pty.7: Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS

Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS, and note that it is disabled
by default since Linux 2.6.30.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pty.7: Relocate a paragraph to NOTES

The paragraph noting applications that use pseudoterminals is better
placed in NOTES than in the DESCRTIPTION.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

unlockpt.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ttyname.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ptsname.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

grantpt.3: Minor wording fix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getpt.3, posix_openpt.3, pts.4: Use the term "pseudoterminal multiplexor device" for /dev/ptmx

Let's use some consistent terminology for this device.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getpt.3: Minor wording fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getpt.3, pts.4: Minor wording fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_tty.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_tty.2: Minor wording and formatting fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_tty.2: Fix a confusing wording error in description of TIOCSPTLCK

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Various pages: Drop t comment header

Historically, a comment of the following form at the top of a
manual page was used to indicate too man(1) that the use of tbl(1)
was required in order to process tables:

    '\" t

However, at least as far back as 2001 (according to Branden),
man-db's man(1) automatically uses tbl(1) as needed, rendering
this comment unnecessary. And indeed many existing pages in
man-pages that have tables don't have this comment at the top of
the file.  So, drop the comment from those files where it is
present.

[mtk: completely rewrote commit message]

Reported-by: G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

seccomp.2: Minor tweaks to Andy Lutomirski's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

seccomp.2: Improve x32 and nr truncation notes

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: Say a bit more about what happens when 'mode' is wrongly omitted

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: Minor wording fixes

Add some paragraph breaks to the discussion of 'mode' to make
the details a bit easier to read.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: srcfix: use saner macros to achieve same formatting effect

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Various pages: Trim leading blank comment line

Very few pages do this, so trim them.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Various pages: Use standard .\" comment style

The \" comment produces blank lines.  Use the .\" that the vast
majority of the codebase uses instead.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

posix_memalign.3: Clarify how to free the result of posix_memalign

The man page did not tell how a memory block obtained through
posix_memalign() can be freed. POSIX:2018 says it.
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/posix_memalign.html
I verified using a test program that this is true for glibc.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

wctob.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_fat.2, dladdr.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: Clean up page internal cross references after Florian Weimer's patch

The subsection named "Rpath token expansion" was renamed to
"Dynamic string tokens". Update the cross-references inside
the page accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: Minor tweaks to Florian Weimer's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: List more places in which dynamic string tokens are expanded

This happens for more than just DT_RPATH/DT_RUNPATH.

Signed-off-by: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Use "pwd -P" for printing cwd

"/bin/pwd" happens to work with the GNU coreutils implementation,
which has -P as the default, contrary to POSIX requirements.

Use "pwd -P" instead, which is shorter, easier to type, and should
work everywhere.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

lseek.2: List gfs2 support for SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA

Signed-off-by: Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: CAP_SYS_RESOURCE: add two more items for POSIX message queues

CAP_SYS_RESOURCE also allows overriding /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max
and /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max.

Signed-off-by: Saikiran Madugula <hummerbliss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3: Clarify a PTHREAD_RWLOCK_PREFER_WRITER_NP detail

Clarify that it is recursive read locks on the read-write lock
that make it difficult to implement
PTHREAD_RWLOCK_PREFER_WRITER_NP.

Update the libc-alpha URL and provide the URL to the POSIX wording
that is quoted in the comment.

Reported-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroup_namespaces.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

setns.2: EXAMPLE: use O_CLOEXEC when opening namespace file descriptor

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pidfd_open.2: Close the pidfd in EXAMPLE

Close the PID file descriptor in the example program, to hint to
the reader that like every other kind of file descriptor, a PID FD
should be closed.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

truncate.2: tfix

Reported-by: Diogo Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues <dmfrodrigues2000@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: The parent death signal is cleared on some credential changes

See kernel/cred.c::commit_creds() in the Linux 5.6 source code.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

intro.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, bpf.2, execve.2, fork.2, keyctl.2, request_key.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, socket.2, dlopen.3, getauxval.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, pthread_atfork.3, sem_post.3, setjmp.3, strftime.3, veth.4, locale.5, nscd.conf.5, resolv.conf.5, address_families.7, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, cp1251.7, cp1252.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, keyrings.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, libc.7, locale.7, man.7, network_namespaces.7, persistent-keyring.7, session-keyring.7, signal.7, unicode.7, uri.7, user-keyring.7, user-session-keyring.7: ffix: replace - with real\-

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

move_pages.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strfmon.3: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strfmon.3: ffix

Reported-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man[13]/*: ffix: change '--' to '\-\-' (options) or '\(em' (em-dash)

  Change '--' to '\-\-' for options and '--' between words to '\(em'
(em-dash).

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Changes.old: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

termios.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: tfix

Remove duplicated word.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

math_error.7: wfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

resolv.conf.5: Clarify that ip6-bytestring was removed in 2.25

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strcmp.3: wfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strcmp.3: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

shmop.2: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

resolver.3: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mremap.2: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: wfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getusershell.3: ffix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

execve.2: tfix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

dsp56k.4: ffix

Reported-by: Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

send.2, recv.2: Add msg_iovlen POSIX note

msg_iovlen is incorrectly typed (according to POSIX) in addition
to msg_controllen, but unlike msg_controllen, this wasn't
mentioned for msg_iovlen.

msg_iovlen being incorrectly typed hasn't been reported as a GCC
bug, but there's no point since it is caused by the same
underlying issue.

Sources: POSIX.1-2017 (<sys/socket.h>), Linux
(include/linux/socket.h)

Signed-off-by: Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mount.2: ERRORS: add EINVAL for bind mount of mount namespace inode

See kernel commit 8823c079ba7136dc1948d6f6dcb5f8022bde438e
and the in fs/namespace.c::do_loopback():

        err = -EINVAL;
        if (mnt_ns_loop(old_path.dentry))
                goto out;

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strfromd.3: ffix: use \- for minus sign

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man3/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man8/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man7/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options and to '\(en' for a range

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

  Change '-' to '\(en' for a range.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man5/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man4/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man2/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man1/*: ffix: change '-' to '\-' for options

  Change '-' to '\-' for the prefix of names to indicate an option.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ftw.3: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7, cpuset.7: Update kernel cgroup documentation references

cgroups-v1/v2 documentation got moved to the "admin-guide" subfolder
and converted from .txt files to .rst

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

hosts.5: Clarify capability for IPv6 outside of examples

Resolves https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=208279

Signed-off-by: Thomas Bartelsmeier <t.bartelsmeier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strfromd.3: wfix (null character --> null byte)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

iopl.2: Minor tweaks to Thomas Piekarski's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

iopl.2: Updating description of permissions and disabling interrupts

Update description of permissions for port-mapped I/O set
per-thread and not per-process. Mention that iopl() can not
disable interrupts since Linux 5.5 anymore and is in general
deprecated and only provided for legacy X servers.

See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205317

Reported-by: victorm007@yahoo.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: srcfix: add various people to copyright

Based on git history.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Minor fixes to Dave Martin's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Add tagged address ABI control prctls (arm64)

Add documentation for the the PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL and
PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL prctls added in Linux 5.4 for arm64.

Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Minor tweaks to Dave Martin's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Add SVE prctls (arm64)

Add documentation for the the PR_SVE_SET_VL and PR_SVE_GET_VL
prctls added in Linux 4.15 for arm64.

Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

locale.5: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

locale.5: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cciss.4: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

clone.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

semctl.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

sync.2: Minor fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

sync.2: Minor tweaks to Jeff Layton's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

sync.2: syncfs() now returns errors if writeback fails

A patch has been merged for v5.8 that changes how syncfs() reports
errors. Change the sync() manpage accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

tcp.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

gethostid.3: wfix: s/is intended/was intended/

The host ID might once have been intended to be globally unique,
but that turned out not to feasible.

Reported-by: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: Explain than empty entry in LD_LIBRARY_PATH means cwd

If this was ever going to change the test case is very simple:

$ cd /tmp
$ touch libc.so.6
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=: sh
sh: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: file too short

Signed-off-by: Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ip.7: Remove mention of ipfw(4) which was in long obsolete ipchains project

Reported-by: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: tfix

Reported-by: Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: Clarify that CAP_SYS_NICE relates to *lowering* the nice value

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

standards.7: Add an entry for POSIX.1-1988

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

standards.7: Correct various details in the explanation of XPG/POSIX/SUS

As reported by mail from Geoff Clare, there are some details that
need correcting:

Subject: standards(7) (was: man-pages-5.07 released)
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2020 10:53:14 +0100
From: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>

...

The first isn't really a problem, just an oddity. You list
POSIX.1b as "formerly known as POSIX.4", but you don't do the
equivalent for POSIX.1c ("formerly known as POSIX.4a").

There are several problems with the XPG3 entry:

    "first significant release" - although I suppose XPG3 could
    be considered more significant than XPG2 because it was the
    first one to incorporate POSIX.1, I don't think it's fair to
    imply that XPG2 was not significant.  (E.g. XPG2 was
    significant in that it was the first release to include
    I18N, and the first that had a conformance test suite.)

    "produced by the X/Open Company, a multivendor consortium" -
    this conflates two different things called X/Open. X/Open
    Company Limited is the UK company that did the editing work,
    organised meetings, etc. X/Open Group is the consortium
    whose members developed the technical content.

    "This multivolume guide was based on the POSIX standards" -
    at the time there was only one POSIX standard, namely
    POSIX.1-1988.  The first release to incorporate POSIX.2 was
    XPG4 (which you may consider worth noting in the XPG4
    entry).

To fix these problems I would suggest changing the entry to:

XPG3  Released in 1989, this was the first release of the X/Open
      Portability Guide to be based on a POSIX standard
      (POSIX.1-1988).  This multivolume guide was developed by the
      X/Open Group, a multivendor consortium.

Under SUSv2 I would suggest changing:

    Sometimes also referred to as XPG5.

to:

    Sometimes also referred to (incorrectly) as XPG5.

Under POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3: "XSI conformance constitutes the Single
UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3)" is problematic.  I think I
touched on this in the previous discussion. I would suggest
deleting that sentence and instead inserting, before "Two
Technical Corrigenda ...", the following:

    The Single UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3) comprises the
    Base Specifications containing XBD, XSH, XCU and XRAT as
    above, plus X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2 as an extra volume
    that is not in POSIX.1-2001.

Something similar is needed in the POSIX.1-2008, SUSv4 entry where
it talks about "the same four parts". The extra volume this time
is X/Open Curses Issue 7.
]]

Cowritten-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capabilities.7: Clarify wording around increasing process nice value

The fact that a more negative nice value means higher
priority is a continuing source of confusion.

Reported-by: Dan Kenigsberg <danken@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>