[3.10] gh-151987: Pass filter_function to TarFile._extract_one() during .extract...

[3.10] gh-151987: Pass filter_function to TarFile._extract_one() during .extract() (GH-151988) (#152613)

* gh-151987: Pass filter_function to TarFile._extract_one() during .extract() (GH-151988)

(cherry picked from commit 7ccdbaba2c54250a70d7f25632152df7655a5e0a)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seth Michael Larson <seth@python.org>
* Remove newer test helpers

3.11+ has more granular platform support, mostly for WASI.
Use the 3.10 idioms instead:

- @symlink_test is a no-op on non-WASI platforms
- can_chmod is approximated by "not win32" elsewhere in test_tarfile

---------

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seth Michael Larson <seth@python.org>