir.c:945 redir.c:1065 redir.c:1130 redir.c:1303
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
msgstr "greška preusmjeravanja: nije moguće duplicirati deskriptor datoteke"
-#: shell.c:359
+#: shell.c:353
msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
msgstr "nije moguće pronaći /tmp; stvorite taj direktorij!"
-#: shell.c:363
+#: shell.c:357
msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name"
msgstr "/tmp mora biti valjano ime direktorija"
-#: shell.c:827
+#: shell.c:826
msgid "pretty-printing mode ignored in interactive shells"
msgstr "u interaktivnoj ljusci pretty-printing se zanemaruje"
-#: shell.c:969
+#: shell.c:972
#, c-format
msgid "%c%c: invalid option"
msgstr "%c%c: nevaljana opcija"
-#: shell.c:1357
+#: shell.c:1343
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set uid to %d: effective uid %d"
msgstr "nije moguće postaviti UID na %d: efektivni UID je %d"
-#: shell.c:1373
+#: shell.c:1354
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set gid to %d: effective gid %d"
msgstr "nije moguće postaviti GID na %d: efektivni GID je %d"
-#: shell.c:1562
+#: shell.c:1544
msgid "cannot start debugger; debugging mode disabled"
msgstr "nije moguće pokrenuti debugger; dijagnostika je onemogućena"
-#: shell.c:1675
+#: shell.c:1658
#, c-format
msgid "%s: Is a directory"
msgstr "%s: Je direktorij"
-#: shell.c:1891
+#: shell.c:1907
msgid "I have no name!"
msgstr "Nemam ime!"
-#: shell.c:2055
+#: shell.c:2061
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n"
msgstr "GNU bash, inačica %s-(%s)\n"
-#: shell.c:2056
+#: shell.c:2062
#, c-format
msgid ""
"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
"Uporaba: %s [GNU duga opcija] [opcija]...\n"
" %s [GNU duga opcija] [opcija] skripta...\n"
-#: shell.c:2058
+#: shell.c:2064
msgid "GNU long options:\n"
msgstr "GNU duge opcije:\n"
-#: shell.c:2062
+#: shell.c:2068
msgid "Shell options:\n"
msgstr "Kratke opcije:\n"
-#: shell.c:2063
+#: shell.c:2069
msgid "\t-ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
msgstr "\t-ilrsD ili -c NAREDBA ili -O SHOPT-OPCIJA (samo za pozivanje)\n"
-#: shell.c:2082
+#: shell.c:2088
#, c-format
msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
msgstr "\t-%s ili -o opcija (može se promijeniti sa „set”)\n"
-#: shell.c:2088
+#: shell.c:2094
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Utipkajte „%s -c \"help set\"“ za dodatne obavijesti o opcijama ljuske.\n"
+msgstr "Utipkajte „%s -c \"help set\"” za dodatne obavijesti o opcijama ljuske.\n"
-#: shell.c:2089
+#: shell.c:2095
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Utipkajte „%s -c help set“ za dodatne obavijesti o ugrađenim naredbama "
-"ljuske.\n"
+msgstr "Utipkajte „%s -c help set” za dodatne obavijesti o ugrađenim naredbama ljuske.\n"
-#: shell.c:2090
+#: shell.c:2096
#, c-format
msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
-msgstr "Koristite naredbu â\80\9ebashbugâ\80\9c za prijavljivanje grešaka.\n"
+msgstr "Koristite naredbu â\80\9ebashbugâ\80\9d za prijavljivanje grešaka.\n"
-#: shell.c:2092
+#: shell.c:2098
#, c-format
msgid "bash home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash>\n"
msgstr "Početna mrežna bash stranica: <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash>\n"
-#: shell.c:2093
+#: shell.c:2099
#, c-format
msgid "General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>\n"
msgstr ""
"Općenita pomoć za korištenje GNU softvera: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>\n"
"Prijavite primjedbe i greške u prijevodu na lokalizacija@linux.hr/\n"
-#: sig.c:808
+#: sig.c:765
#, c-format
msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
msgstr "sigprocmask(): %d: nevaljana operacija"
msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
msgstr "Nepoznati signal #%d"
-#: subst.c:1501 subst.c:1793 subst.c:1999
+#: subst.c:1480 subst.c:1670
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
-msgstr "loÅ¡a supstitucija: nema zakljuÄ\8dnog â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c u %s"
+msgstr "loÅ¡a supstitucija: nema zakljuÄ\8dnog â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d u %s"
-#: subst.c:3599
+#: subst.c:3307
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće dodijeliti popis elementu polja"
-#: subst.c:6379 subst.c:6395
+#: subst.c:6048 subst.c:6064
msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
msgstr "nije moguće napraviti cijev za zamjenu procesa"
-#: subst.c:6455
+#: subst.c:6124
msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
msgstr "nije moguće napraviti potomka za zamjenu procesa"
-#: subst.c:6530
+#: subst.c:6198
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
msgstr "nije moguće otvoriti imenovanu cijev %s za čitanje"
-#: subst.c:6532
+#: subst.c:6200
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
msgstr "nije moguće otvoriti imenovanu cijev %s za pisanje"
-#: subst.c:6555
+#: subst.c:6223
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
msgstr "nije moguće duplicirati imenovanu cijev %s kao deskriptor datoteke %d"
-#: subst.c:6721
+#: subst.c:6370
msgid "command substitution: ignored null byte in input"
msgstr "nevaljana supstitucija: zanemaren prazni (nula) bajt u ulazu"
-#: subst.c:6960
-msgid "function_substitute: cannot open anonymous file for output"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: subst.c:7034
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "function_substitute: cannot duplicate anonymous file as standard output"
-msgstr ""
-"command_substitute(): nije moguće duplicirati cijev kao deskriptor datoteke 1"
-
-#: subst.c:7208 subst.c:7229
+#: subst.c:6533
msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
msgstr "nije moguće napraviti cijev za zamjenu naredbi"
-#: subst.c:7280
+#: subst.c:6580
msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
msgstr "nije moguće napraviti potomka za zamjenu naredbi"
-#: subst.c:7313
+#: subst.c:6613
msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
-msgstr ""
-"command_substitute(): nije moguće duplicirati cijev kao deskriptor datoteke 1"
+msgstr "command_substitute(): nije moguće duplicirati cijev kao deskriptor datoteke 1"
-#: subst.c:7802 subst.c:10978
+#: subst.c:7082 subst.c:10252
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid variable name for name reference"
msgstr "%s: nevaljano ime varijable za ime referencije"
-#: subst.c:7895 subst.c:7913 subst.c:8089
+#: subst.c:7178 subst.c:7196 subst.c:7369
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid indirect expansion"
msgstr "%s: nevaljana neizravna ekspanzija"
-#: subst.c:7929 subst.c:8097
+#: subst.c:7212 subst.c:7377
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid variable name"
-msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c: nevaljano ime varijable"
+msgstr "â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d: nevaljano ime varijable"
-#: subst.c:8114 subst.c:10260 subst.c:10287
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: bad substitution"
-msgstr "%s: loša supstitucija"
-
-#: subst.c:8213
+#: subst.c:7478
#, c-format
msgid "%s: parameter not set"
msgstr "%s: parametar nije postavljen"
-#: subst.c:8469 subst.c:8484
+#: subst.c:7480
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
+msgstr "%s: parametar je prazan ili nedefiniran"
+
+#: subst.c:7727 subst.c:7742
#, c-format
msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
msgstr "%s: rezultat od dijela stringa (substring) < 0"
-#: subst.c:10386
+#: subst.c:9560 subst.c:9587
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad substitution"
+msgstr "%s: loša supstitucija"
+
+#: subst.c:9678
#, c-format
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: nije moguće dodijeliti na ovaj način"
-#: subst.c:10844
-msgid ""
-"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic "
-"substitution"
-msgstr ""
-"buduće inačice ljuske prisilit će vrednovanje kao aritmetičku supstituciju"
+#: subst.c:10111
+msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
+msgstr "buduće inačice ljuske prisilit će vrednovanje kao aritmetičku supstituciju"
-#: subst.c:11552
+#: subst.c:10795
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "loša supstitucija: nema zaključnog znaka \"`\" u %s"
-#: subst.c:12626
+#: subst.c:11874
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "nema podudaranja: %s"
-#: test.c:156
+#: test.c:147
msgid "argument expected"
msgstr "očekivan je argument"
-#: test.c:164
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: integer expected"
+#: test.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: integer expression expected"
msgstr "%s: očekivan je cjelobrojni izraz"
-#: test.c:292
+#: test.c:265
msgid "`)' expected"
-msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9c"
+msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9d"
-#: test.c:294
+#: test.c:267
#, c-format
msgid "`)' expected, found %s"
-msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9c, a nađen je %s"
+msgstr "oÄ\8dekivana je â\80\9e)â\80\9d, a nađen je %s"
-#: test.c:488 test.c:831
+#: test.c:469 test.c:814
#, c-format
msgid "%s: binary operator expected"
msgstr "%s: očekivan je binarni operator"
-#: test.c:792 test.c:795
+#: test.c:771 test.c:774
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unary operator expected"
msgstr "%s: očekivan je unarni operator"
-#: test.c:944
+#: test.c:896
+msgid "missing `]'"
+msgstr "nema „]”"
+
+#: test.c:914
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `%s' unexpected"
-msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: neoÄ\8dekivan â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "sintaktiÄ\8dka greÅ¡ka: neoÄ\8dekivan â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: trap.c:225
+#: trap.c:220
msgid "invalid signal number"
msgstr "nevaljani broj za signal"
-#: trap.c:358
+#: trap.c:323
#, c-format
msgid "trap handler: maximum trap handler level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "trap handler: prekoračena je dopuštena razina gniježđenja (%d)"
-#: trap.c:455
+#: trap.c:412
#, c-format
msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
msgstr "run_pending_traps(): loša vrijednost u trap_list[%d]: %p"
-#: trap.c:459
+#: trap.c:416
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
-msgstr ""
-"run_pending_traps: signalom rukuje SIG_DFL, opet šalje %d (%s) samom sebi"
+msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: signalom rukuje SIG_DFL, opet šalje %d (%s) samom sebi"
-#: trap.c:592
+#: trap.c:509
#, c-format
msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
msgstr "trap_handler(): loš signal %d"
-#: unwind_prot.c:246 unwind_prot.c:292
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "frame not found"
-msgstr "%s: datoteka nije pronađena"
-
-#: variables.c:441
+#: variables.c:424
#, c-format
msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
-msgstr "greÅ¡ka pri uvozu definicije funkcije za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9c"
+msgstr "greÅ¡ka pri uvozu definicije funkcije za â\80\9e%sâ\80\9d"
-#: variables.c:864
+#: variables.c:838
#, c-format
msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
msgstr "razina ljuske (%d) je previsoka, vraćamo ju na 1"
-#: variables.c:2191 variables.c:2220 variables.c:2278 variables.c:2297
-#: variables.c:2315 variables.c:2350 variables.c:2378 variables.c:2405
-#: variables.c:2431 variables.c:3274 variables.c:3282 variables.c:3797
-#: variables.c:3841
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: maximum nameref depth (%d) exceeded"
-msgstr "maksimalna broj (količina) here-document-a je premašena"
-
-#: variables.c:2641
+#: variables.c:2642
msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
msgstr "make_local_variable(): u trenutnom opsegu nema konteksta funkcije"
-#: variables.c:2660
+#: variables.c:2661
#, c-format
msgid "%s: variable may not be assigned value"
-msgstr "%s: varijabli se ne može dodijeliti vrijednost"
+msgstr "%s: varijabli nije moguće dodijeliti vrijednost"
-#: variables.c:2831 variables.c:2884
+#: variables.c:2818 variables.c:2874
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot inherit value from incompatible type"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće naslijediti vrijednost nekompatibilnog tipa"
-#: variables.c:3437
+#: variables.c:3459
#, c-format
msgid "%s: assigning integer to name reference"
msgstr "%s: nazivu referencije se dodjeljuje cijeli broj"
-#: variables.c:4387
+#: variables.c:4390
msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
msgstr "all_local_variables(): u trenutnom opsegu nema konteksta funkcije"
-#: variables.c:4791
+#: variables.c:4757
#, c-format
msgid "%s has null exportstr"
msgstr "*** %s ima prazni string za izvoz"
-#: variables.c:4796 variables.c:4805
+#: variables.c:4762 variables.c:4771
#, c-format
msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
msgstr "*** nevaljani znak %d u izvoznom stringu za %s"
-#: variables.c:4811
+#: variables.c:4777
#, c-format
msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
-msgstr "*** nema â\80\9e=â\80\9c u izvoznom stringu za %s"
+msgstr "*** nema â\80\9e=â\80\9d u izvoznom stringu za %s"
-#: variables.c:5329
+#: variables.c:5317
msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
-msgstr "pop_var_context(): glava â\80\9eshell_variablesâ\80\9c nije funkcijski kontekst"
+msgstr "pop_var_context(): glava â\80\9eshell_variablesâ\80\9d nije funkcijski kontekst"
-#: variables.c:5342
+#: variables.c:5330
msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
-msgstr "pop_var_context(): nije â\80\9eglobal_variablesâ\80\9c kontekst"
+msgstr "pop_var_context(): nije â\80\9eglobal_variablesâ\80\9d kontekst"
-#: variables.c:5432
+#: variables.c:5410
msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
-msgstr ""
-"pop_scope(): vrh od „shell_variables“ nije privremeni raspon valjanosti"
+msgstr "pop_scope(): vrh od „shell_variables” nije privremeni doseg okružja"
-#: variables.c:6423
+#: variables.c:6400
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
msgstr "%s: %s: nije moguće otvoriti kao DATOTEKU"
-#: variables.c:6428
+#: variables.c:6405
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
msgstr "%s: %s: nevaljana vrijednost za „trace” deskriptora datoteke"
-#: variables.c:6472
+#: variables.c:6450
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: compatibility value out of range"
msgstr "%s: %s vrijednost za kompatibilnost je izvan raspona"
-#: version.c:50
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+#: version.c:46 version2.c:46
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-#: version.c:51
-msgid ""
-"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
+#: version.c:47 version2.c:47
+msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
msgstr ""
"Licencija:\n"
"GPLv3+: GNU GPL inačica 3 ili novija <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
-#: version.c:90
+#: version.c:86 version2.c:86
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"
msgstr "GNU bash, inačica %s (%s)\n"
-#: version.c:95
+#: version.c:91 version2.c:91
msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it."
msgstr "Ovo je slobodan softver: slobodno ga mijenjajte i dijelite."
-#: version.c:96
+#: version.c:92 version2.c:92
msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."
msgstr "NEMA JAMSTVA do granica dopuštenih zakonom."
-#: xmalloc.c:84
+#: xmalloc.c:93
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće rezervirati %lu bajtova (rezervirano je %lu bajtova)"
-#: xmalloc.c:86
+#: xmalloc.c:95
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
msgstr "%s: nije moguće rezervirati %lu bajtova"
-#: xmalloc.c:164
+#: xmalloc.c:165
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr ""
-"%s: %s:%d: nije moguće rezervirati %lu bajtova (rezervirano je %lu bajtova)"
+msgstr "%s: %s:%d: nije moguće rezervirati %lu bajtova (rezervirano je %lu bajtova)"
-#: xmalloc.c:166
+#: xmalloc.c:167
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
msgstr "%s: %s:%d: nije moguće rezervirati %lu bajtova"
msgstr "unalias [-a] IME [IME...]"
#: builtins.c:53
-msgid ""
-"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-"
-"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
+msgid "bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
msgstr ""
"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m MAPA_TIPAKA] [-f DATOTEKA] [-q FUNKCIJA]\n"
" [-u FUNKCIJA] [-r PREČAC] [-x PREČAC:SHELL-NAREDBA]\n"
msgstr "caller [IZRAZ]"
#: builtins.c:66
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [dir]"
+msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]"
msgstr "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [DIREKTORIJ]"
#: builtins.c:68
msgstr "command [-pVv] NAREDBA [ARGUMENT...]"
#: builtins.c:78
-msgid ""
-"declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] or declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"declare [aAfFgiIlnrtux] [IME[=VRIJEDNOST]...] ili declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[IME...]"
+msgid "declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] or declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
+msgstr "declare [aAfFgiIlnrtux] [IME[=VRIJEDNOST]...] ili declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [IME...]"
#: builtins.c:80
-msgid ""
-"typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... or typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] IME[=VRIJEDNOST]… ili typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[IME...]"
+msgid "typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... or typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
+msgstr "typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] IME[=VRIJEDNOST]… ili typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [IME...]"
#: builtins.c:82
msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..."
msgstr "help [-dms] [UZORAK...]"
#: builtins.c:123
-msgid ""
-"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg "
-"[arg...]"
+msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
msgstr ""
"history [-c] [-d POZICIJA] [N]\n"
" ili: history -anrw [DATOTEKA]\n"
msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [SPECIFIKACIJA_POSLA... | PID...]"
#: builtins.c:134
-msgid ""
-"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l "
-"[sigspec]"
+msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
msgstr ""
"kill [-s SIGNAL_IME | -n SIGNAL_BROJ | -SIGNAL] PID | SPECIFIKACIJA_POSLA\n"
" ili: kill -l [SIGNAL]"
msgstr "let ARGUMENT..."
#: builtins.c:138
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"read [-Eers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p "
-"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
+msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
"read [-ers] [-a POLJE] [-d MEĐA] [-i TEKST] [-p PROMPT]\n"
" [-n BROJ_ZNAKOVA] [-N BROJ_ZNAKOVA] [-t SEKUNDA]\n"
msgstr "shift [N]"
#: builtins.c:152
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "source [-p path] filename [arguments]"
+msgid "source filename [arguments]"
msgstr "source DATOTEKA [ARGUMENTI]"
#: builtins.c:154
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ". [-p path] filename [arguments]"
+msgid ". filename [arguments]"
msgstr ". DATOTEKA [ARGUMENTI]"
#: builtins.c:157
msgstr "[ ARGUMENT... ]"
#: builtins.c:166
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "trap [-Plp] [[action] signal_spec ...]"
+msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
msgstr "trap [-lp] [[ARGUMENT] SIGNAL_SPEC...]"
#: builtins.c:168
msgstr "wait [PID...]"
#: builtins.c:184
-msgid "! PIPELINE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:186
msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "for IME [in RIJEČIMA...].; do NAREDBE; done"
-#: builtins.c:188
+#: builtins.c:186
msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "for (( IZRAZ1; IZRAZ2; IZRAZ3 )); do NAREDBE; done"
-#: builtins.c:190
+#: builtins.c:188
msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "select IME [in RIJEČI... ;] do NAREDBE; done"
-#: builtins.c:192
+#: builtins.c:190
msgid "time [-p] pipeline"
msgstr "time [-p] CJEVOVOD"
-#: builtins.c:194
+#: builtins.c:192
msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"
msgstr "case RIJEČ in [UZORAK [| UZORAK]...) NAREDBE;;]... esac"
-#: builtins.c:196
-msgid ""
-"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else "
-"COMMANDS; ] fi"
-msgstr ""
-"if NAREDBE; then NAREDBE; [ elif NAREDBE; then NAREDBE; ]... [ else "
-"NAREDBE; ] fi"
+#: builtins.c:194
+msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
+msgstr "if NAREDBE; then NAREDBE; [ elif NAREDBE; then NAREDBE; ]... [ else NAREDBE; ] fi"
-#: builtins.c:198
+#: builtins.c:196
msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
msgstr "while NAREDBE; do NAREDBE-2; done"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:198
msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
msgstr "until NAREDBE; do NAREDBE-2; done"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr "coproc [IME] NAREDBA [PREUSMJERAVANJA]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
"function IME { NAREDBE ; }\n"
" ili: IME () { NAREDBE ; }"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ NAREDBE; }"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "SPECIFIKACIJA_POSLA [&]"
-#: builtins.c:210
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( IZRAZ ))"
-#: builtins.c:212
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ IZRAZ ]]"
-#: builtins.c:214
+#: builtins.c:212
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "var — imena i značenje nekih varijabla ljuske"
-#: builtins.c:217
+#: builtins.c:215
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | DIREKTORIJ]"
-#: builtins.c:221
+#: builtins.c:219
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:225
+#: builtins.c:223
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:228
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [IME_OPCIJE...]"
-#: builtins.c:230
+#: builtins.c:228
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v VARIJABLA] FORMAT [ARGUMENTI]"
-#: builtins.c:233
-msgid ""
-"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-"
-"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S "
-"suffix] [name ...]"
+#: builtins.c:231
+msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o OPCIJA] [-A AKCIJA] [-C NAREDBA]\n"
" [-F FUNKCIJA] [-G GLOB_UZORAK] [-P PREFIKS] [-S SUFIKS]\n"
" [-W POPIS_RIJEČI] [-X FILTAR_UZORAKA] [IME...]"
-#: builtins.c:237
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"compgen [-V varname] [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-"
-"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S "
-"suffix] [word]"
+#: builtins.c:235
+msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o OPCIJA] [-A AKCIJA] [-C NAREDBA] [-F FUNCIJA]\n"
" [-G GLOB_UZORAK] [-P PREFIKS] [-S SUFIKS]\n"
" [-W POPIS_RIJEČI] [-X FILTAR_UZORAKA] [IME...]"
-#: builtins.c:241
+#: builtins.c:239
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o OPCIJA] [-DEI] [IME...]"
-#: builtins.c:244
-msgid ""
-"mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid "mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
"mapfile [-d MEĐA] [-n KOLIČINA [-O POČETAK] [-s BROJ] [-t] [-u FD]\n"
" [-C FUNKCIJA] [-c TOLIKO] [POLJE]"
-#: builtins.c:246
-msgid ""
-"readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+#: builtins.c:244
+msgid "readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
"readarray [-d MEĐA] [-n KOLIČINA] [-O POČETAK] [-s BROJ] [-t] [-u FD]\n"
" [-C FUNKCIJA] [-c TOLIKO] [POLJE]"
-#: builtins.c:258
+#: builtins.c:256
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" -p\tprint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has "
-"been\n"
+" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
"Definira ili prikaže aliase.\n"
"\n"
-" Bez argumenata (ili s opcijom -p), â\80\9ealiasâ\80\9c ispiše popis aliasa na\n"
+" Bez argumenata (ili s opcijom -p), â\80\9ealiasâ\80\9d ispiše popis aliasa na\n"
" standardni izlaz u upotrebljivom formatu: alias IME='ZAMJENA'.\n"
-" S argumentima, alias je definiran za svako IME za koje je navedena "
-"ZAMJENA.\n"
-" Zaostali razmak (bjelina) u ZAMJENI čini da „alias“ prilikom ekspanzije\n"
+" S argumentima, alias je definiran za svako IME za koje je navedena ZAMJENA.\n"
+" Zaostali razmak (bjelina) u ZAMJENI čini da „alias” prilikom ekspanzije\n"
" provjerava je li i sljedeća riječ zamjenska.\n"
"\n"
" Options:\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako alias nije definiran za dano IME."
-#: builtins.c:280
+#: builtins.c:278
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Ukloni svako navedeno IME iz popisa definiranih aliasa.\n"
"\n"
-" S opcijom â\80\9e-aâ\80\9c izbriše sve definirane aliase.\n"
+" S opcijom â\80\9e-aâ\80\9d izbriše sve definirane aliase.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako IME nije postojeći alias."
-#: builtins.c:293
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:291
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n"
" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n"
-" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-"
-"move,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n"
" -l List names of functions.\n"
" -P List function names and bindings.\n"
" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n"
" reused as input.\n"
-" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
-" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
+" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" -V List variable names and values\n"
" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
" be reused as input.\n"
" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n"
-" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named "
-"function.\n"
+" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n"
" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n"
" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n"
" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n"
" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n"
-" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated "
-"commands\n"
+" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands\n"
" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
-" If arguments remain after option processing, the -p and -P options "
-"treat\n"
-" them as readline command names and restrict output to those names.\n"
-" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Prikaže i postavlja â\80\9eReadlineâ\80\9c prečace (key binding) i varijable.\n"
+"Prikaže i postavlja â\80\9eReadlineâ\80\9d prečace (key binding) i varijable.\n"
"\n"
-" Veže sekvenciju tipki (key sequence, prečac) na „Readline“ funkciju\n"
-" ili na makronaredbe ili na „Readline“ varijablu. Sintaksa za argumente\n"
-" koji nisu opcija je ista kao za ~/.inputrc, ali moraju biti "
-"proslijeđeni\n"
+" Veže sekvenciju tipki (key sequence, prečac) na „Readline” funkciju\n"
+" ili na makronaredbe ili na „Readline” varijablu. Sintaksa za argumente\n"
+" koji nisu opcija je ista kao za ~/.inputrc, ali moraju biti proslijeđeni\n"
" kao jedan argument; primjer: bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
-" -f DATOTEKA pročita prečace (bindings, key sequences) iz "
-"DATOTEKE\n"
+" -f DATOTEKA pročita prečace (bindings, key sequences) iz DATOTEKE\n"
" -l izlista imena svih poznatih funkcija\n"
-" -m MAPA_TIPAKA koristi MAPU_TIPAKA (keymap) dok traje ova "
-"naredba;\n"
-" moguće MAPE_TIPAKA su jedna od emacs, emacs-"
-"standard,\n"
+" -m MAPA_TIPAKA koristi MAPU_TIPAKA (keymap) dok traje ova naredba;\n"
+" moguće MAPE_TIPAKA su jedna od emacs, emacs-standard,\n"
" emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command,\n"
" i vi-insert.\n"
" -P izlista imena funkcija i prečaca\n"
" -q FUNKCIJA ispita i ispiše tipke koje pozivaju tu FUNKCIJU\n"
" -S izlista prečace (sekvencije tipki) koje pozivaju\n"
" makronaredbe s njihovim vrijednostima\n"
-" -s ispiše sekvencije tipki koje pozivaju makronaredbe "
-"s\n"
+" -s ispiše sekvencije tipki koje pozivaju makronaredbe s\n"
" njihovim vrijednostima u obliku koji se može\n"
" iskoristiti kao ulaz\n"
" -u FUNKCIJA razveže sve prečace vezane na tu FUNKCIJU\n"
" u formatu koji se može iskoristiti kao ulaz\n"
" -x PREČAC:SHELL-NAREDBA izvrši SHELL-NAREDBU svaki put kad se unese\n"
" PREČAC (sekvencija tipki)\n"
-" -X ispiÅ¡e preÄ\8dace (sekvencije tipki) vezane s â\80\9e-xâ\80\9c i\n"
+" -X ispiÅ¡e preÄ\8dace (sekvencije tipki) vezane s â\80\9e-xâ\80\9d i\n"
" njima pridružene naredbe u obliku koji se može\n"
" iskoristiti kao ulaz\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana neprepoznata opcija ili se je\n"
" dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:335
+#: builtins.c:330
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je N manji od 1."
-#: builtins.c:347
+#: builtins.c:342
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je N manji od 1."
-#: builtins.c:359
+#: builtins.c:354
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n"
" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n"
-" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the "
-"function.\n"
+" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
"\n"
" Izvrši danu UGRAĐENU_SHELL_FUNKCIJU s navedenim ARGUMENTIMA.\n"
" To je korisno ako želite redefinirati implementaciju ugrađene shell\n"
-" funkcije kao vlastitu shell funkciju (skriptu s istim imenom kao "
-"ugrađena\n"
+" funkcije kao vlastitu shell funkciju (skriptu s istim imenom kao ugrađena\n"
" shell funkcija), a potrebna vam je funkcionalnost te ugrađene shell\n"
" funkcije unutar vaše vlastite skripte.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom UGRAĐENE_SHELL_FUNKCIJE ili s kȏdom 1 ako\n"
" UGRAĐENA_SHELL_FUNKCIJA nije ugrađene funkcija ljuske."
-#: builtins.c:374
+#: builtins.c:369
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Vrati kontekst trenutnog poziva funkciji.\n"
"\n"
-" Bez IZRAZA, vrati „$line $filename“. Ako je dan IZRAZ, onda vrati\n"
-" „$line $subroutine $filename“; ova dodatna informacija može poslužiti "
-"za\n"
-" stvaranje „stack trace“.\n"
+" Bez IZRAZA, vrati „$line $filename”. Ako je dan IZRAZ, onda vrati\n"
+" „$line $subroutine $filename”; ova dodatna informacija može poslužiti za\n"
+" stvaranje „stack trace”.\n"
"\n"
" Vrijednost IZRAZA naznačuje koliko ciklusa se treba vratiti\n"
" unatrag od trenutne pozicije; trenutni ciklus ima vrijednost 0.\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako ljuska ne izvršava ljuskinu funkciju\n"
" ili je IZRAZ nevaljan."
-#: builtins.c:392
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:387
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
-" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of "
-"the\n"
-" HOME shell variable. If DIR is \"-\", it is converted to $OLDPWD.\n"
+" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n"
+" HOME shell variable.\n"
" \n"
-" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory "
-"containing\n"
-" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon "
-"(:).\n"
-" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR "
-"begins\n"
+" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n"
+" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n"
+" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n"
" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n"
" \n"
-" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is "
-"set,\n"
-" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a "
-"value,\n"
+" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n"
+" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n"
" its value is used for DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t\tattributes as a directory containing the file attributes\n"
" \n"
" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n"
-" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname "
-"component\n"
+" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component\n"
" back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully "
-"when\n"
+" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when\n"
" -P is used; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
"Promjeni trenutni direktorij.\n"
"\n"
-" Promijeni trenutni direktorij u navedeni DIREKTORIJ. Ako DIREKTORIJ "
-"nije\n"
+" Promijeni trenutni direktorij u navedeni DIREKTORIJ. Ako DIREKTORIJ nije\n"
" naveden, za DIREKTORIJ se koristi vrijednost varijable HOME.\n"
"\n"
" Varijabla CDPATH definira staze (direktorije) po kojima se\n"
" prazni naziv za direktorij je isto što i trenutni direktorij (.)\n"
" CDPATH se ne koristi ako DIREKTORIJ započinje s kosom crtom (/)\n"
"\n"
-" Ako se direktorij ne pronaÄ\91e, a omoguÄ\87ena je opcija â\80\9ecdable_varsâ\80\9c,\n"
+" Ako se direktorij ne pronaÄ\91e, a omoguÄ\87ena je opcija â\80\9ecdable_varsâ\80\9d,\n"
" tada se dana riječ uzme kao ime varijable; ako ta varijabla sadrži\n"
-" naziv, â\80\9ecdâ\80\9c prijeđe u direktorij s tim nazivom.\n"
+" naziv, â\80\9ecdâ\80\9d prijeđe u direktorij s tim nazivom.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
-" -L slijedi simbolične poveznice; simbolične poveznice u DIREKTORIJU "
-"razriješi\n"
-" nakon obrade instance „..“\n"
-" -P rabi fizičku strukturu direktorija umjesto da slijedi "
-"simbolične\n"
-" poveznice; simbolične poveznice u DIREKTORIJU razriješi prije "
-"obrade\n"
-" instance „..“\n"
-" -e ako je dana s opcijom „-P“, i trenutni radni direktorij nije\n"
+" -L slijedi simbolične linkove; simbolične linkove u DIREKTORIJU razriješi\n"
+" nakon obrade instance „..”\n"
+" -P rabi fizičku strukturu direktorija umjesto da slijedi simbolične\n"
+" linkove; simbolične linkove u DIREKTORIJU razriješi prije obrade\n"
+" instance „..”\n"
+" -e ako je dana s opcijom „-P”, i trenutni radni direktorij nije\n"
" moguće uspješno odrediti nakon uspješne promjene direktorija,\n"
-" â\80\9ecdâ\80\9c završi s kȏdom različitim od 0.\n"
+" â\80\9ecdâ\80\9d završi s kȏdom različitim od 0.\n"
" -@ opiše proširene atribute povezane s datotekom kao direktorij\n"
" koji sadrži atribute datoteke (ako sustav to podržava)\n"
"\n"
-" Zadano, simbolične poveznice se slijede kao da je navedena opcija -L.\n"
-" „..“ (ako se pojavi u DIREKTORIJU) obradi se uklanjanjem komponente\n"
-" staze koja mu neposredno prethodi unatrag do kose crte „/“ ili do "
-"početka\n"
+" Zadano, simbolične linkove slijedi kao da je navedena opcija -L.\n"
+" „..” (ako se pojavi u DIREKTORIJU) obradi je uklanjanjem komponente\n"
+" staze koja mu neposredno prethodi unatrag do kose crte „/” ili do početka\n"
" DIREKTORIJA.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ako je direktorij promijenjen i ako je\n"
-" varijabla okoline PWD uspješno postavljena kad je dana opcija „-P“;\n"
+" varijabla okruženja PWD uspješno postavljena kad je dana opcija „-P”;\n"
" u suprotnom završi s kȏdom 1."
-#: builtins.c:430
+#: builtins.c:425
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -L ispiše vrijednost od $PWD ako sadrži trenutni radni direktorij\n"
-" -P ispiše stvarnu fizičku stazu do direktorija bez simboličnih "
-"poveznica\n"
+" -P ispiše stvarnu fizičku stazu do direktorija bez simboličnih linkova\n"
"\n"
-" Bez opcija, â\80\9epwdâ\80\9c se ponaÅ¡a kao da je navedena opcija â\80\9e-Lâ\80\9c\n"
+" Bez opcija, â\80\9epwdâ\80\9d se ponaÅ¡a kao da je navedena opcija â\80\9e-Lâ\80\9d\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije dana nevaljana opcija\n"
" ili se trenutni radni direktorij ne može pročitati."
-#: builtins.c:447
+#: builtins.c:442
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Naredba nema nikakvog efekta, ne radi ništa; uvijek završi uspješno."
-#: builtins.c:458
+#: builtins.c:453
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Uvijek završi uspješno s kȏdom 0."
-#: builtins.c:467
+#: builtins.c:462
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Uvijek završi neuspješno s kȏdom 1."
-#: builtins.c:476
+#: builtins.c:471
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n"
-" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke "
-"commands\n"
+" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n"
" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -p rabi zadanu vrijednost za PATH kao garanciju\n"
" pronalaženja svih standardnih programa\n"
-" -v pokaže ime naredbe koja bi se izvršila similar to the „type“ "
-"builtin\n"
+" -v pokaže ime naredbe koja bi se izvršila similar to the „type” builtin\n"
" -V == kao „-v” ali opširnije\n"
"\n"
" Završi s izlaznim kȏdom NAREDBE\n"
" ili s 1 ako NAREDBA nije pronađena."
-#: builtins.c:495
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:490
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" -u\tto convert the value of each NAME to upper case on assignment\n"
" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n"
" \n"
-" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute, except for a,\n"
-" A, and r.\n"
+" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.\n"
" \n"
" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n"
" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n"
" \n"
-" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the "
-"`local'\n"
+" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n"
" command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" -F prikaže samo imena funkcija bez definicija\n"
" -g stvori globalne varijable samo za upotrebu u funkciji ljuske;\n"
" inače su zanemarene\n"
-" -I ako stvori lokalnu varijablu, neka naslijedi atribute i "
-"vrijednost\n"
+" -I ako stvori lokalnu varijablu, neka naslijedi atribute i vrijednost\n"
" varijable s istim imenom u prethodnom opsegu\n"
" -p prikaže atribute i vrijednost za svako dano IME\n"
"\n"
" Opcije koje postavljaju atribute:\n"
" -a učini od navedenih IMENA indeksirana polja (ako je to podržano)\n"
" -A učini od navedenih IMENA asocijativna polja (ako je to podržano)\n"
-" -i uÄ\8dini da navedena IMENA dobiju â\80\9eintegerâ\80\9c svojstva\n"
+" -i uÄ\8dini da navedena IMENA dobiju â\80\9eintegerâ\80\9d svojstva\n"
" -l pretvori slova navedenih IMENA u mala slova prilikom upotrebe\n"
" -n učini da dano IME referira na varijablu imenovanu\n"
" sa svojom vrijednosti\n"
" -r učini navedena IMENA readonly\n"
-" -t uÄ\8dini da navedena IMENA dobiju â\80\9etraceâ\80\9c svojstva\n"
+" -t uÄ\8dini da navedena IMENA dobiju â\80\9etraceâ\80\9d svojstva\n"
" -u pretvori slova navedenih IMENA u velika slova prilikom upotrebe\n"
" -x označi navedena IMENA za ekport\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9e+â\80\9c umjesto â\80\9e-â\80\9c isključi dani atribut.\n"
+" â\80\9e+â\80\9d umjesto â\80\9e-â\80\9d isključi dani atribut.\n"
"\n"
-" Varijable s â\80\9eintegerâ\80\9c atributom obavljaju aritmetičke operacije tijekom\n"
-" izvoÄ\91enja i upotrebe (pogledajte â\80\9eletâ\80\9c naredbu).\n"
+" Varijable s â\80\9eintegerâ\80\9d atributom obavljaju aritmetičke operacije tijekom\n"
+" izvoÄ\91enja i upotrebe (pogledajte â\80\9eletâ\80\9d naredbu).\n"
"\n"
-" Unutar funkcije â\80\9edeclareâ\80\9c učini navedena IMENA lokalnima, slično kao\n"
-" naredba â\80\9elocalâ\80\9c. Opcija â\80\9e-gâ\80\9c spriječi takvo ponašanje.\n"
+" Unutar funkcije â\80\9edeclareâ\80\9d učini navedena IMENA lokalnima, slično kao\n"
+" naredba â\80\9elocalâ\80\9d. Opcija â\80\9e-gâ\80\9d spriječi takvo ponašanje.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija\n"
" ili se dogodila greška prilikom zadavanja varijabli."
-#: builtins.c:538
+#: builtins.c:532
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Postavi vrijednosti i svojstva varijabli.\n"
"\n"
-" Sinonim za „declare“. Za detalje utipkajte (bez navodnika) „help "
-"declare“."
+" Sinonim za „declare”. Za detalje utipkajte (bez navodnika) „help declare”."
-#: builtins.c:546
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:540
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n"
" be any option accepted by `declare'.\n"
" \n"
-" If any NAME is \"-\", local saves the set of shell options and restores\n"
-" them when the function returns.\n"
-" \n"
" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n"
" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Definira lokalne varijable.\n"
"\n"
-" Stvori lokalnu varijablu IME i dodijeli joj vrijednost. OPCIJA može "
-"biti\n"
-" bilo koja od opcija koju prihvaća naredba „declare“.\n"
+" Stvori lokalnu varijablu IME i dodijeli joj vrijednost. OPCIJA može biti\n"
+" bilo koja od opcija koju prihvaća naredba „declare”.\n"
"\n"
" Lokalne varijable mogu se koristiti samo unutar funkcije i vidljive su\n"
" samo toj funkciji i njezinim potomcima.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako su navedene nevaljane opcije, ili se "
-"dogodila\n"
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako su navedene nevaljane opcije, ili se dogodila\n"
" greška pri dodijeli ili ljuska ne izvrši funkciju."
-#: builtins.c:566
+#: builtins.c:557
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
-" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by "
-"a\n"
+" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a\n"
" newline, on the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t\t0 to 3 octal digits\n"
" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n"
" \t\tcan be one or two hex digits\n"
-" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
-"HHHH.\n"
+" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH.\n"
" \t\tHHHH can be one to four hex digits.\n"
-" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal "
-"value\n"
+" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value\n"
" \t\tHHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" -e interpretira sljedeće backslash (\\) kontrolne kȏdove\n"
" -E ne interpretira sljedeće backslash (\\) kontrolne kȏdove\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9eechoâ\80\9c interpretira ove kontrolne kȏdove:\n"
+" â\80\9eechoâ\80\9d interpretira ove kontrolne kȏdove:\n"
" \\a alert (zvučni signal)\n"
" \\b backspace\n"
" \\c spriječi daljni izlaz\n"
" \\v vertikalni tabulator\n"
" \\\\ backslash (\\)\n"
" \\0NNN znak s ASCII kȏdom NNN (oktalni, 1 do 3 oktalne znamenke)\n"
-" \\xHH osmobitni znak čija je vrijednost HH (heksadecimalna)\n"
-" \\uHHHH unikodni znak čija je vrijednost HHHH (heksadecimalna)\n"
-" HHHH može biti od 1 do 4 heksadecimalne znamenke\n"
-" \\UHHHHHHHH unikodni znak čija je vrijednost HHHH (heksadecimalna)\n"
-" HHHHHHHH može biti od 1 do 8 heksadecimalnih znamenki\n"
+" \\xHH osmobitni znak čija je vrijednost HH (heksadekadska)\n"
+" \\uHHHH unicode znak čija je vrijednost HHHH (heksadekadska)\n"
+" HHHH može biti od 1 do 4 heksadekadske znamenke\n"
+" \\UHHHHHHHH unicode znak čija je vrijednost HHHH (heksadekadska)\n"
+" HHHHHHHH može biti od 1 do 8 heksadekadskih znamenki\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako se ne dogodi greška pri pisanju."
-#: builtins.c:606
+#: builtins.c:597
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Ispiše argumente na standardni izlaz.\n"
"\n"
-" Prikaže ARGUMENTE na standardnom izlazu (pripoji im znak za novi "
-"redak).\n"
-" Opcijom „-n“ može se isključiti pripajanje znaka za novi redak.\n"
+" Prikaže ARGUMENTE na standardnom izlazu (pripoji im znak za novi redak).\n"
+" Opcijom „-n” može se isključiti pripajanje znaka za novi redak.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako se ne dogodi greška pri pisanju."
-#: builtins.c:621
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:612
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n"
" \n"
-" On systems with dynamic loading, the shell variable BASH_LOADABLES_PATH\n"
-" defines a search path for the directory containing FILENAMEs that do\n"
-" not contain a slash. It may include \".\" to force a search of the "
-"current\n"
-" directory.\n"
-" \n"
" To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n"
" version, type `enable -n test'.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Opcije koje upravljaju dinamičko učitavanje:\n"
" -f učita ugrađenu naredbu IME iz dijeljenog objekta DATOTEKA\n"
-" -d ukloni ugraÄ\91enu naredbu uÄ\8ditanu s â\80\9e-fâ\80\9c\n"
+" -d ukloni ugraÄ\91enu naredbu uÄ\8ditanu s â\80\9e-fâ\80\9d\n"
"\n"
" Bez opcija, omogućena su sva navedena IMENA. Bez imena pokazane su\n"
-" omoguÄ\87ene naredbe (ili s â\80\9e-nâ\80\9c onemogućene).\n"
+" omoguÄ\87ene naredbe (ili s â\80\9e-nâ\80\9d onemogućene).\n"
"\n"
-" Primjer: da koristite binarnu datoteku â\80\9etestâ\80\9c koja se nalazi na stazi\n"
+" Primjer: da koristite binarnu datoteku â\80\9etestâ\80\9d koja se nalazi na stazi\n"
" pretraživanja PATH, umjesto ugrađene (test) naredbe, utipkajte\n"
-" (bez navodnika) â\80\9eenable -n testâ\80\9c.\n"
+" (bez navodnika) â\80\9eenable -n testâ\80\9d.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako IME nije ugrađena naredba ili se nije\n"
" dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:654
+#: builtins.c:640
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
-" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the "
-"shell,\n"
+" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n"
" and execute the resulting commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom naredbe ili uspješno ako je naredba prazna."
-#: builtins.c:666
+#: builtins.c:652
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" slova slijedi dvotočka, očekuje se da opcija ima argument koji treba\n"
" biti bjelinom odvojen od opcije.\n"
"\n"
-" Svaki put kad se pozove, getopts će smjestiti sljedeću opciju u "
-"ljuskinu\n"
+" Svaki put kad se pozove, getopts će smjestiti sljedeću opciju u ljuskinu\n"
" varijablu IME (ako IME ne postoji, getopts ga inicijalizira), a indeks\n"
" sljedećeg argumenta koji treba procesirati u ljuskinu varijablu OPTIND.\n"
" OPTIND je inicijaliziran na 1 pri svakom pozivanju ljuske ili ljuskine\n"
" skripte. Ako opcija zahtijeva argument, getopts smjesti taj argument u\n"
" ljuskinu varijablu OPTARG.\n"
"\n"
-" getopts javlja greške na jedan od dva načina. Ako je dvotočka prvi "
-"znaku\n"
+" getopts javlja greške na jedan od dva načina. Ako je dvotočka prvi znaku\n"
" u STRINGU_OPCIJA, getopts tiho prijavi grešku, tj. ne ispisuje poruke o\n"
-" greškama. Ako naiđe na nevaljanu opciju, getopts smjesti nađeni znak "
-"opcije\n"
-" u OPTARG. Ako zahtijevani argument nije pronađen, getopts smjesti „:“ u "
-"IME\n"
-" i postavi OPTARG na pronađeni znak opcije. Ako getopts ne radi tiho i "
-"naiđe\n"
-" na nevaljanu opciju, getopts smjesti „?“ u IME i poništi OPTARG.\n"
-" Ako zahtijevani argument nije pronađen, getopts smjesti „?“ u IME, "
-"poništi\n"
+" greškama. Ako naiđe na nevaljanu opciju, getopts smjesti nađeni znak opcije\n"
+" u OPTARG. Ako zahtijevani argument nije pronađen, getopts smjesti „:” u IME\n"
+" i postavi OPTARG na pronađeni znak opcije. Ako getopts ne radi tiho i naiđe\n"
+" na nevaljanu opciju, getopts smjesti „?” u IME i poništi OPTARG.\n"
+" Ako zahtijevani argument nije pronađen, getopts smjesti „?” u IME, poništi\n"
" OPTARG i ispiše poruku o greškama.\n"
"\n"
" Ako ljuskina varijabla OPTERR ima vrijednost 0, getopts onemogući ispis\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ako pronađe opciju; ako naiđe na kraj opcija\n"
" ili ako se dogodi greška, završi s neuspjehom."
-#: builtins.c:708
+#: builtins.c:694
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n"
-" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not "
-"specified,\n"
+" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n"
" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -c\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n"
" -l\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
" \n"
-" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, "
-"unless\n"
+" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n"
" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Zamijeni ljusku s danom naredbom.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -a IME dȁde IME kao nulti argument NAREDBI\n"
" -c izvrši NAREDBU u praznoj okolini\n"
-" -l proslijedi crticu (â\80\9e-â\80\9c) kao nulti argument NAREDBE\n"
+" -l proslijedi crticu (â\80\9e-â\80\9d) kao nulti argument NAREDBE\n"
"\n"
" Ako se naredba ne može izvršiti, ne-interaktivna ljuska završi,\n"
-" osim ako je aktivna opcija ljuske â\80\9eexecfailâ\80\9c.\n"
+" osim ako je aktivna opcija ljuske â\80\9eexecfailâ\80\9d.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom, osim ako NAREDBA nije pronađena ili se dogodila\n"
" greška preusmjeravanja."
-#: builtins.c:729
+#: builtins.c:715
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom N. Bez N završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:738
+#: builtins.c:724
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
-" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not "
-"executed\n"
+" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
"Izlaz iz prijavne ljuske.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom N. Završi s greškom ako to nije prijavna ljuska."
-#: builtins.c:748
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:734
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
-" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history "
-"list.\n"
+" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n"
" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n"
" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n"
" string.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then "
-"EDITOR,\n"
+" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n"
" \t\tthen vi\n"
" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n"
" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n"
" runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes\n"
" the last command.\n"
" \n"
-" The history builtin also operates on the history list.\n"
-" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Prikaže ili izvrši naredbe iz popisa povijesti.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -e EDITOR ime EDITORA koji će se koristi; zadano, koristi se FCEDIT,\n"
-" zatim EDITOR ili konaÄ\8dno â\80\9eviâ\80\9c\n"
+" zatim EDITOR ili konaÄ\8dno â\80\9eviâ\80\9d\n"
" -l izlista popis naredbi (umjesto uređivanja)\n"
" -n popis bez brojeva\n"
" -r popis s obrnutim redoslijedom (najnovija prva)\n"
" U obliku „fc -s [UZORAK=ZAMJENA...] [NAREDBA]”,\n"
" „fc” nakon provedenih naznačenih supstitucija ponovno izvrši NAREDBU.\n"
"\n"
-" Prikladni alias s ovom funkcijom je r='fc -s'. Tako, utipkani „r“ "
-"izvrši\n"
-" ponovno posljednju naredbu, a utipkani „r cc“ izvrši posljednju naredbu\n"
-" koja započinje s „cc“.\n"
+" Prikladni alias s ovom funkcijom je r='fc -s'. Tako, utipkani „r” izvrši\n"
+" ponovno posljednju naredbu, a utipkani „r cc” izvrši posljednju naredbu\n"
+" koja započinje s „cc”.\n"
" \n"
" Završi s kȏdom izvršene naredbe, a različito od 0 ako se dogodi greška."
-#: builtins.c:780
+#: builtins.c:764
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Premjesti posao u prednji plan.\n"
"\n"
-" Premjesti specificirani posao u prednji plan i učini ga trenutnim "
-"poslom.\n"
+" Premjesti specificirani posao u prednji plan i učini ga trenutnim poslom.\n"
" Bez navedene specifikacije posla, premjesti u prednji plan posao koji\n"
" ljuska smatra trenutnim.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s kȏdom trenutne naredbe u prednjem planu ili s neuspjehom ako "
-"se\n"
+" Završi s kȏdom trenutne naredbe u prednjem planu ili s neuspjehom ako se\n"
" dogodi greška."
-#: builtins.c:795
+#: builtins.c:779
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
-" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if "
-"they\n"
-" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's "
-"notion\n"
+" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n"
+" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n"
" of the current job is used.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Premjesti poslove u pozadinu.\n"
"\n"
-" Premjesti specificirane poslove u pozadinu, kao da su pokrenuti s â\80\9e&â\80\9c\n"
+" Premjesti specificirane poslove u pozadinu, kao da su pokrenuti s â\80\9e&â\80\9d\n"
" Ako nije navedena nijedna SPECIFIKACIJA_POSLA, premjesti u pozadinu\n"
" posao koji ljuska smatra trenutnim.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako upravljanje poslovima nije omogućeno\n"
" ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:809
+#: builtins.c:793
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n"
-" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is "
-"displayed.\n"
+" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -d\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n"
" Svako navedeno IME traži se u $PATH i doda se popisu zapamćenih\n"
" naredbi.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije pronađeno IME ili je dana nevaljana "
-"opcija."
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije pronađeno IME ili je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:834
+#: builtins.c:818
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" PATTERN\tPattern specifying a help topic\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
"Prikaže podatke o ugrađenim (builtins) naredbama.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -d ukratko opisano djelovanje naredbe\n"
" -m prikaže uporabu u pseudo manpage formatu\n"
-" -s prikaže samo sažetak uporabe za svaku naredbu koja podudara "
-"UZORAK\n"
+" -s prikaže samo sažetak uporabe za svaku naredbu koja podudara UZORAK\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako UZORAK nije pronađen, ili je dana nevaljana\n"
" opcija."
-#: builtins.c:858
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:842
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n"
" \n"
" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n"
-" if HISTFILE has a value, that is used. If FILENAME is not supplied\n"
-" and HISTFILE is unset or null, the -a, -n, -r, and -w options have\n"
-" no effect and return success.\n"
-" \n"
-" The fc builtin also operates on the history list.\n"
+" if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n"
" \n"
" If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
-" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed "
-"otherwise.\n"
+" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
"Prikaže ili manipulira povijest naredbi.\n"
"\n"
" Prikaže numerirani popis izvršenih naredbi (povijest); ispred\n"
-" modificiranih stavki stoji prefiks â\80\9e*â\80\9c. S argumentom N\n"
+" modificiranih stavki stoji prefiks â\80\9e*â\80\9d. S argumentom N\n"
" ispiše samo N posljednjih redaka povijesti.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -d POZICIJA izbriše redak povijesti na toj POZICIJI. Negativna\n"
" POZICIJA odbrojava od kraja popisa.\n"
"\n"
-" -a doda trenutnu povijest â\80\9epovijesnojâ\80\9c datoteci\n"
+" -a doda trenutnu povijest â\80\9epovijesnojâ\80\9d datoteci\n"
" -n doda sve nepročitane retke povijesne datoteke\n"
" trenutnom popisu povijesti\n"
" -r pročita i doda povijesnu datoteku\n"
" bez spremanja u povijesni popis\n"
" -s doda ARGUMENTE kao jednu stavku popisu povijesti\n"
"\n"
-" Ako je dana, DATOTEKA se koristi se kao povijesna datoteka; ako nije "
-"dana,\n"
+" Ako je dana, DATOTEKA se koristi se kao povijesna datoteka; ako nije dana,\n"
" koristi se varijabla HISTFILE (ako ima vrijednost). Inače se koristi\n"
" ~/.bash_history.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila\n"
" greška."
-#: builtins.c:899
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" -s ograniči izlaz samo na zaustavljene poslove\n"
"\n"
" Ako je navedena opcija '-x', dana NAREDBA će se izvršiti tek nakon\n"
-" zatvaranja svih navedenih poslova u ARGUMENTIMA (tj. njihov ID procesa "
-"je\n"
+" zatvaranja svih navedenih poslova u ARGUMENTIMA (tj. njihov ID procesa je\n"
" zamijenjen s ID-om njima nadređenog procesa).\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila "
-"greška.\n"
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška.\n"
" Ako je dana opcija -x, završi sa izlaznim kȏdom NAREDBE."
-#: builtins.c:926
+#: builtins.c:906
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili nije\n"
" navedena SPECIFIKACIJA_POSLA."
-#: builtins.c:945
+#: builtins.c:925
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
"Pošalje signal poslu.\n"
"\n"
" Procesima označenim s PID-om ili sa SPECIFIKACIJOM_POSLA pošalje signal\n"
-" naveden brojem ili imenom. Ako nije naveden ni broj ni ime, „kill” "
-"pošalje\n"
+" naveden brojem ili imenom. Ako nije naveden ni broj ni ime, „kill” pošalje\n"
" SIGTERM.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -s IME IME je ime signala koji se šalje\n"
" -n BROJ BROJ je broj signala koji se šalje\n"
-" -l izlista imena dostupnih signala; ako su dani "
-"argumenti\n"
-" iza „-l“, to su brojevi signala čija odgovarajuća\n"
+" -l izlista imena dostupnih signala; ako su dani argumenti\n"
+" iza „-l”, to su brojevi signala čija odgovarajuća\n"
" imena treba ispisati\n"
" -L == -l\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9ekillâ\80\9c je ugrađena ljuskina naredba iz dva razloga: dopušta korištenje\n"
+" â\80\9ekillâ\80\9d je ugrađena ljuskina naredba iz dva razloga: dopušta korištenje\n"
" ID posla umjesto ID procesa i također dopušta ubiti procese iako\n"
" ste dostigli vaše ograničenje za broj procesa koje možete stvoriti;\n"
" tj. ne morate pokrenuti novi proces da ubijete prekobrojne procese.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila "
-"greška."
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:969
+#: builtins.c:949
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n"
" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n"
" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n"
-" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are "
-"listed\n"
+" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n"
" in order of decreasing precedence.\n"
" \n"
" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n"
" obavlja za cijele brojeve fiksne širine bez provjere prelijevanja.\n"
" Ipak, dijeljenje s nulom se detektira i prijavi kao greška.\n"
"\n"
-" Popis koji slijedi opisuje operatore s jednakom prednošću u istom "
-"retku,\n"
+" Popis koji slijedi opisuje operatore s jednakom prednošću u istom retku,\n"
" a redci su poredani po opadajućoj prednosti.\n"
"\n"
" var++, var-- post-inkrement, post-dekrement varijable\n"
"\n"
" Varijable ljuske su dopuštene kao parametri. Ime varijable se zamijeni\n"
" s njezinom vrijednošću (ako treba, pretvori se u cijeli broj).\n"
-" Varijable, za upotrebu u izrazima, ne moraju imati atribut cijelog "
-"broja.\n"
+" Varijable, za upotrebu u izrazima, ne moraju imati atribut cijelog broja.\n"
"\n"
" Operatori se vrednuju prema pravilima prednosti. Najprije se\n"
" vrednuju pod-izrazi u zagradama i tako mogu redefinirati gore\n"
" opisana pravilila prednosti.\n"
"\n"
-" Ako je vrednovanje zadnjeg ARGUMENTA nula (0), â\80\9eletâ\80\9c završi s kȏdom 1;\n"
+" Ako je vrednovanje zadnjeg ARGUMENTA nula (0), â\80\9eletâ\80\9d završi s kȏdom 1;\n"
" inače završi s uspjehom."
-#: builtins.c:1014
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:994
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n"
-" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with "
-"word\n"
+" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n"
" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n"
" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n"
-" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as "
-"word\n"
-" delimiters. By default, the backslash character escapes delimiter "
-"characters\n"
+" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n"
+" delimiters. By default, the backslash character escapes delimiter characters\n"
" and newline.\n"
" \n"
-" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY "
-"variable.\n"
+" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n"
" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n"
" \t\tthan newline\n"
" -e\tuse Readline to obtain the line\n"
-" -E\tuse Readline to obtain the line and use the bash default\n"
-" \t\tcompletion instead of Readline's default completion\n"
" -i text\tuse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n"
" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n"
" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than\n"
" \t\tNCHARS characters are read before the delimiter\n"
-" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, "
-"unless\n"
+" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n"
" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any\n"
" \t\tdelimiter\n"
" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n"
" -u fd\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times "
-"out\n"
-" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error "
-"occurs,\n"
+" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out\n"
+" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
"Pročita redak iz standardnog ulaza i razdijeli ga na polja.\n"
"\n"
" Pročita jedan redak iz standardnog ulaza (ili navedenog deskriptora\n"
-" datoteke FD ako je dana opcija „-u“) i dodijeli prvu riječ prvom IMENU,\n"
-" drugu riječ drugom IMENU, i tako dalje; preostale riječi dodijeli "
-"zadnjem\n"
+" datoteke FD ako je dana opcija „-u”) i dodijeli prvu riječ prvom IMENU,\n"
+" drugu riječ drugom IMENU, i tako dalje; preostale riječi dodijeli zadnjem\n"
" IMENU. Samo se znakovi sadržani u varijabli $IFS prepoznaju kao MEĐA\n"
-" (separator riječi). Zadano, obratna kosa crta (backslash) maskira "
-"znakove\n"
+" (separator riječi). Zadano, obratna kosa crta (backslash) maskira znakove\n"
" za separator i znak za novi redak.\n"
"\n"
-" Ako nije navedeno nijedno IME, pročitani redak se spremi u varijablu "
-"REPLY.\n"
+" Ako nije navedeno nijedno IME, pročitani redak se spremi u varijablu REPLY.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -a POLJE pročitane riječi dodijeli sekvencijalnim indeksima POLJA\n"
" počevši od nule\n"
-" -d MEĐA nastavi čitati sve dok ne pročita prvu MEĐU (umjesto LF "
-"znaka)\n"
-" -e rabi „Readline“ za dobaviti redak\n"
-" -i TEKST rabi TEKST kao početni tekst za „Readline“\n"
+" -d MEĐA nastavi čitati sve dok ne pročita prvu MEĐU (umjesto LF znaka)\n"
+" -e rabi „Readline” za dobaviti redak\n"
+" -i TEKST rabi TEKST kao početni tekst za „Readline”\n"
" -n BROJ zaustavi čitanje nakon pročitanih ne više od BROJ znakova\n"
" ili nakon LF znaka (umjesto da uvijek čeka na LF znak)\n"
" -N BROJ zaustavi čitanje samo nakon pročitanih ne više od BROJ\n"
" znakova ili nakon EOF znaka ili nakon isteka „t SEKUNDA\n"
-" -p PROMPT ispiše taj string kao prompt (bez LF) prije početka "
-"čitanja\n"
+" -p PROMPT ispiše taj string kao prompt (bez LF) prije početka čitanja\n"
" -r backslash je doslovno kosa crta (nema posebno značenje)\n"
" -s ne odjekuje (echo) ulaz koji dolazi iz terminala\n"
-" -t BROJ nakon isteka BROJA sekundi prestane čekati na ulaz i "
-"završi\n"
+" -t BROJ nakon isteka BROJA sekundi prestane čekati na ulaz i završi\n"
" s kȏdom većim od 128; zadano, broj sekundi čekanja je\n"
-" vrijednost varijable TMOUT; BROJ može biti i realni "
-"broj;\n"
-" Ako je BROJ = 0, „read“ završi odmah bez da išta čita, a\n"
+" vrijednost varijable TMOUT; BROJ može biti i realni broj;\n"
+" Ako je BROJ = 0, „read” završi odmah bez da išta čita, a\n"
" samo ako je ulaz dostupni na specificiranom deskriptoru\n"
" datoteke Završi s uspjehom\n"
"\n"
-" -u FD čita iz deskriptora datoteke FD umjesto iz standardnog "
-"ulaza\n"
+" -u FD čita iz deskriptora datoteke FD umjesto iz standardnog ulaza\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako ne naiđe na konac datoteke (EOF) ili je\n"
" isteklo vrijeme čekanja ili se dogodila greška pri dodjeli ili je\n"
-" naveden nevaljani deskriptor datoteke kao argument opciji â\80\9e-uâ\80\9c."
+" naveden nevaljani deskriptor datoteke kao argument opciji â\80\9e-uâ\80\9d."
-#: builtins.c:1064
+#: builtins.c:1042
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-"VraÄ\8danje iz funkcije ljuske.\n"
+"VraÄ\87anje iz funkcije ljuske.\n"
"\n"
" Učini da funkcija ili pokrenuta skripta završi sa izlaznom vrijednošću\n"
" specificiranom s N. Ako N nije dan, završi s kȏdom zadnje naredbe\n"
"\n"
" Vrati vrijednost N ili 1 ako ljuska ne izvrši funkciju ili skriptu."
-#: builtins.c:1077
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1055
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" physical same as -P\n"
" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n"
" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n"
-" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero "
-"status\n"
+" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n"
" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n"
" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n"
" match the standard\n"
" by default when the shell is interactive.\n"
" -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands\n"
" such as cd which change the current directory.\n"
-" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell "
-"functions.\n"
+" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell functions.\n"
" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
" If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n"
" are unset.\n"
" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n"
" \n"
-" If -o is supplied with no option-name, set prints the current shell\n"
-" option settings. If +o is supplied with no option-name, set prints a\n"
-" series of set commands to recreate the current option settings.\n"
-" \n"
" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n"
" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n"
" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n"
"Postavlja ili uklanja vrijednosti opcija ljuske i pozicijskih parametara.\n"
"\n"
" Mijenja svojstva ljuske i vrijednosti pozicijskih parametara.\n"
-" Bez opcija ili argumenata „set” ispiše imena i vrijednosti svih "
-"definiranih\n"
+" Bez opcija ili argumenata „set” ispiše imena i vrijednosti svih definiranih\n"
" varijabli i funkcija u obliku koji se može iskoristiti kao ulaz.\n"
-" Dostupne su sljedeće opcije („+“ umjesto „-“ onemogući navedenu "
-"opciju):\n"
+" Dostupne su sljedeće opcije („+” umjesto „-” onemogući navedenu opciju):\n"
"\n"
" -a automatski izveze nove ili modificirane varijable i funkcije\n"
" -B izvrši zamjenu vitičastih zagrada (brace expansion), zadano;\n"
" -b odmah prijavi prekid posla (ne čeka da završi trenutna naredba)\n"
" -C onemogući da preusmjereni izvoz piše preko regularnih datoteka\n"
-" -E omogući da bilo koji ERR „trap“ naslijede funkcije ljuske i "
-"potomci\n"
+" -E omogući da bilo koji ERR „trap” naslijede funkcije ljuske i potomci\n"
" -e završi odmah ako naredba završi s kȏdom različitim od nula\n"
-" -f onemogući zamjenske znakove za imena datoteka (isključi "
-"„globbing“)\n"
-" -H omogući upotrebu znaka „!“ za pozivanje naredbi iz povijesti "
-"(zadano)\n"
+" -f onemogući zamjenske znakove za imena datoteka (isključi „globbing”)\n"
+" -H omogući upotrebu znaka „!” za pozivanje naredbi iz povijesti (zadano)\n"
" -h pamti (apsolutne) lokacije izvršenih naredbi (zadano)\n"
" -k sve argumente dodijeljene varijablama smjesti u okolinu\n"
" (a ne samo one argumente koji prethode imenu naredbe)\n"
" -m upravljanje poslovima je omogućeno (zadano)\n"
" -n pročita, ali ne izvrši naredbe\n"
" -o IME_OPCIJE omogući tu opciju (v. niže duge nazive za IME_OPCIJE)\n"
-" -P ne razriješi simbolične poveznice pri izvršavanju naredbi poput "
-"„cd“\n"
-" koje promjene trenutni direktorij\n"
+" -P ne razriješi simbolične linkove pri izvršavanju naredbi poput „cd”\n"
+" koje promijene trenutni direktorij\n"
" -p uključi privilegirani način: datoteke BASH_ENV i ENV se zanemare,\n"
-" funkcije ljuske se ne uvoze iz okoline, a zanemari se i\n"
-" sve SHELLOPTS; taj način se automatski aktivira kad god se "
-"stvarni\n"
+" funkcije ljuske se ne uvoze iz okruženja, a zanemari se i\n"
+" sve SHELLOPTS; taj način se automatski aktivira kad god se stvarni\n"
" i efektivni UID i GID ne podudaraju. Isključivanje ove opcije\n"
" učini da je efektivni UID i GID isti kao i stvarni UID i GID.\n"
-" -T DEBUG i RETURN â\80\9etrapâ\80\9c naslijede funkcije ljuske i potomci\n"
+" -T DEBUG i RETURN â\80\9etrapâ\80\9d naslijede funkcije ljuske i potomci\n"
" -t završi nakon čitanja i izvršenja jedne naredbe\n"
-" -u tretira korištenje nepostojećih varijabli kao grešku pri "
-"supstituciji\n"
+" -u tretira korištenje nepostojećih varijabli kao grešku pri supstituciji\n"
" -v ispisuje ulaz (odjekuje ih) istovremeno dok čitam\n"
" -x ispisuje naredbe s argumentima istovremeno dok izvršava\n"
-" -- dodijeli sve preostale argumente pozicijskim parametrima; ako "
-"nema\n"
+" -- dodijeli sve preostale argumente pozicijskim parametrima; ako nema\n"
" preostalih argumenata, postojeći pozicijski argumenti se brišu\n"
" - isključi opcije -v i -x; argumenti koji slijede su pozicijski\n"
" parametri (ali ako ih nema, postojeći pozicijski argumenti\n"
" se ne brišu)\n"
"\n"
" Opcije se mogu koristiti i pri pokretanju ljuske. Trenutno stanje\n"
-" svojstva može se naći u $-. Podrazumijeva se da su svi dodatni "
-"argumenti\n"
+" svojstva može se naći u $-. Podrazumijeva se da su svi dodatni argumenti\n"
" pozicijski i dodijeljeni su u $1, $2, .. $N.\n"
"\n"
" Dugi nazivi za IME_OPCIJE koji se koriste s opcijom -o (ili +o)\n"
" allexport == -a\n"
" braceexpand == -B (zamjena vitičastih zagrada)\n"
-" emacs za ureÄ\91ivanje redaka koristi suÄ\8delje u â\80\9eemacsâ\80\9c stilu\n"
+" emacs za ureÄ\91ivanje redaka koristi suÄ\8delje u â\80\9eemacsâ\80\9d stilu\n"
" errexit == -e\n"
" errtrace == -E\n"
" functrace == -T\n"
" hashall == -h\n"
" histexpand == -H\n"
-" history omoguÄ\87i naredbu â\80\9ehistoryâ\80\9c\n"
+" history omoguÄ\87i naredbu â\80\9ehistoryâ\80\9d\n"
" ignoreeof zanemari Ctrl-D; ne završi (ne iziđe iz) ljusku na EOF\n"
" interactive-comments dopusti komentiranje u interaktivnim naredbama\n"
" keyword == -k\n"
" nounset == -u\n"
" onecmd == -t\n"
" physical == -P\n"
-" pipefail cjevovod vrati vrijednost izlaznog koda zadnje "
-"neuspješne\n"
+" pipefail cjevovod vrati vrijednost izlaznog koda zadnje neuspješne\n"
" naredbe ili 0 ako su svi poslovi uspješno završeni\n"
" posix striktno poštuje POSIX standard\n"
" privileged == -p\n"
" verbose == -v\n"
-" vi za ureÄ\91ivanje redaka koristi suÄ\8delje u â\80\9eviâ\80\9c stilu\n"
+" vi za ureÄ\91ivanje redaka koristi suÄ\8delje u â\80\9eviâ\80\9d stilu\n"
" xtrace == -x\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:1166
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" -n\ttreat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself\n"
" \t\trather than the variable it references\n"
" \n"
-" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that "
-"fails,\n"
+" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n"
" tries to unset a function.\n"
" \n"
" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n"
" -n tretira svako IME kao referenciju na neki objekt i ukloni\n"
" samu varijablu IME umjesto referiranog objekta\n"
"\n"
-" Bez opcija, â\80\9eunsetâ\80\9c prvo pokuša ukloniti varijablu, a ako to\n"
+" Bez opcija, â\80\9eunsetâ\80\9d prvo pokuša ukloniti varijablu, a ako to\n"
" ne uspije, onda pokuša ukloniti funkciju. Neke varijable nije moguće\n"
" ukloniti; pogledajte „readonly.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili IME je\n"
-" â\80\9esamo-za-Ä\8ditanjeâ\80\9c. (bez navodnika)"
+" â\80\9esamo-za-Ä\8ditanjeâ\80\9d. (bez navodnika)"
-#: builtins.c:1188
+#: builtins.c:1162
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n"
-" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before "
-"exporting.\n"
+" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
" -n ukloni izvezeni atribut iz svakog IMENA\n"
" -p izlista popis svih izvezenih varijabli i funkcija\n"
"\n"
-" Argument â\80\9e--â\80\9c spriječi daljnje procesiranje opcija.\n"
+" Argument â\80\9e--â\80\9d spriječi daljnje procesiranje opcija.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili nije navedeno\n"
" valjano IME."
-#: builtins.c:1207
+#: builtins.c:1181
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Označi svako IME kao nepromjenjivo (readonly), tako da se vrijednosti\n"
" ovih IMENA ne mogu promijeniti kasnijim operacijama. Ako je dana\n"
-" VRIJEDNOST, prvo mu dodijeli VRIJEDNOST, a zatim ga označi "
-"nepromjenjivim.\n"
+" VRIJEDNOST, prvo mu dodijeli VRIJEDNOST, a zatim ga označi nepromjenjivim.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -a svako IME se odnosi na varijable indeksiranog polja\n"
" -A svako IME se odnosi na varijable asocijativnog polja\n"
" -f svako IME se odnosi na funkcije ljuske\n"
" -p prikaže popis svih nepromjenjivih varijabli ili funkcija\n"
-" ovisno o opciji â\80\9e-fâ\80\9c (je li ili nije dana).\n"
+" ovisno o opciji â\80\9e-fâ\80\9d (je li ili nije dana).\n"
"\n"
-" Argument â\80\9e--â\80\9c onemogući daljnje obrađivanje opcija.\n"
+" Argument â\80\9e--â\80\9d onemogući daljnje obrađivanje opcija.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili je IME nevaljano."
-#: builtins.c:1229
+#: builtins.c:1203
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je N negativni ili veći od $#."
-#: builtins.c:1241 builtins.c:1257
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1215 builtins.c:1230
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
-" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. If the\n"
-" -p option is supplied, the PATH argument is treated as a colon-\n"
-" separated list of directories to search for FILENAME. If -p is not\n"
-" supplied, $PATH is searched to find FILENAME. If any ARGUMENTS are\n"
-" supplied, they become the positional parameters when FILENAME is "
-"executed.\n"
+" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n"
+" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n"
+" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n"
+" when FILENAME is executed.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe iz DATOTEKE ili s kȏdom 1 ako se\n"
" DATOTEKA ne može pročitati."
-#: builtins.c:1274
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1246
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n"
-" Unless forced, login shells and shells without job control cannot be\n"
-" suspended.\n"
+" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell or job\n"
-" \t\tcontrol is not enabled.\n"
+" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako upravljanje poslovima nije omogućeno\n"
" ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1262
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n"
" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n"
" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n"
-" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last "
-"read.\n"
+" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n"
" \n"
" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n"
" modification date).\n"
" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
" True if the strings are not equal.\n"
" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
-" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 "
-"lexicographically.\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" \n"
" ili binarni. Unarni izrazi se često koriste za ispitivanje stanja\n"
" datoteke. Također postoje operatori za usporedbu stringova i brojeva.\n"
"\n"
-" PonaÅ¡anje od â\80\9etestâ\80\9c ovisi o broju argumenata. Potražite u â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c\n"
+" PonaÅ¡anje od â\80\9etestâ\80\9d ovisi o broju argumenata. Potražite u â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d\n"
" uputama detalje za uporabu.\n"
"\n"
" Operatori za datoteke:\n"
" -d DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka direktorij\n"
" -e DATOTEKA istina ako datoteka postoji\n"
" -f DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka regularna datoteka\n"
-" -G DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka efektivno vlasništvo vaše "
-"skupine\n"
+" -G DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka efektivno vlasništvo vaše skupine\n"
" -g DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka SETGUID\n"
-" -h DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka simbolična poveznica\n"
-" -k DATOTEKA istina ako datoteka ima postavljeni \"sticky\" "
-"bit\n"
-" -L DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka simbolična poveznica\n"
-" -N DATOTEKA istina ako se datoteka promijenila od zadnjeg "
-"čitanja\n"
+" -h DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka simbolični link\n"
+" -k DATOTEKA istina ako datoteka ima postavljeni \"sticky\" bit\n"
+" -L DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka simbolični link\n"
+" -N DATOTEKA istina ako se datoteka promijenila od zadnjeg čitanja\n"
" -O DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka efektivno vaše vlasništvo\n"
" -p DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka imenovana cijev\n"
" -r DATOTEKA istina ako vi možete čitati datoteku\n"
" -S DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka utičnica\n"
" -s DATOTEKA istina ako datoteka nije prazna\n"
-" -t DESKRIPTOR istina ako je deskriptor datoteke otvoren u "
-"terminalu\n"
+" -t DESKRIPTOR istina ako je deskriptor datoteke otvoren u terminalu\n"
" -u DATOTEKA istina ako je datoteka SETUID\n"
" -w DATOTEKA istina ako vi možete pisati datoteku\n"
" -x DATOTEKA istina ako vi možete izvršiti datoteku\n"
" kasnije od druge\n"
" DTEKA1 -ot DTEKA2 istina ako je prva datoteka promijenjena\n"
" ranije od druge\n"
-" DTEKA1 -ef DTEKA2 istina ako je prva datoteka čvrsta poveznica na "
-"drugu\n"
+" DTEKA1 -ef DTEKA2 istina ako je prva datoteka čvrsti link na drugu\n"
"\n"
" Operatori za stringove:\n"
" -z STRING istina ako je string prazni\n"
" Ostali operatori:\n"
" -o OPCIJA istina ako je ova OPCIJA ljuske omogućena\n"
" -v VARIJABLA istina ako ova VARIJABLA ima vrijednost\n"
-" -R VARIJABLA istina ako je ova VARIJABLA referencija "
-"(nameref) \n"
+" -R VARIJABLA istina ako je ova VARIJABLA referencija (nameref) \n"
" ! IZRAZ istina ako IZRAZ neistinit\n"
" IZRAZ1 -a IZRAZ2 istina ako su oba izraza istinita\n"
" IZRAZ1 -o IZRAZ2 laž ako su oba izraza neistinita\n"
" ARG1 OP ARG2 istina ako je aritmetika valjana; operator OP je\n"
" jedan od: -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt ili -ge;\n"
-" koji znače: jednako, nejednako, manje od, "
-"manje,\n"
+" koji znače: jednako, nejednako, manje od, manje,\n"
" ili jednako, veće od, veće ili jednako.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ako je IZRAZ istinit, 1 ako je IZRAZ neistinit,\n"
" ili 2 ako je dan nevaljan argument."
-#: builtins.c:1374
+#: builtins.c:1344
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Provjeri uvjetni izraz.\n"
"\n"
-" To je sinonim za ugraÄ\91enu funkciju â\80\9etestâ\80\9c, ali zadnji argument\n"
-" mora biti zagrada â\80\9e]â\80\9c kao par zagradi â\80\9e[â\80\9c na početku."
+" To je sinonim za ugraÄ\91enu funkciju â\80\9etestâ\80\9d, ali zadnji argument\n"
+" mora biti zagrada â\80\9e]â\80\9d kao par zagradi â\80\9e[â\80\9d na početku."
-#: builtins.c:1383
+#: builtins.c:1353
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
-" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of "
-"its\n"
+" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n"
" child processes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
"\n"
" Završi uvijek s kȏdom 0."
-#: builtins.c:1395
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1365
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
-" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives "
-"signals\n"
+" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n"
" or other conditions.\n"
" \n"
-" ACTION is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
-" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ACTION is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
+" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
" is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original\n"
-" value. If ACTION is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
+" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n"
" \n"
-" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ACTION is executed on exit from the shell.\n"
-" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ACTION is executed before every simple "
-"command\n"
-" and selected other commands. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ACTION is\n"
-" executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source\n"
-" builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute "
-"ACTION\n"
-" each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e\n"
-" option is enabled.\n"
-" \n"
-" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands "
-"associated\n"
-" with each trapped signal in a form that may be reused as shell input to\n"
-" restore the same signal dispositions.\n"
+" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a\n"
+" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the\n"
+" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n"
+" with each signal.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n"
-" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC in a\n"
-" \t\tform that may be reused as shell input; or for all trapped\n"
-" \t\tsignals if no arguments are supplied\n"
-" -P\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC. At "
-"least\n"
-" \t\tone SIGNAL_SPEC must be supplied. -P and -p cannot be used\n"
-" \t\ttogether.\n"
-" \n"
-" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal "
-"number.\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" \n"
+" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.\n"
" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n"
" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
"Prikupljanje (hvatanje) signala i drugih događaja.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" ARGUMENT je naredba koja se pročita i izvrši kad ljuska primi jedan od\n"
" specificiranih signala (SIGNAL_SPEC). Ako nema ARGUMENTA (i dan je samo\n"
-" jedan signal) ili ARGUMENT je „-“, specificirani signal zadobije svoju\n"
-" originalnu vrijednost (koju je imao na startu ove ljuske). Ako je "
-"ARGUMENT\n"
+" jedan signal) ili ARGUMENT je „-”, specificirani signal zadobije svoju\n"
+" originalnu vrijednost (koju je imao na startu ove ljuske). Ako je ARGUMENT\n"
" prazni string, ljuska i njezini potomci zanemare svaki SIGNAL_SPEC.\n"
"\n"
" Ako je SIGNAL_SPEC 0 ili EXIT, ARGUMENT se izvrši kad zatvorite\n"
" (exit) ljusku. Ako je SIGNAL_SPEC DEBUG, ARGUMENT se izvrši prije\n"
" svake jednostavne naredbe. Ako je SIGNAL_SPEC RETURN, ARGUMENT se\n"
" izvrši svaki put kad funkcija ljuske ili skripta izvršena s . ili\n"
-" â\80\9eugraÄ\91eni sourceâ\80\9c završi izvršavanje. SIGNAL_SPEC ERR znači da se\n"
+" â\80\9eugraÄ\91eni sourceâ\80\9d završi izvršavanje. SIGNAL_SPEC ERR znači da se\n"
" ARGUMENT izvrši nakon neuspješne naredbe koja bi uzrokovala da ljuska\n"
-" zavrÅ¡i (exit) kad je opcija â\80\9e-eâ\80\9c omogućena.\n"
+" zavrÅ¡i (exit) kad je opcija â\80\9e-eâ\80\9d omogućena.\n"
"\n"
-" Bez argumenta, â\80\9etrapâ\80\9c izlista popis koji prikaže asocijaciju\n"
+" Bez argumenta, â\80\9etrapâ\80\9d izlista popis koji prikaže asocijaciju\n"
" između naredbi i signala.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -p prikaže koja naredba je povezana sa svakim signalom\n"
"\n"
" Svaki je SIGNAL_SPEC ili ime signala iz <signal.h> ili broj signala.\n"
-" Signal se može poslati ljusci s â\80\9ekill -signal $$â\80\9c.\n"
+" Signal se može poslati ljusci s â\80\9ekill -signal $$â\80\9d.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako SIGNAL_SPEC nije valjan ili je dana\n"
" nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:1438
+#: builtins.c:1401
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
-"found."
+" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
msgstr ""
"Prikaže informacije o tipu naredbe.\n"
"\n"
-" Pokaže, kako bi se interpretiralo svako dano IME kad bi se IME "
-"koristilo\n"
+" Pokaže, kako bi se interpretiralo svako dano IME kad bi se IME koristilo\n"
" kao naredba.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -a prikaže sve lokacije koje sadrže izvršnu datoteku IME; ako nije\n"
-" dana opcija â\80\9e-pâ\80\9c prikaže i aliase, ugrađene naredbe ljuske,\n"
+" dana opcija â\80\9e-pâ\80\9d prikaže i aliase, ugrađene naredbe ljuske,\n"
" funkcije, ključne riječi, i datoteke na disku\n"
" -f zanemari funkcije ljuske (ne traži ih, slično naredbi „command”)\n"
" -P traži svako navedeno IME po stazama u PATH, čak i ako je IME\n"
" datoteke na disku\n"
" -p ispiše ime izvršne datoteke na disku ili ništa ako je IME alias,\n"
" ugrađena naredba ljuske, funkcija ili ključna riječ\n"
-" -t ispiÅ¡e samo vrstu navedenih IMENA: â\80\9ealiasâ\80\9c, â\80\9ebuiltinâ\80\9c, â\80\9efileâ\80\9c,\n"
-" â\80\9efunctionâ\80\9c ili â\80\9ekeywordâ\80\9c, ovisno o tome je li riječ o aliasu,\n"
+" -t ispiÅ¡e samo vrstu navedenih IMENA: â\80\9ealiasâ\80\9d, â\80\9ebuiltinâ\80\9d, â\80\9efileâ\80\9d,\n"
+" â\80\9efunctionâ\80\9d ili â\80\9ekeywordâ\80\9d, ovisno o tome je li riječ o aliasu,\n"
" ugrađenoj funkciji (builtin), datoteci na disku, definiranoj\n"
" funkciji ili ključnoj riječi; ili ništa, ako je ime nepoznato\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ako se pronađu sva IMENA, inače s 1."
-#: builtins.c:1469
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1432
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
-" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and "
-"processes\n"
+" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n"
" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n"
" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n"
" \n"
-" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds;\n"
-" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes; -R, which is in microseconds;\n"
-" -b, which is in bytes; and -e, -i, -k, -n, -q, -r, -u, -x, and -P,\n"
-" which accept unscaled values.\n"
-" \n"
-" When in posix mode, values supplied with -c and -f are in 512-byte\n"
-" increments.\n"
+" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n"
+" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n"
+" number of processes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
" procesima koje stvara -- na sustavima koji to dopuštaju.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
-" -S rabi â\80\9emekanoâ\80\9c (soft) ograničenje resursa\n"
-" -H rabi â\80\9etvrdoâ\80\9c (hard) ograničenje resursa\n"
+" -S rabi â\80\9emekanoâ\80\9d (soft) ograničenje resursa\n"
+" -H rabi â\80\9etvrdoâ\80\9d (hard) ograničenje resursa\n"
" -a popis svih trenutnih ograničenja\n"
" -b maks. veličina međuspremnika utičnice\n"
-" -c maks. veliÄ\8dina â\80\9ecoreâ\80\9c datoteka (u kB)\n"
+" -c maks. veliÄ\8dina â\80\9ecoreâ\80\9d datoteka (u kB)\n"
" -d maks. veličina segmenta s procesnim podacima (in kB)\n"
-" -e maks. prednost rasporeÄ\91ivanja (â\80\9eniceâ\80\9c vrijednost)\n"
+" -e maks. prednost rasporeÄ\91ivanja (â\80\9eniceâ\80\9d vrijednost)\n"
" -f maks. veličina datoteka ljuska i njeni potomci mogu zapisati\n"
" -i maks. broj signala koji može biti na čekanju\n"
" -l maks. veličina koju proces može zaključati u memoriju\n"
-" -k maks. broj rezerviranih/dodijeljenih â\80\9ekqueuesâ\80\9c za taj proces\n"
+" -k maks. broj rezerviranih/dodijeljenih â\80\9ekqueuesâ\80\9d za taj proces\n"
" -m maks. iznos fizičke memorije procesa (in kB)\n"
" -n maks. broj otvorenih deskriptora datoteka\n"
" -p maks. veličina međuspremnika cijevi\n"
"\n"
" Ako je specificirani, LIMIT postane nova vrijednost za specificirani\n"
" resurs, inače se prikažu trenutne vrijednosti. Specijalne vrijednosti,\n"
-" â\80\9esoftâ\80\9c, â\80\9ehardâ\80\9c, i â\80\9eunlimitedâ\80\9c su trenutni soft limit, trenutni hard\n"
+" â\80\9esoftâ\80\9d, â\80\9ehardâ\80\9d, i â\80\9eunlimitedâ\80\9d su trenutni soft limit, trenutni hard\n"
" limit i unlimited. Ako nijedna opcija nije specificirana, podrazumijeva\n"
-" se da je aktivna â\80\9e-fâ\80\9c opcija.\n"
+" se da je aktivna â\80\9e-fâ\80\9d opcija.\n"
"\n"
-" Vrijednosti su viÅ¡ekratnik od 1024 bajta, osim za â\80\9e-tâ\80\9c koji je\n"
-" u sekundama, â\80\9e-pâ\80\9c koji je viÅ¡ekratnik od 512 bajta i â\80\9e-uâ\80\9c je apsolutni\n"
+" Vrijednosti su viÅ¡ekratnik od 1024 bajta, osim za â\80\9e-tâ\80\9d koji je\n"
+" u sekundama, â\80\9e-pâ\80\9d koji je viÅ¡ekratnik od 512 bajta i â\80\9e-uâ\80\9d je apsolutni\n"
" broj procesa.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija\n"
" ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:1524
+#: builtins.c:1483
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako MODE nije valjan ili je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1503
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
-" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or "
-"a\n"
+" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a\n"
" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n"
" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n"
" status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes\n"
" in that job's pipeline.\n"
" \n"
-" If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of "
-"IDs,\n"
-" or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns "
-"its\n"
+" If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of IDs,\n"
+" or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns its\n"
" exit status.\n"
" \n"
" If the -p option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job\n"
" for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable VAR\n"
-" named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, "
-"before\n"
+" named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, before\n"
" any assignment. This is useful only when the -n option is supplied.\n"
" \n"
" If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the\n"
" Čeka na svaki posao identificirani s ID — to jest indikatorom posla ili\n"
" indikatorom procesa — i izvijesti njegov završni status. Ako nije dan\n"
" ID, čeka na sve trenutno aktivne potomke, a završni status je nula.\n"
-" Ako je ID specifikacija posla, čeka na sve procese u cjevovodu tog "
-"posla.\n"
+" Ako je ID specifikacija posla, čeka na sve procese u cjevovodu tog posla.\n"
"\n"
-" Ako je dana opcija â\80\9e-nâ\80\9c, čeka na svršetak jednog posla iz popisa ID-ova\n"
+" Ako je dana opcija â\80\9e-nâ\80\9d, čeka na svršetak jednog posla iz popisa ID-ova\n"
" ili ako nije dan nijedan ID, čeka da završi sljedeći posao i vrati\n"
" njegov izlazni kȏd.\n"
"\n"
-" Ako je dana opcija â\80\9e-fâ\80\9c i upravljanje poslovima je omogućeno, čeka dok\n"
+" Ako je dana opcija â\80\9e-fâ\80\9d i upravljanje poslovima je omogućeno, čeka dok\n"
" specificirani ID ne završi, umjesto da promijeni status.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnjeg ID-a; s kȏdom 1 ako je ID nevaljan ili je dana\n"
" nevaljana opcija ili ako je -n dan, a ljuska nema neočekivane potomke."
-#: builtins.c:1575
+#: builtins.c:1534
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
-" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination "
-"status.\n"
+" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status.\n"
" If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes,\n"
" and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an "
-"invalid\n"
+" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid\n"
" option is given."
msgstr ""
"Čeka da proces završi i vrati njegov izlazni kȏd.\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnjeg PID-a, s kȏdom 1 ako je PID nevaljan,\n"
" ili s 2 ako je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:1590
-msgid ""
-"Execute PIPELINE, which can be a simple command, and negate PIPELINE's\n"
-" return status.\n"
-" \n"
-" Exit Status:\n"
-" The logical negation of PIPELINE's return status."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:1600
+#: builtins.c:1549
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Izvrši naredbe za svakog člana u popisu.\n"
"\n"
-" Petlja â\80\9eforâ\80\9c izvrši sekvenciju naredbi za svakog člana u popisu stavki.\n"
+" Petlja â\80\9eforâ\80\9d izvrši sekvenciju naredbi za svakog člana u popisu stavki.\n"
" Ako nema operanda „in RIJEČIMA...; podrazumijeva se operand\n"
-" â\80\9ein \"$@\"â\80\9c. Svakom elementu u RIJEČIMA, IME se postavi na taj element\n"
+" â\80\9ein \"$@\"â\80\9d. Svakom elementu u RIJEČIMA, IME se postavi na taj element\n"
" i NAREDBE se izvrše.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1614
+#: builtins.c:1563
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"AritmetiÄ\8dka â\80\9eforâ\80\9c petlja.\n"
+"AritmetiÄ\8dka â\80\9eforâ\80\9d petlja.\n"
"\n"
" Isto kao:\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1632
+#: builtins.c:1581
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Pripremi izbornik i izvrši izabrane naredbe.\n"
"\n"
-" ProÅ¡irenjem RIJEÄ\8cI, â\80\9eselectâ\80\9c generira i prikaže izbornik na standardnom\n"
-" izlazu za greÅ¡ke s brojem ispred svake rijeÄ\8di. Ako operand â\80\9eu RIJEÄ\8cIMAâ\80\9c\n"
-" nije naveden, podrazumijeva se operand â\80\9ein \"$@\"â\80\9c.\n"
+" ProÅ¡irenjem RIJEÄ\8cI, â\80\9eselectâ\80\9d generira i prikaže izbornik na standardnom\n"
+" izlazu za greÅ¡ke s brojem ispred svake rijeÄ\8di. Ako operand â\80\9eu RIJEÄ\8cIMAâ\80\9d\n"
+" nije naveden, podrazumijeva se operand â\80\9ein \"$@\"â\80\9d.\n"
" Nakon izbornika prikaže se PS3 prompt i redak se čita iz standardnog\n"
" ulaza; ako se redak sastoji od broja koji odgovara jednoj od pokazanih\n"
" riječi, onda varijabla IME dobije vrijednost te riječi; ako je redak\n"
" prazan, RIJEČI i prompt se ponovno prikažu; ako se pročita EOF (Ctrl-D)\n"
-" „select“ naredba završi. Bilo koja druga pročitana vrijednost učini da "
-"se\n"
+" „select” naredba završi. Bilo koja druga pročitana vrijednost učini da se\n"
" IME isprazni (nulira). Pročitani redak se spremi u varijablu REPLY.\n"
-" NAREDBE se izvršavaju nakon svakog izbora, tako dugo dok „break“ "
-"naredba\n"
+" NAREDBE se izvršavaju nakon svakog izbora, tako dugo dok „break” naredba\n"
" ne prekine posao.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1653
+#: builtins.c:1602
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" trošenja vremena: ukupno potrošeno vrijeme, CPU vrijeme potrošeno\n"
" korisnikom i CPU vrijeme potrošeno sustavom za izvršavanje naredbi.\n"
"\n"
-" Izlazni format se može prilagoditi s varijablom okoline TIMEFORMAT.\n"
-" Opcija â\80\9e-pâ\80\9c zanemari TIMEFORMAT i ispiše izlaz u prenosivom POSIX\n"
+" Izlazni format se može prilagoditi s varijablom okruženja TIMEFORMAT.\n"
+" Opcija â\80\9e-pâ\80\9d zanemari TIMEFORMAT i ispiše izlaz u prenosivom POSIX\n"
" formatu.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s izlaznim kȏdom CJEVOVODA."
-#: builtins.c:1670
+#: builtins.c:1619
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
"Izvrši naredbe ovisno o podudaranju s uzorkom.\n"
"\n"
" Izvrši onu NAREDBU koja odgovara prvom UZORKU podudarnom s RIJEČI.\n"
-" Znak â\80\9e|â\80\9c rabi se za razdvajanje više uzoraka.\n"
+" Znak â\80\9e|â\80\9d rabi se za razdvajanje više uzoraka.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1682
+#: builtins.c:1631
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
-" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then "
-"the\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list "
-"is\n"
+" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n"
" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. "
-"Otherwise,\n"
-" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of "
-"the\n"
-" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or "
-"zero\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n"
+" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n"
+" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n"
" if no condition tested true.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Izvrši naredbe u skladu s uvjetima.\n"
"\n"
-" IzvrÅ¡i naredbe iza â\80\9eifâ\80\9c; ako to završi s kȏdom 0, izvrši naredbe\n"
-" iza prvog â\80\9ethenâ\80\9c; inaÄ\8de, izvrÅ¡i naredbe iza sljedeÄ\87eg â\80\9eelifâ\80\9c\n"
-" (ako postoji) ili â\80\9eelseâ\80\9c (ako postoji). Ako â\80\9eelifâ\80\9c završi s kȏdom\n"
-" nula, izvrÅ¡i naredbe iza odgovarajuÄ\87eg â\80\9ethenâ\80\9c. Ako nema viÅ¡e â\80\9eelifâ\80\9c,\n"
-" ili â\80\9eelseâ\80\9c ili nakon izvrÅ¡enih naredbi iza â\80\9ethenâ\80\9c, â\80\9eifâ\80\9c naredba završi.\n"
+" IzvrÅ¡i naredbe iza â\80\9eifâ\80\9d; ako to završi s kȏdom 0, izvrši naredbe\n"
+" iza prvog â\80\9ethenâ\80\9d; inaÄ\8de, izvrÅ¡i naredbe iza sljedeÄ\87eg â\80\9eelifâ\80\9d\n"
+" (ako postoji) ili â\80\9eelseâ\80\9d (ako postoji). Ako â\80\9eelifâ\80\9d završi s kȏdom\n"
+" nula, izvrÅ¡i naredbe iza odgovarajuÄ\87eg â\80\9ethenâ\80\9d. Ako nema viÅ¡e â\80\9eelifâ\80\9d,\n"
+" ili â\80\9eelseâ\80\9d ili nakon izvrÅ¡enih naredbi iza â\80\9ethenâ\80\9d, â\80\9eifâ\80\9d naredba završi.\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9eifâ\80\9c završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
+" â\80\9eifâ\80\9d završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1699
+#: builtins.c:1648
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
-" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS "
-"has\n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has\n"
" an exit status of zero.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1711
+#: builtins.c:1660
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
-" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS "
-"has\n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has\n"
" an exit status which is not zero.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1723
+#: builtins.c:1672
msgid ""
"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Naredba coproc završi s kȏdom 0."
-#: builtins.c:1737
+#: builtins.c:1686
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n"
-" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is "
-"invoked,\n"
+" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n"
" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n"
" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je IME readonly (samo-za-čitanje)."
-#: builtins.c:1751
+#: builtins.c:1700
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom zadnje izvršene naredbe."
-#: builtins.c:1763
+#: builtins.c:1712
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
"Nastavi posao u interaktivnom načinu.\n"
"\n"
" Nastavi zaustavljeni ili pozadinski posao u interaktivnom modu\n"
-" To je ekvivalentno naredbi â\80\9efgâ\80\9c. SPECIFIKACIJU_POSLA može specificirati\n"
-" ili ime posla ili broj posla. Ako â\80\9e&â\80\9c slijedi iza SPECIFIKACIJE_POSLA\n"
-" onda posao prelazi u pozadinu. To je ekvivalentno naredbi â\80\9ebgâ\80\9c\n"
+" To je ekvivalentno naredbi â\80\9efgâ\80\9d. SPECIFIKACIJU_POSLA može specificirati\n"
+" ili ime posla ili broj posla. Ako â\80\9e&â\80\9d slijedi iza SPECIFIKACIJE_POSLA\n"
+" onda posao prelazi u pozadinu. To je ekvivalentno naredbi â\80\9ebgâ\80\9d\n"
"\n"
" Završi s kȏdom nastavljenog posla."
-#: builtins.c:1778
+#: builtins.c:1727
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Završi s kȏdom 1 ako je rezultat IZRAZA jednak 0;\n"
" inače završi s uspjehom."
-#: builtins.c:1790
+#: builtins.c:1739
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
-" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the "
-"conditional\n"
-" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries "
-"used\n"
-" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following "
-"operators:\n"
+" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n"
+" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n"
+" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n"
" \n"
" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n"
" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n"
"\n"
" Vrednuje dani uvjetni IZRAZ; ovisno o rezultatu evaluacije završi s\n"
" izlaznim kȏdom 0 (istina) ili 1 (neistina, laž). Izrazi koriste iste\n"
-" osnovne komponente koje koristi ugraÄ\91ena naredba (builtin) â\80\9etestâ\80\9c,\n"
+" osnovne komponente koje koristi ugraÄ\91ena naredba (builtin) â\80\9etestâ\80\9d,\n"
" i mogu se kombinirati sa sljedećim operatorima:\n"
"\n"
" ( IZRAZ ) vrati vrijednost danog IZRAZA\n"
" IZRAZ1 && IZRAZ2 istina ako su oba izraza istinita, inače laž\n"
" IZRAZ1 || IZRAZ2 laž ako su oba izraza neistinita, inače istina\n"
"\n"
-" Ako se rabe operatori â\80\9e==â\80\9c ili â\80\9e!=â\80\9c, onda se string desno od operatora\n"
+" Ako se rabe operatori â\80\9e==â\80\9d ili â\80\9e!=â\80\9d, onda se string desno od operatora\n"
" smatra za uzorak i provodi se podudaranje uzoraka.\n"
-" Ako se rabi operator „=~“, onda se string na desno od operatora "
-"podudara\n"
+" Ako se rabi operator „=~”, onda se string na desno od operatora podudara\n"
" kao regularni izraz.\n"
"\n"
-" Operatori â\80\9e&&â\80\9c i „|| ne vrednuju IZRAZ2 ako je IZRAZ1 dovoljan za\n"
+" Operatori â\80\9e&&â\80\9d i „|| ne vrednuju IZRAZ2 ako je IZRAZ1 dovoljan za\n"
" određivanje konačnog rezulata.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ili 1 ovisno o IZRAZU."
-#: builtins.c:1816
+#: builtins.c:1765
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" U nastavku je opis brojnih varijabli od kojih neke sadrže popis\n"
" elemenata. U svakom od tih popisa elementi su razdvojeni dvotočkama.\n"
"\n"
-" BASH_VERSION inaÄ\8dica ovog â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c programa\n"
+" BASH_VERSION inaÄ\8dica ovog â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d programa\n"
" CDPATH popis direktorija u kojima se traži direktorij\n"
-" kad argument od â\80\9ecdâ\80\9c (direktorij) nije u\n"
+" kad argument od â\80\9ecdâ\80\9d (direktorij) nije u\n"
" trenutnom radnom direktoriju\n"
" GLOBIGNORE popis uzoraka koji opisuju imena datoteka koje\n"
" su zanemarene prilikom ekspanzije imena staza\n"
" HISTFILESIZE maksimalni broj redaka datoteke s povijesti naredba\n"
" HISTIGNORE popis uzoraka koji opisuju naredbe koje ne treba zapisati\n"
" u datoteku koja sadrži povijest vaših naredbi\n"
-" HISTSIZE maksimalni broj redaka koje trenutna ljuska može "
-"dosegnuti\n"
+" HISTSIZE maksimalni broj redaka koje trenutna ljuska može dosegnuti\n"
" HOME puni naziv staze do vašega vlastitog direktorija\n"
-" HOSTNAME ime raÄ\8dunala na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c\n"
-" HOSTTYPE tip CPU-a na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c\n"
+" HOSTNAME ime raÄ\8dunala na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d\n"
+" HOSTTYPE tip CPU-a na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d\n"
" IGNOREEOF broj zanemarenih Ctrl-D (EOF) prije zatvaranja ljuske\n"
-" MACHTYPE vrsta raÄ\8dunala na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c\n"
-" MAILCHECK kako Ä\8desto (u sekundama) â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c gleda ima li nove pošte\n"
-" MAILPATH popis datoteka koje â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c provjeri za novu poštu\n"
-" OSTYPE distribucija Unix-a no kojem se izvrÅ¡ava ovaj â\80\9ebashâ\80\9c\n"
+" MACHTYPE vrsta raÄ\8dunala na kojem se izvrÅ¡ava â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d\n"
+" MAILCHECK kako Ä\8desto (u sekundama) â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d gleda ima li nove pošte\n"
+" MAILPATH popis datoteka koje â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d provjeri za novu poštu\n"
+" OSTYPE distribucija Unix-a no kojem se izvrÅ¡ava ovaj â\80\9ebashâ\80\9d\n"
" PATH popis direktorija u kojima se traže naredbe\n"
" PROMPT_COMMAND naredba koja se izvrši prije ispisa primarnog prompta\n"
" PS1 string koji opisuje primarni prompt\n"
-" PS2 string koji opisuje sekundarni prompt (zadano, â\80\9e>â\80\9c)\n"
+" PS2 string koji opisuje sekundarni prompt (zadano, â\80\9e>â\80\9d)\n"
" PWD puni naziv staze trenutnog radnog direktorija\n"
" SHELLOPTS popis svih omogućenih opcija ljuske\n"
" TERM naziv tipa trenutnog terminala\n"
-" TIMEFORMAT pravilo za format ispisa „time“ statistika\n"
-" auto_resume ako nije prazan, učini da se naredbena riječ na "
-"naredbenom\n"
+" TIMEFORMAT pravilo za format ispisa „time” statistika\n"
+" auto_resume ako nije prazan, učini da se naredbena riječ na naredbenom\n"
" retku prvo potraži na popisu zaustavljenih poslova,\n"
" i ako se tamo pronađe, taj se posao premjesti u\n"
-" interaktivni način; vrijednost „exact“ znači da "
-"naredbena\n"
+" interaktivni način; vrijednost „exact” znači da naredbena\n"
" riječ mora strikno podudariti naredbu iz popisa;\n"
-" vrijednost â\80\9esubstringâ\80\9c znači da naredbena riječ mora\n"
+" vrijednost â\80\9esubstringâ\80\9d znači da naredbena riječ mora\n"
" podudariti podstring naredbe iz popisa; bilo koja druga\n"
" vrijednost znači da naredbena riječ mora biti prefiks\n"
" zaustavljene naredbe\n"
-" histchars znakovi koje upravljaju s proširenjem i brzom "
-"supstitucijom\n"
+" histchars znakovi koje upravljaju s proširenjem i brzom supstitucijom\n"
" povijesti; prvi znak je znak za „supstituciju\n"
-" povijestiâ\80\9c, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e!â\80\9c; drugi znak je „znak brze\n"
-" supstitucijeâ\80\9c, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e^â\80\9c; treći znak je „komentar\n"
-" povijestiâ\80\9c, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e#â\80\9c.\n"
+" povijestiâ\80\9d, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e!â\80\9d; drugi znak je „znak brze\n"
+" supstitucijeâ\80\9d, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e^â\80\9d; treći znak je „komentar\n"
+" povijestiâ\80\9d, obiÄ\8dno â\80\9e#â\80\9d.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1873
+#: builtins.c:1822
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Argumenti:\n"
" DIREKTORIJ Doda DIREKTORIJ na vrh stȏga direktorija i\n"
" učini ga novim trenutnim radnim direktorijem.\n"
-" +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule "
-"s\n"
-" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh "
-"stȏga.\n"
-" -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule "
-"s\n"
-" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh "
-"stȏga.\n"
+" +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n"
+" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs”) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n"
+" -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n"
+" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs”) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n"
"\n"
-" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n"
+" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili promjena\n"
" direktorija nije uspjela"
-#: builtins.c:1907
+#: builtins.c:1856
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Ukloni direktorije iz stȏga.\n"
"\n"
-" Ukloni zapise iz stȏga direktorija. Bez argumenata, ukloni direktorij "
-"na\n"
-" vrhu stȏga i učini da je trenutni radni direktorij jednak novom "
-"direktoriju\n"
+" Ukloni zapise iz stȏga direktorija. Bez argumenata, ukloni direktorij na\n"
+" vrhu stȏga i učini da je trenutni radni direktorij jednak novom direktoriju\n"
" na vrhu stȏga.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
"\n"
" Argumenti:\n"
" +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s lijeve\n"
-" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c. Na primjer: â\80\9epopd +0â\80\9c\n"
-" ukloni prvi, a â\80\9epopd +1â\80\9c ukloni drugi direktorij.\n"
+" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d. Na primjer: â\80\9epopd +0â\80\9d\n"
+" ukloni prvi, a â\80\9epopd +1â\80\9d ukloni drugi direktorij.\n"
" +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s desne\n"
-" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c. Na primjer.: â\80\9epopd -0â\80\9c\n"
-" ukloni zadnji, a â\80\9epopd -1â\80\9c ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n"
+" strane popisa pokazanog s â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d. Na primjer.: â\80\9epopd -0â\80\9d\n"
+" ukloni zadnji, a â\80\9epopd -1â\80\9d ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n"
"\n"
-" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n"
+" Naredba â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili promjena\n"
" direktorija nije uspjela."
-#: builtins.c:1937
+#: builtins.c:1886
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
"Ispiše sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n"
"\n"
" Pokaže popis trenutno zapamćenih direktorija. Direktoriji se unose\n"
-" na popis pomoÄ\87u naredbe â\80\9epushdâ\80\9c, a s naredbom â\80\9epopdâ\80\9c se uklanjaju.\n"
+" na popis pomoÄ\87u naredbe â\80\9epushdâ\80\9d, a s naredbom â\80\9epopdâ\80\9d se uklanjaju.\n"
" \n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -c počisti stȏg direktorija brisanjem svih elemenata\n"
" -l ispiše apsolutne staze direktorija u odnosu na osobni\n"
" direktorij (ne skraćuje staze upotrebom tilde)\n"
" -p ispiše sadržaj stȏga po jedan direktorij po retku\n"
-" -v kao â\80\9e-pâ\80\9c, ali s prefiksom koji pokazuje\n"
+" -v kao â\80\9e-pâ\80\9d, ali s prefiksom koji pokazuje\n"
" poziciju direktorija stȏgu\n"
"\n"
" Argumenti:\n"
" +N Pokaže N-ti direktorij iz stȏga, brojeći od od nule s\n"
-" lijeve strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c pokrene bez opcija.\n"
+" lijeve strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d pokrene bez opcija.\n"
" -N Pokaže N-ti direktorij iz stȏga, brojeći od nule s\n"
-" desne strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9c pokrene bez opcija.\n"
+" desne strane popisa kad se â\80\9edirsâ\80\9d pokrene bez opcija.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila "
-"greška."
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:1968
+#: builtins.c:1917
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
"Omogući ili onemogući opcije ljuske.\n"
"\n"
" Promjeni postavku svakoj opciji IME_OPCIJE ljuske. Bez ikakvih opcija i\n"
-" argumenta, â\80\9eshoptâ\80\9c izlista sve opcije ljuske pokazujući je ili nije\n"
+" argumenta, â\80\9eshoptâ\80\9d izlista sve opcije ljuske pokazujući je ili nije\n"
" uključena.\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -o ograniči IME_OPCIJE na ona koja su definirana\n"
-" za upotrebu sa â\80\9eset -oâ\80\9c\n"
+" za upotrebu sa â\80\9eset -oâ\80\9d\n"
" -p generira izlaz koji se može koristi za ulaz\n"
" -q izostavi izlaz (ništa ne ispisuje)\n"
" -s omogući (uključi) sve navedene IME_OPCIJE\n"
" -u onemogući (isključi) sve navedene IME_OPCIJE\n"
"\n"
-" Bez opcija (ili samo s opcijom „-q“) završi s uspjehom ako je "
-"IME_OPCIJE\n"
+" Bez opcija (ili samo s opcijom „-q”) završi s uspjehom ako je IME_OPCIJE\n"
" omogućeno, a s 1 ako je onemogućeno. Završi s 1 i ako je dano\n"
" nevaljano IME_OPCIJE, a završi s 2 ako je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:1989
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1938
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n"
" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n"
" \n"
-" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: "
-"plain\n"
-" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character "
-"escape\n"
+" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n"
+" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n"
" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n"
-" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next "
-"successive\n"
+" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n"
" argument.\n"
" \n"
-" In addition to the standard format characters csndiouxXeEfFgGaA "
-"described\n"
-" in printf(3), printf interprets:\n"
+" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1),\n"
+" printf interprets:\n"
" \n"
" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n"
" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n"
" %Q\tlike %q, but apply any precision to the unquoted argument before\n"
" \t\tquoting\n"
-" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a "
-"format\n"
+" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format\n"
" \t string for strftime(3)\n"
" \n"
" The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If\n"
" there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format\n"
-" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as "
-"appropriate,\n"
+" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate,\n"
" had been supplied.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or "
-"assignment\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Oblikuje i ispiše ARGUMENTE po uputama FORMATA.\n"
" koji se pretvore i kopiraju na izlaz; specifikacije formata od kojih\n"
" svaka uzrokuje ispisivanje sljedećeg sukcesivnog argumenta.\n"
"\n"
-" Pored standardnih simbola „diouxXfeEgGcs” za format opisanih u "
-"printf(1),\n"
+" Pored standardnih simbola „diouxXfeEgGcs” za format opisanih u printf(1),\n"
" „printf” dodatno interpretira:\n"
" %b proširi backslash (\\) kontrolne znakove u odgovarajuće\n"
" argumente\n"
-" %q citira argument tako, da se može iskoristiti kao ulaz za "
-"ljusku\n"
+" %q citira argument tako, da se može iskoristiti kao ulaz za ljusku\n"
" %Q kao %q, ali primijeni bilo kakvu preciznost na necitirani\n"
" argument prije citiranja\n"
-" %(fmt)T koristeći FMT, ispiše date-time string u obliku format "
-"stringa\n"
+" %(fmt)T koristeći FMT, ispiše date-time string u obliku format stringa\n"
" za strftime(3)\n"
"\n"
" Dani format se koristi sve dok se ne potroše svi argumenti. Ako ima\n"
" manje argumenata nego što format treba, suvišne format specifikacije\n"
" se ponašaju kao da im dana vrijednost nula ili prazni string.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila "
-"greška\n"
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška\n"
" u pisanju ili greška pri dodijeli."
-#: builtins.c:2025
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1974
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
-" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no "
-"options\n"
-" or NAMEs are supplied, display existing completion specifications in a "
-"way\n"
-" that allows them to be reused as input.\n"
+" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n"
+" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n"
+" allows them to be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n"
" \t\tcommand) word\n"
" \n"
" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n"
-" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are "
-"supplied,\n"
-" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -"
-"I.\n"
+" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied,\n"
+" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Specificira kako â\80\9eReadlineâ\80\9c treba kompletirati argumente.\n"
+"Specificira kako â\80\9eReadlineâ\80\9d treba kompletirati argumente.\n"
"\n"
" Za svako navedeno IME specificira kako se kompletiraju argumenti. Bez\n"
" opcija ispiše postojeće specifikacije koje se mogu ponovno\n"
" -r ukloni specifikaciju kompletiranja za svako navedeno IME\n"
" ili ukloni sve specifikacije ako nisu navedena IMENA\n"
" -D na naredbe koje nemaju vlastitu specifikaciju za kompletiranje\n"
-" primjeni â\80\9ezadanoâ\80\9c ponašanje specifikacija i akcija\n"
-" -E primjeni zadano ponaÅ¡anje specifikacija i akcija i na â\80\9eprazneâ\80\9c\n"
+" primjeni â\80\9ezadanoâ\80\9d ponašanje specifikacija i akcija\n"
+" -E primjeni zadano ponaÅ¡anje specifikacija i akcija i na â\80\9eprazneâ\80\9d\n"
" naredbe --; pokuša kompletirati prazni redak\n"
" -I primjeni zadano ponašanje specifikacija i akcija i na početnu\n"
" (obično naredbu) riječ\n"
"\n"
" Redoslijed akcija pri pokušaju kompletiranja slijedi gore dan poredak\n"
-" opcija pisanih u verzalu. Ako je navedeno više opcija, opcija „-D“ ima "
-"veću\n"
-" prednost od opcije „-E“, a obje imaju veću prednost od opcije „-I“\n"
+" opcija pisanih u verzalu. Ako je navedeno više opcija, opcija „-D” ima veću\n"
+" prednost od opcije „-E”, a obje imaju veću prednost od opcije „-I”\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija\n"
" ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:2055
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:2004
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n"
-" completions. If the optional WORD argument is present, generate "
-"matches\n"
-" against WORD.\n"
-" \n"
-" If the -V option is supplied, store the possible completions in the "
-"indexed\n"
-" array VARNAME instead of printing them to the standard output.\n"
+" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n"
+" WORD are generated.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Prikaže moguća kompletiranja ovisno o opcijama.\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9ecompgenâ\80\9c je namijenjen za upotrebu unutar funkcije koja generira\n"
+" â\80\9ecompgenâ\80\9d je namijenjen za upotrebu unutar funkcije koja generira\n"
" moguća kompletiranja. Ako je dana neobvezna opcija RIJEČ (word)\n"
" generira odgovarajuća kompletiranja podudarna s RIJEČI.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila "
-"greška."
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška."
-#: builtins.c:2073
+#: builtins.c:2019
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
-" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are "
-"supplied,\n"
-" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, "
-"print\n"
-" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion "
-"specification.\n"
+" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n"
+" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print\n"
+" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -o OPCIJA omogući ovu OPCIJU kompletiranja za svako IME\n"
" -D promijeni opcije za „zadano” kompletiranje\n"
-" -E promijeni opcije za kompletiranje â\80\9eprazneâ\80\9c naredbe\n"
+" -E promijeni opcije za kompletiranje â\80\9eprazneâ\80\9d naredbe\n"
" -I promijeni opcije za kompletiranje na početnu riječ\n"
"\n"
-" â\80\9e+â\80\9c umjesto â\80\9e-â\80\9c isključi odgovarajuću opciju.\n"
+" â\80\9e+â\80\9d umjesto â\80\9e-â\80\9d isključi odgovarajuću opciju.\n"
"\n"
" Svako IME ukazuje na naredbu za koju specifikacija kompletiranja mora\n"
-" veÄ\87 prije biti definirana pomoÄ\87u ugraÄ\91ene naredbe â\80\9ecompleteâ\80\9c. Ako nije\n"
+" veÄ\87 prije biti definirana pomoÄ\87u ugraÄ\91ene naredbe â\80\9ecompleteâ\80\9d. Ako nije\n"
" dano nijedno IME, funkcija koja trenutno generira kompletiranja mora\n"
-" pozvati â\80\9ecompoptâ\80\9c; time se onda promjene opcije za taj generator koji\n"
+" pozvati â\80\9ecompoptâ\80\9d; time se onda promjene opcije za taj generator koji\n"
" trenutno izvršava kompletiranja.\n"
"\n"
-" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije dana nevaljana opcija ili nije "
-"definirana\n"
+" Završi s uspjehom osim ako nije dana nevaljana opcija ili nije definirana\n"
" specifikacija za kompletiranje IMENA."
-#: builtins.c:2104
+#: builtins.c:2050
msgid ""
"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n"
" \n"
-" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable "
-"ARRAY, or\n"
-" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable "
-"MAPFILE\n"
+" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n"
+" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n"
" is the default ARRAY.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -d delim\tUse DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline\n"
-" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are "
-"copied\n"
-" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default "
-"index is 0\n"
+" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied\n"
+" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0\n"
" -s count\tDiscard the first COUNT lines read\n"
" -t\tRemove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline)\n"
-" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard "
-"input\n"
+" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read\n"
" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to\n"
" \t\t\tCALLBACK\n"
" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n"
" as additional arguments.\n"
" \n"
-" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
-"before\n"
+" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n"
" assigning to it.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly "
-"or\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
" not an indexed array."
msgstr ""
"Pročitane retke iz standardnog ulaza upiše u varijablu indeksirano polje.\n"
"\n"
" Pročitane retke iz standardnog ulaza (ili ako je navedena opcija -u, iz\n"
-" deskriptora datoteke FD) upiše u indeksiranu varijablu POLJE. Ako "
-"argument\n"
+" deskriptora datoteke FD) upiše u indeksiranu varijablu POLJE. Ako argument\n"
" POLJE nije dan, za POLJE se (zadano) koristi varijabla MAPFILE\n"
"\n"
" Opcije:\n"
" -d MEĐA prvi znak u MEĐI (umjesto LF) je znak za kraj retka\n"
" -n KOLIČINA kopira ne više od KOLIČINE redaka (0 kopira sve retke)\n"
-" -O POČETAK upisivanje u POLJE započinje od indeksa POČETAK (zadano "
-"0)\n"
+" -O POČETAK upisivanje u POLJE započinje od indeksa POČETAK (zadano 0)\n"
" -s BROJ preskoči (izostavi) prvih BROJ redaka\n"
-" -t ukloni zaostalu MEĐU (zadano LF) iz svakog učitanog "
-"retka\n"
+" -t ukloni zaostalu MEĐU (zadano LF) iz svakog učitanog retka\n"
" -u FD čita retke iz deskriptora datoteke FD umjesto iz\n"
" standardnog ulaza\n"
-" -C FUNKCIJA vrednuje FUNKCIJU svaki put nakon TOLIKO pročitanih "
-"redaka\n"
+" -C FUNKCIJA vrednuje FUNKCIJU svaki put nakon TOLIKO pročitanih redaka\n"
" -c TOLIKO svaki put nakon TOLIKO pročitanih redaka pozove FUNKCIJU\n"
"\n"
" Argument:\n"
" POLJE ime varijable polja u koju se upisuju pročitani redci\n"
"\n"
-" Ako je opcija â\80\9e-Câ\80\9c navedena bez opcije â\80\9e-câ\80\9c, TOLIKO je 5000 (zadano).\n"
+" Ako je opcija â\80\9e-Câ\80\9d navedena bez opcije â\80\9e-câ\80\9d, TOLIKO je 5000 (zadano).\n"
" Kad FUNKCIJA vrednuje — dobiva indeks sljedećeg elementa polja koji se\n"
-" upisuje i redak koji će biti dodijeljen tom elementu kao dodatne "
-"argumente.\n"
+" upisuje i redak koji će biti dodijeljen tom elementu kao dodatne argumente.\n"
"\n"
-" Ako nije dan eksplicitni POÄ\8cETAK, â\80\9emapfileâ\80\9c počisti POLJE\n"
+" Ako nije dan eksplicitni POÄ\8cETAK, â\80\9emapfileâ\80\9d počisti POLJE\n"
" prije početka upisivanja.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom osim ako je POLJE readonly (samo-za-čitanje) ili nije\n"
" polje ili je dana nevaljana opcija."
-#: builtins.c:2140
+#: builtins.c:2086
msgid ""
"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Učita retke iz datoteke u varijablu indeksirano polje.\n"
"\n"
-" Sinonim za „mapfile“."
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: Nije moguće otvoriti: %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: inlib failed"
-#~ msgstr "%s: „inlib” nije uspio"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: binarnu datoteku %s nije moguće pokrenuti/izvršiti"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
-#~ msgstr "setlocale(): LC_ALL: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s)"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "setlocale(): LC_ALL: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s): %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-#~ msgstr "setlocale(): %s: nije moguće promijeniti jezično područje (%s): %s"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n"
-#~ " \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used "
-#~ "to\n"
-#~ " provide a stack trace.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before "
-#~ "the\n"
-#~ " current one; the top frame is frame 0."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Vrati kontekst trenutnog poziva funkciji.\n"
-#~ "\n"
-#~ " Bez IZRAZA, vrati „$line $filename“. S IZRAZOM, vrati\n"
-#~ " „$line $subroutine $filename“; ovi dodatni podaci mogu poslužiti\n"
-#~ " za „stack trace“.\n"
-#~ "\n"
-#~ " Vrijednost IZRAZA pokazuje koliko se razina poziva treba vratiti "
-#~ "unatrag od\n"
-#~ " trenutne pozicije, s time da je pozicija 0 trenutna pozicija."
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "warning: %s: %s"
-#~ msgstr "upozorenje: %s: %s"
+" Sinonim za „mapfile”."
#~ msgid "%s: invalid associative array key"
#~ msgstr "%s: nevaljan ključ asocijativnog polja"
#~ msgid "Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
#~ msgstr "Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-#~ "html>\n"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Licenca GPLv2+: GNU GPL inačica 2 ili novija <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-#~ "html>\n"
+#~ msgid "License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+#~ msgstr "Licenc GPLv2+: GNU GPL inačica 2 ili novija <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
#~ msgid ":"
#~ msgstr ":"
# Bash - Bourne Again Shell.
# Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Bash package.
-# Pedro Albuquerque <pmra@protonmail.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020.
+# Pedro Albuquerque <pmra@protonmail.com>, 2025.
+# Portuguese (Portugal) Translation for the bash package
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: bash-5.1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: bash-5.2-rc1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 11:51-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-12-08 03:20+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-11 14:50-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-03-17 05:10+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Pedro Albuquerque <pmra@protonmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Portuguese <translation-team-pt@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
"Language: pt\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
-"X-Generator: Geany / PoHelper 1.37\n"
+"X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 3.5\n"
-#: arrayfunc.c:63
+#: arrayfunc.c:66
msgid "bad array subscript"
msgstr "subscrito de matriz inválido"
-#: arrayfunc.c:466 builtins/declare.def:748 variables.c:2196 variables.c:2225
-#: variables.c:3099
+#: arrayfunc.c:471 builtins/declare.def:709 variables.c:2242 variables.c:2268
+#: variables.c:3101
#, c-format
msgid "%s: removing nameref attribute"
msgstr "%s: a remover atributo nameref"
-#: arrayfunc.c:493 builtins/declare.def:920
+#: arrayfunc.c:496 builtins/declare.def:868
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"
msgstr "%s: impossível converter matriz indexada para associativa"
-#: arrayfunc.c:789
+#: arrayfunc.c:777
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"
msgstr "%s: impossível atribuir a índice não numérico"
-#: arrayfunc.c:841
+#: arrayfunc.c:822
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: tem de usar subscrito ao atribuir a matriz associativa"
-#: bashhist.c:464
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot create"
+#: bashhist.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível criar: %s"
-#: bashline.c:4628
+#: bashline.c:4479
msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
-msgstr ""
-"bash_execute_unix_command: impossível encontrar mapa de teclado para o "
-"comando"
+msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: impossível encontrar mapa de teclado para o comando"
-#: bashline.c:4799
+#: bashline.c:4637
#, c-format
msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
msgstr "%s: o 1º carácter não-espaço não é \"\"\""
-#: bashline.c:4828
+#: bashline.c:4666
#, c-format
msgid "no closing `%c' in %s"
msgstr "sem \"%c\" de fecho em %s"
-#: bashline.c:4859
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: missing separator"
+#: bashline.c:4697
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: missing colon separator"
msgstr "%s: separador dois pontos em falta"
-#: bashline.c:4906
+#: bashline.c:4733
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind in command keymap"
msgstr "\"%s\": impossível desassociar no mapa de teclado do comando"
-#: braces.c:320
+#: braces.c:327
#, c-format
msgid "brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s"
msgstr "expansão: impossível alocar memória para %s"
-#: braces.c:383
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %s elements"
+#: braces.c:406
+#, c-format
+msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %u elements"
msgstr "expansão: falha ao alocar memória para %u elementos"
-#: braces.c:442
+#: braces.c:451
#, c-format
msgid "brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'"
msgstr "expansão: falha ao alocar memória para \"%s\""
-#: builtins/alias.def:131 variables.c:1789
+#: builtins/alias.def:131 variables.c:1817
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid alias name"
msgstr "\"%s\": aliás inválido"
-#: builtins/bind.def:123
+#: builtins/bind.def:122 builtins/bind.def:125
msgid "line editing not enabled"
-msgstr "Edição de linha não activada"
+msgstr "edição de linha não activada"
-#: builtins/bind.def:208
+#: builtins/bind.def:212
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name"
msgstr "\"%s\": mapa de teclado inválido"
-#: builtins/bind.def:277
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot read"
+#: builtins/bind.def:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível ler: %s"
-#: builtins/bind.def:353 builtins/bind.def:382
+#: builtins/bind.def:328 builtins/bind.def:358
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': unknown function name"
msgstr "\"%s\": nome de função desconhecido"
-#: builtins/bind.def:361
+#: builtins/bind.def:336
#, c-format
msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n"
msgstr "%s: não tem associação a qualquer tecla.\n"
-#: builtins/bind.def:365
+#: builtins/bind.def:340
#, c-format
msgid "%s can be invoked via "
msgstr "%s pode ser chamado via "
-#: builtins/bind.def:401 builtins/bind.def:418
+#: builtins/bind.def:378 builtins/bind.def:395
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
msgstr "\"%s\": impossível desassociar"
-#: builtins/break.def:80 builtins/break.def:125
+#: builtins/break.def:77 builtins/break.def:119
msgid "loop count"
msgstr "total de ciclos"
-#: builtins/break.def:145
+#: builtins/break.def:139
msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"
msgstr "só tem significado num ciclo \"for\", \"while\" ou \"until\""
-#: builtins/caller.def:135
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins/caller.def:136
msgid ""
"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" provide a stack trace.\n"
" \n"
" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
-" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n"
-" \n"
-" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
-" is invalid."
+" current one; the top frame is frame 0."
msgstr ""
-"Devolver o contexto da actual chamada a sub-rotina.\n"
+"Devolve o contexto da actual chamada a sub-rotina.\n"
" \n"
" Sem EXPR, devolve \"$linha $nomefich\". Com EXPR, devolve\n"
" \"$linha $sub-rotina $nomefich\"; esta informação extra pode ser usada\n"
" \n"
" O valor de EXPR indica quantas chamadas deve recuar antes da\n"
" actual; a chamada superior é a chamada 0.\n"
-" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve 0 a não ser que a consola não esteja a executar uma função ou "
-"EXPR\n"
+" Devolve 0 a não ser que a consola não esteja a executar uma função ou EXPR\n"
" seja inválida."
-#: builtins/cd.def:321
+#: builtins/cd.def:327
msgid "HOME not set"
msgstr "HOME não definida"
-#: builtins/cd.def:329 builtins/common.c:143 builtins/fc.def:293 test.c:946
+#: builtins/cd.def:335 builtins/common.c:161 test.c:916
msgid "too many arguments"
msgstr "demasiados argumentos"
-#: builtins/cd.def:335
+#: builtins/cd.def:342
msgid "null directory"
msgstr "pasta nula"
-#: builtins/cd.def:345
+#: builtins/cd.def:353
msgid "OLDPWD not set"
msgstr "OLDPWD não definida"
-#: builtins/common.c:91
+#: builtins/common.c:96
#, c-format
msgid "line %d: "
msgstr "linha %d: "
-#: builtins/common.c:117 error.c:227
+#: builtins/common.c:134 error.c:264
#, c-format
msgid "warning: "
msgstr "aviso: "
-#: builtins/common.c:131
+#: builtins/common.c:148
#, c-format
msgid "%s: usage: "
msgstr "%s: uso: "
-#: builtins/common.c:178 shell.c:524 shell.c:865
+#: builtins/common.c:193 shell.c:524 shell.c:866
#, c-format
msgid "%s: option requires an argument"
msgstr "%s: a opção requer um argumento"
-#: builtins/common.c:184
+#: builtins/common.c:200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: numeric argument required"
msgstr "%s: requer um argumento numérico"
-#: builtins/common.c:190
+#: builtins/common.c:207
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not found"
msgstr "%s: não encontrado"
-#: builtins/common.c:198 shell.c:878
+#: builtins/common.c:216 shell.c:879
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option"
msgstr "%s: opção inválida"
-#: builtins/common.c:204
+#: builtins/common.c:223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option name"
msgstr "%s: nome de opção inválido"
-#: builtins/common.c:210 error.c:461
+#: builtins/common.c:230 execute_cmd.c:2402 general.c:368 general.c:373
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier"
msgstr "\"%s\": identificador inválido"
-#: builtins/common.c:219
+#: builtins/common.c:240
msgid "invalid octal number"
msgstr "número octal inválido"
-#: builtins/common.c:221
+#: builtins/common.c:242
msgid "invalid hex number"
msgstr "número hexadecimal inválido"
-#: builtins/common.c:223 expr.c:1559 expr.c:1573
+#: builtins/common.c:244 expr.c:1574
msgid "invalid number"
msgstr "número inválido"
-#: builtins/common.c:230
+#: builtins/common.c:252
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid signal specification"
msgstr "%s: especificação de sinal inválida"
-#: builtins/common.c:236
+#: builtins/common.c:259
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"
msgstr "\"%s\": especificação de pid ou tarefa inválida"
-#: builtins/common.c:242 error.c:455
+#: builtins/common.c:266 error.c:536
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly variable"
msgstr "%s: variável só de leitura"
-#: builtins/common.c:248
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtins/common.c:273
+#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign"
-msgstr "%s: impossível desactivar"
+msgstr "%s: impossível atribuir"
-#: builtins/common.c:255
+#: builtins/common.c:281
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s out of range"
msgstr "%s: %s fora do intervalo"
-#: builtins/common.c:255 builtins/common.c:257
+#: builtins/common.c:281 builtins/common.c:283
msgid "argument"
msgstr "argumento"
-#: builtins/common.c:257
+#: builtins/common.c:283
#, c-format
msgid "%s out of range"
msgstr "%s fora do intervalo"
-#: builtins/common.c:264
+#: builtins/common.c:291
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no such job"
msgstr "%s: tarefa inexistente"
-#: builtins/common.c:271
+#: builtins/common.c:299
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no job control"
msgstr "%s: sem controlo da tarefa"
-#: builtins/common.c:273
+#: builtins/common.c:301
msgid "no job control"
msgstr "sem controlo da tarefa"
-#: builtins/common.c:279
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: invalid job specification"
-msgstr "%s: especificação de inacção inválida"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:289
+#: builtins/common.c:311
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted"
msgstr "%s: restrita"
-#: builtins/common.c:291
+#: builtins/common.c:313
msgid "restricted"
msgstr "restrita"
-#: builtins/common.c:298
+#: builtins/common.c:321
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a shell builtin"
msgstr "%s: não é interno da consola"
-#: builtins/common.c:307
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "write error"
+#: builtins/common.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "erro de escrita: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:314
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error setting terminal attributes"
+#: builtins/common.c:338
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
msgstr "erro ao definir atributos do terminal: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:316
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error getting terminal attributes"
+#: builtins/common.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
msgstr "erro ao obter atributos do terminal: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:611
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "error retrieving current directory"
+#: builtins/common.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: erro ao obter a pasta actual: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:675 builtins/common.c:677
+#: builtins/common.c:708 builtins/common.c:710
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: especificação de tarefa ambígua"
-#: builtins/common.c:709
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: job specification requires leading `%%'"
-msgstr "%s: a opção requer um argumento"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:937
+#: builtins/common.c:971
msgid "help not available in this version"
msgstr "ajuda indisponível nesta versão"
-#: builtins/common.c:1005
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
-msgstr "%s: não é uma matriz indexada"
-
-#: builtins/common.c:1028 builtins/set.def:964 variables.c:3868
+#: builtins/common.c:1038 builtins/set.def:953 variables.c:3825
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível desactivar: %s só de leitura"
-#: builtins/common.c:1033 builtins/set.def:930 variables.c:3873
+#: builtins/common.c:1043 builtins/set.def:932 variables.c:3830
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset"
msgstr "%s: impossível desactivar"
-#: builtins/complete.def:285
+#: builtins/complete.def:287
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid action name"
msgstr "%s: nome de acção inválido"
-#: builtins/complete.def:501 builtins/complete.def:644
-#: builtins/complete.def:899
+#: builtins/complete.def:486 builtins/complete.def:642
+#: builtins/complete.def:873
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no completion specification"
msgstr "%s: sem especificação de conclusão"
-#: builtins/complete.def:703
+#: builtins/complete.def:696
msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "aviso: a opção -F pode não resultar como esperado"
-#: builtins/complete.def:705
+#: builtins/complete.def:698
msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "aviso: a opção -C pode não resultar como esperado"
-#: builtins/complete.def:872
+#: builtins/complete.def:846
msgid "not currently executing completion function"
msgstr "a função de conclusão não está em execução"
-#: builtins/declare.def:139
+#: builtins/declare.def:137
msgid "can only be used in a function"
msgstr "só pode ser usado numa função"
-#: builtins/declare.def:471
+#: builtins/declare.def:437
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "impossível usar \"-f\" para fazer funções"
-#: builtins/declare.def:499 execute_cmd.c:6294
+#: builtins/declare.def:464 execute_cmd.c:6132
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: função só de leitura"
-#: builtins/declare.def:556 builtins/declare.def:843
+#: builtins/declare.def:521 builtins/declare.def:804
#, c-format
msgid "%s: reference variable cannot be an array"
msgstr "%s: variável de referência não pode ser uma matriz"
-#: builtins/declare.def:567 variables.c:3346
+#: builtins/declare.def:532 variables.c:3359
#, c-format
msgid "%s: nameref variable self references not allowed"
msgstr "%s: não são permitidas auto-referências de nameref"
-#: builtins/declare.def:572 variables.c:2035 variables.c:3343
+#: builtins/declare.def:537 variables.c:2072 variables.c:3278 variables.c:3286
+#: variables.c:3356
#, c-format
msgid "%s: circular name reference"
msgstr "%s: referência circular de nome"
-#: builtins/declare.def:576 builtins/declare.def:850 builtins/declare.def:859
+#: builtins/declare.def:541 builtins/declare.def:811 builtins/declare.def:820
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid variable name for name reference"
msgstr "\"%s\": nome de variável inválido para referência de nome"
-#: builtins/declare.def:908
+#: builtins/declare.def:856
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way"
msgstr "%s: impossível destruir variáveis de matriz assim"
-#: builtins/declare.def:914
+#: builtins/declare.def:862 builtins/read.def:887
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array"
msgstr "%s: impossível converter matriz associativa em indexada"
-#: builtins/declare.def:943
+#: builtins/declare.def:891
#, c-format
msgid "%s: quoted compound array assignment deprecated"
msgstr "%s: atribuição de matriz composta citada obsoleta"
-#: builtins/enable.def:149 builtins/enable.def:157
+#: builtins/enable.def:145 builtins/enable.def:153
msgid "dynamic loading not available"
msgstr "carregamento dinâmico indisponível"
-#: builtins/enable.def:389
+#: builtins/enable.def:376
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s"
msgstr "impossível abrir objecto partilhado %s: %s"
-#: builtins/enable.def:408
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: builtin names may not contain slashes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins/enable.def:423
+#: builtins/enable.def:405
#, c-format
msgid "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s"
msgstr "impossível encontrar %s no objecto partilhado %s: %s"
-#: builtins/enable.def:440
+#: builtins/enable.def:422
#, c-format
msgid "%s: dynamic builtin already loaded"
msgstr "%s: interno dinâmico já carregado"
-#: builtins/enable.def:444
+#: builtins/enable.def:426
#, c-format
msgid "load function for %s returns failure (%d): not loaded"
msgstr "carregamento da função %s devolve falha (%d): não carregada"
-#: builtins/enable.def:565
+#: builtins/enable.def:551
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not dynamically loaded"
msgstr "%s: não carregada dinamicamente"
-#: builtins/enable.def:591
+#: builtins/enable.def:577
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível eliminar: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:137 builtins/hash.def:190 execute_cmd.c:6114
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:138 builtins/hash.def:185 execute_cmd.c:5959
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgstr "%s: é uma pasta"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:143
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:144
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a regular file"
msgstr "%s: não é um ficheiro normal"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:152
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:153
#, c-format
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: ficheiro muito grande"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:189 builtins/evalfile.c:207 execute_cmd.c:6196
-#: shell.c:1690
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot execute binary file"
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:188 builtins/evalfile.c:206 shell.c:1673
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: impossível executar o binário"
-#: builtins/evalstring.c:478
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: ignoring function definition attempt"
-msgstr "erro ao importar definição de função para \"%s\""
-
-#: builtins/exec.def:157 builtins/exec.def:159 builtins/exec.def:248
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot execute"
+#: builtins/exec.def:158 builtins/exec.def:160 builtins/exec.def:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível executar: %s"
-#: builtins/exit.def:61
+#: builtins/exit.def:64
#, c-format
msgid "logout\n"
msgstr "logout\n"
-#: builtins/exit.def:85
+#: builtins/exit.def:89
msgid "not login shell: use `exit'"
msgstr "não é consola de sessão: use \"exit\""
-#: builtins/exit.def:116
+#: builtins/exit.def:121
#, c-format
msgid "There are stopped jobs.\n"
msgstr "Há tarefas interrompidas.\n"
-#: builtins/exit.def:118
+#: builtins/exit.def:123
#, c-format
msgid "There are running jobs.\n"
msgstr "Há tarefas em curso.\n"
-#: builtins/fc.def:284 builtins/fc.def:391 builtins/fc.def:435
+#: builtins/fc.def:275 builtins/fc.def:373 builtins/fc.def:417
msgid "no command found"
msgstr "sem comando encontrado"
-#: builtins/fc.def:381 builtins/fc.def:386 builtins/fc.def:425
-#: builtins/fc.def:430
+#: builtins/fc.def:363 builtins/fc.def:368 builtins/fc.def:407
+#: builtins/fc.def:412
msgid "history specification"
msgstr "especificação de histórico"
-#: builtins/fc.def:462
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot open temp file"
+#: builtins/fc.def:444
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível abrir ficheiro temporário: %s"
-#: builtins/fg_bg.def:150 builtins/jobs.def:293
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:152 builtins/jobs.def:284
msgid "current"
msgstr "actual"
-#: builtins/fg_bg.def:159
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:161
#, c-format
msgid "job %d started without job control"
msgstr "tarefa %d começou sem controlo de tarefa"
msgid "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"
msgstr "%s: a opção requer um argumento -- %c\n"
-#: builtins/hash.def:88
+#: builtins/hash.def:91
msgid "hashing disabled"
msgstr "hashing desactivado"
-#: builtins/hash.def:144
+#: builtins/hash.def:139
#, c-format
msgid "%s: hash table empty\n"
msgstr "%s: tabela de hash vazia\n"
#: builtins/help.def:185
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
-msgstr ""
-"nenhum tópico de ajuda para \"%s\". Tente \"help help\", \"man -k %s\" ou "
-"\"info %s\"."
+msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
+msgstr "nenhum tópico de ajuda para \"%s\". Tente \"help help\", \"man -k %s\" ou \"info %s\"."
-#: builtins/help.def:214
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot open"
-msgstr "impossível suspender"
+#: builtins/help.def:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
+msgstr "%s: impossível abrir: %s"
-#: builtins/help.def:500
+#: builtins/help.def:523
#, c-format
msgid ""
"These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n"
"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
-"Estes comandos de consola são definidos internamente. Insira \"help\" para "
-"ver a lista.\n"
+"Estes comandos de consola são definidos internamente. Insira \"help\" para ver a lista.\n"
"Insira \"help nome\" para saber mais sobre a função \"nome\".\n"
"Use \"info bash\" para saber mais sobre a consola em geral.\n"
"Use \"man -k ou \"info\" para saber mais sobre comandos não listados.\n"
"Um asterisco (*) junto a um nome significa que o comando está inactivo.\n"
"\n"
-#: builtins/history.def:162
+#: builtins/history.def:159
msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw"
msgstr "impossível usar mais de um -anrw"
-#: builtins/history.def:195 builtins/history.def:207 builtins/history.def:218
-#: builtins/history.def:243 builtins/history.def:250
+#: builtins/history.def:192 builtins/history.def:204 builtins/history.def:215
+#: builtins/history.def:228 builtins/history.def:240 builtins/history.def:247
msgid "history position"
msgstr "posição do histórico"
-#: builtins/history.def:278
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "empty filename"
-msgstr "nome de variável de matriz vazio"
-
-#: builtins/history.def:280 subst.c:8215
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
-msgstr "%s: parâmetro nulo ou não definido"
-
-#: builtins/history.def:349
+#: builtins/history.def:338
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid timestamp"
msgstr "%s: datação inválida"
-#: builtins/history.def:457
+#: builtins/history.def:449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: history expansion failed"
msgstr "%s: falha na expansão do histórico"
+#: builtins/inlib.def:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: inlib failed"
+msgstr "%s: falha inlib"
+
#: builtins/jobs.def:109
msgid "no other options allowed with `-x'"
msgstr "não são permitidas mais opções com \"-x\""
-#: builtins/kill.def:213
+#: builtins/kill.def:211
#, c-format
msgid "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs"
msgstr "%s: os argumentos têm de ser IDs de processos ou tarefas"
-#: builtins/kill.def:275
+#: builtins/kill.def:274
msgid "Unknown error"
msgstr "Erro desconhecido"
-#: builtins/let.def:96 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:633 expr.c:651
+#: builtins/let.def:97 builtins/let.def:122 expr.c:640 expr.c:658
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "esperada expressão"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:373
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:180
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
+msgstr "%s: não é uma matriz indexada"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:276 builtins/read.def:336
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: especificação de descritor de ficheiro inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:257 builtins/read.def:380
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "invalid file descriptor"
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:284 builtins/read.def:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: descritor de ficheiro inválido: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:266 builtins/mapfile.def:304
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:293 builtins/mapfile.def:331
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: total de linhas inválido"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:277
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:304
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: origem de matriz inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:294
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:321
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: callback inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:327
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:354
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "nome de variável de matriz vazio"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:347
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:375
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "requerido suporte a variáveis de matriz"
-#: builtins/printf.def:477
+#: builtins/printf.def:430
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': missing format character"
msgstr "%s: carácter de formato em falta"
-#: builtins/printf.def:603
+#: builtins/printf.def:485
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid time format specification"
msgstr "\"%c\": especificação de formato de hora inválida"
-#: builtins/printf.def:705
-msgid "string length"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins/printf.def:805
+#: builtins/printf.def:708
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "\"%c\": carácter de formato inválido"
-#: builtins/printf.def:922
+#: builtins/printf.def:734
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: %s: %s"
+msgstr "aviso: %s: %s"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:822
#, c-format
msgid "format parsing problem: %s"
msgstr "problema de análise de formato: %s"
-#: builtins/printf.def:1107
+#: builtins/printf.def:919
msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
msgstr "dígito hex em falta para \\x"
-#: builtins/printf.def:1122
+#: builtins/printf.def:934
#, c-format
msgid "missing unicode digit for \\%c"
msgstr "dígito unicode em falta para \\%c"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:198
+#: builtins/pushd.def:199
msgid "no other directory"
msgstr "nenhuma outra pasta"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:358 builtins/pushd.def:383
+#: builtins/pushd.def:360
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid argument"
msgstr "%s: argumento inválido"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:501
+#: builtins/pushd.def:480
msgid "<no current directory>"
msgstr "<sem pasta actual>"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:543
+#: builtins/pushd.def:524
msgid "directory stack empty"
msgstr "pilha de pastas vazia"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:545
+#: builtins/pushd.def:526
msgid "directory stack index"
msgstr "índice da pilha de pastas"
-#: builtins/pushd.def:708
+#: builtins/pushd.def:701
msgid ""
"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
" \twith its position in the stack\n"
" \n"
" Arguments:\n"
-" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
" \n"
-" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
msgstr ""
"Mostrar a lista de pastas actualmente lembradas. As pastas\n"
" -N\tmostra a N entrada a contar da direita da lista mostrada por\n"
" \tpastas quando chamada sem opções, começando com zero."
-#: builtins/pushd.def:730
+#: builtins/pushd.def:723
msgid ""
"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
" \n"
" O \"dirs\" interno mostra a pilha de pastas."
-#: builtins/pushd.def:755
+#: builtins/pushd.def:748
msgid ""
"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
" \n"
" O \"dirs\" interno mostra a pilha de pastas."
-#: builtins/read.def:346
+#: builtins/read.def:308
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification"
msgstr "%s: especificação de inacção inválida"
-#: builtins/read.def:909
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "read error"
+#: builtins/read.def:827
+#, c-format
+msgid "read error: %d: %s"
msgstr "erro de leitura: %d: %s"
-#: builtins/return.def:73
+#: builtins/return.def:68
msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script"
msgstr "só pode usar \"return\" a partir de uma função ou script baseado"
-#: builtins/set.def:863
+#: builtins/set.def:869
msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"
msgstr "impossível desactivar simultaneamente uma função e uma variável"
-#: builtins/set.def:981
+#: builtins/set.def:969
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not an array variable"
msgstr "%s: não é variável de matriz"
-#: builtins/setattr.def:187
+#: builtins/setattr.def:189
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not a function"
msgstr "%s: não é função"
-#: builtins/setattr.def:192
+#: builtins/setattr.def:194
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot export"
msgstr "%s: impossível exportar"
-#: builtins/shift.def:74 builtins/shift.def:86
+#: builtins/shift.def:72 builtins/shift.def:79
msgid "shift count"
msgstr "total de trocas"
-#: builtins/shopt.def:332
+#: builtins/shopt.def:323
msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously"
msgstr "impossível definir e desactivar opções da consola em simultâneo"
-#: builtins/shopt.def:457
+#: builtins/shopt.def:444
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell option name"
msgstr "%s: nome de opção da consola inválido"
-#: builtins/source.def:143
+#: builtins/source.def:128
msgid "filename argument required"
msgstr "requerido argumento de nome de ficheiro"
-#: builtins/source.def:179
+#: builtins/source.def:154
#, c-format
msgid "%s: file not found"
msgstr "%s: ficheiro não encontrado"
-#: builtins/suspend.def:105
+#: builtins/suspend.def:102
msgid "cannot suspend"
msgstr "impossível suspender"
-#: builtins/suspend.def:111
+#: builtins/suspend.def:112
msgid "cannot suspend a login shell"
msgstr "impossível suspender uma consola de sessão"
-#: builtins/test.def:146 test.c:926
-msgid "missing `]'"
-msgstr "\"]\" em falta"
-
-#: builtins/type.def:231
+#: builtins/type.def:235
#, c-format
msgid "%s is aliased to `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s usa o aliás \"%s\"\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:252
+#: builtins/type.def:256
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a shell keyword\n"
msgstr "%s é palavra-chave da consola\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:270 builtins/type.def:314
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s is a special shell builtin\n"
-msgstr "%s é opção interna especial da consola\n"
-
-#: builtins/type.def:289
+#: builtins/type.def:275
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a function\n"
msgstr "%s é uma função\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:316
+#: builtins/type.def:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a special shell builtin\n"
+msgstr "%s é opção interna especial da consola\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:301
#, c-format
msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n"
msgstr "%s é opção interna da consola\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:338 builtins/type.def:425
+#: builtins/type.def:323 builtins/type.def:408
#, c-format
msgid "%s is %s\n"
msgstr "%s é %s\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:358
+#: builtins/type.def:343
#, c-format
msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n"
msgstr "%s tem hash (%s)\n"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:401
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:400
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid limit argument"
msgstr "%s: argumento de limite inválido"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:427
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:426
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': bad command"
msgstr "\"%c\": comando errado"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:463 builtins/ulimit.def:733
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot get limit"
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível obter limite: %s"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:496
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:490
msgid "limit"
msgstr "limite"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:509 builtins/ulimit.def:797
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot modify limit"
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:502 builtins/ulimit.def:802
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível modificar limite: %s"
-#: builtins/umask.def:114
+#: builtins/umask.def:115
msgid "octal number"
msgstr "número octal"
-#: builtins/umask.def:256
+#: builtins/umask.def:232
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator"
msgstr "\"%c\": operador de modo simbólico inválido"
-#: builtins/umask.def:341
+#: builtins/umask.def:287
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"
msgstr "\"%c\": carácter de modo simbólico inválido"
-#: error.c:83 error.c:311 error.c:313 error.c:315
+#: error.c:89 error.c:373 error.c:375 error.c:377
msgid " line "
msgstr " linha "
-#: error.c:151
+#: error.c:164
#, c-format
msgid "last command: %s\n"
msgstr "último comando: %s\n"
-#: error.c:159
+#: error.c:172
#, c-format
msgid "Aborting..."
msgstr "A abortar..."
#. TRANSLATORS: this is a prefix for informational messages.
-#: error.c:244
+#: error.c:287
#, c-format
msgid "INFORM: "
msgstr "INFORM.: "
-#: error.c:261
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: error.c:310
+#, c-format
msgid "DEBUG warning: "
-msgstr "aviso: "
+msgstr "Aviso de DEPURAÇÃO: "
-#: error.c:413
+#: error.c:488
msgid "unknown command error"
msgstr "erro de comando desconhecido"
-#: error.c:414
+#: error.c:489
msgid "bad command type"
msgstr "tipo de comando errado"
-#: error.c:415
+#: error.c:490
msgid "bad connector"
msgstr "conector errado"
-#: error.c:416
+#: error.c:491
msgid "bad jump"
msgstr "salto errado"
-#: error.c:449
+#: error.c:529
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unbound variable"
msgstr "%s: variável desassociada"
-#: eval.c:256
+#: eval.c:243
msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n"
msgstr "\aDemasiada inacção à espera de entrada: sessão terminada\n"
-#: execute_cmd.c:606
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null"
+#: execute_cmd.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "impossível redireccionar entrada padrão de /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1404
+#: execute_cmd.c:1317
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "FORMATOHORA: \"%c\": carácter de formato inválido"
-#: execute_cmd.c:2485
+#: execute_cmd.c:2391
#, c-format
msgid "execute_coproc: coproc [%d:%s] still exists"
msgstr "execute_coproc: coproc [%d:%s] ainda existe"
-#: execute_cmd.c:2639
+#: execute_cmd.c:2524
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "erro de pipe"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4092
-#, c-format
-msgid "invalid regular expression `%s': %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:4094
-#, c-format
-msgid "invalid regular expression `%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5048
+#: execute_cmd.c:4923
#, c-format
msgid "eval: maximum eval nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "eval: nível máximo de aninhamento de eval excedido (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5061
+#: execute_cmd.c:4935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: maximum source nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "%s: nível máximo de aninhamento de fonte excedido (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5190
+#: execute_cmd.c:5043
#, c-format
msgid "%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "%s: nível máximo de aninhamento de função excedido (%d)"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5728
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "command not found"
-msgstr "%s: comando não encontrado"
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5757
+#: execute_cmd.c:5598
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restrito: impossível especificar \"/\" em nomes de comando"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6150
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "bad interpreter"
-msgstr "%s: %s: interpretador errado"
+#: execute_cmd.c:5715
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: command not found"
+msgstr "%s: comando não encontrado"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:5957
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6159
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: execute_cmd.c:5975
+#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute: required file not found"
-msgstr "%s: impossível executar o binário"
+msgstr "%s: impossível executar: ficheiro requerido não encontrado"
-#: execute_cmd.c:6335
+#: execute_cmd.c:6000
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
+msgstr "%s: %s: interpretador errado"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6037
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"
+msgstr "%s: impossível executar binário: %s"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6123
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': is a special builtin"
+msgstr "%s: é uma opção interna especial"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:6175
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "impossível duplicar fd %d para fd %d"
-#: expr.c:265
+#: expr.c:263
msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
msgstr "nível de recursão da expressão excedido"
-#: expr.c:293
+#: expr.c:291
msgid "recursion stack underflow"
msgstr "sub-fluxo da pilha de recursividade"
-#: expr.c:471
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error in expression"
+#: expr.c:478
+msgid "syntax error in expression"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe na expressão"
-#: expr.c:515
+#: expr.c:522
msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
msgstr "tentativa de atribuição a não-variável"
-#: expr.c:524
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error in variable assignment"
+#: expr.c:531
+msgid "syntax error in variable assignment"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe na atribuição de variável"
-#: expr.c:538 expr.c:905
+#: expr.c:545 expr.c:912
msgid "division by 0"
msgstr "divisão por 0"
-#: expr.c:586
+#: expr.c:593
msgid "bug: bad expassign token"
msgstr "problema: símbolo expassign errado"
-#: expr.c:640
+#: expr.c:647
msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression"
msgstr "\":\" esperados para expressão condicional"
-#: expr.c:967
+#: expr.c:973
msgid "exponent less than 0"
msgstr "expoente menor que 0"
-#: expr.c:1028
+#: expr.c:1030
msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
msgstr "identificador esperado após pré-incremento ou pré-decremento"
-#: expr.c:1055
+#: expr.c:1057
msgid "missing `)'"
msgstr "\")\" em falta"
-#: expr.c:1106 expr.c:1489
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error: operand expected"
+#: expr.c:1108 expr.c:1492
+msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: operando esperado"
-#: expr.c:1450 expr.c:1471
-msgid "--: assignment requires lvalue"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: expr.c:1452 expr.c:1473
-msgid "++: assignment requires lvalue"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: expr.c:1491
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "arithmetic syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
+#: expr.c:1494
+msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: operador aritmético inválido"
-#: expr.c:1514
+#: expr.c:1518
#, c-format
msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"
msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (símbolo de erro é \"%s\")"
-#: expr.c:1577
+#: expr.c:1578
msgid "invalid arithmetic base"
msgstr "base aritmética inválida"
-#: expr.c:1586
+#: expr.c:1587
msgid "invalid integer constant"
msgstr "constante inteira inválida"
-#: expr.c:1602
+#: expr.c:1603
msgid "value too great for base"
msgstr "valor muito grande para a base"
-#: expr.c:1653
+#: expr.c:1652
#, c-format
msgid "%s: expression error\n"
msgstr "%s: erro de expressão\n"
msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories"
msgstr "getcwd: impossível aceder a pastas-mãe"
-#: general.c:459
-#, c-format
-msgid "`%s': is a special builtin"
-msgstr "%s: é uma opção interna especial"
-
-#: input.c:98 subst.c:6540
+#: input.c:99 subst.c:6208
#, c-format
msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"
msgstr "impossível repor modo nodelay para fd %d"
-#: input.c:254
+#: input.c:266
#, c-format
msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
-msgstr ""
-"impossível alocar novo descritor de ficheiro para entrada bash de fd %d"
+msgstr "impossível alocar novo descritor de ficheiro para entrada bash de fd %d"
-#: input.c:262
+#: input.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"
msgstr "save_bash_input: buffer já existe para o novo fd %d"
-#: jobs.c:549
+#: jobs.c:543
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pipe pgrp"
-#: jobs.c:910
+#: jobs.c:907
#, c-format
msgid "bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
msgstr "bgp_delete: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
-#: jobs.c:962
+#: jobs.c:960
#, c-format
msgid "bgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
msgstr "bgp_search: LOOP: psi (%d) == storage[psi].bucket_next"
-#: jobs.c:1380
+#: jobs.c:1279
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "pid %d aparece em tarefa em execução %d"
-#: jobs.c:1496
+#: jobs.c:1397
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "a eliminar tarefa interrompida %d com grupo de processo %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1620
+#: jobs.c:1502
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marcado como ainda activo"
-#: jobs.c:1949
+#: jobs.c:1839
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: pid não existente"
-#: jobs.c:1963
+#: jobs.c:1854
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Sinal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1974 jobs.c:2000
+#: jobs.c:1868 jobs.c:1894
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Feito"
-#: jobs.c:1979 siglist.c:123
+#: jobs.c:1873 siglist.c:123
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Interrompido"
-#: jobs.c:1983
+#: jobs.c:1877
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Interrompido(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1987
+#: jobs.c:1881
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Em execução"
-#: jobs.c:2004
+#: jobs.c:1898
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Feito(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:2006
+#: jobs.c:1900
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Sair de %d"
-#: jobs.c:2009
+#: jobs.c:1903
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Estado desconhecido"
-#: jobs.c:2105
+#: jobs.c:1990
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(núcleo despejado) "
-#: jobs.c:2124
+#: jobs.c:2009
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:2391
+#: jobs.c:2250
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "setpgid filho (%ld para %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2753 nojobs.c:640
+#: jobs.c:2608 nojobs.c:666
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld não é um filho desta consola"
-#: jobs.c:3049
+#: jobs.c:2884
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: sem registo do processo %ld"
-#: jobs.c:3407
+#: jobs.c:3223
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_tarefa: tarefa %d está interrompida"
-#: jobs.c:3835
+#: jobs.c:3551
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no current jobs"
msgstr "%s: sem tarefas actuais"
-#: jobs.c:3842
+#: jobs.c:3558
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: tarefa terminada"
-#: jobs.c:3851
+#: jobs.c:3567
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: tarefa %d já em 2º plano"
-#: jobs.c:4089
+#: jobs.c:3793
msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
msgstr "waitchld: a ligar WNOHANG para evitar bloquieo indefinido"
-#: jobs.c:4638
+#: jobs.c:4307
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: linha %d: "
-#: jobs.c:4654 nojobs.c:895
+#: jobs.c:4321 nojobs.c:921
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (núcleo despejado)"
-#: jobs.c:4674 jobs.c:4694
+#: jobs.c:4333 jobs.c:4346
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd agora: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:4738
+#: jobs.c:4378
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp falhou"
-#: jobs.c:4794
+#: jobs.c:4434
msgid "initialize_job_control: no job control in background"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: sem controlo de tarefa em 2º plano"
-#: jobs.c:4810
+#: jobs.c:4450
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: disciplina de linha"
-#: jobs.c:4820
+#: jobs.c:4460
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:4841 jobs.c:4850
+#: jobs.c:4481 jobs.c:4490
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "impossível definir grupo de processo do terminal (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:4855
+#: jobs.c:4495
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "não há controlo de tarefa nesta consola"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:364
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:367
#, c-format
msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n"
msgstr "malloc: asserção falhada: %s\n"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:375
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:383
#, c-format
msgid ""
"\r\n"
"\r\n"
"malloc: %s:%d: asserção frustrada\r\n"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:376 lib/malloc/malloc.c:925
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:384 lib/malloc/malloc.c:941
msgid "unknown"
msgstr "desconhecido"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:876
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:892
msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
msgstr "malloc: bloqueio na lista livre clobbered"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:961
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:980
msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
msgstr "free: chamado com argumento de bloco já liberto"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:964
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:983
msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument"
msgstr "free: chamado com argumento de bloco não alocado"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:982
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001
msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
msgstr "free: sub-fluxo detectado; mh_nbytes fora do intervalo"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:988
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1007
msgid "free: underflow detected; magic8 corrupted"
msgstr "free: sub-fluxo detectado; magic8 corrompido"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:995
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1014
msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ"
msgstr "free: tamanho dos pontos inicial e final difere"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1155
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1176
msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument"
msgstr "realloc: chamado com argumento de bloco não alocado"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1170
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1191
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
msgstr "realloc: sub-fluxo detectado; mh_nbytes fora do intervalo"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1176
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1197
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; magic8 corrupted"
msgstr "realloc: sub-fluxo detectado; magic8 corrompido"
-#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1184
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1205
msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
msgstr "realloc: tamanho dos pontos inicial e final difere"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:179
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:191
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
msgstr "register_alloc: tabela de alocação cheia com FIND_ALLOC?\n"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:188
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:200
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
msgstr "register_alloc: %p já na tabela como alocado?\n"
-#: lib/malloc/table.c:237
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:253
#, c-format
msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
msgstr "register_free: %p já na tabela como livre?\n"
-#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:90
+#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:102
msgid "invalid base"
msgstr "base inválida"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:161
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: host unknown"
msgstr "%s: anfitrião desconhecido"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid service"
msgstr "%s: serviço inválido"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:294
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
#, c-format
msgid "%s: bad network path specification"
msgstr "%s: especificação de caminho de rede errada"
-#: lib/sh/netopen.c:332
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:347
msgid "network operations not supported"
msgstr "operações de rede não suportadas"
-#: locale.c:226 locale.c:228 locale.c:301 locale.c:303
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot change locale"
+#: locale.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: não pode alterar o idioma (%s)"
+
+#: locale.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: não pode alterar o idioma (%s): %s"
+
+#: locale.c:294
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
msgstr "setlocale: %s: não pode alterar o idioma (%s)"
-#: mailcheck.c:435
+#: locale.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr "setlocale: %s: não pode alterar o idioma (%s): %s"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:439
msgid "You have mail in $_"
msgstr "Tem correio em $_"
-#: mailcheck.c:460
+#: mailcheck.c:464
msgid "You have new mail in $_"
msgstr "Tem novo correio em $_"
-#: mailcheck.c:476
+#: mailcheck.c:480
#, c-format
msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n"
msgstr "O correio em %s já foi lido\n"
-#: make_cmd.c:286
+#: make_cmd.c:314
msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: requerida expressão aritmética"
-#: make_cmd.c:288
+#: make_cmd.c:316
msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: \";\" inesperado"
-#: make_cmd.c:289
+#: make_cmd.c:317
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: \"((%s))\""
-#: make_cmd.c:523
+#: make_cmd.c:569
#, c-format
msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
msgstr "make_here_document: tipo de instrução %d errado"
-#: make_cmd.c:627
+#: make_cmd.c:668
#, c-format
msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
-msgstr ""
-"here-document na linha %d delimitado por fim-de-ficheiro (desejado \"%s\")"
+msgstr "here-document na linha %d delimitado por fim-de-ficheiro (desejado \"%s\")"
-#: make_cmd.c:722
+#: make_cmd.c:769
#, c-format
msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
-msgstr ""
-"make_redirection: instrução de redireccionamento \"%d\" fora do intervalo"
+msgstr "make_redirection: instrução de redireccionamento \"%d\" fora do intervalo"
-#: parse.y:2572
+#: parse.y:2428
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line "
-"truncated"
-msgstr ""
-"consola_getc: consola_input_line_size (%zu) excede SIZE_MAX (%lu): linha "
-"truncada"
+msgid "shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%lu): line truncated"
+msgstr "consola_getc: consola_input_line_size (%zu) excede SIZE_MAX (%lu): linha truncada"
-#: parse.y:2864
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "script file read error"
-msgstr "erro de escrita: %s"
-
-#: parse.y:3101
+#: parse.y:2921
msgid "maximum here-document count exceeded"
msgstr "total here-document máximo excedido"
-#: parse.y:3901 parse.y:4799 parse.y:6853
+#: parse.y:3684 parse.y:4244 parse.y:6148
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"
msgstr "EOF inesperado ao procurar \"%c\" correspondentes"
-#: parse.y:5006
+#: parse.y:4452
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"
msgstr "EOF inesperado ao procurar \"]]\""
-#: parse.y:5011
+#: parse.y:4457
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe em expressão condicional: símbolo inesperado \"%s\""
-#: parse.y:5015
+#: parse.y:4461
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe em expressão condicional"
-#: parse.y:5093
+#: parse.y:4539
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"
msgstr "símbolo inesperado \"%s\", esperado \")\""
-#: parse.y:5097
+#: parse.y:4543
msgid "expected `)'"
msgstr "esperado \")\""
-#: parse.y:5127
+#: parse.y:4571
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"
msgstr "argumento \"%s\" inesperado para operador unário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5131
+#: parse.y:4575
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"
msgstr "argumento inesperado para operador unário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5178
+#: parse.y:4621
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"
msgstr "símbolo \"%s\" inesperado, esperado operador binário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5182
+#: parse.y:4625
msgid "conditional binary operator expected"
msgstr "esperado operador binário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5211
+#: parse.y:4647
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"
msgstr "argumento \"%s\" inesperado para operador binário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5215
+#: parse.y:4651
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"
msgstr "argumento inesperado para operador binário condicional"
-#: parse.y:5226
+#: parse.y:4662
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"
msgstr "símbolo \"%c\" inesperado em comando condicional"
-#: parse.y:5229
+#: parse.y:4665
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"
msgstr "símbolo \"%s\" inesperado em comando condicional"
-#: parse.y:5233
+#: parse.y:4669
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command"
msgstr "símbolo %d inesperado em comando condicional"
-#: parse.y:6821
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s' while looking for matching `%c'"
-msgstr "EOF inesperado ao procurar \"%c\" correspondentes"
-
-#: parse.y:6823
+#: parse.y:6118
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe junto a símbolo \"%s\" inesperado"
-#: parse.y:6842
+#: parse.y:6137
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe junto a \"%s\""
-#: parse.y:6861
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file from `%s' command on line %d"
-msgstr "erro de sintaxe: fim de ficheiro inesperado"
-
-#: parse.y:6863
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file from command on line %d"
-msgstr "erro de sintaxe: fim de ficheiro inesperado"
-
-#: parse.y:6867
+#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: fim de ficheiro inesperado"
-#: parse.y:6867
+#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe"
-#: parse.y:6916
+#: parse.y:6216
#, c-format
msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"
msgstr "Use \"%s\" para sair da consola.\n"
-#: parse.y:7114
+#: parse.y:6394
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "EOF inesperado ao procurar o \")\" correspondente"
-#: pathexp.c:897
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "invalid glob sort type"
-msgstr "base inválida"
-
-#: pcomplete.c:1070
+#: pcomplete.c:1132
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: função \"%s\" não encontrada"
-#: pcomplete.c:1654
+#: pcomplete.c:1722
#, c-format
msgid "programmable_completion: %s: possible retry loop"
msgstr "programmable_completion: %s: possível ciclo de repetição"
-#: pcomplib.c:176
+#: pcomplib.c:182
#, c-format
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:324
+#: print_cmd.c:302
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: conector \"%d\" errado"
-#: print_cmd.c:399
+#: print_cmd.c:375
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
msgstr "xtrace_set: %d: descritor de ficheiro inválido"
-#: print_cmd.c:404
+#: print_cmd.c:380
msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
msgstr "xtrace_set: ponteiro de ficheiro NULL"
-#: print_cmd.c:408
+#: print_cmd.c:384
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
msgstr "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
-#: print_cmd.c:1597
+#: print_cmd.c:1545
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: \"%c\": carácter de formato inválido"
-#: redir.c:145 redir.c:193
+#: redir.c:150 redir.c:198
msgid "file descriptor out of range"
msgstr "descritor de ficheiro fora de alcance"
-#: redir.c:200
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "ambiguous redirect"
+#: redir.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous redirect"
msgstr "%s: redireccionamento ambíguo"
-#: redir.c:204
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot overwrite existing file"
+#: redir.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file"
msgstr "%s: impossível sobrescrever ficheiro existente"
-#: redir.c:209
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "restricted: cannot redirect output"
+#: redir.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output"
msgstr "%s: restricto: impossível redireccionar saída"
-#: redir.c:214
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document"
+#: redir.c:219
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
msgstr "impossível criar ficheiro temporário para here-document: %s"
-#: redir.c:218
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cannot assign fd to variable"
+#: redir.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable"
msgstr "%s: impossível atribuir fd a variável"
-#: redir.c:633
+#: redir.c:650
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port não suportado em trabalho de rede"
-#: redir.c:937 redir.c:1051 redir.c:1109 redir.c:1273
+#: redir.c:945 redir.c:1065 redir.c:1130 redir.c:1303
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
msgstr "erro de redireccionamento: impossível duplicar fd"
-#: shell.c:359
+#: shell.c:353
msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
msgstr "impossível encontrar /tmp, por favor crie-a!"
-#: shell.c:363
+#: shell.c:357
msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name"
msgstr "/tmp tem de ser um nome de pasta válido"
-#: shell.c:827
+#: shell.c:826
msgid "pretty-printing mode ignored in interactive shells"
msgstr "modo pretty-printing ignorado em consolas interactivas"
-#: shell.c:969
+#: shell.c:972
#, c-format
msgid "%c%c: invalid option"
msgstr "%c%c: opção inválida"
-#: shell.c:1357
+#: shell.c:1343
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set uid to %d: effective uid %d"
msgstr "impossível definir uid como %d: uid efectiva %d"
-#: shell.c:1373
+#: shell.c:1354
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set gid to %d: effective gid %d"
msgstr "impossível definir gid como %d: gid efectiva %d"
-#: shell.c:1562
+#: shell.c:1544
msgid "cannot start debugger; debugging mode disabled"
msgstr "impossível iniciar o depurador; modo de depuração desactivado"
-#: shell.c:1675
+#: shell.c:1658
#, c-format
msgid "%s: Is a directory"
msgstr "%s: é uma pasta"
-#: shell.c:1891
+#: shell.c:1907
msgid "I have no name!"
msgstr "Não tenho nome!"
-#: shell.c:2055
+#: shell.c:2061
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n"
msgstr "GNU bash, versão %s-(%s)\n"
-#: shell.c:2056
+#: shell.c:2062
#, c-format
msgid ""
"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
"Uso:\t%s [opção longa GNU] [opção] ...\n"
"\t%s [opção longa GNU] [opção] script-file ...\n"
-#: shell.c:2058
+#: shell.c:2064
msgid "GNU long options:\n"
msgstr "Opções longas GNU:\n"
-#: shell.c:2062
+#: shell.c:2068
msgid "Shell options:\n"
msgstr "Opções da consola:\n"
-#: shell.c:2063
+#: shell.c:2069
msgid "\t-ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
msgstr "\tcomando -ilrsD ou -c ou -O shopt_option\t\t(só chamada)\n"
-#: shell.c:2082
+#: shell.c:2088
#, c-format
msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
msgstr "\topção -%s ou -o\n"
-#: shell.c:2088
+#: shell.c:2094
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Insira \"%s -c \"help set\"\" para mais informação sobre opções da consola.\n"
+msgstr "Insira \"%s -c \"help set\"\" para mais informação sobre opções da consola.\n"
-#: shell.c:2089
+#: shell.c:2095
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Insira \"%s -c help\" para mais informação sobre comandos internos da "
-"consola.\n"
+msgstr "Insira \"%s -c help\" para mais informação sobre comandos internos da consola.\n"
-#: shell.c:2090
+#: shell.c:2096
#, c-format
msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
msgstr "Use o comando \"bashbug\" para reportar erros.\n"
-#: shell.c:2092
+#: shell.c:2098
#, c-format
msgid "bash home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash>\n"
msgstr "Página inicial do bash: <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash>\n"
-#: shell.c:2093
+#: shell.c:2099
#, c-format
msgid "General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>\n"
msgstr "Ajuda geral para usar programas GNU: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>\n"
-#: sig.c:808
+#: sig.c:765
#, c-format
msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: operação inválida"
msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
msgstr "Sinal desconhecido #%d"
-#: subst.c:1501 subst.c:1793 subst.c:1999
+#: subst.c:1480 subst.c:1670
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
msgstr "má substituição: sem \"%s\" de fecho em %s"
-#: subst.c:3599
+#: subst.c:3307
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
msgstr "%s: impossível atribuir lista a membro de matriz"
-#: subst.c:6379 subst.c:6395
+#: subst.c:6048 subst.c:6064
msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
msgstr "impossível fazer pipe para substituição de processo"
-#: subst.c:6455
+#: subst.c:6124
msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
msgstr "impossível fazer filho para substituição de processo"
-#: subst.c:6530
+#: subst.c:6198
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
msgstr "impossível abrir pipe chamado %s para leitura"
-#: subst.c:6532
+#: subst.c:6200
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
msgstr "impossível abrir pipe chamado %s para escrita"
-#: subst.c:6555
+#: subst.c:6223
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
msgstr "imossível duplicar pipe chamado %s como fd %d"
-#: subst.c:6721
+#: subst.c:6370
msgid "command substitution: ignored null byte in input"
msgstr "substituição de comando: byte nulo ignorado na entrada"
-#: subst.c:6960
-msgid "function_substitute: cannot open anonymous file for output"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: subst.c:7034
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "function_substitute: cannot duplicate anonymous file as standard output"
-msgstr "command_substitute: impossível duplicar pipe como fd 1"
-
-#: subst.c:7208 subst.c:7229
+#: subst.c:6533
msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
msgstr "impossível fazer pipe para substituição de comando"
-#: subst.c:7280
+#: subst.c:6580
msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
msgstr "impossível fazer filho para substituição de comando"
-#: subst.c:7313
+#: subst.c:6613
msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
msgstr "command_substitute: impossível duplicar pipe como fd 1"
-#: subst.c:7802 subst.c:10978
+#: subst.c:7082 subst.c:10252
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid variable name for name reference"
msgstr "%s: nome de variável inválido para referência de nome"
-#: subst.c:7895 subst.c:7913 subst.c:8089
+#: subst.c:7178 subst.c:7196 subst.c:7369
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid indirect expansion"
msgstr "%s: expansão indirecta inválida"
-#: subst.c:7929 subst.c:8097
+#: subst.c:7212 subst.c:7377
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid variable name"
msgstr "%s: nome de variável inválido"
-#: subst.c:8114 subst.c:10260 subst.c:10287
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: bad substitution"
-msgstr "%s: má substituição"
-
-#: subst.c:8213
+#: subst.c:7478
#, c-format
msgid "%s: parameter not set"
msgstr "%s: parâmetro não definido"
-#: subst.c:8469 subst.c:8484
+#: subst.c:7480
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
+msgstr "%s: parâmetro nulo ou não definido"
+
+#: subst.c:7727 subst.c:7742
#, c-format
msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
msgstr "%s: expressão de sub-cadeia < 0"
-#: subst.c:10386
+#: subst.c:9560 subst.c:9587
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad substitution"
+msgstr "%s: má substituição"
+
+#: subst.c:9678
#, c-format
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: impossível atribuir desta forma"
-#: subst.c:10844
-msgid ""
-"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic "
-"substitution"
-msgstr ""
-"futuras versões da consola vão forçar a avaliação como uma substituição "
-"aritmética"
+#: subst.c:10111
+msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
+msgstr "futuras versões da consola vão forçar a avaliação como uma substituição aritmética"
-#: subst.c:11552
+#: subst.c:10795
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "má substituição: sem \"\"\" de fecho em %s"
-#: subst.c:12626
+#: subst.c:11874
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "sem par:%s"
-#: test.c:156
+#: test.c:147
msgid "argument expected"
msgstr "argumento esperado"
-#: test.c:164
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: integer expected"
+#: test.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: integer expression expected"
msgstr "%s: expressão inteira esperada"
-#: test.c:292
+#: test.c:265
msgid "`)' expected"
msgstr "\")\" esperado"
-#: test.c:294
+#: test.c:267
#, c-format
msgid "`)' expected, found %s"
msgstr "\")\" esperado, encontrado %s"
-#: test.c:488 test.c:831
+#: test.c:469 test.c:814
#, c-format
msgid "%s: binary operator expected"
msgstr "%s: operador bináro esperado"
-#: test.c:792 test.c:795
+#: test.c:771 test.c:774
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unary operator expected"
msgstr "%s: operador unáro esperado"
-#: test.c:944
+#: test.c:896
+msgid "missing `]'"
+msgstr "\"]\" em falta"
+
+#: test.c:914
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `%s' unexpected"
msgstr "erro de sintaxe: \"%s\" esperado"
-#: trap.c:225
+#: trap.c:220
msgid "invalid signal number"
msgstr "número de sinal inválido"
-#: trap.c:358
+#: trap.c:323
#, c-format
msgid "trap handler: maximum trap handler level exceeded (%d)"
msgstr "gestor de trap: nível máximo de gestor de captura excedido (%d)"
-#: trap.c:455
+#: trap.c:412
#, c-format
msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
msgstr "run_pending_traps: valor errado em trap_list[%d]: %p"
-#: trap.c:459
+#: trap.c:416
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
-msgstr ""
-"run_pending_traps: gestor de sinal é SIG_DFL, a reenviar %d (%s) para mim "
-"próprio"
+msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: gestor de sinal é SIG_DFL, a reenviar %d (%s) para mim próprio"
-#: trap.c:592
+#: trap.c:509
#, c-format
msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
msgstr "trap_handler: sinal errado %d"
-#: unwind_prot.c:246 unwind_prot.c:292
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "frame not found"
-msgstr "%s: ficheiro não encontrado"
-
-#: variables.c:441
+#: variables.c:424
#, c-format
msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
msgstr "erro ao importar definição de função para \"%s\""
-#: variables.c:864
+#: variables.c:838
#, c-format
msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
msgstr "nível da consola (%d) muito alto, a repor para 1"
-#: variables.c:2191 variables.c:2220 variables.c:2278 variables.c:2297
-#: variables.c:2315 variables.c:2350 variables.c:2378 variables.c:2405
-#: variables.c:2431 variables.c:3274 variables.c:3282 variables.c:3797
-#: variables.c:3841
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: maximum nameref depth (%d) exceeded"
-msgstr "total here-document máximo excedido"
-
-#: variables.c:2641
+#: variables.c:2642
msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
msgstr "make_local_variável: sem contexto de função no âmbito actual"
-#: variables.c:2660
+#: variables.c:2661
#, c-format
msgid "%s: variable may not be assigned value"
msgstr "%s: não pode atribuir um valor à variável"
-#: variables.c:2831 variables.c:2884
+#: variables.c:2818 variables.c:2874
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot inherit value from incompatible type"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: impossível herdar valor de tipo incompatível"
-#: variables.c:3437
+#: variables.c:3459
#, c-format
msgid "%s: assigning integer to name reference"
msgstr "%s: a atribuir inteiro à referência de nome"
-#: variables.c:4387
+#: variables.c:4390
msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
msgstr "all_local_variables: sem contexto de função no âmbito actual"
-#: variables.c:4791
+#: variables.c:4757
#, c-format
msgid "%s has null exportstr"
msgstr "%s tem exportstr nulo"
-#: variables.c:4796 variables.c:4805
+#: variables.c:4762 variables.c:4771
#, c-format
msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
msgstr "carácter %d inválido em exportstr para %s"
-#: variables.c:4811
+#: variables.c:4777
#, c-format
msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
msgstr "sem \"=\" em exportstr para %s"
-#: variables.c:5329
+#: variables.c:5317
msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
msgstr "pop_var_context: cabeça de consola_variables não é contexto de função"
-#: variables.c:5342
+#: variables.c:5330
msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
msgstr "pop_var_context: sem contexto de global_variables"
-#: variables.c:5432
+#: variables.c:5410
msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
-msgstr ""
-"pop_scope: cabeça de consola_variables não é âmbito de ambiente temporário"
+msgstr "pop_scope: cabeça de consola_variables não é âmbito de ambiente temporário"
-#: variables.c:6423
+#: variables.c:6400
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
msgstr "%s: %s: impossível abrir como FICHEIRO"
-#: variables.c:6428
+#: variables.c:6405
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
msgstr "%s: %s: valor inválido para descritor de ficheiro trace"
-#: variables.c:6472
+#: variables.c:6450
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: compatibility value out of range"
msgstr "%s: %s: valor de compatibilidade fora do intervalo"
-#: version.c:50
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+#: version.c:46 version2.c:46
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-#: version.c:51
-msgid ""
-"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Licença GPLv3+: GNU GPL versão 3 ou posterior <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
+#: version.c:47 version2.c:47
+msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr "Licença GPLv3+: GNU GPL versão 3 ou posterior <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
-#: version.c:90
+#: version.c:86 version2.c:86
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"
msgstr "GNU bash, versão %s (%s)\n"
-#: version.c:95
+#: version.c:91 version2.c:91
msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it."
msgstr "Este é um programa gratuito; pode alterá-lo e distribuí-lo à vontade."
-#: version.c:96
+#: version.c:92 version2.c:92
msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law."
msgstr "Não há QUALQUER GARANTIA, até aos limites previstos pela Lei."
-#: xmalloc.c:84
+#: xmalloc.c:93
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
msgstr "%s: impossível alocar %lu bytes (%lu bytes alocados)"
-#: xmalloc.c:86
+#: xmalloc.c:95
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
msgstr "%s: impossível alocar %lu bytes"
-#: xmalloc.c:164
+#: xmalloc.c:165
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
msgstr "%s: %s:%d: impossível alocar %lu bytes (%lu bytes alocados)"
-#: xmalloc.c:166
+#: xmalloc.c:167
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
msgstr "%s: %s:%d: impossível alocar %lu bytes"
msgstr "unalias [-a] nome [nome ...]"
#: builtins.c:53
-msgid ""
-"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-"
-"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
-msgstr ""
-"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m mapa de teclado] [-f ficheiro] [-q nome] [-u nome] [-r "
-"seqtecl] [-x seqtecl:comando-consola] [seqtecl:função-readline ou comando-"
-"readline]"
+msgid "bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
+msgstr "bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m mapa de teclado] [-f ficheiro] [-q nome] [-u nome] [-r seqtecl] [-x seqtecl:comando-consola] [seqtecl:função-readline ou comando-readline]"
#: builtins.c:56
msgid "break [n]"
msgstr "caller [expr]"
#: builtins.c:66
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [dir]"
+msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]"
msgstr "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [pst]"
#: builtins.c:68
msgstr "comando [-pVv] comando [arg ...]"
#: builtins.c:78
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] or declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[name ...]"
-msgstr "declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] [nome[=valor] ...]"
+msgid "declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] or declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
+msgstr "declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [name[=value] ...] ou declare -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
#: builtins.c:80
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... or typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] "
-"[name ...]"
-msgstr "typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] nome[=valor] ..."
+msgid "typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... or typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
+msgstr "typeset [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] name[=value] ... ou typeset -p [-aAfFilnrtux] [name ...]"
#: builtins.c:82
msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..."
msgstr "help [-dms] [padrão ...]"
#: builtins.c:123
-msgid ""
-"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg "
-"[arg...]"
-msgstr ""
-"history [-c] [-d desvio] [n], history -anrw [ficheiro] ou history -ps arg "
-"[arg...]"
+msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
+msgstr "history [-c] [-d desvio] [n], history -anrw [ficheiro] ou history -ps arg [arg...]"
#: builtins.c:127
msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"
msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [tarefaspec ... | pid ...]"
#: builtins.c:134
-msgid ""
-"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l "
-"[sigspec]"
-msgstr ""
-"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | tarefaspec ... ou kill -l "
-"[sigspec]"
+msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
+msgstr "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | tarefaspec ... ou kill -l [sigspec]"
#: builtins.c:136
msgid "let arg [arg ...]"
msgstr "let arg [arg ...]"
#: builtins.c:138
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"read [-Eers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p "
-"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"read [-ers] [-a matriz] [-d delim] [-i texto] [-n ncars] [-N ncars] [-p "
-"prompt] [-t inacção] [-u fd] [nome ...]"
+msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
+msgstr "read [-ers] [-a matriz] [-d delim] [-i texto] [-n ncars] [-N ncars] [-p prompt] [-t inacção] [-u fd] [nome ...]"
#: builtins.c:140
msgid "return [n]"
msgstr "return [n]"
#: builtins.c:142
-#, fuzzy
msgid "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option-name] [--] [-] [arg ...]"
-msgstr "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o nome-opção] [--] [arg ...]"
+msgstr "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o nome-opção] [--] [-] [arg ...]"
#: builtins.c:144
msgid "unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]"
msgstr "shift [n]"
#: builtins.c:152
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "source [-p path] filename [arguments]"
+msgid "source filename [arguments]"
msgstr "source ficheiro [argumentos]"
#: builtins.c:154
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ". [-p path] filename [arguments]"
+msgid ". filename [arguments]"
msgstr ". ficheiro [argumentos]"
#: builtins.c:157
msgstr "[ arg... ]"
#: builtins.c:166
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "trap [-Plp] [[action] signal_spec ...]"
+msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
msgstr "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
#: builtins.c:168
msgstr "type [-afptP] nome [nome ...]"
#: builtins.c:171
-#, fuzzy
msgid "ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT] [limit]"
-msgstr "ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [limite]"
+msgstr "ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT] [limite]"
#: builtins.c:174
msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]"
msgstr "wait [pid ...]"
#: builtins.c:184
-msgid "! PIPELINE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:186
msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "for NOME [in PALAVRAS ... ] ; do COMANDOS; done"
-#: builtins.c:188
+#: builtins.c:186
msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMANDOS; done"
-#: builtins.c:190
+#: builtins.c:188
msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "select NOME [in PALAVRAS ... ;] do COMANDOS; done"
-#: builtins.c:192
+#: builtins.c:190
msgid "time [-p] pipeline"
msgstr "time [-p] pipeline"
-#: builtins.c:194
+#: builtins.c:192
msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"
msgstr "case PALAVRA in [PADRÃO [| PADRÃO]...) COMANDOS ;;]... esac"
-#: builtins.c:196
-msgid ""
-"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else "
-"COMMANDS; ] fi"
-msgstr ""
-"if COMANDOS; then COMANDOS; [ elif COMANDOS; then COMANDOS; ]... [ else "
-"COMANDOS; ] fi"
+#: builtins.c:194
+msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
+msgstr "if COMANDOS; then COMANDOS; [ elif COMANDOS; then COMANDOS; ]... [ else COMANDOS; ] fi"
-#: builtins.c:198
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:196
msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
-msgstr "while COMANDOS; do COMANDOS; done"
+msgstr "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
-#: builtins.c:200
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:198
msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
-msgstr "until COMANDOS; do COMANDOS; done"
+msgstr "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS-2; done"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr "coproc [NOME] comando [redireccionamentos]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "nome de função { COMANDOS ; } ou nome () { COMANDOS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ COMANDOS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "job_spec [&]"
-#: builtins.c:210
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( expressão ))"
-#: builtins.c:212
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ expressão ]]"
-#: builtins.c:214
+#: builtins.c:212
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variáveis - nomes e significados de algumas variáveis da consola"
-#: builtins.c:217
+#: builtins.c:215
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | pasta]"
-#: builtins.c:221
+#: builtins.c:219
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:225
+#: builtins.c:223
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:228
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [nomeopção ...]"
-#: builtins.c:230
+#: builtins.c:228
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] formato [argumentos]"
-#: builtins.c:233
-msgid ""
-"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-"
-"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S "
-"suffix] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o opção] [-A acção] [-G "
-"padrãoglobal] [-W listapalavras] [-F função] [-C comando] [-X padrãofiltro] "
-"[-P prefixo] [-S sufixo] [nome ...]"
+#: builtins.c:231
+msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
+msgstr "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o opção] [-A acção] [-G padrãoglobal] [-W listapalavras] [-F função] [-C comando] [-X padrãofiltro] [-P prefixo] [-S sufixo] [nome ...]"
-#: builtins.c:237
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"compgen [-V varname] [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-"
-"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S "
-"suffix] [word]"
-msgstr ""
-"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o opção] [-A acção] [-G padrãoglobal] [-W "
-"listapalavras] [-F função] [-C comando] [-X padrãofiltro] [-P prefixo] [-S "
-"sufixo] [palavra]"
+#: builtins.c:235
+msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
+msgstr "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o opção] [-A acção] [-G padrãoglobal] [-W listapalavras] [-F função] [-C comando] [-X padrãofiltro] [-P prefixo] [-S sufixo] [palavra]"
-#: builtins.c:241
+#: builtins.c:239
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o opção] [-DEI] [nome ...]"
-#: builtins.c:244
-msgid ""
-"mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
-"mapfile [-d delim] [-n total] [-O origem] [-s total] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantia] [matriz]"
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid "mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "mapfile [-d delim] [-n total] [-O origem] [-s total] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantia] [matriz]"
-#: builtins.c:246
-msgid ""
-"readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
-"readarray [-d delim] [-n total] [-O origem] [-s total] [-t] [-u fd] [-C "
-"callback] [-c quantum] [matriz]"
+#: builtins.c:244
+msgid "readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "readarray [-d delim] [-n total] [-O origem] [-s total] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [matriz]"
-#: builtins.c:258
+#: builtins.c:256
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" -p\tprint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has "
-"been\n"
+" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
"Definir ou mostrar aliás.\n"
" -p\timprimir todos os aliás definidos em formato reutilizável\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" alias devolve verdadeiro a não ser que seja fornecido um NOME para o "
-"qual\n"
+" alias devolve verdadeiro a não ser que seja fornecido um NOME para o qual\n"
"ainda não haja um aliás."
-#: builtins.c:280
+#: builtins.c:278
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME seja um aliás inexistente."
-#: builtins.c:293
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:291
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n"
" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n"
-" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-"
-"move,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n"
" -l List names of functions.\n"
" -P List function names and bindings.\n"
" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n"
" reused as input.\n"
-" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
-" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
+" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" -V List variable names and values\n"
" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
" be reused as input.\n"
" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n"
-" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named "
-"function.\n"
+" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n"
" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n"
" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n"
" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n"
" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n"
-" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated "
-"commands\n"
+" -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands\n"
" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
-" If arguments remain after option processing, the -p and -P options "
-"treat\n"
-" them as readline command names and restrict output to those names.\n"
-" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Definir associações de teclas e variáveis para Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Associar uma sequência de teclas a uma função ou macro Readline, ou\n"
-" defina uma variável Readline. A sintaxe de argumento não-opção é "
-"equivalente\n"
-" à encontrada em ~/.inputrc, mas tem de ser passada como argumento "
-"único:\n"
+" defina uma variável Readline. A sintaxe de argumento não-opção é equivalente\n"
+" à encontrada em ~/.inputrc, mas tem de ser passada como argumento único:\n"
" e.g., bind \"\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file\".\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -m maptecl Use MAPTECL como mapa de teclado para a "
-"duração deste\n"
-" comando. Nomes de mapas aceitáveis são "
-"emacs,\n"
-" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, "
-"vi-move,\n"
+" -m maptecl Use MAPTECL como mapa de teclado para a duração deste\n"
+" comando. Nomes de mapas aceitáveis são emacs,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
" vi-command, e vi-insert.\n"
" -l Listar nomes de funções.\n"
" -P Listar nomes de funções e associações.\n"
-" -p Listar funções funçãos e associações de "
-"forma a que possam\n"
+" -p Listar funções funçãos e associações de forma a que possam\n"
" ser reutilizados como entrada.\n"
-" -S Listar sequências de teclas que chamem "
-"macros e seus valores\n"
-" -s Listar sequências de teclas que chamem "
-"macros e seus valores\n"
-" de forma a que possam ser reutilizados como "
-"entrada.\n"
+" -S Listar sequências de teclas que chamem macros e seus valores\n"
+" -s Listar sequências de teclas que chamem macros e seus valores\n"
+" de forma a que possam ser reutilizados como entrada.\n"
" -V Listar nomes de variáveis e seus valores\n"
-" -v Listar nomes de variáveis e seus valores de "
-"forma a que possam\n"
+" -v Listar nomes de variáveis e seus valores de forma a que possam\n"
" ser reutilizados como entrada.\n"
-" -q nome-função Consultar que teclas chamaram a função em "
-"causa.\n"
-" -u nome-função Unbind all keys which are bound to the named "
-"função.\n"
+" -q nome-função Consultar que teclas chamaram a função em causa.\n"
+" -u nome-função Unbind all keys which are bound to the named função.\n"
" -r seqtecl Remover associação de SEQTECL.\n"
-" -f nomefich Ler associações de teclas a partir de "
-"NOMEFICH.\n"
-" -x seqtecl:comando-consola\tCausa a execuçaõ de COMANDO-SHELL "
-"quando\n"
+" -f nomefich Ler associações de teclas a partir de NOMEFICH.\n"
+" -x seqtecl:comando-consola\tCausa a execuçaõ de COMANDO-SHELL quando\n"
" \t\t\t\tSEQTECL for inserido.\n"
-" -X Listarsequências de teclas associadas a -x e "
-"comandos ligados\n"
-" de forma a que possam ser reutilizados como "
-"entrada.\n"
+" -X Listarsequências de teclas associadas a -x e comandos ligados\n"
+" de forma a que possam ser reutilizados como entrada.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" bind devolve 0 a não ser que seja dada uma opção desconhecida ou ocorra "
-"um erro."
+" bind devolve 0 a não ser que seja dada uma opção desconhecida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:335
+#: builtins.c:330
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Sair de ciclos for, while, ou until.\n"
" \n"
-" Sai de um ciclo FOR, WHILE ou UNTIL. Se N for especificado, quebrar N "
-"ciclos\n"
+" Sai de um ciclo FOR, WHILE ou UNTIL. Se N for especificado, quebrar N ciclos\n"
" envolventes.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" O estado de saída é 0 a não ser que N não seja maior ou igual que 1."
-#: builtins.c:347
+#: builtins.c:342
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" O estado de saída é 0 a não ser que N não seja maior ou igual que 1."
-#: builtins.c:359
+#: builtins.c:354
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n"
" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n"
-" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the "
-"function.\n"
+" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
msgstr ""
"Executa comandos internos da consola.\n"
" \n"
-" Executa SHELL-INTERNO com argumentos ARGs sem realizar procura do "
-"comando.\n"
+" Executa SHELL-INTERNO com argumentos ARGs sem realizar procura do comando.\n"
" Útil quando deseja re-implementar um comando interno da consola como\n"
-" função da consola, mas tem de executar o comando interno dentro da "
-"função.\n"
+" função da consola, mas tem de executar o comando interno dentro da função.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve o estado de saída de SHELL-INTERNO ou falso se SHELL-INTERNO "
-"não\n"
+" Devolve o estado de saída de SHELL-INTERNO ou falso se SHELL-INTERNO não\n"
" for um comando interno da consola."
-#: builtins.c:374
+#: builtins.c:369
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" actual; a chamada superior é a chamada 0.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve 0 a não ser que a consola não esteja a executar uma função ou "
-"EXPR\n"
+" Devolve 0 a não ser que a consola não esteja a executar uma função ou EXPR\n"
" seja inválida."
-#: builtins.c:392
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:387
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
-" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of "
-"the\n"
-" HOME shell variable. If DIR is \"-\", it is converted to $OLDPWD.\n"
+" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n"
+" HOME shell variable.\n"
" \n"
-" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory "
-"containing\n"
-" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon "
-"(:).\n"
-" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR "
-"begins\n"
+" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n"
+" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n"
+" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n"
" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n"
" \n"
-" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is "
-"set,\n"
-" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a "
-"value,\n"
+" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n"
+" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n"
" its value is used for DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t\tattributes as a directory containing the file attributes\n"
" \n"
" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n"
-" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname "
-"component\n"
+" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component\n"
" back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully "
-"when\n"
+" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when\n"
" -P is used; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
"Alterar a pasta de trabalho da consola.\n"
" \n"
-" Altera a pasta actual para PASTA. A PASTA predefinida é o valor da "
-"variável\n"
+" Altera a pasta actual para PASTA. A PASTA predefinida é o valor da variável\n"
" HOME.\n"
" \n"
" A variável CDPATH define o caminho de procura para a pasta que contém\n"
-" PASTA. Nomes de pasta alternativos em CDPATH são separados por \":\" "
-"(:).\n"
-" Um nome de pasta nulo é equivalente à pasta actual. Se PASTA começar "
-"com\n"
+" PASTA. Nomes de pasta alternativos em CDPATH são separados por \":\" (:).\n"
+" Um nome de pasta nulo é equivalente à pasta actual. Se PASTA começar com\n"
" uma barra (/), CDPATH não é usada.\n"
" \n"
-" Se a pasta não for encontrada e a opção de consola \"cdable_vars\" "
-"estiver definida,\n"
-" a palavra é assumida como nome de variável. Se essa variável tiver um "
-"valor,\n"
+" Se a pasta não for encontrada e a opção de consola \"cdable_vars\" estiver definida,\n"
+" a palavra é assumida como nome de variável. Se essa variável tiver um valor,\n"
" será usado como PASTA.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -e\tse a opção -P for usada e a pasta de trabalho actual não puder\n"
" \t\tser determinada com sucesso, sair com\n"
" \t\testado não-zero\n"
-" -@\tem sistemas que o suportam, apresentar um ficheiro com "
-"atributos\n"
+" -@\tem sistemas que o suportam, apresentar um ficheiro com atributos\n"
" \t\testendidos como uma pasta contendo os atributos do ficheiro.\n"
" \n"
-" A predefinição é seguir ligações simbólicas, como se \"-L\" fosse "
-"especificada.\n"
-" \"..\" é processado colocando o componente de caminho imediatamente "
-"anterior\n"
+" A predefinição é seguir ligações simbólicas, como se \"-L\" fosse especificada.\n"
+" \"..\" é processado colocando o componente de caminho imediatamente anterior\n"
" como barra ou o começo de PASTA.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve 0 se a pasta for alterada e se $PWD for definida com sucesso "
-"quando\n"
+" Devolve 0 se a pasta for alterada e se $PWD for definida com sucesso quando\n"
" -P é usada; caso contrário, não-zero."
-#: builtins.c:430
+#: builtins.c:425
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" \t\ttrabalho\n"
" -P\timprimir a pasta física, sem quaisquer ligações simbólicas\n"
" \n"
-" Por predefinição, \"pwd\" comporta-se como se \"-L\" fosse "
-"especificada.\n"
+" Por predefinição, \"pwd\" comporta-se como se \"-L\" fosse especificada.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve 0 a não ser que seja indicada uma opçãoinválida ou a pasta "
-"actual\n"
+" Devolve 0 a não ser que seja indicada uma opçãoinválida ou a pasta actual\n"
" não possa ser lida."
-#: builtins.c:447
+#: builtins.c:442
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Sempre com sucesso."
-#: builtins.c:458
+#: builtins.c:453
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Sempre com sucesso."
-#: builtins.c:467
+#: builtins.c:462
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Falha sempre."
-#: builtins.c:476
+#: builtins.c:471
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n"
-" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke "
-"commands\n"
+" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n"
" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
msgstr ""
"Executar um comando simples ou mostrar informação sobre comandos.\n"
" \n"
-" Executa COMANDO com ARGS suprimindo procura de funções da consola ou "
-"mostra\n"
-" informação acerca dos COMANDOs especificados. Pode ser usado para "
-"chamar comandos\n"
+" Executa COMANDO com ARGS suprimindo procura de funções da consola ou mostra\n"
+" informação acerca dos COMANDOs especificados. Pode ser usado para chamar comandos\n"
" em disco quando existe uma função com o mesmo nome.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -p usar valor predefinido para CAMINHO que garanta que se "
-"encontram\n"
+" -p usar valor predefinido para CAMINHO que garanta que se encontram\n"
" todos os utilitários padrão\n"
-" -v imprimir uma descrição de COMANDO similar ao interno "
-"\"type\"\n"
+" -v imprimir uma descrição de COMANDO similar ao interno \"type\"\n"
" -V imprimir uma descrição mais detalhada de COMANDO\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve o estado de saída de COMANDO ou falha se COMANDO não for "
-"encontrado."
+" Devolve o estado de saída de COMANDO ou falha se COMANDO não for encontrado."
-#: builtins.c:495
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:490
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" -u\tto convert the value of each NAME to upper case on assignment\n"
" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n"
" \n"
-" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute, except for a,\n"
-" A, and r.\n"
+" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.\n"
" \n"
" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n"
" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n"
" \n"
-" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the "
-"`local'\n"
+" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n"
" command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" -f\trestringe acção ou exibição a nomes e definições de função\n"
" -F\trestringe exibição só a nomes de função (mais nº de linha e\n"
" \t\tficheiro fonte ao depurar)\n"
-" -g\tcria variáveis globais quando usado numa função da consola; "
-"senão\n"
+" -g\tcria variáveis globais quando usado numa função da consola; senão\n"
" \t\té ignorada\n"
" -I\tse está a criar uma variável local, herdar atributos e valor\n"
" \t\tduma variável com o mesmo nome num âmbito anterior\n"
" Variáveis com o atributo integer têm avaliação aritmética (veja o\n"
" comando \"let\") realizada quando lhe é atribuído um valor.\n"
" \n"
-" Quando usado numa função, \"declare\" torna NOMEs locais, como o "
-"comando\n"
+" Quando usado numa função, \"declare\" torna NOMEs locais, como o comando\n"
" \"local\". A opção \"-g\" suprime este comportamento.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que seja indicada uma opção inválida ou "
-"ocorra um\n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que seja indicada uma opção inválida ou ocorra um\n"
" erro de atribuição da variável."
-#: builtins.c:538
+#: builtins.c:532
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Um sinónimo para \"declare\". Veja \"help declare\"."
-#: builtins.c:546
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:540
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n"
" be any option accepted by `declare'.\n"
" \n"
-" If any NAME is \"-\", local saves the set of shell options and restores\n"
-" them when the function returns.\n"
-" \n"
" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n"
" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n"
" \n"
" Cria uma variável local chamada NOME e dá-lhe VALOR. OPÇÃO pode\n"
" ser qualquer opção aceite por \"declare\".\n"
" \n"
-" Variáveis locais só podem ser usadas dentro de uma função; só são "
-"visíveis\n"
+" Variáveis locais só podem ser usadas dentro de uma função; só são visíveis\n"
" para a função onde foram definidas e para os seus filhos.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que uma opção inválida seja fornecida, "
-"ocorra \n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que uma opção inválida seja fornecida, ocorra \n"
" um erro de atribuição ou a consola não esteja a executar uma função."
-#: builtins.c:566
+#: builtins.c:557
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
-" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by "
-"a\n"
+" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a\n"
" newline, on the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t\t0 to 3 octal digits\n"
" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n"
" \t\tcan be one or two hex digits\n"
-" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
-"HHHH.\n"
+" \\uHHHH\tthe Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH.\n"
" \t\tHHHH can be one to four hex digits.\n"
-" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal "
-"value\n"
+" \\UHHHHHHHH the Unicode character whose value is the hexadecimal value\n"
" \t\tHHHHHHHH. HHHHHHHH can be one to eight hex digits.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Opções:\n"
" -n\tnaõ acrescentar nova linha\n"
" -e\tpermitir interpretação dos escapes seguintes com barra esquerda\n"
-" -E\tsuprimir explicitamente interpretação de escapes com barra "
-"esquerda\n"
+" -E\tsuprimir explicitamente interpretação de escapes com barra esquerda\n"
" \n"
-" \"echo\" interpreta os seguintes caracteres de escapes com barra "
-"esquerda:\n"
+" \"echo\" interpreta os seguintes caracteres de escapes com barra esquerda:\n"
" \\a\talerta (bell)\n"
" \\b\tbackspace\n"
" \\c\tsuprimir mais saídas\n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que ocorra um erro de escrita."
-#: builtins.c:606
+#: builtins.c:597
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que ocorra um erro de escrita."
-#: builtins.c:621
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:612
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n"
" \n"
-" On systems with dynamic loading, the shell variable BASH_LOADABLES_PATH\n"
-" defines a search path for the directory containing FILENAMEs that do\n"
-" not contain a slash. It may include \".\" to force a search of the "
-"current\n"
-" directory.\n"
-" \n"
" To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n"
" version, type `enable -n test'.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -a\timprimir lista de internos mostrando se estão ou não activos\n"
-" -n\tdesactivar cada NOME ou mostrar uma lista de internos "
-"desactivados\n"
+" -n\tdesactivar cada NOME ou mostrar uma lista de internos desactivados\n"
" -p\timprimir a lista de internos em formato reutilizável\n"
" -s\timprimir só os nomes de internos \"especiais\" Posix\n"
" \n"
" insira \"enable -n test\".\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME não seja um interno da consola ou "
-"ocorra um erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME não seja um interno da consola ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:654
+#: builtins.c:640
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
-" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the "
-"shell,\n"
+" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n"
" and execute the resulting commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Executa argumentos como comando da consola.\n"
" \n"
-" Combina ARGs numa única cadeia, usa o resultado como entrada da "
-"consola,\n"
+" Combina ARGs numa única cadeia, usa o resultado como entrada da consola,\n"
" e executa os comandos resultantes.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve estado de saída do comando ou sucesso se o comando for nulo."
-#: builtins.c:666
+#: builtins.c:652
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Analisa argumentos da opção.\n"
" \n"
-" Getopts é usado pelos procedimentos da consola para analisar parâmetros "
-"posicionais\n"
+" Getopts é usado pelos procedimentos da consola para analisar parâmetros posicionais\n"
" como opções.\n"
" \n"
" CADEIAOPÇÕES contém as letras de opção a reconhecer; se uma letra\n"
" Se não houver um argumento requerido, o getopts põe um \":\" no NOME e\n"
" define OPTARG como o carácter de opção encontrado. Se o getopts não\n"
" estiver em modo silêncio e for vista uma opção inválida, o getopts\n"
-" põe \"?\" no NOME e limpa OPTARG. Se não houver um argumento "
-"requerido,\n"
+" põe \"?\" no NOME e limpa OPTARG. Se não houver um argumento requerido,\n"
" é posto \"?\" no NOME, OPTARG é limpo e é imprimida uma mensagem de\n"
" diagnóstico.\n"
" \n"
" CADEIAOPÇÕES não seja \":\". OPTERR tem o valor 1 predefinido.\n"
" \n"
" O getopts normalmente analisa os parâmetros posicionais, mas se\n"
-" os argumentosforem dados como valores ARG, são eles que são "
-"analisados.\n"
+" os argumentosforem dados como valores ARG, são eles que são analisados.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso se encontrar uma opção; falha se o fim da opção for\n"
" encontrado ou se ocorrer um erro."
-#: builtins.c:708
+#: builtins.c:694
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n"
-" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not "
-"specified,\n"
+" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n"
" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -c\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n"
" -l\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
" \n"
-" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, "
-"unless\n"
+" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n"
" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Substitui a consola com o comando indicado.\n"
" \n"
-" Executar COMANDO, substituindo esta consola pelo programa "
-"especificado.\n"
-" ARGUMENTOS tornam-se os argumentos de COMANDO. Se COMANDO não for "
-"especificado,\n"
+" Executar COMANDO, substituindo esta consola pelo programa especificado.\n"
+" ARGUMENTOS tornam-se os argumentos de COMANDO. Se COMANDO não for especificado,\n"
" quaisquer redireccionamentos têm efeito na consola actual.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -c\texecuta COMANDO com um ambiente vazio\n"
" -l\tpõe uma barra no argumento 0 de COMANDO\n"
" \n"
-" Se o comando não puder ser executado, uma consola não interactiva sai, "
-"a não ser que\n"
+" Se o comando não puder ser executado, uma consola não interactiva sai, a não ser que\n"
" a opção de consola \"execfail\" esteja definida.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que COMANDO não seja encontrado ou ocorra um "
-"erro de redireccionamento."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que COMANDO não seja encontrado ou ocorra um erro de redireccionamento."
-#: builtins.c:729
+#: builtins.c:715
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Sai da consola com estado N. Se N for omitido, o estado de saída\n"
" é o do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:738
+#: builtins.c:724
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
-" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not "
-"executed\n"
+" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
"Sai de uma consola com sessão.\n"
" \n"
-" Sai de uma consola com sessão com estado de saída N. Devolve um erro "
-"se não for\n"
+" Sai de uma consola com sessão com estado de saída N. Devolve um erro se não for\n"
" executado numa consola com sessão."
-#: builtins.c:748
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:734
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
-" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history "
-"list.\n"
+" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n"
" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n"
" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n"
" string.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then "
-"EDITOR,\n"
+" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n"
" \t\tthen vi\n"
" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n"
" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n"
" runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes\n"
" the last command.\n"
" \n"
-" The history builtin also operates on the history list.\n"
-" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Mostra ou executa comandos da lista do histórico.\n"
" \n"
-" fc é usado para listar ou editar e re-executar comandos da lsiat do "
-"histórico.\n"
-" PRIMEIRO e ÚLTIMO podem ser números especificando o intervalo, ou "
-"PRIMEIRO pode ser\n"
+" fc é usado para listar ou editar e re-executar comandos da lsiat do histórico.\n"
+" PRIMEIRO e ÚLTIMO podem ser números especificando o intervalo, ou PRIMEIRO pode ser\n"
" cadeia, que significa o comando mais recente começado por essa\n"
" cadeia.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -e NOMEED\tseleciona o editor a usar. A predefinição é FCEDIT, "
-"depois EDITOR,\n"
+" -e NOMEED\tseleciona o editor a usar. A predefinição é FCEDIT, depois EDITOR,\n"
" \t\tdepois vi\n"
" -l \tlistar linhas em vez de editar\n"
" -n\tomitir nºs de linha ao ouvir\n"
" re-executado após a substituição VELHO=NOVO ser realizada.\n"
" \n"
" Um aliás útil a usar aqui é r=\"fc -s\", para que inserir \"r cc\"\n"
-" executa o último comando começado por \"cc\" e inserir \"r\" re-"
-"executa\n"
+" executa o último comando começado por \"cc\" e inserir \"r\" re-executa\n"
" o último comando.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso ou estado do comando executado; não-zero se ocorrer um "
-"erro."
+" Devolve sucesso ou estado do comando executado; não-zero se ocorrer um erro."
-#: builtins.c:780
+#: builtins.c:764
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Estado do comando colocado em 1º plano ou falha se ocorrer um erro."
-#: builtins.c:795
+#: builtins.c:779
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
-" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if "
-"they\n"
-" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's "
-"notion\n"
+" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n"
+" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n"
" of the current job is used.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Move a tarefa para 2º plano.\n"
" \n"
-" Coloca a tarefa identificada com cada JOB_SPEC em 2º plano, como se "
-"tivessem\n"
-" sido iniciados com \"&\". Se JOB_SPEC não existir, é usada a noção da "
-"consola de\n"
+" Coloca a tarefa identificada com cada JOB_SPEC em 2º plano, como se tivessem\n"
+" sido iniciados com \"&\". Se JOB_SPEC não existir, é usada a noção da consola de\n"
" tarefa actual.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que o controlo de tarefas esteja inactivo ou "
-"ocorra um erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que o controlo de tarefas esteja inactivo ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:809
+#: builtins.c:793
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n"
-" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is "
-"displayed.\n"
+" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -d\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n"
" \t\tde comandos lembrados.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME não seja encontrado ou indique uma "
-"opção inválida."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME não seja encontrado ou indique uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:834
+#: builtins.c:818
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" PATTERN\tPattern specifying a help topic\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
"Mostra informação sobre comandos internos.\n"
" \n"
" Mostra breves resumos de comandos internos. Se PADRÃO for\n"
-" especificado, dá ajuda detalhada em todos os comandos que cumpram "
-"PADRÃO,\n"
+" especificado, dá ajuda detalhada em todos os comandos que cumpram PADRÃO,\n"
" senão imprime a lista de tópicos de ajuda.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" PADRÃO\tPadrão que especifica um tópico de ajuda\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que PADRÃO não seja encontrado ou indique uma "
-"opção inválida."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que PADRÃO não seja encontrado ou indique uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:858
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:842
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n"
" \n"
" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n"
-" if HISTFILE has a value, that is used. If FILENAME is not supplied\n"
-" and HISTFILE is unset or null, the -a, -n, -r, and -w options have\n"
-" no effect and return success.\n"
-" \n"
-" The fc builtin also operates on the history list.\n"
+" if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n"
" \n"
" If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
-" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed "
-"otherwise.\n"
+" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
"Mostra ou manipula a lista do histórico.\n"
" \n"
" Mostra a lista do histórico com nºs de linha, prefixando cada entrada\n"
-" modificada com um \"*\". Um argumento de N lista só as últimas N "
-"entradas.\n"
+" modificada com um \"*\". Um argumento de N lista só as últimas N entradas.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -c\tlimpa a lista eliminado todas as entradas\n"
" -d desvio\telimina a entrada do histórico na posição DESVIO.\n"
" \t\tDesvios negativos contam-se do final da lista do histórico\n"
" \n"
-" -a\tacrescenta linhas de histórico desta sessão ao ficheiro de "
-"histórico\n"
-" -n\tlê todas as linhas de histórico ainda não lidas do ficheiro de "
-"histórico\n"
+" -a\tacrescenta linhas de histórico desta sessão ao ficheiro de histórico\n"
+" -n\tlê todas as linhas de histórico ainda não lidas do ficheiro de histórico\n"
" \t\te acrescenta-as à lista de histórico\n"
" -r\tlê o ficheiro de histórico e acrescenta o conteúdo à lista de\n"
" \t\thistórico\n"
" -s\tacrescenta ARGs à lista de histórico como entrada única\n"
" \n"
" Se NOMEFICH for dado, é usado como ficheiro de histórico. Senão,\n"
-" se FICHHIST tiver um valor, será usado, caso contrário ~/."
-"bash_history.\n"
+" se FICHHIST tiver um valor, será usado, caso contrário ~/.bash_history.\n"
" \n"
-" Se a variável HISTTIMEFORMAT estiver definida e não for nula, o valor é "
-"usado\n"
-" como cadeia de formato para strftime(3) para imprimir o carimbo "
-"associado\n"
-" a cada entrada de histórico mostrada. Senão, não são imprimidos "
-"quaisquer carimbos.\n"
+" Se a variável HISTTIMEFORMAT estiver definida e não for nula, o valor é usado\n"
+" como cadeia de formato para strftime(3) para imprimir o carimbo associado\n"
+" a cada entrada de histórico mostrada. Senão, não são imprimidos quaisquer carimbos.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:899
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" -r\trea cadeiae saída a tarefas em execução\n"
" -s\trea cadeiae saída a tarefas paradas\n"
" \n"
-" Se -x for usado, COMANDO é executado após todas as especificações de "
-"tarefas\n"
-" que aparecem em ARGS terem sido substituídas pela ID de processo do "
-"líder de\n"
+" Se -x for usado, COMANDO é executado após todas as especificações de tarefas\n"
+" que aparecem em ARGS terem sido substituídas pela ID de processo do líder de\n"
" grupo do processo dessat tarefa.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro.\n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro.\n"
" Se -x for usado, devolve o estado de saída de COMANDO."
-#: builtins.c:926
+#: builtins.c:906
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -a\tremove todas as tarefas se JOBSPEC não for indicado\n"
-" -h\tmarcar cada JOBSPEC para que SIGHUP não seja enviado para a "
-"tarefa\n"
+" -h\tmarcar cada JOBSPEC para que SIGHUP não seja enviado para a tarefa\n"
" \t\tse a consola receber um SIGHUP\n"
" -r\tremove só tarefas em execução\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que uma opção inválida ou JOBSPEC seja "
-"indicada."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que uma opção inválida ou JOBSPEC seja indicada."
-#: builtins.c:945
+#: builtins.c:925
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tassumidos como nºs de sinal para listar os nomes\n"
" -L\tsinónimo de -l\n"
" \n"
-" Mata um interno da consola por dois motivos: permite usar as IDs de "
-"tarefa\n"
+" Mata um interno da consola por dois motivos: permite usar as IDs de tarefa\n"
" em vez de IDs de processo e permite matar processos se o limite de\n"
" processos que pode criar for atingido.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:969
+#: builtins.c:949
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n"
" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n"
" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n"
-" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are "
-"listed\n"
+" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n"
" in order of decreasing precedence.\n"
" \n"
" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n"
"Avalia as expressões aritméticas.\n"
" \n"
" Avalia cada ARG como uma expressão aritmética. A avaliação é feita em\n"
-" inteiros de largura fixa sem verificação de transporte, embora a "
-"divisão\n"
-" por 0 seja sinalizada como erro. A seguinte lista de operadores é "
-"agrupada\n"
+" inteiros de largura fixa sem verificação de transporte, embora a divisão\n"
+" por 0 seja sinalizada como erro. A seguinte lista de operadores é agrupada\n"
" em níveis de igual prioridade. Os níveis estão listados\n"
" por ordem de precedência decrescente.\n"
" \n"
" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n"
" \t&=, ^=, |=\tatribuição\n"
" \n"
-" As variáveis de consola são permitidas como operandos. O nome da "
-"variável\n"
-" é substituído pelo seu valor (convertido em inteiro de largura fixa) "
-"dentro\n"
+" As variáveis de consola são permitidas como operandos. O nome da variável\n"
+" é substituído pelo seu valor (convertido em inteiro de largura fixa) dentro\n"
" de uma expressão. A variável não tem de ter o seu atributo inteiro\n"
" activado para ser usado numa expressão.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Se o último ARG for avaliado como 0, let devolve 1; senão let devolve 0."
-#: builtins.c:1014
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:994
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n"
-" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with "
-"word\n"
+" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n"
" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n"
" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n"
-" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as "
-"word\n"
-" delimiters. By default, the backslash character escapes delimiter "
-"characters\n"
+" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n"
+" delimiters. By default, the backslash character escapes delimiter characters\n"
" and newline.\n"
" \n"
-" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY "
-"variable.\n"
+" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n"
" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n"
" \t\tthan newline\n"
" -e\tuse Readline to obtain the line\n"
-" -E\tuse Readline to obtain the line and use the bash default\n"
-" \t\tcompletion instead of Readline's default completion\n"
" -i text\tuse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n"
" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n"
" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than\n"
" \t\tNCHARS characters are read before the delimiter\n"
-" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, "
-"unless\n"
+" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n"
" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any\n"
" \t\tdelimiter\n"
" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n"
" -u fd\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times "
-"out\n"
-" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error "
-"occurs,\n"
+" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out\n"
+" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
"Lê uma linha da entrada padrão e divide-a em campos.\n"
" \n"
" Lê uma linha da entrada padrão ou do descritor de ficheiro FD\n"
" se a opção -u for usada. A linha é dividida em campos como na divisão\n"
-" de palavras e a primeira palavra é atribuída ao primeiro NOME, a "
-"segunda\n"
-" ao segundo NOME, e assim por diante, com quaisquer palavras que "
-"sobrem \n"
-" atribuídas ao último NOME. Só caracteres encontrados em $IFS são "
-"reconhecidos\n"
-" como delimitadores de palavras.\n"
+" de palavras e a primeira palavra é atribuída ao primeiro NOME, a segunda\n"
+" ao segundo NOME, e assim por diante, com quaisquer palavras que sobrem \n"
+" atribuídas ao último NOME. Só caracteres encontrados em $IFS são reconhecidos\n"
+" como delimitadores de palavras. Por defeito, a barra esquerda \"\\\" escapa \n"
+" delimitadores e novas linhas.\n"
" \n"
" Se não indicar NOMEs, a linha é armazenada na variável RESPONDER.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -a matriz\tatribui as palavras lidas a índices sequenciais da "
-"MATRIZ\n"
+" -a matriz\tatribui as palavras lidas a índices sequenciais da MATRIZ\n"
" \t\tcomeçando em zero\n"
-" -d delim\tcontinua até que o primeiro carácter de DELIM seja lido, "
-"em vez de\n"
+" -d delim\tcontinua até que o primeiro carácter de DELIM seja lido, em vez de\n"
" \t\tnewline\n"
-" -e\tusa Readline para obter a linha numa consola interactiva\n"
+" -e\tusa Readline para obter a linha\n"
" -i texto\tusa TEXTO como texto inicial para Readline\n"
" -n ncars\tvolta após ler NCARS caracteres em vez de esperar\n"
" \t\tpor newline, mas respeita um delimitador se estiver\n"
" \t\tantes de NCARS caracteres\n"
-" -N ncars\tvolta após ler exactamente NCARS caracteres, a não ser "
-"que\n"
+" -N ncars\tvolta após ler exactamente NCARS caracteres, a não ser que\n"
" \t\tEOF seja encontrado ou a leitura esteja inactiva, ignorando\n"
" \t\tqualquer delimitador\n"
" -p prompt\timprime PROMPT na saída sem newline final antes de\n"
" -u fd\tlê do descritor de ficheiro FD em vez da entrada padrão\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" O código devolvido é zero, a não ser que end-of-file seja encontrado, "
-"haja\n"
-" inacção (caso em que é maior que 128), ocorra um erro de atribuição de "
-"variável,\n"
+" O código devolvido é zero, a não ser que end-of-file seja encontrado, haja\n"
+" inacção (caso em que é maior que 128), ocorra um erro de atribuição de variável,\n"
" ou seja indicado um descritor de ficheiro inválido como argumento de -u."
-#: builtins.c:1064
+#: builtins.c:1042
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" executado dentro da função ou script.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve N, ou falha se a consola não estiver a executar uma função ou "
-"script."
+" Devolve N, ou falha se a consola não estiver a executar uma função ou script."
-#: builtins.c:1077
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1055
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" physical same as -P\n"
" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n"
" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n"
-" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero "
-"status\n"
+" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n"
" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n"
" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n"
" match the standard\n"
" by default when the shell is interactive.\n"
" -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands\n"
" such as cd which change the current directory.\n"
-" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell "
-"functions.\n"
+" -T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell functions.\n"
" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
" If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n"
" are unset.\n"
" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n"
" \n"
-" If -o is supplied with no option-name, set prints the current shell\n"
-" option settings. If +o is supplied with no option-name, set prints a\n"
-" series of set commands to recreate the current option settings.\n"
-" \n"
" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n"
" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n"
" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n"
" Opções:\n"
" -a Marca variáveis modificadas ou criadas para exportação.\n"
" -b Notifica o fim da tarefa imediatamente.\n"
-" -e Sai imediatamente se um comando sair com estado diferente de "
-"zero.\n"
+" -e Sai imediatamente se um comando sair com estado diferente de zero.\n"
" -f Desactiva geração de nome de ficheiro (globbing).\n"
" -h Recordar localização de comandos à medida que são procurados.\n"
-" -k Todos os argumentos de atribuição são colocados no ambiente para "
-"um\n"
+" -k Todos os argumentos de atribuição são colocados no ambiente para um\n"
" comando, não só os que precedem o nome do comando.\n"
" -m Activa o controlo de tarefas.\n"
" -n Lê comandos, mas não os executa.\n"
" history activa histórico de comandos\n"
" ignoreeof a consola não sai após ler EOF\n"
" interactive-comments\n"
-" permite que comentários apareçam em "
-"comandos interactivos\n"
+" permite que comentários apareçam em comandos interactivos\n"
" keyword igual a -k\n"
" monitor igual a -m\n"
" noclobber igual a -C\n"
" nounset igual a -u\n"
" onecmd igual a -t\n"
" physical igual a -P\n"
-" pipefail o valor devolvido de um pipeline é o estado "
-"do\n"
-" último comando a sair com estado não-"
-"zero,\n"
-" ou zero se nenhum saiu com estado não-"
-"zero\n"
-" posix altera o comportamento do bash onde a "
-"operação\n"
-" predefinida diferir da norma Posix para "
-"cumprir\n"
+" pipefail o valor devolvido de um pipeline é o estado do\n"
+" último comando a sair com estado não-zero,\n"
+" ou zero se nenhum saiu com estado não-zero\n"
+" posix altera o comportamento do bash onde a operação\n"
+" predefinida diferir da norma Posix para cumprir\n"
" a norma\n"
" privileged igual a -p\n"
" verbose igual a -v\n"
" -p Activado sempre que as ID de utilizador reais e efectivas não\n"
" coincidam. Desactiva o processamento do ficheiro $ ENV e a \n"
" importação de funções da consola. Desligar esta opção faz com\n"
-" que os uid e gid efectivos sejam definidos para os uid e gid "
-"reais.\n"
+" que os uid e gid efectivos sejam definidos para os uid e gid reais.\n"
" -t Sair depois de ler e executar um comando.\n"
" -u Trata as variáveis não definidas como erro ao substituir.\n"
" -v Imprime as linhas de entrada da consola à medida que são lidas.\n"
" -x Imprime comandos e seus argumentos à medida que são executados.\n"
" -B a consola realizará expansão de suporte\n"
-" -C Se definido, não permitir que ficheiros normais existentes "
-"sejam\n"
+" -C Se definido, não permitir que ficheiros normais existentes sejam\n"
" sobrescritos pelo redireccionamento da saída.\n"
" -E se definido, ERR é herdada pelas funções de consola.\n"
" -H Activa estilo ! de substituição do histórico. Esta bandeira\n"
" está activada por predefinição, em consolas interativas.\n"
" -P Se definido, não resolve ligações simbólicas ao executar\n"
" comandos como \"cd\" que altera a pasta actual.\n"
-" -T Se definido, DEBUG e RETURN são herdadas por funções de "
-"consola.\n"
+" -T Se definido, DEBUG e RETURN são herdadas por funções de consola.\n"
" -- Atribui quaisquer outros argumentos aos parâmetros posicionais.\n"
" Se não houver mais argumentos, os parâmetros posicionais\n"
" são limpos.\n"
-" - Atribui quaisquer outros argumentos aos parâmetros "
-"posicionais.\n"
+" - Atribui quaisquer outros argumentos aos parâmetros posicionais.\n"
" As opções -x e -v são desactivadas.\n"
" \n"
" Usar + em vez de - faz com que as bandeiras sejam desactivadas. As\n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:1166
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" -n\ttreat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself\n"
" \t\trather than the variable it references\n"
" \n"
-" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that "
-"fails,\n"
+" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n"
" tries to unset a function.\n"
" \n"
" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n"
" Algumas variáveis não podem ser limpas; veja também \"readonly\".\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja "
-"só de leitura."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja só de leitura."
-#: builtins.c:1188
+#: builtins.c:1162
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n"
-" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before "
-"exporting.\n"
+" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
"Define o atributo de exportação em variáveis de consola.\n"
" \n"
" Marca cada NOME para exportação automática para o ambiente de futuros\n"
-" comandos executados. Se VALOR for fornecido, atribui VALOR antes de "
-"exportar.\n"
+" comandos executados. Se VALOR for fornecido, atribui VALOR antes de exportar.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -f\trefere funções de consola\n"
" Um argumento \"--\" desactiva futuro processamento da opção.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja "
-"inválido."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja inválido."
-#: builtins.c:1207
+#: builtins.c:1181
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" -a\trefere a variáveis de matriz indexadas\n"
" -A\trefere a variáveis de matriz associativas\n"
" -f\trefere a funções de consola\n"
-" -p\tmostra uma lista de todas as variáveis ou funções só de "
-"leitura,\n"
+" -p\tmostra uma lista de todas as variáveis ou funções só de leitura,\n"
" \t\tdependendo ou não se a opção -f é indicada\n"
" \n"
" Um argumento \"--\" desactiva futuro processamento da opção.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja "
-"inválido."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME seja inválido."
-#: builtins.c:1229
+#: builtins.c:1203
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que N seja negativo ou maior que $#."
-#: builtins.c:1241 builtins.c:1257
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1215 builtins.c:1230
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
-" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. If the\n"
-" -p option is supplied, the PATH argument is treated as a colon-\n"
-" separated list of directories to search for FILENAME. If -p is not\n"
-" supplied, $PATH is searched to find FILENAME. If any ARGUMENTS are\n"
-" supplied, they become the positional parameters when FILENAME is "
-"executed.\n"
+" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n"
+" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n"
+" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n"
+" when FILENAME is executed.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado em NOMEFICH; falha se\n"
" NOMEFICH não pode ser lido."
-#: builtins.c:1274
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1246
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n"
-" Unless forced, login shells and shells without job control cannot be\n"
-" suspended.\n"
+" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell or job\n"
-" \t\tcontrol is not enabled.\n"
+" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
" -f\tforçar a suspensão, mesmo que seja uma consola com sessão\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que o controlo de tarefa esteja inactivo ou "
-"ocorra um erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que o controlo de tarefa esteja inactivo ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1262
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n"
" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n"
" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n"
-" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last "
-"read.\n"
+" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n"
" \n"
" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n"
" modification date).\n"
" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
" True if the strings are not equal.\n"
" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
-" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 "
-"lexicographically.\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" \n"
"Avalia a expressão condicional.\n"
" \n"
" Sai com estado 0 (verdadeiro) ou 1 (falso) dependendo da\n"
-" avaliação de EXPR. As expressões podem ser unárias ou binárias. "
-"Expressões\n"
-" uinárias são frequentemente usadas para examinar o estado de um "
-"ficheiro. Há\n"
+" avaliação de EXPR. As expressões podem ser unárias ou binárias. Expressões\n"
+" uinárias são frequentemente usadas para examinar o estado de um ficheiro. Há\n"
" também operadores de cadeias e operadores de comparação numérica.\n"
" \n"
" O comportamento do teste depende do número de argumentos. Leia a\n"
" \n"
" -a FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro existir.\n"
" -b FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for bloqueio especial.\n"
-" -c FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for especial de "
-"caracteres.\n"
+" -c FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for especial de caracteres.\n"
" -d FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for uma pasta.\n"
" -e FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro existir.\n"
-" -f FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro existe e é um ficheiro "
-"normal.\n"
+" -f FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro existe e é um ficheiro normal.\n"
" -g FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for set-group-id.\n"
" -h FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for uma ligação simbólica.\n"
" -L FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for uma ligação simbólica.\n"
-" -k FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro tiver o bit \"sticky\" "
-"definido.\n"
+" -k FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro tiver o bit \"sticky\" definido.\n"
" -p FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for um pipe com nome.\n"
" -r FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for legível.\n"
" -s FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro existe e não está vazio.\n"
" -u FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for set-user-id.\n"
" -w FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for gravável por si.\n"
" -x FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for executável por si.\n"
-" -O FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for efectivamente sua "
-"propriedade.\n"
-" -G FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for efectivamente "
-"propriedade do seu grupo.\n"
-" -N FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro foi modificado desde a "
-"última vez que foi lido.\n"
+" -O FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for efectivamente sua propriedade.\n"
+" -G FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro for efectivamente propriedade do seu grupo.\n"
+" -N FICHEIRO Verdadeiro se o ficheiro foi modificado desde a última vez que foi lido.\n"
" \n"
-" FICHEIRO1 -nt FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se o ficheiro1 for mais novo "
-"que\n"
-" o ficheiro2 (de acordo com a data "
-"de modificação).\n"
+" FICHEIRO1 -nt FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se o ficheiro1 for mais novo que\n"
+" o ficheiro2 (de acordo com a data de modificação).\n"
" \n"
-" FICHEIRO1 -ot FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se ficheiro1 for mais antigo que "
-"o ficheiro2.\n"
+" FICHEIRO1 -ot FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se ficheiro1 for mais antigo que o ficheiro2.\n"
" \n"
-" FICHEIRO1 -ef FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se ficheiro1 for uma ligação "
-"rígida a file2.\n"
+" FICHEIRO1 -ef FICHEIRO2 Verdadeiro se ficheiro1 for uma ligação rígida a file2.\n"
" \n"
" Operadores de cadeias:\n"
" \n"
" CADEIA1 != CADEIA2\n"
" Verdadeiro se as cadeias não são iguais.\n"
" CADEIA1 < CADEIA2\n"
-" Verdadeiro se CADEIA1 ficar antes de CADEIA2 "
-"lexicamente.\n"
+" Verdadeiro se CADEIA1 ficar antes de CADEIA2 lexicamente.\n"
" CADEIA1 > CADEIA2\n"
-" Verdadeiro se CADEIA1 ficar após CADEIA2 "
-"lexicamente.\n"
+" Verdadeiro se CADEIA1 ficar após CADEIA2 lexicamente.\n"
" \n"
" Outros operadores:\n"
" \n"
-" -o OPÇÃO Verdadeiro se a opção de consola OPÇÃO está "
-"activada.\n"
-" -v VAR Verdadeiro se a variável de consola VAR estiver "
-"definida.\n"
-" -R VAR Verdadeiro se a variável de consola VAR estiver "
-"definida e for um nome\n"
+" -o OPÇÃO Verdadeiro se a opção de consola OPÇÃO está activada.\n"
+" -v VAR Verdadeiro se a variável de consola VAR estiver definida.\n"
+" -R VAR Verdadeiro se a variável de consola VAR estiver definida e for um nome\n"
" referência.\n"
" ! EXPR Verdadeiro se EXPR for falso.\n"
" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 Verdadeiro se EXPR1 e EXPR2 forem verdadeiros.\n"
" arg1 OP arg2 Testes aritméticos. OP é um de -eq, -ne,\n"
" -lt, -le, -gt, ou -ge.\n"
" \n"
-" Operadores binários aritméticos devolvem verdadeiro se ARG1 for igual, "
-"não\n"
+" Operadores binários aritméticos devolvem verdadeiro se ARG1 for igual, não\n"
" igual, menor que, menor ou igual que, maior que ou maior ou igual que\n"
" ARG2.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso se EXPR for avaliada como verdadeiro; falha se EXPR "
-"for\n"
+" Devolve sucesso se EXPR for avaliada como verdadeiro; falha se EXPR for\n"
" avaliado como falso ou for indicado um argumento inválido."
-#: builtins.c:1374
+#: builtins.c:1344
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Este é um sinónimo para o interno \"test\", mas o último argumento tem\n"
" de ser um \"]\" literal, para fechar o \"[\" aberto."
-#: builtins.c:1383
+#: builtins.c:1353
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
-" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of "
-"its\n"
+" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n"
" child processes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Mostrar tempos de processo.\n"
" \n"
-" Imprime os tempos acumulados de utilizador e sistema para a consola e "
-"todos\n"
+" Imprime os tempos acumulados de utilizador e sistema para a consola e todos\n"
" os seus processos-filho.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Sempre com sucesso."
-#: builtins.c:1395
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1365
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
-" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives "
-"signals\n"
+" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n"
" or other conditions.\n"
" \n"
-" ACTION is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
-" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ACTION is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
+" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
" is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original\n"
-" value. If ACTION is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
+" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n"
" \n"
-" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ACTION is executed on exit from the shell.\n"
-" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ACTION is executed before every simple "
-"command\n"
-" and selected other commands. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ACTION is\n"
-" executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source\n"
-" builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute "
-"ACTION\n"
-" each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e\n"
-" option is enabled.\n"
-" \n"
-" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands "
-"associated\n"
-" with each trapped signal in a form that may be reused as shell input to\n"
-" restore the same signal dispositions.\n"
+" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a\n"
+" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the\n"
+" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n"
+" with each signal.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n"
-" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC in a\n"
-" \t\tform that may be reused as shell input; or for all trapped\n"
-" \t\tsignals if no arguments are supplied\n"
-" -P\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC. At "
-"least\n"
-" \t\tone SIGNAL_SPEC must be supplied. -P and -p cannot be used\n"
-" \t\ttogether.\n"
-" \n"
-" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal "
-"number.\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" \n"
+" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.\n"
" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n"
" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
"Capturar sinais e outros eventos.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" ARG é um comando a ser lido e executado quando a consola recebe o(s)\n"
" sinal(is) SIGNAL_SPEC. Se ARG estiver ausente (e um único SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
-" for fornecido) ou \"-\", cada sinal especificado é reposto no seu "
-"valor\n"
+" for fornecido) ou \"-\", cada sinal especificado é reposto no seu valor\n"
" original. Se ARG for a cadeia nula, cada SIGNAL_SPEC será ignorado\n"
" pela consola e pelos comandos que chama.\n"
" \n"
" Se um SIGNAL_SPEC for EXIT (0) ARG é executado na saída da consola. Se\n"
" SIGNAL_SPEC é DEBUG, ARG é executado antes de cada comando simples. Se\n"
-" SIGNAL_SPEC é RETURN, ARG é executado cada vez que uma função de "
-"consola\n"
-" ou um script executado pelo . ou os internos terminam a execução. "
-"SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
-" de ERR significa executar ARG cada vez que uma falha do comando faça "
-"com\n"
+" SIGNAL_SPEC é RETURN, ARG é executado cada vez que uma função de consola\n"
+" ou um script executado pelo . ou os internos terminam a execução. SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" de ERR significa executar ARG cada vez que uma falha do comando faça com\n"
" que a consola sair quando a opção -e está activa.\n"
" \n"
" Se nenhum argumento for fornecido, trap imprime a lista de comandos \n"
" associados a cada sinal.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -l imprime uma lista de nomes de sinais e seus números "
-"correspondentes\n"
+" -l imprime uma lista de nomes de sinais e seus números correspondentes\n"
" -p mostra os comandos trap associados a cada SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
" \n"
-" Cada SIGNAL_SPEC é um nome de sinal em <signal.h> ou um número de "
-"sinal.\n"
-" Os nomes dos sinais são insensíveis a maiúsculas e o prefixo SIG é "
-"opcional.\n"
+" Cada SIGNAL_SPEC é um nome de sinal em <signal.h> ou um número de sinal.\n"
+" Os nomes dos sinais são insensíveis a maiúsculas e o prefixo SIG é opcional.\n"
" Um sinal pode ser enviado para a consola com \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que SIGSPEC seja inválido ou indique uma "
-"opção inválida."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que SIGSPEC seja inválido ou indique uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:1438
+#: builtins.c:1401
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
-"found."
+" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
msgstr ""
"Mostra informações sobre o tipo de comando.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tque seria executado\n"
" -p\tdevolve o nome do ficheiro em disco que seria executado,\n"
" \t\tou nada se \"type -t NOME\" não devolver \"file\"\n"
-" -t\tdevolve uma só palavra de entre \"alias\", \"keyword\", "
-"\"function\"\n"
-" \t\t\"builtin\", \"file\" ou \"\", se NOME for um aliás, palavra "
-"reservada\n"
+" -t\tdevolve uma só palavra de entre \"alias\", \"keyword\", \"function\"\n"
+" \t\t\"builtin\", \"file\" ou \"\", se NOME for um aliás, palavra reservada\n"
" \t\tda consola, função de consola, interno da consola, ficheiro em\n"
" \t\tdisco, ou não encontrados, respectivamente\n"
" \n"
" Nome do comando NOME a interpretar.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso se todos os NOMEs forem encontrados; falha se algum não "
-"for."
+" Devolve sucesso se todos os NOMEs forem encontrados; falha se algum não for."
-#: builtins.c:1469
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1432
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
-" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and "
-"processes\n"
+" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n"
" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n"
" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n"
" \n"
-" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds;\n"
-" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes; -R, which is in microseconds;\n"
-" -b, which is in bytes; and -e, -i, -k, -n, -q, -r, -u, -x, and -P,\n"
-" which accept unscaled values.\n"
-" \n"
-" When in posix mode, values supplied with -c and -f are in 512-byte\n"
-" increments.\n"
+" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n"
+" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n"
+" number of processes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Modifica os limites de recursos da consola.\n"
" \n"
-" Fornece controlo sobre os recursos disponíveis para consola e "
-"processos\n"
+" Fornece controlo sobre os recursos disponíveis para consola e processos\n"
" que cria, em sistemas que permitem esse controlo.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -c\to tamanho máximo dos ficheiros núcleo criados\n"
" -d\to tamanho máximo do segmento de dados de um processo\n"
" -e\ta prioridade máxima de agendamento (\"nice\")\n"
-" -f\to tamanho máximo dos ficheiros escritos pela consola e seus "
-"filhos\n"
+" -f\to tamanho máximo dos ficheiros escritos pela consola e seus filhos\n"
" -i\to número máximo de sinais pendentes\n"
" -k\to número máximo de kqueues alocados para este processo\n"
" -l\to tamanho máximo que um processo pode bloquear na memória\n"
" -v\to tamanho da memória virtual\n"
" -x\to número máximo de bloqueios de ficheiros\n"
" -P\to número máximo de pseudo-terminais\n"
-" -R\to tempo máximo que um processo em tempo real pode executar antes "
-"de bloquear\n"
+" -R\to tempo máximo que um processo em tempo real pode executar antes de bloquear\n"
" -T\to número máximo de threads\n"
" \n"
" Nem todas as opções estão disponíveis em todas as plataformas.\n"
" \n"
" Se LIMIT for indicada, é o novo valor do recurso especificado; Os\n"
" valores LIMIT especiais \"soft\", \"hard\" e \"unlimited\" representam\n"
-" o limite flexível actual, o limite rígido actual e nenhum limite, "
-"respectivamente.\n"
+" o limite flexível actual, o limite rígido actual e nenhum limite, respectivamente.\n"
" Caso contrário, é imprimido o valor actual do recurso especificado. Se\n"
" nenhuma opção for indicada, então -f é assumido.\n"
" \n"
-" Os valores estão em incrementos de 1024 bytes, exceto para -t, que é em "
-"segundos,\n"
-" -p, que é em incrementos de 512 bytes e -u, que é um número de "
-"processos\n"
+" Os valores estão em incrementos de 1024 bytes, exceto para -t, que é em segundos,\n"
+" -p, que é em incrementos de 512 bytes e -u, que é um número de processos\n"
" sem escala.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que seja indicada uma opção inválida ou "
-"ocorra um erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que seja indicada uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:1524
+#: builtins.c:1483
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Mostrar ou definir a máscara do modo de ficheiro.\n"
" \n"
-" Define a máscara do utilizador de criação de ficheiro para MODO. Se "
-"MODO\n"
+" Define a máscara do utilizador de criação de ficheiro para MODO. Se MODO\n"
" for omitido, imprime o valor actual da máscara.\n"
" \n"
" Se MODO começa com um dígito, é interpretado como um número octal;\n"
-" caso contrário, é uma cadeia de modo simbólico como a aceite por "
-"chmod(1).\n"
+" caso contrário, é uma cadeia de modo simbólico como a aceite por chmod(1).\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -p\tse MODO for omitido, saída de forma a que possa ser reutilizado "
-"como entrada\n"
-" -S\ttorna a saída simbólica; caso contrário, a saída é um número "
-"octal\n"
+" -p\tse MODO for omitido, saída de forma a que possa ser reutilizado como entrada\n"
+" -S\ttorna a saída simbólica; caso contrário, a saída é um número octal\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que MODO seja inválido ou indique uma opção "
-"inválida."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que MODO seja inválido ou indique uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1503
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
-" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or "
-"a\n"
+" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a\n"
" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n"
" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n"
" status is zero. If ID is a job specification, waits for all processes\n"
" in that job's pipeline.\n"
" \n"
-" If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of "
-"IDs,\n"
-" or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns "
-"its\n"
+" If the -n option is supplied, waits for a single job from the list of IDs,\n"
+" or, if no IDs are supplied, for the next job to complete and returns its\n"
" exit status.\n"
" \n"
" If the -p option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job\n"
" for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable VAR\n"
-" named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, "
-"before\n"
+" named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, before\n"
" any assignment. This is useful only when the -n option is supplied.\n"
" \n"
" If the -f option is supplied, and job control is enabled, waits for the\n"
msgstr ""
"Aguarda a conclusão da tarefa e devolve o estado de saída.\n"
" \n"
-" Espera por cada processo identificado por uma ID, que pode ser uma ID "
-"de\n"
-" processo ou uma especificação de tarefa e relata o estado final. Se "
-"não\n"
-" for dada uma ID, aguarda por todos os processos-filho actualmente "
-"activos e o\n"
-" estado de saída é zero. Se ID for uma especificação de tarefa, espera "
-"por\n"
+" Espera por cada processo identificado por uma ID, que pode ser uma ID de\n"
+" processo ou uma especificação de tarefa e relata o estado final. Se não\n"
+" for dada uma ID, aguarda por todos os processos-filho actualmente activos e o\n"
+" estado de saída é zero. Se ID for uma especificação de tarefa, espera por\n"
" todos os processos no pipeline da tarefa.\n"
" \n"
-" Se a opção -n for fornecida, espera por uma tarefa única da lista de "
-"IDs ou\n"
+" Se a opção -n for fornecida, espera por uma tarefa única da lista de IDs ou\n"
" se não indicar IDs, pela conclusão da tarefa seguinte devolve\n"
" o seu estado de saída.\n"
" \n"
-" Se a opção -p for indicada, o identificador de processo ou tarefa da "
-"tarefa\n"
+" Se a opção -p for indicada, o identificador de processo ou tarefa da tarefa\n"
" para a qual foi devolvido o estado de saída é atribuído à variável VAR\n"
-" nomeada pelo argumento da opção. A variável estará indefinida "
-"inicialmente,\n"
+" nomeada pelo argumento da opção. A variável estará indefinida inicialmente,\n"
" antes de qualquer atribuição. Útil só quando a opção -n é indicada.\n"
" \n"
-" Se a opção -f for indicada e o controlo de tarefas estiver activo, "
-"espera que\n"
-" a ID especificada termine, em vez de esperar por uma alteração de "
-"estado.\n"
+" Se a opção -f for indicada e o controlo de tarefas estiver activo, espera que\n"
+" a ID especificada termine, em vez de esperar por uma alteração de estado.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve o estado da última ID; falha se a ID for inválida ou for "
-"indicada\n"
+" Devolve o estado da última ID; falha se a ID for inválida ou for indicada\n"
" uma opção inválida, ou se -n for indicada e a consola não tiver filhos\n"
" inesperados."
-#: builtins.c:1575
+#: builtins.c:1534
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
-" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination "
-"status.\n"
+" Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status.\n"
" If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes,\n"
" and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an "
-"invalid\n"
+" Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid\n"
" option is given."
msgstr ""
"Aguarda a conclusão do processo e devolve o estado de saída.\n"
" \n"
-" Espera por cada processo especificado por uma PID e reporta o estado "
-"final.\n"
-" Se PID não for dada, aguarda por todos os processos-filho actualmente "
-"activos,\n"
+" Espera por cada processo especificado por uma PID e reporta o estado final.\n"
+" Se PID não for dada, aguarda por todos os processos-filho actualmente activos,\n"
" e o estado devolvido é zero. A PID tem de ser uma ID de processo.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve o estado da última PID; falha se PID for inválido ou for "
-"indicada\n"
+" Devolve o estado da última PID; falha se PID for inválido ou for indicada\n"
" uma opção inválida."
-#: builtins.c:1590
-msgid ""
-"Execute PIPELINE, which can be a simple command, and negate PIPELINE's\n"
-" return status.\n"
-" \n"
-" Exit Status:\n"
-" The logical negation of PIPELINE's return status."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:1600
+#: builtins.c:1549
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Executa comandos para cada membro numa lista.\n"
" \n"
-" O ciclo \"for\" executa uma seqüência de comandos para cada membro "
-"numa\n"
-" lista de itens. Se \"in PALAVRAS ...;\" não estiver presente, \" in "
-"\"$@\" \" é\n"
-" assumido. Para cada elemento em PALAVRAS, NOME está definido para "
-"esseelemento,\n"
+" O ciclo \"for\" executa uma seqüência de comandos para cada membro numa\n"
+" lista de itens. Se \"in PALAVRAS ...;\" não estiver presente, \" in \"$@\" \" é\n"
+" assumido. Para cada elemento em PALAVRAS, NOME está definido para esseelemento,\n"
" e os COMANDOS são executados.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1614
+#: builtins.c:1563
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tCOMANDOS\n"
" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n"
" \tdone\n"
-" EXP1, EXP2 e EXP3 são expressões aritméicas. Se alguma delas for "
-"omitida\n"
+" EXP1, EXP2 e EXP3 são expressões aritméicas. Se alguma delas for omitida\n"
" comporta-se como se fosse avaliada como 1.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1632
+#: builtins.c:1581
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1653
+#: builtins.c:1602
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
"Reporta o tempo consumido pela execução do pipeline.\n"
" \n"
" Executa PIPELINE e imprime um resumo do tempo real, tempo de CPU do,\n"
-" utilizador e tempo de CPU do sistema na execução de PIPELINE quando "
-"terminar.\n"
+" utilizador e tempo de CPU do sistema na execução de PIPELINE quando terminar.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -p\timprime o resumo do tempo no formato portátil Posix\n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" O estado devolvido é o estado de PIPELINE."
-#: builtins.c:1670
+#: builtins.c:1619
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1682
+#: builtins.c:1631
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
-" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then "
-"the\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list "
-"is\n"
+" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n"
" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. "
-"Otherwise,\n"
-" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of "
-"the\n"
-" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or "
-"zero\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n"
+" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n"
+" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n"
" if no condition tested true.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
"Executa comandos com base em condicional.\n"
" \n"
" A lista \"if COMANDOS\" é executada. Se o estado de saída for zero, é\n"
-" executada a lista \"then COMANDOS\". Caso contrário, cada lista \"elif "
-"COMANDOS\"\n"
-" é executado por sua vez e se o estado de saída for zero, a "
-"correspondente\n"
-" lista \"then COMANDOS\" é executada e o comando if é concluído. De "
-"outra forma,\n"
-" a lista \"else COMANDOS\" é executada, se presente. O estado de saída "
-"da\n"
-" construção inteira é o estado de saída do último comando executado, ou "
-"zero\n"
+" executada a lista \"then COMANDOS\". Caso contrário, cada lista \"elif COMANDOS\"\n"
+" é executado por sua vez e se o estado de saída for zero, a correspondente\n"
+" lista \"then COMANDOS\" é executada e o comando if é concluído. De outra forma,\n"
+" a lista \"else COMANDOS\" é executada, se presente. O estado de saída da\n"
+" construção inteira é o estado de saída do último comando executado, ou zero\n"
" se nenhuma condição for verdadeira.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1699
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1648
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
-" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS "
-"has\n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has\n"
" an exit status of zero.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Executa comandos enquanto o teste tiver sucesso.\n"
" \n"
-" Expande e executa COMANDOS enquanto o comando final no ciclo\n"
-" \"while COMANDOS\" tenha um estado de saída zero.\n"
+" Expande e executa COMANDOS-2 enquanto o comando final em COMANDOS\n"
+" tenha um estado de saída zero.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1711
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1660
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
-" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS "
-"has\n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS-2 as long as the final command in COMMANDS has\n"
" an exit status which is not zero.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
msgstr ""
"Executa comandos enquanto o teste não tiver sucesso.\n"
" \n"
-" Expande e executa COMANDOS enquanto o comando final no ciclo\n"
-" \"until COMANDOS\" tenha um estado de saída não zero.\n"
+" Expande e executa COMANDOS-2 enquanto o comando final em COMANDOS\n"
+" tenha um estado de saída não zero.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1723
+#: builtins.c:1672
msgid ""
"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Cria um co-processo chamado NOME.\n"
" \n"
-" Executa COMANDO assincronamente, com a saída e a entrada padrão "
-"ligadas\n"
+" Executa COMANDO assincronamente, com a saída e a entrada padrão ligadas\n"
" via pipe a descritores de ficheiro atribuídos a índices 0 e 1 de uma \n"
" variável de matriz NOME na consola em execução.\n"
" O NOME predefinido é \"COPROC\".\n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" O comando coproc devolve um estado de saída 0."
-#: builtins.c:1737
+#: builtins.c:1686
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n"
-" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is "
-"invoked,\n"
+" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n"
" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n"
" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que NOME seja só de leitura."
-#: builtins.c:1751
+#: builtins.c:1700
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado do último comando executado."
-#: builtins.c:1763
+#: builtins.c:1712
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve o estado da tarefa retomada."
-#: builtins.c:1778
+#: builtins.c:1727
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
" Devolve 1 se EXPRESSÃO avaliar como 0; senão, devolve 0."
-#: builtins.c:1790
+#: builtins.c:1739
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
-" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the "
-"conditional\n"
-" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries "
-"used\n"
-" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following "
-"operators:\n"
+" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n"
+" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n"
+" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n"
" \n"
" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n"
" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n"
"Executa o comando condicional.\n"
" \n"
" Devolve um estado de 0 ou 1, dependendo da avaliação da expressão\n"
-" condicional EXPRESSÃO. As expressões são compostas pelas mesmas "
-"primárias\n"
-" usadas pelo interno \"test\" e pode ser combinado com os seguintes "
-"operadores:\n"
+" condicional EXPRESSÃO. As expressões são compostas pelas mesmas primárias\n"
+" usadas pelo interno \"test\" e pode ser combinado com os seguintes operadores:\n"
" \n"
" ( EXPRESSÃO )\tDevolve o valor de EXPRESSÃO\n"
" ! EXPRESSÃO\t\tVerdadeiro se EXPRESSÃO for falsa; senão falso\n"
-" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tVerdadeiro se EXPR1 e EXPR2 forem verdadeiras; senão "
-"falso\n"
-" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tVerdadeiro se EXPR1 ou EXPR2 forem verdadeiras; "
-"senão falso\n"
-" \n"
-" Quando os operadores \"==\" e \"! =\" são usados, a cadeia à direita do "
-"operador\n"
-" é usada como padrão e é feita a comparação de padrões. Quando o "
-"operador \"= ~\"\n"
-" é usado, a cadeia à direita do operador é comparada como expressão "
-"regular.\n"
+" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tVerdadeiro se EXPR1 e EXPR2 forem verdadeiras; senão falso\n"
+" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tVerdadeiro se EXPR1 ou EXPR2 forem verdadeiras; senão falso\n"
+" \n"
+" Quando os operadores \"==\" e \"! =\" são usados, a cadeia à direita do operador\n"
+" é usada como padrão e é feita a comparação de padrões. Quando o operador \"= ~\"\n"
+" é usado, a cadeia à direita do operador é comparada como expressão regular.\n"
" \n"
" Os operadores && e || não avaliam EXPR2 se EXPR1 for suficiente para\n"
" determinar o valor da expressão."
-#: builtins.c:1816
+#: builtins.c:1765
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" BASH_VERSION\tInformações de versão para esta bash.\n"
" CDPATH\tUma lista de pastas separadas por \":\" para procurar\n"
" \t\tpor pastas dadas como argumentos a \"cd\".\n"
-" GLOBIGNORE\tUma lista de padrões separada por \":\" que descreve nomes "
-"de\n"
+" GLOBIGNORE\tUma lista de padrões separada por \":\" que descreve nomes de\n"
" ficheiro a ignorar pela expansão do nome do caminho.\n"
-" HISTFILE\tNome de ficheiro onde o seu histórico de comandos é "
-"armazenado.\n"
+" HISTFILE\tNome de ficheiro onde o seu histórico de comandos é armazenado.\n"
" HISTFILESIZE\tNúmero máximo de linhas que este ficheiro pode conter.\n"
" HISTSIZE\tNúmero máximo de linhas de histórico a que uma consola em \n"
" \t\texecução pode aceder.\n"
" \t\tvazia antes que a consola saia (predefinição 10).\n"
" \t\tQuando não definido, EOF significa o fim da entrada.\n"
" MACHTYPE\tDescrição do sistema actual em que a bash está em execução.\n"
-" MAILCHECK\tFrequência, em segundos, com que a bash procura novo "
-"correio.\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tFrequência, em segundos, com que a bash procura novo correio.\n"
" MAILPATH\tLista de ficheiros separados por \":\" onde a bash procura\n"
" \t\tnovas mensagens.\n"
" OSTYPE\tVersão Unix em que esta versão da bash está em execução.\n"
" \t\t\"substring\" significa que a palavra de comando deve ser igual\n"
" \t\ta uma sub-cadeia da tarefa. Qualquer outro valor significa que\n"
" \t\to comando deve ser um prefixo de uma tarefa interrompida.\n"
-" histchars\tCaracteres que controlam a expansão do histórico e "
-"substituições\n"
+" histchars\tCaracteres que controlam a expansão do histórico e substituições\n"
" \t\trápidas. O primeiro carácter é o carácter de subtituição do\n"
" \t\thistórico, normalmente \"!\". O 2º é o de substituição rápida,\n"
" \t\thabitualmente \"^\". O terceiro é o comentário do histórico,\n"
" \t\tnormalmente \"#\".\n"
-" HISTIGNORE\tLista de padrões separada por \":\" usados para decidir "
-"quais\n"
+" HISTIGNORE\tLista de padrões separada por \":\" usados para decidir quais\n"
" \t\tos comandos que devem ser gravados na lista de histórico.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1873
+#: builtins.c:1822
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique um argumento inválido ou a\n"
" troca de pastas falhe."
-#: builtins.c:1907
+#: builtins.c:1856
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique um argumento inválido ou a troca\n"
" de pastas falhe."
-#: builtins.c:1937
+#: builtins.c:1886
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tpor zero.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:1968
+#: builtins.c:1917
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Devolve sucesso se OPTNOME estiver activado; falha se indicar uma opção\n"
" inválida ou OPTNOME esteja desactivada."
-#: builtins.c:1989
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1938
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n"
" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n"
" \n"
-" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: "
-"plain\n"
-" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character "
-"escape\n"
+" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n"
+" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n"
" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n"
-" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next "
-"successive\n"
+" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n"
" argument.\n"
" \n"
-" In addition to the standard format characters csndiouxXeEfFgGaA "
-"described\n"
-" in printf(3), printf interprets:\n"
+" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1),\n"
+" printf interprets:\n"
" \n"
" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n"
" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n"
" %Q\tlike %q, but apply any precision to the unquoted argument before\n"
" \t\tquoting\n"
-" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a "
-"format\n"
+" %(fmt)T\toutput the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format\n"
" \t string for strftime(3)\n"
" \n"
" The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If\n"
" there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format\n"
-" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as "
-"appropriate,\n"
+" specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate,\n"
" had been supplied.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or "
-"assignment\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Formata e imprime ARGUMENTOS sob controlo do FORMATO.\n"
" \n"
" FORMATO é uma cadeia de caracteres que contém três tipos de objectos: \n"
" caracteres simples, que são simplesmente copiados para a saída padrão;\n"
-" sequências de escape, que são convertidas e copiadas para a saída "
-"padrão; e\n"
-" especificações de formato, cada uma das quais causa a impressão do "
-"argumento\n"
+" sequências de escape, que são convertidas e copiadas para a saída padrão; e\n"
+" especificações de formato, cada uma das quais causa a impressão do argumento\n"
" sucessivo seguinte.\n"
" \n"
" Além das especificações de formato padrão descritas em printf (1),\n"
" printf interpreta:\n"
" \n"
" %b\texpande sequências de escape para o argumento correspondente\n"
-" %q\tcita o argumento de forma a ser reutilizado como entrada de "
-"consola\n"
-" %(fmt)T\timprime a cadeia de data-hora resultante da utilização do "
-"FMT\n"
+" %q\tcita o argumento de forma a ser reutilizado como entrada de consola\n"
+" %(fmt)T\timprime a cadeia de data-hora resultante da utilização do FMT\n"
" \t\tcomo formato para strftime(3)\n"
" \n"
-" O formato é reutilizado conforme necessário para consumir todos os "
-"argumentos.\n"
-" E se há menos argumentos do que o formato requer, especificações de "
-"formato\n"
-" extra comportam-se como um valor zero ou uma cadeia nula, conforme "
-"apropriado,\n"
+" O formato é reutilizado conforme necessário para consumir todos os argumentos.\n"
+" E se há menos argumentos do que o formato requer, especificações de formato\n"
+" extra comportam-se como um valor zero ou uma cadeia nula, conforme apropriado,\n"
" tenha sido fornecido.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro de\n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro de\n"
" escrita ou atribuição."
-#: builtins.c:2025
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1974
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
-" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no "
-"options\n"
-" or NAMEs are supplied, display existing completion specifications in a "
-"way\n"
-" that allows them to be reused as input.\n"
+" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n"
+" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n"
+" allows them to be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n"
" \t\tcommand) word\n"
" \n"
" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n"
-" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are "
-"supplied,\n"
-" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -"
-"I.\n"
+" uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied,\n"
+" the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
"Especifica como os argumentos devem ser concluídos por Readline.\n"
" \n"
-" Para cada NOME, especifica como os argumentos devem ser concluídos. Se "
-"não \n"
-" fornecer opções, as especificações de conclusão existentes são "
-"imprimidas\n"
+" Para cada NOME, especifica como os argumentos devem ser concluídos. Se não \n"
+" fornecer opções, as especificações de conclusão existentes são imprimidas\n"
" de forma a permitir que sejam reutilizadas como entrada.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
-" -p\timprime especificações de conclusão existentes em formato "
-"reutilizável\n"
+" -p\timprime especificações de conclusão existentes em formato reutilizável\n"
" -r\tremove uma especificação de conclusão para cada NOME, ou, se não\n"
" \t\tforneceu NOMEs, todas as especificações de conclusão\n"
" -D\taplica as conclusões e acções como predefinição para comandos\n"
" \t\tcomando)\n"
" \n"
" Quando a conclusão é tentada, as acções são aplicadas na ordem em que \n"
-" as opções de letras maiúsculas estão listadas acima. Se forem fornecidas "
-"múltiplas\n"
-" opções, a opção -D toma precedência sobre -E e ambas têm precedência "
-"sobre -I.\n"
+" as opções de letras maiúsculas estão listadas acima. Se forem fornecidas múltiplas\n"
+" opções, a opção -D toma precedência sobre -E e ambas têm precedência sobre -I.\n"
" \n"
" Estado da saída:\n"
-"devolve sucesso a não ser que seja fornecida uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro."
+"devolve sucesso a não ser que seja fornecida uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:2055
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:2004
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n"
-" completions. If the optional WORD argument is present, generate "
-"matches\n"
-" against WORD.\n"
-" \n"
-" If the -V option is supplied, store the possible completions in the "
-"indexed\n"
-" array VARNAME instead of printing them to the standard output.\n"
+" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n"
+" WORD are generated.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
" são geradas comparações com PALAVRA.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um "
-"erro."
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou ocorra um erro."
-#: builtins.c:2073
+#: builtins.c:2019
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
-" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are "
-"supplied,\n"
-" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, "
-"print\n"
-" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion "
-"specification.\n"
+" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n"
+" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print\n"
+" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n"
msgstr ""
"Modifica ou mostra as opções de conclusão.\n"
" \n"
-" Modifica as opções de conclusão para cada NOME, ou, se não fornecer "
-"NOME,\n"
-" a conclusão actualmente em execução. Se nenhuma OPÇÃO for fornecida, "
-"imprime\n"
-" as opções de conclusão para cada NOME ou a especificação de conclusão "
-"actual.\n"
+" Modifica as opções de conclusão para cada NOME, ou, se não fornecer NOME,\n"
+" a conclusão actualmente em execução. Se nenhuma OPÇÃO for fornecida, imprime\n"
+" as opções de conclusão para cada NOME ou a especificação de conclusão actual.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" \t-o opção\tDefine opção de conclusão OPÇÃO para cada NOME\n"
" \n"
" Argumentos:\n"
" \n"
-" Cada NOME refere-se a um comando para o qual uma especificação de "
-"conclusão\n"
-" deve ter sido anteriormente definida usando o interno \"complete\". Se "
-"não\n"
+" Cada NOME refere-se a um comando para o qual uma especificação de conclusão\n"
+" deve ter sido anteriormente definida usando o interno \"complete\". Se não\n"
" forneceu NOMEs, compopt tem de ser chamado por uma função actualmente a\n"
-" gerar conclusões e as opções para esse gerador de conclusões "
-"actualmente\n"
+" gerar conclusões e as opções para esse gerador de conclusões actualmente\n"
" em execução são modificadas.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME não "
-"tenha\n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida ou NOME não tenha\n"
" uma especificação de conclusão definida."
-#: builtins.c:2104
+#: builtins.c:2050
msgid ""
"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n"
" \n"
-" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable "
-"ARRAY, or\n"
-" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable "
-"MAPFILE\n"
+" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n"
+" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n"
" is the default ARRAY.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -d delim\tUse DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline\n"
-" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are "
-"copied\n"
-" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default "
-"index is 0\n"
+" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied\n"
+" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0\n"
" -s count\tDiscard the first COUNT lines read\n"
" -t\tRemove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline)\n"
-" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard "
-"input\n"
+" -u fd\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read\n"
" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to\n"
" \t\t\tCALLBACK\n"
" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n"
" as additional arguments.\n"
" \n"
-" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
-"before\n"
+" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n"
" assigning to it.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly "
-"or\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
" not an indexed array."
msgstr ""
"Lê linhas da entrada padrão para uma variável de matriz indexada.\n"
" \n"
-" Lê linhas da entrada padrão para a variável de matriz indexada MATRIZ, "
-"ou\n"
-" do descritor de ficheiro FD se a opção -u for fornecida. A variável "
-"MAPFILE\n"
+" Lê linhas da entrada padrão para a variável de matriz indexada MATRIZ, ou\n"
+" do descritor de ficheiro FD se a opção -u for fornecida. A variável MAPFILE\n"
" é a MATRIZ predefinida.\n"
" \n"
" Opções:\n"
" -d delim\tUsa DELIM para terminar as linhas, em vez de nova linha\n"
" -n total\tCopia no máximo TOTAL linhas. Se TOTAL for 0, copia todas\n"
-" -O origem\tComeça a atribuir a MATRIZ no índice ORIGEM. A predefinição "
-"é 0\n"
+" -O origem\tComeça a atribuir a MATRIZ no índice ORIGEM. A predefinição é 0\n"
" -s total\tDescarta as primeiras TOTAL linhas lidas\n"
-" -t\tRemove um DELIM inicial de cada linha lida (predefinição é nova "
-"linha)\n"
+" -t\tRemove um DELIM inicial de cada linha lida (predefinição é nova linha)\n"
" -u fd\tLê linhas do descritor de ficheiro FD em vez da entrada padrão\n"
" -C retorno\tAvalia RETORNO cada vez que QUANTUM linhas são lidas\n"
" -c quantum\tEspecifica o número de linhas lidas entre cada chamada a\n"
" matriz a ser atribuído e a linha a ser atribuída a esse elemento\n"
" como argumentos adicionais.\n"
" \n"
-" Se não for fornecido com uma origem explícita, mapfile limpa MATRIZ "
-"antes\n"
+" Se não for fornecido com uma origem explícita, mapfile limpa MATRIZ antes\n"
" de lhe fazer atribuições.\n"
" \n"
" Estado de saída:\n"
-" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida, MATRIZ seja "
-"só\n"
+" Devolve sucesso a não ser que indique uma opção inválida, MATRIZ seja só\n"
" de leitura ou não seja uma matriz indexada."
-#: builtins.c:2140
+#: builtins.c:2086
msgid ""
"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Um sinónimo para \"mapfile\"."
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: impossível abrir: %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: inlib failed"
-#~ msgstr "%s: falha inlib"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"
-#~ msgstr "%s: impossível executar binário: %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
-#~ msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: não pode alterar o idioma (%s)"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-#~ msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: não pode alterar o idioma (%s): %s"
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-#~ msgstr "setlocale: %s: não pode alterar o idioma (%s): %s"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n"
-#~ " \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used "
-#~ "to\n"
-#~ " provide a stack trace.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before "
-#~ "the\n"
-#~ " current one; the top frame is frame 0."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Devolve o contexto da actual chamada a sub-rotina.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " Sem EXPR, devolve \"$linha $nomefich\". Com EXPR, devolve\n"
-#~ " \"$linha $sub-rotina $nomefich\"; esta informação extra pode ser "
-#~ "usada\n"
-#~ " para obter um rasto da pilha.\n"
-#~ " \n"
-#~ " O valor de EXPR indica quantas chamadas deve recuar antes da\n"
-#~ " actual; a chamada superior é a chamada 0.\n"
-#~ " Estado de saída:\n"
-#~ " Devolve 0 a não ser que a consola não esteja a executar uma função "
-#~ "ou EXPR\n"
-#~ " seja inválida."
-
-#, c-format
-#~ msgid "warning: %s: %s"
-#~ msgstr "aviso: %s: %s"
-
-#, c-format
#~ msgid "%s: invalid associative array key"
#~ msgstr "%s: chave de matriz associativa inválida"
/* print_command -- A way to make readable commands from a command tree. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
case r_input_output:
if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
- else if (redirector != 1)
+ else if (redirector != 0)
cprintf ("%d", redirector);
cprintf ("<> %s", redirectee->word);
break;
/* redir.c -- Functions to perform input and output redirection. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1997-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1997-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
static void add_exec_redirect (REDIRECT *);
static int add_undo_redirect (int, enum r_instruction, int);
static int add_undo_close_redirect (int);
+static int add_undo_fd_redirect (int, int);
static int expandable_redirection_filename (REDIRECT *);
static int stdin_redirection (enum r_instruction, int);
static int undoablefd (int);
#if defined (F_GETPIPE_SZ)
if (fcntl (herepipe[1], F_GETPIPE_SZ, 0) < document_len)
- goto use_tempfile;
+ {
+ close (herepipe[0]);
+ close (herepipe[1]);
+ goto use_tempfile;
+ }
#endif
r = heredoc_write (herepipe[1], document, document_len);
use_tempfile:
+ /* TAG: use anonfiles here in a future version. */
fd = sh_mktmpfd ("sh-thd", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR, &filename);
/* If we failed for some reason other than the file existing, abort */
do_redirection_internal (REDIRECT *redirect, int flags, char **fnp)
{
WORD_DESC *redirectee;
- int redir_fd, fd, redirector, r, oflags, rflags;
+ int redir_fd, fd, redirector, r, oflags, rflags, fdactive;
intmax_t lfd;
char *redirectee_word;
enum r_instruction ri;
dispose_redirects (new_redirect);
}
+ fdactive = 0;
+
switch (ri)
{
case r_output_direction:
if (fd != redirector && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) && varassign_redir_autoclose)
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
else if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1))
- r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+ {
+ fdactive = 1;
+ r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+ }
else
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, fd);
}
/* inhibit call to sync_buffered_stream() for async processes */
- if (redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
+ if ((redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0) && (flags & RX_UNDOABLE))
check_bash_input (redirector);
/* Make sure there is no pending output before we change the state
if (fd != redirector && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) && varassign_redir_autoclose)
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
else if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1))
- r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+ {
+ fdactive = 1;
+ r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+ }
else
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, fd);
}
- check_bash_input (redirector);
+ if (flags & RX_UNDOABLE)
+ check_bash_input (redirector);
if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
{
if ((redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) && varassign_redir_autoclose)
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
else if (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1)
- r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, redir_fd);
+ {
+ fdactive = 1;
+ r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, redir_fd);
+ }
else
r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, -1);
}
/* inhibit call to sync_buffered_stream() for async processes */
- if (redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
+ if ((redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0) && (flags & RX_UNDOABLE))
check_bash_input (redirector);
if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
xtrace_fdchk (redirector);
/* inhibit call to sync_buffered_stream() for async processes */
- if (redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
+ if ((redirector != 0 || (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0) && (flags & RX_UNDOABLE))
check_bash_input (redirector);
r = close_buffered_fd (redirector);
return 0;
}
+static int
+add_undo_fd_redirect (int sfd, int rfd)
+{
+ REDIRECTEE rd, sd;
+ REDIRECT *nr;
+
+ sd.dest = sfd;
+ rd.dest = rfd;
+ nr = make_redirection (sd, r_move_input, rd, 0);
+ nr->rflags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+ nr->next = redirection_undo_list;
+ redirection_undo_list = nr;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
static void
add_exec_redirect (REDIRECT *dummy_redirect)
{
/* shell.c -- GNU's idea of the POSIX shell specification. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
/* Clean up the terminal if we are in a state where it's been modified. */
#if defined (READLINE)
if (bash_readline_initialized && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED) && rl_deprep_term_function)
-{
-itrace("exit_shell: calling rl_deprep_term_function");
(*rl_deprep_term_function) ();
-}
#endif
if (read_tty_modified ())
read_tty_cleanup ();
(void) getresuid (¤t_user.uid, ¤t_user.euid, ¤t_user.saveuid);
#else
current_user.uid = getuid ();
- current_user.euid = geteuid ();
+ current_user.euid = current_user.saveuid = geteuid ();
#endif
#if HAVE_SETRESGID
(void) getresgid (¤t_user.gid, ¤t_user.egid, ¤t_user.savegid);
#else
current_user.gid = getgid ();
- current_user.egid = getegid ();
+ current_user.egid = current_user.savegid = getegid ();
#endif
if (current_user.uid != u)
if (interactive && no_line_editing == 0)
with_input_from_stdin ();
else if (interactive == 0)
- with_input_from_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input, dollar_vars[0]);
+ {
+ errno = 0;
+ with_input_from_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input, dollar_vars[0]);
+ if (get_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input) == NULL)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_NOINPUT;
+ if (errno != 0)
+ sys_error ("%s", _("error creating buffered stream"));
+ else
+ report_error ("%s", _("error creating buffered stream"));
+ }
+ }
else
with_input_from_stream (default_input, dollar_vars[0]);
}
/* Set the event hook so readline will call it after the signal handlers
finish executing, so if this interrupted character input we can get
quick response. If readline is active or has modified the terminal we
- need to set this no matter what the signal is, though the check for
- RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED is possibly redundant. */
+ need to set this no matter what the signal is; the check for
+ RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED is to handle the cases where we get a terminating
+ signal that readline *doesn't* handle while readline is executing. */
if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER) || RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED))
bashline_set_event_hook ();
else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING|RL_STATE_DISPATCHING))
/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a
beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#endif
if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) == 0 && c == CTLESC)
{
- i += 2;
+ i++;
+ CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, i, slen, c);
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); /* CTLESC can quote mbchars */
CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, i, slen, c);
continue;
}
subst_assign_varlist = 0;
- push_context (lambdafunc.name, 1, temporary_env); /* make local variables work */
temporary_env = 0;
- this_shell_function = &lambdafunc;
+ push_context (lambdafunc.name, 1, temporary_env); /* make local variables work */
+ this_shell_function = &lambdafunc;
unwind_protect_int (verbose_flag);
change_flag ('v', FLAG_OFF);
failure. */
if ((var == 0 || invisible_p (var) || (assoc_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var) == 0)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
{
+ set_exit_status (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+#if 1
+ /* If the array isn't subscripted with `@' or `*', it's an error. */
+ if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[0]) == 0 || t[1] != RBRACK)
+ return (INTMAX_MIN); /* caller prints error */
+#endif
+ /* If the variable is subscripted with `@' or `*', ksh93 allows it to
+ return 0. We treat it as a non-fatal error. */
c = *--t;
*t = '\0';
- set_exit_status (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
err_unboundvar (s);
*t = c;
return (-1);
return (var_isset (var) ? 1 : 0);
}
+ /* If an array variable is set, length expansions for unset elements
+ return 0. This is compatible with ksh93. */
if (assoc_p (var))
{
t[len - 1] = '\0';
+++ /dev/null
-#!/bin/sh -
-#
-# bashbug - create a bug report and mail it to the bug address
-#
-# The bug address depends on the release status of the shell. Versions
-# with status `devel', `alpha', `beta', or `rc' mail bug reports to
-# chet@cwru.edu and, optionally, to bash-testers@cwru.edu.
-# Other versions send mail to bug-bash@gnu.org.
-#
-# Copyright (C) 1996-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-#
-# configuration section:
-# these variables are filled in by the make target in Makefile
-#
-MACHINE="!MACHINE!"
-OS="!OS!"
-CC="!CC!"
-CFLAGS="!CFLAGS!"
-RELEASE="!RELEASE!"
-PATCHLEVEL="!PATCHLEVEL!"
-RELSTATUS="!RELSTATUS!"
-MACHTYPE="!MACHTYPE!"
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
-export PATH
-
-# Check if TMPDIR is set, default to /tmp
-: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
-
-#Securely create a temporary directory for the temporary files
-TEMPDIR=$TMPDIR/bbug.$$
-(umask 077 && mkdir "$TEMPDIR") || {
- echo "$0: could not create temporary directory" >&2
- exit 1
-}
-
-TEMPFILE1=$TEMPDIR/bbug1
-TEMPFILE2=$TEMPDIR/bbug2
-
-USAGE="Usage: $0 [--help] [--version] [bug-report-email-address]"
-VERSTR="GNU bashbug, version ${RELEASE}.${PATCHLEVEL}-${RELSTATUS}"
-
-do_help= do_version=
-
-while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
- case "$1" in
- --help) shift ; do_help=y ;;
- --version) shift ; do_version=y ;;
- --) shift ; break ;;
- -*) echo "bashbug: ${1}: invalid option" >&2
- echo "$USAGE" >&2
- exit 2 ;;
- *) break ;;
- esac
-done
-
-if [ -n "$do_version" ]; then
- echo "${VERSTR}"
- exit 0
-fi
-
-if [ -n "$do_help" ]; then
- echo "${VERSTR}"
- echo "${USAGE}"
- echo
- cat << HERE_EOF
-Bashbug is used to send mail to the Bash maintainers
-for when Bash doesn't behave like you'd like, or expect.
-
-Bashbug will start up your editor (as defined by the shell's
-EDITOR environment variable) with a preformatted bug report
-template for you to fill in. The report will be mailed to the
-bug-bash mailing list by default. See the manual for details.
-
-If you invoke bashbug by accident, just quit your editor without
-saving any changes to the template, and no bug report will be sent.
-HERE_EOF
- exit 0
-fi
-
-# Figure out how to echo a string without a trailing newline
-N=`echo 'hi there\c'`
-case "$N" in
-*c) n=-n c= ;;
-*) n= c='\c' ;;
-esac
-
-BASHTESTERS="bash-testers@cwru.edu"
-
-case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*) BUGBASH=chet.ramey@case.edu ;;
-*) BUGBASH=bug-bash@gnu.org ;;
-esac
-
-case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*)
- echo "$0: This is a testing release. Would you like your bug report"
- echo "$0: to be sent to the bash-testers mailing list?"
- echo $n "$0: Send to bash-testers? $c"
- read ans
- case "$ans" in
- y*|Y*) BUGBASH="${BUGBASH},${BASHTESTERS}" ;;
- esac ;;
-esac
-
-BUGADDR="${1-$BUGBASH}"
-
-if [ -z "$DEFEDITOR" ] && [ -z "$EDITOR" ]; then
- if [ -x /usr/bin/editor ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=editor
- elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/ce ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=ce
- elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/emacs ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=emacs
- elif [ -x /usr/contrib/bin/emacs ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=emacs
- elif [ -x /usr/bin/emacs ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=emacs
- elif [ -x /usr/bin/xemacs ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=xemacs
- elif [ -x /usr/bin/nano ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=nano
- elif [ -x /usr/contrib/bin/jove ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=jove
- elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/jove ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=jove
- elif [ -x /usr/bin/vi ]; then
- DEFEDITOR=vi
- else
- echo "$0: No default editor found: attempting to use vi" >&2
- DEFEDITOR=vi
- fi
-fi
-
-
-: ${EDITOR=$DEFEDITOR}
-
-: ${USER=${LOGNAME-`whoami`}}
-
-trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"; exit 1' 1 2 3 13 15
-trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"' 0
-
-UN=
-if (uname) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
- UN=`uname -a`
-fi
-
-if [ -f /usr/lib/sendmail ] ; then
- RMAIL="/usr/lib/sendmail"
- SMARGS="-i -t"
-elif [ -f /usr/sbin/sendmail ] ; then
- RMAIL="/usr/sbin/sendmail"
- SMARGS="-i -t"
-else
- RMAIL=rmail
- SMARGS="$BUGADDR"
-fi
-
-INITIAL_SUBJECT='[50 character or so descriptive subject here (for reference)]'
-
-cat > "$TEMPFILE1" <<EOF
-From: ${USER}
-To: ${BUGADDR}
-Subject: ${INITIAL_SUBJECT}
-
-Configuration Information [Automatically generated, do not change]:
-Machine: $MACHINE
-OS: $OS
-Compiler: $CC
-Compilation CFLAGS: $CFLAGS
-uname output: $UN
-Machine Type: $MACHTYPE
-
-Bash Version: $RELEASE
-Patch Level: $PATCHLEVEL
-Release Status: $RELSTATUS
-
-Description:
- [Detailed description of the problem, suggestion, or complaint.]
-
-Repeat-By:
- [Describe the sequence of events that causes the problem
- to occur.]
-
-Fix:
- [Description of how to fix the problem. If you don't know a
- fix for the problem, don't include this section.]
-EOF
-
-cp "$TEMPFILE1" "$TEMPFILE2"
-chmod u+w "$TEMPFILE1"
-
-trap '' 2 # ignore interrupts while in editor
-
-edstat=1
-while [ $edstat -ne 0 ]; do
- $EDITOR "$TEMPFILE1"
- edstat=$?
-
- if [ $edstat -ne 0 ]; then
- echo "$0: editor \`$EDITOR' exited with nonzero status."
- echo "$0: Perhaps it was interrupted."
- echo "$0: Type \`y' to give up, and lose your bug report;"
- echo "$0: type \`n' to re-enter the editor."
- echo $n "$0: Do you want to give up? $c"
-
- read ans
- case "$ans" in
- [Yy]*) exit 1 ;;
- esac
-
- continue
- fi
-
- # find the subject from the temp file and see if it's been changed
- CURR_SUB=`grep '^Subject: ' "$TEMPFILE1" | sed 's|^Subject:[ ]*||' | sed 1q`
-
- case "$CURR_SUB" in
- "${INITIAL_SUBJECT}")
- echo
- echo "$0: You have not changed the subject from the default."
- echo "$0: Please use a more descriptive subject header."
- echo "$0: Type \`y' to give up, and lose your bug report;"
- echo "$0: type \`n' to re-enter the editor."
- echo $n "$0: Do you want to give up? $c"
-
- read ans
- case "$ans" in
- [Yy]*) exit 1 ;;
- esac
-
- echo "$0: The editor will be restarted in five seconds."
- sleep 5
- edstat=1
- ;;
- esac
-
-done
-
-trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"; exit 1' 2 # restore trap on SIGINT
-
-if cmp -s "$TEMPFILE1" "$TEMPFILE2"
-then
- echo "File not changed, no bug report submitted."
- exit
-fi
-
-echo $n "Send bug report to ${BUGADDR}? [y/n] $c"
-read ans
-case "$ans" in
-[Nn]*) exit 0 ;;
-esac
-
-${RMAIL} $SMARGS < "$TEMPFILE1" || {
- cat "$TEMPFILE1" >> $HOME/dead.bashbug
- echo "$0: mail to ${BUGADDR} failed: report saved in $HOME/dead.bashbug" >&2
- echo "$0: please send it manually to ${BUGADDR}" >&2
-}
-
-exit 0
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/bin/perl -w
-
-# This script is essentially copied from /usr/share/lintian/checks/scripts,
-# which is:
-# Copyright (C) 1998 Richard Braakman
-# Copyright (C) 2002 Josip Rodin
-# This version is
-# Copyright (C) 2003 Julian Gilbey
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-#
-
-use strict;
-
-(my $progname = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
-
-my $usage = <<"EOF";
-Usage: $progname [-n] script ...
- or: $progname --help
- or: $progname --version
-This script performs basic checks for the presence of bashisms
-in /bin/sh scripts.
-EOF
-
-my $version = <<"EOF";
-This is $progname, from the Debian devscripts package, version 2.10.7ubuntu5
-This code is copyright 2003 by Julian Gilbey <jdg\@debian.org>,
-based on original code which is copyright 1998 by Richard Braakman
-and copyright 2002 by Josip Rodin.
-This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
-You are free to redistribute this code under the terms of the
-GNU General Public License, version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
-EOF
-
-my $opt_echo = 0;
-
-##
-## handle command-line options
-##
-if (int(@ARGV) == 0 or $ARGV[0] =~ /^(--help|-h)$/) { print $usage; exit 0; }
-if (@ARGV and $ARGV[0] =~ /^(--version|-v)$/) { print $version; exit 0; }
-if (@ARGV and $ARGV[0] =~ /^(--newline|-n)$/) { $opt_echo = 1; }
-
-
-my $status = 0;
-
-foreach my $filename (@ARGV) {
- if ($filename eq '-n' or $filename eq '--newline') {
- next;
- }
- unless (open C, "$filename") {
- warn "cannot open script $filename for reading: $!\n";
- $status |= 2;
- next;
- }
-
- my $cat_string = "";
-
- while (<C>) {
- if ($. == 1) { # This should be an interpreter line
- if (m,^\#!\s*(\S+),) {
- my $interpreter = $1;
- if ($interpreter =~ m,/bash$,) {
- warn "script $filename is already a bash script; skipping\n";
- $status |= 2;
- last; # end this file
- }
- elsif ($interpreter !~ m,/(sh|ash|dash)$,) {
- warn "script $filename does not appear to be a /bin/sh script; skipping\n";
- $status |= 2;
- last;
- }
- } else {
- warn "script $filename does not appear to have a \#! interpreter line;\nyou may get strange results\n";
- }
- }
-
- next if m,^\s*\#,; # skip comment lines
- chomp;
- my $orig_line = $_;
-
- s/(?<!\\)\#.*$//; # eat comments
-
- if (m/(?:^|\s+)cat\s*\<\<\s*(\w+)/) {
- $cat_string = $1;
- }
- elsif ($cat_string ne "" and m/^$cat_string/) {
- $cat_string = "";
- }
- my $within_another_shell = 0;
- if (m,(^|\s+)((/usr)?/bin/)?((b|d)?a|k|z|t?c)sh\s+-c\s*.+,) {
- $within_another_shell = 1;
- }
- # if cat_string is set, we are in a HERE document and need not
- # check for things
- if ($cat_string eq "" and !$within_another_shell) {
- my $found = 0;
- my $match = '';
- my $explanation = '';
- my %bashisms = (
- '(?:^|\s+)function\s+\w+' => q<'function' is useless>,
- '(?:^|\s+)select\s+\w+' => q<'select' is not POSIX>,
- '(?:^|\s+)source\s+(?:\.\/|\/|\$)[^\s]+' =>
- q<should be '.', not 'source'>,
- '(\[|test|-o|-a)\s*[^\s]+\s+==\s' =>
- q<should be 'b = a'>,
- '\s\|\&' => q<pipelining is not POSIX>,
- '\$\[\w+\]' => q<arithmetic not allowed>,
- '\$\{\w+\:\d+(?::\d+)?\}' => q<${foo:3[:1]}>,
- '\$\{!\w+[@*]\}' => q<${!prefix[*|@]>,
- '\$\{!\w+\}' => q<${!name}>,
- '\$\{\w+(/.+?){1,2}\}' => q<${parm/?/pat[/str]}>,
- '[^\\\]\{([^\s]+?,)+[^\\\}\s]+\}' =>
- q<brace expansion>,
- '(?:^|\s+)\w+\[\d+\]=' => q<bash arrays, H[0]>,
- '\$\{\#?\w+\[[0-9\*\@]+\]\}' => q<bash arrays, ${name[0|*|@]}>,
- '(?:^|\s+)(read\s*(?:;|$))' => q<read without variable>,
- '\$\(\([A-Za-z]' => q<cnt=$((cnt + 1)) does not work in dash>,
- 'echo\s+-[e]' => q<echo -e>,
- 'exec\s+-[acl]' => q<exec -c/-l/-a name>,
- '\blet\s' => q<let ...>,
- '\$RANDOM\b' => q<$RANDOM>,
- '(?<!\$)\(\(' => q<'((' should be '$(('>,
- );
-
- if ($opt_echo) {
- $bashisms{'echo\s+-[n]'} = 'q<echo -n>';
- }
-
- while (my ($re,$expl) = each %bashisms) {
- if (m/($re)/) {
- $found = 1;
- $match = $1;
- $explanation = $expl;
- last;
- }
- }
- # since this test is ugly, I have to do it by itself
- # detect source (.) trying to pass args to the command it runs
- if (not $found and m/^\s*(\.\s+[^\s]+\s+([^\s]+))/) {
- if ($2 eq '&&' || $2 eq '||') {
- # everything is ok
- ;
- } else {
- $found = 1;
- $match = $1;
- }
- }
- unless ($found == 0) {
- warn "possible bashism in $filename line $. ($explanation):\n$orig_line\n";
- $status |= 1;
- }
- }
- }
-
- close C;
-}
-
-exit $status;
+++ /dev/null
-:
-# link bash for Xenix under SCO Unix
-#
-# For xenix 2.2:
-# CC="cc -xenix -lx" ./configure
-# edit config.h:
-# comment out the define for HAVE_DIRENT_H
-# enable the define for HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H to 1
-# make
-# CC="cc -xenix -lx" ./link.sh
-#
-# For xenix 2.3:
-# CC="cc -x2.3" ./configure
-# make
-# CC="cc -x2.3" ./link.sh
-
-# Copyright (C) 1989-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-#
-
-set -x
-
-rm -f bash
-
-if [ -z "$CC" ]
-then
- if [ -f /unix ] && [ ! -f /xenix ]
- then
- CC="cc -xenix"
- else
- CC=gcc
- fi
-fi
-
-try_dir=no
-try_23=no
-try_x=yes
-
-case "$CC" in
-*-ldir*) try_dir=yes ;;
-esac
-
-case "$CC" in
-*-lx*) try_23=no ; try_x=yes ;;
-esac
-
-case "$CC" in
-*-x2.3*|*-l2.3*) try_23=yes ; try_dir=yes ;;
-esac
-
-libs=
-try="socket"
-if [ $try_dir = yes ] ; then try="$try dir" ; fi
-if [ $try_23 = yes ] ; then try="$try 2.3" ; fi
-if [ $try_x = yes ] ; then try="$try x" ; fi
-for name in $try
-do
- if [ -r "/lib/386/Slib${name}.a" ] ; then libs="$libs -l$name" ; fi
-done
-
-$CC -o bash shell.o eval.o y.tab.o \
-general.o make_cmd.o print_cmd.o dispose_cmd.o execute_cmd.o variables.o \
-copy_cmd.o error.o expr.o flags.o nojobs.o subst.o hashcmd.o hashlib.o \
-mailcheck.o trap.o input.o unwind_prot.o pathexp.o sig.o test.o \
-version.o alias.o array.o braces.o bracecomp.o bashhist.o bashline.o \
-getcwd.o siglist.o vprint.o oslib.o list.o stringlib.o locale.o \
-xmalloc.o builtins/libbuiltins.a \
-lib/readline/libreadline.a lib/readline/libhistory.a \
--ltermcap lib/glob/libglob.a lib/tilde/libtilde.a lib/malloc/libmalloc.a \
-$libs
-
-ls -l bash
+ set +x
./arith9.sub: line 37: 4+: arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+")
x = 4+ y =
+== arraysub ==
+=== assoc_expand_once unset ===
+declare -a a=([0]="10")
+declare -a a=([0]="11")
+declare -a a=([0]="12")
+declare -a a=([0]="13")
+declare -a a=([0]="14")
+./arith10.sub: line 33: " ": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "" "")
+declare -a a=([0]="16")
+declare -a a=([0]="17")
+declare -a a=([0]="18")
+./arith10.sub: line 38: "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+declare -a a=([0]="20")
+declare -a a=([0]="21")
+declare -a a=([0]="22")
+declare -a a=([0]="23")
+./arith10.sub: line 44: ((: `a[]': not a valid identifier
+declare -a a=([0]="0")
+./arith10.sub: line 45: `a[]': not a valid identifier
+declare -a a=([0]="0")
+declare -a a=([0]="26")
+=== assoc_expand_once set ===
+declare -a a=([0]="10")
+declare -a a=([0]="11")
+declare -a a=([0]="12")
+declare -a a=([0]="13")
+declare -a a=([0]="14")
+./arith10.sub: line 33: " ": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "" "")
+declare -a a=([0]="16")
+declare -a a=([0]="17")
+./arith10.sub: line 36: " ": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "" "")
+./arith10.sub: line 38: "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+declare -a a=([0]="20")
+declare -a a=([0]="21")
+./arith10.sub: line 41: "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+declare -a a=([0]="23")
+./arith10.sub: line 44: ((: `a[]': not a valid identifier
+declare -a a=([0]="0")
+./arith10.sub: line 45: `a[]': not a valid identifier
+declare -a a=([0]="0")
+./arith10.sub: line 46: "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+== substring ==
+12
+12
+
+
+345
+== cond ==
+1
+1
+0
+== arithsub ==
+0
+1 0
+0
+2 0
+./arith10.sub: line 80: "" : arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """ ")
+0
+4 0
+5 0
+6 0
+== arithcmd ==
+1 1
+2 1
+3 1
+./arith10.sub: line 89: ((: 1 - : arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "- ")
+4 1
+== letbltin ==
+1 1
+2 1
+./arith10.sub: line 94: let: 0 - "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+3 1
+./arith10.sub: line 95: let: 0 - "": arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is """")
+4 1
8 12
-./arith.tests: line 332: ((: x=9 y=41 : arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "y=41 ")
-./arith.tests: line 336: a b: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "b")
-./arith.tests: line 337: ((: a b: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "b")
+./arith.tests: line 335: ((: x=9 y=41 : arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "y=41 ")
+./arith.tests: line 339: a b: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "b")
+./arith.tests: line 340: ((: a b: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "b")
42
42
42
42
42
42
-./arith.tests: line 352: 'foo' : arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "'foo' ")
-./arith.tests: line 355: b[c]d: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "d")
+./arith.tests: line 355: 'foo' : arithmetic syntax error: operand expected (error token is "'foo' ")
+./arith.tests: line 358: b[c]d: arithmetic syntax error in expression (error token is "d")
# expressions with unset variables and nounset enabled
${THIS_SH} ./arith9.sub
+# empty expressions in various arithmetic evaluation contexts
+${THIS_SH} ./arith10.sub
+
x=4
y=7
--- /dev/null
+# Copyright 2025 The Free Software Foundation
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# let's see how various arithmetic contexts handle embedded double quotes and
+# empty expressions
+
+declare -a a
+
+afunc()
+{
+ a[0]=0
+
+ ( a[" "]=10 ; declare -p a )
+ ( (( a[" "]=11 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( : $(( a[" "]=12 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( let a\[" "\]=13 ; declare -p a )
+
+ ( declare "a[\" \"]=14" ; declare -p a )
+
+ ( a[\" \"]=15; declare -p a )
+ ( (( a[\" \"]=16 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( : $(( a[\" \"]=17 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( let "a[\" \"]"=18 ; declare -p a )
+
+ ( a[\"\"]=19 ; declare -p a )
+ ( (( a[\"\"]=20 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( : $(( a[\"\"]=21 )) ; declare -p a )
+ ( let "a[\"\"]"=22 ; declare -p a )
+
+ ( a[""]=23 ; declare -p a )
+ ( (( a[""]=24 )); declare -p a )
+ ( : $(( a[""]=25 )); declare -p a )
+ ( let 'a[""]=26' ; declare -p a )
+}
+
+echo == arraysub ==
+shopt -u assoc_expand_once
+echo === assoc_expand_once unset ===
+afunc
+
+unset a
+declare -a a
+
+shopt -s assoc_expand_once
+echo === assoc_expand_once set ===
+afunc
+unset a
+
+echo == substring ==
+a=12345
+
+echo ${a:0:2}
+echo ${a::2}
+
+echo ${a:2:0}
+echo ${a:2:}
+echo ${a:2}
+
+echo == cond ==
+[[ "" -gt 1 ]] ; echo $?
+[[ 1 -le "" ]] ; echo $?
+[[ 0 -eq "" ]] ; echo $?
+
+echo == arithsub ==
+echo $(( )) ; echo 1 $?
+echo $(( "" )) ; echo 2 $?
+echo $(( \"\" )) ; echo 3 $?
+echo $(()) ; echo 4 $?
+a=$(( )) ; echo 5 $?
+a=$(( "" )) ; echo 6 $?
+
+echo == arithcmd ==
+(( )) ; echo 1 $?
+(( "" )) ; echo 2 $?
+(( " " )) ; echo 3 $?
+(( 1 - "" )) ; echo 4 $?
+
+echo == letbltin ==
+let '' ; echo 1 $?
+let ' ' ; echo 2 $?
+let '0 - ""' ; echo 3 $?
+let "0 - \"\"" ; echo 4 $?
value = new1 new2 new3
./array.tests: line 267: syntax error near unexpected token `&'
./array.tests: line 267: `badarray=( metacharacters like & need to be quoted in compound assignments)'
-./array.tests: line 271: narray: unbound variable
+./array.tests: line 271: narray[4]: unbound variable
./array1.sub: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `('
./array1.sub: line 1: `printf "%s\n" -a a=(a 'b c')'
./array2.sub: line 1: declare: `[]=asdf': not a valid identifier
10 8 6 4 2 0
10 8 6 4 2 0
-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
+{1..7} {1..8} {1..9} {2..7} {2..8} {2..9} {3..7} {3..8} {3..9}
+{a..1} {a..2} {a..3} {b..1} {b..2} {b..3} {c..1} {c..2} {c..3}
+{a..1} {a..10} {b..1} {b..10} {c..1} {c..10}
+{a..1} {a..2} {a..3} {a..4} {c..1} {c..2} {c..3} {c..4}
+{1..4} {2..4} {3..4}
+{6..7} {6..8} {6..9}
+{abcde.f}
+X{..a}Z
+0{1..}2
+{a..1..5}
+x{1..a}0 x{1..a}1 x{1..a}2 y{1..a}0 y{1..a}1 y{1..a}2
{1..10.f}
{1..ff}
{1..10..ff}
echo {10..0..-2}
echo {-50..-0..5}
+# the outer sequence expression is invalid but the other brace expansions are ok
+# fixed post-bash-5.2
+
+echo {{1,2,3}..{7,8,9}}
+echo {{a..c}..{1..3}}
+echo {{a..c}..{1,10}}
+echo {{a,c}..{1..4}}
+
+echo {{1,2,3}..4}
+echo {6..{7,8,9}}
+
+# these are all invalid brace expansions
+
+echo {abcde.f}
+echo X{..a}Z
+echo 0{1..}2
+echo {a..1..5}
+echo {x,y}{1..a}{0,1,2}
+
# bad
echo {1..10.f}
echo {1..ff}
bash(1)
IMPLEMENTATION
- Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
NOTFOUND
./comsub2.tests: line 75: p: command not found
./comsub2.tests: line 75: p: command not found
-expand_aliases off
-expand_aliases off
+expand_aliases off
+expand_aliases off
outside:
./comsub2.tests: line 79: alias: p: not found
alias e='echo inside redefine'
-expand_aliases off
+expand_aliases off
1
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
2
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
outside:
./comsub2.tests: line 89: alias: p: not found
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
1
xx
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
2
xx
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
outside:
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
inside: 12 22 42
outside: 42 2
newlines
+++ /dev/null
-VAR='[[:alpha:]]'
-
-[[ $VAR =~ '[[:alpha:]]' ]] && echo match 1
-
-[[ a =~ '[[:alpha:]]' ]] || echo match 2
-
-[[ a =~ [[:alpha:]] ]] && echo match 3
-
-[[ a =~ $VAR ]] && echo match 4
-
-[[ a =~ "$VAR" ]] || echo match 5
-
-line=aab
-[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]] && echo match 6
-
-V="alphabet"
-[[ $V == alphabet ]] && echo yes 1
-[[ $V == "alphabet" ]] && echo yes 2
-[[ $V == 'alphabet' ]] && echo yes 3
-[[ $V =~ alphabet ]] && echo yes 4
-[[ $V =~ "alphabet" ]] && echo yes 5
-[[ $V =~ 'alphabet' ]] && echo yes 6
-
-DOG="Dog name - 01 - Wiggles"
-REPAT='([[:alpha:][:blank:]]*)- ([[:digit:]]*) - (.*)$'
-if [[ $DOG =~ ([[:alpha:][:blank:]]*)-\ ([[:digit:]]*)\ -\ (.*)$ ]]
-then
- echo Dog ${BASH_REMATCH[2]} is ${BASH_REMATCH[3]}
-fi
-if [[ $DOG =~ $REPAT ]]
-then
- echo Dog ${BASH_REMATCH[2]} is ${BASH_REMATCH[3]}
-fi
-
-[[ $REPAT =~ "$REPAT" ]] && echo rematch 1
-
-v="one two buckle my shoe"
-[[ ${v} =~ "one two" ]] && echo matches 7
-
-[[ ${v} =~ (one two) ]] && echo matches 8
-
-[[ ${v} =~ one\ two ]] && echo matches 9
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
+: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
+TMPF=$TMPDIR/cond-invalid-$RANDOM
+
+cond_invalid()
+{
+ local r;
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ line=$1 ; shift
+ lhs=$1 ; shift
+ rhs=$1 ; shift
+
+ [[ $lhs =~ $rhs ]] 2>"$TMPF"
+ r=$?
+ if [ ! -s "$TMPF" ]; then
+ echo "cond-regexp2.sub: $line: expected invalid regexp error output to stderr" >&2
+ fi
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ return $r;
+}
+
[[ "\\" =~ ["."] ]] && echo bad 1
[[ "\\" =~ "[.]" ]] && echo bad 2
-[[ "\\" =~ [\. ]] && echo bad 3
+cond_invalid $LINENO '\\' '[\.' && echo bad 3
[[ "\\" =~ [\.] ]] && echo bad 4
[[ "\\" =~ [\\] ]] || echo bad 5
-[[ x =~ [z-a] ]] && echo bad 6
+cond_invalid $LINENO x '[z-a]' && echo bad 6
-[[ x =~ [[:invalid:]abc] ]] && echo bad 7
+cond_invalid $LINENO x '[[:invalid:]abc]' && echo bad 7
exp='x\'
-[[ x =~ $exp ]] && echo bad 8
+cond_invalid $LINENO x "$exp" && echo bad 8
exp='a(xb'
-[[ x =~ $exp ]] && echo bad 9
+cond_invalid $LINENO x "$exp" && echo bad 9
[[ dog =~ [[=d=]].. ]] && echo ok 1
[[ d.. =~ [[=d=]]\.\. ]] && echo ok 2
match control-a 3
match control-a 4
match control-a 5
-./cond-regexp2.sub: line 18: [[: invalid regular expression `[\.': brackets ([ ]) not balanced
-./cond-regexp2.sub: line 24: [[: invalid regular expression `[z-a]': invalid character range
-./cond-regexp2.sub: line 26: [[: invalid regular expression `[[:invalid:]abc]': invalid character class
-./cond-regexp2.sub: line 29: [[: invalid regular expression `x\': trailing backslash (\)
-./cond-regexp2.sub: line 32: [[: invalid regular expression `a(xb': parentheses not balanced
ok 1
ok 2
ok 3
1
0
testb
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
1
1
1
reached OR-OR body
reached AND-AND group
reached OR-OR group
+./exec17.sub: line 26: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec: 127
+./exec17.sub: line 31: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec with output redirection
+./exec17.sub: line 36: exec: notthere: not found
+./exec17.sub: line 37: 4: Bad file descriptor
+./exec17.sub: line 40: .: Is a directory
+after failed redir stdout
+after failed redir stderr
+./exec17.sub: line 44: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec with input redirection
+./exec17.sub: line 50: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec: 127
+./exec17.sub: line 55: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec with output redirection
+./exec17.sub: line 60: exec: notthere: not found
+./exec17.sub: line 61: 4: Bad file descriptor
+./exec17.sub: line 64: .: Is a directory
+after failed redir stdout
+after failed redir stderr
+./exec17.sub: line 68: exec: notthere: not found
+after failed exec with input redirection
--- /dev/null
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# test behavior of redirections when the shell doesn't exit and exec gets a
+# program name to execute as an operand
+
+# set up a fixed path so we know notthere will not be found
+PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
+export PATH
+
+FN=/tmp/output-$$
+shopt -s execfail
+
+# make sure execfail works right, otherwise none of the rest matters
+exec notthere
+echo after failed exec: $?
+
+# basic redirection undoing if exec fails
+rm -f $FN
+exec notthere >$FN
+echo after failed exec with output redirection
+rm -f $FN
+
+# undo successful redirections if exec fails but does not exit the shell
+exec notthere 4>&2
+echo foo >&4
+
+# we should undo successful redirects if one of the redirections fails
+exec >$FN 2>.
+echo after failed redir stdout
+echo after failed redir stderr >&2
+
+exec notthere <<<'foo bar baz'
+echo after failed exec with input redirection
+
+# the command builtin should not make a difference here
+
+# make sure execfail works right, otherwise none of the rest matters
+command exec notthere
+echo after failed exec: $?
+
+# basic redirection undoing if exec fails
+rm -f $FN
+command exec notthere >$FN
+echo after failed exec with output redirection
+rm -f $FN
+
+# undo successful redirections if exec fails but does not exit the shell
+command exec notthere 4>&2
+echo foo >&4
+
+# we should undo successful redirects if one of the redirections fails
+command exec >$FN 2>.
+echo after failed redir stdout
+echo after failed redir stderr >&2
+
+command exec notthere <<<'foo bar baz'
+echo after failed exec with input redirection
# problems with set -e and inverting commands' return status
${THIS_SH} ./exec16.sub
+
+# test behavior of redirections when exec fails and does not exit the shell
+${THIS_SH} ./exec17.sub
? . .. .a .foo
*
bar
-extglob off
+extglob off
x
-extglob off
-extglob off
-extglob off
-extglob off
-extglob off
+extglob off
+extglob off
+extglob off
+extglob off
+extglob off
+++ /dev/null
-# @(#)precedence_test 1.0 91/07/24 Maarten Litmaath
-# test of relative precedences for `&&' and `||' operators
-
-echo "\`Say' echos its argument. Its return value is of no interest."
-case `echo -n` in
- '') Say () { echo -n "$*" ; } ;;
- *) Say () { echo "$*\c" ; } ;;
-esac
-
-echo "\`Truth' echos its argument and returns a TRUE result."
-Truth () {
- Say $1;
- return 0;
-}
-
-echo "\`False' echos its argument and returns a FALSE result."
-False () {
- Say $1;
- return 1;
-}
-
-echo ""
-
-cmd1='$open $test1 && $test2 $close || $test3'
-cmd2='$test1 || $open $test2 && $test3 $close'
-
-grouping_sh=
-grouping_C='( )'
-
-test3='Say 3'
-
-for i in 1 2
-do
- eval proto=\$cmd$i
-
- for test1 in 'Truth 1' 'False 1'
- do
- for test2 in 'Truth 2' 'False 2'
- do
- for precedence in sh C
- do
- eval set x \$grouping_$precedence
- shift
- open=${1-' '}
- close=${2-' '}
- eval cmd=\""$proto"\"
- Say "$cmd output="
- output=`eval "$cmd"`
- Say "$output"
- read correct || { echo 'Input fubar. Abort.' >&2; exit 1; }
- test "X$output" = "X$correct" || echo " correct=$correct"
- echo ''
- done
-
- echo ''
- done
- done
-done << EOF
-12
-12
-123
-123
-13
-13
-13
-13
-13
-1
-13
-1
-123
-123
-12
-12
-EOF
printf: usage: printf [-v var] format [arguments]
printf: usage: printf [-v var] format [arguments]
-./printf.tests: line 26: printf: -x: invalid option
+./printf.tests: line 44: printf: -x: invalid option
printf: usage: printf [-v var] format [arguments]
-./printf.tests: line 29: printf: `invalid-var': not a valid identifier
+./printf.tests: line 47: printf: `invalid-var': not a valid identifier
abc
-./printf.tests: line 30: printf: `invalid-var': not a valid identifier
+./printf.tests: line 48: printf: `invalid-var': not a valid identifier
10
one
one\ctwo
--\"abcd\"--
--\'abcd\'--
--a\x--
-./printf.tests: line 115: printf: missing hex digit for \x
+./printf.tests: line 133: printf: missing hex digit for \x
--\x--
----
----
26
26
26
-./printf.tests: line 239: printf: `%10': missing format character
-./printf.tests: line 240: printf: `M': invalid format character
-ab./printf.tests: line 243: printf: `y': invalid format character
-./printf.tests: line 246: printf: GNU: invalid number
+./printf.tests: line 257: printf: `%10': missing format character
+./printf.tests: line 258: printf: `M': invalid format character
+ab./printf.tests: line 261: printf: `y': invalid format character
+./printf.tests: line 264: printf: GNU: invalid number
0
-./printf.tests: line 247: printf: GNU: invalid number
+./printf.tests: line 265: printf: GNU: invalid number
0
-
(foo )(bar )
0.00
''
''
-./printf.tests: line 364: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
9223372036854775807
-./printf.tests: line 365: printf: -9223372036854775815: Result too large
-9223372036854775808
-./printf.tests: line 368: printf: +: invalid number
+./printf.tests: line 386: printf: +: invalid number
0
-./printf.tests: line 369: printf: z: invalid number
+./printf.tests: line 387: printf: z: invalid number
0
-./printf.tests: line 370: printf: : invalid number
+./printf.tests: line 388: printf: : invalid number
0
one
one\ctwo
0000000 340 262 207 040 040 040 055 055 055 012
000000a
[][]
-./printf7.sub: line 20: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
[]
-./printf7.sub: line 21: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 23: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
VAR=[]
-./printf7.sub: line 26: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
VAR=[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 32: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
[]
-./printf7.sub: line 33: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 35: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
VAR=[]
-./printf7.sub: line 38: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
VAR=[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 44: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
[]
-./printf7.sub: line 45: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 47: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
VAR=[]
-./printf7.sub: line 50: printf: 21474836470: Result too large
VAR=[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 56: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
[]
-./printf7.sub: line 57: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
[X]
-./printf7.sub: line 59: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
VAR=[]
-./printf7.sub: line 62: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
VAR=[X]
XY
-./printf7.sub: line 72: printf: 9223372036854775825: Result too large
XY
LC_ALL=C
LC_NUMERIC=C
+: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
+TMPF=$TMPDIR/printf-oflow-$RANDOM
+
+printf_overflow ()
+{
+ local r;
+
+ line=$1 ; shift
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ printf "$@" 2>$TMPF
+ r=$?
+ if [ ! -s "$TMPF" ]; then
+ echo "printf.tests: $line: expected overflow error output to stderr" >&2
+ fi
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ return $r
+}
+
# these should output error messages -- the format is required
printf
printf --
TOOBIG=9223372036854775825
TOOSMALL=-9223372036854775815
-printf '%d\n' "$TOOBIG"
-printf '%d\n' "$TOOSMALL"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '%d\n' "$TOOBIG"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '%d\n' "$TOOSMALL"
# arguments that are not completely converted generate warning messages
printf '%d\n' +
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
+: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
+TMPF=$TMPDIR/printf-oflow-$RANDOM
+
+printf_overflow ()
+{
+ local r;
+
+ line=$1 ; shift
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ printf "$@" 2>$TMPF
+ r=$?
+ if [ ! -s "$TMPF" ]; then
+ echo "printf7.sub: $line: expected overflow error output to stderr" >&2
+ fi
+ rm -f "$TMPF"
+ return $r
+}
+
# tests of integer overflow for field width and precision arguments
INT_MAX=$(getconf INT_MAX 2>/dev/null)
[ -z "$INT_MAX" ] && INT_MAX=2147483647 # assume 32 bits
-TOOBIG=$(( $INT_MAX * 10 ))
+TOOBIG=${INT_MAX}0 # effectively multiply by 10
-printf '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
-printf '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
-printf -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
-printf -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
TOOBIG=9223372036854775825
-printf '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
-printf '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
-printf -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
-printf -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
TOOBIG=$(( $INT_MAX * 10 ))
-printf '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
-printf '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
-printf -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
-printf -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
TOOBIG=9223372036854775825
-printf '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
-printf '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO '[%.*s]\n' "${TOOBIG}" X
-printf -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}"
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
-printf -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
+printf_overflow $LINENO -v VAR '[%.*s]' "${TOOBIG}" X
echo VAR="$VAR"
unset -v VAR
#printf "%.${TOOBIG}s\n" XY
printf -v VAR "%.${TOOBIG}s\n" XY
echo $VAR
-printf "%.${TOOBIG}Q\n" XY
+unset -v VAR
+printf_overflow $LINENO "%.${TOOBIG}Q\n" XY
else
[ "${SHELLOPTS+set}" = "set" ] && unset SHELLOPTS 2>/dev/null
fi
+# ditto for BASHOPTS, which is also readonly in bash
+if [ "${BASH_VERSION+set}" = "set" ]; then
+ export -n BASHOPTS # just make sure its not exported
+else
+ [ "${BASHOPTS+set}" = "set" ] && unset BASHOPTS 2>/dev/null
+fi
: ${THIS_SH:=../bash}
export THIS_SH
# unset BASH_ENV only if it is set
[ "${BASH_ENV+set}" = "set" ] && unset BASH_ENV
-# ditto for SHELLOPTS
-#[ "${SHELLOPTS+set}" = "set" ] && unset SHELLOPTS
+# can't reliably do it for SHELLOPTS; SHELLOPTS is readonly in bash
+if [ "${BASH_VERSION+set}" = "set" ]; then
+ export -n SHELLOPTS # just make sure its not exported
+ set +o posix
+ typeset -p SHELLOPTS
+else
+ [ "${SHELLOPTS+set}" = "set" ] && unset SHELLOPTS 2>/dev/null
+fi
+# ditto for BASHOPTS, which is also readonly in bash
+if [ "${BASH_VERSION+set}" = "set" ]; then
+ export -n BASHOPTS # just make sure its not exported
+else
+ [ "${BASHOPTS+set}" = "set" ] && unset BASHOPTS 2>/dev/null
+fi
: ${THIS_SH:=../bash}
export THIS_SH
shopt -u varredir_close
shopt -u xpg_echo
--
-array_expand_once off
-assoc_expand_once off
-autocd off
+array_expand_once off
+assoc_expand_once off
+autocd off
bash_source_fullpath off
-cdable_vars off
-checkhash off
-checkjobs off
-checkwinsize off
-compat31 off
-compat32 off
-compat40 off
-compat41 off
-compat42 off
-compat43 off
-compat44 off
-direxpand off
-dirspell off
-dotglob off
-execfail off
-extdebug off
-extglob off
-failglob off
-globstar off
-gnu_errfmt off
-histappend off
-histreedit off
-histverify off
-huponexit off
-inherit_errexit off
-lastpipe off
-lithist off
-localvar_inherit off
-localvar_unset off
-login_shell off
-mailwarn off
+cdable_vars off
+checkhash off
+checkjobs off
+checkwinsize off
+compat31 off
+compat32 off
+compat40 off
+compat41 off
+compat42 off
+compat43 off
+compat44 off
+direxpand off
+dirspell off
+dotglob off
+execfail off
+extdebug off
+extglob off
+failglob off
+globstar off
+gnu_errfmt off
+histappend off
+histreedit off
+histverify off
+huponexit off
+inherit_errexit off
+lastpipe off
+lithist off
+localvar_inherit off
+localvar_unset off
+login_shell off
+mailwarn off
no_empty_cmd_completion off
-nocaseglob off
-nocasematch off
+nocaseglob off
+nocasematch off
noexpand_translation off
-nullglob off
-progcomp_alias off
-restricted_shell off
-shift_verbose off
-varredir_close off
-xpg_echo off
+nullglob off
+progcomp_alias off
+restricted_shell off
+shift_verbose off
+varredir_close off
+xpg_echo off
--
set +o allexport
set -o braceexpand
--
./shopt.tests: line 106: shopt: xyz1: invalid shell option name
./shopt.tests: line 107: shopt: xyz1: invalid option name
-expand_aliases on
-expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
+expand_aliases on
declare -x v="t"
declare -- v
declare -x v
-ignoreeof on
-ignoreeof off
-ignoreeof on
+ignoreeof on
+ignoreeof off
+ignoreeof on
10
local -
match 1
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# varenv.sh
-#
-# Test the behavior of the shell with respect to variable and environment
-# assignments
-#
-expect()
-{
- echo expect "$@"
-}
-
-a=1
-b=2
-c=3
-d=4
-e=5
-f=6 g=7 h=8
-
-a=3 b=4 $CHMOD $MODE $FN
-
-# This should echo "3 4" according to Posix.2
-expect "3 4"
-echo $a $b
-
-set -k
-
-# Assignment statements made when no words are left affect the shell's
-# environment
-a=5 b=6 $CHMOD c=7 $MODE d=8 $FN e=9
-
-expect "5 6 7 8 9"
-echo $a $b $c $d $e
-
-$CHMOD f=7 $MODE g=8 $FN h=9
-expect "7 8 9"
-echo $f $g $h
-
-set +k
-
-# The temporary environment does not affect variable expansion, only the
-# environment given to the command
-
-export HOME=/usr/chet
-expect $HOME
-echo $HOME
-
-expect $HOME
-HOME=/a/b/c /bin/echo $HOME
-
-expect $HOME
-echo $HOME
-
-# This should echo /a/b/c
-expect /a/b/c
-HOME=/a/b/c printenv HOME
-
-set -k
-
-# This should echo $HOME 9, NOT /a/b/c 9
-
-expect "$HOME"
-HOME=/a/b/c /bin/echo $HOME c=9
-expect "$HOME 7"
-echo $HOME $c
-
-# I claim the next two echo calls should give identical output.
-# ksh agrees, the System V.3 sh does not
-
-expect "/a/b/c 9 /a/b/c"
-HOME=/a/b/c $ECHO a=$HOME c=9
-echo $HOME $c $a
-
-expect "/a/b/c 9 /a/b/c"
-HOME=/a/b/c a=$HOME c=9
-echo $HOME $c $a
-set +k
-
-# How do assignment statements affect subsequent assignments on the same
-# line?
-expect "/a/b/c /a/b/c"
-HOME=/a/b/c a=$HOME
-echo $HOME $a
-
-# The system V.3 sh does this wrong; the last echo should output "1 1",
-# but the system V.3 sh has it output "2 2". Posix.2 says the assignment
-# statements are processed left-to-right. bash and ksh output the right
-# thing
-c=1
-d=2
-expect "1 2"
-echo $c $d
-d=$c c=$d
-expect "1 1"
-echo $c $d
-
-# just for completeness
-unset d c
-expect unset
-echo ${d-unset}
-
-# no output
-export a
-a=bcde
-export a
-/bin/true 2>/dev/null
-
-func()
-{
- local YYZ
-
- YYZ="song by rush"
- echo $YYZ
- echo $A
-}
-
-YYZ="toronto airport"
-A="AVAR"
-echo $YYZ
-echo $A
-A=BVAR func
-echo $YYZ
-echo $A
-
-export A
-# Make sure expansion doesn't use assignment statements preceding a builtin
-A=ZVAR echo $A
-
-XPATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:.
-func2()
-{
- local z=yy
- local -a avar=( ${XPATH//: } )
- echo ${avar[@]}
- local
-}
-
-avar=42
-echo $avar
-func2
-echo $avar
-
-# try to set an attribute for an unset variable; make sure it persists
-# when the variable is assigned a value
-declare -i ivar
-
-ivar=10
-
-declare -p ivar
-unset ivar
-
-# export an unset variable, make sure it is not suddenly set, but make
-# sure the export attribute persists when the variable is assigned a
-# value
-export ivar
-echo ${ivar-unset}
-
-ivar=42
-declare -p ivar
-
-# make sure set [-+]o ignoreeof and $IGNOREEOF are reflected
-unset IGNOREEOF
-set +o ignoreeof
-set -o ignoreeof
-if [ "$IGNOREEOF" -ne 10 ]; then
- echo "./varenv.sh: set -o ignoreeof is not reflected in IGNOREEOF" >&2
-fi
-unset IGNOREEOF
-set +o ignoreeof
-
-# older versions of bash used to not reset RANDOM in subshells correctly
-[[ $RANDOM -eq $(echo $RANDOM) ]] && echo "RANDOM: problem with subshells"
-
-# make sure that shopt -o is reflected in $SHELLOPTS
-# first, get rid of things that might be set automatically via shell
-# variables
-set +o posix
-set +o ignoreeof
-set +o monitor
-echo $-
-echo ${SHELLOPTS}
-shopt -so physical
-echo $-
-echo ${SHELLOPTS}
-
-# and make sure it is readonly
-readonly -p | grep SHELLOPTS
-
-# This was an error in bash versions prior to bash-2.04. The `set -a'
-# should cause the assignment statement that's an argument to typeset
-# to create an exported variable
-unset FOOFOO
-FOOFOO=bar
-set -a
-typeset FOOFOO=abcde
-
-printenv FOOFOO
-
-# test out export behavior of variable assignments preceding builtins and
-# functions
-$THIS_SH ./varenv1.sub
-
-# more tests; bugs in bash up to version 2.05a
-$THIS_SH ./varenv2.sub
-
-# more tests; bugs in bash IFS scoping up through version 4.2
-$THIS_SH ./varenv3.sub
-
-# scoping problems with declare -g through bash-4.2
-${THIS_SH} ./varenv4.sub
-
-# more scoping and declaration problems with -g and arrays through bash-4.2
-${THIS_SH} ./varenv5.sub
-
-# variable scoping in the presence of nameref
-${THIS_SH} ./varenv6.sub
-
-# variable declaration problems with arrays and readonly local variables
-${THIS_SH} ./varenv7.sub
-
-# variable visibility problems with process substitution subshells in
-# redirections
-${THIS_SH} ./varenv8.sub
-
-# make sure variable scoping is done right
-tt() { typeset a=b;echo a=$a; };a=z;echo a=$a;tt;echo a=$a
/* Set the event hook so readline will call it after the signal handlers
finish executing, so if this interrupted character input we can get
quick response. */
+#if 1
if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER))
+#else
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER) || RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED))
+#endif
bashline_set_event_hook ();
#endif
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+#if defined (INCLUDE_UNUSED)
/* Copy VAR to a new data structure and return that structure. */
SHELL_VAR *
copy_variable (SHELL_VAR *var)
}
}
+#if defined (INCLUDE_UNUSED)
+void *
+copyvar (void *v)
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *new;
+ new = copy_variable ((SHELL_VAR *)v);
+ return new;
+}
+
+HASH_TABLE *
+copy_vartab (HASH_TABLE *table)
+{
+ HASH_TABLE *newtab;
+
+ newtab = table ? hash_copy (table, copyvar) : NULL;
+ return newtab;
+}
+
+HASH_TABLE *
+copy_temporary_env (void)
+{
+ return copy_vartab (temporary_env);
+}
+#endif
+
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Creating and manipulating the environment */
extern void merge_temporary_env (void);
extern void merge_function_temporary_env (void);
extern void flush_temporary_env (void);
+extern HASH_TABLE *copy_temporary_env (void);
extern void merge_builtin_env (void);
extern void kill_all_local_variables (void);
+extern HASH_TABLE *copy_vartab (HASH_TABLE *);
+
extern void set_var_read_only (char *);
extern void set_func_read_only (const char *);
extern void set_var_auto_export (char *);
/* version.c -- distribution and version numbers. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#endif
const char * const sccs_version = SCCSVERSION;
-const char * const bash_copyright = N_("Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.");
+const char * const bash_copyright = N_("Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.");
const char * const bash_license = N_("License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n");
/* If == 31, shell compatible with bash-3.1, == 32 with bash-3.2, and so on */
case 'u':
if (current_user.user_name == 0)
get_current_user_info ();
- temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (current_user.user_name, 0);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
goto add_string;
case 'h':
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
