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[thirdparty/cups.git] / cups / http-support.c

/*
 * HTTP support routines for CUPS.
 *
 * Copyright 2007-2016 by Apple Inc.
 * Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
 *
 * These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
 * property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
 * law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
 * which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
 * file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
 *
 * This file is subject to the Apple OS-Developed Software exception.
 */

/*
 * Include necessary headers...
 */

#include "cups-private.h"
#ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
#  include <dns_sd.h>
#  ifdef WIN32
#    include <io.h>
#  elif defined(HAVE_POLL)
#    include <poll.h>
#  else
#    include <sys/select.h>
#  endif /* WIN32 */
#elif defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
#  include <avahi-client/client.h>
#  include <avahi-client/lookup.h>
#  include <avahi-common/simple-watch.h>
#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */


/*
 * Local types...
 */

typedef struct _http_uribuf_s		/* URI buffer */
{
#ifdef HAVE_AVAHI
  AvahiSimplePoll	*poll;		/* Poll state */
#endif /* HAVE_AVAHI */
  char			*buffer;	/* Pointer to buffer */
  size_t		bufsize;	/* Size of buffer */
  int			options;	/* Options passed to _httpResolveURI */
  const char		*resource;	/* Resource from URI */
  const char		*uuid;		/* UUID from URI */
} _http_uribuf_t;


/*
 * Local globals...
 */

static const char * const http_days[7] =/* Days of the week */
			{
			  "Sun",
			  "Mon",
			  "Tue",
			  "Wed",
			  "Thu",
			  "Fri",
			  "Sat"
			};
static const char * const http_months[12] =
			{		/* Months of the year */
			  "Jan",
			  "Feb",
			  "Mar",
			  "Apr",
			  "May",
			  "Jun",
		          "Jul",
			  "Aug",
			  "Sep",
			  "Oct",
			  "Nov",
			  "Dec"
			};
static const char * const http_states[] =
			{		/* HTTP state strings */
			  "HTTP_STATE_ERROR",
			  "HTTP_STATE_WAITING",
			  "HTTP_STATE_OPTIONS",
			  "HTTP_STATE_GET",
			  "HTTP_STATE_GET_SEND",
			  "HTTP_STATE_HEAD",
			  "HTTP_STATE_POST",
			  "HTTP_STATE_POST_RECV",
			  "HTTP_STATE_POST_SEND",
			  "HTTP_STATE_PUT",
			  "HTTP_STATE_PUT_RECV",
			  "HTTP_STATE_DELETE",
			  "HTTP_STATE_TRACE",
			  "HTTP_STATE_CONNECT",
			  "HTTP_STATE_STATUS",
			  "HTTP_STATE_UNKNOWN_METHOD",
			  "HTTP_STATE_UNKNOWN_VERSION"
			};


/*
 * Local functions...
 */

static const char	*http_copy_decode(char *dst, const char *src,
			                  int dstsize, const char *term,
					  int decode);
static char		*http_copy_encode(char *dst, const char *src,
			                  char *dstend, const char *reserved,
					  const char *term, int encode);
#ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
static void DNSSD_API	http_resolve_cb(DNSServiceRef sdRef,
					DNSServiceFlags flags,
					uint32_t interfaceIndex,
					DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
					const char *fullName,
					const char *hostTarget,
					uint16_t port, uint16_t txtLen,
					const unsigned char *txtRecord,
					void *context);
#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */

#ifdef HAVE_AVAHI
static void	http_client_cb(AvahiClient *client,
			       AvahiClientState state, void *simple_poll);
static int	http_poll_cb(struct pollfd *pollfds, unsigned int num_pollfds,
		             int timeout, void *context);
static void	http_resolve_cb(AvahiServiceResolver *resolver,
				AvahiIfIndex interface,
				AvahiProtocol protocol,
				AvahiResolverEvent event,
				const char *name, const char *type,
				const char *domain, const char *host_name,
				const AvahiAddress *address, uint16_t port,
				AvahiStringList *txt,
				AvahiLookupResultFlags flags, void *context);
#endif /* HAVE_AVAHI */


/*
 * 'httpAssembleURI()' - Assemble a uniform resource identifier from its
 *                       components.
 *
 * This function escapes reserved characters in the URI depending on the
 * value of the "encoding" argument.  You should use this function in
 * place of traditional string functions whenever you need to create a
 * URI string.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.2/macOS 10.5@
 */

http_uri_status_t			/* O - URI status */
httpAssembleURI(
    http_uri_coding_t encoding,		/* I - Encoding flags */
    char              *uri,		/* I - URI buffer */
    int               urilen,		/* I - Size of URI buffer */
    const char        *scheme,		/* I - Scheme name */
    const char        *username,	/* I - Username */
    const char        *host,		/* I - Hostname or address */
    int               port,		/* I - Port number */
    const char        *resource)	/* I - Resource */
{
  char		*ptr,			/* Pointer into URI buffer */
		*end;			/* End of URI buffer */


 /*
  * Range check input...
  */

  if (!uri || urilen < 1 || !scheme || port < 0)
  {
    if (uri)
      *uri = '\0';

    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
  }

 /*
  * Assemble the URI starting with the scheme...
  */

  end = uri + urilen - 1;
  ptr = http_copy_encode(uri, scheme, end, NULL, NULL, 0);

  if (!ptr)
    goto assemble_overflow;

  if (!strcmp(scheme, "geo") || !strcmp(scheme, "mailto") || !strcmp(scheme, "tel"))
  {
   /*
    * geo:, mailto:, and tel: only have :, no //...
    */

    if (ptr < end)
      *ptr++ = ':';
    else
      goto assemble_overflow;
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Schemes other than geo:, mailto:, and tel: typically have //...
    */

    if ((ptr + 2) < end)
    {
      *ptr++ = ':';
      *ptr++ = '/';
      *ptr++ = '/';
    }
    else
      goto assemble_overflow;
  }

 /*
  * Next the username and hostname, if any...
  */

  if (host)
  {
    const char	*hostptr;		/* Pointer into hostname */
    int		have_ipv6;		/* Do we have an IPv6 address? */

    if (username && *username)
    {
     /*
      * Add username@ first...
      */

      ptr = http_copy_encode(ptr, username, end, "/?#[]@", NULL,
                             encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_USERNAME);

      if (!ptr)
        goto assemble_overflow;

      if (ptr < end)
	*ptr++ = '@';
      else
        goto assemble_overflow;
    }

   /*
    * Then add the hostname.  Since IPv6 is a particular pain to deal
    * with, we have several special cases to deal with.  If we get
    * an IPv6 address with brackets around it, assume it is already in
    * URI format.  Since DNS-SD service names can sometimes look like
    * raw IPv6 addresses, we specifically look for "._tcp" in the name,
    * too...
    */

    for (hostptr = host,
             have_ipv6 = strchr(host, ':') && !strstr(host, "._tcp");
         *hostptr && have_ipv6;
         hostptr ++)
      if (*hostptr != ':' && !isxdigit(*hostptr & 255))
      {
        have_ipv6 = *hostptr == '%';
        break;
      }

    if (have_ipv6)
    {
     /*
      * We have a raw IPv6 address...
      */

      if (strchr(host, '%') && !(encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_RFC6874))
      {
       /*
        * We have a link-local address, add "[v1." prefix...
	*/

	if ((ptr + 4) < end)
	{
	  *ptr++ = '[';
	  *ptr++ = 'v';
	  *ptr++ = '1';
	  *ptr++ = '.';
	}
	else
          goto assemble_overflow;
      }
      else
      {
       /*
        * We have a normal (or RFC 6874 link-local) address, add "[" prefix...
	*/

	if (ptr < end)
	  *ptr++ = '[';
	else
          goto assemble_overflow;
      }

     /*
      * Copy the rest of the IPv6 address, and terminate with "]".
      */

      while (ptr < end && *host)
      {
        if (*host == '%')
        {
         /*
          * Convert/encode zone separator
          */

          if (encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_RFC6874)
          {
            if (ptr >= (end - 2))
              goto assemble_overflow;

            *ptr++ = '%';
            *ptr++ = '2';
            *ptr++ = '5';
          }
          else
	    *ptr++ = '+';

	  host ++;
	}
	else
	  *ptr++ = *host++;
      }

      if (*host)
        goto assemble_overflow;

      if (ptr < end)
	*ptr++ = ']';
      else
        goto assemble_overflow;
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Otherwise, just copy the host string (the extra chars are not in the
      * "reg-name" ABNF rule; anything <= SP or >= DEL plus % gets automatically
      * percent-encoded.
      */

      ptr = http_copy_encode(ptr, host, end, "\"#/:<>?@[\\]^`{|}", NULL,
                             encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_HOSTNAME);

      if (!ptr)
        goto assemble_overflow;
    }

   /*
    * Finish things off with the port number...
    */

    if (port > 0)
    {
      snprintf(ptr, (size_t)(end - ptr + 1), ":%d", port);
      ptr += strlen(ptr);

      if (ptr >= end)
	goto assemble_overflow;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Last but not least, add the resource string...
  */

  if (resource)
  {
    char	*query;			/* Pointer to query string */


   /*
    * Copy the resource string up to the query string if present...
    */

    query = strchr(resource, '?');
    ptr   = http_copy_encode(ptr, resource, end, NULL, "?",
                             encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_RESOURCE);
    if (!ptr)
      goto assemble_overflow;

    if (query)
    {
     /*
      * Copy query string without encoding...
      */

      ptr = http_copy_encode(ptr, query, end, NULL, NULL,
			     encoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_QUERY);
      if (!ptr)
	goto assemble_overflow;
    }
  }
  else if (ptr < end)
    *ptr++ = '/';
  else
    goto assemble_overflow;

 /*
  * Nul-terminate the URI buffer and return with no errors...
  */

  *ptr = '\0';

  return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_OK);

 /*
  * Clear the URI string and return an overflow error; I don't usually
  * like goto's, but in this case it makes sense...
  */

  assemble_overflow:

  *uri = '\0';
  return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_OVERFLOW);
}


/*
 * 'httpAssembleURIf()' - Assemble a uniform resource identifier from its
 *                        components with a formatted resource.
 *
 * This function creates a formatted version of the resource string
 * argument "resourcef" and escapes reserved characters in the URI
 * depending on the value of the "encoding" argument.  You should use
 * this function in place of traditional string functions whenever
 * you need to create a URI string.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.2/macOS 10.5@
 */

http_uri_status_t			/* O - URI status */
httpAssembleURIf(
    http_uri_coding_t encoding,		/* I - Encoding flags */
    char              *uri,		/* I - URI buffer */
    int               urilen,		/* I - Size of URI buffer */
    const char        *scheme,		/* I - Scheme name */
    const char        *username,	/* I - Username */
    const char        *host,		/* I - Hostname or address */
    int               port,		/* I - Port number */
    const char        *resourcef,	/* I - Printf-style resource */
    ...)				/* I - Additional arguments as needed */
{
  va_list	ap;			/* Pointer to additional arguments */
  char		resource[1024];		/* Formatted resource string */
  int		bytes;			/* Bytes in formatted string */


 /*
  * Range check input...
  */

  if (!uri || urilen < 1 || !scheme || port < 0 || !resourcef)
  {
    if (uri)
      *uri = '\0';

    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
  }

 /*
  * Format the resource string and assemble the URI...
  */

  va_start(ap, resourcef);
  bytes = vsnprintf(resource, sizeof(resource), resourcef, ap);
  va_end(ap);

  if ((size_t)bytes >= sizeof(resource))
  {
    *uri = '\0';
    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_OVERFLOW);
  }
  else
    return (httpAssembleURI(encoding,  uri, urilen, scheme, username, host,
                            port, resource));
}


/*
 * 'httpAssembleUUID()' - Assemble a name-based UUID URN conforming to RFC 4122.
 *
 * This function creates a unique 128-bit identifying number using the server
 * name, port number, random data, and optionally an object name and/or object
 * number.  The result is formatted as a UUID URN as defined in RFC 4122.
 *
 * The buffer needs to be at least 46 bytes in size.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.7/macOS 10.9@
 */

char *					/* I - UUID string */
httpAssembleUUID(const char *server,	/* I - Server name */
		 int        port,	/* I - Port number */
		 const char *name,	/* I - Object name or NULL */
		 int        number,	/* I - Object number or 0 */
		 char       *buffer,	/* I - String buffer */
		 size_t     bufsize)	/* I - Size of buffer */
{
  char			data[1024];	/* Source string for MD5 */
  _cups_md5_state_t	md5state;	/* MD5 state */
  unsigned char		md5sum[16];	/* MD5 digest/sum */


 /*
  * Build a version 3 UUID conforming to RFC 4122.
  *
  * Start with the MD5 sum of the server, port, object name and
  * number, and some random data on the end.
  */

  snprintf(data, sizeof(data), "%s:%d:%s:%d:%04x:%04x", server,
           port, name ? name : server, number,
	   (unsigned)CUPS_RAND() & 0xffff, (unsigned)CUPS_RAND() & 0xffff);

  _cupsMD5Init(&md5state);
  _cupsMD5Append(&md5state, (unsigned char *)data, (int)strlen(data));
  _cupsMD5Finish(&md5state, md5sum);

 /*
  * Generate the UUID from the MD5...
  */

  snprintf(buffer, bufsize,
           "urn:uuid:%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-"
	   "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
	   md5sum[0], md5sum[1], md5sum[2], md5sum[3], md5sum[4], md5sum[5],
	   (md5sum[6] & 15) | 0x30, md5sum[7], (md5sum[8] & 0x3f) | 0x40,
	   md5sum[9], md5sum[10], md5sum[11], md5sum[12], md5sum[13],
	   md5sum[14], md5sum[15]);

  return (buffer);
}


/*
 * 'httpDecode64()' - Base64-decode a string.
 *
 * This function is deprecated. Use the httpDecode64_2() function instead
 * which provides buffer length arguments.
 *
 * @deprecated@
 */

char *					/* O - Decoded string */
httpDecode64(char       *out,		/* I - String to write to */
             const char *in)		/* I - String to read from */
{
  int	outlen;				/* Output buffer length */


 /*
  * Use the old maximum buffer size for binary compatibility...
  */

  outlen = 512;

  return (httpDecode64_2(out, &outlen, in));
}


/*
 * 'httpDecode64_2()' - Base64-decode a string.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.1.21/macOS 10.4@
 */

char *					/* O  - Decoded string */
httpDecode64_2(char       *out,		/* I  - String to write to */
	       int        *outlen,	/* IO - Size of output string */
               const char *in)		/* I  - String to read from */
{
  int		pos;			/* Bit position */
  unsigned	base64;			/* Value of this character */
  char		*outptr,		/* Output pointer */
		*outend;		/* End of output buffer */


 /*
  * Range check input...
  */

  if (!out || !outlen || *outlen < 1 || !in)
    return (NULL);

  if (!*in)
  {
    *out    = '\0';
    *outlen = 0;

    return (out);
  }

 /*
  * Convert from base-64 to bytes...
  */

  for (outptr = out, outend = out + *outlen - 1, pos = 0; *in != '\0'; in ++)
  {
   /*
    * Decode this character into a number from 0 to 63...
    */

    if (*in >= 'A' && *in <= 'Z')
      base64 = (unsigned)(*in - 'A');
    else if (*in >= 'a' && *in <= 'z')
      base64 = (unsigned)(*in - 'a' + 26);
    else if (*in >= '0' && *in <= '9')
      base64 = (unsigned)(*in - '0' + 52);
    else if (*in == '+')
      base64 = 62;
    else if (*in == '/')
      base64 = 63;
    else if (*in == '=')
      break;
    else
      continue;

   /*
    * Store the result in the appropriate chars...
    */

    switch (pos)
    {
      case 0 :
          if (outptr < outend)
            *outptr = (char)(base64 << 2);
	  pos ++;
	  break;
      case 1 :
          if (outptr < outend)
            *outptr++ |= (char)((base64 >> 4) & 3);
          if (outptr < outend)
	    *outptr = (char)((base64 << 4) & 255);
	  pos ++;
	  break;
      case 2 :
          if (outptr < outend)
            *outptr++ |= (char)((base64 >> 2) & 15);
          if (outptr < outend)
	    *outptr = (char)((base64 << 6) & 255);
	  pos ++;
	  break;
      case 3 :
          if (outptr < outend)
            *outptr++ |= (char)base64;
	  pos = 0;
	  break;
    }
  }

  *outptr = '\0';

 /*
  * Return the decoded string and size...
  */

  *outlen = (int)(outptr - out);

  return (out);
}


/*
 * 'httpEncode64()' - Base64-encode a string.
 *
 * This function is deprecated. Use the httpEncode64_2() function instead
 * which provides buffer length arguments.
 *
 * @deprecated@
 */

char *					/* O - Encoded string */
httpEncode64(char       *out,		/* I - String to write to */
             const char *in)		/* I - String to read from */
{
  return (httpEncode64_2(out, 512, in, (int)strlen(in)));
}


/*
 * 'httpEncode64_2()' - Base64-encode a string.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.1.21/macOS 10.4@
 */

char *					/* O - Encoded string */
httpEncode64_2(char       *out,		/* I - String to write to */
	       int        outlen,	/* I - Size of output string */
               const char *in,		/* I - String to read from */
	       int        inlen)	/* I - Size of input string */
{
  char		*outptr,		/* Output pointer */
		*outend;		/* End of output buffer */
  static const char base64[] =		/* Base64 characters... */
  		{
		  "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
		  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		  "0123456789"
		  "+/"
  		};


 /*
  * Range check input...
  */

  if (!out || outlen < 1 || !in)
    return (NULL);

 /*
  * Convert bytes to base-64...
  */

  for (outptr = out, outend = out + outlen - 1; inlen > 0; in ++, inlen --)
  {
   /*
    * Encode the up to 3 characters as 4 Base64 numbers...
    */

    if (outptr < outend)
      *outptr ++ = base64[(in[0] & 255) >> 2];

    if (outptr < outend)
    {
      if (inlen > 1)
        *outptr ++ = base64[(((in[0] & 255) << 4) | ((in[1] & 255) >> 4)) & 63];
      else
        *outptr ++ = base64[((in[0] & 255) << 4) & 63];
    }

    in ++;
    inlen --;
    if (inlen <= 0)
    {
      if (outptr < outend)
        *outptr ++ = '=';
      if (outptr < outend)
        *outptr ++ = '=';
      break;
    }

    if (outptr < outend)
    {
      if (inlen > 1)
        *outptr ++ = base64[(((in[0] & 255) << 2) | ((in[1] & 255) >> 6)) & 63];
      else
        *outptr ++ = base64[((in[0] & 255) << 2) & 63];
    }

    in ++;
    inlen --;
    if (inlen <= 0)
    {
      if (outptr < outend)
        *outptr ++ = '=';
      break;
    }

    if (outptr < outend)
      *outptr ++ = base64[in[0] & 63];
  }

  *outptr = '\0';

 /*
  * Return the encoded string...
  */

  return (out);
}


/*
 * 'httpGetDateString()' - Get a formatted date/time string from a time value.
 *
 * @deprecated@
 */

const char *				/* O - Date/time string */
httpGetDateString(time_t t)		/* I - UNIX time */
{
  _cups_globals_t *cg = _cupsGlobals();	/* Pointer to library globals */


  return (httpGetDateString2(t, cg->http_date, sizeof(cg->http_date)));
}


/*
 * 'httpGetDateString2()' - Get a formatted date/time string from a time value.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.2/macOS 10.5@
 */

const char *				/* O - Date/time string */
httpGetDateString2(time_t t,		/* I - UNIX time */
                   char   *s,		/* I - String buffer */
		   int    slen)		/* I - Size of string buffer */
{
  struct tm	*tdate;			/* UNIX date/time data */


  tdate = gmtime(&t);
  if (tdate)
    snprintf(s, (size_t)slen, "%s, %02d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT", http_days[tdate->tm_wday], tdate->tm_mday, http_months[tdate->tm_mon], tdate->tm_year + 1900, tdate->tm_hour, tdate->tm_min, tdate->tm_sec);
  else
    s[0] = '\0';

  return (s);
}


/*
 * 'httpGetDateTime()' - Get a time value from a formatted date/time string.
 */

time_t					/* O - UNIX time */
httpGetDateTime(const char *s)		/* I - Date/time string */
{
  int		i;			/* Looping var */
  char		mon[16];		/* Abbreviated month name */
  int		day, year;		/* Day of month and year */
  int		hour, min, sec;		/* Time */
  int		days;			/* Number of days since 1970 */
  static const int normal_days[] =	/* Days to a month, normal years */
		{ 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
  static const int leap_days[] =	/* Days to a month, leap years */
		{ 0, 31, 60, 91, 121, 152, 182, 213, 244, 274, 305, 335, 366 };


  DEBUG_printf(("2httpGetDateTime(s=\"%s\")", s));

 /*
  * Extract the date and time from the formatted string...
  */

  if (sscanf(s, "%*s%d%15s%d%d:%d:%d", &day, mon, &year, &hour, &min, &sec) < 6)
    return (0);

  DEBUG_printf(("4httpGetDateTime: day=%d, mon=\"%s\", year=%d, hour=%d, "
                "min=%d, sec=%d", day, mon, year, hour, min, sec));

 /*
  * Convert the month name to a number from 0 to 11.
  */

  for (i = 0; i < 12; i ++)
    if (!_cups_strcasecmp(mon, http_months[i]))
      break;

  if (i >= 12)
    return (0);

  DEBUG_printf(("4httpGetDateTime: i=%d", i));

 /*
  * Now convert the date and time to a UNIX time value in seconds since
  * 1970.  We can't use mktime() since the timezone may not be UTC but
  * the date/time string *is* UTC.
  */

  if ((year & 3) == 0 && ((year % 100) != 0 || (year % 400) == 0))
    days = leap_days[i] + day - 1;
  else
    days = normal_days[i] + day - 1;

  DEBUG_printf(("4httpGetDateTime: days=%d", days));

  days += (year - 1970) * 365 +		/* 365 days per year (normally) */
          ((year - 1) / 4 - 492) -	/* + leap days */
	  ((year - 1) / 100 - 19) +	/* - 100 year days */
          ((year - 1) / 400 - 4);	/* + 400 year days */

  DEBUG_printf(("4httpGetDateTime: days=%d\n", days));

  return (days * 86400 + hour * 3600 + min * 60 + sec);
}


/*
 * 'httpSeparate()' - Separate a Universal Resource Identifier into its
 *                    components.
 *
 * This function is deprecated; use the httpSeparateURI() function instead.
 *
 * @deprecated@
 */

void
httpSeparate(const char *uri,		/* I - Universal Resource Identifier */
             char       *scheme,	/* O - Scheme [32] (http, https, etc.) */
	     char       *username,	/* O - Username [1024] */
	     char       *host,		/* O - Hostname [1024] */
	     int        *port,		/* O - Port number to use */
             char       *resource)	/* O - Resource/filename [1024] */
{
  httpSeparateURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uri, scheme, 32, username,
                  HTTP_MAX_URI, host, HTTP_MAX_URI, port, resource,
		  HTTP_MAX_URI);
}


/*
 * 'httpSeparate2()' - Separate a Universal Resource Identifier into its
 *                     components.
 *
 * This function is deprecated; use the httpSeparateURI() function instead.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.1.21/macOS 10.4@
 * @deprecated@
 */

void
httpSeparate2(const char *uri,		/* I - Universal Resource Identifier */
              char       *scheme,	/* O - Scheme (http, https, etc.) */
	      int        schemelen,	/* I - Size of scheme buffer */
	      char       *username,	/* O - Username */
	      int        usernamelen,	/* I - Size of username buffer */
	      char       *host,		/* O - Hostname */
	      int        hostlen,	/* I - Size of hostname buffer */
	      int        *port,		/* O - Port number to use */
              char       *resource,	/* O - Resource/filename */
	      int        resourcelen)	/* I - Size of resource buffer */
{
  httpSeparateURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uri, scheme, schemelen, username,
                  usernamelen, host, hostlen, port, resource, resourcelen);
}


/*
 * 'httpSeparateURI()' - Separate a Universal Resource Identifier into its
 *                       components.
 *
 * @since CUPS 1.2/macOS 10.5@
 */

http_uri_status_t			/* O - Result of separation */
httpSeparateURI(
    http_uri_coding_t decoding,		/* I - Decoding flags */
    const char        *uri,		/* I - Universal Resource Identifier */
    char              *scheme,		/* O - Scheme (http, https, etc.) */
    int               schemelen,	/* I - Size of scheme buffer */
    char              *username,	/* O - Username */
    int               usernamelen,	/* I - Size of username buffer */
    char              *host,		/* O - Hostname */
    int               hostlen,		/* I - Size of hostname buffer */
    int               *port,		/* O - Port number to use */
    char              *resource,	/* O - Resource/filename */
    int               resourcelen)	/* I - Size of resource buffer */
{
  char			*ptr,		/* Pointer into string... */
			*end;		/* End of string */
  const char		*sep;		/* Separator character */
  http_uri_status_t	status;		/* Result of separation */


 /*
  * Initialize everything to blank...
  */

  if (scheme && schemelen > 0)
    *scheme = '\0';

  if (username && usernamelen > 0)
    *username = '\0';

  if (host && hostlen > 0)
    *host = '\0';

  if (port)
    *port = 0;

  if (resource && resourcelen > 0)
    *resource = '\0';

 /*
  * Range check input...
  */

  if (!uri || !port || !scheme || schemelen <= 0 || !username ||
      usernamelen <= 0 || !host || hostlen <= 0 || !resource ||
      resourcelen <= 0)
    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_ARGUMENTS);

  if (!*uri)
    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_URI);

 /*
  * Grab the scheme portion of the URI...
  */

  status = HTTP_URI_STATUS_OK;

  if (!strncmp(uri, "//", 2))
  {
   /*
    * Workaround for HP IPP client bug...
    */

    strlcpy(scheme, "ipp", (size_t)schemelen);
    status = HTTP_URI_STATUS_MISSING_SCHEME;
  }
  else if (*uri == '/')
  {
   /*
    * Filename...
    */

    strlcpy(scheme, "file", (size_t)schemelen);
    status = HTTP_URI_STATUS_MISSING_SCHEME;
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Standard URI with scheme...
    */

    for (ptr = scheme, end = scheme + schemelen - 1;
         *uri && *uri != ':' && ptr < end;)
      if (strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
                 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		 "0123456789-+.", *uri) != NULL)
        *ptr++ = *uri++;
      else
        break;

    *ptr = '\0';

    if (*uri != ':')
    {
      *scheme = '\0';
      return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_SCHEME);
    }

    uri ++;
  }

 /*
  * Set the default port number...
  */

  if (!strcmp(scheme, "http"))
    *port = 80;
  else if (!strcmp(scheme, "https"))
    *port = 443;
  else if (!strcmp(scheme, "ipp") || !strcmp(scheme, "ipps"))
    *port = 631;
  else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(scheme, "lpd"))
    *port = 515;
  else if (!strcmp(scheme, "socket"))	/* Not yet registered with IANA... */
    *port = 9100;
  else if (strcmp(scheme, "file") && strcmp(scheme, "mailto") && strcmp(scheme, "tel"))
    status = HTTP_URI_STATUS_UNKNOWN_SCHEME;

 /*
  * Now see if we have a hostname...
  */

  if (!strncmp(uri, "//", 2))
  {
   /*
    * Yes, extract it...
    */

    uri += 2;

   /*
    * Grab the username, if any...
    */

    if ((sep = strpbrk(uri, "@/")) != NULL && *sep == '@')
    {
     /*
      * Get a username:password combo...
      */

      uri = http_copy_decode(username, uri, usernamelen, "@",
                             decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_USERNAME);

      if (!uri)
      {
        *username = '\0';
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_USERNAME);
      }

      uri ++;
    }

   /*
    * Then the hostname/IP address...
    */

    if (*uri == '[')
    {
     /*
      * Grab IPv6 address...
      */

      uri ++;
      if (*uri == 'v')
      {
       /*
        * Skip IPvFuture ("vXXXX.") prefix...
        */

        uri ++;

        while (isxdigit(*uri & 255))
          uri ++;

        if (*uri != '.')
        {
	  *host = '\0';
	  return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
        }

        uri ++;
      }

      uri = http_copy_decode(host, uri, hostlen, "]",
                             decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_HOSTNAME);

      if (!uri)
      {
        *host = '\0';
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
      }

     /*
      * Validate value...
      */

      if (*uri != ']')
      {
        *host = '\0';
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
      }

      uri ++;

      for (ptr = host; *ptr; ptr ++)
        if (*ptr == '+')
	{
	 /*
	  * Convert zone separator to % and stop here...
	  */

	  *ptr = '%';
	  break;
	}
	else if (*ptr == '%')
	{
	 /*
	  * Stop at zone separator (RFC 6874)
	  */

	  break;
	}
	else if (*ptr != ':' && *ptr != '.' && !isxdigit(*ptr & 255))
	{
	  *host = '\0';
	  return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
	}
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Validate the hostname or IPv4 address first...
      */

      for (ptr = (char *)uri; *ptr; ptr ++)
        if (strchr(":?/", *ptr))
	  break;
        else if (!strchr("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"	/* unreserved */
			 "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"	/* unreserved */
			 "0123456789"			/* unreserved */
	        	 "-._~"				/* unreserved */
			 "%"				/* pct-encoded */
			 "!$&'()*+,;="			/* sub-delims */
			 "\\", *ptr))			/* SMB domain */
	{
	  *host = '\0';
	  return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
	}

     /*
      * Then copy the hostname or IPv4 address to the buffer...
      */

      uri = http_copy_decode(host, uri, hostlen, ":?/",
                             decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_HOSTNAME);

      if (!uri)
      {
        *host = '\0';
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
      }
    }

   /*
    * Validate hostname for file scheme - only empty and localhost are
    * acceptable.
    */

    if (!strcmp(scheme, "file") && strcmp(host, "localhost") && host[0])
    {
      *host = '\0';
      return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME);
    }

   /*
    * See if we have a port number...
    */

    if (*uri == ':')
    {
     /*
      * Yes, collect the port number...
      */

      if (!isdigit(uri[1] & 255))
      {
        *port = 0;
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_PORT);
      }

      *port = (int)strtol(uri + 1, (char **)&uri, 10);

      if (*port <= 0 || *port > 65535)
      {
        *port = 0;
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_PORT);
      }

      if (*uri != '/' && *uri)
      {
        *port = 0;
        return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_PORT);
      }
    }
  }

 /*
  * The remaining portion is the resource string...
  */

  if (*uri == '?' || !*uri)
  {
   /*
    * Hostname but no path...
    */

    status    = HTTP_URI_STATUS_MISSING_RESOURCE;
    *resource = '/';

   /*
    * Copy any query string...
    */

    if (*uri == '?')
      uri = http_copy_decode(resource + 1, uri, resourcelen - 1, NULL,
                             decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_QUERY);
    else
      resource[1] = '\0';
  }
  else
  {
    uri = http_copy_decode(resource, uri, resourcelen, "?",
                           decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_RESOURCE);

    if (uri && *uri == '?')
    {
     /*
      * Concatenate any query string...
      */

      char *resptr = resource + strlen(resource);

      uri = http_copy_decode(resptr, uri,
                             resourcelen - (int)(resptr - resource), NULL,
                             decoding & HTTP_URI_CODING_QUERY);
    }
  }

  if (!uri)
  {
    *resource = '\0';
    return (HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_RESOURCE);
  }

 /*
  * Return the URI separation status...
  */

  return (status);
}


/*
 * 'httpStateString()' - Return the string describing a HTTP state value.
 *
 * @since CUPS 2.0/OS 10.10@
 */

const char *				/* O - State string */
httpStateString(http_state_t state)	/* I - HTTP state value */
{
  if (state < HTTP_STATE_ERROR || state > HTTP_STATE_UNKNOWN_VERSION)
    return ("HTTP_STATE_???");
  else
    return (http_states[state - HTTP_STATE_ERROR]);
}


/*
 * '_httpStatus()' - Return the localized string describing a HTTP status code.
 *
 * The returned string is localized using the passed message catalog.
 */

const char *				/* O - Localized status string */
_httpStatus(cups_lang_t   *lang,	/* I - Language */
            http_status_t status)	/* I - HTTP status code */
{
  const char	*s;			/* Status string */


  switch (status)
  {
    case HTTP_STATUS_ERROR :
        s = strerror(errno);
        break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_CONTINUE :
        s = _("Continue");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS :
        s = _("Switching Protocols");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_OK :
        s = _("OK");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_CREATED :
        s = _("Created");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_ACCEPTED :
        s = _("Accepted");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_NO_CONTENT :
        s = _("No Content");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_MOVED_PERMANENTLY :
        s = _("Moved Permanently");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_SEE_OTHER :
        s = _("See Other");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_NOT_MODIFIED :
        s = _("Not Modified");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_BAD_REQUEST :
        s = _("Bad Request");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED :
    case HTTP_STATUS_CUPS_AUTHORIZATION_CANCELED :
        s = _("Unauthorized");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN :
        s = _("Forbidden");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND :
        s = _("Not Found");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_TOO_LARGE :
        s = _("Request Entity Too Large");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_URI_TOO_LONG :
        s = _("URI Too Long");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED :
        s = _("Upgrade Required");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED :
        s = _("Not Implemented");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED :
        s = _("Not Supported");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_EXPECTATION_FAILED :
        s = _("Expectation Failed");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE :
        s = _("Service Unavailable");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_SERVER_ERROR :
        s = _("Internal Server Error");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_CUPS_PKI_ERROR :
        s = _("SSL/TLS Negotiation Error");
	break;
    case HTTP_STATUS_CUPS_WEBIF_DISABLED :
        s = _("Web Interface is Disabled");
	break;

    default :
        s = _("Unknown");
	break;
  }

  return (_cupsLangString(lang, s));
}


/*
 * 'httpStatus()' - Return a short string describing a HTTP status code.
 *
 * The returned string is localized to the current POSIX locale and is based
 * on the status strings defined in RFC 2616.
 */

const char *				/* O - Localized status string */
httpStatus(http_status_t status)	/* I - HTTP status code */
{
  _cups_globals_t *cg = _cupsGlobals();	/* Global data */


  if (!cg->lang_default)
    cg->lang_default = cupsLangDefault();

  return (_httpStatus(cg->lang_default, status));
}

/*
 * 'httpURIStatusString()' - Return a string describing a URI status code.
 *
 * @since CUPS 2.0/OS 10.10@
 */

const char *				/* O - Localized status string */
httpURIStatusString(
    http_uri_status_t status)		/* I - URI status code */
{
  const char	*s;			/* Status string */
  _cups_globals_t *cg = _cupsGlobals();	/* Global data */


  if (!cg->lang_default)
    cg->lang_default = cupsLangDefault();

  switch (status)
  {
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_OVERFLOW :
	s = _("URI too large");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_ARGUMENTS :
	s = _("Bad arguments to function");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_RESOURCE :
	s = _("Bad resource in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_PORT :
	s = _("Bad port number in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_HOSTNAME :
	s = _("Bad hostname/address in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_USERNAME :
	s = _("Bad username in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_SCHEME :
	s = _("Bad scheme in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_BAD_URI :
	s = _("Bad/empty URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_OK :
	s = _("OK");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_MISSING_SCHEME :
	s = _("Missing scheme in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_UNKNOWN_SCHEME :
	s = _("Unknown scheme in URI");
	break;
    case HTTP_URI_STATUS_MISSING_RESOURCE :
	s = _("Missing resource in URI");
	break;

    default:
        s = _("Unknown");
	break;
  }

  return (_cupsLangString(cg->lang_default, s));
}


#ifndef HAVE_HSTRERROR
/*
 * '_cups_hstrerror()' - hstrerror() emulation function for Solaris and others.
 */

const char *				/* O - Error string */
_cups_hstrerror(int error)		/* I - Error number */
{
  static const char * const errors[] =	/* Error strings */
		{
		  "OK",
		  "Host not found.",
		  "Try again.",
		  "Unrecoverable lookup error.",
		  "No data associated with name."
		};


  if (error < 0 || error > 4)
    return ("Unknown hostname lookup error.");
  else
    return (errors[error]);
}
#endif /* !HAVE_HSTRERROR */


/*
 * '_httpDecodeURI()' - Percent-decode a HTTP request URI.
 */

char *					/* O - Decoded URI or NULL on error */
_httpDecodeURI(char       *dst,		/* I - Destination buffer */
               const char *src,		/* I - Source URI */
	       size_t     dstsize)	/* I - Size of destination buffer */
{
  if (http_copy_decode(dst, src, (int)dstsize, NULL, 1))
    return (dst);
  else
    return (NULL);
}


/*
 * '_httpEncodeURI()' - Percent-encode a HTTP request URI.
 */

char *					/* O - Encoded URI */
_httpEncodeURI(char       *dst,		/* I - Destination buffer */
               const char *src,		/* I - Source URI */
	       size_t     dstsize)	/* I - Size of destination buffer */
{
  http_copy_encode(dst, src, dst + dstsize - 1, NULL, NULL, 1);
  return (dst);
}


/*
 * '_httpResolveURI()' - Resolve a DNS-SD URI.
 */

const char *				/* O - Resolved URI */
_httpResolveURI(
    const char *uri,			/* I - DNS-SD URI */
    char       *resolved_uri,		/* I - Buffer for resolved URI */
    size_t     resolved_size,		/* I - Size of URI buffer */
    int        options,			/* I - Resolve options */
    int        (*cb)(void *context),	/* I - Continue callback function */
    void       *context)		/* I - Context pointer for callback */
{
  char			scheme[32],	/* URI components... */
			userpass[256],
			hostname[1024],
			resource[1024];
  int			port;
#ifdef DEBUG
  http_uri_status_t	status;		/* URI decode status */
#endif /* DEBUG */


  DEBUG_printf(("_httpResolveURI(uri=\"%s\", resolved_uri=%p, resolved_size=" CUPS_LLFMT ", options=0x%x, cb=%p, context=%p)", uri, (void *)resolved_uri, CUPS_LLCAST resolved_size, options, (void *)cb, context));

 /*
  * Get the device URI...
  */

#ifdef DEBUG
  if ((status = httpSeparateURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uri, scheme,
                                sizeof(scheme), userpass, sizeof(userpass),
				hostname, sizeof(hostname), &port, resource,
				sizeof(resource))) < HTTP_URI_STATUS_OK)
#else
  if (httpSeparateURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uri, scheme,
		      sizeof(scheme), userpass, sizeof(userpass),
		      hostname, sizeof(hostname), &port, resource,
		      sizeof(resource)) < HTTP_URI_STATUS_OK)
#endif /* DEBUG */
  {
    if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
      _cupsLangPrintFilter(stderr, "ERROR", _("Bad device-uri \"%s\"."), uri);

    DEBUG_printf(("2_httpResolveURI: httpSeparateURI returned %d!", status));
    DEBUG_puts("2_httpResolveURI: Returning NULL");
    return (NULL);
  }

 /*
  * Resolve it as needed...
  */

  if (strstr(hostname, "._tcp"))
  {
#if defined(HAVE_DNSSD) || defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
    char		*regtype,	/* Pointer to type in hostname */
			*domain,	/* Pointer to domain in hostname */
			*uuid,		/* Pointer to UUID in URI */
			*uuidend;	/* Pointer to end of UUID in URI */
    _http_uribuf_t	uribuf;		/* URI buffer */
    int			offline = 0;	/* offline-report state set? */
#  ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
#    ifdef WIN32
#      pragma comment(lib, "dnssd.lib")
#    endif /* WIN32 */
    DNSServiceRef	ref,		/* DNS-SD master service reference */
			domainref = NULL,/* DNS-SD service reference for domain */
			ippref = NULL,	/* DNS-SD service reference for network IPP */
			ippsref = NULL,	/* DNS-SD service reference for network IPPS */
			localref;	/* DNS-SD service reference for .local */
    int			extrasent = 0;	/* Send the domain/IPP/IPPS resolves? */
#    ifdef HAVE_POLL
    struct pollfd	polldata;	/* Polling data */
#    else /* select() */
    fd_set		input_set;	/* Input set for select() */
    struct timeval	stimeout;	/* Timeout value for select() */
#    endif /* HAVE_POLL */
#  elif defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
    AvahiClient		*client;	/* Client information */
    int			error;		/* Status */
#  endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */

    if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
      fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Resolving \"%s\"...\n", hostname);

   /*
    * Separate the hostname into service name, registration type, and domain...
    */

    for (regtype = strstr(hostname, "._tcp") - 2;
         regtype > hostname;
	 regtype --)
      if (regtype[0] == '.' && regtype[1] == '_')
      {
       /*
        * Found ._servicetype in front of ._tcp...
	*/

        *regtype++ = '\0';
	break;
      }

    if (regtype <= hostname)
    {
      DEBUG_puts("2_httpResolveURI: Bad hostname, returning NULL");
      return (NULL);
    }

    for (domain = strchr(regtype, '.');
         domain;
	 domain = strchr(domain + 1, '.'))
      if (domain[1] != '_')
        break;

    if (domain)
      *domain++ = '\0';

    if ((uuid = strstr(resource, "?uuid=")) != NULL)
    {
      *uuid = '\0';
      uuid  += 6;
      if ((uuidend = strchr(uuid, '&')) != NULL)
        *uuidend = '\0';
    }

    resolved_uri[0] = '\0';

    uribuf.buffer   = resolved_uri;
    uribuf.bufsize  = resolved_size;
    uribuf.options  = options;
    uribuf.resource = resource;
    uribuf.uuid     = uuid;

    DEBUG_printf(("2_httpResolveURI: Resolving hostname=\"%s\", regtype=\"%s\", "
                  "domain=\"%s\"\n", hostname, regtype, domain));
    if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
    {
      fputs("STATE: +connecting-to-device\n", stderr);
      fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Resolving \"%s\", regtype=\"%s\", "
                      "domain=\"local.\"...\n", hostname, regtype);
    }

    uri = NULL;

#  ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
    if (DNSServiceCreateConnection(&ref) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError)
    {
      uint32_t myinterface = kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny;
					/* Lookup on any interface */

      if (!strcmp(scheme, "ippusb"))
        myinterface = kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly;

      localref = ref;
      if (DNSServiceResolve(&localref,
                            kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection, myinterface,
                            hostname, regtype, "local.", http_resolve_cb,
			    &uribuf) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError)
      {
	int	fds;			/* Number of ready descriptors */
	time_t	timeout,		/* Poll timeout */
		start_time = time(NULL),/* Start time */
		end_time = start_time + 90;
					/* End time */

	while (time(NULL) < end_time)
	{
	  if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
	    _cupsLangPrintFilter(stderr, "INFO", _("Looking for printer."));

	  if (cb && !(*cb)(context))
	  {
	    DEBUG_puts("2_httpResolveURI: callback returned 0 (stop)");
	    break;
	  }

	 /*
	  * Wakeup every 2 seconds to emit a "looking for printer" message...
	  */

	  if ((timeout = end_time - time(NULL)) > 2)
	    timeout = 2;

#    ifdef HAVE_POLL
	  polldata.fd     = DNSServiceRefSockFD(ref);
	  polldata.events = POLLIN;

	  fds = poll(&polldata, 1, (int)(1000 * timeout));

#    else /* select() */
	  FD_ZERO(&input_set);
	  FD_SET(DNSServiceRefSockFD(ref), &input_set);

#      ifdef WIN32
	  stimeout.tv_sec  = (long)timeout;
#      else
	  stimeout.tv_sec  = timeout;
#      endif /* WIN32 */
	  stimeout.tv_usec = 0;

	  fds = select(DNSServiceRefSockFD(ref)+1, &input_set, NULL, NULL,
		       &stimeout);
#    endif /* HAVE_POLL */

	  if (fds < 0)
	  {
	    if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN)
	    {
	      DEBUG_printf(("2_httpResolveURI: poll error: %s", strerror(errno)));
	      break;
	    }
	  }
	  else if (fds == 0)
	  {
	   /*
	    * Wait 2 seconds for a response to the local resolve; if nothing
	    * comes in, do an additional domain resolution...
	    */

	    if (extrasent == 0 && domain && _cups_strcasecmp(domain, "local."))
	    {
	      if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
		fprintf(stderr,
		        "DEBUG: Resolving \"%s\", regtype=\"%s\", "
			"domain=\"%s\"...\n", hostname, regtype,
			domain ? domain : "");

	      domainref = ref;
	      if (DNSServiceResolve(&domainref,
	                            kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection,
	                            myinterface, hostname, regtype, domain,
				    http_resolve_cb,
				    &uribuf) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError)
		extrasent = 1;
	    }
	    else if (extrasent == 0 && !strcmp(scheme, "ippusb"))
	    {
	      if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
		fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Resolving \"%s\", regtype=\"_ipps._tcp\", domain=\"local.\"...\n", hostname);

	      ippsref = ref;
	      if (DNSServiceResolve(&ippsref,
	                            kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection,
	                            kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny, hostname,
	                            "_ipps._tcp", domain, http_resolve_cb,
				    &uribuf) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError)
		extrasent = 1;
	    }
	    else if (extrasent == 1 && !strcmp(scheme, "ippusb"))
	    {
	      if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
		fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Resolving \"%s\", regtype=\"_ipp._tcp\", domain=\"local.\"...\n", hostname);

	      ippref = ref;
	      if (DNSServiceResolve(&ippref,
	                            kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection,
	                            kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny, hostname,
	                            "_ipp._tcp", domain, http_resolve_cb,
				    &uribuf) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError)
		extrasent = 2;
	    }

	   /*
	    * If it hasn't resolved within 5 seconds set the offline-report
	    * printer-state-reason...
	    */

	    if ((options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR) && offline == 0 &&
	        time(NULL) > (start_time + 5))
	    {
	      fputs("STATE: +offline-report\n", stderr);
	      offline = 1;
	    }
	  }
	  else
	  {
	    if (DNSServiceProcessResult(ref) == kDNSServiceErr_NoError &&
	        resolved_uri[0])
	    {
	      uri = resolved_uri;
	      break;
	    }
	  }
	}

	if (extrasent)
	{
	  if (domainref)
	    DNSServiceRefDeallocate(domainref);
	  if (ippref)
	    DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ippref);
	  if (ippsref)
	    DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ippsref);
	}

	DNSServiceRefDeallocate(localref);
      }

      DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref);
    }
#  else /* HAVE_AVAHI */
    if ((uribuf.poll = avahi_simple_poll_new()) != NULL)
    {
      avahi_simple_poll_set_func(uribuf.poll, http_poll_cb, NULL);

      if ((client = avahi_client_new(avahi_simple_poll_get(uribuf.poll),
				      0, http_client_cb,
				      &uribuf, &error)) != NULL)
      {
	if (avahi_service_resolver_new(client, AVAHI_IF_UNSPEC,
				       AVAHI_PROTO_UNSPEC, hostname,
				       regtype, "local.", AVAHI_PROTO_UNSPEC, 0,
				       http_resolve_cb, &uribuf) != NULL)
	{
	  time_t	start_time = time(NULL),
	  				/* Start time */
			end_time = start_time + 90;
					/* End time */
          int           pstatus;	/* Poll status */

	  pstatus = avahi_simple_poll_iterate(uribuf.poll, 2000);

	  if (pstatus == 0 && !resolved_uri[0] && domain &&
	      _cups_strcasecmp(domain, "local."))
	  {
	   /*
	    * Resolve for .local hasn't returned anything, try the listed
	    * domain...
	    */

	    avahi_service_resolver_new(client, AVAHI_IF_UNSPEC,
				       AVAHI_PROTO_UNSPEC, hostname,
				       regtype, domain, AVAHI_PROTO_UNSPEC, 0,
				       http_resolve_cb, &uribuf);
          }

	  while (!pstatus && !resolved_uri[0] && time(NULL) < end_time)
          {
  	    if ((pstatus = avahi_simple_poll_iterate(uribuf.poll, 2000)) != 0)
  	      break;

	   /*
	    * If it hasn't resolved within 5 seconds set the offline-report
	    * printer-state-reason...
	    */

	    if ((options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR) && offline == 0 &&
	        time(NULL) > (start_time + 5))
	    {
	      fputs("STATE: +offline-report\n", stderr);
	      offline = 1;
	    }
          }

	 /*
	  * Collect the result (if we got one).
	  */

	  if (resolved_uri[0])
	    uri = resolved_uri;
	}

	avahi_client_free(client);
      }

      avahi_simple_poll_free(uribuf.poll);
    }
#  endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */

    if (options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
    {
      if (uri)
      {
        fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Resolved as \"%s\"...\n", uri);
	fputs("STATE: -connecting-to-device,offline-report\n", stderr);
      }
      else
      {
        fputs("DEBUG: Unable to resolve URI\n", stderr);
	fputs("STATE: -connecting-to-device\n", stderr);
      }
    }

#else /* HAVE_DNSSD || HAVE_AVAHI */
   /*
    * No DNS-SD support...
    */

    uri = NULL;
#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD || HAVE_AVAHI */

    if ((options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR) && !uri)
      _cupsLangPrintFilter(stderr, "INFO", _("Unable to find printer."));
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Nothing more to do...
    */

    strlcpy(resolved_uri, uri, resolved_size);
    uri = resolved_uri;
  }

  DEBUG_printf(("2_httpResolveURI: Returning \"%s\"", uri));

  return (uri);
}


#ifdef HAVE_AVAHI
/*
 * 'http_client_cb()' - Client callback for resolving URI.
 */

static void
http_client_cb(
    AvahiClient      *client,		/* I - Client information */
    AvahiClientState state,		/* I - Current state */
    void             *context)		/* I - Pointer to URI buffer */
{
  DEBUG_printf(("7http_client_cb(client=%p, state=%d, context=%p)", client,
                state, context));

 /*
  * If the connection drops, quit.
  */

  if (state == AVAHI_CLIENT_FAILURE)
  {
    _http_uribuf_t *uribuf = (_http_uribuf_t *)context;
					/* URI buffer */

    avahi_simple_poll_quit(uribuf->poll);
  }
}
#endif /* HAVE_AVAHI */


/*
 * 'http_copy_decode()' - Copy and decode a URI.
 */

static const char *			/* O - New source pointer or NULL on error */
http_copy_decode(char       *dst,	/* O - Destination buffer */
                 const char *src,	/* I - Source pointer */
		 int        dstsize,	/* I - Destination size */
		 const char *term,	/* I - Terminating characters */
		 int        decode)	/* I - Decode %-encoded values */
{
  char	*ptr,				/* Pointer into buffer */
	*end;				/* End of buffer */
  int	quoted;				/* Quoted character */


 /*
  * Copy the src to the destination until we hit a terminating character
  * or the end of the string.
  */

  for (ptr = dst, end = dst + dstsize - 1;
       *src && (!term || !strchr(term, *src));
       src ++)
    if (ptr < end)
    {
      if (*src == '%' && decode)
      {
        if (isxdigit(src[1] & 255) && isxdigit(src[2] & 255))
	{
	 /*
	  * Grab a hex-encoded character...
	  */

          src ++;
	  if (isalpha(*src))
	    quoted = (tolower(*src) - 'a' + 10) << 4;
	  else
	    quoted = (*src - '0') << 4;

          src ++;
	  if (isalpha(*src))
	    quoted |= tolower(*src) - 'a' + 10;
	  else
	    quoted |= *src - '0';

          *ptr++ = (char)quoted;
	}
	else
	{
	 /*
	  * Bad hex-encoded character...
	  */

	  *ptr = '\0';
	  return (NULL);
	}
      }
      else if ((*src & 255) <= 0x20 || (*src & 255) >= 0x7f)
      {
        *ptr = '\0';
        return (NULL);
      }
      else
	*ptr++ = *src;
    }

  *ptr = '\0';

  return (src);
}


/*
 * 'http_copy_encode()' - Copy and encode a URI.
 */

static char *				/* O - End of current URI */
http_copy_encode(char       *dst,	/* O - Destination buffer */
                 const char *src,	/* I - Source pointer */
		 char       *dstend,	/* I - End of destination buffer */
                 const char *reserved,	/* I - Extra reserved characters */
		 const char *term,	/* I - Terminating characters */
		 int        encode)	/* I - %-encode reserved chars? */
{
  static const char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";


  while (*src && dst < dstend)
  {
    if (term && *src == *term)
      return (dst);

    if (encode && (*src == '%' || *src <= ' ' || *src & 128 ||
                   (reserved && strchr(reserved, *src))))
    {
     /*
      * Hex encode reserved characters...
      */

      if ((dst + 2) >= dstend)
        break;

      *dst++ = '%';
      *dst++ = hex[(*src >> 4) & 15];
      *dst++ = hex[*src & 15];

      src ++;
    }
    else
      *dst++ = *src++;
  }

  *dst = '\0';

  if (*src)
    return (NULL);
  else
    return (dst);
}


#ifdef HAVE_DNSSD
/*
 * 'http_resolve_cb()' - Build a device URI for the given service name.
 */

static void DNSSD_API
http_resolve_cb(
    DNSServiceRef       sdRef,		/* I - Service reference */
    DNSServiceFlags     flags,		/* I - Results flags */
    uint32_t            interfaceIndex,	/* I - Interface number */
    DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,	/* I - Error, if any */
    const char          *fullName,	/* I - Full service name */
    const char          *hostTarget,	/* I - Hostname */
    uint16_t            port,		/* I - Port number */
    uint16_t            txtLen,		/* I - Length of TXT record */
    const unsigned char *txtRecord,	/* I - TXT record data */
    void                *context)	/* I - Pointer to URI buffer */
{
  _http_uribuf_t	*uribuf = (_http_uribuf_t *)context;
					/* URI buffer */
  const char		*scheme,	/* URI scheme */
			*hostptr,	/* Pointer into hostTarget */
			*reskey,	/* "rp" or "rfo" */
			*resdefault;	/* Default path */
  char			resource[257],	/* Remote path */
			fqdn[256];	/* FQDN of the .local name */
  const void		*value;		/* Value from TXT record */
  uint8_t		valueLen;	/* Length of value */


  DEBUG_printf(("4http_resolve_cb(sdRef=%p, flags=%x, interfaceIndex=%u, errorCode=%d, fullName=\"%s\", hostTarget=\"%s\", port=%u, txtLen=%u, txtRecord=%p, context=%p)", (void *)sdRef, flags, interfaceIndex, errorCode, fullName, hostTarget, port, txtLen, (void *)txtRecord, context));

 /*
  * If we have a UUID, compare it...
  */

  if (uribuf->uuid &&
      (value = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "UUID",
                                    &valueLen)) != NULL)
  {
    char	uuid[256];		/* UUID value */

    memcpy(uuid, value, valueLen);
    uuid[valueLen] = '\0';

    if (_cups_strcasecmp(uuid, uribuf->uuid))
    {
      if (uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
	fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Found UUID %s, looking for %s.", uuid,
		uribuf->uuid);

      DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Found UUID %s, looking for %s.", uuid,
                    uribuf->uuid));
      return;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Figure out the scheme from the full name...
  */

  if (strstr(fullName, "._ipps") || strstr(fullName, "._ipp-tls"))
    scheme = "ipps";
  else if (strstr(fullName, "._ipp") || strstr(fullName, "._fax-ipp"))
    scheme = "ipp";
  else if (strstr(fullName, "._http."))
    scheme = "http";
  else if (strstr(fullName, "._https."))
    scheme = "https";
  else if (strstr(fullName, "._printer."))
    scheme = "lpd";
  else if (strstr(fullName, "._pdl-datastream."))
    scheme = "socket";
  else
    scheme = "riousbprint";

 /*
  * Extract the "remote printer" key from the TXT record...
  */

  if ((uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_FAXOUT) &&
      (!strcmp(scheme, "ipp") || !strcmp(scheme, "ipps")) &&
      !TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "printer-type", &valueLen))
  {
    reskey     = "rfo";
    resdefault = "/ipp/faxout";
  }
  else
  {
    reskey     = "rp";
    resdefault = "/";
  }

  if ((value = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, reskey,
                                    &valueLen)) != NULL)
  {
    if (((char *)value)[0] == '/')
    {
     /*
      * Value (incorrectly) has a leading slash already...
      */

      memcpy(resource, value, valueLen);
      resource[valueLen] = '\0';
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Convert to resource by concatenating with a leading "/"...
      */

      resource[0] = '/';
      memcpy(resource + 1, value, valueLen);
      resource[valueLen + 1] = '\0';
    }
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Use the default value...
    */

    strlcpy(resource, resdefault, sizeof(resource));
  }

 /*
  * Lookup the FQDN if needed...
  */

  if ((uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_FQDN) &&
      (hostptr = hostTarget + strlen(hostTarget) - 7) > hostTarget &&
      !_cups_strcasecmp(hostptr, ".local."))
  {
   /*
    * OK, we got a .local name but the caller needs a real domain.  Start by
    * getting the IP address of the .local name and then do reverse-lookups...
    */

    http_addrlist_t	*addrlist,	/* List of addresses */
			*addr;		/* Current address */

    DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Looking up \"%s\".", hostTarget));

    snprintf(fqdn, sizeof(fqdn), "%d", ntohs(port));
    if ((addrlist = httpAddrGetList(hostTarget, AF_UNSPEC, fqdn)) != NULL)
    {
      for (addr = addrlist; addr; addr = addr->next)
      {
        int error = getnameinfo(&(addr->addr.addr), (socklen_t)httpAddrLength(&(addr->addr)), fqdn, sizeof(fqdn), NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD);

        if (!error)
	{
	  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Found \"%s\".", fqdn));

	  if ((hostptr = fqdn + strlen(fqdn) - 6) <= fqdn ||
	      _cups_strcasecmp(hostptr, ".local"))
	  {
	    hostTarget = fqdn;
	    break;
	  }
	}
#ifdef DEBUG
	else
	  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: \"%s\" did not resolve: %d",
	                httpAddrString(&(addr->addr), fqdn, sizeof(fqdn)),
			error));
#endif /* DEBUG */
      }

      httpAddrFreeList(addrlist);
    }
  }

 /*
  * Assemble the final device URI...
  */

  if ((!strcmp(scheme, "ipp") || !strcmp(scheme, "ipps")) &&
      !strcmp(uribuf->resource, "/cups"))
    httpAssembleURIf(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uribuf->buffer, (int)uribuf->bufsize, scheme, NULL, hostTarget, ntohs(port), "%s?snmp=false", resource);
  else
    httpAssembleURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uribuf->buffer, (int)uribuf->bufsize, scheme, NULL, hostTarget, ntohs(port), resource);

  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Resolved URI is \"%s\"...", uribuf->buffer));
}

#elif defined(HAVE_AVAHI)
/*
 * 'http_poll_cb()' - Wait for input on the specified file descriptors.
 *
 * Note: This function is needed because avahi_simple_poll_iterate is broken
 *       and always uses a timeout of 0 (!) milliseconds.
 *       (Avahi Ticket #364)
 */

static int				/* O - Number of file descriptors matching */
http_poll_cb(
    struct pollfd *pollfds,		/* I - File descriptors */
    unsigned int  num_pollfds,		/* I - Number of file descriptors */
    int           timeout,		/* I - Timeout in milliseconds (used) */
    void          *context)		/* I - User data (unused) */
{
  (void)timeout;
  (void)context;

  return (poll(pollfds, num_pollfds, 2000));
}


/*
 * 'http_resolve_cb()' - Build a device URI for the given service name.
 */

static void
http_resolve_cb(
    AvahiServiceResolver   *resolver,	/* I - Resolver (unused) */
    AvahiIfIndex           interface,	/* I - Interface index (unused) */
    AvahiProtocol          protocol,	/* I - Network protocol (unused) */
    AvahiResolverEvent     event,	/* I - Event (found, etc.) */
    const char             *name,	/* I - Service name */
    const char             *type,	/* I - Registration type */
    const char             *domain,	/* I - Domain (unused) */
    const char             *hostTarget,	/* I - Hostname */
    const AvahiAddress     *address,	/* I - Address (unused) */
    uint16_t               port,	/* I - Port number */
    AvahiStringList        *txt,	/* I - TXT record */
    AvahiLookupResultFlags flags,	/* I - Lookup flags (unused) */
    void                   *context)	/* I - Pointer to URI buffer */
{
  _http_uribuf_t	*uribuf = (_http_uribuf_t *)context;
					/* URI buffer */
  const char		*scheme,	/* URI scheme */
			*hostptr,	/* Pointer into hostTarget */
			*reskey,	/* "rp" or "rfo" */
			*resdefault;	/* Default path */
  char			resource[257],	/* Remote path */
			fqdn[256];	/* FQDN of the .local name */
  AvahiStringList	*pair;		/* Current TXT record key/value pair */
  char			*value;		/* Value for "rp" key */
  size_t		valueLen = 0;	/* Length of "rp" key */


  DEBUG_printf(("4http_resolve_cb(resolver=%p, "
		"interface=%d, protocol=%d, event=%d, name=\"%s\", "
		"type=\"%s\", domain=\"%s\", hostTarget=\"%s\", address=%p, "
		"port=%d, txt=%p, flags=%d, context=%p)",
		resolver, interface, protocol, event, name, type, domain,
		hostTarget, address, port, txt, flags, context));

  if (event != AVAHI_RESOLVER_FOUND)
  {
    avahi_service_resolver_free(resolver);
    avahi_simple_poll_quit(uribuf->poll);
    return;
  }

 /*
  * If we have a UUID, compare it...
  */

  if (uribuf->uuid && (pair = avahi_string_list_find(txt, "UUID")) != NULL)
  {
    char	uuid[256];		/* UUID value */

    avahi_string_list_get_pair(pair, NULL, &value, &valueLen);

    memcpy(uuid, value, valueLen);
    uuid[valueLen] = '\0';

    if (_cups_strcasecmp(uuid, uribuf->uuid))
    {
      if (uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_STDERR)
	fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Found UUID %s, looking for %s.", uuid,
		uribuf->uuid);

      DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Found UUID %s, looking for %s.", uuid,
                    uribuf->uuid));
      return;
    }
  }

 /*
  * Figure out the scheme from the full name...
  */

  if (strstr(type, "_ipp."))
    scheme = "ipp";
  else if (strstr(type, "_printer."))
    scheme = "lpd";
  else if (strstr(type, "_pdl-datastream."))
    scheme = "socket";
  else
    scheme = "riousbprint";

  if (!strncmp(type, "_ipps.", 6) || !strncmp(type, "_ipp-tls.", 9))
    scheme = "ipps";
  else if (!strncmp(type, "_ipp.", 5) || !strncmp(type, "_fax-ipp.", 9))
    scheme = "ipp";
  else if (!strncmp(type, "_http.", 6))
    scheme = "http";
  else if (!strncmp(type, "_https.", 7))
    scheme = "https";
  else if (!strncmp(type, "_printer.", 9))
    scheme = "lpd";
  else if (!strncmp(type, "_pdl-datastream.", 16))
    scheme = "socket";
  else
  {
    avahi_service_resolver_free(resolver);
    avahi_simple_poll_quit(uribuf->poll);
    return;
  }

 /*
  * Extract the remote resource key from the TXT record...
  */

  if ((uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_FAXOUT) &&
      (!strcmp(scheme, "ipp") || !strcmp(scheme, "ipps")) &&
      !avahi_string_list_find(txt, "printer-type"))
  {
    reskey     = "rfo";
    resdefault = "/ipp/faxout";
  }
  else
  {
    reskey     = "rp";
    resdefault = "/";
  }

  if ((pair = avahi_string_list_find(txt, reskey)) != NULL)
  {
    avahi_string_list_get_pair(pair, NULL, &value, &valueLen);

    if (value[0] == '/')
    {
     /*
      * Value (incorrectly) has a leading slash already...
      */

      memcpy(resource, value, valueLen);
      resource[valueLen] = '\0';
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Convert to resource by concatenating with a leading "/"...
      */

      resource[0] = '/';
      memcpy(resource + 1, value, valueLen);
      resource[valueLen + 1] = '\0';
    }
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Use the default value...
    */

    strlcpy(resource, resdefault, sizeof(resource));
  }

 /*
  * Lookup the FQDN if needed...
  */

  if ((uribuf->options & _HTTP_RESOLVE_FQDN) &&
      (hostptr = hostTarget + strlen(hostTarget) - 6) > hostTarget &&
      !_cups_strcasecmp(hostptr, ".local"))
  {
   /*
    * OK, we got a .local name but the caller needs a real domain.  Start by
    * getting the IP address of the .local name and then do reverse-lookups...
    */

    http_addrlist_t	*addrlist,	/* List of addresses */
			*addr;		/* Current address */

    DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Looking up \"%s\".", hostTarget));

    snprintf(fqdn, sizeof(fqdn), "%d", ntohs(port));
    if ((addrlist = httpAddrGetList(hostTarget, AF_UNSPEC, fqdn)) != NULL)
    {
      for (addr = addrlist; addr; addr = addr->next)
      {
        int error = getnameinfo(&(addr->addr.addr), (socklen_t)httpAddrLength(&(addr->addr)), fqdn, sizeof(fqdn), NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD);

        if (!error)
	{
	  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Found \"%s\".", fqdn));

	  if ((hostptr = fqdn + strlen(fqdn) - 6) <= fqdn ||
	      _cups_strcasecmp(hostptr, ".local"))
	  {
	    hostTarget = fqdn;
	    break;
	  }
	}
#ifdef DEBUG
	else
	  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: \"%s\" did not resolve: %d",
	                httpAddrString(&(addr->addr), fqdn, sizeof(fqdn)),
			error));
#endif /* DEBUG */
      }

      httpAddrFreeList(addrlist);
    }
  }

 /*
  * Assemble the final device URI using the resolved hostname...
  */

  httpAssembleURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_ALL, uribuf->buffer, (int)uribuf->bufsize, scheme,
                  NULL, hostTarget, port, resource);
  DEBUG_printf(("5http_resolve_cb: Resolved URI is \"%s\".", uribuf->buffer));

  avahi_simple_poll_quit(uribuf->poll);
}
#endif /* HAVE_DNSSD */