@table @samp
@item a
-named character,
+named character
@item c
@sc{ascii} character or backslash escape,
@item d
-signed decimal,
+signed decimal
@item f
-floating point,
+floating point
@item o
-octal,
+octal
@item u
-unsigned decimal,
+unsigned decimal
@item x
-hexadecimal.
+hexadecimal
@end table
The type @code{a} outputs things like @samp{sp} for space, @samp{nl} for
@table @samp
@item C
-char,
+char
@item S
-short,
+short
@item I
-int,
+int
@item L
-long.
+long
@end table
For floating point (@code{f}):
@table @asis
@item F
-float,
+float
@item D
-double,
+double
@item L
-long double.
+long double
@end table
@item -v
column output no line truncation occurs by default. Use @samp{-W} option to
truncate lines in that case.
-@c FIXME:??? Should this be something like "Starting with version 1.22i,..."
- Including version 1.22i:
-
+The following changes were made in version 1.22i and apply to later
+versions of @command{pr}:
@c FIXME: this whole section here sounds very awkward to me. I
@c made a few small changes, but really it all needs to be redone. - Brian
-Some small @var{letter options} (@samp{-s}, @samp{-w}) have been redefined
-with the object of a better @sc{posix} compliance. The output of some
-further cases has been adapted to other Unix systems. These changes are
-not compatible with earlier versions of the program.
+@c OK, I fixed another sentence or two, but some of it I just don't understand.
+@ - Brian
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Some small @var{letter options} (@samp{-s}, @samp{-w}) have been
+redefined for better @sc{posix} compliance. The output of some further
+cases has been adapted to other Unix systems. These changes are not
+compatible with earlier versions of the program.
+@item
Some @var{new capital letter} options (@samp{-J}, @samp{-S}, @samp{-W})
have been introduced to turn off unexpected interferences of small letter
options. The @samp{-N} option and the second argument @var{last_page}
of @samp{+FIRST_PAGE} offer more flexibility. The detailed handling of
form feeds set in the input files requires the @samp{-T} option.
+@item
Capital letter options override small letter ones.
+@item
Some of the option-arguments (compare @samp{-s}, @samp{-S}, @samp{-e},
@samp{-i}, @samp{-n}) cannot be specified as separate arguments from the
preceding option letter (already stated in the @sc{posix} specification).
+@end itemize
The program accepts the following options. Also see @ref{Common options}.
@itemx --separator[=@var{char}]
@opindex -s
@opindex --separator
-Separate columns by a single character @var{char}. Default for @var{char}
-is the TAB character without @samp{-w} and @samp{no character} with
-@samp{-w}. Without @samp{-s} default separator @samp{space} is set.
-@samp{-s[char]} turns off line truncation of all three column options
-(@samp{-COLUMN}|@samp{-a -COLUMN}|@samp{-m}) except @samp{-w} is set.
-That is a @sc{posix}-compliant formulation.
+Separate columns by a single character @var{char}. The default for
+@var{char} is the TAB character without @samp{-w} and @samp{no
+character} with @samp{-w}. Without @samp{-s} the default separator
+@samp{space} is set. @samp{-s[char]} turns off line truncation of all
+three column options (@samp{-COLUMN}|@samp{-a -COLUMN}|@samp{-m}) unless
+@samp{-w} is set. This is a @sc{posix}-compliant formulation.
@item -S[@var{string}]
The output files' names consist of a prefix (@samp{xx} by default)
followed by a suffix. By default, the suffix is an ascending sequence
-of two-digit decimal numbers from @samp{00} and up to @samp{99}. In any
-case, concatenating the output files in sorted order by filename
-produces the original input file.
+of two-digit decimal numbers from @samp{00} to @samp{99}. In any case,
+concatenating the output files in sorted order by filename produces the
+original input file.
By default, if @code{csplit} encounters an error or receives a hangup,
interrupt, quit, or terminate signal, it removes any output files
separating columns. You can make @code{wc} use the @sc{posix}-mandated
output format by setting the @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable.
-By default, @code{wc} prints three counts: the newline, words, byte counts.
-Options can specify that only certain counts be printed. Options do not
-undo others previously given, so
+By default, @code{wc} prints three counts: the newline, words, and byte
+counts. Options can specify that only certain counts be printed.
+Options do not undo others previously given, so
@example
wc --bytes --words
@code{sum} prints the checksum for each @var{file} followed by the
number of blocks in the file (rounded up). If more than one @var{file}
is given, file names are also printed (by default). (With the
-@samp{--sysv} option, corresponding file name are printed when there is
+@samp{--sysv} option, corresponding file names are printed when there is
at least one file argument.)
By default, GNU @code{sum} computes checksums using an algorithm
@end example
Note that if you had written @samp{-k 2} instead of @samp{-k 2,2}
-@samp{sort} would have used all characters beginning in the second field
+@command{sort} would have used all characters beginning in the second field
and extending to the end of the line as the primary @emph{numeric}
key. For the large majority of applications, treating keys spanning
more than one field as numeric will not do what you expect.
exactly one word in each line; the end of line separation of words is
not subject to the value of the @samp{-S} option.
-There is no default for the Only file. In the case there are both an
-Only file and an Ignore file, a word can be a keyword only if it is
+There is no default for the Only file. In the case where there are both
+an Only file and an Ignore file, a word can be a keyword only if it is
given in the Only file and not given in the Ignore file.
@item -r
@item -w @var{number}
@itemx --width=@var{number}
-Select the output maximum width of each final line. If references are
-used, they are included or excluded from the output maximum width
+Select the maximum output width of each final line. If references are
+used, they are included or excluded from the maximum output width
depending on the value of option @samp{-R}. If this option is not
selected, that is, when references are output before the left context,
-the output maximum width takes into account the maximum length of all
+the maximum output width takes into account the maximum length of all
references. If this option is selected, that is, when references are
-output after the right context, the output maximum width does not take
+output after the right context, the maximum output width does not take
into account the space taken by references, nor the gap that precedes
them.
@item -R
@itemx --right-side-refs
-In default output format, when option @samp{-R} is not used, any
-reference produced by the effect of options @samp{-r} or @samp{-A} are
-given to the far right of output lines, after the right context. In
-default output format, when option @samp{-R} is specified, references
-are rather given to the beginning of each output line, before the left
-context. For any other output format, option @samp{-R} is almost
-ignored, except for the fact that the width of references is @emph{not}
-taken into account in total output width given by @samp{-w} whenever
-@samp{-R} is selected.
+In the default output format, when option @samp{-R} is not used, any
+references produced by the effect of options @samp{-r} or @samp{-A} are
+placed to the far right of output lines, after the right context. With
+default output format, when the @samp{-R} option is specified, references
+are rather placed at the beginning of each output line, before the left
+context. For any other output format, option @samp{-R} is
+ignored, with one exception: with @samp{-R} the width of references
+is @emph{not} taken into account in total output width given by @samp{-w}.
This option is automatically selected whenever GNU extensions are
disabled.
so it will be possible to write a @samp{.xx} roff macro to take care of
the output typesetting. This is the default output format when GNU
-extensions are disabled. Option @samp{-M} might be used to change
+extensions are disabled. Option @samp{-M} can be used to change
@samp{xx} to another macro name.
In this output format, each non-graphical character, like newline and
the output typesetting. Note that when references are not being
produced, that is, neither option @samp{-A} nor option @samp{-r} is
selected, the last parameter of each @code{\xx} call is inhibited.
-Option @samp{-M} might be used to change @samp{xx} to another macro
+Option @samp{-M} can be used to change @samp{xx} to another macro
name.
In this output format, some special characters, like @kbd{$}, @kbd{%},
@kbd{&}, @kbd{#} and @kbd{_} are automatically protected with a
-backslash. Curly brackets @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}} are also protected with a
-backslash, but also enclosed in a pair of dollar signs to force
-mathematical mode. The backslash itself produces the sequence
-@code{\backslash@{@}}. Circumflex and tilde diacritics produce the
-sequence @code{^\@{ @}} and @code{~\@{ @}} respectively. Other
-diacriticized characters of the underlying character set produce an
-appropriate @TeX{} sequence as far as possible. The other non-graphical
-characters, like newline and tab, and all others characters which are
-not part of @sc{ascii}, are merely changed to exactly one space, with no
-special attempt to compress consecutive spaces. Let me know how to
-improve this special character processing for @TeX{}.
+backslash. Curly brackets @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}} are protected with a
+backslash and a pair of dollar signs (to force mathematical mode). The
+backslash itself produces the sequence @code{\backslash@{@}}.
+Circumflex and tilde diacritics produce the sequence @code{^\@{ @}} and
+@code{~\@{ @}} respectively. Other diacriticized characters of the
+underlying character set produce an appropriate @TeX{} sequence as far
+as possible. The other non-graphical characters, like newline and tab,
+and all other characters which are not part of @sc{ascii}, are merely
+changed to exactly one space, with no special attempt to compress
+consecutive spaces. Let me know how to improve this special character
+processing for @TeX{}.
@end table
@item
This program can read many input files at once, it always writes the
-resulting concordance on standard output. On the other end, System V
-@code{ptx} reads only one file and produce the result on standard output
+resulting concordance on standard output. On the other hand, System V
+@code{ptx} reads only one file and sends the result to standard output
or, if a second @var{file} parameter is given on the command, to that
@var{file}.
-Having output parameters not introduced by options is a quite dangerous
+Having output parameters not introduced by options is a dangerous
practice which GNU avoids as far as possible. So, for using @code{ptx}
portably between GNU and System V, you should always use it with a
single input file, and always expect the result on standard output. You
In the table which follows, the @var{byte-list}, @var{character-list},
and @var{field-list} are one or more numbers or ranges (two numbers
separated by a dash) separated by commas. Bytes, characters, and
-fields are numbered from starting at 1. Incomplete ranges may be
+fields are numbered starting at 1. Incomplete ranges may be
given: @samp{-@var{m}} means @samp{1-@var{m}}; @samp{@var{n}-} means
@samp{@var{n}} through end of line or last field.
projects / thirdparty / coreutils.git / commitdiff
