From: Chet Ramey Date: Mon, 5 Oct 2020 22:18:34 +0000 (-0400) Subject: Bash-5.1-rc1 release X-Git-Tag: bash-5.1-rc1 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=5f2b5d79e0c0dd8f29e1d8e798675e33afbeda37;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git Bash-5.1-rc1 release --- diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index 2c1b632dd..2df8415ef 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,33 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc1, and +the previous version, bash-5.1-beta. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an inconsistency in the way HISTCMD is calculated when it's expanded + during a multi-line command. + +b. Modified the change to here-document expansion containing backslash-quoted + double quotes. + +c. Fixed a case where the shells's exit status could be greater than 255. + +d. Modified changed to process substitution so the executed command has its + stdin redirected from /dev/null if it was previously interactive and + reading commands from the terminal. + +2. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new contributed loadable builtin: asort. + +3. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that could cause an application with an application-specific + redisplay function to crash if the line data structures had not been + initialized. + +4. New Features in Readline + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.1-alpha. diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog index 7ce16461a..967d0cc4e 100644 --- a/CWRU/changelog +++ b/CWRU/changelog @@ -8977,3 +8977,79 @@ eval.c This protects against a command from PROMPT_COMMAND[n] unsetting the corresponding element of PROMPT_COMMAND. From a report from Koichi Murase + + 9/7 + --- +[bash-5.1-beta frozen] + + 9/8 + --- +lib/readline/display.c + - _rl_update_final: don't bother doing anything if the line structures + have not been initialized. Report and fix from gary@catalyst.net.nz + +variables.c + - get_histcmd: perform the same adjustment as in prompt_history_number; + make sure to subtract one if we're doing this while executing a + command that has already been saved to the history list. Inspired + by a report from L A Walsh + + 9/14 + ---- +aclocal.m4 + - BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET: fix typo in loop condition reported + by Andreas K. Hüttel + +syntax.h + - slashify_in_here_document: restore previous value that doesn't + include double quote, since it's only special in certain cases + +subst.c + - expand_word_internal: when processing backslash-double quote inside + a ${...} construct inside a here documemt, treat it the same as if + it were double-quoted, as posix says. Fixes report from + Andreas Schwab + + 9/15 + ---- +support/signames.c + - added a number of more esoteric signal names from AIX and Solaris + +parse.y + - report_syntax_error: make sure that the exit status is only set to + one of the special builtin exit statuses if we are really executing + a builtin here, not just if parse_and_execute_level > 0. Reported by + Rob Landley + +execute_cmd.c + - EX_BADSYNTAX: make sure that gets translated into EX_BADUSAGE (2) + - execute_simple_command: if a function returns a value greater than + EX_SHERRBASE, use builtin_status to translate it, as if a builtin + were being executed + - builtin_status: make sure a status > EX_SHERRBASE gets translated to + EXECUTION_FAILURE + + 9/21 + ---- +subst.c + - process_substitute: set up input from /dev/null (standard for an + asynchronous process) only if the shell is interactive and reading + input from the terminal. This allows scripts to use process + substitution to filter stdin. From a report from + Andreas Schwab + + 9/23 + ---- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - ENV: a couple of changes clarifying that it's only used when an + interactive shell is started in posix mode. Report from + Reuben Thomas + +examples/loadables/asort.c + - asort: loadable builtin to sort an array. Contributed by + Geir Hauge + + 10/1 + ---- + +[bash-5.1-beta frozen] diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index f9a7af3a4..bb1c0ac9c 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ examples/loadables/Makefile.in f examples/loadables/Makefile.inc.in f examples/loadables/necho.c f examples/loadables/hello.c f +examples/loadables/asort.c f examples/loadables/accept.c f examples/loadables/print.c f examples/loadables/realpath.c f @@ -1175,6 +1176,7 @@ tests/jobs3.sub f tests/jobs4.sub f tests/jobs5.sub f tests/jobs6.sub f +tests/jobs7.sub f tests/jobs.right f tests/lastpipe.right f tests/lastpipe.tests f diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 1d4212565..bc0eb40bf 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ tt. The `fg' and `bg' builtins now return an error in a command substitution uu. The shell now attempts to unlink all FIFOs on exit, whether a consuming process has finished with them or not. +vv. There is a new contributed loadable builtin: asort. + 2. New Features in Readline a. If a second consecutive completion attempt produces matches where the first diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4 index ba2446e3b..6899e8202 100644 --- a/aclocal.m4 +++ b/aclocal.m4 @@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ main(c, v) exit (255); /* crack s */ - for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++) + for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) * 8); i++) { n = (s >> i) & 0xff; if (n == 42) diff --git a/configure b/configure index b95b42dd9..b720796db 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh -# From configure.ac for Bash 5.1, version 5.021. +# From configure.ac for Bash 5.1, version 5.022. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 5.1-beta. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 5.1-rc1. # # Report bugs to . # @@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS= # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='5.1-beta' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.1-beta' +PACKAGE_VERSION='5.1-rc1' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.1-rc1' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' PACKAGE_URL='' @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 5.1-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 5.1-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.1-beta:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.1-rc1:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1693,7 +1693,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 5.1-beta +bash configure 5.1-rc1 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 5.1-beta, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 5.1-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was $ $0 $@ @@ -2800,7 +2800,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=5.1 -RELSTATUS=beta +RELSTATUS=rc1 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -18296,7 +18296,7 @@ main(c, v) exit (255); /* crack s */ - for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++) + for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) * 8); i++) { n = (s >> i) & 0xff; if (n == 42) @@ -21057,7 +21057,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.1-beta, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.1-rc1, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -21123,7 +21123,7 @@ _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`" ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 5.1-beta +bash config.status 5.1-rc1 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 4e96e4916..fd3c731cf 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . -AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.1, version 5.021])dnl +AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.1, version 5.022])dnl define(bashvers, 5.1) -define(relstatus, beta) +define(relstatus, rc1) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 9c558ae1f..dc7d1b5a5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1131,8 +1131,8 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in _p_o_s_i_x - _m_o_d_e. + EENNVV Expanded and executed similarly to BBAASSHH__EENNVV (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN + above) when an interactive shell is invoked in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search @@ -6401,4 +6401,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.1 2020 August 25 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.1 2020 September 23 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 0f4e37f99..6a75e4776 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Tue Aug 25 09:58:55 EDT 2020 +.\" Last Change: Wed Sep 23 09:28:31 EDT 2020 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2020 August 25" "GNU Bash 5.1" +.TH BASH 1 "2020 September 23" "GNU Bash 5.1" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -2136,10 +2136,11 @@ it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. .TP .B ENV -Similar to +Expanded and executed similarly to .SM -.BR BASH_ENV ; -used when the shell is invoked in \fIposix mode\fP. +.B BASH_ENV +(see \fBINVOCATION\fP above) +when an interactive shell is invoked in \fIposix mode\fP. .TP .B EXECIGNORE A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see \fBPattern Matching\fP) diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index f3ca72958..95075682e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2020 August 25BASH(1) +BASH(1)2020 September 23BASH(1)

Index @@ -2708,11 +2708,12 @@ line editing.
ENV
-Similar to -BASH_ENV; +Expanded and executed similarly to +BASH_ENV -used when the shell is invoked in posix mode. +(see INVOCATION above) +when an interactive shell is invoked in posix mode.
EXECIGNORE
@@ -14252,7 +14253,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 5.12020 August 25BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.12020 September 23BASH(1)
@@ -14359,6 +14360,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 07 September 2020 09:52:27 EDT +Time: 01 October 2020 14:49:34 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index ea49e09d0..2a0fa2730 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.1, 25 August 2020). +Bash shell (version 5.1, 23 September 2020). - This is Edition 5.1, last updated 25 August 2020, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.1, last updated 23 September 2020, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.1, 25 August 2020). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.1, 23 September 2020). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.1, last updated 25 August 2020, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.1, last updated 23 September 2020, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -5130,8 +5130,9 @@ Variables::). Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. 'ENV' - Similar to 'BASH_ENV'; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX Mode - (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). + Expanded and executed similarlty to 'BASH_ENV' (*note Bash Startup + Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note + Bash POSIX Mode::). 'EPOCHREALTIME' Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of @@ -11482,65 +11483,65 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) * ENV: Bash Variables. (line 279) -* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 283) -* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 291) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 298) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 302) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 284) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 292) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 299) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 315) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 319) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 325) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 342) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 347) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 354) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 360) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 375) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 381) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 397) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 401) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 412) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 316) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 326) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 343) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 348) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 355) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 361) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 376) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 382) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 398) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 402) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 413) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 432) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 439) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 433) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 440) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 447) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 458) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 461) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 448) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 459) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 462) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 464) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 465) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 189) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 474) -* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 478) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 475) +* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 479) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 197) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 204) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 484) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 488) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 492) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 499) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 485) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 489) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 493) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 15) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 504) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 508) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 512) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 516) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 521) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 527) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 505) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 509) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 513) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 517) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 522) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 528) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 531) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 532) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 539) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 540) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 234) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11551,43 +11552,43 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 251) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 189) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 543) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 544) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 546) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 547) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 550) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 551) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 256) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 262) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 553) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 558) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 568) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 572) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 578) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 554) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 559) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 569) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 573) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 579) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 585) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 589) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 594) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 602) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 605) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 611) -* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 615) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 621) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 625) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 590) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 595) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 603) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 606) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 612) +* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 616) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 622) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 626) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 272) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 628) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 637) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 642) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 651) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 629) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 638) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 643) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 652) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 278) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11596,13 +11597,13 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 293) * skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 299) -* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 656) +* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 657) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 15) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 15) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 665) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 703) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 715) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 719) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 666) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 704) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 716) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 720) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 312) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11979,137 +11980,137 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top893 -Node: Introduction2809 -Node: What is Bash?3025 -Node: What is a shell?4139 -Node: Definitions6677 -Node: Basic Shell Features9628 -Node: Shell Syntax10847 -Node: Shell Operation11873 -Node: Quoting13166 -Node: Escape Character14466 -Node: Single Quotes14951 -Node: Double Quotes15299 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16577 -Node: Locale Translation17836 -Node: Comments18989 -Node: Shell Commands19607 -Node: Reserved Words20545 -Node: Simple Commands21301 -Node: Pipelines21955 -Node: Lists24887 -Node: Compound Commands26678 -Node: Looping Constructs27690 -Node: Conditional Constructs30185 -Node: Command Grouping41756 -Node: Coprocesses43235 -Node: GNU Parallel45138 -Node: Shell Functions49439 -Node: Shell Parameters56646 -Node: Positional Parameters61059 -Node: Special Parameters61959 -Node: Shell Expansions65183 -Node: Brace Expansion67306 -Node: Tilde Expansion70029 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion72646 -Node: Command Substitution87775 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion89130 -Node: Process Substitution90062 -Node: Word Splitting91182 -Node: Filename Expansion93126 -Node: Pattern Matching95675 -Node: Quote Removal99661 -Node: Redirections99956 -Node: Executing Commands109526 -Node: Simple Command Expansion110196 -Node: Command Search and Execution112150 -Node: Command Execution Environment114526 -Node: Environment117510 -Node: Exit Status119169 -Node: Signals120839 -Node: Shell Scripts122806 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands125818 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins127856 -Node: Bash Builtins148785 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior178720 -Node: The Set Builtin179065 -Node: The Shopt Builtin189478 -Node: Special Builtins204388 -Node: Shell Variables205367 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables205804 -Node: Bash Variables207908 -Node: Bash Features240478 -Node: Invoking Bash241491 -Node: Bash Startup Files247504 -Node: Interactive Shells252607 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?253017 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?253666 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior254481 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions257995 -Node: Shell Arithmetic262572 -Node: Aliases265512 -Node: Arrays268132 -Node: The Directory Stack274141 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins274925 -Node: Controlling the Prompt277893 -Node: The Restricted Shell280843 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode283437 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode294473 -Node: Job Control301129 -Node: Job Control Basics301589 -Node: Job Control Builtins306585 -Node: Job Control Variables311985 -Node: Command Line Editing313141 -Node: Introduction and Notation314812 -Node: Readline Interaction316435 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials317626 -Node: Readline Movement Commands319409 -Node: Readline Killing Commands320369 -Node: Readline Arguments322287 -Node: Searching323331 -Node: Readline Init File325517 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax326776 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs347315 -Node: Sample Init File351511 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands354635 -Node: Commands For Moving355839 -Node: Commands For History357890 -Node: Commands For Text362683 -Node: Commands For Killing366332 -Node: Numeric Arguments369365 -Node: Commands For Completion370504 -Node: Keyboard Macros374695 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands375382 -Node: Readline vi Mode381066 -Node: Programmable Completion381973 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins389753 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example400448 -Node: Using History Interactively405695 -Node: Bash History Facilities406379 -Node: Bash History Builtins409384 -Node: History Interaction414113 -Node: Event Designators417733 -Node: Word Designators419087 -Node: Modifiers420847 -Node: Installing Bash422658 -Node: Basic Installation423795 -Node: Compilers and Options427053 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures427794 -Node: Installation Names429487 -Node: Specifying the System Type430305 -Node: Sharing Defaults431021 -Node: Operation Controls431694 -Node: Optional Features432652 -Node: Reporting Bugs443170 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell444364 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License461216 -Node: Indexes486393 -Node: Builtin Index486847 -Node: Reserved Word Index493674 -Node: Variable Index496122 -Node: Function Index512019 -Node: Concept Index525529 +Node: Top899 +Node: Introduction2821 +Node: What is Bash?3037 +Node: What is a shell?4151 +Node: Definitions6689 +Node: Basic Shell Features9640 +Node: Shell Syntax10859 +Node: Shell Operation11885 +Node: Quoting13178 +Node: Escape Character14478 +Node: Single Quotes14963 +Node: Double Quotes15311 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16589 +Node: Locale Translation17848 +Node: Comments19001 +Node: Shell Commands19619 +Node: Reserved Words20557 +Node: Simple Commands21313 +Node: Pipelines21967 +Node: Lists24899 +Node: Compound Commands26690 +Node: Looping Constructs27702 +Node: Conditional Constructs30197 +Node: Command Grouping41768 +Node: Coprocesses43247 +Node: GNU Parallel45150 +Node: Shell Functions49451 +Node: Shell Parameters56658 +Node: 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An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 -(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 324 S .441(alid v) --3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 +3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 +(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 324 S .442(alid v) +-3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 (HISTIGNORE)144 336 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F (tested, and are added to the history re)144 348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) A F1(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F0 .181 (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) +-.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 -1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -408 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 420 S .124(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) -.25 F 2.624(,t)-.65 G 2.624(oc)-2.624 G .125 +1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 +408 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 420 S .125(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) +.25 F 2.625(,t)-.65 G 2.624(oc)-2.625 G .124 (ontain no more than that number of lines by re-)-2.624 F(mo)144 432 Q -.066(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .065(The history \214le is also tr\ -uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.066 F -.15(ex)144 -444 S 2.927(its. If).15 F .427(the v)2.927 F .428 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .428 -(Non-numeric v)5.428 F .428(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 456 S +.065(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .066(The history \214le is also tr\ +uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.065 F -.15(ex)144 +444 S 2.928(its. If).15 F .428(the v)2.928 F .428 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .427 +(Non-numeric v)5.427 F .427(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 456 S .152(lues less than zero inhibit truncation.).25 F .152 (The shell sets the def)5.152 F .152(ault v)-.1 F .152(alue to the v) --.25 F .151(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.651 E F0(after reading an)144 +-.25 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.652 E F0(after reading an)144 468 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 480 Q F0 -2.657(Ac)144 492 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G -2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 504 R .708 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 516 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 -(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 +2.658(Ac)144 492 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G +2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 504 R .707 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 +(\(no implicit `)144 516 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 +(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 528 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F @@ -2198,31 +2201,31 @@ F1(&)A F0(')A 1.44(matches the pre)144 540 R 1.44(vious history line.) F 1.45(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)6.45 F 1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 564 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E F4(.)A F0 +(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F4(.)A F0 (The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 576 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 588 Q F0 1.387 (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 600 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 612 S .412(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 612 S .413(lue is 0, commands are not sa) .25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.913(di).15 G 2.913(nt)-2.913 G .413 -(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .413 -(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .344 -(ery command being sa)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.844(do).15 G 2.844(nt) --2.844 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.844 F .343 -(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .343(ault v)-.1 F .343(alue to)-.25 F +(he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .412 +(alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .343 +(ery command being sa)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.843(do).15 G 2.843(nt) +-2.843 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.843 F .344 +(The shell sets the def)5.343 F .344(ault v)-.1 F .344(alue to)-.25 F (500 after reading an)144 636 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 648 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 660 R .951 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 -(\(3\) to print the)B .673 +(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 648 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 660 R .952 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 672 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) -3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 684 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 696 Q -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(16)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(16)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2237,65 +2240,65 @@ SF(HOME)108 84 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 +(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .55 (needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 -(alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 -(bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 -.518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 +(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 +(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 +(bash)3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 +.517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 (is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) -144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 +144 204 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E +F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 (xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) .1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 (Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) 144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 (on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 .261(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) -2.761 G(adline).18 E F0 .261(startup \214le, o)2.761 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.26(rriding the def).15 F .26(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)4.426 E(c)-.37 -E F0(\(see)4.426 E F3(READLINE)2.76 E F0(be-)2.51 E(lo)144 312 Q(w\).) --.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .033(If this v)144 336 R -.033(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .033 -(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.534 E F0 .034 -(assumes that it is running in-)2.534 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 348 Q +(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 .26(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) +2.76 G(adline).18 E F0 .26(startup \214le, o)2.76 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rriding the def).15 F .261(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)4.427 E(c)-.37 E +F0(\(see)4.427 E F3(READLINE)2.761 E F0(be-)2.511 E(lo)144 312 Q(w\).) +-.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .034(If this v)144 336 R +.034(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .034 +(vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 +(assumes that it is running in-)2.533 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 348 Q (uf)-.2 E(fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 360 Q F0 1.24 +(alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 360 Q F0 1.239 (Used to determine the locale cate)144 360 R 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F -3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 372 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 384 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 396 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(starting with)144 372 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 384 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 396 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 408 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 420 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 432 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 408 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 420 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 432 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 444 R 1.464 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 444 R 1.465 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 468 Q F0 -1.936(This v)144 480 R 1.936 +1.935(This v)144 480 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 492 Q +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 492 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 504 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 516 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2303,23 +2306,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 552 Q F0(This v) 144 564 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 576 Q F0 -.054(Used by the)144 576 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 588 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +.055(Used by the)144 576 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 588 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 600 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 612 Q F0 .421 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 612 Q F0 .422 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 612 -R F3(MAILP)2.922 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.672 G .422 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.922 E F0(in-)2.922 E +R F3(MAILP)2.921 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.671 G .421 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.921 E F0(in-)2.921 E (forms the user of the arri)144 624 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 636 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 648 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 636 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 648 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 660 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 660 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 672 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 684 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 696 S .49 @@ -2330,7 +2333,7 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 684 Q with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 720 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2344,38 +2347,38 @@ SF(MAILP)144 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 108 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 120 Q F0 .389 -(If set to the v)144 132 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .36 -(SHELL B)144 144 R(UIL)-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.36 E F0 .359 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 120 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 132 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .359 +(SHELL B)144 144 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E +(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 168 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 168 R .588 +.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 168 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 168 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 180 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 180 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 192 S -.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 204 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 204 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF (/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)2.5 E(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin) -144 228 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 240 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v) -144 252 R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 +144 228 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 240 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v) +144 252 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 (bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 264 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 276 Q F1(bash) -4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F4 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F4 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C 4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F3 1.997 -(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) .15 E(When the shell enters)144 288 Q F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E (as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 300 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 .155 @@ -2397,41 +2400,41 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 408 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 420 Q F0 .065(The v)144 420 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 420 Q F0 .064(The v)144 420 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 432 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 444 Q F0 .117(The v)144 444 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 456 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 468 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 468 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 444 Q F0 .118(The v)144 444 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 456 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 468 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 468 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 480 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 492 Q F0 .1 -(The v)144 492 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 504 Q F0 .335 -(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 480 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 492 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 492 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 504 Q F0 .334 +(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 516 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 -(SHELL)108 528 Q F0 .542(This v)144 540 R .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542 -(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .543 -(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.043 E F0 +(SHELL)108 528 Q F0 .543(This v)144 540 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543 +(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542 +(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 552 Q 2.5(sl) --.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 564 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v) +-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 564 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v) 144 576 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 588 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 588 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 (an escape sequence that is e)144 600 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 612 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 630 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 630 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 642 Q F4(p)A F1 @@ -2442,28 +2445,28 @@ F1(%[)144 666 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 678 Q .87 (The optional)144 694.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 706.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 718.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 730.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E -(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 706.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 718.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 730.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 +E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .668(The optional) -144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.168 E F0 .668 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .667(The optional) +144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F0 .668 (speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.167 -(s. The)B -.25(va)3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 96 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 112.8 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.168 +(s. The)B -.25(va)3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 96 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 112.8 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 124.8 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2472,206 +2475,206 @@ E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 148.8 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 160.8 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def) 3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 --.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 172.8 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 184.8 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 +-.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 172.8 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 184.8 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 196.8 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 208.8 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 220.8 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 232.8 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 244.8 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 256.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -268.8 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 280.8 R +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 220.8 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 232.8 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 244.8 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 256.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 268.8 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 280.8 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 292.8 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -304.8 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 316.8 Q 1.133 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 292.8 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +304.8 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 316.8 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .605 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 328.8 R .606(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F2(substring)3.446 E F0 3.106(,t).22 G .606 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.106 F .885 +-.15 F F2(substring)3.445 E F0 3.105(,t).22 G .605 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 340.8 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 352.8 Q F1(%?)3.333 E -F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 352.8 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 364.8 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 376.8 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 388.8 Q F0 .545(The tw)144 400.8 R 3.045(oo)-.1 G -3.045(rt)-3.045 G .545(hree characters which control history e)-3.045 F -.546(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .546(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.046 E -(OR)-.162 E 2.796(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.796 E -.666(PA)144 412.8 S(NSION).666 -E F0(belo)2.988 E 3.238(w\). The)-.25 F .738(\214rst character is the) -3.238 F F2 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.237 E -3.237(,t)-.4 G .737(he character which sig-)-3.237 F .76 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 376.8 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 388.8 Q F0 .546(The tw)144 400.8 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G +3.046(rt)-3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F +.545(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E +(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 412.8 S(NSION).666 +E F0(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the) +3.237 F F2 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.238 E +3.238(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .761 (nals the start of a history e)144 424.8 R .761(xpansion, normally `) --.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .761(second character is the)3.261 F F2 -(quic)3.261 E 3.261(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.261 E F0(character)144 436.8 -Q 3.477(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre) --3.477 F .976(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .13 -(one string for another in the command.)144 448.8 R .131(The def)5.13 F -.131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.631('. The)B .131 -(optional third character is the char)2.631 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which \ -indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the\ - \214rst character)144 460.8 R .459(of a w)144 472.8 R .459 +-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .76(second character is the)3.261 F F2 +(quic)3.26 E 3.26(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.26 E F0(character)144 436.8 Q +3.476(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre) +-3.476 F .977(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .131 +(one string for another in the command.)144 448.8 R .131(The def)5.131 F +.131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.63('. The)B .13 +(optional third character is the char)2.63 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which i\ +ndicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \ +\214rst character)144 460.8 R .46(of a w)144 472.8 R .46 (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 (history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped) -2.959 F .467(for the remaining w)144 484.8 R .467(ords on the line.)-.1 -F .466(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) +2.959 F .466(for the remaining w)144 484.8 R .466(ords on the line.)-.1 +F .467(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) 5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 496.8 Q F1(Arrays)87 513.6 Q(Bash) -108 525.6 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 +108 525.6 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 537.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 549.6 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 561.6 R +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 549.6 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 561.6 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 573.6 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 590.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F2(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 602.4 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A -F0 5.507(.T)C(he)-5.507 E F2(subscript)3.347 E F0 .507 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 590.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 602.4 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A +F0 5.506(.T)C(he)-5.506 E F2(subscript)3.346 E F0 .507 (is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.506(.T)-.55 G 3.006(oe) --6.306 G(x-)-3.156 E 1.192(plicitly declare an inde)108 614.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.692(da).15 G(rray)-3.692 E 3.692(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.692 E F1 -(declar)3.692 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F2(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) -3.693 E F3 1.193(SHELL B)3.693 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.193(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F -F0(belo)3.443 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.193 E(clar)108 626.4 Q 2.5<65ad> +-.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.507(.T)-.55 G 3.007(oe) +-6.307 G(x-)-3.157 E 1.193(plicitly declare an inde)108 614.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.693(da).15 G(rray)-3.693 E 3.693(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.693 E F1 +(declar)3.693 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F2(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) +3.692 E F3 1.192(SHELL B)3.692 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.192(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F +F0(belo)3.442 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.192 E(clar)108 626.4 Q 2.5<65ad> -.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 (is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E (Associati)108 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -660 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 --.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 672 Q(.) --.65 E 1.647 +660 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 +-.18(re)3.441 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.441 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 672 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 688.8 R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F2(value)108 700.8 Q F0 .212(may be of the form [)2.712 F F2 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F2(value)108 700.8 Q F0 .211(may be of the form [)2.711 F F2 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.711(da).15 G .211(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .211 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)2.711 E F0(.)A(Each)108 712.8 Q F2 -(value)2.529 E F0 .029(in the list is e)2.529 F .029 +G 2.711(da).15 G .212(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .212 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)2.712 E F0(.)A(Each)108 712.8 Q F2 +(value)2.53 E F0 .029(in the list is e)2.529 F .029 (xpanded using all the shell e)-.15 F .029(xpansions described belo)-.15 F 2.529(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.529 E F3(EXP)2.529 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(When)4.53 E .996(assigning to inde)108 724.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.496(da).15 G .996(rrays, if the optional brack)-3.496 F -.996(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.495(xi)-.15 G -3.495(sa)-3.495 G .995(ssigned to;)-3.495 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(19)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(When)4.529 E .995(assigning to inde)108 724.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.495(da).15 G .995(rrays, if the optional brack)-3.495 F +.996(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.496(xi)-.15 G +3.496(sa)-3.496 G .996(ssigned to;)-3.496 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(19)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .416 -(otherwise the inde)108 84 R 2.916(xo)-.15 G 2.916(ft)-2.916 G .417 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.916 F 2.917(xa)-.15 G .417 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.917 F(Inde)5.417 E(x-)-.15 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .417 +(otherwise the inde)108 84 R 2.917(xo)-.15 G 2.917(ft)-2.917 G .417 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.917 F 2.917(xa)-.15 G .416 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.917 F(Inde)5.416 E(x-)-.15 E (ing starts at zero.)108 96 Q 1.288(When assigning to an associati)108 112.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w) -3.788 F 1.288(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment) -.1 F .608 (statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108 124.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 -E 1.957(nating k)108 136.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.457(sa).15 G 1.957(nd v) --4.457 F(alues:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.457 E F0(=)A/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A F1 -.1(ke)4.457 G 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey) +E 1.956(nating k)108 136.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.456(sa).15 G 1.956(nd v) +-4.456 F(alues:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.456 E F0(=)A/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()A F1 -.1(ke)4.456 G 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey) -.1 G 4.457(2v).3 G(alue2)-4.457 E F0(...)4.457 E F2(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C -1.956(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F1(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F2 +1.957(hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F1(name)4.457 E F0(=)A F2 (\()A F0([)108 148.8 Q F1 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value1)A F0([) -3.132 E F1 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value2)A F0(...)3.132 E F2(\))A -F0 5.632(.T)C .632(he \214rst w)-5.632 F .633 -(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 3.133(wt)-.25 G .633 -(he remaining w)-3.133 F .633(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .154 +3.133 E F1 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F1(value2)A F0(...)3.133 E F2(\))A +F0 5.633(.T)C .633(he \214rst w)-5.633 F .633 +(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 F 3.132(wt)-.25 G .632 +(he remaining w)-3.132 F .632(ords are inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .153 (preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 160.8 R -.153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k) --.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F +.154(When using k)5.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .154(alue pairs, the k) +-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.654(sm).15 G .154(ay not be)-2.654 F (missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 172.8 Q(alue is treated lik) --.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 189.6 R F2(declar)2.739 E(e) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 +-.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 189.6 R F2(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108 201.6 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 213.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 225.6 Q F1(name)2.677 E F0 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 --.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 213.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 225.6 Q F1(name)2.676 E F0 2.676(,s)C 2.676(on)-2.676 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-2.676 H(ti).15 E .476 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 -(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676 -G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 237.6 Q(An)108 254.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 +(nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.677(xo)-.15 G 2.677<66ad>-2.677 G 2.677(1r)-2.677 +G .177(eferences the last el-)-2.677 F(ement.)108 237.6 Q(An)108 254.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 266.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F2(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 278.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 290.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 278.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 290.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 302.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 +1.375(of the)108 302.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 (there are no array members, ${)108 314.4 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 326.4 R .759 +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 326.4 R .759 (ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 338.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 350.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 350.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 362.4 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 374.4 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 374.4 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 386.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 386.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 398.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2682,70 +2685,70 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 444 Q (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 460.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 472.8 S .749 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 460.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 472.8 S .75 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 484.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 501.6 Q F2(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 513.6 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 513.6 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 (or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) -2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205 -(scribed abo)108 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F1 -(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 537.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204 +(scribed abo)108 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.205 E F1 +(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 537.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .028(When using a v)108 554.4 R .028 -(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .029 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.529 E F0 2.529(,w)C -.029(ithout us-)-2.529 F .938(ing the w)108 566.4 R .938(ord e)-.1 F -.938(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G -.937(he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 578.4 Q +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .029(When using a v)108 554.4 R .029 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C +.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 566.4 R .937(ord e)-.1 F +.937(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G +.937(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 578.4 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 595.2 Q F2(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.683 E F0 -2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F2 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G +(The)108 595.2 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0 +2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .184(iltins each accept a).2 F F22.684 E F0 .184 -(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 -(rray and a)-2.684 F F22.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 +(rray and a)-2.683 F F22.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 (tion to specify an associati)108 607.2 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) -2.541 F F22.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 -F .863(cepts a)108 619.2 R F23.363 E F0 .864 -(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.864 E F2(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F2(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 +F .864(cepts a)108 619.2 R F23.364 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 631.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 648 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\ ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 660 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 672 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 672 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) 2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) 2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2 (command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 684 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 700.8 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 -F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F -.418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 712.8 -S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 -F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E -(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 700.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 712.8 +S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 +E(20)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2754,26 +2757,26 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 84 R .257 (xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(pr)2.757 E .257(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256 +(pr)2.757 E .257(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257 (his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E (formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 96 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 112.8 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 112.8 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 141.6 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 141.6 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 153.6 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 153.6 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 (ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 165.6 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -($@)A F0 3.196("a)C .696(nd ")-3.196 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 165.6 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +($@)A F0 3.195("a)C .695(nd ")-3.195 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696(", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E -F1(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 +F1(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 E(RAMETERS)108 177.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 194.4 Q F1(Br)108.58 206.4 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F @@ -2781,62 +2784,62 @@ E(RAMETERS)108 177.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 230.4 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 230.4 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 242.4 R -.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G -.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 254.4 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 266.4 Q .719(Brace e)108 283.2 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 242.4 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G +.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ +ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ + resulting string, e)108 254.4 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +266.4 Q .718(Brace e)108 283.2 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 295.2 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 312 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 324 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) +108 312 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 324 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -336 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 348 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 -E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +336 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 348 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 +E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 360 R 6.143 (.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) -.15 E -.15(ex)108 372 S 1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064 (xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 -(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .244 -(that both)108 384 R F1(x)2.744 E F0(and)2.744 E F1(y)2.744 E F0 .244 -(must be of the same type.)2.744 F .245 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .245 +(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .245 +(that both)108 384 R F1(x)2.745 E F0(and)2.745 E F1(y)2.745 E F0 .245 +(must be of the same type.)2.745 F .244 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .244 (ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 396 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 -412.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 424.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 436.8 Q +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +412.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 424.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 436.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 453.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\ +-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 453.6 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 465.6 R .458 + one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 465.6 R .458 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.) --.15 F(A)108 477.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 -F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 477.6 Q F2({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(,)2.521 E F0 .021 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 (con\215icts with parameter e)108 489.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F .172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 501.6 Q @@ -2849,38 +2852,38 @@ gs to be generated is)108 518.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 530.4 Q .3 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 588 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 600 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 612 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 600 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 612 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 624 Q F0 .515 -(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 624 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 (If strict compatibility with)108 636 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 648 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 664.8 S(lde Expansion) -.18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 676.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F 1.087 -(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 +.18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 676.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F 1.086 +(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 688.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 700.8 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 712.8 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 700.8 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 712.8 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 724.8 Q F4 -(.)A F0(If)6.736 E F3(HOME)4.736 E F0 2.236 +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 724.8 Q F4 +(.)A F0(If)6.735 E F3(HOME)4.735 E F0 2.236 (is unset, the home directory of the user e)4.486 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.236 (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2888,132 +2891,132 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Otherwise, the ti\ lde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated with the sp\ -eci\214ed login name.)108 84 Q .092 +eci\214ed login name.)108 84 Q .093 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 100.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PWD) -2.592 E F0 .092(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is)5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 112.8 S .904 -(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E +2.592 E F0 .092(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is)5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 112.8 S .903 +(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(OLDPWD)3.404 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .904 -(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F .879 +(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 (tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 124.8 R/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)3.379 E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x) --3.379 F .88(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F -.138(placed with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as\ - it w)108 136.8 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu)2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 148.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F -2.838(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)3.38 E F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F +.879(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(pla\ +ced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 +136.8 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dirs) +2.639 E F0 -.2(bu)2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 148.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 2.839(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838 +(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F (of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 160.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 177.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) -.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 (Each v)108 194.4 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F4(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F4(=) -2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 206.4 R -.467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) --.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F +2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 206.4 R +.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) +-.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F (ments to)108 218.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F2(,)A F1(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F2(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F2(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) --.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 235.2 R .024 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 247.2 Q .769 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F2(\))A F0 -.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 235.2 R .023 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 247.2 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F2(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F -.15(ex)108 259.2 S(cept for the).15 E F3(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F3 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F4 -.1(Pa)87 276 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .2 -(The `)108 288 R F4($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) -108 300 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) --.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect) --2.814 E .415(the v)108 312 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F4 -.1(Pa)87 276 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 +.199(The `)108 288 R F4($)A F0 2.699('c)C .199 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 +300 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 +F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)-2.813 E +.414(the v)108 312 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 324 -Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -340.8 R F4(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F .822(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -352.8 R .821(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-) --.15 E(pansion.)108 364.8 Q(${)108 381.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -.106(The v)144 393.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 -F F3(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 405.6 R F3(par)3.861 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 +Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 340.8 R F4(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 352.8 R .822 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(pansion.)108 364.8 Q(${)108 381.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106 +(The v)144 393.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F +F3(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 405.6 R F3(par)3.86 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 (interpreted as part of its name.)144 417.6 R(The)5.208 E F3(par)2.708 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F4 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 429.6 Q F0 2.5 (\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F4(Arrays)A -F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 446.4 R F3(par)2.846 E +F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 446.4 R F3(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F4(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F3(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F3(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 458.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 -(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F4(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +2.846 F F3(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 458.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F4(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F3(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 -(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F3(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 470.4 Q -F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F -.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 -(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 482.4 Q F3(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 -(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 494.4 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F3(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 470.4 Q +F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 482.4 Q F3(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F3(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 494.4 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 (name of the parameter referenced by)108 506.4 R F3(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 518.4 R .387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 518.4 R .387 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F4(!)A F3(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F4(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F4(!)A F3 -(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 530.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) -2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 547.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F3(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 559.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 +F(and arithmetic e)108 559.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 (When not performing substring e)108 576 R .067 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F4(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F4(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F4(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F4(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 (tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 588 Q(Omitt\ ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 604.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4<3aad>A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F4 .722(Use Default V)144 616.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 -E F3(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F -.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 628.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3 +A F4 .723(Use Default V)144 616.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F3(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 628.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 640.8 Q F3 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:=)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 .812 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:=)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 .811 (Assign Default V)144 652.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F3 (par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 (xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 -F F3(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 664.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 -(he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 -(is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 +F F3(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 664.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742 +(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 +(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F (ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 676.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 688.8 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F4(:?)A F3(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F4 .535(Display Err)144 700.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F3(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 712.8 R -.012(fect if)-.25 F F3(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 712.8 R +.013(fect if)-.25 F F3(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F (teracti)144 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E -(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(is substituted.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E +(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3036,106 +3039,106 @@ F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F2(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F2(*) 2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E -(sociati)144 168 Q 1.577 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.277 +(sociati)144 168 Q 1.578 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.278 (rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F -5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.278(is omitted, e) -3.778 F 1.278(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 180 R -.043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of)2.542 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 +5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.277(is omitted, e) +3.777 F 1.277(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 180 R +.042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of)2.543 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 (end of the v)144 192 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1 -(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F +(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 204 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 228 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(If)144 228 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 240 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 240 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 252 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 264 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +(of)144 252 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 264 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 276 Q -.2(vo) -.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 300 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E -F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 312 R .6 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 300 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E +F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 312 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 324 R -5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 -(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 324 R +5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 336 Q(If)144 360 Q F1(par) -3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 -F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 -372 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A -(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 -(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) --3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 384 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) --3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) --6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 -F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 +372 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) +-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 384 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) +-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) +-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F (number less than zero.)144 396 Q(Substring e)144 420 Q (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821(Substring inde)144 444 R +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 444 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 456 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 (is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F0 -.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 468 Q(${)108 +.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 468 Q(${)108 484.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 496.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 508.8 -R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F -.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 520.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 -(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F +F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 508.8 +R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F +.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 520.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F (within double quotes, each v)144 532.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 549.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 561.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 573.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) +(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 573.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f) -6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136 (ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 585.6 R F1(name) +-.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 585.6 R F1(name) 2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 (is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1 (name)2.897 E F0 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1 (@)2.897 E F0(is used and the e)144 597.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 614.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 626.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 -5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) --.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) -5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 638.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) -2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 626.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) +5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 638.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F2(*) +2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E -.781(ray name subscripted by)144 650.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 -(@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) --.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 662.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) -3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 674.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +5.396 E F1(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E +.78(ray name subscripted by)144 650.4 R F2(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(@) +3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F1(par)145.25 662.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 674.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 703.2 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 -Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(23)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3146,287 +3149,288 @@ BP (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 96 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196 (atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he) -6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .544(name e)144 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .543(name e)144 108 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544(ainst the e)-.05 F .544 (xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 120 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G -(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65 +.544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 120 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.133 G +(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65 (w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632 -(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0(,).73 E 1.152(then the result of the e)144 132 R 1.151 +(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0(,).73 E 1.151(then the result of the e)144 132 R 1.151 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F -.183(pattern \(the `)144 144 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 +(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F +.184(pattern \(the `)144 144 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 156 Q F2(*)3.019 E -F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 156 Q F2(*)3.018 E +F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 168 R(If) -5.303 E F1(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E -F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 180 Q -.25(va)-.15 G -2.988(lo).25 G .487 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 168 R(If) +5.304 E F1(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E +F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 180 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.987(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 192 Q(${)108 +-2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo) -144 232.8 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F -.147(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -244.8 S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 256.8 S(tter) +144 232.8 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 +E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F +.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +244.8 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 256.8 S(tter) .1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I) -.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814 (he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-3.314 F .814(xpanded v) -.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15(ra)144 268.8 S(meter).15 -E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317(hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 280.8 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74 +E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 280.8 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 ('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F2(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1 -(par)145.25 292.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E -F2(*)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G -2.659(lo).25 G .159 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 -(and the e)144 304.8 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 -(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 316.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G +E F2(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1 +(par)145.25 292.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 +E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 +G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 +(and the e)144 304.8 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) +5.51 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E +F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 316.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G .422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 328.8 Q(${)108 +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 328.8 Q(${)108 345.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 -(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 -E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F -1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion,)144 369.6 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 (is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 -(string)144 381.6 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1 -(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E -4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 393.6 Q F0(be) -2.57 E .07(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of) --2.57 F F1(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F1(string) -2.569 E F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F -2.579(replaced. If)144 405.6 R F1(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079 -(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 -(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) --.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 417.6 Q F0 -5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) --.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 -(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 -(string)144 429.6 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F1(pattern)3.457 -E F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958 -(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 441.6 Q F0 .492 +(string)144 381.6 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 +(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 393.6 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 405.6 R +F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 417.6 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 +3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 429.6 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F2(nocasematch)144 441.6 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) -144 453.6 R(If)5.883 E F1(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F2(@) -3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) +144 453.6 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 (parameter in turn, and the e)144 465.6 R 1.002 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F1(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.158(scripted with)144 477.6 R F2(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.159(scripted with)144 477.6 R F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 489.6 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 518.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 530.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 542.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 554.4 R F0 5.438(.T)C -.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 554.4 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 566.4 Q -F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 566.4 Q +F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 -(panded v)144 578.4 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 -(,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 -(ve)144 590.4 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F -5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F2(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 602.4 Q .181(wercase letters matching) --.25 F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E -F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 +(panded v)144 578.4 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 +(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 +(ve)144 590.4 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F +5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 602.4 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 +F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 +.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 (rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 614.4 R 2.585 (wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 -(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 626.4 Q F2(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 -(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 -(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 -(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 638.4 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.62(,w) -C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F -6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F2 -(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 -F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ - in turn, and the e)144 650.4 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 -(sultant list.)144 662.4 R(If)5.249 E F1(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) -2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F2(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 -(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 626.4 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F +3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 638.4 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 +(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) +.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E +F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F +.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ +n turn, and the e)144 650.4 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 +(sultant list.)144 662.4 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 +(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E +F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 674.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 691.2 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 703.2 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 715.2 R -F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 715.2 R +F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .143(The e)180 84 R .142 +SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .142(The e)180 84 R .142 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F -.142(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .429(The e)180 108 R .429 +.143(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .43(The e)180 108 R .43 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1(L) -144 132 Q F0 .125(The e)180 132 R .124 +2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1 +(L)144 132 Q F0 .124(The e)180 132 R .124 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F (ters con)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q) -144 156 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 156 R 1.064 +144 156 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 156 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .441(The e)180 180 R .441 +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .44(The e)180 180 R .441 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15 -(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 204 R 1.073 +2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 F +-.15(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 204 R 1.073 (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 216 Q F1(PR)2.5 -E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 228 Q F0 1.138(The e) +E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 228 Q F0 1.137(The e) 180 228 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 240 Q -.25 +F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 240 Q -.25 (va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 252 Q F0 -1.339(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 252 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 -F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.34 -(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 264 S .258(lues of inde) +1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 252 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 F +1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.339 +(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 264 S .257(lues of inde) .25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)-2.757 F .557 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.757 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 +(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.758 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 276 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 288 Q F0(The e)180 288 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 304.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(\ +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 304.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(\ he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) -3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.)144 316.8 R(If) 5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403(is an array v)3.633 F .403 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E -F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F +F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 328.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) 144 352.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 F(lo)144 364.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 381.6 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 393.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 405.6 Q F1($\()144 422.4 Q F2 +1.697(Command substitution)108 393.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 405.6 Q F1($\()144 422.4 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 434.4 Q F1<92>144 446.4 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 463.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 463.2 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 475.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) 108 487.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) -2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) +2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 516 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 528 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> -2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ +.315(when follo)108 528 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 540 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F -F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 540 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F +F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 552 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 568.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 580.8 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 597.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 609.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 626.4 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 638.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 638.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 650.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 667.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 684 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 696 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 696 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F .049 +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F .048 (tution, and quote remo)108 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.548(l. The).25 F .048 (result is treated as the arithmetic e)2.548 F .048(xpression to be e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.548(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.548 G(-) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.549(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.549 G(-) .15 E(pansions may be nested.)108 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(25)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.378(The e)108 84 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.379(The e)108 84 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 96 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 +(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 96 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) 2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E (ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 112.8 Q (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 124.8 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 136.8 Q F4(<\()3.25 E F3 -(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F4(>\()3.25 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 136.8 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 148.8 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F4(>\()2.647 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 160.8 R .559 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 160.8 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.06 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 172.8 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 172.8 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 184.8 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 201.6 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 201.6 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 213.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 230.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 242.4 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 230.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 242.4 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 254.4 Q F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 271.2 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3434,70 +3438,71 @@ F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 283.2 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 295.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F4()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F4 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 307.2 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 295.2 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F4()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 307.2 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 319.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 319.2 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 -331.2 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F4(newline)2.507 -E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 +331.2 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 +E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 (ter is in the v)108 343.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 -(that is not)3.17 F F1(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 355.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 -E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) -5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -367.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782 -(Explicit null ar)108 384 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0 -(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 -(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 396 R .179 +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) +3.17 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 355.2 +R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 367.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 +G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 384 R .783 +(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G +F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 +(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 396 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 -G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 -(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 408 R .319(alue is e) +G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 +(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 408 R .319(alue is e) -.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319 -(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 -(to a command as an empty string.)108 420 R .001(When a quoted null ar) -5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion) --.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 432 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 -10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F5 -3.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 -444 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -460.8 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 -477.6 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 489.6 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F +(to a command as an empty string.)108 420 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E +.001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 432 R .984 +(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 +(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 +F F0(becomes)3.483 E F53.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 +(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 444 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 460.8 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 477.6 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 489.6 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -501.6 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F3 -(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ +501.6 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F3 +(pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) 108 513.6 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 +F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 (matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 525.6 R F4 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 537.6 Q F4(nullglob) -3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F4 -(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 537.6 Q F4(nullglob) +3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F4 +(failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F -(option)108 561.6 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 +549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F +(option)108 561.6 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 (When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 573.6 R .039 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 @@ -3505,72 +3510,72 @@ E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 (,u)-.65 G .81(nless the shell option)-3.31 F F4(dotglob)3.31 E F0 .81 (is set.)3.31 F .81(The \214lenames)5.81 F F4 -.63(``)3.31 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.81 E F4 -.63(``)108 597.6 S(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G -F0 1.181(must al)6.811 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.181(ys be matched e).1 F -(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.681(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.931 G 3.682(ni).15 G(f) --3.682 E F4(dotglob)3.682 E F0 1.182(is set.)3.682 F 1.182 -(In other cases, the)6.182 F F4 -.63(``)3.682 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0 1.182(character is not)6.182 F .614(treated specially)108 609.6 R -5.614(.W)-.65 G .613 -(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-5.614 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .613(ys be matched e).1 F .613(xplicitly by a)-.15 F .654 +F0 1.182(must al)6.812 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.182(ys be matched e).1 F +(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.682(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.932 G 3.682(ni).15 G(f) +-3.682 E F4(dotglob)3.682 E F0 1.182(is set.)3.682 F 1.181 +(In other cases, the)6.182 F F4 -.63(``)3.681 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0 1.181(character is not)6.181 F .613(treated specially)108 609.6 R +5.613(.W)-.65 G .613 +(hen matching a pathname, the slash character must al)-5.613 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .614(ys be matched e).1 F .614(xplicitly by a)-.15 F .655 (slash in the pattern, b)108 621.6 R .655(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .655(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as de-)-.15 -F .72(scribed belo)108 633.6 R 3.22(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.22 E F1 -.09(Pa) -3.22 G(tter).09 E 2.97(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.97 E F2(.)A F0 .719 -(See the description of)5.219 F F4(shopt)3.219 E F0(belo)3.219 E 3.219 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.219 E F1 .719(SHELL B)3.219 F(UIL)-.09 E .719 -(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 645.6 Q F0(for a description of the)2.25 E -F4(nocaseglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 +F .719(scribed belo)108 633.6 R 3.219(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.219 E F1 -.09 +(Pa)3.219 G(tter).09 E 2.969(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.969 E F2(.)A F0 .719 +(See the description of)5.219 F F4(shopt)3.219 E F0(belo)3.219 E 3.22 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.22 E F1 .72(SHELL B)3.22 F(UIL)-.09 E .72(TIN COM-) +-.828 F(MANDS)108 645.6 Q F0(for a description of the)2.25 E F4 +(nocaseglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 -662.4 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 +662.4 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F1(GLO-)2.562 E +F F3(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F1(GLO-)2.561 E (BIGNORE)108 674.4 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F0 1.096 -(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 686.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F4(nocaseglob) +so matches one of the patterns in)3.346 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.597 E F0 1.097 +(is re-)3.347 F(mo)108 686.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.851(df).15 G .351 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.851 F .351(If the)5.351 F F4(nocaseglob) 2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 698.4 Q F0 -1.481(is performed without re)3.731 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.) -.05 F 1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F4 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0(and)6.48 E F4 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.48 -(are al)7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.48(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -710.4 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 -.827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 722.4 R F4(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLO-)2.85 E(BIGNORE)108 698.4 Q F0 1.48 +(is performed without re)3.73 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.).05 F +1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F4 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +(and)6.48 E F4 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.481(are al) +7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.481(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 710.4 Q +F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 +(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F +.682(enabling the)108 722.4 R F4(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 -Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(26)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 +Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(beha)108 84 Q -1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F +1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684 -(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 96 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 -(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 +(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 96 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 +(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 108 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138 (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 2.722(itself. The)108 153.6 R .221 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221(wing character; the es-)-.25 F +(atches).65 E 2.721(itself. The)108 153.6 R .221 +(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 +(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 165.6 R .418 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) --.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) +-.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 194.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 211.2 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 211.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 223.2 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 211.2 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 211.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 223.2 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 @@ -3579,60 +3584,61 @@ E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 F0(,)A(tw)180 247.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 259.2 Q F0(Matches an)180 259.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 271.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 271.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 283.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E +F1([...])144 271.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 271.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 283.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) +3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 307.2 R 1.124 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G -1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 319.2 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 331.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 307.2 R 1.123 +(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G +1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 319.2 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 331.2 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 343.2 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 355.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 343.2 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 355.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 367.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 367.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 379.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 397.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 --.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 409.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 -5.889(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 421.2 R 5.889 +180 397.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 +-.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 409.2 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 421.2 R 5.889 (wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 433.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.29(Ac)180 445.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +F0 4.289(Ac)180 445.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 +(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E +F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 457.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 475.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 475.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 487.2 R (the character)180 499.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 517.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 534 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 546 -R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 534 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 546 +R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 558 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 582 Q F4(pattern-list) .833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 594 @@ -3645,26 +3651,26 @@ Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 606 Q F4 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 678 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 690 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 706.8 -R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .969(Complicated e)108 706.8 +R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .969 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 718.8 R .091 -(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) +(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-) -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) -108 730.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 730.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 +SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 +(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) 108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F @@ -3672,8 +3678,8 @@ SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 (using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \ to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8 -Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fro\ -m and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fr\ +om and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 @@ -3682,36 +3688,35 @@ m and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 .77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 (Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ -y instead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293 +y instead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292 (the form {)108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 237.6 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F3 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 261.6 R 1.238 -(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 -(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 273.6 Q .284(In the follo)108 290.4 R .283(wing descripti\ -ons, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charac\ -ter of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<)3.012 -E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3 +(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F +1.238(persists be)108 261.6 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) +-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) +-.25 F(himself.)108 273.6 Q .283(In the follo)108 290.4 R .284(wing des\ +criptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst \ +character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<) +3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 314.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 331.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 355.2 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 331.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 355.2 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 384 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 400.8 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3723,12 +3728,12 @@ Q F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 463.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 492 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 492 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 504 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 520.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 @@ -3739,23 +3744,23 @@ E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 532.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 580.8 Q F1(/de) 144 592.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 604.8 Q F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 652.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 664.8 Q F3 -(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 676.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 693.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 -(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F (scriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(28)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3771,43 +3776,43 @@ SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 170.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 -R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F (x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 194.4 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 256.8 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 (Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 -.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 +.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q @@ -3818,13 +3823,13 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 +2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 +(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3836,13 +3841,13 @@ E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(29)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3851,23 +3856,23 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -108 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 136.8 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 -.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 (is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 (are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 (xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\) 2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 @@ -3876,59 +3881,59 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1 -(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 +(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .375(wline appended, \ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .374(wline appended, \ to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108 300 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 (Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -374.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q +374.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q (The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .443 +-.37 E F0 .444 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R -(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 +(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.543 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 -3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0 -.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E -.966(not e)108 484.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.544 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F23.204 E F0 +3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 +.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E +.965(not e)108 484.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([) 144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1 -(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0 -3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0 -.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F1 +(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F1(n)3.378 E F0 +3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F1(n)3.017 E F0 +.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1 (n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 -.268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768 -(rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F -F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 +2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0 +.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767 +(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F +F1(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3937,7 +3942,7 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 (scriptor)108 708 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c> -2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(30)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3945,36 +3950,36 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.174 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) +-3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) -4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 -(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 -(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E +(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 +(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) +4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 +(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 +(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 +(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> +2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 +(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 192 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) --3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 192 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) +-3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 @@ -3982,203 +3987,203 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283 -(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R .283 +108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282 +(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R .282 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.782(,u) -.15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 .282 -(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +.15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 .283 +(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 307.2 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.074(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G -.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 +and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G +.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 355.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) --.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) +-.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) 108 379.2 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F --.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F3 (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 403.2 Q -.15 (Fo)108 420 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 448.8 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 448.8 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 460.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 460.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 508.8 -R F3(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 508.8 +R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 549.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 549.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F3(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 585.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 585.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 597.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .655 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 626.4 R .051 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 626.4 R .05 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F3(local)2.55 E -F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 -E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ -luding the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F -(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) +2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G +(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F -.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 -662.4 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ -to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F +.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 +662.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .726 -(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727 -(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 715.2 R .008 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 +(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 +(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 715.2 R .007 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 -768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 +768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(31)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.117 --.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.116 +-.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 96 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -112.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.723 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F1(func1)2.724 E F0 -.224(calls another function)2.724 F F1(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 -F F1(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) --2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.963 E F0(from) -2.963 E F1(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +112.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) +2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 +.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 136.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G -.482(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G +.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 165.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.72(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ -unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ -unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .014 -(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ + unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .013 +(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) 108 201.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 (ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 213.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 --.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +-.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 283.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 283.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 295.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 312 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 324 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 348 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F +.326(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 348 R 1.598 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.798 E F0 +1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F (deleted using the)108 360 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 -(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) 108 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 388.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 400.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 417.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 -(The shell allo)108 429.6 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +72 417.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088 +(The shell allo)108 429.6 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0 -(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 441.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G -.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.589 E F0 +(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 441.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.453 G +.953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 453.6 Q 1.058 +3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 453.6 Q 1.057 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 465.6 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 477.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 477.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) +5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 489.6 Q F1(id)108 506.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) 2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 518.4 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 530.4 S @@ -4195,7 +4200,7 @@ F0(multiplication, di)144 590.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> F0(bitwise e)144 674.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) 108 686.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 686.4 Q F2(&&)108 698.4 Q F0(logical AND) 144 698.4 Q F2(||)108 710.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 -768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(32)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4210,84 +4215,84 @@ Q F1 -.2(ex)108 132 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 (comma)144 144 Q .68(Shell v)108 160.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 172.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 172.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) -.25 F -.15(ex)108 184.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 196.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 -(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 208.8 R .154 +.42(ing the parameter e)108 196.8 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 +(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F +.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 208.8 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F1(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 220.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F1(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 +(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 220.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 232.8 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 249.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 261.6 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 273.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F1(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 285.6 R F1(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 297.6 Q F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ -n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ -o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 249.6 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F +<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) +5.517 F 3.282(al)108 261.6 S .782 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G +.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 273.6 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 +(he form [)-3.316 F F1(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 285.6 R F1(n)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) +108 297.6 Q F1(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ + is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 +F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 309.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F1(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -321.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 338.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +321.6 Q .235(Operators are e)108 338.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 350.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 367.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 379.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 367.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 379.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.133(\214le attrib)108 391.2 R .133 +2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.134(\214le attrib)108 391.2 R .134 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 403.2 Q .198 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 415.2 Q .234 +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 +(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 403.2 Q .197 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) +-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 415.2 Q .235 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 432 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 -(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 444 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234 +(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424 +(cially when the)108 444 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F -.344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ -m internally with this beha)108 456 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1 -(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 468 R F1(/de)3.306 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F1(n) -3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F1 -(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 480 R F1(/de)2.529 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) --2.53 E F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +F2(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F +.345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ +m internally with this beha)108 456 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 468 R F1(/de)3.305 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F1(n) +3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F1 +(\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 480 R F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r)-2.529 E F1 +(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 508.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 508.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 520.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 538.8 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 538.8 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +E F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 550.8 Q F2108 574.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 574.8 S (ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 586.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 @@ -4315,7 +4320,7 @@ G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 706.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 (ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 718.8 Q F1(fd) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 718.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(33)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4352,10 +4357,10 @@ F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 252 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 264 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E +-.35(Tr)144 264 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 288 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 @@ -4366,12 +4371,12 @@ E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 108 360 Q F1108 372 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 384 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 (string1)108 400.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 412.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 424.8 S .861 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 424.8 S .862 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 436.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 448.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 (string1)108 465.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 477.6 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 494.4 Q F1(<)2.5 @@ -4381,38 +4386,38 @@ E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 523.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 535.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 552 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 564 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +(OP)144 564 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 576 R -F2(ar)144 588 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 +F2(ar)144 588 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F2(ar)3.92 E(g2) +-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 +G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E +3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F1([[)3.589 E F0 (command,)144 600 Q F2(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F2(Ar)4.447 E (g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 612 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 628.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 640.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +72 628.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 640.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613 +(wing e)-.25 F .613(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 652.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 669.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 669.6 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 669.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 669.6 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 698.4 Q .179(The w)144 698.4 R .179 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 698.4 Q .18(The w)144 698.4 R .18 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -710.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e) +144 710.4 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F +.347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347 (ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 722.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(34)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4421,38 +4426,38 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(3.)108 84 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(4.)108 100.8 Q .716(The te)144 100.8 R .717(xt after the)-.15 +SF(.)A F0(4.)108 100.8 Q .717(The te)144 100.8 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717 (ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 (command substitution, arithmetic e)144 112.8 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 124.8 Q .332(If no command name results, the v)108 141.6 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 153.6 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 153.6 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 165.6 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 177.6 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 165.6 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 177.6 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 194.4 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 206.4 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 223.2 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -235.2 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 247.2 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +235.2 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 247.2 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 259.2 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 276 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 288 R .546 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 276 Q F0 .546 +(After a command has been split into w)108 288 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 300 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.) -.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \ @@ -4463,80 +4468,79 @@ to locate it.)108 316.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 340.8 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 357.6 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 369.6 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 357.6 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 369.6 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 393.6 R F1 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 405.6 R F3(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 417.6 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 -(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 429.6 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G -.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 -(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F +F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 +(search of the directories in)108 393.6 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 405.6 R F3(command_not_f) +3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 417.6 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G +1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 +(and the original command')108 429.6 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G +.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 +(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F .263(tus of that subshell.)108 441.6 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 453.6 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +108 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 +(named program in a separate e)108 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 494.4 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 511.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048 -(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049 -(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G -3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .043(sumed to be a)108 -523.2 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .043(shell script)2.543 F F0 2.543 -(,a\214)C .043(le containing shell commands.)-2.543 F 2.543(As)5.043 G -.042(ubshell is spa)-2.543 F .042(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .042 -(cute it.).15 F .042(This sub-)5.042 F .274 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 511.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 +(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 +(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G +3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .042(sumed to be a)108 +523.2 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .042(shell script)2.542 F F0 2.542 +(,a\214)C .043(le containing shell commands.)-2.542 F 2.543(As)5.043 G +.043(ubshell is spa)-2.543 F .043(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +(cute it.).15 F .043(This sub-)5.043 F .275 (shell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 535.2 R .274 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.774(ws)-.25 G .274(hell had been in)-2.774 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.775(dt).1 G 2.775(oh)-2.775 G .275 -(andle the script, with the)-2.775 F -.15(ex)108 547.2 S 2.358 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.774(dt).1 G 2.774(oh)-2.774 G .274 +(andle the script, with the)-2.774 F -.15(ex)108 547.2 S 2.357 (ception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F3(hash)4.857 E F0(belo)4.857 E 4.857(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.857 E F1 -(SHELL)4.857 E -.09(BU)108 559.2 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 576 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(he \ +.15 F F3(hash)4.858 E F0(belo)4.858 E 4.858(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.858 E F1 +(SHELL)4.858 E -.09(BU)108 559.2 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) +108 576 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(he \ remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 588 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 588 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv) 108 600 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 -(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .268 -(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 612 R .267 -(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-)-.25 +(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267 +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 612 R .268 +(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand ar)108 624 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 (COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 640.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) 108 652.8 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 669.6 Q -1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F3 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 681.6 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 698.4 Q +1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F3 +(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 681.6 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 698.4 Q (the current w)144 698.4 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F3(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E <83>108 715.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 715.2 Q F3 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(35)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(35)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4544,9 +4548,9 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q (current traps set by)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0<83> -108 100.8 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 100.8 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E +108 100.8 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 100.8 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E (in the en)144 112.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 129.6 Q (shell functions de\214ned during e)144 129.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G @@ -4558,269 +4562,269 @@ BP <83>108 196.8 Q -.25(va)144 196.8 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 213.6 R .427 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 225.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 213.6 R .426 +(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 225.6 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 237.6 Q<83>108 254.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 254.4 R -3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 237.6 Q<83>108 254.4 Q 1.056(the shell')144 254.4 R +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) -3.556 F(mand)144 266.4 Q<83>108 283.2 Q(the current w)144 283.2 Q (orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 300 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -300 Q<83>108 316.8 Q .857(shell v)144 316.8 R .857 +300 Q<83>108 316.8 Q .856(shell v)144 316.8 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 328.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 345.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 345.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G -.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 +-.4 E<83>108 345.6 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 345.6 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +.306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 357.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 374.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 391.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 403.2 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 415.2 R .358 +(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 403.2 S .245(ubshell en) +-2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.358(reset to the v)108 415.2 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 427.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 427.2 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 439.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -456 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +456 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) +F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) 108 468 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 484.8 R -.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -496.8 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 484.8 R +.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) +2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 +496.8 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 +(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 508.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 525.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 537.6 +(ENVIR)72 525.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 537.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) -4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 (rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F3(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 549.6 Q +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 549.6 Q F0A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 566.4 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 566.4 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 578.4 R F3 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 590.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +r)108 578.4 R F3 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 590.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 602.4 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 614.4 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E -.32(inherited by an)108 626.4 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 614.4 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E +.321(inherited by an)108 626.4 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 -(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 638.4 R -3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G -3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) -3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E -F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 650.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E -F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 667.2 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F -(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) +-.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 638.4 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G +.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G +(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) +-.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E +F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 650.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) +2.5 E .563(The en)108 667.2 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 +.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 679.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 679.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) +(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) -.25 F(en)108 691.2 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) 108 708 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) 3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) 108 720 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-.4 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(When)108 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)-3.736 F -(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v)-3.735 F +(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 96 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 112.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 124.8 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F --.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 136.8 R .348 -(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 112.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 +(The e)108 124.8 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 136.8 R .347 +(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 (xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .347(alues abo)-.25 F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 -148.8 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +F .348(alues abo)-.25 F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 +148.8 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G .507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 160.8 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 177.6 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 189.6 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 201.6 Q F3(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Fo)108 177.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 189.6 R 2.549(An) +5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 201.6 Q F3(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F3(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 218.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 230.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 230.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 247.2 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 264 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 264 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F3(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F3(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 276 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968(cute. All) -.15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F3(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 276 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 288 Q(guments.)-.18 E -F1(Bash)108 304.8 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 288 Q(guments.)-.18 E +F1(Bash)108 304.8 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 316.8 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -(SIGN)72 333.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 345.6 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 +(SIGN)72 333.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 345.6 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) -2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 -357.6 Q 1.215 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E -F0 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 --.2(bu)3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,) -5.916 F F1(bash)108 369.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 +357.6 Q 1.216 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E +F0 .915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,) +5.915 F F1(bash)108 369.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) -.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 386.4 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -398.4 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 +398.4 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 410.4 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 422.4 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 439.2 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 439.2 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 451.2 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 463.2 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 475.2 R F1(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 451.2 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 463.2 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 475.2 R F1(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 (SIGHUP)108 487.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 504 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -516 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 532.8 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +516 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 532.8 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 -(via the)108 556.8 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 +(via the)108 556.8 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F +F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 568.8 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 585.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F3 -.25 -(Jo)108 597.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868 -(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868 +(Jo)108 597.6 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868 +(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868 (ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F3 -.37(re)C -(-).37 E(sume)108 609.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 -(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 +(-).37 E(sume)108 609.6 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 621.6 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 638.4 R -F3(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F -.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 650.4 R F1 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F3(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 662.4 +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 638.4 R +F3(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F +.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 650.4 R F1 +(jobs)2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F3(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 662.4 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 679.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 696 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 708 R .732 +ociated)108 696 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 708 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 720 Q F3(job) +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 720 Q F3(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(37)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.981 -.8(To f)108 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.982 -.8(To f)108 84 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F .382 -(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F 1.538 -(tion of a)108 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)4.038 E 1.538 +(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F 1.537 +(tion of a)108 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)4.037 E 1.537 (ent terminal pr)-.37 F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 -6.537(.M)C 1.537(embers of this process group \(processes whose process) +6.537(.M)C 1.538(embers of this process group \(processes whose process) -6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 108 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E (INT)108 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.215 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F1(for)5.685 E -.4(eg) +(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F1(for)5.685 E -.4(eg) -.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.795 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145 -(group ID dif)108 132 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .146 +(group ID dif)108 132 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 144 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 (,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 /Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 156 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 168 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) --.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G -.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 180 Q 1.087 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 156 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F4 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 168 R F2 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F(OU\)) +-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 G +.718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 180 Q 1.088 (If the operating system on which)108 196.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 208.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) +3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 208.8 S .301(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301 +(character \(typically)3.571 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 220.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 220.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F5(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 232.8 R(to)108 244.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F @@ -4828,13 +4832,13 @@ F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 (background, the)108 256.8 R F5(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F5 (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F5(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 268.8 R 3.918 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 268.8 R 3.919 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 280.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 297.6 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 309.6 -Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F1(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F1(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) @@ -4849,82 +4853,82 @@ E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 345.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 (substring matches more than one job,)108 357.6 R F5(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F5(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F5(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 369.6 R F1(curr)2.833 E .133 +F5(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F5(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 369.6 R F1(curr)2.832 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -381.6 R F1(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F5<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F5(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F5<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 +381.6 R F1(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 +(may be referenced using)2.806 F F5<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) +-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F5(%+)2.575 E F0(and) +2.575 E F5<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 393.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F5 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 405.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F52.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -417.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +417.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 434.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -446.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +446.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 458.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 475.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 487.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F52.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 499.2 Q F5(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 475.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 487.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F52.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 499.2 Q F5(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F2(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 511.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 528 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 540 R F5 -(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 528 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.533 E F0 +.033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532 +(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F5(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 540 R F5 +(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 -(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 +(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) 108 552 R(The)5.955 E F5(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 564 R .604 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) +5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 564 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 592.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 604.8 R F5 +(and an)108 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 +(When the shell is w)108 592.8 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F5(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F5(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 604.8 R F5 2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F5(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F (fore returning.)108 616.8 Q/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 633.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 657.6 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F5(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 669.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F5(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 681.6 R F5 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F5(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 657.6 R F2(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F5(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F2(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 669.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F5(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 681.6 R F5 +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F5(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 693.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 705.6 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 705.6 Q F5(\\d)144 717.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 717.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(38) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E +(38)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4932,7 +4936,7 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\D{)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 96 Q -F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 +F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B (empty)180 108 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -4954,10 +4958,10 @@ F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 276 Q F0(the v)180 276 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 288 Q F0(the release of)180 288 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 300 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 300 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 300 Q F0 .115(the current w) +180 300 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) 180 312 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 324 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 324 Q (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 @@ -4971,76 +4975,76 @@ A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 372 Q F2(nnn) 396 Q F0(be)180 396 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, \ which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 408 Q F1(\\])144 420 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 420 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 420 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 436.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 448.8 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 460.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 472.8 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 484.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F -F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 496.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 -(command under)3.697 F F3 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 -(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ + in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ +ory \214le \(see)108 448.8 R F3(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 460.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 +(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 472.8 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 484.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F +F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-) +3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 496.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198 +(command under)3.698 F F3 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197 +(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 508.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 520.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 537.6 Q F0 .15 +72 537.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 549.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 561.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 -(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 -(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G -2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 573.6 S 1.406 +108 549.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 561.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 +(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F12.885 E F0 .385 +(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G +2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 573.6 S 1.407 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F -3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 +3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 585.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 597.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 597.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 609.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 626.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 638.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 650.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 662.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 674.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 650.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 662.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 674.4 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F2(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G -.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E -(ho)108 715.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E +(ho)108 715.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 (ument to a command that).18 F 2.938(acts in the forw)108 727.2 R 2.938 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)5.438 E F0 5.438(\)c)C 2.938(auses that command to act in a backw)-5.438 F 2.938 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(39) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ard direction.)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E +(39)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5048,12 +5052,12 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (Commands whose beha)108 84 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E -(viates from this are noted belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811 +(viates from this are noted belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812 (When a command is described as)108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 112.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F1 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 112.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -5063,26 +5067,26 @@ F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1 108 136.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 153.6 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \ \214le \(the)108 165.6 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 -(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 +(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 177.6 R .573(en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573 -(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft) --5.573 G(hat)-3.073 E 3.062(\214le does)108 189.6 R .562(not e)3.062 F +(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft) +-5.572 G(hat)-3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 189.6 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F -F1(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 -(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 201.6 R .475 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 213.6 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 -(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 -(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 225.6 R F2(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +F1(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 +(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 201.6 R .474 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 +(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 213.6 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 +(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 +(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 +(ning with a)108 225.6 R F2(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.054 E F0 .554 -(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 +(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1(ke)108 237.6 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 254.4 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 254.4 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 266.4 Q @@ -5092,11 +5096,11 @@ F -.1(ke)108 237.6 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 336 Q F1 (inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 -(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo) +(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo) 108 352.8 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1 -(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0 -(,).73 E F1(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 364.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E +(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 364.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 381.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 @@ -5107,51 +5111,51 @@ F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 422.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 434.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 434.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 446.4 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F1(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 458.4 Q -.161(When using the form)108 475.2 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A -F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 487.2 R(or e) +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 458.4 Q +.16(When using the form)108 475.2 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 487.2 R(or e) -.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 511.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 523.2 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 535.2 Q .698 +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 535.2 Q .699 (In the abo)108 552 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 564 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) -2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 -(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 576 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 592.8 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 592.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 604.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 616.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 616.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 628.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 652.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 664.8 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 693.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 693.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 705.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 705.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A (The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 722.4 Q -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(40)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5174,27 +5178,26 @@ F1(\\r)144 232.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 232.8 Q F1(\\t)144 244.8 Q F0 (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 280.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 280.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 (When entering the te)108 297.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 321.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 362.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 391.2 +(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 391.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 432 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E @@ -5202,26 +5205,26 @@ F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2 (Except where noted, readline v)108 448.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 460.8 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 460.8 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -484.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 501.6 Q F0 .01 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +484.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 501.6 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 513.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 525.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 537.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 549.6 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 561.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 573.6 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 525.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 537.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 549.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 561.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 573.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 585.6 Q(en \(Off\)) -.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 597.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 @@ -5231,22 +5234,22 @@ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 633.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 645.6 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 657.6 Q +2.935(completions using a dif)144 645.6 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 657.6 Q F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 669.6 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 681.6 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 693.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) --.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 705.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 717.6 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 729.6 Q F1 +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 681.6 R F1(On)4.08 E +F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 +F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +693.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E +(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 705.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 +E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 717.6 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 729.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 -E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(41)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5255,45 +5258,45 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))108 84 Q F0 1.453(The numbe\ r of screen columns used to display possible matches when performing co\ -mpletion.)144 96 R .194(The v)144 108 R .193(alue is ignored if it is l\ -ess than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av) -5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +mpletion.)144 96 R .193(The v)144 108 R .193(alue is ignored if it is l\ +ess than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av) +5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 120 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 132 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 144 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 168 R +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 180 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 192 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 204 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 216 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +ble completions that is displayed)144 204 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 216 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 228 S(lue are replaced with an \ ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 240 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 252 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 264 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 276 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 240 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 252 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 264 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 276 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 288 S .367 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 288 S .368 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F(listed on the terminal.)144 300 Q F1(con)108 312 Q --.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 324 R F1(On) -3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 +(re simply)-2.867 F(listed on the terminal.)144 300 Q F1(con)108 312 Q +-.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 324 R F1(On) +3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 336 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F +144 336 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F (e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 348 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 @@ -5302,41 +5305,41 @@ the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 288 S .367 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 384 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 396 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 396 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 420 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 432 Q F0 .142 +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 432 Q F0 .141 (Controls whether readline be)144 444 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 (can be set to either)144 456 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 468 Q F0 .517(If the)144 480 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G -.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 468 Q F0 .518(If the)144 480 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 492 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F -.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 504 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F -.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 516 S 2.798 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 504 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 516 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) 144 528 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 540 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.221(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +1.222(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 (paste into the editing b)144 564 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 (it had been read from the k)144 576 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 588 Q F1(enable\255k)108 600 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +144 588 Q F1(enable\255k)108 600 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 (When set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 624 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 636 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5348,89 +5351,89 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 636 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 672 Q F0(If set to)144 684 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 696 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)3.052 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(42)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255size \(unset\))108 84 Q F0 .948 +SF(history\255size \(unset\))108 84 Q F0 .949 (Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 108 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 120 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 132 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 -F(alue,)-.25 E +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 108 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) +2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 120 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 132 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v) +3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 144 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 156 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(horizontal\255scr)108 156 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 180 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 192 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 216 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 216 R F1(On) +3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 (characters it reads\), re)144 228 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 240 S(ynon) --2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) +5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 240 S(ynon) +-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 252 Q F1 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 252 Q F1 (isear)108 264 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 288 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 300 Q F2 +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 288 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 300 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 312 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -324 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 +108 312 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 324 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 336 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 348 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C -.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 360 +2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0 .448(is equi)144 348 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C +.448(he def)-5.448 F .448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G .449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 360 Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 372 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 384 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 396 R .825 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 396 R .824 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E -3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 408 R +3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G +.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 408 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) -3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) +3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F +F2 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) 144 420 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 -(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 432 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 444 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 468 Q(ectories \(On\)) -.18 E F0(If set to)144 480 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -5443,129 +5446,129 @@ E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 540 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 552 Q F0 .193(This v)144 564 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 552 Q F0 .192(This v)144 564 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 576 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 588 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 600 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.585(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 624 Q +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 624 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.507(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 (if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 684 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 696 R F1(On) +(page\255completions \(On\))108 684 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 696 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 -E(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(tions at a time.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .228 +SF(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .227 (If set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will displ\ ay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 108 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E (wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 120 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 132 R -F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 132 R +F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 144 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 144 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 156 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 180 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 180 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 192 R(bell.)144 204 Q F1 -(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 252 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 252 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 -(sho)108 276 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 +(sho)108 276 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 300 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 324 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 324 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 336 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 348 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 360 Q +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 360 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 372 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -384 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 372 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +384 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 396 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 -(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 408 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 396 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 408 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 420 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 420 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -432 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 444 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 456 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 +432 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 444 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 456 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -468 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 480 S .924(panded lik).15 F -3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 492 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +468 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 480 S .923(panded lik).15 F +3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 492 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -504 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 528 R +504 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 540 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 556.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 568.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 580.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 580.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 621.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 633.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 650.4 Q F0(The)180 650.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 650.4 Q F0(The)180 650.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. This)180 662.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 @@ -5573,15 +5576,15 @@ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F (out in emacs mode.)180 686.4 Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)180 703.2 Q -F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(44)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5592,48 +5595,47 @@ BP (.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 100.8 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 112.8 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +(The)180 112.8 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 124.8 Q F1 --.1(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 136.8 Q F1(=)3.064 E -F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) --3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 +-.1(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 136.8 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 148.8 R .318(ersion number) -.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 -160.8 R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101 -(\). If the minor v)B .1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F -F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C(he)-5.1 E .06 -(operator may be separated from the string)180 172.8 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G -(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06(ersion number ar)-.15 F -(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 184.8 Q F1(application)144 201.6 Q F0 -(The)180 213.6 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 -(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F -.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 160.8 +R .1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 172.8 R +F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 +(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 184.8 Q F1 +(application)144 201.6 Q F0(The)180 213.6 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 +.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 +F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 225.6 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 237.6 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 249.6 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +237.6 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 249.6 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 261.6 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 261.6 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 285.6 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 297.6 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 309.6 Q F1($endif)180 -321.6 Q F2(variable)144 338.4 Q F0(The)180 350.4 Q F2(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +321.6 Q F2(variable)144 338.4 Q F0(The)180 350.4 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 362.4 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 374.4 R .129 -(the v)180 386.4 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 -F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 374.4 R .13 +(the v)180 386.4 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 398.4 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 415.2 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) @@ -5641,55 +5643,55 @@ F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F (command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 432 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 432 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 448.8 Q -F0 .357(This directi)144 460.8 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +F0 .356(This directi)144 460.8 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 472.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 496.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 513.6 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 525.6 R .834 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 525.6 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 537.6 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 537.6 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 554.4 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 554.4 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 566.4 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 578.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 590.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 602.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 614.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 626.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +F .097(mental search.)108 614.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 626.4 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) 108 643.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 655.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 667.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 655.2 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 667.2 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 679.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -691.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -708 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 720 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 679.2 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 691.2 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 708 R +.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 720 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(45)185.115 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5699,18 +5701,18 @@ BP tal searches read the entire search string before starting to search fo\ r matching history lines.)108 84 R(The search string may be typed by th\ e user or be part of the contents of the current line.)108 96 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 112.8 Q F0 1.392(The follo) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 112.8 Q F0 1.391(The follo) 108 124.8 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 136.8 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 148.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.411 E F0 .911 -(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 -.91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db).15 G -3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 160.8 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 136.8 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 148.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 +(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 +.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G +3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 160.8 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 177.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5722,9 +5724,9 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 189.6 Q F0(Mo)144 201.6 Q .3 -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 261.6 Q F0(Mo)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 285.6 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 297.6 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 297.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 309.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 321.6 Q (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 333.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 @@ -5734,31 +5736,31 @@ Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 369.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) -.8 F(ters.)144 381.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 393.6 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 405.6 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +F0(Mo)144 405.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F (metacharacters.)144 417.6 Q F1(pr)108 429.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .89(Attempt to mo)144 441.6 R -1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 -(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .891(vious ph)-.25 F .891 +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 441.6 R +1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 +(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 (ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 453.6 R 1.17 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G 3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 465.6 Q(ysical line or \ if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ -idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 477.6 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 -(Attempt to mo)144 489.6 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637 -(oint to the same ph).15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F -.638(xt ph)-.15 F .638(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha) +idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 477.6 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 489.6 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F +.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) 144 501.6 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ length of the prompt plus)144 513.6 R(the screen width.)144 525.6 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 537.6 Q F0 1.499 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 537.6 Q F0 1.498 (Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 549.6 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G -1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F +-.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G +1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F (lea)144 561.6 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1(clear\255scr)108 573.6 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 (Clear the screen, then redra)144 585.6 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 @@ -5769,18 +5771,18 @@ S(th an ar).4 E -.18(re)108 609.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 (Refresh the current line.)144 621.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 638.4 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -650.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 662.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 -(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) +650.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 662.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 +(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 +(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) 144 674.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F (restore the history line to its original state.)144 686.4 Q F1(pr)108 698.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 (Fetch the pre)144 710.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(46)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(46)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5795,212 +5797,212 @@ Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G (end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 132 Q F0(Mo)144 144 Q .3 -.15(ve t) -.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G (.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -156 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +156 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 (Search backw)144 168 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 180 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 192 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 204 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 204 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 216 Q F1(non\255incr)108 228 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 240 R .164(ar\ +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 240 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 252 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E (.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 264 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 276 R +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 276 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 288 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -300 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 312 R .249(a\ +300 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 312 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 324 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 336 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 348 R .951(ard through t\ -he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 360 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 372 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 -.951(Search backw)144 384 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ - of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 -(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 396 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 348 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 360 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 372 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 384 R .951(ard \ +through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ +he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 396 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 (line. This)144 408 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 420 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 432 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 444 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 456 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 468 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +.248(Search forw)144 432 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 444 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) +5.318 F(search.)144 456 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 468 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 480 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 492 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 504 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 504 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 516 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 516 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 528 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 540 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 552 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 564 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 576 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 552 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 564 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 576 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E .416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 588 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 -(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 600 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 +(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 600 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 612 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 624 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 636 Q F0 .623 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 636 Q F0 .622 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 648 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 660 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 672 Q F0 .938 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 672 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 684 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 696 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 -768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 696 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 +768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(47)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(magic\255space)108 84 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 96 R .438 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 108 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G +SF(magic\255space)108 84 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 96 R .437 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 108 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 .394(Perform alias e)144 132 R -.394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E -F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .395(or a description of alias e) +(alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 .395(Perform alias e)144 132 R +.395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E +F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .394(or a description of alias e) .15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 144 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 156 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 168 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 180 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 192 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 204 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 204 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 228 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 228 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 240 Q F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 252 Q F0(In)144 -264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E +264 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E (tempts to in)144 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and) 2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 304.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 316.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 328.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 340.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 352.8 Q F0 .441 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 352.8 Q F0 .442 (Delete the character at point.)144 364.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 376.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 376.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 388.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 400.8 R +108 388.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 400.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 412.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 424.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 436.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 412.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 424.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 436.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 448.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 460.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 460.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 472.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 484.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 484.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 (tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 496.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 (Insert a tab character)144 508.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 520.8 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 532.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 544.8 Q F0 .321 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 544.8 Q F0 .322 (Drag the character before point forw)144 556.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -568.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha) +568.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha) 144 580.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 592.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -604.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(transpose\255w)108 592.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +604.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 616.8 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 628.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 640.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 652.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 664.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 676.8 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 676.8 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 688.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 712.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 724.8 S(rd, b) .1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 -768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(48)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ove)108 84 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 96 S .437(ggle o) -.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e) -.4 F .437(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 -F .438(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 -F -.4(Wi)144 108 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F -1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 120 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +SF -.1(ove)108 84 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 96 S .438(ggle o) +.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e) +.4 F .438(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 +F .437(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 +F -.4(Wi)144 108 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 120 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) +4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 132 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 144 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 156 Q +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894 +(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 132 R -.15(ove)3.968 G +1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.958(pushing the te)144 144 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 +(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 +.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 156 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 172.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 184.8 Q F0 (Kill the te)144 196.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 @@ -6011,32 +6013,32 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 256.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -268.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 280.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 292.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +268.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 280.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 292.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 304.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 316.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 328.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 340.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 352.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 364.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 352.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 364.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) 108 376.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 388.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 400.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 424.8 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -436.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 448.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 424.8 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +436.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 448.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) 144 460.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 472.8 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 472.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 484.8 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 496.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 @@ -6044,18 +6046,18 @@ F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 532.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 544.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 568.8 Q 4.8(yt) --.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E -(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 -580.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 592.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E -(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 604.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 -(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 -E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 628.8 Q -F0 -1(Ya)144 640.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 652.8 Q F0 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 568.8 Q 4.801 +(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 580.8 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 592.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 604.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) +-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 +(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 +F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) +A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 628.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 640.8 S +(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 652.8 Q F0 (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 664.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 681.6 Q @@ -6063,44 +6065,44 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 681.6 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 705.6 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 717.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(49)192.055 -E 0 Cg EP +(ument.).18 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(49) +185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(uni)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +SF(uni)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 (This is another w)144 96 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 108 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 120 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 132 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 132 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 144 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 156 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 156 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 168 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E (es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 184.8 Q(complete \(T)108 196.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 208.8 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 220.8 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 232.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 220.8 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 232.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 244.8 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 256.8 Q F0 @@ -6108,19 +6110,19 @@ SF(uni)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 280.8 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 292.8 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -304.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 316.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -328.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +304.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 316.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +328.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 340.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +1.194(possible completions.)144 340.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 352.8 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 364.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 376.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -6136,7 +6138,7 @@ E(through the list.)144 388.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 436.8 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 448.8 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 460.8 R -.15 +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 460.8 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 472.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 @@ -6162,15 +6164,15 @@ F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 616.8 Q (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 652.8 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 676.8 Q F0 .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 676.8 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 700.8 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 700.8 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 712.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(50)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6180,14 +6182,14 @@ BP SF(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 84 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 108 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 108 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 132 Q F1(dab)108 144 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 156 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 168 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 180 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6203,26 +6205,26 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 232.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 280.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 292.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 304.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 316.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 328.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 292.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 304.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 316.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 328.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 345.6 Q -.18(re)108 357.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 369.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -381.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 393.6 Q F0 3.248 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 369.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +381.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 393.6 Q F0 3.249 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 405.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 (bell\255style)144 417.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 429.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 441.6 R F2(x) -4.239 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 441.6 R F2(x) +4.238 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 F(meta\214ed lo)144 453.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) 2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 465.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6230,10 +6232,10 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 453.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 489.6 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 501.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 513.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 525.6 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F -2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 -.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 513.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 525.6 R .231(This is lik)5.231 +F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 +.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F (turn the line to its initial state.)144 537.6 Q F1 (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 549.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 561.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 @@ -6241,68 +6243,68 @@ SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (Set the mark to the point.)144 585.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 597.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 609.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +144 609.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) 144 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 633.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -645.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +(character\255sear)108 633.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 +645.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 657.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 669.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 681.6 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 681.6 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 693.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 705.6 Q F0 1.826 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 705.6 Q F0 1.827 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 717.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 729.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 729.6 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(51)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .331 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .332 (If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 84 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831(sp) -.15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)-.15 E +.15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stray chara\ cters into the editing b)144 96 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)-.55 G (his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 108 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 120 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 132 S .48 -(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 +(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 120 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 132 S .481 +(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 (alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 144 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 144 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 (the characters at the be)144 156 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 168 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 168 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 180 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 192 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 192 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 204 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 228 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 228 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 240 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 252 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 264 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 264 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 276 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6315,70 +6317,70 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 252 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 324 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 336 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 348 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 360 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 336 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 348 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 360 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 372 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 384 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 396 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 408 R .109 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 420 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 432 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 444 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 456 Q +.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 396 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 408 R .108 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 420 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 432 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 444 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 456 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 468 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 480 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 492 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 508.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 508.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 520.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 532.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 532.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 544.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 561.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 561.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 573.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 585.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 597.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 609.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 585.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 597.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 609.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 621.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 -(option to)108 633.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 621.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 +(option to)108 633.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 645.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 645.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 657.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 674.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 686.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 703.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 715.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 715.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 727.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(52)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6388,133 +6390,133 @@ BP (yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.084 E F0 1.584(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 96 -S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE) -3.055 E F0 .555(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +S .555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE) +3.054 E F0 .554(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 108 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 124.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -136.8 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 136.8 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 148.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 148.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 160.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -172.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +172.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 184.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 -(After these matches ha)108 201.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 -(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F12.734 E -F0(and)2.734 E F12.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 -213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 -(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 225.6 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -237.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 +(After these matches ha)108 201.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F12.733 E +F0(and)2.733 E F12.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 +213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 +(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 225.6 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +237.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 261.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 273.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 285.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 261.6 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 273.6 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 285.6 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 297.6 Q(An)108 314.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 297.6 Q(An)108 314.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 326.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 326.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 338.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 355.2 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 367.2 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -379.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +E(Ne)108 355.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) +-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 367.2 R +.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ +output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +379.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 396 R 2.877 -<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 E F0 -.377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 408 R .682 -(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681(xpansion; a) --.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 -F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522(the w)108 420 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F -3.022(Al)5.522 G(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 E F0 +.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 408 R .681 +(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a) +-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 +F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 420 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F +3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 432 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 432 R +(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 456 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 456 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -472.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +472.8 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 484.8 Q .246 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 484.8 Q .247 (If the pre)108 501.6 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 513.6 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 530.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 530.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 559.2 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 571.2 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 583.2 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 595.2 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 559.2 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 571.2 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 583.2 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 595.2 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 607.2 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 607.2 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 619.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 636 R .632(tions force r\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 636 R .633(tions force r\ eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ -o directories, 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The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 124.8 Q .146 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 136.8 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 148.8 R/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 136.8 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 148.8 R/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F1(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F1(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) --.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 160.8 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) --.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 172.8 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F1(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 160.8 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 172.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 184.8 R .355 +-.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 184.8 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79 -(Only backslash \()108 196.8 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791 +(Only backslash \()108 196.8 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 208.8 R (string.)108 220.8 Q(Se)108 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 249.6 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 261.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 278.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 290.4 R F2 -(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 290.4 R F2 +(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt) 2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\ +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -302.4 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449 +302.4 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 (xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 314.4 R F2 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 (fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G @@ -6718,30 +6720,30 @@ ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 S -.25(ff).2 G -.304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E F22.804 E F0 .304 -(option to the)2.804 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 +.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F22.803 E F0 .303 +(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 (pansion will do before using it.)108 350.4 R(The)5.52 E F23.02 E F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 362.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 379.2 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 379.2 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 391.2 R -F2(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 391.2 R +F2(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F (history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 403.2 Q F2(Ev) -87 420 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +87 420 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 444 +y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot).15 G (he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 460.8 Q F0 -1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 460.8 R 1.607 +1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 460.8 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 472.8 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 @@ -6753,34 +6755,34 @@ A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ on in the history list starting with)144 520.8 R F1(string)144.34 532.8 Q F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 544.8 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to t\ he most recent command preceding the current position in the history li\ -st containing)144 556.8 R F1(string)144.34 568.8 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G -.497(he trailing)-5.497 F F2(?)2.997 E F0 .497(may be omitted if)2.997 F -F1(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F .496(wed immediately by a ne) --.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F1(string)2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missi\ -ng, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if t\ -here is no pre)144 580.8 R .391(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 592.8 Q +st containing)144 556.8 R F1(string)144.34 568.8 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G +.496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F +F1(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne) +-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F1(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\ +ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \ +there is no pre)144 580.8 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 592.8 Q /F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 609.8 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753(Quick substitution.)144 616.8 R .753 -(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1) -3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F1(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .752(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 628.8 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12 +(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 616.8 R .752 +(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1) +3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F1(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 +E -.25(va)-.25 G .753(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 628.8 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12 /Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F1(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 640.8 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 640.8 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 657.6 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 --.8(Wo)108 669.6 S 1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 +-.8(Wo)108 669.6 S 1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:) -3.814 E F0 1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314 -(nt speci\214cation).15 F .53(from the w)108 681.6 R .529 +3.814 E F0 1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313 +(nt speci\214cation).15 F .529(from the w)108 681.6 R .529 (ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529 (ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529(ord designator be)-.1 F .529 (gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E -F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C -(ords)-6.329 E .515(are numbered from the be)108 693.6 R .516 +F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C +(ords)-6.33 E .516(are numbered from the be)108 693.6 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) .8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 705.6 -Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(55)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6791,20 +6793,20 @@ SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 (ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 -(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .064 -(The last w)144 132 R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar) -2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 -(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 -144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 -156 R 1.419(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F +(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 +(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) +2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 +(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 +144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 +156 R 1.42(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F (character that is part of a w)144 168 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 180 Q F1 A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 180 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 (y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) -108 192 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 192 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 +108 192 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 192 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 204 Q(ord in the e) +2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 204 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 216 Q F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) A F1<78ad>108 228 Q F0(Abbre)144 228 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -6813,9 +6815,9 @@ A F1<78ad>108 228 Q F0(Abbre)144 228 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 E(If a w)108 244.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 261.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 273.6 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(Modi\214ers)87 261.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 273.6 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 285.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G @@ -6830,152 +6832,152 @@ E(If a w)108 244.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 350.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E (ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 362.4 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 374.4 Q F0 .386 -(Quote the substituted w)144 374.4 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 -E F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 374.4 Q F0 .385 +(Quote the substituted w)144 374.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 +E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 386.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G (he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 398.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 410.4 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 410.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 -(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954 +(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 (delimiter in place of /.)144 422.4 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 (The delimiter may be quoted in)144 434.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 446.4 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 446.4 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 458.4 R -2.986(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 458.4 R +2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 -(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 470.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 +(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 470.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) 108 482.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 482.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 494.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 494.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 506.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35 -(used with `)2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F +(g)108 494.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 494.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 506.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 +(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F (limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 (may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 530.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 530.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 547.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063 +SF(SHELL B)72 547.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 (Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 559.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 571.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 (to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 (,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 583.2 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 583.2 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 595.2 R .26 -(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 595.2 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) 108 607.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 637.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 649.2 R .451 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 649.2 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 661.2 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 661.2 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 678 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 ([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 690 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 (\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 (Read and e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 (status of the last command e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) .15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename) -5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .489 -(names in)144 726 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.989 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.489(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.739 F F2(\214lename) -4.899 E F0 5.488(.T).18 G .488(he \214le searched for in)-5.488 F F4 --.666(PA)2.988 G(TH)-.189 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .488(names in) +144 726 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.988 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .488 +(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.738 F F2(\214lename)4.899 +E F0 5.489(.T).18 G .489(he \214le searched for in)-5.489 F F4 -.666(PA) +2.989 G(TH)-.189 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E +(56)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .832 -(need not be e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .833 +(need not be e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 (\214le is found in)144 96 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH) -.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E (cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.481 G .981(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666 -(PA)144 108 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an) +3.481 G .981(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666 +(PA)144 108 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an) 5.112 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the) 2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 120 Q F0 .485(is e)2.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.985 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F .485(the positional parameters are unchanged.) 2.985 F .485(If the)5.485 F F12.985 E F0 .485(option is en-)2.985 -F(abled,)144 132 Q F1(sour)3.324 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .824(inherits an)3.324 F -3.324(yt)-.15 G .824(rap on)-3.324 F F1(DEB)3.324 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.324 -(;i)C 3.324(fi)-3.324 G 3.324(ti)-3.324 G 3.324(sn)-3.324 G .825(ot, an) --3.324 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.325 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .825(trap string is sa) -3.325 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.325(da).15 G .825(nd re-)-3.325 F .817 +F(abled,)144 132 Q F1(sour)3.325 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .825(inherits an)3.325 F +3.325(yt)-.15 G .825(rap on)-3.325 F F1(DEB)3.325 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.325 +(;i)C 3.325(fi)-3.325 G 3.324(ti)-3.325 G 3.324(sn)-3.324 G .824(ot, an) +-3.324 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.324 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .824(trap string is sa) +3.324 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.324(da).15 G .824(nd re-)-3.324 F .817 (stored around the call to)144 144 R F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.317 (,a)C(nd)-3.317 E F1(sour)3.317 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .817(unsets the)3.317 F F1(DEB)3.317 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .817(trap while it e)3.317 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.317(cutes. If).15 F F13.317 E F0(is)3.317 E 1.435 +3.317(cutes. If).15 F F13.317 E F0(is)3.318 E 1.435 (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 156 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 (completes. The)144 168 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 180 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 (is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E F1(Alias)144 208.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 208.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E F2(name)144 220.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 232.8 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 232.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 244.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 256.8 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 256.8 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 268.8 Q F1(bg)108 285.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -297.6 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 309.6 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +297.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 309.6 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 (when job control is disabled or)144 321.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 333.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 333.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(bind)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 @@ -6988,28 +6990,28 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 422.4 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 434.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144.23 446.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.967(,b).31 G .467 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.167 F -.468(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 422.4 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 434.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144.23 446.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.968(,b).31 G .467 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.168 F +.467(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 458.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -470.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 482.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 494.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +470.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 482.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 494.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 506.4 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 -(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 518.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(vi\255command)180 506.4 Q F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.379 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.589(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 518.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 530.4 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 530.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 @@ -7038,7 +7040,8 @@ F1144 650.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 662.4 Q (ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 698.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(57)185.115 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7049,102 +7052,102 @@ SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 96 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 108 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 108 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(adline).18 E -F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +F0 .375(line b)2.874 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25 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G(f)-3.202 E F3(READLINE_LINE)3.202 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(READ-)2.952 E(LINE_POINT)180 156 Q F4(,)A +F0(or)3.581 E F3(READLINE_MARK)3.831 E F4(,)A F0 1.331(those ne)3.581 F +3.831(wv)-.25 G 1.33(alues will be re\215ected in the editing)-4.081 F +(state.)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 180 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 192 Q(The return v) 144 208.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 225.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 237.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 225.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 237.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 249.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 249.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 (bu)108 278.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 290.4 Q .77 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 290.4 Q .771 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 -F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616 +F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -302.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +302.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 314.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 326.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 355.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 355.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 367.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). 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The)144 415.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 427.2 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 444 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 456 R F2(dir) -2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 -(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E -F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 468 R -3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 456 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 468 R +3.536(ault. 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f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 676.8 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with) -3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 -F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 688.8 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 676.8 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 688.8 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 700.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 700.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 712.8 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 724.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +5.4 E .175(either the)144 712.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 724.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(58)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(command)3.705 E F0 -.1(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005 -(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +SF144 84 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005 +(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 108 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 120 S +(command)144.2 108 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 120 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 148.8 R +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 148.8 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 160.8 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 160.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 172.8 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F12.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 184.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 172.8 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 184.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 208.8 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -7231,20 +7234,20 @@ E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 (name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) -A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 309.6 R -3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 -E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 -E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 309.6 R +3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 +E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 +E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 (options are supplied, e)144 321.6 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 333.6 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 345.6 R(The)6.208 E -F13.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 357.6 R(`def)-.74 E +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 345.6 R(The)6.207 E +F13.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 357.6 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 369.6 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 @@ -7252,55 +7255,55 @@ F13.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 381.6 R (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 393.6 R(The)5.447 E -F12.947 E F0 .447 +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 393.6 R(The)5.447 E +F12.947 E F0 .448 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 (should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 405.6 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 -(limiter such as)144 417.6 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0 -3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 429.6 R F1 -3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) +144 417.6 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 429.6 R F1 +3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 -3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H -(f).15 E F13.208 E F0(,)A F1144 441.6 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) --2.604 E F12.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 +3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H +(f).15 E F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 441.6 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) +-2.603 E F12.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)-2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 453.6 Q .152 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 453.6 Q .153 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -477.6 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 +477.6 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 513.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 513.6 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 525.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F13.222 E F0(and)3.222 E -F13.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 525.6 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 549.6 Q -F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 561.6 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 561.6 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 573.6 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 585.6 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 597.6 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -609.6 Q F1(default)184 621.6 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 621.6 R 5.376 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +609.6 Q F1(default)184 621.6 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 621.6 R 5.375 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 633.6 Q F1(dir)184 645.6 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 657.6 Q F1 (\214lenames)184 669.6 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 681.6 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 693.6 R +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 693.6 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) -2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 705.6 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(59)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7309,7 +7312,7 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noquote)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 84 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 96 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 108 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 108 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 120 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S @@ -7317,7 +7320,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 120 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 132 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 144 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 144 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 156 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 156 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 168 Q F1144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 192 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -7360,287 +7363,286 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 576 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 576 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 588 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 600 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 600 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 612 Q F1144 624 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +184 612 Q F1144 624 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 (The shell function)184 636 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 648 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 648 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 660 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 672 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 684 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 672 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 684 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) -.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 696 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 96 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 96 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) -.15 F(tions.)184 108 Q F1144 120 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 132 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +184 132 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 144 Q F1144 156 Q F2(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 156 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 168 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS) -3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F -.98(each resultant w)184 192 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 204 Q -.766(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS) +3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F +.981(each resultant w)184 192 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481 +(xpanded. Shell)-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor) +3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F +(pro)184 204 Q .765(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 216 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 216 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 228 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 240 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 252 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +6.465 F(match the w)184 228 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 240 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 252 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 264 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 276 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 288 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 304.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 304.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 316.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 328.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 316.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 328.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 357.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 369.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 369.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 381.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 393.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 393.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.227(the `)144 405.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 405.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 417.6 R 2.039 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.038 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 -(should apply to `)144 429.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 417.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 429.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.038 F(The)144 441.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.039 F(The)144 441.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .867(assignment w)144 453.6 R .868 +F .868(assignment w)144 453.6 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) --3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 465.6 Q .432(The return v)144 489.6 R +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 465.6 Q .431(The return v)144 489.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F (tions for a)144 501.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 518.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 530.4 R .85 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 530.4 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 -(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 542.4 R F2(n)2.704 E -F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 542.4 R F2(n)2.703 E F0 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 +/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 (the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 554.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 566.4 Q F1(declar) +G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0 +1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 566.4 Q F1(declar) 108 583.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 607.2 R 1.265 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 607.2 R 1.264 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) --3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 F F13.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 631.2 Q F2 -(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F12.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 643.2 Q -F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 655.2 Q .38 +2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 643.2 Q +F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 655.2 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F12.88 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 -667.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.107 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 -679.2 R(The)5.3 E F12.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ -function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 -691.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E -(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E -F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 +667.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.106 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 +679.2 R(The)5.299 E F12.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ + of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 +(and attrib)144 691.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F +F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F +F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 (name and line number where each)144 703.2 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F13.148 E -F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1144 715.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) --5.836 E F13.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1144 715.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) +-5.837 E F13.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 727.2 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 +(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 727.2 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F13.318 E -F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(61)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F13.319 E +F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(61)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.693(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693 +.694(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694 (xcept the)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye) --.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 96 R +(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye) +-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 96 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82 (If there is no e)5.82 F .82(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v) --.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F .379(initially unset.)144 108 R .379 -(The follo)5.379 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 -(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 120 Q(ute or to gi)-.2 -E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF144 132 Q F0(Each)180 132 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E +-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F .38(initially unset.)144 108 R .38 +(The follo)5.38 F .379(wing options can be used to restrict output to v) +-.25 F .379(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 120 Q +(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 +E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 132 Q F0(Each)180 132 Q F1(name)2.5 E +F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E (ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F2144 144 Q F0(Each)180 144 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 (is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) -.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 156 Q F0(Use function names only)180 156 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 168 Q F0 -.558(The v)180 168 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +.557(The v)180 168 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 (ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) 180 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G (erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -F2144 192 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 192 R .909 +F2144 192 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 192 R .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) -.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 204 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 216 Q F0(Gi)180 216 Q 1.62 -.15 -(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef) --.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 216 Q F0(Gi)180 216 Q 1.619 -.15 +(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E +(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 (That other v)180 228 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F1(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 240 Q .782 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F23.281 E F0(attrib) -3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 252 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 240 Q .781 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F23.282 E F0(attrib) +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 252 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 264 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 276 Q F0 -(Mak)180 276 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E +(Mak)180 276 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F -1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 -288 Q F2144 300 Q F0(Gi)180 300 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E -F1(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 -E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB) -2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +288 Q F2144 300 Q F0(Gi)180 300 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E +F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 312 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 324 -Q F0 .91(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(lo) -2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 -348 Q F0(Mark)180 348 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 348 Q +F0(Mark)180 348 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 364.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F2(+A)2.644 E F0 -.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 376.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F2(+A)2.643 E F0 +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 376.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 388.8 Q F2 -(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 -E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 -(command, unless the)3.544 F F23.544 E F0 1.205 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 388.8 Q F2 +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F2(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F23.543 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 400.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 412.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 -(hen using)-5.217 F F22.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F22.717 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 412.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 424.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 436.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 436.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) --2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 448.8 R .549 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F -1.748(array v)144 460.8 R 1.748 +/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) +-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 448.8 R .548 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F +1.749(array v)144 460.8 R 1.749 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 -(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)144 472.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F +F1(names)144 472.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 484.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 484.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 496.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .329 +C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 537.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 549.6 Q -F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 (The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 561.6 S (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 573.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 573.6 Q -F2144 585.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 585.6 R .882 +F2144 585.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 585.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 597.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 609.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 609.6 Q F2 -144 621.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 621.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 633.6 Q F2(+)144 645.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 645.6 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 621.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 621.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 633.6 Q F2(+)144 645.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 645.6 R F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F1 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 669.6 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q .257(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q .258(The return v)144 698.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.15 F(tory stack.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(62)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7649,45 +7651,45 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E -F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .122(thout options, remo).4 +F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 (from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 -F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 +F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 (neither the)144 108 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096 (ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F -F2(jobspec)145.74 120 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.086 -(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585 -(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +F2(jobspec)145.74 120 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085 +(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 132 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 144 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 144 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 208.8 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 (terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 232.8 Q F0 .601 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 -F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 -(escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 232.8 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) -.2 E(prets the follo)144 256.8 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) 144 268.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 268.8 Q F1(\\b)144 280.8 Q F0 (backspace)180 280.8 Q F1(\\c)144 292.8 Q F0(suppress further output)180 @@ -7702,63 +7704,63 @@ E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 (\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 412.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 472.8 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G (igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 525.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 537.6 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 (abled; otherwise,)144 549.6 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F F3 -.666(PA)3.148 G -(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .538 +(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .538 (uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .538 (enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E F0 -.539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S +.538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144 585.6 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 597.6 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 597.6 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 609.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 .906 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 .905 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 621.6 R .905 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.872 -(abled. If)144 633.6 R F12.872 E F0 .372 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.872 F F2(special) -2.873 E F0 -.2(bu)2.873 G 2.873(iltins. The).2 F .373(return v)2.873 F -.373(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 645.6 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.873 +(abled. If)144 633.6 R F12.873 E F0 .372 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.873 F F2(special) +2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G 2.872(iltins. The).2 F .372(return v)2.872 F +.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 645.6 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a shell b)2.68 E(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 662.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 674.4 -Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) --2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 698.4 Q +Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 698.4 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7767,78 +7769,78 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 108 R .177(guments to) -.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 (ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .48(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 .48 -(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) -3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 (cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F -(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 -(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +(non-interacti)144 156 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577 +(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 261.6 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 -2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.626 E F1 +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 (n, or if the).15 F F1144 285.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) -.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .742(lue of the v) +.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 +144 398.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 (is used as an of)144 410.4 R .071 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) 5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 @@ -7849,10 +7851,10 @@ F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.092(ing \(so that)144 446.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) -2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72> -4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 458.4 Q +.093(ing \(so that)144 446.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) +2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72> +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 458.4 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 482.4 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -7860,53 +7862,53 @@ F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 494.4 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 506.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.334(the editor gi)144 506.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 518.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E -F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 -F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 530.4 R .006 +F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 518.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 +E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 530.4 R .005 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 542.4 Q .788(In the second form,)144 566.4 R F2 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 542.4 Q .789(In the second form,)144 566.4 R F2 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 578.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 590.4 Q F4 7.165 -(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 578.4 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> +2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 590.4 Q F4 7.166 +(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F (mand.)144 602.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 626.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 638.4 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 638.4 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 674.4 Q +662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 674.4 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 691.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 703.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +144 703.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 715.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 715.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 727.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(64)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(64)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7918,34 +7920,34 @@ BP (as started without job control.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)108 100.8 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 112.8 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 124.8 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 136.8 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 124.8 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 136.8 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 148.8 R .636 (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 -(tion in the shell v)144 160.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) -2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 -(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 160.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 (ment to be processed into the v)144 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.566 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.566 E F0 .065(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.565 E F0 .066(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885(shell script is in)144 184.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385 (d. When).1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 (getopts)3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F -.567(the v)144 196.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 -(between multiple calls to)144 208.8 R F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 -(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F -2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 220.8 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 244.8 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +.566(the v)144 196.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 208.8 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 220.8 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 244.8 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 256.8 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 @@ -7956,33 +7958,33 @@ F0 .566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 316.8 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 (porting is used.)144 328.8 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -340.8 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +340.8 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 (is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 376.8 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -388.8 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 400.8 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -424.8 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144.36 -436.8 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 376.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +388.8 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 400.8 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +424.8 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144.36 +436.8 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F2 (getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F2(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 448.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 (OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 (getopts)144 472.8 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 484.8 Q F2(hash)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A @@ -7991,23 +7993,23 @@ F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 448.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 525.6 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 537.6 -R F22.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 537.6 +R F22.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 (of the command.)144 549.6 R(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 561.6 R .294 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) -C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F22.793 E F0 .293 -(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 561.6 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F22.794 E F0 .294 +(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 573.6 R F1(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F1(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 585.6 R F22.676 E F0 -2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F1(name)2.676 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F2 -2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 585.6 R F22.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F1(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F2 +2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 (be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 597.6 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F23.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 @@ -8015,12 +8017,12 @@ C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F22.793 E F0 .293 .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F1(name)144.36 621.6 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F2(help)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 650.4 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 -662.4 R F1(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 +662.4 R F1(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 674.4 Q F2 144 686.4 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 686.4 Q F1 (pattern)2.5 E F2144 698.4 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -8028,8 +8030,8 @@ G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 (ormat)-2.5 E F2144 710.4 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 710.4 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 727.2 Q F1 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 -E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8044,13 +8046,13 @@ SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -8061,60 +8063,60 @@ F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 240 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1 -144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 (Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 -G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G +2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 +(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E -F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F +144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .757 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.257 E +F0(and)3.258 E F2(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) --.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +144 336 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h) +-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 360 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 + into the current history list.)180 360 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 384 Q F1144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1 144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 420 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 420 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 456 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 456 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R .833 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F -.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 532.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R .832 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 532.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) 144 544.8 Q F0(is supplied as an ar)2.5 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E (xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1 @@ -8125,25 +8127,25 @@ F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 597.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 597.6 Q F1 -144 609.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 609.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 621.6 Q F1 +144 609.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 609.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 621.6 Q F1 144 633.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 633.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 645.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 645.6 Q F1144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 657.6 Q(If)144 674.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 686.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 657.6 Q(If)144 674.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 686.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 703.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 703.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(66)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8158,60 +8160,60 @@ SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) (Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2 (signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) -2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 -.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 +2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 144 R -F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 144 R +F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 -R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -168 R F13.3 E F0 .8 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 168 R F13.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) --2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 -(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)3.67 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 321.6 R .881 -(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 -E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 321.6 R .88 +(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E +F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 (that were in place before the function.)144 333.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 345.6 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 345.6 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F (unless)144 357.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 @@ -8227,17 +8229,17 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 427.2 -R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 427.2 +R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 451.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 451.2 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 @@ -8256,38 +8258,38 @@ E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 547.2 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G +2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 662.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -686.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +686.4 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 698.4 Q F1144 710.4 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 710.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(67)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8301,241 +8303,240 @@ G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) 2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 120 +R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0 +(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E +F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 +E F0 .415(returns f)144 148.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 -E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358 +(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 +E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 (tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 + which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .036 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F (input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 +180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 369.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 (The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G -.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 -(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 446.4 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 -(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 446.4 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E (which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 458.4 Q -(Ar)144 475.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ -ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F -1.258(minus sign is allo)144 487.2 R 1.259 +(Ar)144 475.2 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.259(minus sign is allo)144 487.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 499.2 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 516 Q F2(format)2.515 E F0 -.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) -2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -528 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 499.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 516 Q F2(format)2.514 E F0 +.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) +2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +528 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) +.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 540 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 568.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 580.8 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 592.8 R .416 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 580.8 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 592.8 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 (and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 604.8 R 6.625 (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 616.8 Q F1144 628.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ when rotating or adding directories to the)180 628.8 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 640.8 Q F1(+)144 -652.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 652.8 R F2(n) -3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 664.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +652.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 652.8 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 664.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 676.8 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 676.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 688.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 700.8 Q F0(Adds)180 700.8 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) --.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 700.8 Q F0(Adds)180 700.8 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 712.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 729.6 R F1(pushd) -2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(68) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 729.6 R F1(pushd) +2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E +(68)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.89 E -F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 96 R -3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack element is \ -speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -108 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 -124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 136.8 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.889 E +F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory) +3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 96 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847 +(xistent directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory chang\ +e to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 108 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G +(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255LP)A F0(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 +136.8 R .845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 148.8 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 160.8 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 160.8 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 172.8 R -.25(va) -.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 184.8 Q F2 -.18(re)108 -201.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 -E F1(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 --3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 --3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E -F1(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 213.6 +201.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 +E F1(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 +-3.817 E F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E +F1(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 213.6 Q F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ , or from the \214le descriptor)144 225.6 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 237.6 Q F2 -2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 237.6 Q F2 +2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 (ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 249.6 R F1 -(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 249.6 R F1 +(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 (ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 (than names, the remaining w)144 261.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)3.096 E -F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 273.6 R .874(wer w) +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)3.097 E +F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 273.6 R .875(wer w) -.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 285.6 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F -.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 297.6 R +ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 285.6 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F +.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 297.6 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 (be used to remo)144 309.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E (tions, if supplied, ha)144 321.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 333.6 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 333.6 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 (The w)180 345.6 R 1.026 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +-.25 E F1(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F1(aname)180.33 357.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 369.6 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 381.6 R F1(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 -(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 393.6 Q F0(is the empty string,) -2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 381.6 R F1(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 393.6 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 405.6 Q F0 .372 +144 405.6 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 405.6 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 417.6 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E (ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 441.6 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 441.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.2 E F0(If)180 441.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 453.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F1(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 477.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 477.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 (aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 489.6 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 144 501.6 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 513.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc) +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 525.6 R F2 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 537.6 -R F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 549.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 561.6 S .669 +R F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 549.6 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 561.6 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2180 573.6 Q F0 (option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2144 585.6 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 597.6 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +E F0(Display)180 597.6 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) -3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 609.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 -144 621.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 621.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 -633.6 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +144 621.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 621.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 +633.6 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) 180 645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 657.6 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 -144 669.6 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 681.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.928 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +144 669.6 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 681.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 693.6 R F1(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 705.6 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -717.6 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 729.6 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +717.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 729.6 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F2 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(69)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8553,39 +8554,39 @@ G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27 F2144 120 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 120 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 136.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F -.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 148.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F2 -.18 -(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 +(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -160.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +160.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 (signing to a readonly v)144 172.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F2144 184.8 Q F0(.)A F2 -.18(re)108 +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F2144 184.8 Q F0(.)A F2 -.18(re)108 201.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) -2.5 E .77(The gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 -(quent assignment.)144 225.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F23.596 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F1 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 237.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 +(quent assignment.)144 225.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F23.597 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F1 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 237.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F23.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F23.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 249.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F23.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F1(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 261.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 249.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F23.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F1(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 261.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F23.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 273.6 R(The)5.296 E F2 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 273.6 R(The)5.295 E F2 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 285.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -297.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 285.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +297.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -8593,144 +8594,144 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 273.6 R(The)5.296 E F2 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F22.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F1(name)144.36 321.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 338.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 350.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F1(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 350.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F2 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F2 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 374.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) 144 386.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 410.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 -(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E -F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F1(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F1(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 410.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E +F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F1(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F1(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 446.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F2 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F2 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 458.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F2(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 470.4 R F2(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F2(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 470.4 R F2(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 482.4 Q F2 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 482.4 Q F2 (set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2(set)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 523.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 523.2 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 535.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 547.2 R F1 .447(posix mode) -2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 547.2 R F1 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 559.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F .585 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 571.2 R .584 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 559.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .584 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 571.2 R .585 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-) -.2 E(der)144 583.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha) -5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 -595.2 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 595.2 R 1.377 +595.2 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 595.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 607.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .132 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 607.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F2144 619.2 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 619.2 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 631.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2144 643.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 643.2 R F1(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F1 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F1(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 655.2 Q -F1 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -667.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 643.2 R F1(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F1 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F1(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 655.2 Q +F1 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) +4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 +(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 667.2 +R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 (ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 679.2 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F2(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F2(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 691.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 703.2 R -F2(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F2(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 715.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +1.654(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F2(until)4.154 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F2(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 691.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 703.2 R +F2(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F2(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 715.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 (non-zero status because a command f)184 727.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F23.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +F23.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 (eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(70)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .177(not e)184 84 -R 2.677(xit. 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All).15 F .651 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 294 R .678 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 306 S(it status.).15 E F1144 318 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 318 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 330 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 306 S(it status.).15 E F1144 318 Q F0 .652 +(Read commands b)184 318 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 +(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 330 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 342 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 354 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 (can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 366 Q F0 @@ -8747,14 +8748,14 @@ F0 2.5(option. 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See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 156 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G -.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.455 E(ha)224 168 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 180 Q(vileged)-.1 E +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 156 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G +.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) +-3.454 E(ha)224 168 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 180 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 204 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 204 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 216 Q F0 .209 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 216 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 -228 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 258 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -270 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 228 +Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) +184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 258 Q F1 +3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +270 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 282 Q F1 -144 294 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 294 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 306 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 318 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 330 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +144 294 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 294 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 306 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 318 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 330 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 342 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 354 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 354 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 366 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 366 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 378 Q F1144 390 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)184 390 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 402 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 402 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +.15 E F1144 402 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 402 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 414 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 414 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 426 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 @@ -8835,38 +8836,38 @@ as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 414 R 2.682 (ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 462 Q F0 .315(After e)184 462 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 (follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 486 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 498 Q F0 1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.205 +144 498 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.206 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa) -184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1144 522 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash) -2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa) +184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1144 522 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash) +2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 546 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 558 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 558 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1 -144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 618 Q F0 .959 +144 558 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 558 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1 +144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 618 Q F0 .96 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 618 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 -(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 -(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 642 R(def) -3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 +(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 642 R(def) +3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 654 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 666 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 666 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 @@ -8876,58 +8877,58 @@ F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 702 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +F0 .4(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) +SF144 84 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) 184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297 -(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 -F 3.022(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 +(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 +F 3.021(rameters. The)184 96 R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1 3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522 -(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521 +(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522 (s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425 (The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef) -2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 290.4 R .066 +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 290.4 R .065 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2 @@ -8940,125 +8941,125 @@ E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E 338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 350.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 350.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 -E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 398.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 415.2 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 415.2 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 -(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) --.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 +(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F +R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.944 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.945 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 (rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 (ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .199 +(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 694.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 706.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(73)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(73)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .816 -(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .816(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .817(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.067 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.317(\). The).15 F .817(shell al-)3.317 F -.1(wa)184 96 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .817 +(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .817(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .816(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.066 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.316(\). The).15 F .816(shell al-)3.316 F -.1(wa)184 96 S (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 108 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 120 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 -(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851 +(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F1(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 (This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F2 -(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 -(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 +(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 168 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 +184 168 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.288(ult, b).1 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.287(ult, b).1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)184 192 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F2 (compat31)144 204 Q(compat32)144 216 Q(compat40)144 228 Q(compat41)144 240 Q(compat42)144 252 Q(compat43)144 264 Q(compat44)144 276 Q F0 .889 (These control aspects of the shell')184 288 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889 (ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F1 .889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT) -.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 300 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(complete_fullquote)144 316.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 328.8 R F2(bash) +(complete_fullquote)144 316.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 328.8 R F2(bash) 3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and dire\ -ctory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 340.8 -R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 +ctory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 340.8 +R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 352.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -364.8 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.) --.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 376.8 R +enames when these)184 352.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +364.8 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.) +-.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 376.8 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 388.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 388.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 400.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 412.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 429.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 441.6 R F2(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 429.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 441.6 R F2(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -453.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 465.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 482.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -482.4 R F2(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +453.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +465.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 482.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +482.4 R F2(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 494.4 Q(xist.)-.15 E F2(dotglob)144 511.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 511.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 @@ -9068,48 +9069,48 @@ E F2(dotglob)144 511.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 511.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 540 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 -540 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 +(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 540 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 +540 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 552 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 568.8 Q F0 .717 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 568.8 Q F0 .716 (If set, aliases are e)184 580.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 (This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 592.8 Q(ault for interacti) -.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 609.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 (cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 (before the shell starts, identical to the)184 633.6 R F2 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 645.6 Q +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 645.6 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184 -662.4 Q F0(The)220 662.4 Q F24.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F -F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +662.4 Q F0(The)220 662.4 Q F24.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +F F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 674.4 Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 691.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) 220 691.2 R F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E (command is skipped and not e)220 703.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(74)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(74)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.34 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 +SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.341 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 (alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 108 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 124.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 -124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 +124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function trac\ ing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 @@ -9129,62 +9130,62 @@ F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 252 R F1 (${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 (pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 264 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 280.8 Q -F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 +F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 (xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 292.8 Q(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 309.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.937(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q -F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 -(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) --3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 +(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 451.2 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 451.2 R F1(**) -3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +F1(globstar)144 451.2 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 451.2 R F1(**) +3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 463.2 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 475.2 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 492 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 504 Q F1(histappend) 144 520.8 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -532.8 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +532.8 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 544.8 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 561.6 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 573.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 585.6 Q F1(histv)144 602.4 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 573.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 585.6 Q F1(histv)144 602.4 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 626.4 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 638.4 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 626.4 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 638.4 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 655.2 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 667.2 R F1 -.18(re) -3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 -1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w) -184 679.2 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 655.2 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 667.2 R F1 -.18(re) +3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 +1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381 +(when a w)184 679.2 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(75)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9194,9 +9195,9 @@ BP SF(huponexit)144 84 Q F0(If set,)184 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti) 2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1 -(inherit_err)144 112.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(inherit_err)144 112.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 124.8 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 136.8 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) @@ -9205,86 +9206,86 @@ E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti) F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) -.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 177.6 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F (enabled by def)184 189.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 206.4 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 206.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E (cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 218.4 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 235.2 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 235.2 R F1 -(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) --3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 247.2 Q +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 235.2 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 235.2 R F1 +(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) +-3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 247.2 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 264 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 276 R +(localv)144 264 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 276 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -288 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 300 Q -F1(localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 328.8 R -F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +288 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 300 Q +F1(localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 328.8 R +F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ the beha)184 340.8 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 352.8 Q (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 369.6 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -381.6 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 393.6 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 410.4 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 422.4 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +381.6 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 393.6 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F1(mailwar)144 410.4 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that) +184 422.4 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 434.4 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 -451.2 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 463.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E -F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +451.2 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 463.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E +F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 475.2 Q -F1(nocaseglob)144 492 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 516 S +F1(nocaseglob)144 492 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 516 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 532.8 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -544.8 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 556.8 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 532.8 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +544.8 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 568.8 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 568.8 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -580.8 Q F1(nullglob)144 597.6 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 609.6 R F1(bash) -3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see) --.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 621.6 S +580.8 Q F1(nullglob)144 597.6 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 609.6 R F1(bash) +3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see) +-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 621.6 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -638.4 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -650.4 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +638.4 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +650.4 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 662.4 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 679.2 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 691.2 R F1(bash) 4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 703.2 Q -3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 715.2 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 727.2 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23)135.955 E(76)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S -.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S .17 +(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) 144 136.8 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -9293,44 +9294,44 @@ SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 172.8 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +E F1(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 213.6 Q F1(sour) -144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(sour)3.271 -E(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 271.2 Q F0(If set, the)184 283.2 Q F1(echo) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(sour)3.27 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 +F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 271.2 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 283.2 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 300 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001(Suspend the e)144 312 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.001(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002 -(login shell cannot be)3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 324 R F1 -2.523 E F0 .023(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 336 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +108 300 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 312 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 324 R F1 +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 336 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 352.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 364.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 364.8 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +108 364.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 364.8 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 376.8 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 -(primaries described abo)144 388.8 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-) --3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 400.8 Q +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 +(primaries described abo)144 388.8 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-) +-3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 400.8 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 418.8 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 430.8 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 418.8 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 430.8 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 442.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G (ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 454.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 454.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 @@ -9353,9 +9354,9 @@ F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 609.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 621.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 633.6 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 645.6 Q .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 633.6 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 645.6 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 (If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 657.6 Q @@ -9366,35 +9367,35 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 693.6 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 705.6 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 705.6 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 717.6 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 -E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 717.6 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 729.6 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25)142.895 E -(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(77)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .52 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .521 (test using the second and third ar)180 84 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F -.521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 96 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +.521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 96 Q .485 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 (he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 108 Q (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 120 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 132 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F .285(posed of the remaining ar)180 144 R 2.784 +(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 132 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1 +(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 +(xpression com-)-.15 F .284(posed of the remaining ar)180 144 R 2.784 (guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .284(the e)2.784 F .284 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .284(luated ac-).25 F +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .285(luated ac-).25 F (cording to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 168 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 180 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) @@ -9407,45 +9408,44 @@ E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E processes run from the shell.)144 226.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 238.8 Q F1(trap)108 255.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .682(The command)144 267.6 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682 -(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F2 -(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +2.5 E .683(The command)144 267.6 R F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683 +(is to be read and e)3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F2(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G(f)-5.682 E F2 +(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) 144 279.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 291.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +.659(\(the v)144 291.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 303.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +144.34 303.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 315.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 327.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 339.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 351.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 351.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E (names are case insensiti)144 363.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666 -(If a)144 381.6 R F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 -.666(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.667(If a)5.667 F F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 -(BU)144 393.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command) -2.734 F F2(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .483(simple command) -2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F2(case)2.983 E F0 -(command,)2.983 E F2(select)144 405.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15 +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667 +(If a)144 381.6 R F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(EXIT)3.167 E F0 +.667(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.666(If a)5.666 F F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(DE-)3.166 E -.09 +(BU)144 393.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .483(the command) +2.733 F F2(ar)3.313 E(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .484(simple command) +2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F2(case)2.984 E F0 +(command,)2.984 E F2(select)144 405.6 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 417.6 R F3 .622 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 417.6 R F3 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 429.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 @@ -9456,30 +9456,30 @@ F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 453.6 S -(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 471.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3 -(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 471.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3 +(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 483.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 -495.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 507.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 519.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +ro e)144 483.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 +495.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 507.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 519.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 531.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 531.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 543.6 Q (yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .133 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -561.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +561.6 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 (ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 573.6 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 (vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 585.6 R @@ -9487,42 +9487,42 @@ F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 543.6 Q (is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 (returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(]) A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 614.4 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2 -(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +.174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2 +(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F F1144 626.4 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 .715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 638.4 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 638.4 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 650.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 662.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if) 144 674.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F13.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 686.4 R F2(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 -(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) -2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 -5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1 -2.507 E F0(and)144 698.4 Q F13.231 E F0 .731 -(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +E F13.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.029 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 686.4 R F2(name)2.507 E F0 2.507 +(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F5 .007(type -t name) +2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F1 +2.506 E F0(and)144 698.4 Q F13.23 E F0 .73 +(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1144 -710.4 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E F0 .824 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) --5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 -722.4 R F13.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 -(The table of hashed)6.176 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1 +144 710.4 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F1(type)3.324 E F0 .824 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 G .823(his in-) +-5.823 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 +722.4 R F13.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177 +(The table of hashed)6.176 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 September 23) +135.955 E(78)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9531,35 +9531,35 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.223 (commands is not consulted when using)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 1.223 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 -96 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 E F0 -.326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) --.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)144 +96 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.325 E F0 +.325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326(guments are found, f) +-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326(re not)-2.826 F (found.)144 108 Q F1(ulimit)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)A(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 136.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 136.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 148.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 148.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 172.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 172.8 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 184.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 196.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 196.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 -(source is printed, unless the)144 220.8 R F13.485 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 +(source is printed, unless the)144 220.8 R F13.484 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 232.8 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 @@ -9580,7 +9580,7 @@ Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 280.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) (The maximum resident set size \(man)180 352.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 364.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 364.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +180 364.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F (be set\))180 376.8 Q F1144 388.8 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 388.8 Q F1 144 400.8 Q F0 @@ -9600,20 +9600,20 @@ Q F1144 424.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 424.8 Q F1144 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1 2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 (is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 561.6 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) -3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) -A F1144 573.6 Q F0(,)A F13.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E +A F1144 573.6 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 +F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 (512-byte increments.)144 585.6 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F (error occurs while setting a ne)144 597.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 @@ -9623,25 +9623,25 @@ F1(umask)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 638.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -650.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +650.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 662.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 674.4 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 686.4 Q +(mode)144.38 674.4 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 686.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 703.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 715.2 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E -F13.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 715.2 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E +F13.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) 3.258 F(mo)144 727.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 25) -142.895 E(79)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(79)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9650,68 +9650,68 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 -96 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 3.804(,r).18 G(emo) --3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303(If the)6.303 F F13.803 E F0 -1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name) -144.36 108 Q F0 .464(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464 +96 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 3.803(,r).18 G(emo) +-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303(If the)6.303 F F13.804 E F0 +1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name) +144.36 108 Q F0 .465(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464 (ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 -F 2.769(set. If)144 120 R F12.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each) -2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269 +2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 +F 2.768(set. If)144 120 R F12.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each) +2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)2.949 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 132 R F12.903 E F0 .404 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 132 R F12.904 E F0 .404 (option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.904 -E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F .72 -(rather than the v)144 144 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 -5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F13.219 E -F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F .736 -(are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736(refers to a v) -3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 -(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 -168 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F +E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F .719 +(rather than the v)144 144 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F13.22 E +F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 +(are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 +168 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 +-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672(yo) -.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3 --.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_COMMAND).27 -E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_COMMAND).27 +E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3 -(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)144 204 Q +(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)144 204 Q (TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.67 E(AME) -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 216 Q F4 -(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)4.03 F 4.279 -(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya)-.15 G 1.779 -(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 228 Q(The e)5 E +(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)4.029 F +4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G 1.78 +(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 228 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E (.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 (Wa)144 256.8 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659 -(may be a process)3.929 F .009 +ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658 +(may be a process)3.928 F .008 (ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 268.8 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 -(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -F2(id)144.01 280.8 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E -F1(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E +F2(id)144.01 280.8 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E +F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 (tion, if its process id is the same as)144 292.8 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 -3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 -F F13.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 304.8 -Q F0 -.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2 +3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 +F F13.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 304.8 +Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2 (id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) --.15 G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 316.8 R -.404(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 -(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572 +-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 316.8 R +.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 +(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 (are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 328.8 R .573 -(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573 -(If the)5.573 F F13.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39 +(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 +(If the)5.573 F F13.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) 144 340.8 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) 144 352.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 @@ -9720,82 +9720,82 @@ E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) (an)144 364.8 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 (is useful only when the)3.89 F F13.89 E F0 1.39 (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F13.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 376.8 R F1 +(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 376.8 R F1 (wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 -.575(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 +.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 (stead of returning when it changes status.)144 388.8 R(If)5.635 E F2 (id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 (xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 400.8 Q (Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E /F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 417.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G -(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 .911 +(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 .912 (Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility le)108 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .912(l', speci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt) -.15 F -.2(bu)108 441.6 S(iltin).2 E F1(compat31)3.378 E F0(,)A F1 -(compat32)3.378 E F0(,)A F1(compat40)3.378 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)3.378 E -F0 3.378(,a)C .878(nd so on\).)-3.378 F .877 +.15 F -.2(bu)108 441.6 S(iltin).2 E F1(compat31)3.377 E F0(,)A F1 +(compat32)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat40)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)3.377 E +F0 3.378(,a)C .878(nd so on\).)-3.378 F .878 (There is only one current compatibility)5.878 F(le)108 453.6 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G .753(ach option is mutually e) --3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.753(.T).15 G .753 -(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(li).15 G 3.254(si) --3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25 G .754 -(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 465.6 Q 1.084(vior from pre)-.2 F -1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F -1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G 1.083 -(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(current features and beha)108 477.6 Q +-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754(ach option is mutually e) +-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754(.T).15 G .754 +(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 G 3.253(si) +-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 +(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 465.6 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F +1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F +1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 +(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 477.6 Q (vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G -(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456 +(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 (This section does not mention beha)108 494.4 R 1.457 -(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457 -(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.957 E F0 .887 +(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 +(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886 (means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 506.4 R(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886 +(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 (xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 518.4 Q (ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E -.522(If a user enables, say)108 535.2 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 +.523(If a user enables, say)108 535.2 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25 -F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108 -547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. 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F)-.15 F 1.645 +(or instance, the)-.15 F .76 (change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 571.2 R F1([[)3.261 -E F0 .76(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .76 -(ersions used)-.15 F 1.904(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 -583.2 R F1(compat32)4.404 E F0 1.905 -(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.404 F(That)6.905 E .296 +E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761 +(ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 +583.2 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904 +(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295 (granularity may not be suf)108 595.2 R .296 (\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 -(yc)-.1 G .295(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .295(ls care-).15 +(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 F(fully)108 607.2 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ -feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .531 -(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 624 R 3.031(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.031 F +feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 624 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 F (ariable:)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F4(.) -.855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .532 -(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15(ve)108 636 S .108(rsion number lik).15 -F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108(.2, or an inte)-2.608 F .108 -(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat)2.607 E F2(NN)A F0 .107 -(option, lik)2.607 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107(2\) determines the com-)-2.607 -F(patibility le)108 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .387 +.855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531 +(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15(ve)108 636 S .107(rsion number lik).15 +F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107(.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107 +(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat)2.608 E F2(NN)A F0 .108 +(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 +F(patibility le)108 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .388 (Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 664.8 R .388 -(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.888 -(ls. 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The)-4.113 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2020 August 25)142.895 E(80)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q +(2020 September 23)135.955 E(80)185.115 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -9803,12 +9803,12 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NN)A F0 1.186 -(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.686 F -.15 +(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.685 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F2(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 -(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.806(mechanisms. F)108 96 R -1.306(or v)-.15 F 1.306(ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.807(lm).15 G 1.307 -(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.807 F F1(compat)108 108 Q F2(NN)A +(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.807(mechanisms. 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