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17345e5a | 1 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 |
8868edaf | 2 | %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 |
74091dd4 | 3 | %%CreationDate: Mon Sep 19 12:02:42 2022 |
17345e5a JA |
4 | %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman |
5 | %%+ font Times-Bold | |
6 | %%+ font Times-Italic | |
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8 | %%+ font Symbol | |
8868edaf | 9 | %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 |
74091dd4 | 10 | %%Pages: 87 |
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18 | %%BeginProlog | |
8868edaf | 19 | %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 4 |
17345e5a JA |
20 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet |
21 | /setpacking where{ | |
22 | pop | |
23 | currentpacking | |
24 | true setpacking | |
25 | }if | |
26 | /grops 120 dict dup begin | |
27 | /SC 32 def | |
28 | /A/show load def | |
29 | /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
30 | /C{0 exch ashow}bind def | |
31 | /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
32 | /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def | |
33 | /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
34 | /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
35 | /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
36 | /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def | |
37 | /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
38 | /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
39 | /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
40 | /M{rmoveto show}bind def | |
41 | /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
42 | /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
43 | /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
44 | /Q{moveto show}bind def | |
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46 | /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
47 | /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
48 | /SF{ | |
49 | findfont exch | |
50 | [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont | |
51 | dup setfont | |
52 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
53 | }bind def | |
54 | /MF{ | |
55 | findfont | |
56 | [5 2 roll | |
57 | 0 3 1 roll | |
58 | neg 0 0]makefont | |
59 | dup setfont | |
60 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
61 | }bind def | |
62 | /level0 0 def | |
63 | /RES 0 def | |
64 | /PL 0 def | |
65 | /LS 0 def | |
66 | /MANUAL{ | |
67 | statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end | |
68 | }bind def | |
69 | /PLG{ | |
70 | gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore | |
71 | exch pop add exch pop | |
72 | }bind def | |
73 | /BP{ | |
74 | /level0 save def | |
75 | 1 setlinecap | |
76 | 1 setlinejoin | |
a0c0a00f | 77 | DEFS/BPhook known{DEFS begin BPhook end}if |
17345e5a JA |
78 | 72 RES div dup scale |
79 | LS{ | |
80 | 90 rotate | |
81 | }{ | |
82 | 0 PL translate | |
83 | }ifelse | |
84 | 1 -1 scale | |
85 | }bind def | |
86 | /EP{ | |
87 | level0 restore | |
88 | showpage | |
89 | }def | |
90 | /DA{ | |
91 | newpath arcn stroke | |
92 | }bind def | |
93 | /SN{ | |
94 | transform | |
95 | .25 sub exch .25 sub exch | |
96 | round .25 add exch round .25 add exch | |
97 | itransform | |
98 | }bind def | |
99 | /DL{ | |
100 | SN | |
101 | moveto | |
102 | SN | |
103 | lineto stroke | |
104 | }bind def | |
105 | /DC{ | |
106 | newpath 0 360 arc closepath | |
107 | }bind def | |
108 | /TM matrix def | |
109 | /DE{ | |
110 | TM currentmatrix pop | |
111 | translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath | |
112 | TM setmatrix | |
113 | }bind def | |
114 | /RC/rcurveto load def | |
115 | /RL/rlineto load def | |
116 | /ST/stroke load def | |
117 | /MT/moveto load def | |
118 | /CL/closepath load def | |
119 | /Fr{ | |
120 | setrgbcolor fill | |
121 | }bind def | |
122 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
123 | pop | |
124 | /Fk{ | |
125 | setcmykcolor fill | |
126 | }bind def | |
127 | }if | |
128 | /Fg{ | |
129 | setgray fill | |
130 | }bind def | |
131 | /FL/fill load def | |
132 | /LW/setlinewidth load def | |
133 | /Cr/setrgbcolor load def | |
134 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
135 | pop | |
136 | /Ck/setcmykcolor load def | |
137 | }if | |
138 | /Cg/setgray load def | |
139 | /RE{ | |
140 | findfont | |
141 | dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin | |
142 | { | |
a0c0a00f CR |
143 | 1 index/FID ne |
144 | 2 index/UniqueID ne | |
145 | and | |
146 | {def}{pop pop}ifelse | |
17345e5a JA |
147 | }forall |
148 | /Encoding exch def | |
149 | dup/FontName exch def | |
150 | currentdict end definefont pop | |
151 | }bind def | |
152 | /DEFS 0 def | |
153 | /EBEGIN{ | |
154 | moveto | |
155 | DEFS begin | |
156 | }bind def | |
157 | /EEND/end load def | |
158 | /CNT 0 def | |
159 | /level1 0 def | |
160 | /PBEGIN{ | |
161 | /level1 save def | |
162 | translate | |
163 | div 3 1 roll div exch scale | |
164 | neg exch neg exch translate | |
165 | 0 setgray | |
166 | 0 setlinecap | |
167 | 1 setlinewidth | |
168 | 0 setlinejoin | |
169 | 10 setmiterlimit | |
170 | []0 setdash | |
171 | /setstrokeadjust where{ | |
172 | pop | |
173 | false setstrokeadjust | |
174 | }if | |
175 | /setoverprint where{ | |
176 | pop | |
177 | false setoverprint | |
178 | }if | |
179 | newpath | |
180 | /CNT countdictstack def | |
181 | userdict begin | |
182 | /showpage{}def | |
183 | /setpagedevice{}def | |
a0c0a00f | 184 | mark |
17345e5a JA |
185 | }bind def |
186 | /PEND{ | |
a0c0a00f | 187 | cleartomark |
17345e5a JA |
188 | countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat |
189 | level1 restore | |
190 | }bind def | |
191 | end def | |
192 | /setpacking where{ | |
193 | pop | |
194 | setpacking | |
195 | }if | |
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205 | %%IncludeResource: font Courier | |
206 | %%IncludeResource: font Symbol | |
207 | grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 | |
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208 | def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron |
209 | /scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef | |
17345e5a JA |
210 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef |
211 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef | |
ac50fbac | 212 | /.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent |
17345e5a JA |
213 | /ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen |
214 | /period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon | |
215 | /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O | |
216 | /P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex | |
217 | /underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y | |
218 | /z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft | |
219 | /guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl | |
220 | /endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut | |
221 | /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash | |
222 | /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen | |
223 | /brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft | |
224 | /logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior | |
225 | /threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior | |
226 | /ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters | |
227 | /questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE | |
228 | /Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex | |
229 | /Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis | |
230 | /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn | |
231 | /germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla | |
232 | /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis | |
233 | /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash | |
234 | /ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def | |
235 | /Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE | |
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237 | %%EndSetup | |
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240 | BP | |
241 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
242 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
243 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 | |
244 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag) | |
245 | 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
246 | (bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1 | |
247 | (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q | |
74091dd4 | 248 | (yright \251 1989-2022 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
249 | (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 |
250 | .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 | |
17345e5a JA |
251 | (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 |
252 | (cutes commands read from the standard).15 F(input or from a \214le.)108 | |
253 | 194.4 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0(also incorporates useful features from the)2.5 E | |
254 | /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.4(Ko)2.5 G(rn).4 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(C)2.5 E F0 | |
255 | (shells \()2.5 E F2(ksh)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2(Bash)108 | |
256 | 211.2 Q F0 .527(is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Sh\ | |
257 | ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F | |
258 | (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 | |
259 | (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
d233b485 CR |
260 | (OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .483(All of the single-character shell options doc\ |
261 | umented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
262 | 2.983 G .483(iltin command, includ-).2 F(ing)108 264 Q F2<ad6f>2.718 E | |
263 | F0 2.718(,c)C .218(an be used as options when the shell is in)-2.718 F | |
264 | -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.718(d. In).1 F(addition,)2.719 E F2(bash) | |
265 | 2.719 E F0 .219(interprets the follo)2.719 F .219(wing options)-.25 F | |
266 | (when it is in)108 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 | |
8868edaf CR |
267 | 292.8 Q F0 .868(If the)158 292.8 R F2<ad63>3.368 E F0 .867(option is pr\ |
268 | esent, then commands are read from the \214rst non-option ar)3.368 F | |
269 | (gument)-.18 E F3(com-)3.567 E(mand_string)158 304.8 Q F0 5.726(.I).22 G | |
270 | 3.226(ft)-5.726 G .726(here are ar)-3.226 F .727(guments after the)-.18 | |
271 | F F3(command_string)3.427 E F0 3.227(,t).22 G .727(he \214rst ar)-3.227 | |
272 | F .727(gument is assigned)-.18 F(to)158 316.8 Q F2($0)2.919 E F0 .419 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
273 | (and an)2.919 F 2.919(yr)-.15 G .419(emaining ar)-2.919 F .418 |
274 | (guments are assigned to the positional parameters.)-.18 F .418 | |
275 | (The assignment)5.418 F(to)158 328.8 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0 | |
276 | (sets the name of the shell, which is used in w)2.5 E | |
277 | (arning and error messages.)-.1 E F2<ad69>108 340.8 Q F0(If the)158 | |
278 | 340.8 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option is present, the shell is)2.5 E F3(inter) | |
8868edaf CR |
279 | 2.51 E(active)-.15 E F0(.).18 E F2<ad6c>108 352.8 Q F0(Mak)158 352.8 Q |
280 | (e)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(act as if it had been in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
281 | -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sal)-2.5 G(ogin shell \(see)-2.5 E/F4 9 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
282 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) |
283 | -.25 E F2<ad72>108 364.8 Q F0(If the)158 364.8 Q F2<ad72>2.5 E F0 | |
ac50fbac CR |
284 | (option is present, the shell becomes)2.5 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(stricted) |
285 | .37 E F0(\(see)3.27 E F4(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 | |
a0c0a00f | 286 | E F2<ad73>108 376.8 Q F0 .602(If the)158 376.8 R F2<ad73>3.102 E F0 .602 |
17345e5a | 287 | (option is present, or if no ar)3.102 F .602 |
a0c0a00f CR |
288 | (guments remain after option processing, then commands)-.18 F .617 |
289 | (are read from the standard input.)158 388.8 R .617(This option allo) | |
290 | 5.617 F .616(ws the positional parameters to be set when)-.25 F(in)158 | |
d233b485 CR |
291 | 400.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
292 | (hell or when reading input through a pipe.).15 E F2<ad44>108 412.8 Q F0 | |
293 | 3.183(Al)158 412.8 S .683(ist of all double-quoted strings preceded by) | |
294 | -3.183 F F2($)3.184 E F0 .684(is printed on the standard output.)3.184 F | |
295 | .684(These are)5.684 F .458(the strings that are subject to language tr\ | |
296 | anslation when the current locale is not)158 424.8 R F2(C)2.958 E F0(or) | |
297 | 2.958 E F2(POSIX)2.958 E F0(.)A(This implies the)158 436.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 | |
298 | E F0(option; no commands will be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
299 | ([\255+]O [)108 448.8 Q F3(shopt_option)A F2(])A F3(shopt_option)158 |
300 | 460.8 Q F0 1.097(is one of the shell options accepted by the)3.596 F F2 | |
301 | (shopt)3.597 E F0 -.2(bu)3.597 G 1.097(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.097 | |
302 | (SHELL B)3.597 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)158 472.8 Q F0(belo) | |
303 | 3.003 E 3.253(w\). If)-.25 F F3(shopt_option)3.253 E F0 .753 | |
17345e5a | 304 | (is present,)3.253 F F2<ad4f>3.253 E F0 .753(sets the v)3.253 F .753 |
a0c0a00f CR |
305 | (alue of that option;)-.25 F F2(+O)3.252 E F0(unsets)3.252 E 2.624 |
306 | (it. If)158 484.8 R F3(shopt_option)2.624 E F0 .124 | |
307 | (is not supplied, the names and v)2.624 F .125 | |
308 | (alues of the shell options accepted by)-.25 F F2(shopt)2.625 E F0 .506 | |
309 | (are printed on the standard output.)158 496.8 R .505(If the in)5.505 F | |
310 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .505(cation option is).2 F F2(+O)3.005 E F0 3.005(,t)C .505 | |
17345e5a | 311 | (he output is displayed in a)-3.005 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
312 | (format that may be reused as input.)158 508.8 Q F2<adad>108 520.8 Q F0 |
313 | (A)158 520.8 Q F2<adad>3.363 E F0 .864 | |
17345e5a | 314 | (signals the end of options and disables further option processing.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
315 | 3.363 F(An)5.864 E 3.364(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.364 G .864(uments after) |
316 | .18 F(the)158 532.8 Q F2<adad>2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a JA |
317 | (are treated as \214lenames and ar)2.5 E 2.5(guments. An)-.18 F(ar)2.5 E |
318 | (gument of)-.18 E F2<ad>2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
319 | .25 E F2<adad>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 549.6 Q F0 .304 |
320 | (also interprets a number of multi-character options.)2.804 F .303 | |
17345e5a | 321 | (These options must appear on the command line)5.303 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
322 | (before the single-character options to be recognized.)108 561.6 Q F2 |
323 | <adad646562>108 578.4 Q(ugger)-.2 E F0 .474(Arrange for the deb)144 | |
324 | 590.4 R .474(ugger pro\214le to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .475 | |
325 | (cuted before the shell starts.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.475 G .475(rns on e).45 | |
326 | F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E | |
327 | (ging mode \(see the description of the)144 602.4 Q F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug) | |
495aee44 | 328 | -.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
329 | .2 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255dump\255po\255strings)108 614.4 Q F0(Equi) |
330 | 144 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C | |
495aee44 CR |
331 | (ut the output is in the GNU)-2.7 E F3 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tte).1 E(xt)-.2 E F2 |
332 | (po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
333 | (\255\255dump\255strings)108 638.4 Q F0(Equi)144 650.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G |
334 | (lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(\255\255help)108 662.4 Q F0 | |
335 | (Display a usage message on standard output and e)144 662.4 Q | |
336 | (xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2<adad696e6974ad8c6c65>108 674.4 Q F3 | |
337 | (\214le)2.5 E F2<adad72>108 686.4 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
338 | (Ex)144 698.4 Q 1.599(ecute commands from)-.15 F F3(\214le)6.009 E F0 | |
339 | 1.598(instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)4.279 F F3 | |
340 | (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) | |
341 | 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
342 | (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
343 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(1)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
344 | %%Page: 2 2 |
345 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
346 | BP | |
347 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
348 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
349 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
350 | SF(\255\255login)108 84 Q F0(Equi)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E | |
351 | F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\255\255noediting)108 112.8 Q F0 | |
352 | (Do not use the GNU)144 124.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
353 | (library to read command lines when the shell is interacti)2.5 E -.15 | |
354 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(\255\255nopr)108 141.6 Q(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .017 | |
355 | (Do not read either the system-wide startup \214le)144 153.6 R/F2 10 | |
17345e5a | 356 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr)4.183 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 .017(or an)4.183 F |
a0c0a00f | 357 | 2.517(yo)-.15 G 2.517(ft)-2.517 G .018 |
8868edaf CR |
358 | (he personal initialization \214les)-2.517 F F2(~/.bash_pr)143.5 165.6 Q |
359 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0(,).18 E F2(~/.bash_lo)2.305 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.805(,o) | |
360 | .24 G(r)-2.805 E F2(~/.pr)2.305 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 5.305(.B).18 G 2.805 | |
361 | (yd)-5.305 G(ef)-2.805 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.805 E F0 .305 | |
362 | (reads these \214les when it is in)2.805 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
363 | 2.805(da).1 G(s)-2.805 E 2.5(al)144 177.6 S(ogin shell \(see)-2.5 E/F3 9 | |
17345e5a | 364 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) |
8868edaf CR |
365 | -.25 E F1<adad6e6f72>108 194.4 Q(c)-.18 E F0 .161(Do not read and e)144 |
366 | 194.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .162(cute the personal initialization \214le).15 | |
367 | F F2(~/.bashr)2.162 E(c)-.37 E F0 .162(if the shell is interacti)2.972 F | |
368 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.162(.T).15 G .162(his op-)-5.162 F(tion is on by def) | |
369 | 144 206.4 Q(ault if the shell is in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 | |
370 | (da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F1(sh)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\255\255posix)108 223.2 Q F0 | |
371 | 1.783(Change the beha)144 235.2 R 1.782(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.282 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 372 | 1.782(where the def)4.282 F 1.782(ault operation dif)-.1 F 1.782 |
a0c0a00f CR |
373 | (fers from the POSIX standard to)-.25 F .332(match the standard \()144 |
374 | 247.2 R F2 .332(posix mode)B F0 2.832(\). See)B F3 .333(SEE ALSO)2.833 F | |
375 | F0(belo)2.583 E 2.833(wf)-.25 G .333 | |
ac50fbac CR |
376 | (or a reference to a document that details)-2.833 F(ho)144 259.2 Q 2.5 |
377 | (wp)-.25 G(osix mode af)-2.5 E(fects bash')-.25 E 2.5(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.5 | |
378 | E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1<adad72>108 276 Q(estricted)-.18 E F0 | |
379 | (The shell becomes restricted \(see)144 288 Q F3(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 E | |
380 | F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<adad76>108 304.8 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0(Equi) | |
a0c0a00f | 381 | 144 316.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<adad76> |
ac50fbac | 382 | 108 333.6 Q(ersion)-.1 E F0(Sho)144 345.6 Q 2.5(wv)-.25 G |
17345e5a JA |
383 | (ersion information for this instance of)-2.65 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
384 | (on the standard output and e)2.5 E(xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E/F4 | |
a0c0a00f | 385 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 362.4 Q F0 .017(If ar)108 374.4 R |
17345e5a JA |
386 | .016(guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F1 |
387 | <ad63>2.516 E F0 .016(nor the)2.516 F F1<ad73>2.516 E F0 .016 | |
ac50fbac | 388 | (option has been supplied, the \214rst)2.516 F(ar)108 386.4 Q .041(gume\ |
17345e5a JA |
389 | nt is assumed to be the name of a \214le containing shell commands.)-.18 |
390 | F(If)5.041 E F1(bash)2.541 E F0 .041(is in)2.541 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) | |
a0c0a00f | 391 | .2 G 2.541(di).1 G 2.541(nt)-2.541 G .042(his f)-2.541 F(ashion,)-.1 E |
ac50fbac | 392 | F1($0)108 398.4 Q F0 .936(is set to the name of the \214le, and the pos\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
393 | itional parameters are set to the remaining ar)3.436 F(guments.)-.18 E |
394 | F1(Bash)5.935 E F0 .233(reads and e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .233 | |
17345e5a | 395 | (cutes commands from this \214le, then e).15 F(xits.)-.15 E F1(Bash) |
a0c0a00f CR |
396 | 5.234 E F0 1.334 -.55('s e)D .234(xit status is the e).4 F .234 |
397 | (xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .349(mand e)108 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 | |
398 | G .349(cuted in the script.).15 F .349(If no commands are e)5.349 F -.15 | |
399 | (xe)-.15 G .349(cuted, the e).15 F .348(xit status is 0.)-.15 F .348 | |
400 | (An attempt is \214rst made to)5.348 F .253 | |
401 | (open the \214le in the current directory)108 434.4 R 2.753(,a)-.65 G | |
402 | .254 | |
17345e5a | 403 | (nd, if no \214le is found, then the shell searches the directories in) |
a0c0a00f | 404 | -2.753 F F3 -.666(PA)2.754 G(TH)-.189 E F0(for the script.)108 446.4 Q |
ac50fbac | 405 | F4(INV)72 463.2 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 475.2 Q F2(lo)2.5 E |
17345e5a JA |
406 | (gin shell)-.1 E F0(is one whose \214rst character of ar)2.5 E |
407 | (gument zero is a)-.18 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)-2.5 G | |
408 | (ne started with the)-2.5 E F1(\255\255login)2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E(An) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
409 | 108 492 Q F2(inter)2.734 E(active)-.15 E F0 .234 |
410 | (shell is one started without non-option ar)2.734 F .234 | |
411 | (guments \(unless)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.734 E F0 .233 | |
74091dd4 CR |
412 | (is speci\214ed\) and without the)2.734 F F1<ad63>2.733 E F0 .352(optio\ |
413 | n, whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals \(as \ | |
414 | determined by)108 504 R F2(isatty)2.863 E F0 .353(\(3\)\), or one).32 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
415 | .946(started with the)108 516 R F1<ad69>3.445 E F0(option.)3.445 E F3 |
416 | (PS1)5.945 E F0 .945(is set and)3.195 F F1<24ad>3.445 E F0(includes) | |
417 | 3.445 E F1(i)3.445 E F0(if)3.445 E F1(bash)3.445 E F0 .945(is interacti) | |
418 | 3.445 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.445(,a).15 G(llo)-3.445 E .945 | |
419 | (wing a shell script or a)-.25 F(startup \214le to test this state.)108 | |
420 | 528 Q .032(The follo)108 544.8 R .032(wing paragraphs describe ho)-.25 F | |
421 | (w)-.25 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 -.15(exe)2.532 G .032 | |
422 | (cutes its startup \214les.).15 F .032(If an)5.032 F 2.532(yo)-.15 G | |
423 | 2.532(ft)-2.532 G .032(he \214les e)-2.532 F .033(xist b)-.15 F .033 | |
424 | (ut cannot be)-.2 F(read,)108 556.8 Q F1(bash)2.6 E F0 .1 | |
425 | (reports an error)2.6 F 5.1(.T)-.55 G .1(ildes are e)-5.45 F .099 | |
426 | (xpanded in \214lenames as described belo)-.15 F 2.599(wu)-.25 G(nder) | |
427 | -2.599 E F1 -.18(Ti)2.599 G .099(lde Expansion).18 F F0(in)2.599 E(the) | |
428 | 108 568.8 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(section.)2.25 E(When)108 | |
429 | 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.895 E F0 .395(is in)2.895 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
430 | 2.895(da).1 G 2.895(sa)-2.895 G 2.895(ni)-2.895 G(nteracti)-2.895 E .695 | |
431 | -.15(ve l)-.25 H .396(ogin shell, or as a non-interacti).15 F .696 -.15 | |
432 | (ve s)-.25 H .396(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)2.896 E F0 .396 | |
433 | (option, it)2.896 F 1.334(\214rst reads and e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
434 | 1.334(cutes commands from the \214le).15 F F2(/etc/pr)3.834 E(o\214le) | |
435 | -.45 E F0 3.834(,i)C 3.833(ft)-3.834 G 1.333(hat \214le e)-3.833 F 3.833 | |
436 | (xists. After)-.15 F 1.333(reading that \214le, it)3.833 F .248 | |
437 | (looks for)108 609.6 R F2(~/.bash_pr)2.748 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 | |
438 | (~/.bash_lo)2.748 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.748(,a)C(nd)-2.748 E F2(~/.pr)2.748 E | |
439 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.748(,i)C 2.749(nt)-2.748 G .249(hat order)-2.749 F | |
440 | 2.749(,a)-.4 G .249(nd reads and e)-2.749 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .249 | |
8868edaf CR |
441 | (cutes commands from).15 F .076(the \214rst one that e)108 621.6 R .076 |
442 | (xists and is readable.)-.15 F(The)5.076 E F1(\255\255nopr)2.576 E | |
443 | (o\214le)-.18 E F0 .076 | |
444 | (option may be used when the shell is started to in-)2.576 F | |
445 | (hibit this beha)108 633.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 1.104 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
446 | (When an interacti)108 650.4 R 1.404 -.15(ve l)-.25 H 1.104 |
447 | (ogin shell e).15 F 1.104(xits, or a non-interacti)-.15 F 1.404 -.15 | |
448 | (ve l)-.25 H 1.104(ogin shell e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.104(cutes the).15 | |
449 | F F1(exit)3.604 E F0 -.2(bu)3.604 G 1.104(iltin command,).2 F F1(bash) | |
450 | 108 662.4 Q F0(reads and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
451 | (cutes commands from the \214le).15 E F2(~/.bash_lo)2.5 E(gout)-.1 E F0 | |
452 | 2.5(,i)C 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(te)-2.5 G(xists.)-2.65 E 1.698 | |
453 | (When an interacti)108 679.2 R 1.998 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.698 | |
454 | (hell that is not a login shell is started,).15 F F1(bash)4.197 E F0 | |
455 | 1.697(reads and e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.697(cutes commands from).15 F | |
456 | F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 | |
457 | (hat \214le e)-2.535 F 2.535(xists. This)-.15 F .036 | |
17345e5a JA |
458 | (may be inhibited by using the)2.535 F F1<adad6e6f72>2.536 E(c)-.18 E F0 |
459 | 2.536(option. The)2.536 F F1<adad72>2.536 E(c\214le)-.18 E F2(\214le) | |
a0c0a00f | 460 | 2.536 E F0 .036(option will)2.536 F(force)108 703.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
17345e5a | 461 | (to read and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute commands from).15 E F2(\214le) |
a0c0a00f | 462 | 2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F2(~/.bashr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(.)A(When)108 720 |
ac50fbac CR |
463 | Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 |
464 | G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 | |
17345e5a | 465 | (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
466 | F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(2) |
467 | 190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
468 | %%Page: 3 3 |
469 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
470 | BP | |
471 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
472 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
473 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
474 | SF -.27(BA)108 84 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en)3.26 F 1.01 | |
475 | (vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01 | |
476 | (alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F | |
477 | 1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(name of a \214le to read and e)108 96 Q -.15 | |
478 | (xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15 | |
479 | (ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E | |
480 | (wing command were e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 | |
481 | SF(if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 114 Q F0 -.2(bu) | |
482 | 108 132 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G | |
483 | (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G | |
484 | (riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 148.8 Q | |
485 | F2(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) | |
486 | .1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt) | |
ac50fbac | 487 | -3.417 G .917(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917 |
a0c0a00f | 488 | (vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0(as) |
ac50fbac | 489 | 3.417 E .145 |
17345e5a | 490 | (closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.) |
a0c0a00f | 491 | 108 160.8 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G |
17345e5a | 492 | 2.645(sa)-2.645 G 2.645(ni)-2.645 G(nteracti)-2.645 E .445 -.15(ve l) |
a0c0a00f CR |
493 | -.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 172.8 R 1.564 -.15 |
494 | (ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 | |
17345e5a | 495 | (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 |
a0c0a00f | 496 | (cute commands).15 F(from)108 184.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) |
8868edaf CR |
497 | 4.173 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.203 E F4(~/.pr)2.523 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 |
498 | 3.023(,i).18 G 3.024(nt)-3.023 G .524(hat order)-3.024 F 5.524(.T)-.55 G | |
499 | (he)-5.524 E F2(\255\255nopr)3.024 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .524 | |
500 | (option may be used to inhibit this beha)3.024 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E | |
a0c0a00f | 501 | .418(When in)108 196.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 |
ac50fbac | 502 | (sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
a0c0a00f CR |
503 | .418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F0 |
504 | .418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9 | |
ac50fbac | 505 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue) |
a0c0a00f | 506 | -.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 208.8 R .171 |
17345e5a JA |
507 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F |
508 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in) | |
a0c0a00f | 509 | -2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 220.8 Q F2(sh)3.081 E F0 |
17345e5a JA |
510 | .581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581 |
511 | (cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
512 | (ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F2<adad72>3.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 |
513 | .58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 232.8 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F | |
17345e5a | 514 | (non-interacti)2.682 E .482 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .182(hell in).15 F -.2(vo) |
a0c0a00f | 515 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.682(dw).1 G .182(ith the name)-2.682 F F2(sh)2.682 E |
17345e5a | 516 | F0 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183 |
a0c0a00f CR |
517 | (ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 244.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) |
518 | .2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0(enters)2.5 | |
ac50fbac | 519 | E F4(posix)3.75 E F0(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
520 | (When)108 261.6 Q F2(bash)2.727 E F0 .226(is started in)2.727 F F4 |
521 | (posix)3.976 E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F2(\255\255posix)2.726 | |
ac50fbac | 522 | E F0 .226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-) |
a0c0a00f | 523 | -.25 F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 273.6 R .341 |
ac50fbac | 524 | (In this mode, interacti)5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
525 | F .341(xpand the)-.15 F F1(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342 |
526 | (riable and commands are read and).25 F -.15(exe)108 285.6 S | |
ac50fbac | 527 | (cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5 |
a0c0a00f | 528 | (alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 |
ac50fbac | 529 | Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard \ |
74091dd4 CR |
530 | input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .521 |
531 | (as when e)108 314.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .521 | |
532 | (cuted by the historical remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs) | |
533 | 3.021 G(hd).1 E F0 3.021(,o)C 3.021(rt)-3.021 G .521 | |
534 | (he secure shell daemon)-3.021 F F4(sshd)3.022 E F0 5.522(.I)C(f)-5.522 | |
535 | E F2(bash)108 326.4 Q F0 1.523(determines it is being run non-interacti) | |
536 | 4.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.523(ly in this f).15 F 1.522 | |
537 | (ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.522(cutes commands from) | |
538 | .15 F F4(~/.bashr)108 338.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ft)-2.847 G | |
539 | .347(hat \214le e)-2.847 F .347(xists and is readable.)-.15 F .348 | |
540 | (It will not do this if in)5.347 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.848(da).1 | |
541 | G(s)-2.848 E F2(sh)2.848 E F0 5.348(.T)C(he)-5.348 E F2<adad6e6f72>2.848 | |
542 | E(c)-.18 E F0 .348(option may be)2.848 F .61(used to inhibit this beha) | |
543 | 108 350.4 R(vior)-.2 E 3.11(,a)-.4 G .61(nd the)-3.11 F F2<adad72>3.11 E | |
544 | (c\214le)-.18 E F0 .609 | |
545 | (option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.11 F .609 | |
546 | (ut nei-)-.2 F(ther)108 362.4 Q F4 -.1(rs)2.5 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.5 E F4 | |
547 | (sshd)2.5 E F0(generally in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H | |
548 | (he shell with those options or allo).1 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G | |
8868edaf CR |
549 | (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E .433(If the shell is started with the ef) |
550 | 108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .433 | |
17345e5a | 551 | (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F |
8868edaf CR |
552 | F2<ad70>2.934 E F0(op-)2.934 E 1.124(tion is not supplied, no startup \ |
553 | \214les are read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 | |
554 | 391.2 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F1(SHELLOPTS)108 403.2 Q F5(,)A F1 | |
555 | -.27(BA)2.959 G(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F1(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) | |
556 | .855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.959 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F0 -.25(va)2.959 G | |
557 | .709(riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F | |
558 | .71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 415.2 R(fecti)-.25 | |
559 | E 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
560 | .904(If the)5.904 F F2<ad70>3.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) |
561 | 3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 427.2 Q | |
0001803f | 562 | (vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) |
ac50fbac | 563 | -.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) |
a0c0a00f | 564 | 72 444 Q F0(The follo)108 456 Q |
17345e5a | 565 | (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
566 | E F2(blank)108 468 Q F0 2.5(As)144 468 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F2 |
567 | -.1(wo)108 480 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)144 480 S | |
17345e5a | 568 | (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
569 | (Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F2(name)108 |
570 | 492 Q F0(A)144 492 Q F4(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 | |
17345e5a JA |
571 | (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be) |
572 | 3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
573 | (betic character or an underscore.)144 504 Q(Also referred to as an)5 E |
574 | F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 516 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 | |
575 | 528 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1 | |
576 | F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 540 S 2.5 | |
577 | (pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 552 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 564 Q | |
578 | F4(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E | |
579 | (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5 | |
580 | (|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 576 R(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 | |
581 | 592.8 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F4 .307(Reserved wor)108 604.8 R(ds) | |
582 | -.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s) | |
583 | -.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F | |
584 | .306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 616.8 Q | |
8868edaf CR |
585 | .313(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314 |
586 | (ord of a command \(see)-.1 F F1 .314(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.814 F F0(belo) | |
587 | 2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F -.1(wo)108 628.8 S .644(rd of a).1 F | |
588 | F2(case)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F0 .643(command \(only) | |
589 | 3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F0 .643(is v)3.143 F .643(alid\), or the third w) | |
590 | -.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r).25 E F0 .643 | |
591 | (command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F0(and)3.143 E F2(do)3.143 E F0 | |
592 | (are v)108 640.8 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 657.6 S 8.795 | |
593 | (ase copr)-11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795 | |
ac50fbac | 594 | (or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144 |
74091dd4 CR |
595 | 669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0 |
596 | (This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q | |
597 | (arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
598 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(3)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
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599 | %%Page: 4 4 |
600 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
601 | BP | |
602 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 603 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
604 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
605 | SF(Simple Commands)87 84 Q F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .389 | |
606 | (simple command)2.889 F F0 .389(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388 | |
607 | (ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .388(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.888 E F0 | |
608 | .388(-separated w)B .388(ords and)-.1 F .815 | |
609 | (redirections, and terminated by a)108 108 R F2(contr)3.315 E .815 | |
610 | (ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F | |
611 | .816(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 | |
612 | E(and is passed as ar)108 120 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E | |
8868edaf | 613 | (ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
74091dd4 CR |
614 | (ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(The return v)108 136.8 Q(alue of a) |
615 | -.25 E F2(simple command)2.5 E F0(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+) | |
616 | -.15 E F2(n)A F0(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F2(n) | |
617 | 2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(Pipelines)87 153.6 Q F0(A)108 165.6 Q F2(pipeline) | |
618 | 2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \ | |
619 | of the control operators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 | |
620 | E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 | |
621 | 194.4 Q F1(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0(]] [ ! ])A F2(command1)2.5 E | |
622 | F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(|)-2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F1(|&)A F0(])A F2 | |
623 | (command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .799(The standard output of)108 211.2 R | |
624 | F2(command1)3.499 E F0 .799 | |
625 | (is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F F2(command2) | |
626 | 3.5 E F0 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215 | |
627 | (nection is performed before an)108 223.2 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214 | |
628 | (edirections speci\214ed by the)-2.715 F F2(command1)2.914 E F0(\(see)A | |
629 | /F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.714 E F0(belo)2.464 E 2.714(w\). If) | |
630 | -.25 F F1(|&)2.714 E F0 .126(is used,)108 235.2 R F2(command1)2.626 E F0 | |
631 | 1.226 -.55('s s)D .126(tandard error).55 F 2.626(,i)-.4 G 2.626(na) | |
632 | -2.626 G .126(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.626 F | |
633 | F2(command2)2.626 E F0 1.226 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 | |
634 | (input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 247.2 R F1 .028(2>&1 |) | |
635 | 2.528 F F0 5.028(.T)C .028 | |
636 | (his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F | |
637 | (dard output is performed after an)108 259.2 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G | |
638 | (edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F2(command1)2.5 E F0(.)A .48 | |
639 | (The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 276 R .48 | |
640 | (xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F1(pipefail)2.98 E F0 | |
641 | .48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 288 Q F1(pipefail)2.687 E F0 .187 | |
8868edaf CR |
642 | (is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186 |
643 | (eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186 | |
644 | (alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15 | |
74091dd4 | 645 | F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 300 R .611 |
8868edaf | 646 | (xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611 |
74091dd4 CR |
647 | (he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(!)3.111 E F0 .611 |
648 | (precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .55 | |
17345e5a JA |
649 | (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 |
650 | (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
651 | G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
652 | (all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 324 |
653 | Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 340.8 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv)2.799 E | |
8868edaf | 654 | .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as u\ |
74091dd4 CR |
655 | ser and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 352.8 S .14 |
656 | (cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E F1 | |
8868edaf | 657 | <ad70>2.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) |
74091dd4 CR |
658 | 2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 364.8 R .303(When the shell is in) |
659 | 5.302 F F2 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 | |
660 | (oes not recognize)-2.803 F F1(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F | |
661 | .303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 376.8 Q .736 | |
495aee44 CR |
662 | (en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 |
663 | E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 | |
8868edaf CR |
664 | (riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.235 |
665 | (wt)-.25 G(he)-3.235 E .879 | |
666 | (timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
667 | 388.8 R F4(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)3.13 E F1 .88(Shell V) |
668 | 3.38 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(be-)3.38 E(lo)108 400.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .162 | |
669 | (When the shell is in)108 417.6 R F2 .162(posix mode)2.662 F F0(,)A F1 | |
8868edaf CR |
670 | (time)2.662 E F0 .162(may be follo)2.662 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.661 |
671 | (wline. In)-.25 F .161(this case, the shell displays the to-)2.661 F | |
672 | .243(tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.) | |
74091dd4 | 673 | 108 429.6 R(The)5.243 E F4(TIMEFORMA)2.743 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.493 |
8868edaf | 674 | G .243(riable may be used).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
675 | (to specify the format of the time information.)108 441.6 Q .304(Each c\ |
676 | ommand in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is e)108 | |
677 | 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuted in a).15 F F2(subshell)2.803 E F0 | |
678 | 2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108 470.4 R | |
679 | (See)5.207 E F4 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0 | |
680 | .208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927(shell en)108 | |
681 | 482.4 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F1(lastpipe)3.427 E F0 | |
682 | .927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F1(shopt)3.427 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
683 | 3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F1(shopt)3.426 E F0 | |
684 | (belo)108 494.4 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the\ | |
685 | shell process when job control is not acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 | |
686 | E F1(Lists)87 511.2 Q F0(A)108 523.2 Q F2(list)2.849 E F0 .349(is a seq\ | |
687 | uence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F | |
688 | F1(;)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85 | |
689 | E F1(||)2.85 E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F | |
690 | (ally terminated by one of)108 535.2 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 | |
691 | 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .961 | |
692 | (Of these list operators,)108 552 R F1(&&)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F1(||) | |
8868edaf | 693 | 3.461 E F0(ha)3.461 E 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo) |
74091dd4 | 694 | .15 F .96(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F1(&)3.46 E F0 3.46 |
8868edaf | 695 | (,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96(qual prece-).15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
696 | (dence.)108 564 Q 2.5(As)108 580.8 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E |
697 | (wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 698 | (instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 |
74091dd4 | 699 | (If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 597.6 R F1(&) |
a0c0a00f | 700 | 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 |
74091dd4 CR |
701 | (cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 |
702 | (in)2.529 E 2.678(as)108 609.6 S 2.678(ubshell. The)-2.678 F .178 | |
d233b485 CR |
703 | (shell does not w)2.678 F .178 |
704 | (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .178 | |
74091dd4 | 705 | (These are referred)5.178 F .778(to as)108 621.6 R F2(async)3.278 E(hr) |
8868edaf | 706 | -.15 E(onous)-.45 E F0 3.278(commands. Commands)3.278 F .779 |
74091dd4 | 707 | (separated by a)3.278 F F1(;)3.279 E F0 .779(are e)3.279 F -.15(xe)-.15 |
8868edaf | 708 | G .779(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .779(aits for)-.1 F |
74091dd4 | 709 | (each command to terminate in turn.)108 633.6 Q |
d233b485 | 710 | (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E |
8868edaf | 711 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .172(AND and OR lists are sequences of one \ |
74091dd4 CR |
712 | or more pipelines separated by the)108 650.4 R F1(&&)2.671 E F0(and) |
713 | 2.671 E F1(||)2.671 E F0 .171(control operators, re-)2.671 F(specti)108 | |
714 | 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E | |
d233b485 | 715 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G |
74091dd4 CR |
716 | 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 679.2 Q F1(&&) |
717 | 2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 696 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
718 | G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E | |
8868edaf | 719 | (xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
720 | 712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0 |
721 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(4)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
722 | %%Page: 5 5 |
723 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
724 | BP | |
725 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 726 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
727 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 |
728 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(command2)108.2 84 Q F0 .434(is e)2.954 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
729 | G .434(cuted if, and only if,).15 F F1(command1)3.135 E F0 .435 | |
730 | (returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .435 | |
731 | (The return status of AND)5.435 F(and OR lists is the e)108 96 Q | |
732 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
733 | (cuted in the list.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Compound Commands)87 | |
734 | 112.8 Q F0(A)108 124.8 Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054 | |
735 | (is one of the follo)3.554 F 3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a) | |
736 | 3.553 F F1(list)3.553 E F0 1.053(in a command')3.553 F 3.553(sd)-.55 G | |
737 | 1.053(escription may be)-3.553 F 1.026 | |
738 | (separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne)108 136.8 R | |
8868edaf | 739 | 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.027 |
74091dd4 CR |
740 | (wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 148.8 Q(\()108 165.6 Q F1 |
741 | (list)A F0(\))A F1(list)144 165.6 Q F0 .215(is e)2.715 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
742 | .215(cuted in a subshell \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .215 | |
743 | (COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.715 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo)2.465 E 2.714(wf) | |
744 | -.25 G .214(or a descrip-)-2.714 F .209(tion of a subshell en)144 177.6 | |
745 | R 2.709(vironment\). V)-.4 F .209(ariable assignments and b)-1.11 F .209 | |
746 | (uiltin commands that af)-.2 F .21(fect the shell')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(en) | |
747 | 144 189.6 Q 1.069(vironment do not remain in ef)-.4 F 1.069 | |
748 | (fect after the command completes.)-.25 F 1.068 | |
749 | (The return status is the e)6.069 F(xit)-.15 E(status of)144 201.6 Q F1 | |
750 | (list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 218.4 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)144 | |
751 | 218.4 Q F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401 | |
752 | (cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list)5.401 E F0 | |
753 | .402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 | |
754 | (semicolon. This)144 230.4 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F1 | |
8868edaf | 755 | (gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 |
74091dd4 CR |
756 | (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) |
757 | 3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 242.4 R 2.719(et) | |
758 | -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F2(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F2 | |
759 | (\))2.719 E F0(,)A F2({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F2(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 | |
760 | E F1 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 | |
761 | (and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 254.4 S .257 | |
762 | (rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) | |
763 | -.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) | |
764 | -.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 266.4 Q F1 | |
d233b485 | 765 | (list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 |
74091dd4 CR |
766 | E(\(\()108 283.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 |
767 | 295.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F | |
d233b485 | 768 | -.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
769 | 2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F3 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E |
770 | (A-)-.54 E(TION)144 307.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) | |
771 | 4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ | |
772 | n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F .186(is 1.)144 319.2 R | |
773 | (The)5.186 E F1 -.2(ex)2.686 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.686 E | |
774 | .186(goes the same e)-.18 F .186 | |
775 | (xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .187(ut double) | |
776 | -.2 F(quote characters in)144 331.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) | |
777 | -.37 E F0(are not treated specially and are remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
778 | (d.).15 E F2([[)108 348 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(]]) | |
779 | 2.5 E F0 .003(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 360 R | |
780 | -.25(va)-.25 G .003(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E | |
781 | F1 -.2(ex)2.503 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.003(.E)C(x-)-5.003 E .758 | |
782 | (pressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 372 R 3.259 | |
783 | (wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.259 E F3(CONDITION)3.259 E .759(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F | |
784 | F4(.)A F0 .065(The w)144 384 R .065(ords between the)-.1 F F2([[)2.565 E | |
785 | F0(and)2.565 E F2(]])2.565 E F0 .065(do not under)2.565 F .065(go w)-.18 | |
786 | F .065(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 2.565(xpansion. The)-.15 F | |
787 | (shell)2.565 E .483(performs tilde e)144 396 R .483 | |
788 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .483(ariable e)-.25 F .483 | |
789 | (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .483(xpansion, command sub-)-.15 F .201 | |
790 | (stitution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 408 R -.25(va)-.15 | |
791 | G 2.701(lo).25 G 2.701(nt)-2.701 G .201(hose w)-2.701 F .201 | |
792 | (ords \(the e)-.1 F .2(xpansions that w)-.15 F .2(ould occur)-.1 F .382 | |
793 | (if the w)144 420 R .382(ords were enclosed in double quotes\).)-.1 F | |
794 | .382(Conditional operators such as)5.382 F F2<ad66>2.882 E F0 .382 | |
795 | (must be unquoted)2.882 F(to be recognized as primaries.)144 432 Q | |
796 | (When used with)144 450 Q F2([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E | |
797 | F0(and)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E | |
798 | (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 468 | |
799 | R F2(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators are used\ | |
800 | , the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-)3.002 F | |
801 | .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 480 R | |
802 | 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F2 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM)-.15 G | |
803 | (atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he)-3.31 E | |
804 | F2(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 492 Q F0 .313(shell option were enabled.)2.814 F | |
805 | (The)5.313 E F2(=)2.813 E F0 .313(operator is equi)2.813 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
806 | G .313(lent to).25 F F2(==)2.813 E F0 5.313(.I)C 2.813(ft)-5.313 G(he) | |
807 | -2.813 E F2(nocasematch)2.813 E F0 .313(shell op-)2.813 F .029 | |
808 | (tion is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 504 R -.05(ga) | |
809 | -.15 G .03(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .03(The re-) | |
810 | 5.03 F .259(turn v)144 516 R .259(alue is 0 if the string matches \() | |
811 | -.25 F F2(==)A F0 2.759(\)o)C 2.759(rd)-2.759 G .259(oes not match \() | |
812 | -2.759 F F2(!=)A F0 2.759(\)t)C .259(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-2.759 | |
813 | F(An)5.258 E(y)-.15 E(part of the pattern may be quoted to force the qu\ | |
814 | oted portion to be matched as a string.)144 528 Q .243 | |
815 | (An additional binary operator)144 546 R(,)-.4 E F2(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743 | |
816 | (,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 | |
817 | (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F2(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E | |
818 | F2(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F .182 | |
d233b485 | 819 | (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX e) |
74091dd4 CR |
820 | 144 558 R .182(xtended re)-.15 F .181(gular e)-.15 F .181(xpression and) |
821 | -.15 F 2.623(matched accordingly \(using the POSIX)144 570 R F1 -.37(re) | |
822 | 5.124 G(gcomp)-.03 E F0(and)5.124 E F1 -.37(re)5.124 G -.1(ge)-.03 G | |
823 | (xec)-.1 E F0(interf)5.124 E 2.624(aces usually described in)-.1 F F1 | |
824 | -.37(re)144 582 S -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 3.272(\(3\)\). The)B .772 | |
825 | (return v)3.272 F .772 | |
8868edaf | 826 | (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-.25 F |
74091dd4 | 827 | .771(If the re)5.771 F(gular)-.15 E -.15(ex)144 594 S .508 |
8868edaf | 828 | (pression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e).15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
829 | (xpression')-.15 E 3.008(sr)-.55 G .509(eturn v)-3.008 F .509 |
830 | (alue is 2.)-.25 F .509(If the)5.509 F F2(nocase-)3.009 E(match)144 606 | |
831 | Q F0 1.307(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re) | |
832 | 3.807 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.306(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.599 | |
833 | (characters. If)144 618 R(an)2.599 E 2.599(yp)-.15 G .099 | |
834 | (art of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally) | |
835 | -2.599 F 5.1(.T)-.65 G .1(his means)-5.1 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 630 T | |
836 | .032(ry character in the quoted portion matches itself, instead of ha) | |
837 | .25 F .031(ving an)-.2 F 2.531(ys)-.15 G .031(pecial pattern matching) | |
838 | -2.531 F 3.041(meaning. If)144 642 R .542 | |
839 | (the pattern is stored in a shell v)3.041 F .542(ariable, quoting the v) | |
840 | -.25 F .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542(xpansion forces the en-)-.15 F 1.825 | |
841 | (tire pattern to be matched literally)144 654 R 6.825(.T)-.65 G 1.825 | |
842 | (reat brack)-7.175 F 1.825(et e)-.1 F 1.825(xpressions in re)-.15 F | |
843 | 1.825(gular e)-.15 F 1.825(xpressions carefully)-.15 F(,)-.65 E(since n\ | |
844 | ormal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between brack) | |
845 | 144 666 Q(ets.)-.1 E .838(The pattern will match if it matches an)144 | |
846 | 684 R 3.338(yp)-.15 G .838(art of the string.)-3.338 F .839 | |
847 | (Anchor the pattern using the)5.839 F F2(^)3.339 E F0(and)3.339 E F2($) | |
848 | 3.339 E F0(re)144 696 Q .847(gular e)-.15 F .846 | |
8868edaf CR |
849 | (xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 F .846 |
850 | (The array v)5.846 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.346 G(SH_RE-).27 E(MA) | |
74091dd4 | 851 | 144 708 Q(TCH)-.855 E F0 .321 |
8868edaf CR |
852 | (records which parts of the string matched the pattern.)2.571 F .322 |
853 | (The element of)5.322 F F3 -.27(BA)2.822 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 | |
74091dd4 | 854 | .583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582 |
8868edaf | 855 | (contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582 |
74091dd4 CR |
856 | (gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
857 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(5)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
858 | %%Page: 6 6 |
859 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
860 | BP | |
861 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 862 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
863 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .249 |
864 | (matched by parenthesized sube)144 84 R .249(xpressions within the re) | |
865 | -.15 F .249(gular e)-.15 F .249(xpression are sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
866 | 2.749(di).15 G 2.75(nt)-2.749 G .25(he remaining)-2.75 F/F1 9 | |
867 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)144 96 S(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 1.13 | |
868 | (indices. The element of)3.38 F F1 -.27(BA)3.63 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH) | |
869 | -.855 E F0 1.13(with inde)3.38 F(x)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.63 | |
870 | E F0 1.13(is the portion of the)3.63 F 1.125(string matching the)144 108 | |
871 | R F2(n)3.625 E F0 1.125(th parenthesized sube)B 3.625(xpression. Bash) | |
872 | -.15 F(sets)3.626 E F1 -.27(BA)3.626 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0 | |
873 | 1.126(in the global)3.376 F(scope; declaring it as a local v)144 120 Q | |
874 | (ariable will lead to une)-.25 E(xpected results.)-.15 E .786 | |
875 | (Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 138 R .785 | |
876 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 | |
877 | 150 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()144 168 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) | |
878 | -.37 E F3(\))2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 180 R .522(alue of)-.25 F | |
879 | F2 -.2(ex)3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522 | |
8868edaf | 880 | (his may be used to o)-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522 |
74091dd4 CR |
881 | (rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 192 Q F3(!)144 204 |
882 | Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 216 S(ue if).35 E | |
8868edaf | 883 | F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2 |
74091dd4 CR |
884 | (ex)144 228 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E |
885 | (ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 240 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
8868edaf | 886 | (pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2) |
74091dd4 CR |
887 | -.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 252 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3 |
888 | (||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 264 S | |
8868edaf | 889 | (ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
890 | F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 280.8 |
891 | Q F3(&&)2.676 E F0(and)2.676 E F3(||)2.676 E F0 .175(operators do not e) | |
892 | 2.676 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G(pr).2 E(ession2) | |
893 | -.37 E F0 .175(if the v)2.675 F .175(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.675 G | |
894 | (pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .175(is suf)2.675 F .175(\214cient to de-) | |
895 | -.25 F(termine the return v)144 292.8 Q | |
896 | (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo) | |
897 | 108 309.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
898 | (wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 | |
899 | E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 321.6 R .423 | |
900 | (ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 | |
901 | (xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) | |
902 | -.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 | |
903 | (each element of this list in turn, and)144 333.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 904 | .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 |
74091dd4 CR |
905 | (If the)5.653 F F3(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 |
906 | (is omitted, the)3.153 F F3 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) | |
907 | 144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 | |
908 | (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F1 -.666 | |
909 | (PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 | |
910 | (The return status is the e)144 357.6 R .153 | |
911 | (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 | |
912 | (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F | |
913 | (follo)144 369.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 914 | (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 | 915 | (cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 386.4 S(r).25 E |
ac50fbac | 916 | F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 |
74091dd4 CR |
917 | E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F2 |
918 | (list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) | |
919 | 144 398.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) | |
920 | 3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 | |
921 | (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G | |
922 | (nder)-3.736 E F1 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 410.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) | |
923 | -.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) | |
924 | 5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) | |
925 | 3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 | |
926 | 422.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F | |
ac50fbac | 927 | F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 |
74091dd4 CR |
928 | (luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) |
929 | 3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 | |
930 | 434.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F | |
495aee44 CR |
931 | -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 |
932 | (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
933 | 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G |
934 | .228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 446.4 R .227 | |
935 | (alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 | |
936 | (list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) | |
937 | .15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 | |
938 | E -.15(ex)144 458.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3 | |
939 | (select)108 475.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) | |
940 | -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 | |
941 | 1.358(The list of w)144 487.2 R 1.358(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3 | |
942 | (in)3.858 E F0 1.358(is e)3.858 F 1.357 | |
943 | (xpanded, generating a list of items, and the set of e)-.15 F(xpanded) | |
944 | -.15 E -.1(wo)144 499.2 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F | |
945 | 3.101(,e)-.4 G .601(ach preceded by a number)-3.101 F 5.601(.I)-.55 G | |
946 | 3.101(ft)-5.601 G(he)-3.101 E F3(in)3.101 E F2(wor)3.101 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
947 | .602(is omitted, the)3.101 F .188 | |
948 | (positional parameters are printed \(see)144 511.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.688 G | |
949 | (RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.438 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(select)5.188 E F0 .188 | |
950 | (then displays the)2.688 F F1(PS3)2.687 E F0(prompt)2.437 E .46 | |
951 | (and reads a line from the standard input.)144 523.2 R .461 | |
952 | (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of)5.46 F .141 | |
953 | (the displayed w)144 535.2 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of) | |
954 | -.25 F F2(name)3.001 E F0 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. If) | |
955 | -.1 F .141(the line is empty)2.641 F 2.641(,t)-.65 G .141(he w)-2.641 F | |
956 | .141(ords and)-.1 F 1.048(prompt are displayed ag)144 547.2 R 3.548 | |
957 | (ain. If)-.05 F 1.048(EOF is read, the)3.548 F F3(select)3.548 E F0 | |
958 | 1.048(command completes and returns 1.)3.548 F(An)6.048 E(y)-.15 E .32 | |
959 | (other v)144 559.2 R .32(alue read causes)-.25 F F2(name)3.18 E F0 .32 | |
960 | (to be set to null.)3 F .32(The line read is sa)5.32 F -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
961 | 2.82(di).15 G 2.82(nt)-2.82 G .319(he v)-2.82 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL) | |
962 | 2.819 E(Y)-.828 E F4(.)A F0(The)4.819 E F2(list)144.09 571.2 Q F0 .055 | |
963 | (is e)3.235 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .056(cuted after each selection until a).15 | |
964 | F F3(br)2.556 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .056(command is e)2.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
965 | 2.556(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.556 G .056(it status of).15 F F3 | |
966 | (select)2.556 E F0(is)2.556 E(the e)144 583.2 Q | |
967 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E | |
968 | F2(list)2.59 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e) | |
969 | -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 600 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 | |
970 | E F3(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 | |
971 | (|)2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 | |
972 | (;; ] ...)2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 612 Q F3(case)3.265 E F0 .764 | |
973 | (command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 974 | 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F |
74091dd4 CR |
975 | F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883 |
976 | (matching rules described under)144 624 R F3 -.1(Pa)3.384 G(tter).1 E | |
8868edaf | 977 | 3.384(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.384 E F0(belo)3.384 E 4.684 -.65(w. T)-.25 H |
74091dd4 | 978 | (he).65 E F2(wor)3.384 E(d)-.37 E F0 .884(is e)3.384 F .884 |
8868edaf | 979 | (xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .95(pansion, parameter and v)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
980 | 636 R .95(ariable e)-.25 F .95(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .95 |
981 | (xpansion, command substitution, process)-.15 F .18 | |
982 | (substitution and quote remo)144 648 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.681(l. Each).25 | |
8868edaf | 983 | F F2(pattern)2.681 E F0 -.15(ex)2.681 G .181(amined is e).15 F .181 |
74091dd4 CR |
984 | (xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F .181(xpansion, param-)-.15 F .103 |
985 | (eter and v)144 660 R .103(ariable e)-.25 F .103(xpansion, arithmetic e) | |
986 | -.15 F .103(xpansion, command substitution, process substitution, and) | |
987 | -.15 F .138(quote remo)144 672 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.638(l. If).25 F(the) | |
988 | 2.638 E F3(nocasematch)2.638 E F0 .139 | |
989 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.638 F -.05 | |
990 | (ga)-.15 G(rd).05 E .209(to the case of alphabetic characters.)144 684 R | |
991 | .209(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.209 F F2(list)2.708 E F0 | |
992 | .208(is e)2.708 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.708(cuted. If).15 F(the)144 696 Q F3 | |
993 | (;;)3.349 E F0 .849(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempt\ | |
994 | ed after the \214rst pattern match.)3.349 F(Using)5.85 E F3(;&)144 708 Q | |
995 | F0 .254(in place of)2.754 F F3(;;)2.754 E F0 .254(causes e)2.754 F -.15 | |
996 | (xe)-.15 G .254(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)2.754 E F0 | |
997 | .254(associated with the ne)2.754 F .253(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F | |
998 | (Using)144 720 Q F3(;;&)3.378 E F0 .878(in place of)3.378 F F3(;;)3.378 | |
999 | E F0 .878(causes the shell to test the ne)3.378 F .878 | |
1000 | (xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 2.178 -.65(y, a)-.15 H | |
1001 | (nd).65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(6)190.115 E | |
1002 | 0 Cg EP | |
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1003 | %%Page: 7 7 |
1004 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1005 | BP | |
1006 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 1007 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1008 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S |
1009 | .159(cute an).15 F 2.659(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.659 E/F1 10 | |
1010 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(list)2.659 E F0 .159 | |
1011 | (on a successful match, continuing the case statement e)2.659 F -.15(xe) | |
1012 | -.15 G .158(cution as if the).15 F .182(pattern list had not matched.) | |
1013 | 144 96 R .183(The e)5.183 F .183 | |
1014 | (xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 F .183 | |
1015 | (Otherwise, it is the e)5.183 F(xit)-.15 E(status of the last command e) | |
1016 | 144 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10 | |
1017 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(if)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 | |
1018 | (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F2(elif)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1 | |
1019 | (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F2(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
1020 | (;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 136.8 Q F2(if)2.978 E F1(list)3.068 E F0 .478 | |
1021 | (is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F | |
1022 | .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 | |
1023 | .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) | |
1024 | 2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 148.8 R -.15 | |
1025 | (xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 | |
1026 | (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E F1(list) | |
1027 | 3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F | |
1028 | .104(command completes.)144 160.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else) | |
1029 | 2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 | |
1030 | (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) | |
1031 | -.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 172.8 Q -.15 | |
1032 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while) | |
1033 | 108 189.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2 | |
1034 | (done)2.5 E(until)108 201.6 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1 | |
1035 | (list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 213.6 Q F2(while)3.45 E F0 | |
1036 | .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 | |
1037 | F F1(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F | |
1038 | F1(list-1)144 225.6 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 | |
1039 | (xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F2(until)2.705 E F0 .205 | |
1040 | (command is identical to the)2.705 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 .205 | |
1041 | (command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 237.6 R | |
1042 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F1(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15 | |
1043 | (xe)-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F1(list-1)3.19 | |
1044 | E F0 .6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S .205(it status.).15 | |
1045 | F .205(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)2.705 E F0 | |
1046 | (and)2.705 E F2(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 | |
1047 | (xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 261.6 S(cuted in).15 | |
1048 | E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) | |
1049 | -.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Copr)87 278.4 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0 | |
1050 | (A)108 290.4 Q F1(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 | |
1051 | (is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F2(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 | |
1052 | (reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 | |
1053 | (coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ | |
d233b485 | 1054 | onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) |
74091dd4 CR |
1055 | 108 302.4 R F2(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G |
1056 | .574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 314.4 S 2.5(yp).1 G | |
d233b485 | 1057 | (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
1058 | (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The syntax for a coprocess is:) |
1059 | 108 331.2 Q F2(copr)144 348 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E | |
1060 | F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E | |
1061 | F0(])A .598(This creates a coprocess named)108 364.8 R F1 -.27(NA)3.099 | |
1062 | G(ME).27 E F0(.)A F1(command)5.599 E F0 .599 | |
1063 | (may be either a simple command or a compound com-)3.099 F 1.4 | |
1064 | (mand \(see abo)108 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.27(NA)6.4 G | |
1065 | (ME).27 E F0 1.4(is a shell v)3.9 F 1.4(ariable name.)-.25 F(If)6.4 E F1 | |
1066 | -.27(NA)3.9 G(ME).27 E F0 1.4(is not supplied, the def)3.9 F 1.4 | |
1067 | (ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 388.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A | |
1068 | (The recommended form to use for a coprocess is)108 405.6 Q F2(copr)144 | |
1069 | 422.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0({)2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E | |
1070 | F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F0(]; })A 1.313(This f\ | |
1071 | orm is recommended because simple commands result in the coprocess al) | |
1072 | 108 439.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.313(ys being named).1 F F2(CO-)3.813 E(PR)108 | |
1073 | 451.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd it is simpler to use and more complete \ | |
1074 | than the other compound commands.)-2.5 E(If)108 468 Q F1(command)3.062 E | |
1075 | F0 .562(is a compound command,)3.062 F F1 -.27(NA)3.062 G(ME).27 E F0 | |
1076 | .561(is optional. The w)3.061 F .561(ord follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2 | |
1077 | (copr)3.061 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .561(determines whether)3.061 F .338(that w) | |
1078 | 108 480 R .338(ord is interpreted as a v)-.1 F .338 | |
1079 | (ariable name: it is interpreted as)-.25 F F1 -.27(NA)2.839 G(ME).27 E | |
1080 | F0 .339(if it is not a reserv)2.839 F .339(ed w)-.15 F .339 | |
1081 | (ord that intro-)-.1 F 1.122(duces a compound command.)108 492 R(If) | |
1082 | 6.121 E F1(command)3.621 E F0 1.121(is a simple command,)3.621 F F1 -.27 | |
1083 | (NA)3.621 G(ME).27 E F0 1.121(is not allo)3.621 F 1.121 | |
1084 | (wed; this is to a)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E(confusion between)108 504 | |
1085 | Q F1 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0(and the \214rst w)2.5 E | |
1086 | (ord of the simple command.)-.1 E .09(When the coprocess is e)108 520.8 | |
1087 | R -.15(xe)-.15 G .09(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F .09 | |
1088 | (ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.59 E F0(belo)2.59 E .09(w\) named)-.25 | |
1089 | F F1 -.27(NA)2.59 G(ME).27 E F0 .09(in the)2.59 F(conte)108 532.8 Q .303 | |
1090 | (xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuting shell.).15 F .302 | |
1091 | (The standard output of)5.302 F F1(command)3.002 E F0 .302 | |
1092 | (is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor)3.572 F .587(in the e) | |
1093 | 108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .587 | |
1094 | (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 | |
1095 | (NA)3.087 G(ME).27 E F0 3.087([0]. The)B .587(standard input of)3.087 F | |
1096 | F1(command)3.287 E F0(is)3.858 E 2.029 | |
1097 | (connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 556.8 R -.15 | |
1098 | (xe)-.15 G 2.029 | |
1099 | (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F1 -.27 | |
1100 | (NA)108 568.8 S(ME).27 E F0 2.879([1]. This)B .379 | |
1101 | (pipe is established before an)2.879 F 2.879(yr)-.15 G .379 | |
1102 | (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-2.879 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
1103 | SF(REDIRECTION)2.879 E F0(belo)108 580.8 Q 3.426(w\). The)-.25 F .926 | |
1104 | (\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.426 F .925 | |
1105 | (guments to shell commands and redirections using stan-)-.18 F .286 | |
1106 | (dard w)108 592.8 R .286(ord e)-.1 F 2.786(xpansions. Other)-.15 F .286 | |
1107 | (than those created to e)2.786 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 | |
1108 | (cute command and process substitutions, the \214le de-).15 F | |
1109 | (scriptors are not a)108 604.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in subshells.).25 | |
1110 | E 1.676(The process ID of the shell spa)108 621.6 R 1.676(wned to e)-.15 | |
1111 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.676(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.676 | |
1112 | (ilable as the v).25 F 1.676(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.27 | |
1113 | (NA)108 633.6 S(ME).27 E F0 2.5(_PID. The)B F2(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 | |
1114 | G(iltin command may be used to w).2 E | |
ac50fbac | 1115 | (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 |
8868edaf | 1116 | (Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 |
74091dd4 | 1117 | 650.4 R F2(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .336(command al)2.836 F -.1(wa)-.1 |
8868edaf | 1118 | G .336(ys returns success.).1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1119 | (The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 662.4 Q(xit status of) |
1120 | -.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 679.2 | |
1121 | Q F0 2.698(As)108 691.2 S .198 | |
8868edaf CR |
1122 | (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G |
1123 | .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 | |
74091dd4 | 1124 | (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 703.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) |
d233b485 | 1125 | -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
1126 | (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 |
1127 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(7)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1128 | %%Page: 8 8 | |
1129 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1130 | BP | |
1131 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1132 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1133 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 | |
1134 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(fname)108 84 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F1(compound\255command) | |
1135 | 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A/F2 10 | |
1136 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(function)108 96 Q F1(fname)2.5 E F0([\(\)])2.5 E F1 | |
1137 | (compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 | |
1138 | E F0(])A .216(This de\214nes a function named)144 108 R F1(fname)2.716 E | |
1139 | F0 5.217(.T)C .217(he reserv)-5.217 F .217(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 | |
1140 | (function)2.717 E F0 .217(is optional.)2.717 F .217(If the)5.217 F F2 | |
1141 | (function)2.717 E F0(re-)2.717 E(serv)144 120 Q .68(ed w)-.15 F .68 | |
1142 | (ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.68 E F1 | |
1143 | (body)3.18 E F0 .68(of the function is the compound)3.18 F(command)144 | |
1144 | 132 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 | |
1145 | (Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) | |
1146 | .15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 144 Q F0 .044 | |
1147 | (of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 | |
1148 | (yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) | |
1149 | 2.544 F F0(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.531(.I).15 G 3.031(ft)-5.531 G | |
1150 | (he)-3.031 E F2(function)3.032 E F0(reserv)3.032 E .532(ed w)-.15 F .532 | |
1151 | (ord is used, b)-.1 F .532 | |
1152 | (ut the parentheses are not supplied, the braces are)-.2 F(recommended.) | |
1153 | 144 168 Q F1(compound\255command)6.254 E F0 1.254(is e)3.754 F -.15(xe) | |
1154 | -.15 G 1.254(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(fname)3.753 E | |
1155 | F0 1.253(is speci\214ed as the name of a)3.753 F 1.252(simple command.) | |
1156 | 144 180 R 1.252(When in)6.252 F F1 1.252(posix mode)3.752 F F0(,)A F1 | |
1157 | (fname)3.752 E F0 1.252(must be a v)3.752 F 1.252(alid shell)-.25 F F1 | |
1158 | (name)3.753 E F0 1.253(and may not be the)3.753 F .089 | |
1159 | (name of one of the POSIX)144 192 R F1 .089(special b)2.589 F(uiltins) | |
1160 | -.2 E F0 5.089(.I)C 2.589(nd)-5.089 G(ef)-2.589 E .089 | |
1161 | (ault mode, a function name can be an)-.1 F 2.588(yu)-.15 G(nquoted) | |
1162 | -2.588 E .164(shell w)144 204 R .164(ord that does not contain)-.1 F F2 | |
1163 | ($)2.665 E F0 5.165(.A)C .465 -.15(ny r)-5.165 H .165(edirections \(see) | |
1164 | .15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.665 E F0(belo)2.415 E .165 | |
1165 | (w\) speci\214ed when a)-.25 F .061 | |
1166 | (function is de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 216 R | |
1167 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.561(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.56 G .06 | |
1168 | (it status of a function de\214-).15 F .579(nition is zero unless a syn\ | |
1169 | tax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 | |
1170 | 228 R(x-)-.15 E 2.593(ists. When)144 240 R -.15(exe)2.593 G .093 | |
1171 | (cuted, the e).15 F .093(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .093 | |
1172 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .092(cuted in) | |
1173 | .15 F(the body)144 252 Q 5(.\()-.65 G(See)-5 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 1174 | (belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS) |
74091dd4 | 1175 | 72 268.8 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 280.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
8868edaf | 1176 | .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982 |
74091dd4 CR |
1177 | (hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 |
1178 | E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)108 292.8 S | |
8868edaf CR |
1179 | .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952 |
1180 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be) | |
74091dd4 | 1181 | -.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 |
8868edaf | 1182 | F(ord)-.1 E .604 |
74091dd4 | 1183 | (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 304.8 R |
0001803f | 1184 | .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) |
74091dd4 CR |
1185 | .15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 316.8 Q F0 |
1186 | .34(option enabled does not allo)2.84 F 2.84(wc)-.25 G 2.84 | |
1187 | (omments. The)-2.84 F F2(interacti)2.84 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 | |
1188 | .34(option is on by def)2.84 F .34(ault in in-)-.1 F(teracti)108 328.8 Q | |
1189 | .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 345.6 S -.438(OT).11 G | |
1190 | (ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 357.6 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 | |
1191 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 | |
1192 | F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 | |
d233b485 | 1193 | (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
1194 | 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 |
1195 | (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 381.6 Q -.15 | |
8868edaf | 1196 | (ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
1197 | 398.4 R F1(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 |
1198 | (listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) | |
1199 | 2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F | |
1200 | (quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.345 | |
1201 | (When the command history e)108 427.2 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 | |
d233b485 CR |
1202 | (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 |
1203 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1204 | -.25 F F1(history e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 |
1205 | (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 | |
1206 | E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E | |
1207 | (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 456 Q F1(escape c)2.69 E | |
1208 | (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G | |
1209 | (ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.962(An)108 472.8 S .463 | |
1210 | (on-quoted backslash \()-2.962 F F2(\\)A F0 2.963(\)i)C 2.963(st)-2.963 | |
1211 | G(he)-2.963 E F1 .463(escape c)3.153 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.463 | |
8868edaf | 1212 | (.I).73 G 2.963(tp)-5.463 G(reserv)-2.963 E .463(es the literal v)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1213 | .463(alue of the ne)-.25 F .463(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 484.8 |
1214 | Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 | |
1215 | (wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 | |
8868edaf | 1216 | (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F .347 |
74091dd4 | 1217 | (quoted, the)108 496.8 R F2(\\)2.847 E F0(<ne)A .347 |
17345e5a | 1218 | (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F |
8868edaf | 1219 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(df).15 G .348(rom the input stream and ef-)-2.848 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1220 | (fecti)108 508.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 |
1221 | (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 525.6 R .295 | |
17345e5a JA |
1222 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) |
1223 | -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E | |
74091dd4 | 1224 | (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 537.6 Q -.15(ve) |
8868edaf | 1225 | -.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 |
74091dd4 | 1226 | (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 554.4 R .034 |
17345e5a JA |
1227 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 |
1228 | (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1229 | 566.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F0(,)A |
1230 | F2(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 | |
1231 | (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 | |
1232 | (hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C | |
1233 | (he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F .46 | |
1234 | (special meaning within double quotes, e)108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96 | |
8868edaf | 1235 | (nw).15 G .46(hen history e)-2.96 F .46(xpansion is enabled.)-.15 F .46 |
74091dd4 CR |
1236 | (The characters)5.46 F F2($)2.96 E F0(and)2.96 E F2<92>2.96 E F0(re-) |
1237 | 2.96 E .563(tain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 590.4 R | |
8868edaf | 1238 | .562(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-)5.563 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1239 | (lo)108 602.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 |
1240 | (wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F2(") | |
1241 | 3.935 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2(<newline>) | |
a0c0a00f | 1242 | 3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 |
74091dd4 | 1243 | (double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 614.4 R .131 |
a0c0a00f | 1244 | (If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) |
74091dd4 CR |
1245 | -.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F0 |
1246 | (appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 626.4 Q | |
1247 | (The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) | |
1248 | -.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 643.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 | |
1249 | E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H | |
d233b485 | 1250 | (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G |
74091dd4 CR |
1251 | (RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .148 |
1252 | (Character sequences of the form)108 660 R F2($)2.649 E F0<08>A F1 | |
1253 | (string)A F0 2.649<0861>C .149(re treated as a special v)-2.649 F .149 | |
1254 | (ariant of single quotes.)-.25 F .149(The sequence e)5.149 F(x-)-.15 E | |
1255 | .528(pands to)108 672 R F1(string)3.028 E F0 3.028(,w)C .528 | |
1256 | (ith backslash-escaped characters in)-3.028 F F1(string)3.027 E F0 .527 | |
1257 | (replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F | |
1258 | (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q | |
1259 | (ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708 | |
1260 | Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 | |
1261 | E(8)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1262 | %%Page: 9 9 |
1263 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1264 | BP | |
1265 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 1266 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1267 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
1268 | SF(\\e)144 84 Q(\\E)144 96 Q F0(an escape character)180 96 Q F1(\\f)144 | |
1269 | 108 Q F0(form feed)180 108 Q F1(\\n)144 120 Q F0(ne)180 120 Q 2.5(wl) | |
1270 | -.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 132 Q F0(carriage return)180 132 Q F1(\\t) | |
1271 | 144 144 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 144 Q F1(\\v)144 156 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 | |
1272 | 156 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 168 Q F0(backslash)180 168 Q F1<5c08> | |
1273 | 144 180 Q F0(single quote)180 180 Q F1(\\")144 192 Q F0(double quote)180 | |
1274 | 192 Q F1(\\?)144 204 Q F0(question mark)180 204 Q F1(\\)144 216 Q/F2 10 | |
1275 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 216 Q | |
1276 | (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
1277 | (\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
1278 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
1279 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
1280 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 | |
1281 | 1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 | |
1282 | (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) | |
1283 | 4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 | |
1284 | (\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 | |
1285 | (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 | |
1286 | (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) | |
1287 | 3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) | |
1288 | -2.5 E F1(\\c)144 312 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 312 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A | |
1289 | F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 328.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ | |
1290 | s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 345.6 S | |
1291 | .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F1($)A F0 | |
1292 | (")A F2(string)A F0 .14 | |
1293 | ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .785 | |
1294 | (to the current locale.)108 357.6 R(The)5.785 E F2 -.1(ge)3.284 G(tte).1 | |
1295 | E(xt)-.2 E F0 .784 | |
1296 | (infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the)3.284 F | |
1297 | F1(LC_MES-)3.284 E(SA)108 369.6 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(,)A F1(TEXTDOMAINDIR) | |
1298 | 2.76 E F0 2.76(,a)C(nd)-2.76 E F1(TEXTDOMAIN)2.76 E F0 .261(shell v) | |
1299 | 2.761 F 2.761(ariables. If)-.25 F .261(the current locale is)2.761 F F1 | |
1300 | (C)2.761 E F0(or)2.761 E F1(POSIX)2.761 E F0(,)A .792 | |
1301 | (if there are no translations a)108 381.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .791(ilable, \ | |
1302 | or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored.).25 F | |
1303 | .791(This is a)5.791 F .534 | |
1304 | (form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by def)108 | |
1305 | 393.6 R .535(ault, whether or not it is translated and)-.1 F 2.798 | |
1306 | (replaced. If)108 405.6 R(the)2.798 E F1(noexpand_translation)2.797 E F0 | |
1307 | .297(option is enabled using the)2.797 F F1(shopt)2.797 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1308 | 2.797 G .297(iltin, translated strings are sin-).2 F 2.044 | |
1309 | (gle-quoted instead of double-quoted.)108 417.6 R 2.044 | |
1310 | (See the description of)7.044 F F1(shopt)4.545 E F0(belo)4.545 E 4.545 | |
1311 | (wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.545 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.545 E/F4 9 | |
1312 | /Times-Roman@0 SF -.09(BU)C(IL).09 E(TIN)-.828 E F3(COM-)A(MANDS)108 | |
1313 | 429.6 Q F4(.)A/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 446.4 S(RAMETERS).81 | |
1314 | E F0(A)108 458.4 Q F2(par)4.575 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .825 | |
1315 | (is an entity that stores v)4.055 F 3.325(alues. It)-.25 F .825 | |
1316 | (can be a)3.325 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 3.324(,an).18 G(umber)-3.324 E | |
1317 | 3.324(,o)-.4 G 3.324(ro)-3.324 G .824(ne of the special characters) | |
1318 | -3.324 F .801(listed belo)108 470.4 R 3.301(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.301 E F1 | |
1319 | .801(Special P)3.301 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.802(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E | |
1320 | F0 .802(is a parameter denoted by a)3.482 F F2(name)3.662 E F0 5.802(.A) | |
1321 | .18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .802(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 482.4 Q F0 | |
1322 | .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C | |
1323 | (ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E | |
1324 | (e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) | |
1325 | 2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 494.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B) | |
1326 | 2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F4(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 511.2 S | |
1327 | .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754 | |
1328 | (alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F | |
1329 | 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 | |
1330 | F(may be unset only by using the)108 523.2 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1331 | 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) | |
1332 | -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 540 Q F2(variable)2.79 E F0 | |
1333 | (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F2(name)144 556.8 | |
1334 | Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 573.6 Q F2(value)3.023 E F0 .233 | |
1335 | (is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 | |
1336 | (ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F2(values)3.022 | |
1337 | E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 | |
1338 | F .515(and v)108 585.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 | |
495aee44 | 1339 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 |
17345e5a | 1340 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) |
74091dd4 CR |
1341 | -3.015 E F3(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 597.6 Q 2.699 |
1342 | (w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 | |
1343 | (integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) | |
1344 | 2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198 | |
1345 | (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1346 | (n).15 E .745(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 609.6 R .745 | |
1347 | (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .745(Arithmetic Expansion)3.245 F | |
1348 | F0(belo)3.245 E 3.246(w\). W)-.25 F .746(ord splitting and pathname e) | |
1349 | -.8 F(x-)-.15 E 1.364(pansion are not performed.)108 621.6 R 1.364 | |
1350 | (Assignment statements may also appear as ar)6.364 F 1.363 | |
1351 | (guments to the)-.18 F F1(alias)3.863 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.863 E(e)-.18 | |
1352 | E F0(,)A F1(typeset)108 633.6 Q F0(,)A F1(export)3.964 E F0(,)A F1 -.18 | |
1353 | (re)3.964 G(adonly).18 E F0 3.964(,a)C(nd)-3.964 E F1(local)3.964 E F0 | |
1354 | -.2(bu)3.964 G 1.464(iltin commands \().2 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 | |
1355 | 3.964(commands\). When)3.964 F(in)3.964 E F2 1.465(posix mode)3.965 F F0 | |
1356 | (,)A 1.142(these b)108 645.6 R 1.142 | |
1357 | (uiltins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the)-.2 | |
1358 | F F1(command)3.641 E F0 -.2(bu)3.641 G 1.141(iltin and retain).2 F | |
1359 | (these assignment statement properties.)108 657.6 Q .376(In the conte) | |
1360 | 108 674.4 R .376(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 | |
1361 | F .376(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 | |
a0c0a00f | 1362 | (x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 |
74091dd4 | 1363 | (operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 686.4 R(ariable') |
a0c0a00f | 1364 | -.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) |
74091dd4 | 1365 | -.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 698.4 S |
d233b485 | 1366 | .163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 |
8868edaf | 1367 | (that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F2(declar)A(ation)-.15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
1368 | F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .132 |
1369 | (applied to a v)108 710.4 R .132(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1 | |
1370 | (integer)2.632 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2 | |
1371 | (value)2.632 E F0 .131(is e)2.631 F -.25(va)-.25 G .131 | |
1372 | (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E 1.226 | |
1373 | (sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.726(sc)-.55 G | |
1374 | 1.227(urrent v)-3.726 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
1375 | G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.227(+= is applied to an array)3.727 F | |
1376 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(9)190.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1377 | %%Page: 10 10 | |
1378 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1379 | BP | |
1380 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1381 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1382 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S | |
1383 | .115(riable using compound assignment \(see).25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
1384 | (Arrays)2.615 E F0(belo)2.615 E .115(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E | |
1385 | 2.615(sv)-.55 G .114(alue is not unset \(as it is when us-)-2.865 F .387 | |
1386 | (ing =\), and ne)108 96 R 2.887(wv)-.25 G .388 | |
1387 | (alues are appended to the array be)-3.137 F .388 | |
1388 | (ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.888(sm)-.55 G .388 | |
1389 | (aximum inde)-2.888 F(x)-.15 E 1.597(\(for inde)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1390 | 4.097(da).15 G 1.596(rrays\) or added as additional k)-4.097 F -.15(ey) | |
1391 | -.1 G<ad76>.15 E 1.596(alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.896 -.15 | |
1392 | (ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 6.596(.W)-.65 G 1.596(hen applied to a)-6.596 F | |
1393 | (string-v)108 120 Q(alued v)-.25 E(ariable,)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 | |
1394 | SF(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E | |
1395 | (ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 136.8 S .882 | |
1396 | (ariable can be assigned the)-3.632 F F2(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0 | |
1397 | (attrib)3.382 E .882(ute using the)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.382 E F0 .882 | |
1398 | (option to the)3.382 F F1(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1 | |
1399 | (local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316 | |
1400 | (mands \(see the descriptions of)108 148.8 R F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E | |
1401 | F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 E .316(w\) to create a) | |
1402 | -.25 F F2(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315 | |
1403 | (eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.918(able. This)108 160.8 R | |
1404 | (allo)2.918 E .418(ws v)-.25 F .418 | |
8868edaf CR |
1405 | (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 5.419(.W)-.65 G(hene) |
1406 | -5.419 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.919(rt).15 G .419(he nameref v)-2.919 F .419 | |
1407 | (ariable is referenced, as-)-.25 F .133 | |
74091dd4 | 1408 | (signed to, unset, or has its attrib)108 172.8 R .132 |
8868edaf CR |
1409 | (utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F2(namer)2.632 |
1410 | E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.632 E .132(ute itself\), the)-.2 F 1.356 | |
74091dd4 | 1411 | (operation is actually performed on the v)108 184.8 R 1.357 |
8868edaf CR |
1412 | (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.857(sv) |
1413 | -.55 G 3.857(alue. A)-4.107 F 1.357(nameref is)3.857 F .972 | |
74091dd4 | 1414 | (commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 196.8 R .971 |
a0c0a00f | 1415 | (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F |
74091dd4 | 1416 | 2.5(function. F)108 208.8 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 1417 | (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
1418 | (gument, running)-.18 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 226.8 Q |
1419 | F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 | |
d233b485 | 1420 | E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) |
a0c0a00f | 1421 | -.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E |
74091dd4 | 1422 | 3.592(ment. References)108 256.8 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1423 | -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) |
1424 | -3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 | |
74091dd4 | 1425 | (ments, and attrib)108 268.8 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F |
d233b485 | 1426 | .144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E |
a0c0a00f | 1427 | F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 |
74091dd4 | 1428 | (ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 280.8 S(r).25 E F0 .868 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1429 | (loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 |
1430 | (ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 | |
1431 | (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 | |
74091dd4 | 1432 | (will be established for each w)108 292.8 R .509 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1433 | (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 |
1434 | (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 | |
74091dd4 | 1435 | 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.032(nt).15 G(he)-3.032 E F1(namer)3.032 E(ef) |
8868edaf CR |
1436 | -.18 E F0(attrib)3.032 E 3.032(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G |
1437 | 1.332 -.4(r, n).15 H .532(ameref v).4 F .531 | |
1438 | (ariables can reference array v)-.25 F .531(ariables and subscripted ar) | |
74091dd4 | 1439 | -.25 F(-)-.2 E .533(ray v)108 316.8 R 3.033(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F |
8868edaf CR |
1440 | .533(can be unset using the)3.033 F F1<ad6e>3.033 E F0 .533 |
1441 | (option to the)3.033 F F1(unset)3.033 E F0 -.2(bu)3.034 G 3.034 | |
1442 | (iltin. Otherwise,).2 F(if)3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(is e)3.034 F | |
74091dd4 | 1443 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 328.8 |
8868edaf | 1444 | R .442(ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 |
a0c0a00f | 1445 | (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
1446 | (will be unset.)108 340.8 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 357.6 S(sitional P).2 E |
1447 | (arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 369.6 Q F2 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) | |
1448 | -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ | |
1449 | the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 | |
1450 | (tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 381.6 R 2.944(sa) | |
1451 | -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
1452 | (ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 393.6 Q F1 | |
1453 | (set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ | |
1454 | parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F | |
1455 | (The)5.834 E(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shel\ | |
1456 | l function is e)108 405.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F4 9 | |
1457 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When \ | |
1458 | a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 | |
1459 | 422.4 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 | |
1460 | 434.4 Q F4(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 | |
1461 | (Special P)87 451.2 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 | |
1462 | 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) | |
1463 | -.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) | |
1464 | -6.675 F(them is not allo)108 475.2 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 487.2 Q F0 | |
1465 | .224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 487.2 | |
1466 | R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 | |
1467 | (quotes, each positional parameter e)144 499.2 R .662 | |
d233b485 | 1468 | (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 |
74091dd4 | 1469 | (xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 511.2 R 1.082 |
d233b485 CR |
1470 | (ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) |
1471 | -.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E | |
74091dd4 | 1472 | .914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 523.2 R .914 |
d233b485 CR |
1473 | (xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 |
1474 | (alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 | |
74091dd4 | 1475 | (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 535.2 R F4(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 |
8868edaf | 1476 | (special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F1($*)A F0 |
d233b485 | 1477 | 3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F |
74091dd4 | 1478 | F1($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0(",)A(where)144 547.2 Q F2(c) |
8868edaf | 1479 | 3.532 E F0 .832(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832 |
74091dd4 CR |
1480 | (alue of the)-.25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If) |
1481 | .25 F F4(IFS)3.332 E F0 .833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F | |
1482 | (separated by spaces.)144 559.2 Q(If)5 E F4(IFS)2.5 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 1483 | (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
1484 | (ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 571.2 Q F0 .722 |
1485 | (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 571.2 R | |
d233b485 | 1486 | .722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per) |
74091dd4 | 1487 | -.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 583.2 R 1.165 |
d233b485 | 1488 | (xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165 |
74091dd4 | 1489 | (ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 595.2 R .655 |
d233b485 CR |
1490 | (ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte) |
1491 | 5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654 | |
74091dd4 | 1492 | (ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 607.2 S .748 |
d233b485 CR |
1493 | (pands to a single w).15 F .748 |
1494 | (ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748 | |
1495 | (When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.091 | |
74091dd4 | 1496 | (sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 619.2 R 1.091 |
8868edaf | 1497 | (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.59(ord. That)-.1 F 1.09(is, ")3.59 F F1 |
74091dd4 | 1498 | ($@)A F0 3.59("i)C(s)-3.59 E(equi)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .412 |
8868edaf | 1499 | (lent to ").25 F F1($1)A F0 2.912("")C F1($2)-2.912 E F0 2.912(".)C |
d233b485 CR |
1500 | 2.912(.. If)-2.912 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 |
1501 | (xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 | |
1502 | (xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 | |
74091dd4 | 1503 | 643.2 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) |
8868edaf | 1504 | -.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F .771 |
74091dd4 | 1505 | (last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 655.2 |
8868edaf | 1506 | R 3.271(ord. When)-.1 F .772(there are no positional pa-)3.271 F |
74091dd4 | 1507 | (rameters, ")144 667.2 Q F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1($@)2.5 E F0 |
d233b485 | 1508 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) |
74091dd4 CR |
1509 | -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 679.2 Q F0 |
1510 | (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 679.2 Q | |
1511 | F1(?)108 691.2 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 691.2 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 1512 | (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
1513 | E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108 703.2 Q F0 .882 |
1514 | (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 703.2 | |
8868edaf | 1515 | R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G |
a0c0a00f | 1516 | .881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) |
74091dd4 CR |
1517 | 144 715.2 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
1518 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(10)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1519 | %%Page: 11 11 | |
1520 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1521 | BP | |
1522 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1523 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1524 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1525 | SF($)108 84 Q F0 .839 | |
1526 | (Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it e)144 84 R | |
1527 | .839(xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F | |
1528 | (shell, not the subshell.)144 96 Q F1(!)108 108 Q F0 .499(Expands to th\ | |
1529 | e process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, wheth\ | |
1530 | er e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E | |
1531 | (as an asynchronous command or using the)144 120 Q F1(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
1532 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 | |
1533 | E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(0)108 132 Q F0 .886 | |
1534 | (Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 132 R .886 | |
8868edaf | 1535 | (This is set at shell initialization.)5.886 F(If)5.887 E F1(bash)3.387 E |
74091dd4 | 1536 | F0 .887(is in-)3.387 F -.2(vo)144 144 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.668(dw).1 G .168 |
8868edaf CR |
1537 | (ith a \214le of commands,)-2.668 F F1($0)2.668 E F0 .167 |
1538 | (is set to the name of that \214le.)2.667 F(If)5.167 E F1(bash)2.667 E | |
1539 | F0 .167(is started with the)2.667 F F1<ad63>2.667 E F0(op-)2.667 E .895 | |
74091dd4 | 1540 | (tion, then)144 156 R F1($0)3.395 E F0 .895(is set to the \214rst ar) |
8868edaf CR |
1541 | 3.395 F .895(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .896 |
1542 | (cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.896 E(-)-.2 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
1543 | (wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 168 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
1544 | (ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H | |
1545 | 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F1(Shell V) | |
1546 | 87 184.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 196.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E | |
1547 | (ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1(_)108 213.6 Q F0 1.526 | |
1548 | (At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 213.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 | |
8868edaf | 1549 | G 1.725 -.1(ke t).2 H 1.525(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 |
74091dd4 | 1550 | (xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 225.6 R .173 |
8868edaf CR |
1551 | (vironment or ar)-.4 F .173(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.173 E |
1552 | 2.673(,e)-.65 G .173(xpands to the last ar)-2.823 F .174 | |
74091dd4 | 1553 | (gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 237.6 R -.15 |
8868edaf CR |
1554 | (xe)-.15 G .337(cuted in the fore).15 F .336(ground, after e)-.15 F |
1555 | 2.836(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .336(set to the full pathname)2.836 F .365 | |
74091dd4 | 1556 | (used to in)144 249.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .565 -.1(ke e).2 H .365 |
8868edaf CR |
1557 | (ach command e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .366(cuted and placed in the en).15 F |
1558 | .366(vironment e)-.4 F .366(xported to that command.)-.15 F(When checki\ | |
1559 | ng mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently bei\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
1560 | ng check)144 261.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH).3 E F0 |
1561 | (Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 273.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 | |
8868edaf | 1562 | -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 |
74091dd4 | 1563 | 285.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 297.6 S .049 |
8868edaf | 1564 | (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) |
0001803f | 1565 | 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 |
74091dd4 CR |
1566 | (gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.548 E F0 .115(option to the)144 309.6 R |
1567 | F1(shopt)2.616 E F0 -.2(bu)2.616 G .116(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .116 | |
8868edaf CR |
1568 | (SHELL B)2.616 F(UIL)-.09 E .116(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.366 E |
1569 | 2.616(w\). The)-.25 F .116(options ap-)2.616 F 1.067(pearing in)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1570 | 321.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.567 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 1.067(are those reported as) |
1571 | 3.317 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)3.797 E F0(by)3.807 E F1(shopt)3.567 | |
1572 | E F0 6.066(.I)C 3.566(ft)-6.066 G 1.066(his v)-3.566 F 1.066 | |
1573 | (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 333.6 Q F1(bash) | |
1574 | 3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ | |
1575 | d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 | |
1576 | F(This v)144 345.6 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1 -.3(BA)108 | |
1577 | 357.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 | |
1578 | 369.6 R F1(bash)2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187 | |
1579 | (fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F | |
1580 | .548(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 381.6 R F1(bash) | |
1581 | 3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 | |
1582 | F F2 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H | |
1583 | 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E | |
1584 | F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
1585 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) | |
1586 | -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 405.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 | |
1587 | 417.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ | |
1588 | embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 | |
1589 | (tained by the)144 429.6 R F1(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 | |
1590 | (iltin. Elements).2 F .16 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1591 | (added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 |
1592 | (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 | |
74091dd4 | 1593 | (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 441.6 R |
a0c0a00f | 1594 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) |
74091dd4 | 1595 | 9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 453.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1596 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
1597 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) | |
74091dd4 | 1598 | -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 477.6 R |
8868edaf | 1599 | .934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 |
ac50fbac | 1600 | (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1601 | F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 489.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F |
1602 | .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ | |
1603 | n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.) | |
1604 | 2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) | |
1605 | -2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 | |
8868edaf CR |
1606 | (When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 |
1607 | (cuted, the number of).15 F 1.265(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 | |
74091dd4 | 1608 | 513.6 R F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 |
8868edaf | 1609 | 1.265(The shell sets)5.765 F F2 -.27(BA)3.765 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 1.265 |
74091dd4 | 1610 | (only when in e)3.515 F(x-)-.15 E .947(tended deb)144 525.6 R .947 |
8868edaf CR |
1611 | (ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1(extdeb)3.447 E(ug)-.2 |
1612 | E F0 .947(option to the)3.447 F F1(shopt)3.447 E F0 -.2(bu)3.448 G .948 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1613 | (iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 537.6 Q F1(extdeb)3.363 E(ug) |
1614 | -.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1615 | .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862(ariable when)-.25 F | |
1616 | F1(extdeb)144 549.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 | |
1617 | (is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) | |
1618 | 108 561.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .206(An array v)144 573.6 R .206 | |
1619 | (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) | |
1620 | 2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .207(cution call stack.).15 F .207 | |
1621 | (The \214-)5.207 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\ | |
1622 | the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 585.6 R | |
1623 | 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 597.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) | |
8868edaf | 1624 | 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 |
74091dd4 CR |
1625 | (cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144 |
1626 | 609.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 .854(The shell sets)5.354 F F2 -.27(BA) | |
1627 | 3.354 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.104 F .853(xtended deb) | |
1628 | -.15 F .853(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .475(scription of the)144 | |
1629 | 621.6 R F1(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475(option to the)2.975 F F1 | |
1630 | (shopt)2.975 E F0 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975 | |
1631 | (w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476 | |
1632 | (after the shell has)2.976 F .45(started to e)144 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1633 | .45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F | |
1634 | F1(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F | |
1635 | (consistent v)144 645.6 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S(SH_ARGV0) | |
1636 | .3 E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 669.6 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F | |
1637 | .251(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 | |
1638 | F F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E .041 | |
1639 | (the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 681.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
8868edaf CR |
1640 | 2.541(\). Assignment).15 F(to)2.541 E F1 -.3(BA)2.541 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 |
1641 | .04(causes the v)2.541 F .04(alue as-)-.25 F .216 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1642 | (signed to also be assigned to)144 693.6 R F1($0)2.716 E F0 5.216(.I)C |
1643 | (f)-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216 | |
8868edaf | 1644 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
74091dd4 CR |
1645 | 2.716(ni).15 G(f)-2.716 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 705.6 Q |
1646 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(11)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1647 | %%Page: 12 12 | |
1648 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1649 | BP | |
1650 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1651 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1652 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1653 | SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 96 R .968 -.15 | |
1654 | (ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\ | |
1655 | the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the) | |
1656 | 144 108 R F1(hash)2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F | |
1657 | .196(added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E | |
1658 | -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently doe\ | |
1659 | s not cause command names to be remo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df) | |
1660 | .15 G .852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 132 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1661 | (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 |
1662 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
1663 | (ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 |
1664 | (The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 | |
8868edaf CR |
1665 | (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 |
1666 | (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F | |
1667 | .263(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1668 | 144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .262(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If) |
1669 | 144 180 Q F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
1670 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
1671 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1672 | -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 192 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar) |
1673 | 144 204 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
1674 | (cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 | |
1675 | (An array v)144 228 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ | |
1676 | n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 240 R | |
1677 | /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si) | |
1678 | .1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E | |
1679 | (ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 | |
1680 | (is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 252 R F1 | |
1681 | (${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 | |
1682 | E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G | |
1683 | 17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 264 Q(ASH_LINENO[) | |
1684 | -.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 | |
d233b485 | 1685 | (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 |
495aee44 | 1686 | (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
1687 | 276 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 288 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E |
1688 | -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 300 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ | |
a0c0a00f | 1689 | directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1690 | (uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 312 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) |
1691 | 2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 | |
1692 | 336 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 | |
d233b485 | 1693 | E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 |
74091dd4 | 1694 | (conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 348 R .007 |
d233b485 CR |
1695 | (element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 |
1696 | (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1697 | -.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 360 R(x)-.15 E |
1698 | F3(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F | |
1699 | F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 372 | |
1700 | Q F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 396 R .125(\ | |
1701 | ariable whose members are the source \214lenames where the correspondin\ | |
1702 | g shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 408 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) | |
1703 | -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 | |
1704 | (The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A | |
1705 | F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 420 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) | |
1706 | -.3 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) | |
1707 | -.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 432 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 | |
1708 | .296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 444 R | |
1709 | .296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1710 | (cuting).15 E 1.277(in that en)144 456 R 3.777(vironment. The)-.4 F | |
8868edaf CR |
1711 | 1.277(initial v)3.777 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA) |
1712 | 3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.276(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
1713 | (properties, e)144 468 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5 |
1714 | (ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 480 S | |
1715 | (SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644(Ar)144 492 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F | |
8868edaf CR |
1716 | .144(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 |
1717 | (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 | |
74091dd4 | 1718 | (.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 504 S |
d233b485 | 1719 | (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 |
74091dd4 | 1720 | (BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 522 Q |
8868edaf | 1721 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 |
74091dd4 | 1722 | (BA)144 534 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)264 534 Q |
8868edaf | 1723 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F3(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) |
74091dd4 CR |
1724 | 144 546 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)264 546 Q -.15 |
1725 | (ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 558 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A | |
1726 | F0(The b)264 558 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 570 S | |
1727 | (SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 570 Q | |
1728 | F3(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 | |
1729 | (])A F0(The v)264 582 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9 | |
1730 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 594 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 | |
1731 | (Expands to a string describing the v)144 606 Q | |
d233b485 | 1732 | (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 |
74091dd4 | 1733 | 618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 630 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E |
d233b485 | 1734 | F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 |
8868edaf | 1735 | (ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F |
74091dd4 | 1736 | (ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 |
d233b485 | 1737 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 |
8868edaf | 1738 | (db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1739 | 1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E |
1740 | F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 666 Q F0(The k)144 678 Q .3 | |
d233b485 CR |
1741 | -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 |
1742 | -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1743 | H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 |
1744 | (The current command line.)144 702 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 | |
d233b485 | 1745 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 |
8868edaf | 1746 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F |
74091dd4 | 1747 | 1.037(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.537(db).1 G 3.537 |
8868edaf CR |
1748 | (yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037 |
1749 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
1750 | F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
1751 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(12)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1752 | %%Page: 13 13 | |
1753 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1754 | BP | |
1755 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1756 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1757 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1758 | SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .667(The inde)144 96 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167 | |
1759 | (ft)-3.167 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15 | |
1760 | (ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 | |
1761 | (ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 | |
a0c0a00f | 1762 | (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
1763 | 108 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 |
1764 | (${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 5.705(.T)C .705(his v)-5.705 F .704 | |
8868edaf CR |
1765 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704 |
1766 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .704(xternal commands in-) | |
74091dd4 | 1767 | -.15 F -.2(vo)144 132 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
1768 | (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E |
1769 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 | |
74091dd4 | 1770 | 144 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 156 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ |
a0c0a00f | 1771 | esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) |
74091dd4 CR |
1772 | -.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 |
1773 | (TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 | |
1774 | (?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) | |
1775 | -2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 3.067(,f)C | |
1776 | .567(or listing alternati)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067 | |
1777 | (np)-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) | |
1778 | 3.067 E F0 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w) | |
1779 | -3.067 F .567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .418(modi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) | |
1780 | 2.918 E F0 2.918(,f)C .418(or menu completion.)-2.918 F .417(This v) | |
1781 | 5.417 F .417(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .417 | |
8868edaf | 1782 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704 |
74091dd4 | 1783 | (nal commands in)144 204 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204 |
8868edaf CR |
1784 | (yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704 |
1785 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
1786 | (tion)144 216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS) |
1787 | -.1 E F0 1.336(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 | |
8868edaf CR |
1788 | G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 |
1789 | (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) | |
74091dd4 | 1790 | 144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 |
8868edaf CR |
1791 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
1792 | 3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
1793 | (ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E |
1794 | F0 .654(An array v)144 288 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E | |
8868edaf | 1795 | F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) |
74091dd4 | 1796 | -.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.191(line. The)144 300 R |
8868edaf | 1797 | .692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.192 G |
74091dd4 | 1798 | (adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W) |
8868edaf | 1799 | 3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .692(as de-)2.942 F 1.558(scribed abo)144 |
74091dd4 | 1800 | 312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.558(.T).15 G 1.558(his v)-6.558 F 1.558 |
8868edaf CR |
1801 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558 |
1802 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.057 | |
1803 | (db).1 G 4.057(yt)-4.057 G 1.557(he programmable)-4.057 F(completion f) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1804 | 144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E |
1805 | F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) | |
1806 | 144 348 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E | |
495aee44 CR |
1807 | .169 |
1808 | (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1809 | -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) |
1810 | -.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) | |
1811 | -.9 G(K).55 E F0 .79(An array v)144 384 R .79(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
1812 | (Arrays)3.29 E F0(belo)3.289 E .789 | |
8868edaf | 1813 | (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-) |
74091dd4 | 1814 | 5.789 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R |
8868edaf CR |
1815 | 2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F1(dirs)2.599 E F0 -.2 |
1816 | (bu)2.599 G 2.599(iltin. Assigning).2 F .099(to mem-)2.599 F .84 | |
74091dd4 | 1817 | (bers of this array v)144 408 R .84 |
8868edaf | 1818 | (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 |
74091dd4 | 1819 | F .84(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)3.34 E F0(and)144 420 Q F1(popd)3.45 E F0 |
8868edaf CR |
1820 | -.2(bu)3.45 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15 |
1821 | (ve d)-.15 H 3.451(irectories. Assignment).15 F .951(to this v)3.451 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
1822 | .951(ariable will)-.25 F .379(not change the current directory)144 432 R |
1823 | 5.379(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.379 E F3(DIRST)2.879 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 | |
1824 | .378(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.629 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1825 | 2.878(ni).15 G 2.878(fi)-2.878 G 2.878(ti)-2.878 G(s)-2.878 E | |
1826 | (subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EPOCHREAL)108 456 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 | |
1827 | .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 468 R .338 | |
1828 | (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 | |
1829 | 480 Q F2(time)2.917 E F0 .417(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 | |
8868edaf | 1830 | (alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 |
74091dd4 CR |
1831 | (ssignments to)-5.416 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 492 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 |
1832 | 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
1833 | 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
1834 | 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)-3.591 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
1835 | (subsequently reset.)144 504 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 516 Q F0 .338 |
1836 | (Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 528 R .337 | |
d233b485 | 1837 | (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
1838 | 540 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 |
1839 | (EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 | |
8868edaf | 1840 | (EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F |
74091dd4 | 1841 | (loses its special properties, e)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G |
d233b485 | 1842 | 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 1843 | (EUID)108 564 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 564 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 |
d233b485 | 1844 | -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G |
8868edaf | 1845 | 1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 |
74091dd4 CR |
1846 | (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 576 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 588 Q(AME) |
1847 | -.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 600 R .479 | |
17345e5a | 1848 | (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) |
8868edaf | 1849 | -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 |
74091dd4 | 1850 | (The element with inde)144 612 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 |
8868edaf CR |
1851 | (he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 |
1852 | G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 | |
74091dd4 | 1853 | (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 624 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 |
8868edaf CR |
1854 | 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 |
1855 | (ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1856 | (tion is e)144 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) |
1857 | 2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H | |
1858 | 2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E | |
8868edaf | 1859 | (AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F |
74091dd4 | 1860 | (special properties, e)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 |
8868edaf | 1861 | G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 |
74091dd4 | 1862 | 666 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) |
a0c0a00f | 1863 | .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 |
74091dd4 | 1864 | (ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 678 S(ME).2 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1865 | 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) |
1866 | .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1867 | (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 690 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G |
1868 | 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A | |
a0c0a00f | 1869 | F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) |
74091dd4 CR |
1870 | -2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 |
1871 | (at line number)144 702 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 | |
8868edaf CR |
1872 | (]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G |
1873 | 1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
1874 | (this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) |
1875 | 135.955 E(13)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
1876 | %%Page: 14 14 | |
1877 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1878 | BP | |
1879 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1880 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1881 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1882 | SF(GR)108 84 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 96 R 1.228(ariable co\ | |
1883 | ntaining the list of groups of which the current user is a member)-.25 F | |
1884 | 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .572(ments to)144 108 R/F2 9 | |
1885 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 | |
1886 | H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F2(GR)3.072 E | |
1887 | (OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 | |
1888 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s) | |
1889 | -3.071 E(subsequently reset.)144 120 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 132 Q F0 2.81 | |
1890 | (The history number)144 144 R 5.31(,o)-.4 G 5.31(ri)-5.31 G(nde)-5.31 E | |
8868edaf CR |
1891 | 5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811 |
1892 | (he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.811(Assignments to) | |
74091dd4 | 1893 | 7.811 F F2(HISTCMD)144 156 Q F0 1.135(are ignored.)3.385 F(If)6.135 E F2 |
8868edaf CR |
1894 | (HISTCMD)3.635 E F0 1.135(is unset, it loses its special properties, e) |
1895 | 3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.634(ni).15 G 3.634(fi)-3.634 G 3.634(ti)-3.634 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1896 | G 3.634(ss)-3.634 G(ubse-)-3.634 E(quently reset.)144 168 Q F1(HOSTN)108 |
1897 | 180 Q(AME)-.2 E F0(Automatically set to the name of the current host.) | |
1898 | 144 192 Q F1(HOSTTYPE)108 204 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string t\ | |
1899 | hat uniquely describes the type of machine on which)144 216 R F1(bash) | |
8868edaf | 1900 | 2.723 E F0 .223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 |
74091dd4 | 1901 | 228 R(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 240 Q F0 |
8868edaf | 1902 | 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ |
74091dd4 CR |
1903 | ecimal number representing the)144 252 R .078(current sequential line n\ |
1904 | umber \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 264 R .079 | |
1905 | (When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 276 R .307 | |
a0c0a00f | 1906 | (alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E |
8868edaf | 1907 | F2(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1908 | (special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 |
1909 | G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 300 Q | |
d233b485 | 1910 | (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ |
74091dd4 CR |
1911 | es the system type on which)144 312 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 |
1912 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 324 Q/F3 10 | |
1913 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F | |
1914 | (def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 336 Q F0 .294 | |
1915 | (An array v)144 348 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 | |
d233b485 CR |
1916 | (belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 |
1917 | (xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 | |
74091dd4 CR |
1918 | (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 360 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 |
1919 | (OLDPWD)108 372 Q F0(The pre)144 384 Q(vious w)-.25 E | |
8868edaf | 1920 | (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 1921 | (OPT)108 396 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 408 R 1.627 |
8868edaf | 1922 | (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F |
74091dd4 CR |
1923 | F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 |
1924 | (SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 420 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) | |
1925 | 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 432 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 444 R 4.152 | |
1926 | (xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F | |
1927 | 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1928 | 4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 456 | |
1929 | S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 | |
1930 | 468 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ | |
1931 | g system on which)144 480 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) | |
1932 | -.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 492 Q(ault is system-dependent.) | |
1933 | -.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 504 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 | |
1934 | 516 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 | |
1935 | (w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 | |
1936 | (alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 528 Q -.15 | |
1937 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E | |
17345e5a | 1938 | (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 1939 | (PPID)108 540 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 540 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G |
17345e5a | 1940 | 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E |
74091dd4 | 1941 | F1(PWD)108 552 Q F0(The current w)144 552 Q |
17345e5a | 1942 | (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
1943 | (RANDOM)108 564 Q F0 .417(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) |
1944 | 144 576 R .417(xpands to a random inte)-.15 F .417 | |
1945 | (ger between 0 and 32767.)-.15 F(As-)5.417 E .551(signing a v)144 588 R | |
8868edaf CR |
1946 | .551(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)3.051 E F0 .551 |
1947 | (initializes \(seeds\) the sequence of random numbers.)2.801 F(If)5.55 E | |
1948 | F2(RANDOM)3.05 E F0(is)2.8 E(unset, it loses its special properties, e) | |
74091dd4 CR |
1949 | 144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 |
1950 | (ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(READLINE_ARGUMENT)108 612 Q F0 | |
1951 | (An)144 624 Q 4.694(yn)-.15 G 2.194(umeric ar)-4.694 F 2.194(gument gi) | |
1952 | -.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.694(nt).15 G 4.694(oar)-4.694 G 2.194 | |
1953 | (eadline command that w)-4.694 F 2.194(as de\214ned using)-.1 F/F4 10 | |
1954 | /Courier@0 SF 2.195(bind -x)4.695 F F0(\(see)4.695 E F2(SHELL B)144 636 | |
1955 | Q(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\) when it w)-.25 E | |
1956 | (as in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 648 Q | |
1957 | F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 660 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E | |
1958 | F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547 | |
1959 | (or use with)-4.047 F F4 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546 | |
1960 | (SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 672 Q F0 | |
1961 | (belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(READLINE_MARK)108 684 Q F0 .106 | |
1962 | (The position of the mark \(sa)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.606(di).15 G | |
1963 | .106(nsertion point\) in the)-2.606 F F1 -.18(re)2.607 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
1964 | .107(line b)2.607 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.607(,f)-.4 G .107(or use with) | |
1965 | -2.607 F F4 .107(bind -x)2.607 F F0(\(see)144 708 Q F2 1.017(SHELL B) | |
1966 | 3.517 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.017(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.267 E 3.516 | |
1967 | (w\). The)-.25 F 1.016(characters between the insertion point and the) | |
1968 | 3.516 F(mark are often called the)144 720 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E | |
1969 | F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(14)185.115 E 0 | |
1970 | Cg EP | |
1971 | %%Page: 15 15 | |
1972 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1973 | BP | |
1974 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1975 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1976 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1977 | SF(READLINE_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .313 | |
1978 | (The position of the insertion point in the)144 96 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G | |
495aee44 | 1979 | (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G |
74091dd4 CR |
1980 | .313(or use with)-2.813 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0 |
1981 | (\(see)2.814 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL) | |
1982 | .09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 120 Q | |
1983 | (Y)-.92 E F0(Set to the line of input read by the)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re) | |
1984 | 2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E | |
1985 | (guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 144 Q F0 .178 | |
1986 | (Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 156 R .177 | |
1987 | (xpands to the number of seconds since shell in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
1988 | (cation.).2 E .712(If a v)144 168 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F3 | |
1989 | (SECONDS)3.212 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712 | |
1990 | (alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .628 | |
1991 | (of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 180 R .627 | |
1992 | (alue assigned.)-.25 F .627(The number of seconds at shell in)5.627 F | |
1993 | -.2(vo)-.4 G(ca-).2 E .111(tion and the current time are al)144 192 R | |
1994 | -.1(wa)-.1 G .111(ys determined by querying the system clock.).1 F(If) | |
1995 | 5.112 E F3(SECONDS)2.612 E F0 .112(is un-)2.362 F | |
1996 | (set, it loses its special properties, e)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
8868edaf | 1997 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) |
74091dd4 CR |
1998 | -2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 216 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 228 S .763 |
1999 | (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) | |
495aee44 | 2000 | 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 |
74091dd4 CR |
2001 | (gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 240 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F |
2002 | F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 1.174 | |
2003 | (SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E | |
2004 | 3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 252 R F3 | |
2005 | (SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 | |
2006 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 | |
2007 | 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 | |
2008 | (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 264 Q F1(bash) | |
2009 | 3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ | |
2010 | d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 | |
2011 | F(This v)144 276 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 288 Q | |
2012 | (VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 300 Q F1 | |
2013 | (bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(SRANDOM)108 312 Q F0 .761(This v)144 | |
2014 | 324 R .761(ariable e)-.25 F .761(xpands to a 32-bit pseudo-random numbe\ | |
2015 | r each time it is referenced. The random)-.15 F .564 | |
2016 | (number generator is not linear on systems that support)144 336 R F2 | |
2017 | (/dev/urandom)3.065 E F0(or)3.065 E F5(ar)3.065 E(c4r)-.37 E(andom)-.15 | |
2018 | E F0 3.065(,s)C 3.065(oe)-3.065 G(ach)-3.065 E .788 | |
8868edaf | 2019 | (returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
2020 | 348 R .787(The random number generator)5.787 F .087 |
2021 | (cannot be seeded, so assignments to this v)144 360 R .087(ariable ha) | |
2022 | -.25 F .387 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.587(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.587 G 2.588 | |
2023 | (ect. If).25 F F3(SRANDOM)2.588 E F0 .088(is unset, it loses its)2.338 F | |
2024 | (special properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 | |
2025 | G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(UID)108 384 Q | |
2026 | F0(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 384 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G | |
17345e5a | 2027 | (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 |
74091dd4 | 2028 | E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 400.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 |
17345e5a | 2029 | (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
2030 | (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 |
2031 | (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 412.8 | |
2032 | Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 | |
2033 | .502(The v)144 441.6 R .502(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.002 | |
2034 | (sc)-.55 G .502(ompatibility le)-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(l. See).15 | |
2035 | F F3 .503(SHELL COMP)3.002 F -.855(AT)-.666 G .503(IBILITY MODE).855 F | |
2036 | F0(be-)2.753 E(lo)144 453.6 Q 2.663(wf)-.25 G .163 | |
2037 | (or a description of the v)-2.663 F .162(arious compatibility le)-.25 F | |
2038 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .162(ls and their ef).15 F 2.662(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 | |
2039 | (va)2.662 G .162(lue may be a dec-).25 F .33 | |
2040 | (imal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte)144 465.6 R .33 | |
8868edaf | 2041 | (ger \(e.g., 42\) corresponding to the desired compatibility le)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2042 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.83(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)144 477.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95 |
2043 | (AT)-.74 G F0 .861 | |
2044 | (is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility le)4.311 F -.15 | |
2045 | (ve)-.25 G 3.36(li).15 G 3.36(ss)-3.36 G .86(et to the def)-3.36 F(ault) | |
2046 | -.1 E .39(for the current v)144 489.6 R 2.89(ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3 | |
2047 | (BA)2.89 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 .39(is set to a v)3.84 F .39 | |
2048 | (alue that is not one of the v)-.25 F .39(alid compati-)-.25 F .278 | |
2049 | (bility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .278 | |
8868edaf | 2050 | (ls, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility le).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
2051 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.777(lt).15 G 2.777(ot)-2.777 G .277(he def)-2.777 F |
2052 | .277(ault for the)-.1 F 1.4(current v)144 513.6 R 3.9(ersion. The)-.15 F | |
2053 | -.25(va)3.901 G 1.401(lid v).25 F 1.401 | |
8868edaf | 2054 | (alues correspond to the compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.401 |
74091dd4 CR |
2055 | (ls described belo).15 F 3.901(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.901 E F3 .154 |
2056 | (SHELL COMP)144 525.6 R -.855(AT)-.666 G .154(IBILITY MODE).855 F F4(.)A | |
2057 | F0 -.15(Fo)4.654 G 2.654(re).15 G .154(xample, 4.2 and 42 are v)-2.804 F | |
2058 | .153(alid v)-.25 F .153(alues that correspond to the)-.25 F F1 .773 | |
2059 | (compat42 shopt)144 537.6 R F0 .774(option and set the compatibility le) | |
2060 | 3.273 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.274(lt).15 G 3.274(o4)-3.274 G 3.274(2. The) | |
2061 | -3.274 F .774(current v)3.274 F .774(ersion is also a v)-.15 F(alid)-.25 | |
2062 | E -.25(va)144 549.6 S(lue.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 | |
2063 | .506(If this parameter is set when)144 573.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506 | |
2064 | (is e)3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F | |
2065 | .505(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .39 | |
2066 | (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 585.6 R F5 | |
2067 | (~/.bashr)2.39 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.39(.T).31 G .39(he v)-5.39 F .391 | |
2068 | (alue of)-.25 F F3 -.27(BA)2.891 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .391(is subjected) | |
2069 | 2.641 F .525(to parameter e)144 597.6 R .525 | |
8868edaf | 2070 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 |
74091dd4 CR |
2071 | (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 609.6 Q |
2072 | F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 2073 | (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) |
74091dd4 CR |
2074 | 108 621.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 633.6 |
2075 | R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F | |
2076 | (,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 | |
2077 | F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 645.6 R F2 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 | |
2078 | (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 | |
2079 | (he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 657.6 S | |
2080 | (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F | |
2081 | 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G | |
2082 | (SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ | |
2083 | mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 | |
2084 | 669.6 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 | |
2085 | 681.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ | |
2086 | \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F | |
2087 | (standard error being closed.)144 693.6 Q F1(CDP)108 705.6 Q -.95(AT) | |
2088 | -.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 717.6 R F1(cd)3.748 | |
2089 | E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 | |
2090 | (is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 | |
2091 | (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 729.6 R | |
2092 | F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 | |
2093 | (alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(15) | |
2094 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2095 | %%Page: 16 16 | |
2096 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2097 | BP | |
2098 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2099 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2100 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF | |
2101 | (".:~:/usr")144 84 Q F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CHILD_MAX)108 96 Q F0 | |
2102 | .997(Set the number of e)144 108 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 F .997 | |
2103 | (alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 | |
2104 | (ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.497 E -.25(va)144 120 | |
2105 | S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 | |
2106 | (OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.078 | |
2107 | (alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 132 Q | |
8868edaf | 2108 | 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2109 | F2(COLUMNS)108 144 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 156 R F2(select)3.329 E F0 |
2110 | .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ | |
2111 | ection)3.329 F 3.466(lists. Automatically)144 168 R .966(set if the) | |
2112 | 3.466 F F2(checkwinsize)3.466 E F0 .966 | |
8868edaf | 2113 | (option is enabled or in an interacti)3.466 F 1.266 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
74091dd4 CR |
2114 | .966(hell upon re-).15 F(ceipt of a)144 180 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
2115 | (SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 192 Q(Y)-.92 E | |
2116 | F0 .848(An array v)144 204 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash) | |
2117 | 3.348 E F0 .848 | |
d233b485 | 2118 | (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2119 | (in)144 216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G |
2120 | .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F2 | |
d233b485 CR |
2121 | (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 |
2122 | (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2123 | 228 Q F2(EMA)108 240 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 252 Q F2(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 |
2124 | (\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 | |
2125 | (vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F1(t)2.535 E | |
2126 | F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F | |
2127 | (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 264 Q(uf)-.2 E | |
2128 | (fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 276 Q F0 .67 | |
2129 | (Expanded and e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .67(cuted similarly to).15 F F3 | |
2130 | -.27(BA)3.17 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0(\(see)2.92 E F2(INV)3.17 E(OCA)-.45 E | |
2131 | (TION)-.95 E F0(abo)3.171 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.171(\)w).15 G .671 | |
2132 | (hen an interacti)-3.171 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shell is in)144 288 Q -.2(vo) | |
2133 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
2134 | (posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE)108 300 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 312 S | |
2135 | .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F2 -.1(Pa) | |
2136 | 2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .216 | |
2137 | (e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 | |
2138 | (ignored by command search using)144 324 R F2 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E | |
2139 | F0 5.116(.F)C .117 | |
2140 | (iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 | |
2141 | (are not considered e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 | |
a0c0a00f | 2142 | (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
2143 | (xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 348 S(TH)-.21 E F0 |
2144 | 2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) | |
2145 | -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F0(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F0 | |
2146 | 2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F | |
2147 | (pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 | |
2148 | 360 R F2(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 | |
2149 | (ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 372 R | |
2150 | 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 | |
a0c0a00f | 2151 | (cutable bit set, b).15 F 1.37(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 |
d233b485 | 2152 | (cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2153 | (honors the setting of the)144 384 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) |
2154 | 2.5 E F2(FCEDIT)108 396 Q F0(The def)144 408 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E | |
2155 | F2(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F2(FIGNORE)108 420 Q F0 | |
2156 | 2.599(Ac)144 432 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E | |
2157 | .098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 | |
2158 | (READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 444 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 | |
2159 | (\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) | |
2160 | -.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 | |
2161 | (xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 456 Q 2.5(As)5 | |
2162 | G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F1(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F2(FUNCNEST)108 | |
2163 | 468 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 480 R .231 | |
8868edaf | 2164 | (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2165 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E |
2166 | (cations that e)144 492 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2167 | 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F2 | |
2168 | (GLOBIGNORE)108 504 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 516 S .423(olon-separated list of\ | |
8868edaf | 2169 | patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ |
74091dd4 CR |
2170 | e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 528 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 |
2171 | (le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 | |
2172 | (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 | |
2173 | (GLOBIGNORE)144 540 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) | |
2174 | .15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 552 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 | |
2175 | 2.653(Ac)144 564 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 | |
2176 | (alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 | |
2177 | F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) | |
2178 | -2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .49(of v)144 576 R .49(alues includes) | |
2179 | -.25 F F5(ignor)3 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49(ines which be) | |
2180 | -2.99 F .49(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.99 E F0 .49 | |
8868edaf | 2181 | (character are not sa)2.99 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G |
74091dd4 CR |
2182 | .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 588 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 |
2183 | (alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 | |
2184 | (causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 | |
2185 | (vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 | |
2186 | (Av)144 600 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F5(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 | |
2187 | .426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F5(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) | |
2188 | 2.926 E F5(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G | |
2189 | .425(lue of).25 F F5(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 | |
2190 | (all pre)144 612 R .698 | |
8868edaf | 2191 | (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
2192 | 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F |
2193 | (sa)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 | |
2194 | (alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 | |
2195 | (ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 | |
2196 | (is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 636 S .441(alid v) | |
2197 | -3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F | |
2198 | -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 | |
2199 | (he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 | |
2200 | (HISTIGNORE)144 648 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ | |
2201 | f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F | |
2202 | (tested, and are added to the history re)144 660 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G | |
2203 | (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) | |
2204 | A F2(HISTFILE)108 672 Q F0 .181 | |
2205 | (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 684 R -.15 | |
2206 | (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) | |
2207 | -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) | |
2208 | -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 696 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 | |
8868edaf | 2209 | (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
2210 | (dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
2211 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(16)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2212 | %%Page: 17 17 | |
2213 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2214 | BP | |
2215 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2216 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2217 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2218 | SF(HISTFILESIZE)108 84 Q F0 1.623 | |
2219 | (The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 96 R | |
2220 | 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 | |
2221 | 108 S .124(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F | |
2222 | 2.624(,t)-.65 G 2.624(oc)-2.624 G .125 | |
2223 | (ontain no more than that number of lines by re-)-2.624 F(mo)144 120 Q | |
2224 | .066(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .065(The history \214le is also tr\ | |
2225 | uncated to this size after writing it when a shell)5.066 F -.15(ex)144 | |
2226 | 132 S 2.927(its. If).15 F .427(the v)2.927 F .428 | |
2227 | (alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F .428 | |
2228 | (Non-numeric v)5.428 F .428(alues and numeric)-.25 F -.25(va)144 144 S | |
8868edaf CR |
2229 | .152(lues less than zero inhibit truncation.).25 F .152 |
2230 | (The shell sets the def)5.152 F .152(ault v)-.1 F .152(alue to the v) | |
74091dd4 CR |
2231 | -.25 F .151(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.651 E F0(after reading an)144 |
2232 | 156 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 168 Q F0 | |
2233 | 2.657(Ac)144 180 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ | |
2234 | which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G | |
2235 | 2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 192 R .708 | |
2236 | (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 | |
2237 | (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 | |
2238 | (\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 | |
2239 | (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 | |
2240 | (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
2241 | SF(HISTCONTR)144 216 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 | |
0001803f | 2242 | (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F |
74091dd4 | 2243 | F1(&)A F0(')A 1.44(matches the pre)144 228 R 1.44(vious history line.) |
8868edaf CR |
2244 | -.25 F(`)6.44 E F1(&)A F0 3.94('m)C 1.44 |
2245 | (ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is re-)-3.94 F(mo)144 | |
74091dd4 | 2246 | 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.95(db).15 G 1.45(efore attempting a match.)-3.95 |
8868edaf | 2247 | F 1.45(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)6.45 F |
74091dd4 | 2248 | 1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R |
8868edaf | 2249 | -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 |
74091dd4 CR |
2250 | (HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 |
2251 | (The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 | |
2252 | E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 | |
2253 | (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 | |
8868edaf | 2254 | R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) |
74091dd4 | 2255 | -.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S .412(lue is 0, commands are not sa) |
8868edaf | 2256 | .25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.913(di).15 G 2.913(nt)-2.913 G .413 |
74091dd4 CR |
2257 | (he history list.)-2.913 F .413(Numeric v)5.413 F .413 |
2258 | (alues less than zero result in e)-.25 F(v-)-.25 E .344 | |
2259 | (ery command being sa)144 312 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.844(do).15 G 2.844(nt) | |
2260 | -2.844 G .343(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.844 F .343 | |
2261 | (The shell sets the def)5.343 F .343(ault v)-.1 F .343(alue to)-.25 F | |
2262 | (500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1 | |
2263 | (HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 | |
2264 | (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 | |
2265 | (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
2266 | (strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 | |
2267 | (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 | |
2268 | R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) | |
2269 | 3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 | |
2270 | (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R | |
17345e5a | 2271 | 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 |
74091dd4 CR |
2272 | (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ |
2273 | character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q | |
2274 | F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 | |
2275 | (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) | |
8868edaf | 2276 | -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 |
74091dd4 | 2277 | (iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 420 S(lue of this v).25 E |
8868edaf | 2278 | (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
2279 | (HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 |
2280 | (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 | |
2281 | (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F | |
2282 | .551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 | |
8868edaf | 2283 | (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2284 | 1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 |
2285 | (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 | |
2286 | (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 | |
2287 | (adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) | |
2288 | -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 | |
2289 | .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 | |
2290 | (does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 | |
2291 | (attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 | |
2292 | (to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 | |
2293 | Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) | |
2294 | 2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 | |
2295 | (ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 | |
2296 | (ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 | |
2297 | F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 | |
2298 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E | |
2299 | (`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q | |
2300 | F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) | |
2301 | -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 | |
2302 | (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) | |
2303 | 144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 | |
8868edaf | 2304 | (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 |
74091dd4 CR |
2305 | (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 |
2306 | (on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G | |
8868edaf CR |
2307 | 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 |
2308 | (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 | |
74091dd4 | 2309 | (umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) |
8868edaf | 2310 | -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2311 | F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 |
2312 | (INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 .261(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) | |
2313 | 2.761 G(adline).18 E F0 .261(startup \214le, o)2.761 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
2314 | .26(rriding the def).15 F .26(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)4.426 E(c)-.37 | |
2315 | E F0(\(see)4.426 E F2(READLINE)2.76 E F0(be-)2.51 E(lo)144 624 Q(w\).) | |
2316 | -.25 E F1(INSIDE_EMA)108 636 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .033(If this v)144 648 R | |
2317 | .033(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .033 | |
2318 | (vironment when the shell starts,)-.4 F F1(bash)2.534 E F0 .034 | |
2319 | (assumes that it is running in-)2.534 F(side an Emacs shell b)144 660 Q | |
8868edaf | 2320 | (uf)-.2 E(fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2321 | (alue of)-.25 E F1(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LANG)108 672 Q F0 1.24 |
2322 | (Used to determine the locale cate)144 672 R 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F | |
2323 | 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 | |
ac50fbac | 2324 | (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2325 | (starting with)144 684 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 696 Q F0 .973 |
2326 | (This v)144 708 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 | |
2327 | (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) | |
8868edaf | 2328 | 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G |
74091dd4 CR |
2329 | .974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E |
2330 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2331 | %%Page: 18 18 | |
2332 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2333 | BP | |
2334 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2335 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2336 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2337 | SF(LC_COLLA)108 84 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 96 R .412(ariable det\ | |
8868edaf | 2338 | ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) |
74091dd4 CR |
2339 | -.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 108 R 1.464 |
2340 | (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
2341 | 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 | |
2342 | 120 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 132 Q F0 | |
2343 | 1.936(This v)144 144 R 1.936 | |
495aee44 | 2344 | (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2345 | 1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 156 Q |
2346 | (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 168 Q(GES)-.55 E | |
2347 | F0(This v)144 180 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ | |
ac50fbac | 2348 | ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) |
74091dd4 CR |
2349 | 108 192 Q F0(This v)144 204 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E |
2350 | (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 216 Q F0(This v) | |
2351 | 144 228 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E | |
2352 | (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 240 Q F0 | |
2353 | .054(Used by the)144 240 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ | |
2354 | o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 | |
2355 | (Automatically set if the)144 252 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 | |
2356 | (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 | |
2357 | (hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 264 Q/F3 | |
2358 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 276 Q F0 .421 | |
2359 | (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 276 | |
2360 | R F2(MAILP)2.922 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.672 G .422 | |
2361 | (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.922 E F0(in-)2.922 E | |
2362 | (forms the user of the arri)144 288 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 | |
495aee44 | 2363 | (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2364 | (-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 300 Q F0 .099 |
2365 | (Speci\214es ho)144 312 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) | |
2366 | -2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) | |
2367 | 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 | |
495aee44 | 2368 | (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ |
74091dd4 CR |
2369 | mpt.)144 324 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F |
2370 | (or set to a v)144 336 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ | |
2371 | l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 348 Q | |
2372 | -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 360 S .49 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2373 | (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 |
2374 | (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) | |
74091dd4 | 2375 | 144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ |
ac50fbac | 2376 | \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ |
74091dd4 | 2377 | with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 384 Q(xt of the message,) |
ac50fbac | 2378 | -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G |
74091dd4 CR |
2379 | (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 |
2380 | (MAILP)144 396 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) | |
ac50fbac | 2381 | -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H |
74091dd4 | 2382 | (ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 408 Q F0 .015 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2383 | (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 |
2384 | (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 | |
2385 | (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
2386 | ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 420 Q |
2387 | (ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 432 Q F0 .389 | |
2388 | (If set to the v)144 444 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 | |
2389 | (displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 | |
2390 | -.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 456 R(UIL) | |
2391 | -.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) | |
2392 | 5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 | |
2393 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 468 Q -.15(xe) | |
2394 | -.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 480 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 | |
2395 | (The search path for commands.)144 480 R .588 | |
17345e5a | 2396 | (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) |
74091dd4 CR |
2397 | 5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 492 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) |
2398 | 2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 | |
2399 | (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 504 S | |
2400 | .535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 | |
2401 | (indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 | |
2402 | (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) | |
2403 | -3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 516 R .868 | |
2404 | (The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) | |
2405 | -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 528 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C | |
2406 | (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF | |
8868edaf | 2407 | (/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)2.5 E(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin) |
74091dd4 CR |
2408 | 144 540 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 552 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v) |
2409 | 144 564 R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1 | |
2410 | (bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10 | |
2411 | /Times-Italic@0 SF .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 | |
2412 | F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 576 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E | |
8868edaf | 2413 | F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2414 | .011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 588 Q F1(bash) |
2415 | 4.498 E F0(enables)4.498 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C | |
2416 | 4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F4 1.997 | |
2417 | (set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.997(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) | |
2418 | .15 E(When the shell enters)144 600 Q F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C | |
d233b485 | 2419 | 2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2420 | (as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 612 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 .155 |
2421 | (If this v)144 624 R .155(ariable is set, and is an array)-.25 F 2.655 | |
8868edaf CR |
2422 | (,t)-.65 G .155(he v)-2.655 F .155(alue of each set element is e)-.25 F |
2423 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .155(cuted as a command prior).15 F .407 | |
74091dd4 | 2424 | (to issuing each primary prompt.)144 636 R .407(If this is set b)5.407 F |
8868edaf | 2425 | .407(ut not an array v)-.2 F .407(ariable, its v)-.25 F .407 |
74091dd4 CR |
2426 | (alue is used as a com-)-.25 F(mand to e)144 648 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
2427 | (cute instead.).15 E F1(PR)108 660 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 | |
2428 | (If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 672 R .676 | |
0001803f | 2429 | (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 |
74091dd4 | 2430 | (nents to retain when e)144 684 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 |
0001803f | 2431 | E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) |
ac50fbac | 2432 | 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2433 | (Characters remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G |
2434 | (re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 708 Q F0 1.174(The v) | |
2435 | 144 708 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) | |
8868edaf | 2436 | -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 |
a0c0a00f | 2437 | (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
74091dd4 CR |
2438 | (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q |
2439 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) | |
2440 | 135.955 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8868edaf CR |
2441 | %%Page: 19 19 |
2442 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2443 | BP | |
2444 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2445 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
2446 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
2447 | SF(PS1)108 84 Q F0 .065(The v)144 84 R .065(alue of this parameter is e) | |
2448 | -.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.565 E | |
2449 | (OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt) | |
2450 | -.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 96 R(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E | |
2451 | (`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 108 Q | |
2452 | F0 .117(The v)144 108 R .117(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117 | |
2453 | (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.617 E F0 .118 | |
2454 | (and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)5.118 E(def)144 | |
2455 | 120 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS3) | |
2456 | 108 132 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 132 R 1.115 | |
2457 | (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) | |
2458 | 3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) | |
2459 | 144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 156 Q F0 .1 | |
2460 | (The v)144 156 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 | |
2461 | (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 | |
2462 | (alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .335 | |
2463 | (displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F | |
2464 | .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 | |
2465 | (alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F | |
2466 | (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 180 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 | |
2467 | G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E | |
2468 | (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 | |
2469 | (SHELL)108 192 Q F0 .542(This v)144 204 R .542(ariable e)-.25 F .542 | |
2470 | (xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .543 | |
2471 | (If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.043 E F0 | |
2472 | (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 216 Q 2.5(sl) | |
2473 | -.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 228 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v) | |
2474 | 144 240 R .826 | |
2475 | (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F | |
2476 | 3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 | |
2477 | (pipelines pre\214x)144 252 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 | |
2478 | (reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F | |
2479 | (The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 | |
2480 | (an escape sequence that is e)144 264 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F | |
2481 | .711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F | |
2482 | (and their meanings are as follo)144 276 Q | |
2483 | (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 294 Q F0 2.5 | |
2484 | (Al)194 294 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 306 Q/F3 10 | |
2485 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 | |
2486 | 306 Q F1(%[)144 318 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 | |
2487 | (The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 318 Q F1(%[)144 330 Q | |
2488 | F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 | |
2489 | 330 Q F1(%P)144 342 Q F0 | |
2490 | (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 342 Q .87 | |
2491 | (The optional)144 358.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) | |
2492 | 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 | |
2493 | (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) | |
2494 | 144 370.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 | |
2495 | (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 | |
2496 | (At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 | |
2497 | (decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 382.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 | |
2498 | (p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E | |
2499 | F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 394.8 Q | |
2500 | (alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 411.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 | |
2501 | .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F | |
2502 | F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) | |
2503 | 3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 423.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 | |
2504 | (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 | |
2505 | (If this v)144 440.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 | |
2506 | E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) | |
2507 | 144 452.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2508 | (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 |
2509 | (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 | |
74091dd4 | 2510 | 464.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E |
d233b485 | 2511 | (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
2512 | 476.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 488.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) |
2513 | -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 | |
2514 | (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 | |
2515 | G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 500.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 | |
2516 | (command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H | |
2517 | (fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F | |
2518 | .885(ing from a terminal.)144 512.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 | |
2519 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 | |
2520 | (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 524.4 | |
d233b485 CR |
2521 | S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 |
2522 | (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2523 | F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 536.4 |
2524 | Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 548.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 560.4 | |
2525 | R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 | |
2526 | (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 | |
2527 | (creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 572.4 Q 2.5(su) | |
2528 | -.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 584.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 | |
2529 | 596.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 | |
2530 | (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 | |
2531 | (If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 608.4 R | |
17345e5a | 2532 | .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ |
74091dd4 CR |
2533 | for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 620.4 S .367(isting stopped job) |
2534 | .15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 | |
2535 | (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F | |
2536 | 1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 | |
2537 | 632.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) | |
2538 | 3.805 F(conte)144 644.4 Q 1.133 | |
17345e5a | 2539 | (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) |
74091dd4 CR |
2540 | 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 |
2541 | (he string supplied must)-3.632 F .605 | |
2542 | (match the name of a stopped job e)144 656.4 R .606(xactly; if set to) | |
2543 | -.15 F F3(substring)3.446 E F0 3.106(,t).22 G .606 | |
2544 | (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.106 F .885 | |
2545 | (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 668.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) | |
2546 | -5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 | |
2547 | (vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 680.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E | |
2548 | F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 | |
d233b485 | 2549 | E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) |
74091dd4 CR |
2550 | -.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 |
2551 | (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 692.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 | |
2552 | (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F | |
2553 | F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55 | |
2554 | E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(19)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2555 | %%Page: 20 20 | |
2556 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2557 | BP | |
2558 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2559 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2560 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2561 | SF(histchars)108 84 Q F0 .545(The tw)144 96 R 3.045(oo)-.1 G 3.045(rt) | |
2562 | -3.045 G .545(hree characters which control history e)-3.045 F .546 | |
2563 | (xpansion and tok)-.15 F .546(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
2564 | (HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E 2.796(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.796 E -.666(PA)144 108 S | |
2565 | (NSION).666 E F0(belo)2.988 E 3.238(w\). The)-.25 F .738 | |
2566 | (\214rst character is the)3.238 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .737 | |
2567 | (history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.237 E 3.237(,t)-.4 G | |
2568 | .737(he character which sig-)-3.237 F .76(nals the start of a history e) | |
2569 | 144 120 R .761(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.261('. The)B .761 | |
2570 | (second character is the)3.261 F F3(quic)3.261 E 3.261(ks)-.2 G | |
2571 | (ubstitution)-3.261 E F0(character)144 132 Q 3.477(,w)-.4 G .977 | |
2572 | (hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.477 F .976 | |
2573 | (vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .13 | |
2574 | (one string for another in the command.)144 144 R .131(The def)5.13 F | |
2575 | .131(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.631('. The)B .131 | |
2576 | (optional third character is the char)2.631 F(-)-.2 E .276(acter which \ | |
2577 | indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the\ | |
2578 | \214rst character)144 156 R .459(of a w)144 168 R .459(ord, normally `) | |
2579 | -.1 F F1(#)A F0 2.959('. The)B .459 | |
8868edaf | 2580 | (history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped) |
74091dd4 CR |
2581 | 2.959 F .467(for the remaining w)144 180 R .467(ords on the line.)-.1 F |
2582 | .466(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest) | |
2583 | 5.467 F(of the line as a comment.)144 192 Q F1(Arrays)87 208.8 Q(Bash) | |
2584 | 108 220.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) | |
2585 | -.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H | |
2586 | .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 | |
2587 | (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2588 | 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 | |
2589 | (bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 | |
2590 | F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F | |
2591 | .328(an array)108 244.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) | |
2592 | -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2593 | 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F | |
2594 | 5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 | |
2595 | (rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 256.8 R | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2596 | 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 |
2597 | (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 | |
2598 | H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 | |
74091dd4 | 2599 | 268.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G |
a0c0a00f | 2600 | (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
2601 | (ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 285.6 R -.15(xe) |
2602 | -.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F | |
2603 | 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F | |
2604 | F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 297.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A | |
2605 | F0 5.507(.T)C(he)-5.507 E F3(subscript)3.347 E F0 .507 | |
8868edaf | 2606 | (is treated as an arithmetic e)3.687 F .507(xpression that must e)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2607 | -.25(va)-.25 G .507(luate to a number).25 F 5.506(.T)-.55 G 3.006(oe) |
2608 | -6.306 G(x-)-3.156 E 1.192(plicitly declare an inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe) | |
2609 | -.15 G 3.692(da).15 G(rray)-3.692 E 3.692(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.692 E F1 | |
2610 | (declar)3.692 E 3.693<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.693 E F3(name)3.693 E F0(\(see) | |
2611 | 3.693 E F2 1.193(SHELL B)3.693 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.193(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F | |
2612 | F0(belo)3.443 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(de-)6.193 E(clar)108 321.6 Q 2.5<65ad> | |
2613 | -.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0 | |
2614 | (is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E | |
2615 | (Associati)108 338.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E | |
2616 | F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 | |
2617 | 355.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 | |
2618 | (ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 | |
2619 | -.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F | |
2620 | (attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 367.2 Q | |
8868edaf | 2621 | (.)-.65 E 1.647 |
74091dd4 CR |
2622 | (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 384 R |
2623 | F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 | |
2624 | (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) | |
2625 | -4.148 F F3(value)108 396 Q F0 .212(may be of the form [)2.712 F F3 | |
2626 | (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 5.211(.I)C(nde)-5.211 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2627 | G 2.711(da).15 G .211(rray assignments do not require an)-2.711 F .211 | |
2628 | (ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)2.711 E F0(.)A(Each)108 408 Q F3 | |
2629 | (value)2.529 E F0 .029(in the list is e)2.529 F .029 | |
8868edaf | 2630 | (xpanded using all the shell e)-.15 F .029(xpansions described belo)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
2631 | F 2.529(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.529 E F2(EXP)2.529 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9 |
2632 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(When)4.53 E .996(assigning to inde)108 420 R | |
2633 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.496(da).15 G .996(rrays, if the optional brack)-3.496 F | |
2634 | .996(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 3.495(xi)-.15 G | |
2635 | 3.495(sa)-3.495 G .995(ssigned to;)-3.495 F .416(otherwise the inde)108 | |
2636 | 432 R 2.916(xo)-.15 G 2.916(ft)-2.916 G .417 | |
2637 | (he element assigned is the last inde)-2.916 F 2.917(xa)-.15 G .417 | |
2638 | (ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-2.917 F(Inde)5.417 E(x-)-.15 E | |
2639 | (ing starts at zero.)108 444 Q 1.288(When assigning to an associati)108 | |
2640 | 460.8 R 1.588 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.788(,t)-.65 G 1.288(he w) | |
8868edaf CR |
2641 | -3.788 F 1.288(ords in a compound assignment may be either assignment) |
2642 | -.1 F .608 | |
2643 | (statements, for which the subscript is required, or a list of w)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2644 | 472.8 R .608(ords that is interpreted as a sequence of alter)-.1 F(-)-.2 |
2645 | E 1.957(nating k)108 484.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.457(sa).15 G 1.957(nd v) | |
2646 | -4.457 F(alues:)-.25 E F3(name)4.457 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F3 -.1(ke)4.457 G | |
2647 | 1.957(y1 value1 k)-.2 F -.3(ey)-.1 G 4.457(2v).3 G(alue2)-4.457 E F0 | |
2648 | (...)4.457 E F1(\))A F0 6.957(.T)C 1.956 | |
2649 | (hese are treated identically to)-6.957 F F3(name)4.456 E F0(=)A F1(\()A | |
2650 | F0([)108 496.8 Q F3 -.1(ke)C(y1)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value1)A F0([)3.132 E | |
2651 | F3 -.1(ke)C(y2)-.2 E F0(]=)A F3(value2)A F0(...)3.132 E F1(\))A F0 5.632 | |
2652 | (.T)C .632(he \214rst w)-5.632 F .633(ord in the list determines ho)-.1 | |
2653 | F 3.133(wt)-.25 G .633(he remaining w)-3.133 F .633(ords are inter)-.1 F | |
2654 | (-)-.2 E .154 | |
2655 | (preted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type.)108 508.8 R | |
2656 | .153(When using k)5.153 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(/v).15 E .153(alue pairs, the k) | |
2657 | -.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.653(sm).15 G .153(ay not be)-2.653 F | |
2658 | (missing or empty; a \214nal missing v)108 520.8 Q(alue is treated lik) | |
2659 | -.25 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he empty string.)-2.5 E .239 | |
2660 | (This syntax is also accepted by the)108 537.6 R F1(declar)2.739 E(e) | |
2661 | -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 | |
2662 | (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 | |
2663 | 549.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 | |
2664 | (syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 | |
ac50fbac | 2665 | (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) |
74091dd4 CR |
2666 | -4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) |
2667 | 4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 561.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 | |
2668 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 | |
2669 | (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H | |
2670 | 2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E | |
2671 | (of)108 573.6 Q F3(name)2.677 E F0 2.677(,s)C 2.677(on)-2.677 G -2.25 | |
2672 | -.15(eg a)-2.677 H(ti).15 E .477 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .177 | |
8868edaf | 2673 | (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 2.677(,a)-.65 G .177 |
74091dd4 CR |
2674 | (nd an inde)-2.677 F 2.676(xo)-.15 G 2.676<66ad>-2.676 G 2.676(1r)-2.676 |
2675 | G .176(eferences the last el-)-2.676 F(ement.)108 585.6 Q .716 | |
2676 | (The += operator will append to an array v)108 602.4 R .717 | |
2677 | (ariable when assigning using the compound assignment syntax;)-.25 F | |
2678 | (see)108 614.4 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(abo)2.25 E -.15 | |
2679 | (ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 631.2 Q 3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076 | |
2680 | (lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A | |
2681 | F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075(braces are required to a)3.575 F | |
2682 | -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541(con\215icts with pathname e)108 643.2 R 4.041 | |
2683 | (xpansion. If)-.15 F F3(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 | |
2684 | (or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) | |
2685 | -.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 | |
2686 | (These subscripts dif)108 655.2 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 | |
8868edaf | 2687 | (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 |
74091dd4 | 2688 | (ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 667.2 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B |
8868edaf | 2689 | .52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 |
17345e5a | 2690 | (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
2691 | 1.375(of the)108 679.2 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 |
2692 | (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 | |
2693 | (xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) | |
2694 | 3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 | |
2695 | 691.2 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F | |
2696 | 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 | |
2697 | (within a w)108 703.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 | |
17345e5a | 2698 | (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 |
8868edaf | 2699 | (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 |
74091dd4 | 2700 | 715.2 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ |
8868edaf | 2701 | t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 |
74091dd4 CR |
2702 | F .228(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 |
2703 | F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 | |
8868edaf | 2704 | (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 |
74091dd4 CR |
2705 | (\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 |
2706 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(20)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2707 | %%Page: 21 21 | |
2708 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2709 | BP | |
2710 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2711 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2712 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S | |
2713 | .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 | |
2714 | ([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E | |
2715 | /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t) | |
2716 | C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295 | |
2717 | (ments in the array)108 96 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 | |
2718 | E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde) | |
2719 | 3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
2720 | G .294(luates to a number).25 F .628 | |
2721 | (less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .928 -.15(ve t) | |
8868edaf CR |
2722 | -.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F |
2723 | 3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G | |
2724 | 3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
74091dd4 | 2725 | (indices count back from the end of the array)108 120 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
2726 | (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G |
2727 | (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 | |
74091dd4 | 2728 | 136.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G |
a0c0a00f | 2729 | .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) |
74091dd4 | 2730 | 108 148.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 |
8868edaf | 2731 | E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2732 | F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 165.6 |
2733 | Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E | |
a0c0a00f | 2734 | 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E |
74091dd4 | 2735 | .417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() |
8868edaf CR |
2736 | .15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 |
2737 | (alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 | |
74091dd4 | 2738 | (!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .75 |
8868edaf CR |
2739 | (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) |
2740 | 3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 | |
a0c0a00f | 2741 | (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
2742 | 206.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 |
2743 | E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 223.2 Q F2(unset) | |
8868edaf CR |
2744 | 2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 |
2745 | G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A | |
ac50fbac | 2746 | F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) |
74091dd4 | 2747 | -.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 |
8868edaf CR |
2748 | (or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) |
2749 | -2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) | |
2750 | .05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2751 | 2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204 | |
74091dd4 | 2752 | (scribed abo)108 247.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 |
8868edaf CR |
2753 | (nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 |
2754 | (ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.205 E F1 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2755 | (name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 259.2 Q F1(name)3.413 E F0 .913 |
2756 | (is an array)3.413 F 3.413(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.413 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.413 | |
2757 | (st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.413 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F1 | |
2758 | (name)3.412 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 .912(], where)B F1(subscript) | |
2759 | 3.412 E F0(is)3.412 E F2(*)3.412 E F0(or)3.412 E F2(@)3.412 E F0 3.412 | |
2760 | (,b)C(e-)-3.412 E(ha)108 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.125(sd).15 G(if)-3.125 | |
2761 | E .625(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F1(name)3.125 E F0 .626 | |
2762 | (is an inde)3.125 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G | |
2763 | (ssociati)-3.126 E .926 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.626(.I)-.65 G(f) | |
2764 | -5.626 E F1(name)3.126 E F0 .626(is an associati)3.126 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2765 | (array)108 283.2 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 | |
2766 | (his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F0(or)3.067 | |
2767 | E F2(@)3.067 E F0 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F1(name)3.067 E F0 .567 | |
2768 | (is an inde)3.067 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.067(da).15 G(rray)-3.067 E 3.067 | |
2769 | (,u)-.65 G .567(nset remo)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.067(sa).15 G .567 | |
2770 | (ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 295.2 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 | |
2771 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .028(When using a v)108 312 R | |
2772 | .028(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .029 | |
2773 | (gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.529 E F0 2.529(,w)C | |
2774 | .029(ithout us-)-2.529 F .938(ing the w)108 324 R .938(ord e)-.1 F .938 | |
2775 | (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937 | |
2776 | (he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 | |
2777 | (xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 336 Q | |
d233b485 | 2778 | (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E |
74091dd4 CR |
2779 | (The)108 352.8 Q F2(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.683 E F0 |
2780 | 2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F2 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G | |
8868edaf | 2781 | .184(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>2.684 E F0 .184 |
74091dd4 CR |
2782 | (option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 |
2783 | (rray and a)-2.684 F F2<ad41>2.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 | |
2784 | (tion to specify an associati)108 364.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 | |
8868edaf CR |
2785 | E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) |
2786 | -2.541 F F2<ad41>2.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) | |
74091dd4 CR |
2787 | 5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 |
2788 | F .863(cepts a)108 376.8 R F2<ad61>3.363 E F0 .864 | |
2789 | (option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 | |
2790 | (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) | |
2791 | -5.864 E F2(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F2(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 | |
2792 | (bu)108 388.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E | |
2793 | (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 | |
2794 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 405.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ | |
2795 | rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 417.6 R 3.26 | |
495aee44 | 2796 | (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 |
74091dd4 | 2797 | (inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) |
8868edaf CR |
2798 | 2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) |
2799 | 2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2800 | (ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201 |
2801 | (command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 441.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) | |
8868edaf CR |
2802 | 2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) |
2803 | -2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
2804 | (.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 458.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 |
2805 | F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F | |
2806 | .418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 | |
2807 | S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 | |
2808 | F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) | |
2809 | -.15 E(sion.)108 482.4 Q .257 | |
2810 | (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 499.2 R | |
2811 | .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 | |
2812 | (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 | |
2813 | E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 511.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G | |
ac50fbac | 2814 | (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) |
74091dd4 | 2815 | -.15 E .002(After these e)108 528 R .003 |
a0c0a00f | 2816 | (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) |
74091dd4 CR |
2817 | -.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 |
2818 | (nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 540 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H | |
8868edaf | 2819 | (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 |
74091dd4 | 2820 | E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 556.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 |
8868edaf | 2821 | (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 |
74091dd4 CR |
2822 | (xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F |
2823 | (x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 568.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F | |
8868edaf CR |
2824 | .776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 |
2825 | (ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) | |
74091dd4 CR |
2826 | -.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 580.8 R F2($@)A F0 3.196("a)C |
2827 | .696(nd ")-3.196 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696 | |
2828 | (", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E F1 | |
2829 | (name)A F2([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 | |
2830 | -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 | |
2831 | E(RAMETERS)108 592.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 | |
2832 | 609.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 621.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 | |
17345e5a | 2833 | (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F |
74091dd4 | 2834 | .606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 633.6 Q F1 .415 |
8868edaf | 2835 | (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 |
17345e5a JA |
2836 | (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F |
2837 | .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G | |
74091dd4 | 2838 | (he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 645.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) |
8868edaf | 2839 | -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 |
17345e5a | 2840 | (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
2841 | F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 657.6 R |
2842 | .489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G | |
2843 | .489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 | |
2844 | (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ | |
2845 | ch resulting string, e)108 669.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) | |
2846 | 108 681.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 698.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 | |
2847 | F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 | |
d233b485 | 2848 | (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) |
74091dd4 CR |
2849 | 108 710.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 |
2850 | (d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.148(As) | |
2851 | 108 727.2 S .648(equence e)-3.148 F .648(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 | |
2852 | (es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.149 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A | |
2853 | F2(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F1(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F1(y) | |
2854 | 3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649 | |
2855 | (gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
2856 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2857 | %%Page: 22 22 | |
2858 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2859 | BP | |
2860 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2861 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2862 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 | |
2863 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(incr)108 84 Q F0 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115 | |
2864 | (ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115 | |
2865 | (hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .115 | |
2866 | (xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.013(ber between) | |
2867 | 108 96 R F1(x)3.513 E F0(and)3.513 E F1(y)3.513 E F0 3.513(,i)C(nclusi) | |
2868 | -3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013 | |
2869 | (gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)3.513 E F0 1.013 | |
2870 | (to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.314 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 | |
2871 | (same width.)108 108 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 | |
2872 | E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ | |
2873 | to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.13 | |
2874 | (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 120 R 6.131 | |
2875 | (.W)-.65 G 1.131(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.131 | |
2876 | (xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .485(pands to each character le)108 132 R | |
2877 | .485(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.985 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) | |
2878 | 2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .484 | |
2879 | (sing the def)-2.984 F .484(ault C locale.)-.1 F .484(Note that)5.484 F | |
2880 | (both)108 144 Q F1(x)2.966 E F0(and)2.966 E F1(y)2.966 E F0 .467 | |
2881 | (must be of the same type \(inte)2.966 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F | |
2882 | .467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108 | |
2883 | 156 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E | |
2884 | (ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 | |
2885 | 172.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 | |
2886 | (ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 | |
2887 | (haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 | |
2888 | (are preserv)108 184.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 | |
2889 | (It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) | |
2890 | 5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 | |
2891 | (yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 196.8 Q | |
0001803f | 2892 | (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) |
74091dd4 | 2893 | -.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 213.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\ |
8868edaf | 2894 | xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ |
74091dd4 | 2895 | one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 225.6 R .458 |
8868edaf | 2896 | (alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 |
74091dd4 CR |
2897 | (ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.) |
2898 | -.15 F(A)108 237.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 | |
2899 | (may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 | |
2900 | (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 | |
2901 | F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 | |
2902 | (con\215icts with parameter e)108 249.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 | |
8868edaf | 2903 | F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F |
74091dd4 | 2904 | .172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 261.6 Q |
8868edaf | 2905 | (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ |
d233b485 | 2906 | ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ |
74091dd4 | 2907 | gs to be generated is)108 278.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 290.4 Q .3 |
d233b485 | 2908 | -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
2909 | 307.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 319.2 Q(cho)144 |
2910 | 331.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 | |
2911 | E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 348 R .618 | |
17345e5a | 2912 | (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F |
8868edaf | 2913 | .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 |
74091dd4 CR |
2914 | (does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 |
2915 | (ing or closing braces specially when the)108 360 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 | |
2916 | (ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 | |
2917 | (es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 372 Q -.15 | |
17345e5a JA |
2918 | (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 |
2919 | (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 | |
8868edaf | 2920 | (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) |
74091dd4 CR |
2921 | 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 384 Q F0 .515 |
2922 | (appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 | |
2923 | (ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) | |
2924 | 3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 | |
2925 | (If strict compatibility with)108 396 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 | |
8868edaf | 2926 | (is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 |
74091dd4 CR |
2927 | (+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 |
2928 | (xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 408 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) | |
2929 | 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 | |
2930 | E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 424.8 S | |
2931 | (lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 436.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F | |
2932 | 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 | |
d233b485 CR |
2933 | ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ |
2934 | \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) | |
74091dd4 CR |
2935 | 108 448.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) |
2936 | -5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ | |
2937 | are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 460.8 R .725 | |
2938 | (wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 472.8 Q .522 | |
2939 | (gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 | |
17345e5a | 2940 | (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) |
74091dd4 CR |
2941 | -3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 484.8 Q/F4 |
2942 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 | |
2943 | (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 | |
2944 | (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ | |
2945 | ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ | |
2946 | with the speci\214ed login name.)108 496.8 Q .092 | |
2947 | (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 513.6 R .092 | |
2948 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 | |
2949 | (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) | |
2950 | 5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 525.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 | |
2951 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 | |
2952 | .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) | |
2953 | 5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F .879 | |
2954 | (tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 537.6 R F1(N)3.379 | |
2955 | E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x)-3.379 F .88 | |
2956 | (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ | |
2957 | with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 | |
2958 | 549.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
2959 | 2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G | |
2960 | .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F | |
2961 | .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 | |
2962 | (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F | |
2963 | (of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 573.6 | |
2964 | Q(If the login name is in)108 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) | |
2965 | .25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 | |
2966 | (Each v)108 607.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 | |
2967 | (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F | |
2968 | .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) | |
2969 | 2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 619.2 R | |
2970 | .467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) | |
2971 | -.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F | |
2972 | (ments to)108 631.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 | |
2973 | E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) | |
2974 | -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) | |
2975 | -.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 648 R .024 | |
2976 | (xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F | |
2977 | .023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 660 Q .769 -.15 | |
2978 | (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 | |
2979 | .469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 | |
2980 | (guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F | |
2981 | -.15(ex)108 672 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 | |
2982 | (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 | |
2983 | (posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 | |
2984 | .2(The `)108 700.8 R F2($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 | |
2985 | (haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 | |
2986 | (xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 | |
2987 | (xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) | |
2988 | 108 712.8 R .314 | |
2989 | (xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 | |
2990 | (ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415 | |
2991 | (the v)108 724.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 | |
2992 | (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 | |
2993 | (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 | |
2994 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
2995 | %%Page: 23 23 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2996 | %%BeginPageSetup |
2997 | BP | |
2998 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2999 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3000 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the name.)108 84 Q |
3001 | 1.189(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) | |
3002 | 108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19 | |
3003 | (ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.69 F .822 | |
3004 | (quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R .821 | |
8868edaf | 3005 | (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
3006 | (pansion.)108 124.8 Q(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A |
3007 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 153.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) | |
3008 | 2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 | |
3009 | (The braces are required when)5.106 F F2(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3010 | .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 | |
3011 | (rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)3.861 E | |
3012 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 | |
8868edaf | 3013 | (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 |
74091dd4 | 3014 | (interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)5.208 E F2(par)2.708 E |
8868edaf | 3015 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3016 | -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 189.6 Q F0 2.5 |
3017 | (\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A | |
3018 | F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E | |
8868edaf | 3019 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3020 | F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) |
3021 | 2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G | |
3022 | (ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906 | |
3023 | (lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 | |
8868edaf | 3024 | (uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 |
74091dd4 CR |
3025 | (xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F2(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 |
3026 | (as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 230.4 Q | |
3027 | F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079(xpanded and that v)-.15 F | |
3028 | .079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .078 | |
3029 | (xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F | |
3030 | (original)108 242.4 Q F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 | |
3031 | (his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 | |
3032 | F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 | |
3033 | (alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 | |
3034 | (ex)108 254.4 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 | |
3035 | F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 | |
3036 | (is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 | |
3037 | (name of the parameter referenced by)108 266.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) | |
8868edaf | 3038 | -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3039 | (xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 278.4 R .387 |
3040 | (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A | |
3041 | F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 | |
3042 | (name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H | |
3043 | .387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 | |
3044 | 290.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) | |
3045 | -2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 307.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) | |
8868edaf CR |
3046 | 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 |
3047 | (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3048 | F(and arithmetic e)108 319.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 |
3049 | (When not performing substring e)108 336 R .067 | |
8868edaf | 3050 | (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G |
74091dd4 CR |
3051 | (e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 |
3052 | (tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 348 Q(Omitt\ | |
d233b485 | 3053 | ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
3054 | (${)108 364.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) |
3055 | A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 376.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 | |
3056 | E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F | |
3057 | .723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) | |
3058 | 3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 388.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 | |
3059 | (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 400.8 Q F2 | |
3060 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .812 | |
3061 | (Assign Default V)144 412.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F2 | |
8868edaf | 3062 | (par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 |
74091dd4 CR |
3063 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 |
3064 | F F2(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 424.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 | |
3065 | (he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 | |
3066 | (is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 | |
8868edaf | 3067 | (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3068 | (ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 436.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) |
3069 | 108 448.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 | |
3070 | .535(Display Err)144 460.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 | |
3071 | (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 | |
3072 | (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E | |
3073 | (d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 472.8 R | |
3074 | .012(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ | |
3075 | written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F | |
3076 | (teracti)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) | |
3077 | -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3078 | (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 | |
3079 | (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 508.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F | |
3080 | (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 3081 | .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3082 | (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 520.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 |
3083 | (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 | |
3084 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 | |
3085 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) | |
3086 | 144 556.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 | |
3087 | E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E | |
3088 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .004 | |
3089 | (character speci\214ed by)144 568.8 R F2(of)2.504 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.003 | |
3090 | (.I)C(f)-5.003 E F2(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.503 E F1(@)2.503 E | |
3091 | F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E | |
3092 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F1(@) | |
3093 | 2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,o)C 2.503(ra)-2.503 G(n) | |
3094 | -2.503 E(associati)144 580.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 | |
3095 | (rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F | |
3096 | 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length)3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e) | |
3097 | 3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 592.8 R | |
3098 | .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 | |
3099 | (starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F2(of)2.542 E(fset) | |
3100 | -.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 | |
3101 | (end of the v)144 604.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E | |
3102 | F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 | |
3103 | (xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F | |
3104 | (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 616.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E | |
3105 | (If)144 640.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 | |
8868edaf | 3106 | (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 |
ac50fbac | 3107 | (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3108 | .045(end of the v)144 652.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) |
3109 | -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G | |
ac50fbac | 3110 | .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3111 | (of)144 664.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F |
3112 | .202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 | |
3113 | (rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 676.8 R | |
3114 | .557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E | |
3115 | F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) | |
3116 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 | |
3117 | F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 688.8 Q -.2 | |
3118 | (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3119 | (pansion.).15 E(If)144 712.8 Q F2(par)3.284 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.284 | |
3120 | E F1(@)3.284 E F0(or)3.284 E F1(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784 | |
3121 | (he result is)-3.284 F F2(length)3.284 E F0 .784 | |
3122 | (positional parameters be)3.284 F .783(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)3.283 E | |
3123 | (fset)-.18 E F0 5.783(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) | |
3124 | -.25 G F2(of)144 724.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.551(is tak)4.051 F 1.551 | |
3125 | (en relati)-.1 F 1.851 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551 | |
3126 | (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-4.051 F 4.051(,s)-.4 | |
3127 | G 4.052(oa)-4.051 G 4.052(no)-4.052 G -.25(ff)-4.052 G 1.552 | |
3128 | (set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E | |
3129 | (23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3130 | %%Page: 24 24 | |
3131 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3132 | BP | |
3133 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3134 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3135 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(eva)144 84 S | |
3136 | .555(luates to the last positional parameter).25 F 5.555(.I)-.55 G 3.055 | |
3137 | (ti)-5.555 G 3.055(sa)-3.055 G 3.055(ne)-3.055 G .555(xpansion error if) | |
3138 | -3.205 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)3.055 E F0 -.25(eva)3.055 G .555 | |
3139 | (luates to a number).25 F(less than zero.)144 96 Q(If)144 120 Q F1(par) | |
3140 | 3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 | |
8868edaf | 3141 | (da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 |
74091dd4 CR |
3142 | F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 |
3143 | 132 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A | |
3144 | (fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 | |
3145 | (ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081 | |
3146 | (en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater) | |
3147 | -3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 144 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft) | |
3148 | -3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) | |
3149 | -6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 | |
3150 | F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F | |
3151 | (number less than zero.)144 156 Q(Substring e)144 180 Q | |
8868edaf | 3152 | (xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H |
74091dd4 | 3153 | (rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821(Substring inde)144 204 R |
8868edaf | 3154 | .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ |
74091dd4 | 3155 | hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 216 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 |
8868edaf | 3156 | F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 |
74091dd4 CR |
3157 | (is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 10 |
3158 | /Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to)-.15 | |
3159 | F(the list.)144 228 Q(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A | |
3160 | F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085 | |
3161 | (Names matching pr)144 268.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 | |
3162 | (xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F | |
3163 | .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) | |
3164 | -2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 280.8 R/F3 9 | |
3165 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 | |
3166 | (ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F | |
3167 | .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 292.8 Q | |
3168 | (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 | |
3169 | 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 321.6 Q F2(!)A F1 | |
3170 | (name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 333.6 R(eys) | |
3171 | -.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f)-6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v) | |
3172 | 3.636 F 1.136(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136 | |
3173 | (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136 | |
3174 | (s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 345.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C | |
3175 | (f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e) | |
3176 | -.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 | |
3177 | (is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1(@)2.897 E F0 | |
3178 | (is used and the e)144 357.6 Q | |
8868edaf | 3179 | (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 |
74091dd4 CR |
3180 | H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 374.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A |
3181 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 | |
3182 | 5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) | |
3183 | -.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) | |
3184 | 5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 398.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) | |
3185 | 2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 | |
8868edaf | 3186 | (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) |
74091dd4 CR |
3187 | 5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E |
3188 | .781(ray name subscripted by)144 410.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 | |
3189 | (@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 | |
3190 | (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) | |
3191 | -.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 422.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) | |
3192 | 3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 | |
3193 | (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 | |
3194 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 | |
3195 | (hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 434.4 R 1.273 | |
3196 | -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) | |
3197 | -3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3198 | 3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 | |
3199 | -.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) | |
3200 | 144 446.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 | |
3201 | G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 463.2 Q F1 | |
3202 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1 | |
3203 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 487.2 | |
3204 | Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F | |
3205 | (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 | |
3206 | (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F | |
3207 | .544(name e)144 499.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 | |
3208 | (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) | |
3209 | 4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) | |
3210 | 144 511.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E | |
3211 | F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 | |
3212 | (he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633 | |
3213 | (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 | |
3214 | (then the result of the e)144 523.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F | |
3215 | 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
3216 | F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 | |
3217 | 535.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 | |
3218 | (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 | |
3219 | 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E | |
3220 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 547.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E | |
3221 | F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 | |
3222 | G .518 | |
3223 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) | |
3224 | -3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 559.2 R(If) | |
3225 | 5.303 E F1(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 | |
3226 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E | |
3227 | F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 571.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G | |
3228 | 2.988(lo).25 G .487 | |
3229 | (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) | |
3230 | -2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 583.2 Q(${)108 | |
3231 | 600 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 612 | |
3232 | Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 | |
3233 | 624 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 | |
3234 | 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 | |
3235 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 636 | |
3236 | S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 | |
3237 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3238 | .458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 648 S(tter).1 | |
3239 | E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 | |
3240 | H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) | |
3241 | -3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15 | |
3242 | (ra)144 660 S(meter).15 E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317 | |
3243 | (hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 | |
3244 | (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3245 | 1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084(matching pattern \(the `)144 672 R | |
3246 | (`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084 | |
3247 | (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 | |
3248 | 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)145.25 | |
3249 | 684 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 | |
3250 | 2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 | |
3251 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 | |
3252 | (and the e)144 696 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) | |
3253 | 5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 | |
3254 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 | |
3255 | (,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 | |
3256 | (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) | |
3257 | -2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q | |
3258 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3259 | %%Page: 25 25 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3260 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3261 | BP | |
3262 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3263 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8868edaf | 3264 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 |
74091dd4 CR |
3265 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)A F1 |
3266 | (pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E | |
3267 | F2(//)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A | |
3268 | (ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 120 | |
3269 | Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/%)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A | |
3270 | F2 -.1(Pa)144 132 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 | |
3271 | 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 | |
3272 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
3273 | (sion.)144 144 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 | |
3274 | (is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) | |
3275 | 3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 | |
3276 | (alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 156 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 | |
3277 | E F0(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 | |
3278 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499 | |
3279 | (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137 | |
3280 | (command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 168 R -.25(va)-.15 | |
3281 | G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637 F | |
3282 | .075(described under)144 180 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.575 G(tter).1 E 2.575(nM)-.15 | |
3283 | G(atching)-2.575 E F0(belo)2.575 E 3.875 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G | |
3284 | .075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .076 | |
3285 | (nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 192 | |
3286 | R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F1(par)2.98 E(ameter)-.15 | |
3287 | E F0(and)2.98 E F1(pattern)2.98 E F0 .48(\(the second form abo)2.98 F | |
3288 | -.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 204 Q F0 .374 | |
3289 | (are replaced with)2.874 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 | |
3290 | (pattern)2.874 E F0 .374(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F0 .374 | |
3291 | (\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .375(\), it must match).15 | |
3292 | F .089(at the be)144 216 R .089(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) | |
3293 | -.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.088(.I)C(f) | |
3294 | -5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.588 E | |
3295 | F0 .088(\(the fourth form)2.588 F(abo)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 | |
3296 | (\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315 | |
3297 | (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) | |
3298 | -5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)2.815 E F0 | |
3299 | (is)2.815 E .399(null, matches of)144 240 R F1(pattern)2.899 E F0 .399 | |
3300 | (are deleted.)2.899 F(If)5.399 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 | |
3301 | (is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 | |
3302 | (are deleted and the)2.898 F F2(/)2.898 E F0(fol-)2.898 E(lo)144 252 Q | |
3303 | (wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144 | |
3304 | 276 R F2(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .95 | |
3305 | (shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F0 3.45(,a)C 1.25 | |
3306 | -.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F2(&)3.45 E F0(in)3.45 | |
3307 | E F1(string)144 288 Q F0(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5 E | |
3308 | F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(.)A .75(Quoting an)144 312 R 3.25(yp)-.15 G .75 | |
3309 | (art of)-3.25 F F1(string)3.25 E F0 .749(inhibits replacement in the e) | |
3310 | 3.249 F .749(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767 | |
3311 | (replacement strings stored in shell v)144 324 R 3.267 | |
3312 | (ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F2(&)3.267 E F0(in) | |
3313 | 3.267 E F1(string)3.267 E F0 3.267(;t)C .768(he backslash is)-3.267 F | |
3314 | (remo)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.669(di).15 G 2.669(no)-2.669 G .169 | |
3315 | (rder to permit a literal)-2.669 F F2(&)2.669 E F0 .169 | |
3316 | (in the replacement string.)2.669 F .169 | |
3317 | (Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.428(cape a backslash;)144 | |
3318 | 348 R F2(\\\\)3.928 E F0 1.428 | |
3319 | (results in a literal backslash in the replacement.)3.928 F 1.428 | |
3320 | (Users should tak)6.428 F 3.929(ec)-.1 G 1.429(are if)-3.929 F F1 | |
3321 | (string)144 360 Q F0 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.792 F -.2(vo)-.2 G | |
3322 | .292(id unw).2 F .292 | |
3323 | (anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .053 | |
3324 | (since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 372 R | |
3325 | -.15(Pa)5.053 G .054(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F .07 | |
3326 | (for unquoted)144 384 R F2(&)2.57 E F0 .07(after e)2.57 F(xpanding)-.15 | |
3327 | E F1(string)2.569 E F0 2.569(;s)C .069(hell programmers should quote an) | |
3328 | -2.569 F 2.569(yo)-.15 G .069(ccurrences of)-2.569 F F2(&)2.569 E F0 | |
3329 | (the)2.569 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 396 S 1.112(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 | |
3330 | (en literally in the replacement and ensure an)-.1 F 3.612(yi)-.15 G | |
3331 | 1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F0(the)3.612 E 3.613(yw)-.15 G | |
3332 | 1.113(ant to be re-)-3.713 F(placed are unquoted.)144 408 Q .687(If the) | |
3333 | 144 432 R F2(nocasematch)3.187 E F0 .687 | |
3334 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05 | |
3335 | (ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .736(alphabetic characters.)144 | |
3336 | 444 R(If)5.736 E F1(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.966 E F2(@)3.236 E | |
3337 | F0(or)3.236 E F2(*)3.236 E F0 3.236(,t)C .736 | |
3338 | (he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .655 | |
3339 | (tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 456 R .654 | |
3340 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.654 E F1(par)4.404 E | |
3341 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .654(is an array v)3.884 F(ariable)-.25 E .347 | |
3342 | (subscripted with)144 468 R F2(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F2(*)2.847 E F0 | |
3343 | 2.847(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ | |
3344 | the array in turn,)-2.847 F(and the e)144 480 Q | |
3345 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 496.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
3346 | -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 508.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E | |
3347 | F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 520.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A | |
3348 | F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 | |
3349 | (pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 544.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C | |
3350 | .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 | |
8868edaf | 3351 | (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) |
74091dd4 CR |
3352 | 2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 556.8 Q |
3353 | F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 | |
8868edaf | 3354 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 |
74091dd4 CR |
3355 | (xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 |
3356 | (panded v)144 568.8 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
3357 | F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 | |
3358 | (,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 | |
3359 | (ve)144 580.8 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 | |
3360 | (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F | |
3361 | 5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F2(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F | |
3362 | -.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 592.8 Q .181(wercase letters matching) | |
3363 | -.25 F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E | |
3364 | F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 | |
3365 | (rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 604.8 R 2.585 | |
8868edaf CR |
3366 | (wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 |
3367 | (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 | |
3368 | (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3369 | (alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 616.8 Q F2(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 |
3370 | (ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 | |
3371 | (rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 | |
3372 | (alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 | |
3373 | (omitted, it is treated lik)144 628.8 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.62(,w) | |
3374 | C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F | |
3375 | 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F2 | |
3376 | (@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 | |
3377 | F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ | |
3378 | in turn, and the e)144 640.8 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 | |
3379 | (sultant list.)144 652.8 R(If)5.249 E F1(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3380 | .249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) | |
3381 | 2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F2(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 | |
3382 | (he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E | |
8868edaf | 3383 | (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
3384 | 664.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F1(par)A |
3385 | (ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 693.6 S | |
8868edaf CR |
3386 | .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F |
3387 | .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3388 | F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 705.6 R |
3389 | F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F | |
3390 | .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 | |
3391 | E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 | |
3392 | 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(25)185.115 E 0 | |
8868edaf | 3393 | Cg EP |
74091dd4 | 3394 | %%Page: 26 26 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3395 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3396 | BP | |
3397 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3398 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8868edaf | 3399 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
74091dd4 | 3400 | SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .143(The e)180 84 R .142 |
8868edaf CR |
3401 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 |
3402 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3403 | .142(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G |
3404 | (rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .429(The e)180 108 R .429 | |
8868edaf | 3405 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) |
74091dd4 CR |
3406 | 2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F -.15 |
3407 | (ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1(L) | |
3408 | 144 132 Q F0 .125(The e)180 132 R .124 | |
8868edaf | 3409 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) |
74091dd4 | 3410 | 2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F |
8868edaf | 3411 | (ters con)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q) |
74091dd4 | 3412 | 144 156 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 156 R 1.064 |
8868edaf | 3413 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) |
74091dd4 CR |
3414 | 3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F |
3415 | (reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .441(The e)180 180 R .441 | |
8868edaf | 3416 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) |
74091dd4 CR |
3417 | 2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15 |
3418 | (ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($\010...\010)2.5 E F0 | |
3419 | (quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 204 R 1.073 | |
8868edaf CR |
3420 | (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 |
3421 | (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
3422 | F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 216 Q F1(PR)2.5 | |
74091dd4 | 3423 | E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 228 Q F0 1.138(The e) |
8868edaf | 3424 | 180 228 R 1.138 |
a0c0a00f | 3425 | (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F |
74091dd4 | 3426 | F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 240 Q -.25 |
8868edaf CR |
3427 | (va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 |
3428 | (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 252 Q F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3429 | 1.339(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 252 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 |
3430 | F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.34 | |
3431 | (xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 264 S .258(lues of inde) | |
8868edaf CR |
3432 | .25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)-2.757 F .557 -.15 |
3433 | (ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
74091dd4 | 3434 | (-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.757 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 |
8868edaf CR |
3435 | 276 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 288 Q F0(The e)180 |
3436 | 288 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E | |
3437 | (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D | |
74091dd4 CR |
3438 | (ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 300 Q F0(Lik)180 300 Q 2.657(et)-.1 G |
3439 | .157(he K transformation, b)-2.657 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) | |
3440 | -.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157 | |
3441 | (alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .158(nd associati) | |
3442 | -2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 312 Q | |
3443 | (ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 328.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E | |
3444 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 | |
3445 | 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ | |
3446 | turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) | |
3447 | 144 340.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 | |
3448 | (is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E | |
3449 | F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F | |
8868edaf | 3450 | (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
3451 | 352.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) |
3452 | 144 376.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 | |
8868edaf | 3453 | (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
3454 | F(lo)144 388.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 405.6 Q F2 |
3455 | 1.697(Command substitution)108 417.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 | |
ac50fbac | 3456 | (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 |
74091dd4 CR |
3457 | (There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 429.6 Q F1($\()144 446.4 Q F2 |
3458 | (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 458.4 Q F1<92>144 470.4 Q F2(command) | |
3459 | A F1<92>A(Bash)108 487.2 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 | |
8868edaf | 3460 | (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3461 | .088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) |
3462 | -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) | |
74091dd4 | 3463 | 108 499.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) |
a0c0a00f | 3464 | -.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) |
74091dd4 | 3465 | 108 511.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F |
a0c0a00f | 3466 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) |
8868edaf | 3467 | -.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) |
74091dd4 | 3468 | 2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 |
8868edaf | 3469 | G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 |
d233b485 | 3470 | (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ |
74091dd4 CR |
3471 | used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 540 R(xcept)-.15 E |
3472 | .315(when follo)108 552 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> | |
8868edaf CR |
3473 | 2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ |
3474 | \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ | |
74091dd4 | 3475 | b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 564 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F |
8868edaf | 3476 | F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 |
d233b485 CR |
3477 | (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G |
3478 | 3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3479 | (mand; none are treated specially)108 576 Q(.)-.65 E .894 |
3480 | (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 592.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H | |
0001803f | 3481 | .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3482 | (quotes with backslashes.)108 604.8 Q .422 |
3483 | (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 621.6 R .422 | |
0001803f | 3484 | (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
3485 | F(on the results.)108 633.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 650.4 Q F0 |
3486 | 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 662.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 | |
8868edaf CR |
3487 | (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F |
3488 | 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3489 | (The format for arithmetic e)108 674.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() |
3490 | 144 691.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 708 Q | |
3491 | F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 | |
3492 | (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 | |
3493 | (xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .236 | |
3494 | (ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.8(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.3 G(pr) | |
3495 | .2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo)5.3 F | |
3496 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.299 E 2.799(ens in the e)-.1 F | |
3497 | 2.799(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
3498 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3499 | %%Page: 27 27 | |
8868edaf CR |
3500 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3501 | BP | |
3502 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3503 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3504 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .919 |
3505 | (parameter and v)108 84 R .919(ariable e)-.25 F .919 | |
3506 | (xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G | |
3507 | 3.419(l. The).25 F .92(result is treated as the)3.419 F(arithmetic e)108 | |
3508 | 96 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(luated. Arithmetic).25 | |
3509 | F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 112.8 R | |
3510 | -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 | |
495aee44 | 3511 | (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) |
8868edaf CR |
3512 | -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F |
3513 | (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3514 | (If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession) |
3515 | -.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
3516 | (bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E | |
3517 | (ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 141.6 Q | |
3518 | (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 153.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3519 | -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 |
3520 | (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 | |
74091dd4 | 3521 | (It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 165.6 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 |
8868edaf CR |
3522 | (list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E |
3523 | F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3524 | (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 |
3525 | (nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 | |
74091dd4 | 3526 | (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 177.6 R .148 |
a0c0a00f | 3527 | (gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 |
8868edaf | 3528 | (xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E |
74091dd4 | 3529 | F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 189.6 R .56 |
8868edaf CR |
3530 | (vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G |
3531 | (he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 | |
74091dd4 | 3532 | (form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 201.6 Q .308 |
8868edaf | 3533 | (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 3534 | 5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) |
74091dd4 | 3535 | -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 213.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) |
8868edaf | 3536 | -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 |
74091dd4 | 3537 | (method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3538 | -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ |
3539 | h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
3540 | (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 |
3541 | -.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 | |
3542 | (The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143 | |
a0c0a00f | 3543 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 |
74091dd4 | 3544 | (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q |
8868edaf | 3545 | F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 |
74091dd4 | 3546 | (The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 |
17345e5a JA |
3547 | (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 |
3548 | (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) | |
ac50fbac | 3549 | -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) |
74091dd4 | 3550 | 108 312 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F |
8868edaf | 3551 | .207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 |
74091dd4 | 3552 | (,)A .837(the def)108 324 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 |
8868edaf | 3553 | (<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 |
a0c0a00f | 3554 | (<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 |
74091dd4 | 3555 | (ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 336 R .345 |
ac50fbac | 3556 | (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 |
8868edaf | 3557 | G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 |
ac50fbac | 3558 | (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) |
74091dd4 CR |
3559 | -.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 348 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 E |
3560 | F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 | |
8868edaf | 3561 | (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
3562 | 360 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 E |
3563 | F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 | |
3564 | F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 | |
3565 | (ter is in the v)108 372 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 | |
3566 | E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) | |
3567 | -.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F | |
3568 | F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 384 R 2.928 | |
3569 | (ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 | |
a0c0a00f | 3570 | (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G |
8868edaf | 3571 | .428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 |
74091dd4 CR |
3572 | F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 396 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G |
3573 | (he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E | |
3574 | (ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R .783 | |
8868edaf CR |
3575 | (guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G |
3576 | F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 | |
3577 | (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 | |
74091dd4 | 3578 | (Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 424.8 R .179 |
8868edaf CR |
3579 | (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 |
3580 | (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 | |
3581 | G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3582 | (ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 436.8 R .319 |
3583 | (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F | |
3584 | .319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F | |
3585 | (to a command as an empty string.)108 448.8 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E | |
8868edaf | 3586 | .001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F |
74091dd4 | 3587 | (xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 460.8 R .984 |
8868edaf CR |
3588 | (gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 |
3589 | (is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>3.483 | |
3590 | F F0(becomes)3.483 E F5<ad64>3.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3591 | (ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 472.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) |
3592 | -.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 489.6 Q | |
3593 | (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 506.4 S | |
3594 | (thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 518.4 R .37 | |
8868edaf CR |
3595 | (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 |
3596 | (option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F | |
3597 | .371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 | |
3598 | 2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 | |
3599 | (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 | |
74091dd4 | 3600 | 530.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F3 |
8868edaf CR |
3601 | (pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ |
3602 | an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) | |
74091dd4 | 3603 | 108 542.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E |
8868edaf | 3604 | F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 |
74091dd4 | 3605 | (matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 554.4 R F4 |
8868edaf | 3606 | (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 |
74091dd4 | 3607 | (ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 566.4 Q F4(nullglob) |
8868edaf CR |
3608 | 3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F |
3609 | .785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F4 | |
3610 | (failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ | |
3611 | hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3612 | 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F |
3613 | (option)108 590.4 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 | |
8868edaf CR |
3614 | (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G |
3615 | .764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 | |
74091dd4 | 3616 | (When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 602.4 R .039 |
8868edaf CR |
3617 | (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 |
3618 | E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3619 | 614.4 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 |
3620 | (,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F4(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 | |
3621 | (is set.)2.691 F .191(In order to match the \214le-)5.191 F(names)108 | |
3622 | 626.4 Q F4 -.63(``)3.645 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.145 E F4 -.63 | |
3623 | (``)3.645 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.645(,t).63 G 1.145 | |
3624 | (he pattern must be)-3.645 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 | |
3625 | -.74('' \()-.7 H 1.145(for e).74 F 1.145(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E | |
3626 | 1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F4(dotglob) | |
3627 | 3.644 E F0 1.144(is set.)3.644 F 1.144(If the)6.144 F F4(globskipdots) | |
3628 | 108 638.4 Q F0 .153(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.653 F F4 | |
3629 | -.63(``)2.653 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.153 E F4 -.63(``)2.654 G | |
3630 | (..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .154(are ne)5.784 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(rm) | |
3631 | .15 G .154(atched, e)-2.654 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(ni).15 G 2.654(ft) | |
3632 | -2.654 G .154(he pattern be-)-2.654 F .12(gins with a)108 650.4 R F4 | |
3633 | -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5.12(.W)C .12 | |
3634 | (hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G | |
3635 | (')-.08 E F0 .12(character is not treated specially)5.12 F 5.12(.W)-.65 | |
3636 | G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.54(ap)108 662.4 S 1.04 | |
3637 | (athname, the slash character must al)-3.54 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.04 | |
3638 | (ys be matched e).1 F 1.041(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 | |
3639 | F 1.041(ut in other)-.2 F .132(matching conte)108 674.4 R .132 | |
3640 | (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) | |
3641 | -.15 F 2.631(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.631 E F1 -.09(Pa)2.631 G(tter).09 E 2.381 | |
3642 | (nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.381 E(ing)108 686.4 Q F2(.)A F0 .605 | |
3643 | (See the description of)5.105 F F4(shopt)3.105 E F0(belo)3.105 E 3.106 | |
3644 | (wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F1 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 | |
3645 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .606(for a description of the)2.856 F F4(no-) | |
3646 | 3.106 E(caseglob)108 698.4 Q F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4 | |
3647 | (globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4 | |
3648 | (dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 715.2 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE) | |
3649 | 2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 | |
8868edaf CR |
3650 | (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 |
3651 | F F3(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F1(GLO-)2.561 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
3652 | (BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ |
3653 | so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) | |
3654 | 4.265 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 | |
3655 | Cg EP | |
3656 | %%Page: 28 28 | |
d233b485 CR |
3657 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3658 | BP | |
3659 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3660 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3661 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15 |
3662 | (ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415 | |
3663 | (If the)6.415 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 | |
3664 | (option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 | |
3665 | F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .146 | |
3666 | (is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F | |
3667 | .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E | |
3668 | F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 | |
3669 | (are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 | |
3670 | 108 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) | |
3671 | -.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 | |
3672 | (to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F | |
3673 | .682(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 | |
3674 | (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) | |
3675 | -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) | |
3676 | 5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.185 | |
3677 | (vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 | |
3678 | -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E | |
3679 | F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184(one of the patterns in) | |
3680 | 6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q | |
3681 | F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2 | |
3682 | (GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 | |
3683 | (The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 156 Q F1 | |
3684 | (extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 172.8 S(tter).1 E | |
3685 | 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 189.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ | |
3686 | acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ | |
3687 | ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.721 | |
3688 | (itself. The)108 201.6 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) | |
3689 | 2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222 | |
3690 | (wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 | |
3691 | (caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 213.6 R .418 | |
8868edaf | 3692 | (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) |
74091dd4 CR |
3693 | -.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E |
3694 | (The special pattern characters ha)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
3695 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .376 | |
3696 | (Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 | |
8868edaf | 3697 | (tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 |
74091dd4 | 3698 | (globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 |
8868edaf CR |
3699 | Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 |
3700 | (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 | |
3701 | E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 | |
3702 | (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
3703 | .)180 283.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E |
3704 | F0(,)A(tw)180 295.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C | |
3705 | (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 307.2 Q | |
3706 | F0(Matches an)180 307.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E | |
3707 | F1([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3708 | (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 |
3709 | (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 | |
74091dd4 | 3710 | (denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E |
8868edaf CR |
3711 | 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) |
3712 | -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F | |
74091dd4 | 3713 | 3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) |
8868edaf CR |
3714 | -.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) |
3715 | -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F | |
74091dd4 | 3716 | 1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.123 |
8868edaf CR |
3717 | (wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 |
3718 | 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
3719 | 1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F 1.045 |
3720 | (The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R 1.044 | |
3721 | (xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34 | |
3722 | (range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 379.2 R 2.341 | |
3723 | (alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)4.841 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)4.591 E F2 | |
3724 | (LC_ALL)180 391.2 Q F0 1.079(shell v)3.329 F 1.079(ariables, if set.) | |
3725 | -.25 F 2.679 -.8(To o)6.079 H 1.079 | |
3726 | (btain the traditional interpretation of range e).8 F(xpres-)-.15 E .392 | |
3727 | (sions, where)180 403.2 R F1([a\255d])2.892 E F0 .392(is equi)2.892 F | |
3728 | -.25(va)-.25 G .392(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.893 E F0 2.893(,s)C .393 | |
3729 | (et v)-2.893 F .393(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_ALL)2.893 E F0 .393 | |
3730 | (shell v)2.893 F .393(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.893 E F0(,)A .9 | |
3731 | (or enable the)180 415.2 R F1(globasciiranges)3.4 E F0 .9(shell option.) | |
3732 | 3.4 F(A)5.899 E F1<ad>3.399 E F0 .899 | |
3733 | (may be matched by including it as the)3.399 F .405 | |
3734 | (\214rst or last character in the set.)180 427.2 R(A)5.405 E F1(])2.905 | |
3735 | E F0 .405(may be matched by including it as the \214rst character)2.905 | |
3736 | F(in the set.)180 439.2 Q -.4(Wi)180 457.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0 | |
3737 | (and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571 | |
3738 | (acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 | |
3739 | F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class) | |
3740 | 3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)180 469.2 Q | |
8868edaf | 3741 | (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 |
74091dd4 CR |
3742 | (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 481.2 R 5.889 |
3743 | (wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 493.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F | |
3744 | F0 4.29(Ac)180 505.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) | |
3745 | -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 | |
3746 | -.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E | |
3747 | (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 517.2 Q -.4(Wi) | |
3748 | 180 535.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 | |
3749 | (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 | |
3750 | (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) | |
3751 | A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ | |
3752 | collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 547.2 R | |
3753 | (the character)180 559.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 577.2 S(thin).4 | |
8868edaf CR |
3754 | E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) |
3755 | 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3756 | (symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 594 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539 |
3757 | (shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
3758 | 3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54 | |
3759 | (ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108 606 | |
3760 | R .038(In the follo)5.038 F .038(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 | |
3761 | (pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037 | |
3762 | (is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 618 Q F1 | |
3763 | (|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C | |
3764 | (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E | |
3765 | (wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 642 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1 | |
3766 | (\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 654 Q -.15 | |
3767 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 666 Q F4(pattern-list) | |
3768 | .833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 | |
3769 | 678 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 690 Q F4 | |
8868edaf | 3770 | (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
3771 | (Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 702 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
3772 | (np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 | |
3773 | E(28)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3774 | %%Page: 29 29 | |
d233b485 CR |
3775 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3776 | BP | |
3777 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3778 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3779 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3780 | SF(@\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E |
3781 | F0(Matches one of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) | |
3782 | -2.5 E F1(!\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 | |
3783 | (Matches an)180 120 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15 | |
3784 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(The)108 136.8 Q F1(extglob)A F0 | |
3785 | .477(option changes the beha)2.977 F .477(vior of the parser)-.2 F 2.977 | |
3786 | (,s)-.4 G .478(ince the parentheses are normally treated as opera-) | |
3787 | -2.977 F .105(tors with syntactic meaning.)108 148.8 R 1.705 -.8(To e) | |
3788 | 5.105 H .105(nsure that e).8 F .105 | |
3789 | (xtended matching patterns are parsed correctly)-.15 F 2.604(,m)-.65 G | |
3790 | (ak)-2.604 E 2.604(es)-.1 G .104(ure that)-2.604 F F1(extglob)108 160.8 | |
3791 | Q F0 1.355(is enabled before parsing constructs containing the patterns\ | |
3792 | , including shell functions and com-)3.854 F(mand substitutions.)108 | |
3793 | 172.8 Q .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 189.6 R F1(dotglob)3.488 | |
3794 | E F0 .988 | |
3795 | (shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) | |
3796 | 3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 201.6 Q F0 1.391 | |
3797 | (is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F | |
3798 | 1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 | |
3799 | (ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 | |
3800 | E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 | |
3801 | (matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 213.6 R .298 | |
3802 | (gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 | |
3803 | F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 225.6 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F | |
3804 | (`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 | |
3805 | (nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) | |
3806 | -.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 | |
3807 | (ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 | |
3808 | (nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 237.6 Q | |
3809 | .969(Complicated e)108 254.4 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F | |
3810 | .969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 | |
3811 | (specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09 | |
3812 | (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 266.4 R .091 | |
3813 | (Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-) | |
3814 | -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) | |
3815 | 108 278.4 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 295.2 Q -.1(va)-.1 G | |
3816 | (l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 307.2 R 1.113 | |
d233b485 CR |
3817 | (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) |
3818 | 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3819 | 1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 319.2 Q .3 |
3820 | -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 | |
3821 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 336 Q F0 .545 | |
3822 | (Before a command is e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 | |
3823 | (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E | |
3824 | (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429 | |
3825 | (by the shell.)108 360 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E | |
3826 | .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made\ | |
3827 | to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 372 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change \ | |
3828 | the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 | |
3829 | (Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 | |
3830 | (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 384 R -.15(xe) | |
3831 | -.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E | |
8868edaf | 3832 | .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
3833 | 396 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 .862 |
3834 | (or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G | |
3835 | .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 408 Q 2.5 | |
3836 | (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ | |
3837 | h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ | |
3838 | stead be preceded by a w)108 424.8 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) | |
3839 | 108 436.8 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 | |
ac50fbac | 3840 | (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 |
74091dd4 | 3841 | (xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 448.8 S |
ac50fbac | 3842 | .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3843 | F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 |
3844 | (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 460.8 Q | |
3845 | F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 | |
3846 | (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 | |
d233b485 | 3847 | (varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3848 | .794(persists be)108 472.8 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo) |
3849 | -.15 F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor') | |
3850 | -.25 F(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 484.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1 | |
3851 | (va)2.5 G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha) | |
3852 | 2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 501.6 R .284(wing descr\ | |
3853 | iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ | |
3854 | aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 513.6 R F1(<) | |
d233b485 | 3855 | 3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 |
17345e5a JA |
3856 | (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) |
3857 | -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F | |
74091dd4 | 3858 | (redirection operator is)108 525.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C |
17345e5a | 3859 | (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) |
74091dd4 | 3860 | -2.5 E .824(The w)108 542.4 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 |
ac50fbac CR |
3861 | (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 |
3862 | (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 | |
74091dd4 | 3863 | (jected to brace e)108 554.4 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 |
ac50fbac | 3864 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 |
74091dd4 | 3865 | (xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 566.4 R |
ac50fbac CR |
3866 | .866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F |
3867 | .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 | |
74091dd4 | 3868 | F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 578.4 S(rd,).1 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 3869 | (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E |
74091dd4 CR |
3870 | (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 595.2 Q -.15 |
3871 | (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 612 Q F1(>)2.5 E | |
3872 | F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A | |
3873 | (directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 628.8 | |
3874 | Q F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 | |
3875 | 645.6 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 | |
3876 | (directs only the standard output to \214le)108 662.4 R F2(dirlist)3.355 | |
8868edaf | 3877 | E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 |
17345e5a | 3878 | (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3879 | (output before the standard output w)108 674.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E |
3880 | F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 691.2 Q F0 .598(handles se) | |
3881 | 3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F | |
3882 | 3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) | |
3883 | -3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 703.2 R .978 | |
d233b485 | 3884 | (the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3885 | (is running pro)3.478 F .977 |
3886 | (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
3887 | (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 715.2 Q |
3888 | (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
3889 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(29)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3890 | %%Page: 30 30 | |
3891 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3892 | BP | |
3893 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3894 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3895 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3896 | SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)A F0(If)180 96 Q | |
3897 | F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G | |
3898 | (le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 108 | |
3899 | Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de) | |
3900 | 144 132 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q | |
3901 | F1(/de)144 156 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 | |
3902 | 168 Q F1(/de)144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) | |
3903 | 180 192 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 | |
3904 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 | |
8868edaf | 3905 | (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E |
74091dd4 | 3906 | (vice name,)180 204 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
8868edaf | 3907 | (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
3908 | 216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 228 Q F2(host) |
3909 | 2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 | |
3910 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 | |
8868edaf | 3911 | (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E |
74091dd4 | 3912 | (vice name,)180 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
8868edaf | 3913 | (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 |
74091dd4 | 3914 | 256.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) |
8868edaf | 3915 | -2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ |
74091dd4 | 3916 | an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 |
8868edaf | 3917 | (ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F |
74091dd4 CR |
3918 | (scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 |
3919 | 302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 | |
17345e5a | 3920 | (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) |
74091dd4 CR |
3921 | 108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 |
3922 | (to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F2 | |
3923 | (n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G | |
ac50fbac | 3924 | (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 |
17345e5a | 3925 | (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E |
74091dd4 CR |
3926 | (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F2 |
3927 | (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output) | |
3928 | -.18 E F0 .174 | |
17345e5a | 3929 | (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) |
74091dd4 CR |
3930 | 108 388.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 |
3931 | (to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8 | |
8868edaf CR |
3932 | R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 |
3933 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 | |
3934 | .083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F | |
74091dd4 | 3935 | (x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 412.8 Q |
17345e5a | 3936 | (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E |
74091dd4 | 3937 | (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q |
a0c0a00f | 3938 | F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 |
74091dd4 | 3939 | (If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C |
a0c0a00f CR |
3940 | .154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) |
3941 | 2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 | |
74091dd4 | 3942 | (iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 475.2 R |
a0c0a00f CR |
3943 | .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 |
3944 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 | |
3945 | (ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) | |
74091dd4 | 3946 | 5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 487.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C |
ac50fbac CR |
3947 | 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E |
3948 | F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 | |
a0c0a00f | 3949 | (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 |
0001803f | 3950 | (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 |
74091dd4 | 3951 | 499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) |
ac50fbac | 3952 | -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 |
74091dd4 CR |
3953 | 516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 |
3954 | (Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642 | |
a0c0a00f | 3955 | (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 |
8868edaf | 3956 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 |
74091dd4 | 3957 | (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 |
8868edaf CR |
3958 | 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 |
3959 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 | |
3960 | .455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
3961 | 552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E |
3962 | (The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q | |
3963 | F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 602.4 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 3964 | (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 |
74091dd4 CR |
3965 | (This construct allo)108 614.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ |
3966 | \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) | |
3967 | -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
3968 | 626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E | |
3969 | (There are tw)108 643.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
ac50fbac | 3970 | (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
3971 | (&>)144 660 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 672 Q F1(>&)144 684 Q F2(wor) |
3972 | A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
17345e5a | 3973 | (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
3974 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 717.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 |
3975 | E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(30) | |
3976 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
3977 | %%Page: 31 31 | |
3978 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3979 | BP | |
3980 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3981 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3982 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .114 | |
3983 | (When using the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.614 | |
3984 | E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F/F2 | |
3985 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td) | |
3986 | -2.614 G .115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 | |
3987 | 96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E | |
3988 | (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S | |
8868edaf | 3989 | (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 |
74091dd4 | 3990 | (This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ |
8868edaf CR |
3991 | \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) |
3992 | -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
74091dd4 | 3993 | 136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E |
a0c0a00f | 3994 | (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
3995 | 153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 |
3996 | (This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 | |
3997 | (>>)144 204 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 | |
3998 | 220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E | |
3999 | F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ | |
8868edaf | 4000 | irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ |
74091dd4 | 4001 | l a line containing only)108 249.6 R F1(delimiter)108.35 261.6 Q F0 .615 |
a0c0a00f | 4002 | (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 |
17345e5a | 4003 | (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 |
74091dd4 CR |
4004 | F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E |
4005 | F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E | |
4006 | (The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F1(n)A F0(]) | |
4007 | A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q | |
4008 | (e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 | |
4009 | 348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 | |
a0c0a00f | 4010 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 |
8868edaf | 4011 | (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 |
74091dd4 | 4012 | 360 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 |
8868edaf CR |
4013 | -.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 |
4014 | (is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 | |
4015 | (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) | |
4016 | -2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 | |
74091dd4 | 4017 | (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 372 R 3.274 |
8868edaf CR |
4018 | (xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 |
4019 | (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 | |
74091dd4 | 4020 | (are subjected to parameter e)108 384 R 1.194 |
8868edaf | 4021 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 |
74091dd4 CR |
4022 | (xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 396 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 |
4023 | E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
4024 | (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 |
4025 | E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 | |
74091dd4 | 4026 | (If the redirection operator is)108 412.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 |
8868edaf | 4027 | (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ |
74091dd4 | 4028 | and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 424.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 |
8868edaf | 4029 | (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E |
17345e5a | 4030 | (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) |
74091dd4 CR |
4031 | -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 441.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 |
4032 | 2.5(Av)108 453.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) | |
4033 | 144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 487.2 Q | |
4034 | F1(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 | |
d233b485 | 4035 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 |
74091dd4 | 4036 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 499.2 S |
d233b485 CR |
4037 | 1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F |
4038 | 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 | |
4039 | (ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 | |
74091dd4 CR |
4040 | (supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 511.2 R .374(wline appended\ |
4041 | , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) | |
4042 | 108 523.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E | |
4043 | F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 540 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 | |
4044 | 552 Q([)144 568.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 | |
4045 | (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 585.6 R(If)5.127 E | |
8868edaf | 4046 | F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 |
17345e5a | 4047 | (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 |
74091dd4 | 4048 | 597.6 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G |
17345e5a | 4049 | 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G |
8868edaf | 4050 | 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 |
17345e5a | 4051 | .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 |
74091dd4 | 4052 | (for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 609.6 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) |
8868edaf CR |
4053 | 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E |
4054 | F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) | |
4055 | 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
4056 | (the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 621.6 Q |
4057 | (The operator)108 638.4 Q([)144 655.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A | |
4058 | (d)-.37 E F0 .444 | |
4059 | (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 672 R(If) | |
4060 | 5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 | |
8868edaf | 4061 | (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 |
74091dd4 CR |
4062 | (tor 1\) is used.)108 684 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 E |
4063 | (d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, a\ | |
4064 | redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 696 R F1(wor)3.544 E | |
4065 | (d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.204 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
4066 | 3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 |
4067 | (is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 | |
4068 | .703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E | |
74091dd4 | 4069 | .965(not e)108 708 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> |
ac50fbac CR |
4070 | 3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 |
4071 | (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4072 | -3.466 F(pre)108 720 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
4073 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(31)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4074 | %%Page: 32 32 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4075 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4076 | BP | |
4077 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 4078 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4079 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
4080 | SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) | |
4081 | 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 | |
4082 | (digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518 | |
4083 | (he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2(digit)3.018 E F0 .518 | |
4084 | (to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt) | |
4085 | -3.018 G .517(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2 | |
4086 | (n)3.017 E F0 .517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 | |
4087 | E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
4088 | (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) | |
4089 | 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q | |
4090 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F2 | |
4091 | (digit)2.767 E F0 .267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F2(n)3.127 E F0 | |
4092 | 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt)-2.767 G .268 | |
4093 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F2(n)2.768 E F0 | |
4094 | .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 | |
4095 | (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 | |
4096 | (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) | |
4097 | A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
4098 | 266.4 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 | |
4099 | (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F | |
4100 | (scriptor)108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 | |
4101 | <6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 | |
4102 | (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E | |
4103 | (xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q | |
4104 | F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674 | |
4105 | (tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 | |
4106 | (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 | |
17345e5a | 4107 | (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ |
74091dd4 CR |
4108 | ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 |
4109 | (and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 | |
4110 | F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 | |
4111 | E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 | |
4112 | (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F | |
4113 | (check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 | |
4114 | (If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 | |
4115 | (xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A | |
4116 | F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 | |
4117 | 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) | |
4118 | -3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 | |
ac50fbac | 4119 | (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 |
74091dd4 | 4120 | (ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 |
ac50fbac CR |
4121 | (replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G |
4122 | 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 | |
74091dd4 CR |
4123 | (The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 |
4124 | F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 | |
ac50fbac | 4125 | (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4126 | .296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 |
4127 | (This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 | |
4128 | .296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 | |
4129 | (bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 403.2 R | |
8868edaf CR |
4130 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F |
4131 | 3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 | |
4132 | (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) | |
74091dd4 | 4133 | -3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E |
17345e5a | 4134 | (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
4135 | E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 |
4136 | (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 | |
4137 | (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 | |
4138 | (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .741 | |
4139 | (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E | |
4140 | .741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q | |
4141 | F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 | |
4142 | 477.6 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 | |
4143 | G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 | |
4144 | .283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
4145 | (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 | |
17345e5a | 4146 | (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 |
ac50fbac | 4147 | E .436 |
17345e5a | 4148 | (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 |
74091dd4 | 4149 | 506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 |
d233b485 | 4150 | (wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 |
74091dd4 | 4151 | (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu) |
d233b485 CR |
4152 | -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) |
4153 | -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E | |
74091dd4 | 4154 | 1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 |
d233b485 | 4155 | (Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F |
74091dd4 | 4156 | .074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 |
d233b485 | 4157 | F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ |
74091dd4 | 4158 | and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G |
d233b485 CR |
4159 | .338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 |
4160 | (The commands follo)5.337 F .337 | |
8868edaf | 4161 | (wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 |
74091dd4 | 4162 | 566.4 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) |
8868edaf CR |
4163 | -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) |
4164 | -.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) | |
4165 | -.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ | |
74091dd4 | 4166 | unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 |
8868edaf | 4167 | (cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) |
74091dd4 | 4168 | 108 590.4 R .403 |
8868edaf CR |
4169 | (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F |
4170 | -.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) | |
74091dd4 | 4171 | 108 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) |
8868edaf | 4172 | -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 |
74091dd4 CR |
4173 | (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 |
4174 | (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15 | |
4175 | (Fo)108 631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
4176 | (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 | |
4177 | (FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967 | |
d233b485 | 4178 | (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 |
ac50fbac | 4179 | H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 |
74091dd4 | 4180 | .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R |
d233b485 CR |
4181 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ |
4182 | ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 | |
74091dd4 CR |
4183 | (mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G |
4184 | 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 | |
d233b485 | 4185 | (cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 |
74091dd4 | 4186 | (shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 |
d233b485 CR |
4187 | (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F |
4188 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 | |
74091dd4 | 4189 | F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F |
17345e5a JA |
4190 | .639 |
4191 | (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4192 | -.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720 |
4193 | R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F | |
4194 | 1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.) | |
4195 | 4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
4196 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(32)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4197 | %%Page: 33 33 | |
4198 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4199 | BP | |
4200 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4201 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4202 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(element of the)108 | |
4203 | 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G | |
d233b485 CR |
4204 | (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E |
4205 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 | |
74091dd4 | 4206 | 100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 |
0001803f | 4207 | (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4208 | 1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG) |
4209 | -.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 | |
4210 | (traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
4211 | 3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) | |
d233b485 | 4212 | .09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 |
17345e5a | 4213 | (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) |
74091dd4 CR |
4214 | -.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E |
4215 | .479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) | |
d233b485 | 4216 | 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) |
74091dd4 CR |
4217 | -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 |
4218 | (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
4219 | 108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 | |
4220 | (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 | |
4221 | (traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 | |
4222 | F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 | |
4223 | (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .368 | |
4224 | (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) | |
4225 | 2.868 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F/F3 10 | |
4226 | /Times-Italic@0 SF .368(local variables)B F0 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E | |
4227 | (ily)108 189.6 Q 2.88(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38 | |
4228 | (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I) | |
4229 | -.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F2(local)2.88 E | |
4230 | F0(,)A(the v)108 201.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ | |
4231 | restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ | |
4232 | it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 218.4 R .727 | |
4233 | (wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0 | |
4234 | .726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15 | |
4235 | F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function') | |
4236 | 108 230.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004 | |
4237 | (aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) | |
4238 | -3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell) | |
4239 | -3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91 | |
4240 | (ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 | |
4241 | (ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2 | |
4242 | (de-)3.409 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
4243 | (iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) | |
4244 | .15 E .635(Local v)108 271.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v) | |
4245 | -.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636 | |
4246 | (vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636 | |
4247 | (nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .581 | |
4248 | (riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58 | |
4249 | (ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182 | |
4250 | (to the local v)108 295.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 | |
4251 | (ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183 | |
4252 | (When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
4253 | (is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 324 | |
4254 | R F3 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F | |
4255 | (ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 | |
4256 | F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 336 R | |
4257 | .007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 | |
d233b485 CR |
4258 | (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 |
4259 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) | |
74091dd4 | 4260 | 108 348 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 |
d233b485 | 4261 | (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 |
74091dd4 CR |
4262 | (alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 360 Q |
4263 | 2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 | |
d233b485 CR |
4264 | (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 |
4265 | F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) | |
74091dd4 | 4266 | 108 372 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E |
d233b485 | 4267 | (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
4268 | 388.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 |
4269 | (var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) | |
4270 | 2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 | |
4271 | (calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 | |
4272 | (references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 | |
4273 | F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) | |
4274 | -2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) | |
4275 | 2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F | |
4276 | (y)-.15 E(global v)108 412.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
4277 | (The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 | |
4278 | (iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 | |
d233b485 | 4279 | (ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 |
74091dd4 | 4280 | (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 441.6 R .19 |
d233b485 CR |
4281 | (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 |
4282 | (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4283 | -5.19 E 3.325(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ |
4284 | unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\ | |
4285 | hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R | |
4286 | 1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141 | |
4287 | (nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E | |
4288 | .977(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 | |
4289 | (If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976 | |
4290 | (vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F | |
4291 | (ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .008 | |
4292 | (wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25 | |
4293 | (ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008 | |
4294 | (shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) | |
4295 | 108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 | |
4296 | (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 | |
495aee44 | 4297 | (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 |
74091dd4 | 4298 | 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G |
495aee44 | 4299 | (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) |
74091dd4 | 4300 | -.15 E .043(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4301 | 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 |
4302 | (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
74091dd4 | 4303 | .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.012 |
a0c0a00f | 4304 | (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
4305 | 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 |
4306 | (trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 571.2 R | |
4307 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 | |
4308 | (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 | |
17345e5a | 4309 | (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) |
74091dd4 | 4310 | 108 583.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f | 4311 | 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) |
74091dd4 CR |
4312 | -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 |
4313 | (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 600 R F2 | |
a0c0a00f | 4314 | <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E |
74091dd4 CR |
4315 | F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F |
4316 | 3.39(mands. The)108 612 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 | |
a0c0a00f | 4317 | (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 |
17345e5a | 4318 | (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4319 | .047(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G |
4320 | (he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 | |
4321 | (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 | |
4322 | (xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 | |
4323 | (processes \(those created when e)108 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 | |
4324 | (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 | |
4325 | (cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 | |
4326 | (hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F2<ad66>3.201 E F0 .701 | |
4327 | (option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 | |
4328 | (iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F | |
4329 | F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 | |
4330 | S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
4331 | 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 | |
8868edaf | 4332 | (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 |
74091dd4 | 4333 | (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 688.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G |
8868edaf | 4334 | 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 |
74091dd4 CR |
4335 | (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 700.8 Q |
4336 | .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) | |
4337 | 135.955 E(33)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4338 | %%Page: 34 34 | |
4339 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4340 | BP | |
4341 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4342 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4343 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 | |
4344 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G | |
4345 | (ION)1.04 E F0 1.088(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 | |
4346 | F 1.089(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 | |
4347 | (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4348 | SF(let)3.589 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 | |
4349 | -.2(bu)3.453 G .953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 | |
8868edaf | 4350 | (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 |
74091dd4 | 4351 | 3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.057 |
d233b485 CR |
4352 | (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 |
4353 | G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 | |
4354 | (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 | |
74091dd4 | 4355 | (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 132 R(vity)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f | 4356 | 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 |
d233b485 | 4357 | (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4358 | (lo)108 144 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 |
4359 | (ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 | |
4360 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F | |
4361 | (of decreasing precedence.)108 156 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 | |
4362 | 172.8 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 184.8 S | |
4363 | (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 196.8 S | |
4364 | F0(unary minus and plus)144 196.8 Q F2(++)108 208.8 Q F3(id)A F2<adad> | |
4365 | 2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 220.8 S | |
4366 | (riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 232.8 S F0 | |
4367 | (logical and bitwise ne)144 232.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 | |
4368 | 244.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 244.8 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 256.8 S | |
4369 | F0(multiplication, di)144 256.8 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> | |
4370 | 108 268.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 268.8 Q F2(<< >>)108 280.8 Q F0 | |
4371 | (left and right bitwise shifts)144 280.8 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 292.8 Q F0 | |
4372 | (comparison)144 304.8 Q F2(== !=)108 316.8 Q F0(equality and inequality) | |
4373 | 144 316.8 Q F2(&)108 328.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 328.8 Q F2(^)108 340.8 Q | |
4374 | F0(bitwise e)144 340.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) | |
4375 | 108 352.8 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 352.8 Q F2(&&)108 364.8 Q F0(logical AND) | |
4376 | 144 364.8 Q F2(||)108 376.8 Q F0(logical OR)144 376.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 | |
4377 | 388.8 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 | |
4378 | (conditional operator)144 400.8 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 412.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G | |
4379 | 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G | |
4380 | (<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 424.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 436.8 S | |
4381 | (pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 448.8 Q .68 | |
4382 | (Shell v)108 465.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 | |
4383 | (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 | |
a0c0a00f | 4384 | (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F |
74091dd4 | 4385 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 |
d233b485 | 4386 | F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 |
a0c0a00f | 4387 | (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) |
74091dd4 | 4388 | -.25 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G |
8868edaf CR |
4389 | .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 |
4390 | (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F | |
74091dd4 | 4391 | .42(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 |
8868edaf CR |
4392 | (The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) |
4393 | -.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F | |
74091dd4 | 4394 | .154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 |
8868edaf | 4395 | (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) |
74091dd4 | 4396 | -2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 |
8868edaf | 4397 | (ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 |
74091dd4 | 4398 | (is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 |
8868edaf CR |
4399 | (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 |
4400 | F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
4401 | .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 |
4402 | (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 537.6 Q | |
4403 | (xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F | |
8868edaf CR |
4404 | 3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F |
4405 | <8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) | |
74091dd4 | 4406 | 5.517 F 3.282(al)108 566.4 S .782 |
8868edaf CR |
4407 | (eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G |
4408 | .783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4409 | -.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 |
4410 | (he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) | |
8868edaf | 4411 | 3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 |
74091dd4 CR |
4412 | F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 |
4413 | (is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 | |
8868edaf | 4414 | (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) |
74091dd4 | 4415 | 108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ |
8868edaf CR |
4416 | is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 |
4417 | F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 | |
74091dd4 CR |
4418 | (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 614.4 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) |
4419 | -5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F | |
8868edaf CR |
4420 | .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F |
4421 | (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 | |
74091dd4 | 4422 | 626.4 Q .235(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 |
ac50fbac | 4423 | (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 |
8868edaf | 4424 | (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 |
74091dd4 CR |
4425 | (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 655.2 S |
4426 | (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 | |
4427 | (CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 684 | |
4428 | R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 | |
4429 | (compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) | |
4430 | 2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134 | |
4431 | (\214le attrib)108 696 R .134 | |
8868edaf CR |
4432 | (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E |
4433 | F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 | |
74091dd4 | 4434 | (commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 708 Q .197 |
8868edaf CR |
4435 | (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 |
4436 | (guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4437 | -.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q |
4438 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(34)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4439 | %%Page: 35 35 | |
4440 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4441 | BP | |
4442 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4443 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4444 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .235 | |
4445 | (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 84 R .234 | |
4446 | (wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 | |
4447 | E F0 .234(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-) | |
4448 | .15 F .424(cially when the)108 96 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e) | |
4449 | -2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which) | |
4450 | 2.925 F F1(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these) | |
4451 | -.15 F .345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emul\ | |
4452 | ate them internally with this beha)108 108 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y) | |
4453 | -.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 | |
4454 | (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 120 R F2(/de)3.305 E | |
4455 | (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F2(n) | |
4456 | 3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F2 | |
8868edaf | 4457 | (\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 |
74091dd4 CR |
4458 | (ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 132 R F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stdin) |
4459 | -.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r)-2.529 E F2 | |
8868edaf | 4460 | (/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 |
74091dd4 | 4461 | (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G |
8868edaf | 4462 | (ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 |
17345e5a | 4463 | (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) |
74091dd4 CR |
4464 | 108 160.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) |
4465 | -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 172.8 | |
4466 | Q 1.096(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 | |
4467 | E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) | |
8868edaf | 4468 | 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 |
74091dd4 CR |
4469 | E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 |
4470 | 202.8 Q F1<ad61>108 226.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S | |
4471 | (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 | |
4472 | 238.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 | |
4473 | E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 | |
4474 | 250.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 250.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 | |
4475 | E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1 | |
4476 | <ad64>108 262.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 262.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4477 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1 | |
4478 | <ad65>108 274.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 274.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4479 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 286.8 Q F2 | |
4480 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 286.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4481 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 298.8 | |
4482 | Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 298.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4483 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 310.8 Q F2 | |
4484 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 310.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4485 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 322.8 Q F2 | |
4486 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 322.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
8868edaf | 4487 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G |
74091dd4 CR |
4488 | (it is set.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 334.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 |
4489 | 334.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4490 | (ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1<ad72>108 346.8 Q F2(\214le) | |
4491 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 346.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 | |
4492 | G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 358.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4493 | -.35(Tr)144 358.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4494 | (ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 370.8 Q F2(fd) | |
4495 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 370.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E | |
4496 | F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 382.8 Q F2 | |
4497 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 382.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4498 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 | |
4499 | 394.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 394.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 | |
4500 | E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 406.8 Q F2 | |
4501 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 406.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4502 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 | |
4503 | 418.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 418.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 | |
4504 | E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 | |
4505 | E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 430.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E | |
4506 | F0 -.35(Tr)144 430.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4507 | (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 442.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E | |
4508 | F0 -.35(Tr)144 442.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4509 | (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 | |
4510 | <ad4f>108 454.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 454.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4511 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E | |
4512 | (fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 466.8 Q F2 | |
4513 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4514 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 478.8 Q F1 | |
4515 | (\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 490.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4516 | (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 | |
4517 | E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 502.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1 | |
4518 | (nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 514.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 | |
4519 | E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 | |
4520 | (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 | |
4521 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 | |
4522 | (\214le1)108 526.8 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 | |
4523 | 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) | |
4524 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 | |
4525 | G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 550.8 Q | |
4526 | F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 | |
4527 | F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 | |
4528 | (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> | |
4529 | 2.763 E F0(option to the)144 574.8 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
4530 | (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 586.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 | |
4531 | -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname) | |
4532 | 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52> | |
4533 | 108 610.8 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if the shell v) | |
4534 | .35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 | |
4535 | (is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 634.8 Q F2(string) | |
4536 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E | |
4537 | F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string)108 658.8 Q F1<ad6e>108 670.8 Q F2(string) | |
4538 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E | |
4539 | F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2(string1)108 699.6 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 | |
4540 | E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(35)185.115 E 0 Cg | |
4541 | EP | |
4542 | %%Page: 36 36 | |
d233b485 CR |
4543 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4544 | BP | |
4545 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4546 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
4547 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 |
4548 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)2.5 E F1 | |
4549 | (string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S .862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 | |
4550 | F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E | |
4551 | F0 .861(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the) | |
4552 | 144 108 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 | |
8868edaf | 4553 | (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 |
74091dd4 CR |
4554 | -.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 120 Q F0(\).)A F1 |
4555 | (string1)108 136.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 148.8 S | |
4556 | (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 165.6 Q F2(<)2.5 | |
4557 | E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 177.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E | |
4558 | F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 | |
4559 | E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 194.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 | |
4560 | (Tr)144 206.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 | |
4561 | (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 | |
4562 | 223.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4563 | (OP)144 235.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 | |
4564 | (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A | |
4565 | F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 | |
4566 | (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 | |
8868edaf | 4567 | (ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ |
74091dd4 CR |
4568 | s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 247.2 |
4569 | R F1(ar)144 259.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 | |
4570 | G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F1(ar)3.92 E(g2) | |
8868edaf CR |
4571 | -.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 |
4572 | G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
4573 | 3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 |
4574 | (command,)144 271.2 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 | |
4575 | E(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 | |
8868edaf | 4576 | (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 |
74091dd4 CR |
4577 | (ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 283.2 Q F0(abo) |
4578 | 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4579 | (SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 300 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 | |
4580 | (When a simple command is e)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 | |
4581 | (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 | |
4582 | (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F | |
4583 | (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 324 Q(wing order)-.25 E | |
4584 | (.)-.55 E(1.)108 340.8 Q 1.848(The w)144 340.8 R 1.848 | |
8868edaf CR |
4585 | (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 |
4586 | (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
4587 | (name\) and redirections are sa)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G |
4588 | (or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 369.6 Q .18(The w)144 369.6 R .18 | |
8868edaf CR |
4589 | (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 |
4590 | (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15 | |
4591 | F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e) | |
74091dd4 | 4592 | 144 381.6 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F |
8868edaf | 4593 | .347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347 |
74091dd4 CR |
4594 | (ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 393.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 410.4 Q |
4595 | (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 410.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) | |
4596 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) | |
4597 | 108 427.2 Q .717(The te)144 427.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 | |
4598 | E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 | |
4599 | (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E | |
4600 | .339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 439.2 R .339 | |
17345e5a | 4601 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 |
74091dd4 CR |
4602 | (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 451.2 Q |
4603 | .587(If no command name results, the v)108 468 R .586 | |
4604 | (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F | |
4605 | 3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \ | |
4606 | \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ | |
4607 | ssignment statements)108 480 R .835(are performed before redirections.) | |
4608 | 108 492 R .835(Otherwise, the v)5.835 F .835 | |
4609 | (ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 | |
4610 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 | |
4611 | (fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E | |
4612 | 3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .839 | |
4613 | (he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 516 S | |
4614 | (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) | |
4615 | -.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 | |
4616 | (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R | |
4617 | .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 | |
4618 | (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 | |
0001803f | 4619 | Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 |
74091dd4 | 4620 | (If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) |
17345e5a | 4621 | -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4622 | 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 |
4623 | 573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 | |
4624 | (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 | |
4625 | (xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 | |
4626 | (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 | |
4627 | (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 | |
4628 | Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 | |
4629 | .547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 | |
17345e5a | 4630 | (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 |
74091dd4 CR |
4631 | F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E |
4632 | (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ | |
4633 | mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 | |
17345e5a | 4634 | (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) |
74091dd4 CR |
4635 | 108 667.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G |
4636 | .246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) | |
4637 | 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F | |
4638 | (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 | |
17345e5a | 4639 | (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
4640 | (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 |
4641 | (If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 | |
4642 | (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 | |
4643 | (searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) | |
4644 | -.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4645 | .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 | |
4646 | (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 | |
4647 | 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E | |
4648 | F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) | |
4649 | -.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 | |
4650 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4651 | %%Page: 37 37 | |
d233b485 CR |
4652 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4653 | BP | |
4654 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4655 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
4656 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 |
4657 | (search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) | |
4658 | 3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 | |
4659 | (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F | |
4660 | .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ | |
4661 | a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4662 | (command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C | |
4663 | 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in) | |
4664 | -.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005 | |
4665 | (eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 | |
4666 | (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 | |
4667 | (and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G | |
4668 | .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 | |
4669 | (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F | |
4670 | .263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\ | |
4671 | \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 | |
4672 | (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ | |
4673 | l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 | |
4674 | 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 | |
4675 | (named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 | |
4676 | (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 | |
4677 | (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 | |
4678 | (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 184.8 Q | |
4679 | (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 | |
4680 | (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 201.6 R | |
4681 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048 | |
4682 | (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049 | |
4683 | (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G | |
4684 | 3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .143(sumed to be a)108 | |
4685 | 213.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643 | |
4686 | (,a\214)C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne) | |
4687 | -2.643 F 2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 | |
4688 | 225.6 S .136(cute it.).15 F .136 | |
4689 | (This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.136 F .137 | |
4690 | (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.637(ws)-.25 G .137(hell had been in)-2.637 | |
4691 | F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.637(dt).1 G 2.637(oh)-2.637 G(andle)-2.637 | |
4692 | E .866(the script, with the e)108 237.6 R .866 | |
4693 | (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) | |
4694 | -.15 F F2(hash)3.365 E F0(belo)3.365 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 249.6 Q F1 | |
4695 | (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\)) | |
4696 | A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347 | |
4697 | (If the program is a \214le be)108 266.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F2 | |
4698 | (#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ | |
4699 | \214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 278.4 R | |
4700 | .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\ | |
4701 | ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4702 | (cutable).15 E .206(format themselv)108 290.4 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar) | |
4703 | 2.706 E .206(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar) | |
4704 | -.18 F .206(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .268 | |
4705 | (terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 302.4 R | |
4706 | .267(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .267(wed by the com-) | |
4707 | -.25 F(mand ar)108 314.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 | |
4708 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 331.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 | |
4709 | (The shell has an)108 343.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E | |
4710 | (onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 | |
4711 | E<83>108 360 Q 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 360 R | |
4712 | -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.406 | |
4713 | (cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec) | |
4714 | 3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 372 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 388.8 Q(the current w)144 | |
4715 | 388.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.5 | |
4716 | E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G | |
4717 | (nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 | |
4718 | 405.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 405.6 Q F2(umask)2.5 | |
4719 | E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83> | |
4720 | 108 422.4 Q(current traps set by)144 422.4 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 | |
4721 | 439.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 439.2 R .256 | |
4722 | (ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .256 | |
4723 | (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E | |
4724 | (in the en)144 451.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 468 Q | |
4725 | (shell functions de\214ned during e)144 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
0001803f | 4726 | (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G |
74091dd4 CR |
4727 | (arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 484.8 Q |
4728 | (options enabled at in)144 484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) | |
4729 | .2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set) | |
4730 | 2.5 E F0<83>108 501.6 Q(options enabled by)144 501.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
4731 | <83>108 518.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 518.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E | |
4732 | F0<83>108 535.2 Q -.25(va)144 535.2 S | |
a0c0a00f | 4733 | (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
4734 | (alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E |
4735 | F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 552 R | |
4736 | .427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 | |
4737 | (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) | |
4738 | -2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 564 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 | |
17345e5a | 4739 | (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4740 | .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F |
4741 | (the shell.)108 576 Q<83>108 592.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 592.8 R 3.555 | |
4742 | (so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 | |
17345e5a | 4743 | (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) |
74091dd4 CR |
4744 | -3.556 F(mand)144 604.8 Q<83>108 621.6 Q(the current w)144 621.6 Q |
4745 | (orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 638.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 | |
4746 | 638.4 Q<83>108 655.2 Q .857(shell v)144 655.2 R .857 | |
a0c0a00f | 4747 | (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 |
17345e5a | 4748 | (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 |
74091dd4 CR |
4749 | (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 667.2 Q(vironment) |
4750 | -.4 E<83>108 684 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 | |
4751 | 684 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 | |
4752 | (arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 696 Q | |
4753 | 2.5(Ac)108 712.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G | |
4754 | 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E | |
17345e5a | 4755 | (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
4756 | (vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 729.6 Q F3(subshell)2.5 E F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5 |
4757 | (yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
4758 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(37)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4759 | %%Page: 38 38 | |
4760 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4761 | BP | |
4762 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4763 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4764 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .577(Command subs\ | |
4765 | titution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands \ | |
4766 | are in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744 | |
4767 | (as)108 96 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 F .244 | |
4768 | (vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245(vironment, e) | |
4769 | -.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .359 | |
4770 | (reset to the v)108 108 R .358 | |
17345e5a | 4771 | (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 |
74091dd4 CR |
4772 | G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) |
4773 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 120 R | |
4774 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 | |
4775 | (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) | |
4776 | -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 132 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 | |
4777 | (xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 | |
4778 | 148.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 | |
17345e5a | 4779 | (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4780 | /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) |
4781 | 3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
4782 | (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E | |
4783 | F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 177.6 | |
4784 | R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) | |
4785 | 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 | |
4786 | (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 | |
4787 | 189.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 | |
4788 | (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 | |
4789 | (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F | |
4790 | (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4791 | (ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 230.4 | |
8868edaf CR |
4792 | R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) |
4793 | -4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 | |
74091dd4 CR |
4794 | (rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 |
4795 | E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q | |
4796 | F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 | |
4797 | (value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F | |
8868edaf CR |
4798 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F |
4799 | 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 | |
74091dd4 | 4800 | (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ |
8868edaf | 4801 | nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ |
74091dd4 CR |
4802 | r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F |
4803 | 2.704(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F | |
8868edaf | 4804 | 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) |
74091dd4 CR |
4805 | 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 |
4806 | (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 | |
4807 | (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 295.2 R | |
8868edaf | 4808 | 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 |
74091dd4 CR |
4809 | (alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 |
4810 | (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 | |
4811 | (alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 | |
4812 | (vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E | |
4813 | .32(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 | |
8868edaf | 4814 | (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 |
74091dd4 CR |
4815 | (nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 |
4816 | (alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R | |
4817 | 3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G | |
4818 | 3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) | |
4819 | 3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E | |
4820 | F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E | |
4821 | F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 360 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) | |
4822 | -.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 | |
8868edaf | 4823 | (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4824 | .203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) |
4825 | -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 | |
4826 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F | |
4827 | .202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) | |
4828 | -.4 E .81(If the)108 400.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81 | |
4829 | (option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 | |
4830 | (iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 | |
4831 | (parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 412.8 Q | |
8868edaf | 4832 | (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) |
74091dd4 CR |
4833 | -.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
4834 | (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) | |
4835 | -3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 | |
ac50fbac | 4836 | (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4837 | (passed to that command in its en)108 441.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 |
4838 | (EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 470.4 R | |
4839 | .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) | |
4840 | .15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 | |
4841 | (system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 | |
4842 | (tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 | |
4843 | (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F | |
4844 | 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 | |
4845 | F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G | |
4846 | .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 | |
a0c0a00f | 4847 | (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4848 | (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 |
4849 | 506.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 | |
4850 | (Fo)108 523.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G | |
4851 | .873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F | |
4852 | .873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 | |
4853 | (xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.548(An) | |
4854 | 5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 | |
4855 | (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) | |
4856 | -2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) | |
4857 | 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E | |
4858 | (xit status.)-.15 E .405 | |
4859 | (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 564 R | |
4860 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 | |
4861 | (If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) | |
4862 | -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 592.8 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4863 | Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E |
4864 | (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4865 | -.15 E .08(Shell b)108 609.6 R .08 |
4866 | (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C | |
4867 | 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 | |
4868 | 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) | |
4869 | -2.581 F(the)108 621.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 | |
4870 | (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 | |
a0c0a00f | 4871 | (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
4872 | (va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 |
4873 | E(The e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) | |
4874 | -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 667.2 Q F0 | |
4875 | .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e) | |
4876 | -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 | |
4877 | (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 679.2 | |
8868edaf | 4878 | Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
4879 | (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 |
4880 | (SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 | |
8868edaf CR |
4881 | (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G |
4882 | .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) | |
74091dd4 CR |
4883 | -2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0) |
4884 | 2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.215 | |
4885 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915 | |
4886 | (is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
4887 | 3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F | |
4888 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(38)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
4889 | %%Page: 39 39 | |
4890 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4891 | BP | |
4892 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4893 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4894 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4895 | SF(bash)108 84 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT) | |
4896 | -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,) | |
4897 | -.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT) | |
4898 | 2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0(Non-b) | |
4899 | 108 100.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha) | |
4900 | 3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F | |
4901 | 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) | |
4902 | 108 112.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 | |
4903 | (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) | |
4904 | 2.998 E F2(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 | |
4905 | (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 124.8 R .653 | |
4906 | (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F | |
4907 | -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 136.8 Q F2 | |
4908 | (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 | |
4909 | (SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.045 | |
4910 | (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)4.545 E | |
4911 | F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 | |
4912 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 | |
4913 | 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 | |
4914 | (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F2(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 | |
4915 | (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 | |
4916 | (ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) | |
4917 | 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ | |
4918 | to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 | |
4919 | G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) | |
4920 | 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 | |
4921 | (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E | |
4922 | 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 | |
4923 | (SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A | |
4924 | .166(If the)108 218.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 | |
8868edaf | 4925 | (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) |
74091dd4 | 4926 | 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 |
a0c0a00f | 4927 | (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 |
74091dd4 | 4928 | 230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F |
8868edaf CR |
4929 | .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
4930 | 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) | |
74091dd4 | 4931 | -3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 |
d233b485 | 4932 | (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E |
74091dd4 CR |
4933 | F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 |
4934 | (via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ | |
8868edaf | 4935 | reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F |
74091dd4 CR |
4936 | F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F |
4937 | (turn immediately with an e)108 283.2 Q | |
d233b485 | 4938 | (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
4939 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and) |
4940 | 108 300 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) | |
4941 | -.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 | |
4942 | Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105 | |
4943 | (board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 | |
4944 | (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 | |
4945 | (hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108 | |
4946 | 324 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ | |
4947 | me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 336 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 | |
4948 | (sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) | |
4949 | 2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3 | |
4950 | (is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
4951 | (s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 | |
4952 | F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 364.8 R .809 | |
4953 | (aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 | |
4954 | (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F | |
4955 | F2(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .003 | |
4956 | (If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.503 E F3 | |
4957 | (,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .002 | |
4958 | (concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F | |
4959 | (script, and acts on the)144 405.6 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 | |
4960 | (\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E | |
4961 | (xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .288 | |
4962 | (If the command does not terminate due to)144 422.4 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E | |
4963 | F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289 | |
4964 | (itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 | |
4965 | (atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 | |
4966 | (does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 | |
4967 | (atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771 | |
4968 | (stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G | |
4969 | 3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G | |
4970 | .772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41 | |
4971 | (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 | |
4972 | 458.4 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E | |
4973 | F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144 | |
4974 | 470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.788 E F3(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F | |
4975 | 3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25 | |
4976 | G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-) | |
4977 | -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 482.4 Q(.)-.65 E | |
4978 | /F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 499.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 | |
4979 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol) | |
4980 | -.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
4981 | .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F | |
4982 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 | |
4983 | (re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15 | |
4984 | (xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 | |
8868edaf CR |
4985 | (ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 |
4986 | (acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 | |
74091dd4 | 4987 | (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 535.2 Q |
8868edaf | 4988 | (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
4989 | G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 552 R |
4990 | F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F | |
8868edaf | 4991 | .784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 |
74091dd4 CR |
4992 | (cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) |
4993 | 2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 | |
4994 | (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E | |
4995 | (ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q | |
4996 | (e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 592.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ | |
4997 | mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ | |
4998 | ciated)108 609.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .733 | |
495aee44 | 4999 | (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) |
74091dd4 CR |
5000 | 5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) |
5001 | 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8 | |
5002 | (To f)108 650.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) | |
5003 | .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 | |
5004 | F 1.537(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37 | |
5005 | F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538 | |
5006 | (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 | |
17345e5a | 5007 | (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
5008 | 674.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 |
5009 | (board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 686.4 Q | |
5010 | F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for) | |
5011 | 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E | |
5012 | (kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 | |
5013 | F .146(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 | |
8868edaf CR |
5014 | (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 |
5015 | (board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5016 | (ground processes are allo)108 710.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F |
5017 | 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 | |
5018 | 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) | |
5019 | -2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 | |
5020 | (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 | |
8868edaf | 5021 | (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5022 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(39)185.115 E 0 Cg EP |
5023 | %%Page: 40 40 | |
5024 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5025 | BP | |
5026 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5027 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5028 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .717 | |
5029 | (terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) | |
5030 | 3.217 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218 | |
5031 | (st)-.55 G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H | |
5032 | .718(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.088 | |
5033 | (If the operating system on which)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
5034 | (bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) | |
8868edaf | 5035 | 3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 |
74091dd4 CR |
5036 | (Ty)108 124.8 S .301(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141 |
5037 | E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 | |
17345e5a | 5038 | (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 |
74091dd4 CR |
5039 | F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 |
5040 | 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 | |
5041 | 2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C | |
8868edaf | 5042 | (ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ |
495aee44 | 5043 | mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 |
74091dd4 | 5044 | 148.8 R(to)108 160.8 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 |
17345e5a | 5045 | (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5046 | F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 |
5047 | (background, the)108 172.8 R F2(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 | |
5048 | (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F2 | |
5049 | (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F2(^Z)2.67 E F0 | |
5050 | (tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.919 | |
8868edaf | 5051 | (,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 |
17345e5a | 5052 | (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) |
74091dd4 CR |
5053 | 108 196.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 213.6 R .777 |
5054 | (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 | |
5055 | (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 225.6 | |
5056 | Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957 | |
5057 | (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 | |
17345e5a JA |
5058 | (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ |
5059 | ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) | |
74091dd4 | 5060 | 108 237.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E |
8868edaf | 5061 | F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
5062 | 249.6 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F2(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) |
5063 | -5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885 | |
5064 | E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 261.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) | |
5065 | -5.194 E F2(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 | |
8868edaf | 5066 | (he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194 |
74091dd4 | 5067 | (ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 |
8868edaf | 5068 | (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 |
74091dd4 | 5069 | (substring matches more than one job,)108 273.6 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0 |
8868edaf | 5070 | .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5071 | F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') |
5072 | 2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.832 E .133 | |
8868edaf CR |
5073 | (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 |
5074 | (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) | |
5075 | -.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5076 | 297.6 R F3(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 |
5077 | (may be referenced using)2.806 F F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) | |
5078 | -5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F2(%+)2.575 E F0(and) | |
5079 | 2.575 E F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 | |
5080 | (be used to refer to that job)108 309.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 | |
5081 | G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 | |
8868edaf | 5082 | (jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
5083 | 321.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 |
5084 | (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.533 | |
8868edaf CR |
5085 | E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 |
5086 | (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5087 | 333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 |
5088 | (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 350.4 R | |
5089 | (ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) | |
5090 | -.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C | |
8868edaf | 5091 | (ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 |
74091dd4 | 5092 | 362.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 |
8868edaf | 5093 | (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5094 | (equi)108 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') |
5095 | .63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 R | |
8868edaf | 5096 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) |
74091dd4 | 5097 | 5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 |
8868edaf | 5098 | (its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 |
74091dd4 | 5099 | (prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G |
8868edaf | 5100 | .158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 |
74091dd4 CR |
5101 | (ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F2<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 |
5102 | (option to)2.657 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 | |
5103 | (iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 | |
8868edaf | 5104 | (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
5105 | (ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F |
5106 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 427.2 Q(xits.) | |
5107 | -.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.533 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 5108 | .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532 |
74091dd4 CR |
5109 | (ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 |
5110 | (shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 456 R F2 | |
8868edaf CR |
5111 | (shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 |
5112 | (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 | |
74091dd4 | 5113 | (arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 |
8868edaf | 5114 | (option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) |
74091dd4 | 5115 | 108 468 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 |
8868edaf | 5116 | (command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) |
74091dd4 | 5117 | 5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 |
17345e5a JA |
5118 | (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 |
5119 | (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
5120 | (and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 |
5121 | (When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .645 | |
5122 | (aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
5123 | 3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 | |
5124 | (will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 | |
5125 | <ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 | |
8868edaf | 5126 | (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5127 | (fore returning.)108 532.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 549.6 Q |
5128 | (OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 | |
5129 | (cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E | |
5130 | F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 | |
8868edaf | 5131 | (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 |
74091dd4 CR |
5132 | (and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 |
5133 | (when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F2(Bash)5.428 E | |
5134 | F0(displays)2.928 E F1(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 | |
5135 | (it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5136 | .038(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.537 E | |
8868edaf | 5137 | F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 |
74091dd4 CR |
5138 | (efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2<ad78> |
5139 | 3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) | |
d233b485 CR |
5140 | 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) |
5141 | -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5142 | as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 |
5143 | (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 621.6 Q F2(\\d)144 633.6 Q F0 | |
5144 | (the date in "W)180 633.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E | |
5145 | (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 645.6 Q F3(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 | |
5146 | 657.6 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime) | |
5147 | 3.927 E F0 1.427 | |
5148 | (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 | |
5149 | 669.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 | |
5150 | (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E | |
5151 | (The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 681.6 Q F0 | |
5152 | (an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 681.6 Q F2(\\h)144 693.6 Q F0 | |
5153 | (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 693.6 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 705.6 | |
5154 | Q F0(the hostname)180 705.6 Q F2(\\j)144 717.6 Q F0 | |
5155 | (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 717.6 Q | |
5156 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(40)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5157 | %%Page: 41 41 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5158 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5159 | BP | |
5160 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 5161 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8868edaf | 5162 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
74091dd4 CR |
5163 | SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 84 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G |
5164 | (erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 96 Q F0(ne)180 96 Q | |
5165 | (wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0(carriage return)180 108 Q F1(\\s)144 | |
5166 | 120 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 120 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 5167 | (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
5168 | 132 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 132 Q F1(\\T) |
5169 | 144 144 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 144 Q F1 | |
5170 | (\\@)144 156 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 156 Q F1 | |
5171 | (\\A)144 168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 168 Q F1 | |
5172 | (\\u)144 180 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 | |
5173 | 192 Q F0(the v)180 192 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
5174 | (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)180 204 Q F1 | |
8868edaf | 5175 | (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
5176 | (l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .119(the v)180 216 |
5177 | R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 | |
5178 | (ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
5179 | ($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F | |
5180 | (the v)180 228 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM) | |
5181 | -.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 240 Q F0 | |
5182 | (the basename of)180 240 Q F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F2 | |
5183 | ($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 252 Q | |
5184 | F0(the history number of this command)180 252 Q F1(\\#)144 264 Q F0 | |
5185 | (the command number of this command)180 264 Q F1(\\$)144 276 Q F0 | |
5186 | (if the ef)180 276 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E | |
5187 | F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 288 Q/F3 10 | |
5188 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 | |
5189 | (the character corresponding to the octal number)180 288 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E | |
5190 | F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 300 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q | |
5191 | F0(be)180 312 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ | |
5192 | could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F | |
5193 | (control sequence into the prompt)180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0 | |
5194 | (end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .119 | |
5195 | (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 352.8 R | |
8868edaf CR |
5196 | .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ |
5197 | in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5198 | ory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 |
5199 | (be-)2.796 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ | |
8868edaf | 5200 | osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 |
74091dd4 | 5201 | (cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 |
8868edaf CR |
5202 | (After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 |
5203 | (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) | |
74091dd4 | 5204 | -.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 |
8868edaf CR |
5205 | F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F |
5206 | F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-) | |
74091dd4 CR |
5207 | 3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198 |
5208 | (command under)3.698 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 | |
8868edaf CR |
5209 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197 |
5210 | (can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) | |
74091dd4 | 5211 | 108 424.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ |
8868edaf | 5212 | command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
5213 | 436.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) |
5214 | 72 453.6 Q F0 .151 | |
17345e5a | 5215 | (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) |
74091dd4 CR |
5216 | 108 465.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 |
5217 | (\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 | |
8868edaf CR |
5218 | (ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 |
5219 | (vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 | |
5220 | (editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F1<ad65>2.885 E F0 .385 | |
5221 | (option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G | |
74091dd4 | 5222 | 2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.407 |
8868edaf CR |
5223 | (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F |
5224 | 3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 | |
74091dd4 | 5225 | (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 |
17345e5a | 5226 | (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) |
8868edaf CR |
5227 | -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 |
5228 | .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E | |
74091dd4 | 5229 | (\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) |
8868edaf CR |
5230 | -.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) |
5231 | -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 | |
5232 | (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
5233 | (emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 |
5234 | (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q | |
495aee44 | 5235 | F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) |
74091dd4 CR |
5236 | 108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) |
5237 | 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A | |
5238 | 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) | |
5239 | -.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) | |
5240 | -.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 | |
5241 | (\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .83 | |
5242 | (yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 | |
5243 | (y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 | |
8868edaf | 5244 | (,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 |
74091dd4 CR |
5245 | (hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H |
5246 | .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F | |
5247 | (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 | |
5248 | .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) | |
8868edaf | 5249 | -3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 |
74091dd4 CR |
5250 | (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H |
5251 | (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) | |
5252 | .65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 | |
5253 | (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G | |
8868edaf | 5254 | .596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E |
74091dd4 | 5255 | (ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) |
8868edaf | 5256 | .4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 |
17345e5a JA |
5257 | (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) |
5258 | .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5259 | (ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 |
5260 | (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C | |
5261 | 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 | |
5262 | (ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q | |
5263 | (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) | |
5264 | -.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 | |
17345e5a | 5265 | (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 |
8868edaf | 5266 | (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 |
74091dd4 CR |
5267 | (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 |
5268 | (yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F | |
5269 | .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 | |
17345e5a JA |
5270 | .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H |
5271 | .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) | |
74091dd4 CR |
5272 | -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 |
5273 | (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 | |
17345e5a | 5274 | (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) |
74091dd4 CR |
5275 | 108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(41)185.115 E |
5276 | 0 Cg EP | |
5277 | %%Page: 42 42 | |
5278 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5279 | BP | |
5280 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5281 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5282 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5283 | SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\ | |
5284 | tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10 | |
5285 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 | |
5286 | F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 108 R .573 | |
5287 | (en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
5288 | (INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v) | |
5289 | 3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F2 | |
5290 | (~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat) | |
5291 | -3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 120 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562 | |
5292 | (xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F2 | |
5293 | (/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 | |
8868edaf | 5294 | (hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5295 | the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .474 -.15(ey b) |
5296 | -.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 | |
5297 | (There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 144 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 | |
8868edaf CR |
5298 | (asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 |
5299 | (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 | |
5300 | (Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5301 | (ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 |
5302 | (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 | |
8868edaf | 5303 | (indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 |
74091dd4 CR |
5304 | F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) |
5305 | -.25 E .986(The def)108 184.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 | |
5306 | (-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 | |
5307 | 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) | |
5308 | 3.487 F(add their o)108 196.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 | |
5309 | (Fo)108 213.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E | |
5310 | (M\255Control\255u: uni)144 230.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E | |
5311 | (gument)-.18 E(or)108 242.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 254.4 Q -.15(ve) | |
5312 | -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 266.4 Q F2(inputr) | |
5313 | 2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) | |
5314 | -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2(univer)2.58 E | |
5315 | (sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 283.2 R | |
5316 | 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU) | |
5317 | 3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)4.021 E | |
5318 | F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F2 | |
5319 | (RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 | |
5320 | E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E | |
5321 | F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 | |
5322 | (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 312 R .209(ws k)-.25 F | |
5323 | -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 | |
d233b485 | 5324 | (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) |
74091dd4 CR |
5325 | -.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 324 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 |
5326 | (Readline K)87 340.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 | |
5327 | (The syntax for controlling k)108 352.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 | |
5328 | (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 | |
d233b485 | 5329 | (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) |
74091dd4 | 5330 | 5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) |
8868edaf CR |
5331 | -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) |
5332 | .15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5333 | 376.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 |
5334 | (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) | |
5335 | 2.638 E F2(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 | |
5336 | (es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q | |
5337 | .16(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A | |
5338 | F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A | |
5339 | F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 | |
5340 | (ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) | |
5341 | -.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5342 | (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 453.6 Q | |
5343 | (ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .699 | |
5344 | (In the abo)108 482.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) | |
5345 | 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) | |
5346 | -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 | |
5347 | (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 494.4 Q F1 | |
5348 | (backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 | |
5349 | (C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 | |
8868edaf | 5350 | (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
5351 | 506.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 |
5352 | (into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.556 | |
5353 | E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) | |
5354 | 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 | |
5355 | (fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 | |
d233b485 | 5356 | (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 |
74091dd4 | 5357 | (denoting an entire k)108 535.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ |
17345e5a | 5358 | ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F |
74091dd4 | 5359 | (Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H |
d233b485 CR |
5360 | .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 |
5361 | (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F | |
74091dd4 | 5362 | (are not recognized.)108 559.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve) |
17345e5a | 5363 | -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E |
74091dd4 CR |
5364 | ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 595.2 Q |
5365 | ("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 | |
5366 | (In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) | |
5367 | 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 | |
5368 | G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 | |
5369 | .315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72> | |
5370 | .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) | |
5371 | 3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) | |
5372 | 2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 | |
5373 | 652.8 Q F1<5c43ad>144 664.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 664.8 Q F1<5c4dad> | |
5374 | 144 676.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 676.8 Q F1(\\e)144 688.8 Q F0 | |
5375 | (an escape character)180 688.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 700.8 Q F0(backslash)180 | |
5376 | 700.8 Q F1(\\")144 712.8 Q F0(literal ")180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 | |
5377 | Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(42)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5378 | %%Page: 43 43 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5379 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5380 | BP | |
5381 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5382 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5383 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5384 | SF<5c08>144 84 Q F0(literal \010)180 84 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs \ |
5385 | style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 100.8 | |
5386 | Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 112.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 | |
5387 | 112.8 Q F1(\\b)144 124.8 Q F0(backspace)180 124.8 Q F1(\\d)144 136.8 Q | |
5388 | F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 | |
5389 | (\\n)144 160.8 Q F0(ne)180 160.8 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 172.8 Q F0 | |
5390 | (carriage return)180 172.8 Q F1(\\t)144 184.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 | |
5391 | 184.8 Q F1(\\v)144 196.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 196.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 | |
5392 | (\\)144 208.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 | |
5393 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 208.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E | |
8868edaf | 5394 | (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 |
74091dd4 | 5395 | 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q |
8868edaf CR |
5396 | (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 |
5397 | (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 | |
74091dd4 | 5398 | (When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ |
8868edaf | 5399 | quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 |
74091dd4 | 5400 | (Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 |
8868edaf CR |
5401 | F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 |
5402 | (he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 | |
74091dd4 | 5403 | 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G |
8868edaf | 5404 | (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E |
74091dd4 | 5405 | F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F |
8868edaf CR |
5406 | .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) |
5407 | .15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 | |
74091dd4 | 5408 | (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 |
8868edaf CR |
5409 | (ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 |
5410 | (option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 | |
74091dd4 | 5411 | (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E |
8868edaf | 5412 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 5413 | (Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 |
8868edaf CR |
5414 | R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F |
5415 | (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5416 | (riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E |
5417 | F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 | |
5418 | (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 372 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
5419 | -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E |
5420 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 | |
74091dd4 | 5421 | (Except where noted, readline v)108 388.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F |
8868edaf CR |
5422 | 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 |
5423 | (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) | |
74091dd4 | 5424 | .05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 |
8868edaf CR |
5425 | (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) |
5426 | -.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 | |
74091dd4 | 5427 | (alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 |
8868edaf CR |
5428 | (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) |
5429 | 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 | |
5430 | F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 | |
5431 | (he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5432 | 424.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 441.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E |
5433 | (egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.73(As)144 453.6 S .23(tring v)-2.73 | |
5434 | F .23(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 | |
5435 | (xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .229 | |
5436 | (xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.526 | |
5437 | (gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) | |
5438 | -.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F | |
5439 | 1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.027(eu)-.1 G 4.027(pa)-4.027 G -.15 | |
5440 | (ny)-4.027 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .284 | |
5441 | (ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.784(,s)-.65 G 2.784 | |
5442 | (oi)-2.784 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .283 | |
5443 | (hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45 | |
5444 | (It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 489.6 R .45 | |
5445 | (xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95 | |
5446 | (ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .379 | |
5447 | (the def)144 501.6 R .379(ault v)-.1 F .379(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) | |
5448 | -.25 G 2.879(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.879 F .379 | |
5449 | (The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .378 | |
5450 | (alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .654 | |
5451 | (terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 513.6 R | |
5452 | 3.155(st)-.55 G .655(erminfo description.)-3.155 F 3.155(As)5.655 G .655 | |
5453 | (ample v)-3.155 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF | |
5454 | ("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108 537.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E | |
5455 | (egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.909(As)144 549.6 S 1.409(tring v) | |
5456 | -3.909 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F | |
5457 | F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 | |
5458 | 1.408(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 | |
5459 | (terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 561.6 R .216 | |
5460 | (xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 | |
5461 | (ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) | |
5462 | -2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.738(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.738 G 1.238 | |
5463 | (sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737 | |
5464 | (oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.237 | |
5465 | (hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.927(quences. It) | |
5466 | 144 585.6 R .427(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.927 | |
5467 | F .428(xt in the acti)-.15 F .728 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.928 | |
5468 | (ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.928 G .428(riable is).25 F .519 | |
5469 | (reset to the def)144 597.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F | |
5470 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F | |
5471 | .518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 | |
5472 | F .251(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ | |
5473 | erminal')144 609.6 R 2.752(st)-.55 G .252(erminfo description.)-2.752 F | |
5474 | (A)5.252 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E | |
5475 | F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .011 | |
5476 | (Controls what happens when readline w)144 645.6 R .011 | |
8868edaf CR |
5477 | (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 |
5478 | E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 | |
74091dd4 | 5479 | (rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 |
8868edaf CR |
5480 | 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) |
5481 | -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A | |
74091dd4 CR |
5482 | (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) |
5483 | -2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 .056 | |
5484 | (If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ | |
8868edaf | 5485 | s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F |
74091dd4 | 5486 | (ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 |
8868edaf | 5487 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) |
74091dd4 CR |
5488 | -.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E |
5489 | (43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5490 | %%Page: 44 44 | |
8868edaf CR |
5491 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5492 | BP | |
5493 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5494 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5495 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5496 | SF(blink\255matching\255par)108 84 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) |
5497 | 144 96 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo) | |
5498 | -2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 | |
5499 | (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F | |
5500 | (parenthesis is inserted.)144 108 Q F1(color)108 120 Q | |
5501 | (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) | |
5502 | 144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ | |
5503 | dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 | |
5504 | (completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) | |
5505 | -.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 | |
5506 | (en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 | |
5507 | (en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 | |
5508 | (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 | |
5509 | (for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ | |
5510 | ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ | |
5511 | \214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 192 | |
5512 | Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 | |
5513 | 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F | |
5514 | 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 | |
5515 | 216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) | |
5516 | -.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E | |
5517 | F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 | |
5518 | (The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 | |
5519 | (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5520 | 3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 | |
5521 | (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 | |
5522 | (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) | |
5523 | 108 264 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ | |
5524 | e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .193(The v)144 288 R | |
5525 | .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ | |
5526 | screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F | |
5527 | (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 300 Q(The def)5 E | |
5528 | (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 312 Q | |
5529 | (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C | |
d233b485 CR |
5530 | (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ |
5531 | siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 | |
74091dd4 | 5532 | (completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 348 R |
d233b485 CR |
5533 | F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E |
5534 | (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 | |
5535 | (yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 | |
74091dd4 | 5536 | (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 360 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G |
d233b485 CR |
5537 | (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E |
5538 | .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 | |
74091dd4 | 5539 | (completion\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 |
d233b485 | 5540 | .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5541 | ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.275 |
5542 | (without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 | |
d233b485 | 5543 | (alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 |
74091dd4 | 5544 | (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 408 S(lue are replaced with an \ |
d233b485 | 5545 | ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
5546 | (completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .529 |
5547 | (This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .53 | |
d233b485 | 5548 | (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) |
74091dd4 | 5549 | 144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 |
d233b485 | 5550 | F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) |
74091dd4 | 5551 | -.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 456 R |
a0c0a00f | 5552 | .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ |
74091dd4 | 5553 | the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .368 |
8868edaf CR |
5554 | (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F |
5555 | 2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5556 | (re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.172(Az) |
5557 | 5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F | |
5558 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 | |
5559 | E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q | |
5560 | F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) | |
5561 | 144 516 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F | |
5562 | -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) | |
5563 | .15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 | |
495aee44 | 5564 | (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) |
74091dd4 CR |
5565 | 144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F |
5566 | (e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 3.751(\). The)B(def)3.751 E 1.251(ault is) | |
5567 | -.1 F F2(On)3.751 E F0 3.751(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to) | |
5568 | -3.951 F F2(Of)3.75 E(f)-.18 E F0 1.25 | |
5569 | (if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)3.75 F 1.141(This v)144 | |
5570 | 552 R 1.141(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F0 | |
5571 | 1.141(locale cate)3.641 F(gory)-.15 E 3.641(,a)-.65 G 1.142 | |
5572 | (nd may change if the locale is)-3.641 F(changed.)144 564 Q F1 | |
5573 | (disable\255completion \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 588 R F1 | |
d233b485 | 5574 | (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 |
ac50fbac | 5575 | (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 |
0001803f | 5576 | (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) |
74091dd4 CR |
5577 | 144 600 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 |
5578 | (.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 612 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 | |
5579 | (When set to)144 624 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 | |
5580 | (perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 | |
0001803f | 5581 | (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5582 | (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 636 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G |
5583 | (board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 648 Q F0 .142 | |
5584 | (Controls whether readline be)144 660 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F | |
5585 | .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 | |
5586 | (or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 | |
5587 | (can be set to either)144 672 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E | |
5588 | F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 684 Q F0 .517(If the)144 696 | |
5589 | R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G | |
5590 | .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) | |
d233b485 | 5591 | .25 F .622 |
74091dd4 CR |
5592 | (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 708 |
5593 | R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F | |
5594 | .621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 720 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G | |
5595 | .839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F | |
5596 | .84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
5597 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(44)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5598 | %%Page: 45 45 | |
5599 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5600 | BP | |
5601 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5602 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5603 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(av)144 84 S | |
5604 | 2.798(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F | |
5605 | .298(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F | |
d233b485 | 5606 | (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) |
74091dd4 CR |
5607 | 144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255acti)108 108 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G |
5608 | <ad72>.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
5609 | (point)3.245 E F0 .746(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2 | |
5610 | (mark)3.246 E F0 .746(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 | |
5611 | G .746(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F | |
5612 | .344(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 132 R F2 -.37 | |
5613 | (re)2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 | |
5614 | (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-) | |
5615 | -2.844 F(lo)144 144 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 | |
5616 | F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) | |
5617 | -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 | |
5618 | (eadline high-)-2.598 F .971(lights the te)144 156 R .971(xt in the re) | |
5619 | -.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)3.47 | |
5620 | E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.47(,w)C .97 | |
5621 | (hich def)-3.47 F .97(aults to)-.1 F .484 | |
5622 | (the string that enables the terminal')144 168 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 | |
5623 | (tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 | |
5624 | (eg).15 G .485(ion sho).15 F .485(ws the te)-.25 F .485(xt inserted by) | |
5625 | -.15 F(brack)144 180 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) | |
5626 | -2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) | |
5627 | -.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 192 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .841 | |
5628 | (When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\ | |
5629 | gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf) | |
5630 | -.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \ | |
5631 | treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 216 R -.15 | |
5632 | (ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 228 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5633 | .659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158 | |
5634 | (ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H | |
5635 | .658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 240 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 | |
5636 | (enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 264 R | |
5637 | F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 | |
0001803f | 5638 | (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G |
d233b485 | 5639 | .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5640 | (tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 |
5641 | G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 | |
5642 | (When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 | |
0001803f CR |
5643 | (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 |
5644 | (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 | |
74091dd4 | 5645 | (he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q |
0001803f CR |
5646 | (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H |
5647 | 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 | |
74091dd4 | 5648 | (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 5649 | 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) |
74091dd4 CR |
5650 | -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 |
5651 | (ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.052 | |
8868edaf | 5652 | E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ |
74091dd4 | 5653 | e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 |
8868edaf | 5654 | G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
5655 | F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) |
5656 | 108 384 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R | |
5657 | -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) | |
5658 | -3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 | |
5659 | E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.982(we)-.25 G | |
5660 | .483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 | |
5661 | (set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 | |
5662 | (ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.278 F | |
8868edaf | 5663 | .277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 |
74091dd4 CR |
5664 | (alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F |
5665 | 3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 | |
5666 | (history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E | |
5667 | (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1 | |
5668 | (horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 | |
5669 | (When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 | |
d233b485 | 5670 | (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 |
17345e5a JA |
5671 | (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ |
5672 | when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ | |
74091dd4 | 5673 | ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 492 R |
8868edaf | 5674 | (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 5675 | (input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) |
8868edaf CR |
5676 | 3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ |
5677 | is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 | |
74091dd4 | 5678 | (characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 |
8868edaf | 5679 | (rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) |
74091dd4 | 5680 | 5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 540 S(ynon) |
8868edaf CR |
5681 | -2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E |
5682 | .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 | |
5683 | (ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5684 | (if the locale contains)2.864 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 552 R |
5685 | 1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1 | |
5686 | (LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.867(locale cate)4.367 F(gory)-.15 E 4.367(,a)-.65 | |
5687 | G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 564 Q F1 | |
5688 | (isear)108 576 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) | |
a0c0a00f | 5689 | -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5690 | ental search without subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E |
5691 | .934(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F | |
5692 | .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 | |
5693 | (alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 | |
d233b485 | 5694 | (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) |
74091dd4 CR |
5695 | 108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 |
5696 | 636 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 | |
5697 | (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 | |
5698 | (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 | |
5699 | (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 648 R F0 2.542(,a)C | |
8868edaf CR |
5700 | (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 |
5701 | (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) | |
74091dd4 CR |
5702 | 2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G |
5703 | .449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C | |
5704 | .449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) | |
5705 | 3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
5706 | (editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 672 | |
5707 | Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 684 S | |
5708 | (yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 696 R | |
d233b485 | 5709 | F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 |
74091dd4 CR |
5710 | (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) |
5711 | -.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 708 R .825 | |
8868edaf | 5712 | -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E |
74091dd4 CR |
5713 | 3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G |
5714 | .524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 720 R | |
8868edaf | 5715 | 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) |
74091dd4 CR |
5716 | 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F |
5717 | F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
5718 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(45)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5719 | %%Page: 46 46 | |
5720 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5721 | BP | |
5722 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5723 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5724 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .907 | |
5725 | (use the shorter b)144 84 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 | |
5726 | H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 | |
5727 | (lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F | |
5728 | .05(1000 means that)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G | |
5729 | (adline).37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05 | |
5730 | (ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05 | |
5731 | (ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 | |
5732 | (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 108 R(alue,)-.25 | |
5733 | E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 | |
5734 | (ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) | |
5735 | -2.551 E(to decide which k)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H | |
5736 | (equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 132 Q | |
5737 | (ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 144 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C | |
17345e5a | 5738 | (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) |
74091dd4 CR |
5739 | .15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 |
5740 | 168 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) | |
5741 | -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 | |
5742 | (*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 180 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E | |
5743 | (ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 192 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 5744 | 2.675(,c)C .175 |
17345e5a | 5745 | (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 |
74091dd4 CR |
5746 | -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 204 |
5747 | Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 | |
5748 | (match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 216 Q F0 .193(This v)144 228 R | |
5749 | .193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 | |
5750 | (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 | |
5751 | (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 | |
5752 | (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 240 R .456 | |
5753 | (If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) | |
5754 | -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F | |
5755 | (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 252 Q F2 | |
5756 | (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 264 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 | |
5757 | 1.586(If set to)144 276 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ | |
ac50fbac | 5758 | ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) |
74091dd4 CR |
5759 | -4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 288 Q |
5760 | (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 300 Q F0 | |
5761 | .506(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ | |
ac50fbac | 5762 | display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5763 | ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 324 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 |
5764 | (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C | |
5765 | .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 | |
5766 | (if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 336 R | |
5767 | 1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2 | |
5768 | (LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.867(locale cate)4.367 F(gory)-.15 E 4.367(,a)-.65 | |
5769 | G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 348 Q F2 | |
5770 | (page\255completions \(On\))108 360 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 372 R F2(On) | |
5771 | 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) | |
8868edaf | 5772 | 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 |
0001803f | 5773 | (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F |
74091dd4 CR |
5774 | (tions at a time.)144 384 Q F2 |
5775 | (print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .227 | |
5776 | (If set to)144 408 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ | |
5777 | lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) | |
5778 | -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 420 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E | |
5779 | (wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 432 T | |
5780 | (ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 444 R | |
5781 | F2(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 | |
17345e5a | 5782 | (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) |
74091dd4 | 5783 | -3.199 F F2(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 456 S |
17345e5a JA |
5784 | 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 |
5785 | (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5786 | (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 468 S(adline) |
5787 | .18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E | |
5788 | F0 .304(This alters the def)144 492 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 | |
5789 | (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) | |
d233b485 | 5790 | 2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H |
a0c0a00f | 5791 | (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5792 | isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 504 R(bell.)144 516 Q F2 |
5793 | (sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 | |
5794 | (This alters the def)144 540 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 | |
d233b485 | 5795 | (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) |
74091dd4 CR |
5796 | -.1 F F2(sho)144 552 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C |
5797 | 4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 | |
495aee44 | 5798 | (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 |
74091dd4 | 5799 | (ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 564 R 3.54 |
d233b485 CR |
5800 | (yp)-.15 G 1.039 |
5801 | (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F | |
5802 | 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5803 | es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 576 Q F2 |
5804 | (sho)108 588 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 | |
5805 | (If set to)144 600 R F2(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 | |
d233b485 CR |
5806 | (dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 |
5807 | (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
5808 | (command, or vi insertion.)144 612 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E |
5809 | (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F1(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2 | |
5810 | (skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 636 R | |
5811 | F2(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 | |
d233b485 | 5812 | (ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 |
74091dd4 | 5813 | (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 648 Q |
d233b485 CR |
5814 | 2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 |
5815 | (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 | |
5816 | F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5817 | the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 660 R |
5818 | 1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 672 Q | |
5819 | (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 | |
5820 | (vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 684 Q F0 .517(If the)144 | |
5821 | 696 R F1(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G | |
d233b485 CR |
5822 | .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) |
5823 | .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) | |
74091dd4 CR |
5824 | 144 708 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 |
5825 | (The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 720 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F | |
5826 | 3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 | |
5827 | (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 | |
5828 | (es and backslash)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 | |
5829 | E(46)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5830 | %%Page: 47 47 | |
5831 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5832 | BP | |
5833 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5834 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5835 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 | |
5836 | (escape sequences is a)144 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F | |
5837 | .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314 | |
5838 | (gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which can b\ | |
5839 | e used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 96 | |
5840 | Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 108 | |
5841 | Q F0 .517(If the)144 120 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
5842 | (show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 | |
d233b485 CR |
5843 | (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 |
5844 | F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5845 | 132 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) |
5846 | 5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 144 S .923(panded lik).15 F | |
8868edaf CR |
5847 | 3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 |
5848 | (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 | |
74091dd4 | 5849 | (es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 156 R -.25(va) |
8868edaf CR |
5850 | -.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F |
5851 | .244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ | |
5852 | be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 | |
74091dd4 | 5853 | 168 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 180 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 192 R |
8868edaf CR |
5854 | F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F |
5855 | 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 | |
5856 | (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B | |
74091dd4 CR |
5857 | (when listing possible completions.)144 204 Q F1 |
5858 | (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 220.8 Q F0 .05 | |
5859 | (Readline implements a f)108 232.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ | |
d233b485 | 5860 | he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 |
74091dd4 | 5861 | (which allo)108 244.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 |
17345e5a | 5862 | (indings and v).15 F .096 |
d233b485 | 5863 | (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 |
74091dd4 CR |
5864 | (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
5865 | (su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 273.6 Q F0(The)144 273.6 Q F1($if)2.963 | |
d233b485 CR |
5866 | E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ |
5867 | he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F | |
74091dd4 | 5868 | (or the application using readline.)144 285.6 Q(The te)5 E |
d233b485 | 5869 | (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E |
74091dd4 | 5870 | (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 297.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ |
d233b485 | 5871 | erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) |
74091dd4 | 5872 | 144 314.4 Q F0(The)180 314.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) |
d233b485 CR |
5873 | 3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 |
5874 | (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F | |
74091dd4 | 5875 | 3.065(mode. This)180 326.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) |
d233b485 | 5876 | 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 |
74091dd4 | 5877 | (command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 338.4 R |
d233b485 CR |
5878 | F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) |
5879 | 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F | |
74091dd4 | 5880 | (out in emacs mode.)180 350.4 Q F1(term)144 367.2 Q F0(The)180 367.2 Q |
d233b485 | 5881 | F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 |
495aee44 | 5882 | (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 |
74091dd4 | 5883 | (ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 379.2 R |
17345e5a JA |
5884 | .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 |
5885 | (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 | |
74091dd4 | 5886 | (wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 391.2 Q F1(=)3.232 |
a0c0a00f | 5887 | E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ |
74091dd4 CR |
5888 | minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 |
5889 | 403.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 5890 | (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E |
74091dd4 CR |
5891 | F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 420 S(rsion).1 E F0 |
5892 | (The)180 432 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 | |
d233b485 | 5893 | (test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 |
74091dd4 CR |
5894 | (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 444 Q F1 -.1 |
5895 | (ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 | |
8868edaf | 5896 | (pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 |
74091dd4 | 5897 | (set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 456 Q F1(=)3.063 E |
8868edaf CR |
5898 | F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A |
5899 | F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) | |
5900 | -3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 | |
5901 | (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5902 | (of the operator consists of a major v)180 468 R .318(ersion number)-.15 |
5903 | F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 | |
5904 | (ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 480 R | |
5905 | .1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 | |
8868edaf | 5906 | (ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) |
74091dd4 CR |
5907 | C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 492 R F1 |
5908 | -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 | |
5909 | (ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 504 Q F1 | |
5910 | (application)144 520.8 Q F0(The)180 532.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
5911 | .503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 |
5912 | F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 | |
74091dd4 | 5913 | 544.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 |
495aee44 | 5914 | (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 |
74091dd4 | 5915 | 556.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 |
495aee44 | 5916 | (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 |
74091dd4 | 5917 | (ci\214c program.)180 568.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 |
17345e5a | 5918 | (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
5919 | (ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 580.8 |
5920 | Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 604.8 Q F0 | |
5921 | (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 616.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) | |
5922 | -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 628.8 Q F1($endif)180 | |
5923 | 640.8 Q F2(variable)144 657.6 Q F0(The)180 669.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E | |
d233b485 CR |
5924 | F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 |
5925 | (vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) | |
5926 | -.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 | |
74091dd4 | 5927 | 681.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 |
d233b485 CR |
5928 | (!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 |
5929 | (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5930 | or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 693.6 R .13 |
5931 | (the v)180 705.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F | |
d233b485 | 5932 | .129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F |
74091dd4 | 5933 | (tested. Boolean v)180 717.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E |
d233b485 | 5934 | (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) |
74091dd4 CR |
5935 | -.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(47) |
5936 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
5937 | %%Page: 48 48 | |
5938 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5939 | BP | |
5940 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5941 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5942 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5943 | SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) | |
5944 | -.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 | |
5945 | ($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) | |
5946 | 2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5947 | (cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 | |
5948 | (This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 | |
d233b485 CR |
5949 | (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 |
5950 | (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) | |
74091dd4 CR |
5951 | 144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 |
5952 | -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 | |
5953 | E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 | |
5954 | E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 | |
17345e5a | 5955 | (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F |
8868edaf | 5956 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E |
74091dd4 | 5957 | .834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q |
8868edaf CR |
5958 | (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E |
5959 | (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 | |
74091dd4 | 5960 | E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 |
17345e5a | 5961 | (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F |
495aee44 | 5962 | .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 |
74091dd4 | 5963 | (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 |
17345e5a | 5964 | (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 |
495aee44 | 5965 | E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 |
74091dd4 | 5966 | (incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G |
ac50fbac CR |
5967 | .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F |
5968 | 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 | |
74091dd4 | 5969 | (acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) |
ac50fbac | 5970 | 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 |
17345e5a | 5971 | (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 |
74091dd4 | 5972 | (If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 |
17345e5a | 5973 | (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 |
74091dd4 | 5974 | F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ |
ac50fbac CR |
5975 | tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 |
5976 | (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
5977 | e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) |
5978 | 108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ | |
5979 | trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 | |
5980 | (search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5981 | (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 |
5982 | (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 | |
74091dd4 CR |
5983 | (.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H |
5984 | .174 | |
17345e5a | 5985 | (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 |
495aee44 | 5986 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E |
74091dd4 | 5987 | .541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 |
495aee44 | 5988 | (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
5989 | (xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q |
5990 | .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R | |
8868edaf | 5991 | .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) |
495aee44 | 5992 | -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E |
74091dd4 | 5993 | (ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G |
17345e5a | 5994 | (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) |
74091dd4 CR |
5995 | -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ |
5996 | re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ | |
5997 | h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ | |
5998 | rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 | |
5999 | (The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 | |
17345e5a JA |
6000 | (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 |
6001 | (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F | |
74091dd4 | 6002 | 3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 |
495aee44 CR |
6003 | (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 |
6004 | H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6005 | (the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E |
6006 | F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E | |
6007 | F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) | |
6008 | .15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 | |
17345e5a | 6009 | (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E |
8868edaf | 6010 | (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) |
74091dd4 CR |
6011 | 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 |
6012 | E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 | |
ac50fbac | 6013 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 6014 | (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 |
ac50fbac | 6015 | (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 |
74091dd4 | 6016 | 559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) |
ac50fbac | 6017 | -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6018 | (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) |
6019 | -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) | |
6020 | .25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) | |
ac50fbac CR |
6021 | .15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) |
6022 | -.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6023 | (ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q |
6024 | (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 | |
495aee44 CR |
6025 | (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 |
6026 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6027 | (characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 |
6028 | Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
ac50fbac CR |
6029 | (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 |
6030 | (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) | |
74091dd4 CR |
6031 | -.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 |
6032 | E(48)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6033 | %%Page: 49 49 | |
6034 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6035 | BP | |
6036 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6037 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6038 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6039 | SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 | |
6040 | (ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 | |
6041 | (vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 | |
6042 | (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q | |
6043 | F1(pr)108 120 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 | |
6044 | .891(Attempt to mo)144 132 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 | |
6045 | (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F | |
6046 | .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F 1.055 | |
6047 | (This will not ha)144 144 R 1.355 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.055(he desired ef) | |
6048 | .15 F 1.056(fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.556 | |
6049 | (eu)-.1 G 3.556(pm)-3.556 G 1.056(ore than one)-3.556 F(ph)144 156 Q(ys\ | |
6050 | ical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus\ | |
6051 | the screen width.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 168 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 | |
6052 | .638(Attempt to mo)144 180 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 | |
d233b485 | 6053 | (oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6054 | .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .194(will not ha) |
6055 | 144 192 R .494 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .194(he desired ef).15 F .194 | |
6056 | (fect if the current readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.695(eu)-.1 G | |
6057 | 2.695(pm)-2.695 G .195(ore than one ph)-2.695 F(ysical)-.05 E .164(line\ | |
6058 | or if the length of the current readline line is not greater than the \ | |
6059 | length of the prompt plus the)144 204 R(screen width.)144 216 Q F1 | |
6060 | (clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 228 Q F0 1.498 | |
6061 | (Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 240 R 3.999(ss) | |
8868edaf CR |
6062 | -.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G |
6063 | 1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6064 | (lea)144 252 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 |
6065 | (clear\255scr)108 264 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 | |
6066 | (Clear the screen, then redra)144 276 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 | |
8868edaf | 6067 | (he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36 |
74091dd4 CR |
6068 | (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 288 S |
6069 | (th an ar).4 E | |
8868edaf | 6070 | (gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6071 | -.18(re)108 300 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 |
6072 | (Refresh the current line.)144 312 Q F1(Commands f)87 328.8 Q | |
8868edaf | 6073 | (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 |
74091dd4 | 6074 | 340.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 352.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G |
8868edaf CR |
6075 | .158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 |
6076 | (If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 | |
6077 | (dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) | |
74091dd4 | 6078 | 144 364.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) |
8868edaf CR |
6079 | 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 |
6080 | (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6081 | (restore the history line to its original state.)144 376.8 Q F1(pr)108 |
6082 | 388.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 | |
6083 | (Fetch the pre)144 400.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 | |
6084 | E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 412.8 | |
6085 | Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 424.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 | |
6086 | E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 | |
6087 | (beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3 | |
6088 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) | |
6089 | -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 460.8 Q F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q | |
6090 | .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 | |
6091 | (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 | |
6092 | (operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 484.8 Q F0 .947 | |
6093 | (Accept the current line for e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 | |
6094 | (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 | |
6095 | (ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 | |
6096 | (history for editing.)144 508.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F | |
6097 | .729 | |
6098 | (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) | |
6099 | -.18 F(the current line.)144 520.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 532.8 Q F0 | |
6100 | -.4(Wi)144 544.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 | |
6101 | (gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) | |
6102 | -.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G | |
6103 | (th-).4 E(out an ar)144 556.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H | |
6104 | (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) | |
6105 | 108 568.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 | |
6106 | (Search backw)144 580.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) | |
6107 | -.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E | |
6108 | (This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 604.8 S | |
6109 | (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 | |
6110 | (Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) | |
6111 | -.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) | |
6112 | -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 628.8 Q F1 | |
6113 | (non\255incr)108 640.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H | |
6114 | (rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) | |
6115 | 144 652.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ | |
6116 | sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 664.8 S | |
6117 | (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 676.8 Q | |
6118 | (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 | |
6119 | E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ | |
6120 | a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 | |
6121 | 700.8 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(49) | |
6122 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6123 | %%Page: 50 50 | |
0001803f CR |
6124 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6125 | BP | |
6126 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 6127 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8868edaf | 6128 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
74091dd4 CR |
6129 | SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249 |
6130 | (Search forw)144 96 R .249(ard through the history for the string of ch\ | |
6131 | aracters between the start of the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 | |
6132 | 108 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 120 Q | |
6133 | (ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard through t\ | |
6134 | he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ | |
6135 | t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 144 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) | |
6136 | 5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 | |
6137 | .951(Search backw)144 168 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ | |
6138 | of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 | |
6139 | (line and the current cursor position \(the)144 180 R/F2 10 | |
6140 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 | |
6141 | (search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 | |
6142 | (line. This)144 192 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 | |
6143 | (history\255substring\255sear)108 204 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 | |
6144 | .249(Search forw)144 216 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ | |
6145 | of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 | |
6146 | (and the point.)144 228 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F | |
6147 | .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) | |
6148 | 5.319 F(search.)144 240 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 252 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G | |
6149 | <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 264 R .622 | |
d233b485 | 6150 | (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
6151 | F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 |
6152 | 276 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
6153 | 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 |
6154 | (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 | |
74091dd4 | 6155 | (ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 288 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 |
495aee44 CR |
6156 | (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) |
6157 | -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6158 | (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 |
6159 | (ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 300 R .281(vious command.) | |
6160 | -.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 | |
6161 | (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 | |
6162 | (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 312 Q | |
6163 | (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 324 Q | |
6164 | 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 | |
6165 | (Insert the last ar)144 336 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 | |
6166 | (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 | |
6167 | (vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 348 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 | |
6168 | F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) | |
6169 | -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 | |
6170 | E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E | |
6171 | (g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 360 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 | |
8868edaf | 6172 | (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 |
d233b485 | 6173 | (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E |
74091dd4 | 6174 | .416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 372 R(An)5.416 E |
8868edaf | 6175 | 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 |
74091dd4 CR |
6176 | (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 |
6177 | (alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 384 R 1.518 -.15 | |
8868edaf | 6178 | (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E |
74091dd4 | 6179 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 |
d233b485 | 6180 | (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 |
74091dd4 | 6181 | (through the history \(back or forw)144 396 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F |
d233b485 CR |
6182 | .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 |
6183 | (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6184 | 408 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) |
6185 | -.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 420 Q F0 .623 | |
6186 | (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 432 R .622 | |
6187 | (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 | |
6188 | (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 444 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 | |
8868edaf | 6189 | (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 |
a0c0a00f | 6190 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G |
17345e5a | 6191 | (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6192 | (history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 456 Q F0 .938 |
6193 | (Perform history e)144 468 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
8868edaf | 6194 | (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E |
74091dd4 CR |
6195 | (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) |
6196 | -3.439 F(tion of history e)144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) | |
6197 | 108 492 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 504 R .438 | |
6198 | (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 | |
6199 | (HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 | |
6200 | (be-)2.687 E(lo)144 516 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) | |
6201 | -2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 .394 | |
6202 | (Perform alias e)144 540 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
6203 | (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
6204 | .395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 552 Q F1 | |
6205 | (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 564 Q F0 | |
6206 | (Perform history and alias e)144 576 Q(xpansion on the current line.) | |
6207 | -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 588 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) | |
6208 | .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 600 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) | |
17345e5a | 6209 | -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6210 | (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(In)144 |
6211 | 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 | |
6212 | (ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 | |
6213 | (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E | |
6214 | (tempts to in)144 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 | |
6215 | E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) | |
6216 | 2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G | |
6217 | (hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E | |
6218 | (ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 664.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 | |
6219 | E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 676.8 | |
6220 | R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C | |
6221 | 3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .167 | |
6222 | (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 688.8 R | |
6223 | .167(ginning of the line, readline interprets it as)-.15 F | |
6224 | (the end of input and returns)144 700.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 | |
6225 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(50)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6226 | %%Page: 51 51 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6227 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6228 | BP | |
6229 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6230 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6231 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6232 | SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 |
6233 | (Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 | |
6234 | (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 | |
6235 | (EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 | |
6236 | E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
6237 | (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) | |
6238 | 108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 | |
6239 | (.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 | |
6240 | (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 | |
6241 | (he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 | |
6242 | (fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 | |
6243 | (Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 | |
6244 | (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F | |
6245 | (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 | |
6246 | (quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 | |
6247 | 204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) | |
6248 | -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 | |
6249 | (nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C | |
6250 | (or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) | |
6251 | 108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 | |
6252 | (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 | |
6253 | (Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) | |
6254 | 108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 | |
6255 | (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 | |
6256 | (he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 | |
6257 | (ard as well.)-.1 F .372 | |
6258 | (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 | |
6259 | R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 | |
6260 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 | |
6261 | 312 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 | |
6262 | (transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 | |
6263 | 336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) | |
6264 | -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) | |
6265 | -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F | |
6266 | (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 | |
6267 | (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q | |
6268 | (ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 | |
6269 | R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) | |
6270 | -.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 | |
6271 | (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E | |
6272 | (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q | |
6273 | (wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 | |
6274 | (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 | |
6275 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 | |
6276 | (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) | |
6277 | -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 | |
6278 | -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q | |
6279 | (ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 | |
6280 | R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) | |
6281 | -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 | |
6282 | (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 | |
6283 | E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 | |
6284 | S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
6285 | G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 | |
6286 | (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 | |
6287 | (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 | |
6288 | (Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 | |
ac50fbac | 6289 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 |
74091dd4 CR |
6290 | (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F |
6291 | (fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) | |
6292 | 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 | |
a0c0a00f | 6293 | F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 |
74091dd4 CR |
6294 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 |
6295 | (starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G | |
6296 | 1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E | |
6297 | F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F | |
6298 | .957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 | |
6299 | (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 | |
6300 | .958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 6301 | (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 |
74091dd4 CR |
6302 | 556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 |
6303 | (Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
6304 | (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) | |
6305 | 144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
6306 | (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 | |
17345e5a JA |
6307 | Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E |
6308 | (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) | |
74091dd4 | 6309 | -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 |
17345e5a | 6310 | (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
6311 | 652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 |
6312 | (Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 | |
6313 | (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 | |
6314 | (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S | |
17345e5a | 6315 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G |
74091dd4 CR |
6316 | (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q |
6317 | (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) | |
0001803f | 6318 | -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6319 | (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
6320 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(51)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6321 | %%Page: 52 52 | |
6322 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6323 | BP | |
6324 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6325 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6326 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6327 | SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 | |
6328 | (Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 | |
6329 | (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 | |
6330 | (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S | |
17345e5a JA |
6331 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E |
6332 | (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) | |
74091dd4 | 6333 | 108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 |
a0c0a00f | 6334 | (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 |
17345e5a | 6335 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) |
74091dd4 CR |
6336 | 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q |
6337 | (ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 | |
6338 | (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 | |
6339 | F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 | |
6340 | (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 | |
6341 | 180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 | |
6342 | 204 R .166 | |
17345e5a | 6343 | (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) |
74091dd4 | 6344 | -.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q |
17345e5a | 6345 | (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) |
74091dd4 CR |
6346 | -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 |
6347 | (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 | |
6348 | Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E | |
6349 | (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) | |
6350 | 144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E | |
8868edaf | 6351 | (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6352 | (copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G |
6353 | 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) | |
6354 | -.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 | |
6355 | (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 | |
6356 | Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E | |
6357 | F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 | |
6358 | F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) | |
6359 | -.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 | |
6360 | -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 | |
6361 | (yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S | |
8868edaf | 6362 | (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
6363 | E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 |
6364 | (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 | |
8868edaf | 6365 | (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
6366 | F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q |
6367 | (guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q | |
8868edaf | 6368 | (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 |
74091dd4 | 6369 | (Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 |
8868edaf | 6370 | (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 |
74091dd4 CR |
6371 | (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 |
6372 | (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G | |
6373 | (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 | |
6374 | E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F | |
6375 | 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 | |
17345e5a JA |
6376 | (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 |
6377 | (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6378 | 496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 |
6379 | 508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) | |
17345e5a JA |
6380 | 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 |
6381 | (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) | |
74091dd4 CR |
6382 | -.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 |
6383 | (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 | |
a0c0a00f | 6384 | (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 |
74091dd4 | 6385 | (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 |
a0c0a00f | 6386 | (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) |
74091dd4 | 6387 | -.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 |
a0c0a00f | 6388 | (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 |
74091dd4 CR |
6389 | (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F |
6390 | (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 | |
6391 | E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) | |
6392 | 87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 | |
6393 | (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 | |
17345e5a | 6394 | (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 |
74091dd4 CR |
6395 | (attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) |
6396 | -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) | |
6397 | -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F | |
6398 | .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) | |
6399 | 144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 | |
6400 | (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 | |
17345e5a | 6401 | (If none of these pro-)5.701 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6402 | (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 |
6403 | (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 | |
6404 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) | |
6405 | -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 | |
6406 | (Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 | |
17345e5a | 6407 | (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H |
74091dd4 CR |
6408 | .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 |
6409 | 693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 | |
6410 | 717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 | |
0001803f | 6411 | F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6412 | 1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 |
6413 | (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 | |
6414 | (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
6415 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(52)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6416 | %%Page: 53 53 | |
6417 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6418 | BP | |
6419 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6420 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6421 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 | |
6422 | (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 | |
17345e5a | 6423 | (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 |
74091dd4 CR |
6424 | (\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF |
6425 | (bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F | |
6426 | .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 | |
6427 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 | |
6428 | (n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 | |
6429 | (ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 | |
6430 | -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 | |
6431 | -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q | |
6432 | (This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 | |
6433 | 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
6434 | (menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 | |
6435 | (menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
6436 | 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 | |
0001803f | 6437 | (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6438 | (menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) |
6439 | .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G | |
6440 | 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
6441 | (delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 | |
6442 | (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 | |
6443 | (ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 | |
6444 | E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
6445 | 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) | |
6446 | 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 | |
6447 | 204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 | |
6448 | (Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 | |
6449 | E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 | |
6450 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q | |
8868edaf | 6451 | (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6452 | (complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 |
6453 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q | |
d233b485 | 6454 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) |
74091dd4 CR |
6455 | 108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 |
6456 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q | |
d233b485 | 6457 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 |
74091dd4 | 6458 | 312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q |
d233b485 | 6459 | (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6460 | (possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 |
6461 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q | |
6462 | (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 | |
6463 | (complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 | |
6464 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q | |
ac50fbac | 6465 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6466 | (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 |
6467 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q | |
d233b485 | 6468 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6469 | (complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 |
6470 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 | |
6471 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 | |
6472 | (Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R | |
17345e5a JA |
6473 | .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F |
6474 | .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6475 | (\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
6476 | (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
6477 | (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 | |
6478 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q | |
17345e5a | 6479 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6480 | (dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 |
6481 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 | |
6482 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 | |
17345e5a | 6483 | (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6484 | (for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E |
6485 | -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 | |
6486 | (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 | |
6487 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 | |
17345e5a | 6488 | (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6489 | (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 |
6490 | (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ | |
17345e5a | 6491 | me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ |
74091dd4 | 6492 | in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G |
17345e5a | 6493 | (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
6494 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 |
6495 | E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) | |
6496 | .833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E | |
17345e5a | 6497 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G |
74091dd4 CR |
6498 | (board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G |
6499 | (C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
6500 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G |
6501 | (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6502 | (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 |
6503 | E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) | |
6504 | -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ | |
6505 | appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 | |
6506 | E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E | |
6507 | F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
6508 | (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 | |
6509 | E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) | |
6510 | 135.955 E(53)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6511 | %%Page: 54 54 | |
6512 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6513 | BP | |
6514 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6515 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6516 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6517 | SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S<ad72>.18 E | |
6518 | (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 | |
6519 | (Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) | |
6520 | 4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) | |
6521 | -.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F | |
6522 | (found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 | |
6523 | (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R | |
6524 | 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 | |
6525 | (bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E | |
d233b485 | 6526 | (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) |
74091dd4 CR |
6527 | C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 |
6528 | E F0 1.739 | |
6529 | (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 | |
6530 | F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) | |
6531 | -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E | |
6532 | (wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 | |
6533 | (Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
6534 | (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 | |
6535 | (Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 | |
6536 | (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 | |
6537 | -2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 | |
6538 | (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F | |
6539 | 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 | |
6540 | .231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F | |
6541 | (turn the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 | |
6542 | (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q | |
495aee44 | 6543 | (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6544 | (set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0 |
6545 | (Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E | |
17345e5a | 6546 | (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6547 | (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 |
6548 | 348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 | |
17345e5a | 6549 | (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G |
74091dd4 CR |
6550 | 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) |
6551 | 144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 | |
6552 | (character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.111(Ac)144 384 S | |
6553 | .611(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.111 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.112(dt) | |
6554 | .15 G 3.112(ot)-3.112 G .612(he ne)-3.112 F .612 | |
6555 | (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.612(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 | |
6556 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .912 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E | |
6557 | (ment searches for pre)144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1 | |
6558 | (character\255sear)108 408 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 | |
6559 | 2.695(Ac)144 420 S .194(haracter is read and point is mo)-2.695 F -.15 | |
6560 | (ve)-.15 G 2.694(dt).15 G 2.694(ot)-2.694 G .194(he pre)-2.694 F .194 | |
6561 | (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 5.194(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E | |
6562 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .494 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G | |
6563 | (gument searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 | |
6564 | (skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 | |
6565 | (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) | |
6566 | -.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
6567 | 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 | |
6568 | (Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 | |
a0c0a00f | 6569 | (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6570 | .331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 |
6571 | (sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) | |
6572 | -.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) | |
6573 | -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ | |
6574 | y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) | |
6575 | -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E | |
6576 | (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 | |
6577 | 516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) | |
6578 | -.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 | |
6579 | -.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 | |
6580 | (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 | |
6581 | (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 | |
6582 | (the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 | |
17345e5a | 6583 | (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6584 | (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) |
6585 | -.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 | |
6586 | (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 | |
6587 | (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 | |
6588 | (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 | |
6589 | (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F | |
6590 | 1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 | |
6591 | (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 | |
6592 | (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F | |
6593 | (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 | |
17345e5a | 6594 | (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
6595 | (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 612 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E |
6596 | (ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 | |
6597 | (Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 624 R .421 | |
6598 | (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 | |
6599 | (wa)144 636 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) | |
6600 | 4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 | |
6601 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E | |
6602 | (or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 648 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 | |
6603 | (glob\255complete\255w)108 660 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 | |
6604 | 672 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F | |
6605 | .792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 | |
6606 | 684 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ | |
6607 | ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 696 Q | |
6608 | (ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 708 R .176 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6609 | (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 |
6610 | (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 | |
74091dd4 | 6611 | (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 720 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 |
17345e5a | 6612 | (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 |
74091dd4 CR |
6613 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 |
6614 | Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(54)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6615 | %%Page: 55 55 | |
6616 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6617 | BP | |
6618 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6619 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6620 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(before pathname e) | |
6621 | 144 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
6622 | (glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))108 96 Q F0 .923(The list of e) | |
6623 | 144 108 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15 | |
6624 | (ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E | |
6625 | (ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F .872(the line is redra)144 | |
6626 | 120 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 | |
17345e5a | 6627 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
6628 | (ex)144 132 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 144 Q F0 .627 |
6629 | (Print all of the functions and their k)144 156 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H | |
6630 | .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) | |
6631 | 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
6632 | (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 168 Q | |
0001803f | 6633 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) |
74091dd4 CR |
6634 | 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 180 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 |
6635 | .762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 192 R .762 | |
6636 | (ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) | |
6637 | -.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 204 R .109 | |
6638 | (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 | |
6639 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 216 Q | |
6640 | (c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 228 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 | |
6641 | (Print all of the readline k)144 240 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 | |
6642 | (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G | |
6643 | 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 252 Q | |
17345e5a | 6644 | .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 |
74091dd4 CR |
6645 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 |
6646 | (\214le.)144 264 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 276 Q | |
6647 | (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 288 Q | |
17345e5a | 6648 | (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
6649 | F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 304.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 |
6650 | 316.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 | |
17345e5a | 6651 | (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6652 | F2(compspec)108 328.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 |
6653 | (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
17345e5a | 6654 | 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 |
74091dd4 CR |
6655 | F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) |
6656 | -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 340.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 | |
6657 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 | |
6658 | (First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 357.6 R .497 | |
6659 | (If the command w)5.497 F .498 | |
6660 | (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 | |
6661 | 369.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 | |
8868edaf | 6662 | (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) |
74091dd4 CR |
6663 | 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) |
6664 | 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ | |
6665 | used to generate the list of possible completions)108 381.6 R .823 | |
6666 | (for the w)108 393.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F | |
6667 | .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ | |
6668 | ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 405.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ | |
8868edaf | 6669 | r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ |
74091dd4 CR |
6670 | rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 417.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 |
6671 | (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 | |
6672 | G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056 | |
6673 | (option to)108 429.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) | |
d233b485 CR |
6674 | 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 |
6675 | (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F | |
74091dd4 | 6676 | .057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 441.6 R .332(ord as a \ |
d233b485 | 6677 | \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6678 | F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 |
6679 | 453.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ | |
6680 | d to generate the list of matching w)108 470.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F | |
6681 | 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 482.4 Q | |
d233b485 | 6682 | (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
6683 | (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 |
6684 | (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 499.2 R | |
6685 | .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F | |
6686 | .463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 511.2 R .595 | |
6687 | (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 | |
495aee44 | 6688 | (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6689 | (shell v)108 523.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 |
6690 | (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 540 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G | |
6691 | 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 | |
6692 | (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 | |
6693 | (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 552 S | |
6694 | .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 | |
6695 | (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 | |
6696 | (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E | |
6697 | (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 564 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 | |
6698 | (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 580.8 Q | |
6699 | .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 | |
6700 | F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 | |
6701 | (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 | |
6702 | 592.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 | |
6703 | (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F | |
6704 | .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 | |
6705 | (using brace e)108 604.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 | |
6706 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 | |
6707 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 | |
6708 | 616.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H | |
6709 | (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
6710 | 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 | |
6711 | 628.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 | |
6712 | (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 | |
6713 | (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 | |
6714 | (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 640.8 Q | |
6715 | (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 | |
6716 | (After these matches ha)108 657.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 | |
6717 | (een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 | |
6718 | (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F1<ad46>2.734 E | |
6719 | F0(and)2.734 E F1<ad43>2.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 | |
6720 | 669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 | |
6721 | (the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 | |
6722 | (d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 | |
6723 | (COMP_KEY)108 681.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 | |
6724 | (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 | |
6725 | (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 | |
6726 | (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 | |
6727 | 693.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
6728 | .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 | |
6729 | (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 | |
6730 | (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 | |
6731 | (the function or command is in)108 705.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 | |
6732 | (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C | |
6733 | 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) | |
6734 | -.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 717.6 R .264 | |
6735 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) | |
6736 | -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 | |
6737 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 729.6 | |
6738 | R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 | |
6739 | (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 | |
6740 | (No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
6741 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(55)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6742 | %%Page: 56 56 | |
8868edaf CR |
6743 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6744 | BP | |
6745 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6746 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6747 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .715 |
6748 | (completions ag)108 84 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being complet\ | |
6749 | ed is performed; the function or command has complete free-)-.1 F | |
6750 | (dom in generating the matches.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G | |
6751 | .437(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>2.937 | |
6752 | E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937 | |
6753 | (rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G | |
6754 | 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 | |
6755 | F(the)108 124.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 | |
6756 | (iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 | |
6757 | (enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 | |
6758 | (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
6759 | SF(COMPREPL)108 136.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E | |
6760 | (ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 153.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F | |
6761 | 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 | |
6762 | .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 | |
6763 | (na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F | |
6764 | -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 | |
6765 | 165.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ | |
6766 | tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F | |
6767 | (to escape a ne)108 177.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 | |
6768 | (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 194.4 R | |
6769 | 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 | |
6770 | E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 206.4 R | |
6771 | .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 | |
6772 | (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 | |
6773 | (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 | |
6774 | (the w)108 218.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G | |
6775 | (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 | |
17345e5a | 6776 | (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) |
74091dd4 CR |
6777 | -.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 230.4 R |
6778 | (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 | |
6779 | (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
6780 | 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) | |
6781 | -3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 242.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6782 | (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 |
6783 | (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
74091dd4 | 6784 | 3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 254.4 Q F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6785 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 |
6786 | (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 | |
74091dd4 | 6787 | 271.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 |
8868edaf CR |
6788 | F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E |
6789 | F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) | |
6790 | 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
6791 | tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 283.2 Q .246 |
6792 | (If the pre)108 300 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) | |
8868edaf | 6793 | -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) |
74091dd4 CR |
6794 | 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F |
6795 | F1(complete)108 312 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E | |
6796 | (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 | |
6797 | (If the)108 328.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) | |
8868edaf CR |
6798 | 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 |
6799 | (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 | |
74091dd4 CR |
6800 | F(pletion is attempted and an)108 340.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G |
6801 | (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 | |
6802 | (By def)108 357.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 | |
6803 | (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 | |
6804 | (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F | |
6805 | .632(of possible completions.)108 369.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 | |
6806 | E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 | |
6807 | (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 | |
6808 | (ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 381.6 R | |
6809 | .558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) | |
6810 | 3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 | |
6811 | (when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 393.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 | |
6812 | (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 | |
17345e5a | 6813 | (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) |
74091dd4 CR |
6814 | -.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 405.6 Q F0 1.207 |
6815 | (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 6816 | 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F |
74091dd4 | 6817 | 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F |
ac50fbac | 6818 | (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 |
74091dd4 | 6819 | 417.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) |
ac50fbac | 6820 | 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ |
74091dd4 CR |
6821 | desired, the programmable completion func-)108 434.4 R .632(tions force\ |
6822 | readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ | |
6823 | to directories, subject)108 446.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 458.4 R 2.762 | |
6824 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 | |
6825 | (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 | |
6826 | (rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 470.4 | |
6827 | Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E | |
6828 | .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 | |
6829 | 487.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 | |
6830 | (tion with a def)108 499.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 | |
d233b485 CR |
6831 | F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) |
6832 | -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 | |
6833 | (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ | |
74091dd4 | 6834 | uld be retried by returning an e)108 511.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 |
d233b485 | 6835 | F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ |
74091dd4 CR |
6836 | ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 523.2 R .665 |
6837 | (being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 535.2 R .666 | |
6838 | (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 | |
6839 | (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 | |
6840 | 547.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) | |
6841 | -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F | |
6842 | .083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 559.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ | |
6843 | y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 | |
6844 | E -.15(Fo)108 576 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 | |
6845 | (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F | |
a0c0a00f | 6846 | .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F |
74091dd4 | 6847 | (the command, the follo)108 588 Q(wing def)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f | 6848 | (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 |
74091dd4 CR |
6849 | E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 604.8 Q({)108 616.8 Q 6 |
6850 | (.")144 628.8 S | |
8868edaf | 6851 | (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 |
74091dd4 CR |
6852 | 640.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 |
6853 | 652.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 681.6 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 | |
6854 | .372(When the)108 693.6 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 | |
6855 | (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 | |
6856 | (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 | |
6857 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 | |
6858 | (the list of commands pre)108 705.6 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 | |
6859 | (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) | |
6860 | 2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) | |
6861 | 108 717.6 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F | |
6862 | .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 | |
6863 | (commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 | |
6864 | (d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 | |
0001803f | 6865 | (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
6866 | 729.6 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E |
6867 | (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 | |
6868 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(56)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
6869 | %%Page: 57 57 | |
6870 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6871 | BP | |
6872 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6873 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6874 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S | |
6875 | 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 | |
17345e5a | 6876 | (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 |
74091dd4 CR |
6877 | (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
6878 | (HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0(and)3.815 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 96 Q(OL)-.27 E/F2 9 | |
6879 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .082 | |
17345e5a | 6880 | (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) |
74091dd4 CR |
6881 | 108 112.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 |
6882 | E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315 | |
6883 | (The \214le named by the v)108 124.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE) | |
6884 | 2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815 | |
6885 | (oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 | |
6886 | (lines speci\214ed by the v)108 136.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
6887 | (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F2(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
6888 | (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric) | |
6889 | 3.158 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 | |
ac50fbac | 6890 | (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 |
74091dd4 | 6891 | (When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 160.8 Q 1.604 |
ac50fbac | 6892 | (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 |
74091dd4 CR |
6893 | (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 |
6894 | (stamps for the follo)108 172.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 | |
d233b485 | 6895 | (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F |
74091dd4 CR |
6896 | .15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 184.8 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 |
6897 | -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 | |
6898 | (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F1 | |
6899 | ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 | |
6900 | (copied from the history list to)108 196.8 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E F2(.)A | |
6901 | F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F4(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 | |
6902 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F4(shopt)108 | |
6903 | 208.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6904 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 |
6905 | (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
6906 | .197(history \214le is o)108 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) |
6907 | .15 F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ | |
6908 | unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 | |
6909 | (If the)108 232.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 | |
ac50fbac | 6910 | G .584 |
0001803f | 6911 | (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 |
74091dd4 CR |
6912 | F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 244.8 R |
6913 | 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 | |
6914 | (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 | |
6915 | (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 | |
6916 | (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 256.8 | |
6917 | R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G | |
6918 | 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 | |
6919 | (truncated to contain no more than)108 268.8 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E | |
6920 | F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 | |
6921 | (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 280.8 Q | |
ac50fbac | 6922 | (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
6923 | (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 |
6924 | (The b)108 297.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F4(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) | |
6925 | 2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 | |
6926 | (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 | |
6927 | (xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 309.6 R | |
6928 | (The)5.472 E F4(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 | |
6929 | (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 | |
6930 | (manipulate the history \214le.)108 321.6 R .001 | |
6931 | (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) | |
6932 | -.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 333.6 Q | |
6933 | (vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 350.4 | |
6934 | R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 | |
8868edaf | 6935 | (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) |
74091dd4 CR |
6936 | -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 |
6937 | E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 362.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G | |
6938 | .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) | |
6939 | -.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F4 | |
6940 | (cmdhist)108 374.4 Q F0 .75 | |
17345e5a JA |
6941 | (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 |
6942 | -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 | |
74091dd4 | 6943 | (the same history entry)108 386.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 |
17345e5a | 6944 | (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
6945 | 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F4(lithist)3.577 E F0 |
6946 | .374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 398.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 | |
6947 | H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 | |
6948 | (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 | |
6949 | (description of the)108 410.4 R F4(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 | |
6950 | (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F | |
6951 | (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 | |
495aee44 | 6952 | (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
6953 | 422.4 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 439.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) |
6954 | -.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 | |
6955 | (The shell supports a history e)108 451.2 R .611 | |
6956 | (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 | |
6957 | (xpansion in)-.15 F F4(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F | |
6958 | .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 463.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 | |
6959 | (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 | |
6960 | (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F | |
6961 | .95(can be disabled using the)108 475.2 R F4(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 | |
6962 | (option to the)3.449 F F4(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 | |
6963 | (iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 | |
6964 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 487.2 Q 2.5 | |
8868edaf CR |
6965 | (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
6966 | (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
6967 | 1.305(History e)108 504 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords\ |
6968 | from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat) | |
6969 | -.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 516 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F | |
6970 | .209(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre) | |
6971 | -.25 F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 528 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e) | |
6972 | 108 544.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete li\ | |
6973 | ne is read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 556.8 S | |
6974 | .252(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 | |
6975 | (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 | |
6976 | (vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 568.8 Q .145 | |
6977 | (es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ | |
d233b485 CR |
6978 | rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ |
6979 | titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
6980 | r inclusion into the current one.)108 580.8 R .766 |
6981 | (The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 592.8 R F3 | |
6982 | -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 | |
6983 | (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) | |
6984 | 2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) | |
6985 | -.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 | |
6986 | (able to manipulate the selected w)108 604.8 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F | |
6987 | .538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) | |
6988 | -.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 616.8 | |
6989 | R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 6990 | .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) |
74091dd4 | 6991 | -.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 628.8 R .355 |
d233b485 | 6992 | (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 |
74091dd4 CR |
6993 | (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F4(!) |
6994 | 3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 | |
6995 | 640.8 R F4(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 | |
6996 | (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 | |
6997 | (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F | |
d233b485 | 6998 | (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ |
74091dd4 CR |
6999 | tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 652.8 R |
7000 | (string.)108 664.8 Q(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 | |
495aee44 | 7001 | (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 |
17345e5a | 7002 | (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
7003 | F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T |
7004 | 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G | |
8868edaf | 7005 | .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) |
74091dd4 CR |
7006 | -.25 F F4(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F4 |
7007 | (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F4(\()3.162 E | |
7008 | F0(will also inhibit e)108 705.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 722.4 Q -.15 | |
7009 | (ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F4(shopt)2.609 | |
7010 | E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 | |
7011 | (vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
7012 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(57)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7013 | %%Page: 58 58 | |
7014 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7015 | BP | |
7016 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7017 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7018 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .232(If the)108 84 | |
7019 | R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 | |
7020 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1(shopt) | |
7021 | 2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F1 | |
7022 | -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\ | |
7023 | ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 96 | |
7024 | R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449(xpanded line is)-.15 | |
7025 | F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 108 R F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
7026 | 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.) | |
7027 | -.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 | |
7028 | (is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 120 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 | |
7029 | (shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 | |
7030 | (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) | |
7031 | 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 132 S -.25(ff).2 G | |
7032 | .304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E F1<ad70>2.804 E F0 .304 | |
7033 | (option to the)2.804 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 | |
8868edaf | 7034 | (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 |
74091dd4 CR |
7035 | (pansion will do before using it.)108 144 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0 |
7036 | .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 | |
8868edaf | 7037 | (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F |
74091dd4 | 7038 | (end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
17345e5a | 7039 | (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G |
74091dd4 | 7040 | (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 172.8 R |
8868edaf CR |
7041 | 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 |
7042 | (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7043 | (xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 184.8 R |
7044 | F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 | |
7045 | .163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 | |
8868edaf | 7046 | (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7047 | (history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1(Ev) |
7048 | 87 213.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8868edaf | 7049 | .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ |
74091dd4 CR |
7050 | y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 |
7051 | 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) | |
7052 | .15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 254.4 Q | |
7053 | F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 254.4 R 1.607 | |
7054 | (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 | |
7055 | (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F | |
7056 | (\(when the)144 266.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 | |
7057 | (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
7058 | (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 278.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 | |
7059 | (Refer to command line)144 278.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 | |
7060 | 290.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 290.4 Q F2(n) | |
7061 | 2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 302.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 302.4 Q | |
7062 | (vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) | |
7063 | 108 314.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ | |
7064 | ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 314.4 R | |
7065 | F2(string)144.34 326.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 338.4 Q F2(string)A F1 | |
7066 | ([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ | |
7067 | position in the history list containing)144 350.4 R F2(string)144.34 | |
7068 | 362.4 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 | |
7069 | (may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F | |
7070 | .496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) | |
7071 | 2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ | |
7072 | ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 374.4 R .391 | |
7073 | (vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 386.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 | |
7074 | 403.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 | |
7075 | (Quick substitution.)144 410.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 | |
7076 | (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 | |
7077 | (string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 | |
7078 | (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 422.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 | |
7079 | I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \() | |
7080 | -5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 | |
7081 | 434.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 434.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) | |
7082 | -.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 451.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 463.2 S | |
7083 | 1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 | |
7084 | (ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 | |
7085 | 1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation) | |
7086 | .15 F .53(from the w)108 475.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 | |
7087 | G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 | |
7088 | (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 | |
7089 | ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) | |
7090 | -3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 | |
7091 | (are numbered from the be)108 487.2 R .516 | |
8868edaf | 7092 | (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 |
74091dd4 CR |
7093 | (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) |
7094 | .8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 499.2 | |
7095 | Q F1 2.5(0\()108 516 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 528 Q | |
7096 | 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E | |
7097 | F2(n)108.36 540 Q F0(The)144 540 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) | |
7098 | 108 552 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 552 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 | |
7099 | E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 564 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 564 R 2.564 | |
7100 | (ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 | |
7101 | F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 | |
7102 | (ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 576 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) | |
7103 | 108 588 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 588 R 1.419 | |
7104 | (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 | |
7105 | (?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F | |
7106 | (character that is part of a w)144 600 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 612 Q F1 | |
7107 | <ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 612 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 | |
8868edaf | 7108 | (y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) |
74091dd4 | 7109 | 108 624 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 624 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 |
8868edaf CR |
7110 | (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F |
7111 | F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) | |
74091dd4 | 7112 | 2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 636 Q(ord in the e) |
8868edaf | 7113 | -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
7114 | E F1(x*)108 648 Q F0(Abbre)144 648 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) |
7115 | A F1<78ad>108 660 Q F0(Abbre)144 660 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 7116 | (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E |
8868edaf | 7117 | 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 |
74091dd4 | 7118 | E(If a w)108 676.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 |
8868edaf | 7119 | (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E |
d233b485 | 7120 | (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
7121 | (Modi\214ers)87 693.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 705.6 R .183 |
7122 | (ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 | |
7123 | (here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 | |
7124 | (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 717.6 Q | |
8868edaf CR |
7125 | (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E |
7126 | (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
7127 | (nt.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(58)185.115 |
7128 | E 0 Cg EP | |
7129 | %%Page: 59 59 | |
7130 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7131 | BP | |
7132 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7133 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7134 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7135 | SF(h)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H | |
ac50fbac | 7136 | (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) |
74091dd4 | 7137 | 108 96 Q F0(Remo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H |
ac50fbac | 7138 | (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) |
74091dd4 CR |
7139 | 108 108 Q F0(Remo)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E |
7140 | (\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C | |
7141 | (ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 120 Q F0(Remo)144 120 Q .3 | |
7142 | -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1 | |
7143 | (p)108 132 Q F0(Print the ne)144 132 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E | |
7144 | (ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 144 Q F0 | |
7145 | (Quote the substituted w)144 144 Q | |
7146 | (ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 156 Q F0 .386 | |
7147 | (Quote the substituted w)144 156 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E | |
7148 | F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 | |
7149 | (blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) | |
7150 | 2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 | |
7151 | 168 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G | |
7152 | (he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 180 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 | |
7153 | (ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 192 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 | |
7154 | .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 | |
8868edaf | 7155 | (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 |
74091dd4 CR |
7156 | (yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954 |
7157 | (delimiter in place of /.)144 204 R .953 | |
17345e5a | 7158 | (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) |
74091dd4 CR |
7159 | 5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 |
7160 | (The delimiter may be quoted in)144 216 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E | |
7161 | F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 | |
8868edaf | 7162 | (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 |
74091dd4 | 7163 | (ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 228 R F2 |
8868edaf CR |
7164 | (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) |
7165 | -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) | |
74091dd4 CR |
7166 | 3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 240 R 2.986 |
7167 | (,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 | |
8868edaf | 7168 | (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 |
74091dd4 CR |
7169 | E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 |
7170 | (search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 252 Q(w)-.15 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 7171 | (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) |
74091dd4 CR |
7172 | 108 264 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 264 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) |
7173 | 108 276 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 276 R -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
7174 | 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) | |
7175 | .15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 | |
7176 | ('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 288 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) | |
7177 | -.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `) | |
7178 | 2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 | |
7179 | (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F | |
7180 | (limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 300 Q -.15 | |
7181 | (ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) | |
7182 | 2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 312 Q F0(Apply the follo) | |
7183 | 144 312 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 | |
7184 | 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 | |
7185 | G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 328.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E | |
7186 | (TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 340.8 | |
7187 | R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ | |
7188 | receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 352.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 | |
7189 | .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E | |
7190 | F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E | |
d233b485 | 7191 | F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 |
74091dd4 | 7192 | (iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 364.8 R F1 |
d233b485 CR |
7193 | <adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) |
7194 | 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) | |
7195 | -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A | |
7196 | F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
74091dd4 CR |
7197 | 2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 376.8 R .26 |
7198 | (guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261 | |
7199 | (without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) | |
7200 | -5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 | |
8868edaf | 7201 | (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) |
74091dd4 | 7202 | 108 388.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> |
8868edaf CR |
7203 | 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 |
7204 | (lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7205 | 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 418.8 Q F0 |
7206 | ([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 430.8 R .451 | |
8868edaf | 7207 | (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) |
74091dd4 CR |
7208 | -.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F |
7209 | 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 442.8 R | |
7210 | (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 459.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E | |
7211 | F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 471.6 Q(ce)-.18 E | |
7212 | F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 | |
7213 | (Read and e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 | |
8868edaf | 7214 | (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 |
74091dd4 CR |
7215 | (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 |
7216 | (status of the last command e)144 495.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 | |
7217 | (cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2 | |
7218 | (\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F | |
7219 | .023(names in)144 507.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 | |
7220 | E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2 | |
7221 | (\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E | |
7222 | F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 519.6 S 3.86 | |
7223 | (cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 | |
7224 | G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861 | |
7225 | (cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2 | |
7226 | (posix)3.861 E(mode)144 531.6 Q F0 2.772(,i)C 2.772(ts)-2.772 G .272 | |
7227 | (earches the current directory if no \214le is found in)-2.772 F F4 | |
7228 | -.666(PA)2.771 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .271(If the) | |
7229 | 4.771 F F1(sour)2.771 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .271(option to the)2.771 F F1 | |
7230 | (shopt)144 543.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 | |
7231 | F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 | |
7232 | (is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E | |
7233 | (guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 555.6 Q 3.692(yb) | |
7234 | -.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2 | |
7235 | (\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691 | |
7236 | (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82 | |
7237 | (rameters are unchanged.)144 567.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0 | |
7238 | .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 | |
7239 | (yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 | |
7240 | (fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 579.6 Q | |
7241 | (y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15 | |
7242 | (ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 | |
7243 | (.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the) | |
7244 | 3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 | |
7245 | 591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227 | |
7246 | (is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E | |
7247 | (UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is) | |
7248 | -2.977 F .891(retained when)144 603.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391 | |
7249 | (completes. The)3.391 F .891 | |
7250 | (return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89 | |
7251 | (xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 615.6 Q | |
7252 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E | |
7253 | F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 632.4 Q F0([)2.5 | |
7254 | E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C | |
7255 | (..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 644.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 | |
d233b485 | 7256 | (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 |
74091dd4 CR |
7257 | (option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E |
7258 | F2(name)144 656.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F | |
495aee44 CR |
7259 | .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 |
7260 | (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) | |
74091dd4 | 7261 | 3.08 E F0(whose)144 668.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7262 | (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) |
7263 | 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7264 | (ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 |
7265 | (tution when the alias is e)144 680.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 | |
a0c0a00f | 7266 | (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 |
74091dd4 CR |
7267 | (gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 |
7268 | F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 692.4 R 1.314 | |
d233b485 | 7269 | (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 |
74091dd4 CR |
7270 | (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F |
7271 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E | |
7272 | (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 704.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
7273 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(59)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7274 | %%Page: 60 60 | |
7275 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7276 | BP | |
7277 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7278 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7279 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7280 | SF(bg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 | |
7281 | E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 96 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 | |
7282 | (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E | |
7283 | F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 108 Q F0 .671 | |
7284 | (is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) | |
7285 | -3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 | |
7286 | (bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 | |
7287 | (when job control is disabled or)144 120 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 | |
7288 | (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G | |
7289 | (peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G | |
7290 | (ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 132 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E | |
7291 | F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 | |
7292 | 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
d233b485 CR |
7293 | <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 |
7294 | (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
74091dd4 | 7295 | F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F0 |
d233b485 | 7296 | ([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 |
74091dd4 | 7297 | (\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 |
d233b485 | 7298 | G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 |
74091dd4 | 7299 | (shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) |
495aee44 | 7300 | 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 |
74091dd4 | 7301 | (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) |
a0c0a00f | 7302 | 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C |
74091dd4 CR |
7303 | (adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 220.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G |
7304 | (adline-command-line).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 232.8 R F1 -.18 | |
7305 | (re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 | |
7306 | (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 | |
7307 | (equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) | |
7308 | 2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 244.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E | |
7309 | F0 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.54 F .039 | |
7310 | (gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .039(ould appear in a)-.1 F F1 -.18 | |
7311 | (re)144 256.8 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as)2.681 | |
7312 | F F2(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 | |
7313 | (ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.907 | |
7314 | (arate ar)144 268.8 R 1.907 | |
7315 | (gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 | |
7316 | F 1.907(Options, if supplied, ha)6.907 F 2.207 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.907 | |
7317 | (he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 280.8 Q F1<ad6d>144 292.8 Q F2 | |
7318 | -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 304.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E | |
7319 | F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 | |
7320 | (fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke) | |
7321 | 180 316.8 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 | |
8868edaf | 7322 | (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 |
17345e5a | 7323 | (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E |
74091dd4 | 7324 | (vi\255command)180 328.8 Q F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2(vi\255insert) |
8868edaf CR |
7325 | 4.379 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G |
7326 | 1.589(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A | |
74091dd4 | 7327 | (ve)-.1 E F0 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 340.8 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 |
a0c0a00f | 7328 | (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 |
74091dd4 CR |
7329 | (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 352.8 Q F0 |
7330 | (List the names of all)180 352.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
7331 | (functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 364.8 Q F0(Display)180 364.8 Q F1 -.18(re) | |
a0c0a00f | 7332 | 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
7333 | (ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 376.8 |
7334 | Q F0(List current)180 376.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
7335 | (function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 388.8 Q F0(Display)180 | |
7336 | 388.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 | |
a0c0a00f | 7337 | G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) |
74091dd4 CR |
7338 | -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 400.8 S 2.5(yt).1 G |
7339 | (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 412.8 Q | |
7340 | F0(Display)180 412.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 | |
8868edaf | 7341 | (ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) |
74091dd4 | 7342 | -.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 424.8 Q F0(Display)180 424.8 Q F1 -.18 |
8868edaf CR |
7343 | (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E |
7344 | (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
74091dd4 | 7345 | (an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 436.8 Q F0(List current)180 436.8 Q |
8868edaf | 7346 | F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E |
74091dd4 CR |
7347 | (alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 448.8 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 |
7348 | 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
7349 | F1<ad71>144 472.8 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 484.8 Q | |
8868edaf | 7350 | -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H |
74091dd4 CR |
7351 | (he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 496.8 Q F2(function) |
7352 | 2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 508.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G | |
7353 | (ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 520.8 Q | |
7354 | F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 | |
8868edaf | 7355 | -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
7356 | (.)A F1<ad78>144 544.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 |
7357 | (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 556.8 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 | |
d233b485 CR |
7358 | 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) |
7359 | -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F | |
74091dd4 | 7360 | (When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 568.8 Q F0 1.765(is e) |
8868edaf | 7361 | 4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 |
d233b485 | 7362 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 |
74091dd4 | 7363 | (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 580.8 S(adline).18 E |
8868edaf CR |
7364 | F0 .375(line b)2.874 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 |
7365 | (READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25 | |
7366 | (va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.186 | |
74091dd4 | 7367 | (current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 592.8 R -.15(ve) |
8868edaf | 7368 | -.2 G 3.685(di).15 G 1.185(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.685 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7369 | (ti)180 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.T)-.65 G .377 |
7370 | (he shell assigns an)-5.377 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F | |
7371 | .377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.878 E | |
7372 | (GUMENT)180 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)3.605 G 3.855(riable. If).25 F 1.355 | |
7373 | (there w)3.855 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354 | |
7374 | (ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.354(If the e)6.354 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) | |
7375 | .15 E .343(command changes the v)180 628.8 R .343(alue of an)-.25 F | |
7376 | 2.843(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.844 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 | |
7377 | SF(,)A F3(READLINE_POINT)2.594 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.594 E F3(READ-)2.844 E | |
7378 | (LINE_MARK)180 640.8 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G | |
7379 | (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 | |
7380 | 652.8 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 652.8 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 | |
ac50fbac | 7381 | (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) |
74091dd4 CR |
7382 | .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 664.8 Q(The return v) |
7383 | 144 681.6 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 | |
17345e5a | 7384 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
7385 | E F1(br)108 698.4 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 |
7386 | (Exit from within a)144 710.4 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 | |
7387 | (while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 | |
d233b485 CR |
7388 | (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 |
7389 | (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
74091dd4 CR |
7390 | (ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 |
7391 | E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 722.4 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ | |
7392 | number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 | |
7393 | (xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 | |
7394 | Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7395 | %%Page: 61 61 | |
7396 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7397 | BP | |
7398 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7399 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7400 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(is 0 unless)144 84 | |
7401 | Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.) | |
7402 | 2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu)108 100.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b) | |
7403 | 2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 112.8 | |
7404 | Q .77(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F | |
7405 | F1(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e) | |
7406 | -3.271 F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616 | |
ac50fbac | 7407 | (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
7408 | 124.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 |
7409 | 136.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 7410 | -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E |
74091dd4 CR |
7411 | 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 148.8 Q(alse if)-.1 |
7412 | E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E | |
7413 | (uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) | |
7414 | .2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 177.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 7415 | 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 |
17345e5a | 7416 | (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
7417 | .254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 189.6 Q |
7418 | (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 | |
7419 | (ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 | |
495aee44 | 7420 | (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7421 | .254(subroutine call.)144 201.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 |
7422 | G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 | |
7423 | F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 | |
7424 | (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ | |
17345e5a | 7425 | tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ |
74091dd4 CR |
7426 | ent e)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 |
7427 | (This e)144 225.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 | |
7428 | (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E | |
7429 | 3.019(0. The)144 237.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 | |
7430 | (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 | |
7431 | (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 | |
7432 | (does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 249.6 Q | |
7433 | (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
7434 | <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 | |
7435 | (dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 278.4 R F1(dir) | |
7436 | 2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F1(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 | |
7437 | (is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 | |
7438 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) | |
7439 | -.25 F .929(the def)144 290.4 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G | |
7440 | (riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 | |
7441 | (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F1(dir) | |
7442 | 3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 302.4 R | |
7443 | F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F | |
7444 | F1(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H | |
7445 | .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 | |
7446 | .406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 314.4 R 3.299 | |
7447 | (An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) | |
7448 | -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F | |
7449 | 3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 326.4 S F2(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C | |
7450 | 5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F1(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 | |
7451 | (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) | |
7452 | .855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F2<ad50>2.927 E F0 .427 | |
7453 | (option causes)2.927 F F2(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 | |
7454 | 338.4 Q .167 | |
7455 | (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F | |
7456 | -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) | |
7457 | 2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 350.4 R F1(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F1 | |
7458 | (dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F2<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 | |
7459 | (option to the)3.725 F F2(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 | |
7460 | (iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 | |
7461 | F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 362.4 R .411 | |
7462 | (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F1(..) | |
7463 | 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F1(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F1(..) | |
7464 | 2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 374.4 R F1(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 | |
7465 | (,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F | |
7466 | .341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) | |
7467 | -.25 F F1(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 386.4 R | |
7468 | .175(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G | |
7469 | (he)-2.675 E F2<ad65>2.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F2 | |
7470 | <ad50>2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E | |
7471 | .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ | |
7472 | directory change,)144 398.4 R F2(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F | |
7473 | .356(an unsuccessful status.)144 410.4 R .356 | |
7474 | (On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F2<ad40>2.857 E F0 .357 | |
7475 | (option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 | |
7476 | (associated with a \214le as a directory)144 422.4 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G | |
7477 | 2.569(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F2<ad>2.569 E F0 | |
7478 | .069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E | |
7479 | F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 | |
7480 | 434.4 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E | |
7481 | -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F2<ad>2.807 E | |
7482 | F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 446.4 Q .116(gument, and the dire\ | |
7483 | ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615 | |
7484 | (ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 | |
7485 | (tory is written to the standard output.)144 458.4 R .15 | |
7486 | (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F2(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 | |
7487 | (sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PWD)144 470.4 Q F0(en)2.958 | |
7488 | E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G | |
7489 | .458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F2(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 | |
7490 | E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 482.4 R .125 | |
7491 | (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) | |
7492 | -.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F | |
7493 | (directory w)144 494.4 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E | |
7494 | (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0 | |
7495 | (])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 | |
7496 | 523.2 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 | |
7497 | .065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b) | |
7498 | 5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 | |
7499 | 535.2 R F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe) | |
7500 | -.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502 | |
7501 | (option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1 | |
7502 | (command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 547.2 R .4 | |
7503 | (ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 | |
8868edaf | 7504 | (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) |
74091dd4 CR |
7505 | 5.399 E .174(either the)144 559.2 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 |
7506 | <ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 | |
7507 | (command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E | |
7508 | F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 571.2 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F | |
7509 | .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) | |
7510 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 | |
7511 | F F2<ad56>144 583.2 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 | |
7512 | (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) | |
7513 | 2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 | |
7514 | (xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 595.2 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 | |
7515 | (wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 | |
7516 | (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 | |
7517 | (command)144.2 607.2 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 | |
7518 | (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 | |
7519 | (xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 619.2 S | |
7520 | (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F2 | |
7521 | (compgen)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) | |
7522 | -.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 648 R F1 | |
7523 | (wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 E | |
7524 | F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 | |
7525 | (accepted by the)144 660 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 | |
7526 | (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) | |
7527 | 3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) | |
7528 | -3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 672 R .131(When using the)5.131 F F2 | |
7529 | <ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 | |
7530 | F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F | |
7531 | (mable completion f)144 684 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G | |
7532 | (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 | |
7533 | E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 708 R .352 | |
7534 | (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ | |
7535 | em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 | |
7536 | 720 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 | |
7537 | F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(61)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7538 | %%Page: 62 62 | |
17345e5a JA |
7539 | %%BeginPageSetup |
7540 | BP | |
7541 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 7542 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7543 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E |
7544 | (those completions matching)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E | |
7545 | (d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 108 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 7546 | (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G |
74091dd4 CR |
7547 | (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E/F2 10 |
7548 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A | |
7549 | F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI) | |
7550 | -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad47> | |
7551 | -2.5 E F1(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist) | |
7552 | -.37 E F0(])A([)144 136.8 Q F2<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 | |
7553 | <ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat) | |
7554 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
7555 | F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E | |
7556 | F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
7557 | (\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 | |
7558 | 160.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1 | |
7559 | (name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F | |
7560 | F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 | |
7561 | (options are supplied, e)144 172.8 R .139 | |
7562 | (xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 | |
7563 | (ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 | |
7564 | 184.8 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
7565 | G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) | |
7566 | 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 | |
7567 | (name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 | |
7568 | (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 196.8 R(The)6.208 E | |
7569 | F2<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) | |
7570 | 3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 208.8 R(`def)-.74 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7571 | (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 |
7572 | (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7573 | 220.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 |
7574 | (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 | |
d233b485 | 7575 | (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 |
74091dd4 | 7576 | (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 232.8 R |
d233b485 | 7577 | (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) |
74091dd4 CR |
7578 | -3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 244.8 R(The)5.447 E |
7579 | F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447 | |
8868edaf | 7580 | (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 |
74091dd4 CR |
7581 | (should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 256.8 R |
7582 | .123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 | |
7583 | (limiter such as)144 268.8 R F2(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F2(|)3.521 E F0 | |
7584 | 3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 | |
7585 | (If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 280.8 R F2 | |
7586 | <ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 | |
7587 | (ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 | |
7588 | F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 | |
7589 | <ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H | |
7590 | (f).15 E F2<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 292.8 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) | |
7591 | -2.604 E F2<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 | |
7592 | G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 | |
d233b485 | 7593 | (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F |
74091dd4 | 7594 | (case speci\214ed by the option.)144 304.8 Q .152 |
17345e5a | 7595 | (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
7596 | 328.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 |
7597 | 340.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E | |
7598 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 | |
7599 | (Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 364.8 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 | |
a0c0a00f | 7600 | (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 |
74091dd4 CR |
7601 | (guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 |
7602 | (,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) | |
7603 | 144 376.8 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E | |
7604 | F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 | |
7605 | (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
7606 | (sion before the)144 388.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
7607 | (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 400.8 Q | |
7608 | F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 412.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7609 | (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') |
7610 | .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7611 | (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 424.8 Q F1 |
7612 | (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 436.8 Q F0 | |
7613 | .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 448.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E | |
8868edaf | 7614 | F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 |
74091dd4 CR |
7615 | 460.8 Q F2(default)184 472.8 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 472.8 R 5.376 |
7616 | (sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 | |
8868edaf | 7617 | (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) |
74091dd4 CR |
7618 | 224 484.8 Q F2(dir)184 496.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ |
7619 | ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 508.8 Q F2 | |
7620 | (\214lenames)184 520.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 532.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ | |
7621 | e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> | |
7622 | -.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 544.8 R | |
8868edaf CR |
7623 | 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) |
7624 | -2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7625 | 556.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 568.8 Q |
7626 | F2(noquote)184 580.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .814 | |
7627 | (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F | |
7628 | 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F | |
7629 | (\214lenames is the def)224 592.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 604.8 Q | |
7630 | F0 -.7(Te)224 604.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ | |
7631 | letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 616.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) | |
7632 | 224 616.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 | |
7633 | (ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 | |
7634 | 628.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 640.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 640.8 R 4.485(ym) | |
7635 | -.15 G 1.985 | |
7636 | (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F | |
7637 | .583(completion is attempted and an)224 652.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 | |
7638 | (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 | |
7639 | 664.8 Q F2<ad41>144 676.8 Q F1(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 688.8 Q F1 | |
7640 | (action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E | |
7641 | (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184 | |
7642 | 700.8 Q F0(Alias names.)224 700.8 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2 | |
7643 | <ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(62) | |
7644 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7645 | %%Page: 63 63 | |
17345e5a JA |
7646 | %%BeginPageSetup |
7647 | BP | |
7648 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7649 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
7650 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7651 | SF(arrayv)184 84 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 96 Q(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 |
7652 | (binding)184 108 Q(Readline)224 108 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G | |
7653 | (inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 120 S(iltin).2 E F0 | |
7654 | (Names of shell b)224 120 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E | |
7655 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 132 | |
7656 | Q F0(Command names.)224 144 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 | |
7657 | E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 156 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 168 Q | |
7658 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 180 | |
7659 | Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 192 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 | |
7660 | 204 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 204 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 | |
7661 | 216 Q F0(Names of e)224 216 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) | |
a0c0a00f | 7662 | -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
7663 | 228 Q F0(File names.)224 228 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> |
7664 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252 | |
7665 | Q F1(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 264 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 7666 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
7667 | 276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 |
7668 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312 | |
7669 | Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
7670 | (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0 | |
7671 | (Job names, if job control is acti)224 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G | |
7672 | (ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S | |
7673 | (yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) | |
a0c0a00f | 7674 | -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
7675 | 360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15 |
7676 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 372 | |
7677 | Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384 | |
7678 | Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 384 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 | |
a0c0a00f | 7679 | E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
7680 | (shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 396 Q F1 |
7681 | (shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0 | |
7682 | (Signal names.)224 408 Q F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0 | |
7683 | (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7684 | (.).15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)224 432 Q | |
7685 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S | |
7686 | (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 444 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F | |
7687 | (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 456 Q/F3 | |
7688 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 468 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 | |
7689 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 | |
7690 | (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 | |
7691 | (completions. Ar)184 480 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 | |
7692 | <ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 492 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 | |
7693 | (The shell function)184 504 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F | |
ac50fbac | 7694 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 |
74091dd4 CR |
7695 | (vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 516 R |
7696 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 | |
7697 | ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 | |
ac50fbac | 7698 | (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 |
74091dd4 | 7699 | (are being completed, the second ar)184 528 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 |
ac50fbac | 7700 | ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 |
74091dd4 CR |
7701 | (ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 540 R .104 |
7702 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) | |
7703 | -2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 | |
7704 | (ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 552 R | |
7705 | .101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F | |
7706 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) | |
7707 | -.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 564 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E | |
7708 | F1<ad47>144 576 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 588 R | |
7709 | 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F | |
7710 | 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 600 Q | |
7711 | F1<ad50>144 612 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 624 Q(e\214x)-.37 E | |
7712 | F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 | |
17345e5a | 7713 | (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7714 | -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 636 Q F1<ad53>144 648 Q F3(suf)2.5 E |
7715 | <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 648 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 7716 | (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
7717 | E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 660 Q F3(wor)2.5 E |
7718 | (dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 672 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 | |
7719 | (is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 | |
7720 | (special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 | |
7721 | (each resultant w)184 684 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 | |
7722 | F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 | |
7723 | 3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 696 Q .766 | |
7724 | (vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 | |
d233b485 | 7725 | (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 |
74091dd4 | 7726 | (va)184 708 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) |
d233b485 CR |
7727 | A F0 1.964 |
7728 | (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) | |
74091dd4 CR |
7729 | 6.464 F(match the w)184 720 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 |
7730 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7731 | %%Page: 64 64 | |
7732 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7733 | BP | |
7734 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7735 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7736 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7737 | SF<ad58>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat) | |
7738 | 184 96 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956 | |
7739 | (xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F | |
7740 | 1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R | |
7741 | 1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2 | |
7742 | (\214lterpat)3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 | |
7743 | G .704(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!) | |
7744 | 3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 | |
7745 | G .704(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
a0c0a00f | 7746 | (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E |
74091dd4 | 7747 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 148.8 R .466 |
495aee44 | 7748 | (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 |
74091dd4 CR |
7749 | (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 |
7750 | (or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 | |
7751 | (plied without a)144 160.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 | |
7752 | (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H | |
7753 | 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 172.8 Q F0 | |
17345e5a JA |
7754 | (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E |
7755 | (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E | |
74091dd4 | 7756 | F1(compopt)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C |
d233b485 | 7757 | F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C |
74091dd4 | 7758 | F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 201.6 |
d233b485 | 7759 | R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
7760 | .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 |
7761 | (completion if no)144 213.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 | |
7762 | (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) | |
7763 | C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 | |
7764 | (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 225.6 Q F2(name) | |
7765 | 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) | |
a0c0a00f | 7766 | 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 |
74091dd4 CR |
7767 | F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 237.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) |
7768 | 2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) | |
d233b485 CR |
7769 | -5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 |
7770 | (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F | |
74091dd4 | 7771 | 1.227(the `)144 249.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ |
0001803f | 7772 | mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ |
74091dd4 CR |
7773 | no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 261.6 R 2.039 |
7774 | (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038 | |
7775 | (option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 | |
7776 | (should apply to `)144 273.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 | |
d233b485 | 7777 | (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) |
74091dd4 | 7778 | -4.038 F(The)144 285.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ |
8868edaf | 7779 | her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 |
74091dd4 | 7780 | F .867(assignment w)144 297.6 R .868 |
d233b485 | 7781 | (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 |
74091dd4 CR |
7782 | E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) |
7783 | -3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 309.6 Q .432(The return v)144 333.6 R | |
8868edaf CR |
7784 | .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 |
7785 | (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F | |
74091dd4 | 7786 | (tions for a)144 345.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 |
495aee44 | 7787 | (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
7788 | (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 362.4 Q F0([) |
7789 | 2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 374.4 R .85 | |
7790 | (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A | |
8868edaf | 7791 | F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
7792 | (select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851 |
7793 | (is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 386.4 R F2(n)2.704 E | |
7794 | F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 | |
7795 | /Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203 | |
7796 | (is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 | |
7797 | (the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 398.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 | |
7798 | G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 | |
7799 | (The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 | |
7800 | 1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 410.4 Q F1(declar) | |
7801 | 108 427.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
8868edaf | 7802 | <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C |
74091dd4 | 7803 | (..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 |
8868edaf | 7804 | 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
7805 | 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 451.2 R 1.265 |
7806 | (ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F | |
8868edaf | 7807 | 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 |
74091dd4 CR |
7808 | (re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) |
7809 | -3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 | |
8868edaf CR |
7810 | F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 |
7811 | (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7812 | G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 475.2 Q F2 |
7813 | (name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 | |
8868edaf | 7814 | (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) |
74091dd4 CR |
7815 | 2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) |
7816 | 5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 487.2 Q | |
7817 | F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) | |
7818 | -.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 | |
7819 | (ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 499.2 Q .38 | |
8868edaf CR |
7820 | (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 |
7821 | (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1 | |
74091dd4 CR |
7822 | (declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 |
7823 | 511.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 | |
7824 | (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107 | |
7825 | (option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 | |
7826 | 523.2 R(The)5.3 E F1<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ | |
7827 | function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 | |
7828 | 535.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E | |
7829 | (ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E | |
7830 | F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 | |
7831 | (name and line number where each)144 547.2 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 | |
8868edaf | 7832 | (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F1<ad46>3.148 E |
74091dd4 CR |
7833 | F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1<ad66>144 559.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) |
7834 | -5.836 E F1<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 | |
8868edaf | 7835 | (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
7836 | (ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 571.2 Q |
7837 | (e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 | |
8868edaf | 7838 | (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 |
74091dd4 CR |
7839 | (It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F1<ad49>3.318 E |
7840 | F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 583.2 S .693 | |
7841 | (riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) | |
7842 | -.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 | |
7843 | F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F | |
7844 | (ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 595.2 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 | |
7845 | (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 | |
7846 | (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F | |
7847 | .379(initially unset.)144 607.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 | |
7848 | (wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 | |
7849 | (ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 619.2 Q(ute or to gi) | |
7850 | -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 | |
7851 | 631.2 Q F0(Each)180 631.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) | |
7852 | -.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E | |
7853 | F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 643.2 Q F0(Each)180 | |
7854 | 643.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H | |
7855 | (rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) | |
7856 | -.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 655.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 | |
7857 | 655.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 667.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 667.2 R .558 | |
7858 | (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 | |
7859 | (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 | |
7860 | (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 679.2 Q F0(abo) | |
7861 | 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) | |
7862 | -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 691.2 Q | |
7863 | F0 .909(When the v)180 691.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 | |
7864 | (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 | |
7865 | G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 703.2 R | |
7866 | (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 715.2 | |
7867 | Q F0(Gi)180 715.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 | |
7868 | (the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 | |
7869 | (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E | |
7870 | 1.518(That other v)180 727.2 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 | |
7871 | F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 | |
7872 | (ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
7873 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(64)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
7874 | %%Page: 65 65 | |
d233b485 CR |
7875 | %%BeginPageSetup |
7876 | BP | |
7877 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7878 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
7879 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(attrib)180 84 Q |
7880 | .227(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.726 E | |
7881 | F0 2.726(,e)C .226(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F/F2 10 | |
7882 | /Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib)2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 | |
7883 | F .808(performed on the v)180 96 R .808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1 | |
7884 | (name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .809 | |
7885 | (nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 | |
7886 | 108 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad72>144 120 Q F0(Mak)180 120 Q(e)-.1 E F1 | |
7887 | (name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 | |
7888 | (hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.154 | |
7889 | (alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 132 Q | |
7890 | F2<ad74>144 144 Q F0(Gi)180 144 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1 | |
7891 | (name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E | |
8868edaf | 7892 | 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 |
74091dd4 CR |
7893 | E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0 |
7894 | (traps from the calling shell.)180 156 Q(The trace attrib)5 E | |
7895 | (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 168 | |
7896 | Q F0 .91(When the v)180 168 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 | |
d233b485 | 7897 | (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
7898 | (ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 180 R(lo) |
7899 | 2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78>144 | |
7900 | 192 Q F0(Mark)180 192 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E | |
7901 | (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 | |
7902 | (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 208.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 | |
7903 | (he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 | |
7904 | (xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F2(+A)2.644 E F0 | |
7905 | .144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 220.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G | |
8868edaf | 7906 | .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 |
d233b485 | 7907 | (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
7908 | F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 232.8 Q F2 |
7909 | (declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 | |
7910 | E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 | |
7911 | (local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 | |
7912 | (command, unless the)3.544 F F2<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205 | |
7913 | (option is supplied.)144 244.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 | |
8868edaf | 7914 | (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 |
d233b485 | 7915 | (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 |
74091dd4 CR |
7916 | (ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 256.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 |
7917 | (hen using)-5.217 F F2<ad61>2.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F2<ad41>2.717 E F0 | |
7918 | .217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 | |
7919 | (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 268.8 R .882 | |
d233b485 CR |
7920 | (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 |
7921 | (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 | |
74091dd4 | 7922 | (alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ |
d233b485 | 7923 | n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
7924 | /F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) |
7925 | -2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 292.8 R .549 | |
7926 | (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 | |
7927 | (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F | |
7928 | 1.748(array v)144 304.8 R 1.748 | |
8868edaf | 7929 | (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 |
74091dd4 CR |
7930 | (Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F |
7931 | F1(names)144 316.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F | |
d233b485 | 7932 | .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G |
74091dd4 | 7933 | .359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 328.8 R 1.213 |
d233b485 | 7934 | (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 |
74091dd4 CR |
7935 | (rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) |
7936 | -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 340.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E | |
7937 | F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 357.6 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][) | |
7938 | C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 369.6 S .329 | |
d233b485 | 7939 | (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) |
74091dd4 CR |
7940 | .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 |
7941 | (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 381.6 R 1.238 | |
7942 | (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 393.6 Q | |
7943 | F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 | |
8868edaf | 7944 | F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 |
74091dd4 CR |
7945 | (The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 405.6 S |
7946 | (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 417.6 Q F0 | |
7947 | (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 417.6 Q | |
7948 | F2<ad6c>144 429.6 Q F0 .881 | |
7949 | (Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 429.6 R .882 | |
d233b485 | 7950 | (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 |
74091dd4 CR |
7951 | 441.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 453.6 Q F0 |
7952 | (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 453.6 Q F2<ad76> | |
7953 | 144 465.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ | |
7954 | pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 465.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 | |
7955 | (nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 477.6 Q F2(+)144 489.6 Q F1(n)A F0 | |
7956 | 1.564(Displays the)180 489.6 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 | |
7957 | (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 | |
7958 | (dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E | |
7959 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 501.6 Q F2<ad>144 513.6 Q F1 | |
7960 | (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 513.6 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 | |
8868edaf CR |
7961 | (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F |
7962 | F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
7963 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 525.6 Q .257(The return v)144 |
7964 | 542.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 | |
8868edaf CR |
7965 | (lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) |
7966 | -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) | |
74091dd4 CR |
7967 | .15 F(tory stack.)144 554.4 Q F2(diso)108 571.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 |
7968 | (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 | |
7969 | (... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .122 | |
7970 | (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) | |
7971 | 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H | |
7972 | 2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 | |
7973 | F .096(neither the)144 595.2 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F | |
7974 | F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E | |
7975 | .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 | |
7976 | <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) | |
7977 | .15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 607.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
7978 | G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F | |
7979 | .585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 | |
7980 | (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 619.2 R -.15 | |
7981 | (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 | |
7982 | (If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 | |
7983 | <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 | |
7984 | H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 631.2 R F2 | |
7985 | <ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F1(jobspec)5.599 E F0 | |
7986 | (ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F | |
7987 | 1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 643.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 | |
7988 | (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E | |
7989 | F2(echo)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) | |
7990 | -.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 672 R F1(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
7991 | .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 | |
7992 | (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 | |
7993 | (error occurs.)144 684 R(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 | |
7994 | (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 | |
7995 | F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 | |
7996 | (ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 | |
7997 | 696 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) | |
7998 | 5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 | |
7999 | (terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8000 | 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 | |
8001 | (ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2 | |
8002 | (xpg_echo)144 720 Q F0 .601 | |
8003 | (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 | |
8004 | F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F | |
8005 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8006 | %%Page: 66 66 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8007 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8008 | BP | |
8009 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8010 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8011 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .659 |
8012 | (escape characters by def)144 84 R(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
8013 | (echo)5.659 E F0 .659(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 | |
8014 | (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) | |
8015 | -.2 E(prets the follo)144 96 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 | |
8016 | 108 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 108 Q F1(\\b)144 120 Q F0(backspace)180 120 | |
8017 | Q F1(\\c)144 132 Q F0(suppress further output)180 132 Q F1(\\e)144 144 Q | |
8018 | (\\E)144 156 Q F0(an escape character)180 156 Q F1(\\f)144 168 Q F0 | |
8019 | (form feed)180 168 Q F1(\\n)144 180 Q F0(ne)180 180 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) | |
8020 | -2.5 E F1(\\r)144 192 Q F0(carriage return)180 192 Q F1(\\t)144 204 Q F0 | |
8021 | (horizontal tab)180 204 Q F1(\\v)144 216 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 216 S | |
8022 | (rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 228 Q F0(backslash)180 228 Q F1(\\0)144 | |
8023 | 240 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) | |
8024 | 180 240 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
8025 | (\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 252 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
8026 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 252 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
8027 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
8028 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 264 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 | |
8029 | 1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 276 R 1.507 | |
8030 | (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) | |
8031 | 4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 288 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 | |
8032 | (\\U)144 300 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 | |
8033 | (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 312 R .547 | |
8034 | (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) | |
8035 | 3.047 E(HHH)180 324 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) | |
8036 | -2.5 E F1(enable)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
8037 | (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
8038 | (][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 352.8 R | |
a0c0a00f | 8039 | .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 |
74091dd4 CR |
8040 | (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 |
8041 | (the same name as a shell b)144 364.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 | |
a0c0a00f | 8042 | (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
8043 | (ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 |
8044 | (the shell normally searches for b)144 376.8 R .989 | |
8045 | (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 | |
8046 | (is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 | |
8047 | (abled; otherwise,)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) | |
8868edaf | 8048 | 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8049 | F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 |
8050 | SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) | |
8051 | 144 400.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 | |
8052 | SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E | |
8053 | F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 412.8 S | |
8868edaf CR |
8054 | 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) |
8055 | 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8056 | (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) |
8057 | 144 424.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 | |
8058 | E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 | |
8059 | (riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 | |
8060 | (directories in which to search for)144 436.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 | |
8061 | 5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F | |
8062 | (The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 | |
8063 | (delete a b)144 448.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) | |
8064 | -.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 | |
8065 | (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8066 | .547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 | |
8067 | (supplied, a list of shell b)144 460.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F | |
8068 | -.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 | |
8069 | (guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 472.8 | |
8070 | R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695 | |
8071 | (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F | |
8072 | (If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 | |
8073 | (list printed includes all b)144 484.8 R .261 | |
8074 | (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F | |
8075 | (If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 | |
8076 | (plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 496.8 R F2(special) | |
8077 | 2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 | |
8078 | (no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 | |
8079 | (is not a shell b)144 508.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 | |
8080 | (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 | |
8081 | (from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 | |
8082 | (si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 520.8 R | |
8083 | F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G | |
8084 | 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E | |
8085 | F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 532.8 S | |
8086 | (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G | |
8087 | (uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 549.6 T(l).15 | |
8088 | E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 561.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 | |
8089 | E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 | |
8090 | (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 | |
8091 | (This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
8092 | .478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 | |
8093 | (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 | |
8094 | (ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) | |
8095 | -2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 585.6 Q | |
8096 | (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 | |
8097 | (exec)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 | |
8098 | (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) | |
8099 | -.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 614.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 | |
8100 | (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 | |
8101 | (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E | |
8102 | (guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 626.4 R .176 | |
8103 | (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G | |
8104 | (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 | |
8105 | (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 | |
8106 | (ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 638.4 R .48(gument passed to) | |
8107 | -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) | |
8108 | 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0 | |
8109 | .48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 650.4 Q F0 .638 | |
8110 | (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 | |
8111 | (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 | |
8112 | (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) | |
8113 | 3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 662.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 | |
8114 | (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 | |
8115 | 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) | |
8116 | .15 F(non-interacti)144 674.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F | |
8117 | .576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 | |
8118 | (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 | |
8119 | F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 686.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) | |
8120 | -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 | |
8121 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 | |
8122 | (xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 698.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 | |
8123 | -.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 | |
8124 | (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) | |
8125 | -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) | |
8126 | .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 710.4 Q | |
8127 | (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G | |
8128 | (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) | |
8129 | 135.955 E(66)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8130 | %%Page: 67 67 | |
d233b485 CR |
8131 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8132 | BP | |
8133 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8134 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8868edaf | 8135 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
74091dd4 CR |
8136 | SF(exit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .096 |
8137 | (Cause the shell to e)144 84 R .096(xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n) | |
8138 | 2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095(is omitted, the e) | |
8139 | 2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 | |
8140 | 96 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0 | |
8141 | (is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1 | |
8142 | (export)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 | |
8143 | E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 124.8 Q F0 | |
8144 | .256(The supplied)144 136.8 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F | |
8145 | .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 | |
8146 | (vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 | |
8147 | (commands. If)144 148.8 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 | |
8148 | (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E | |
8149 | F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E | |
8150 | F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> | |
8151 | 144 160.8 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F | |
8152 | .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 | |
8153 | <ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 172.8 S | |
8154 | 1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8155 | (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G |
8156 | 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) | |
74091dd4 CR |
8157 | -.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 184.8 S .741(lue of the v) |
8158 | .25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8159 | (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 | |
8160 | (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) | |
8161 | .25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 196.8 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 | |
8162 | (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 | |
8163 | F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 | |
8164 | (that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 208.8 Q F1(fc)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 | |
8868edaf | 8165 | E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 |
0001803f | 8166 | <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 |
74091dd4 CR |
8167 | 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 |
8168 | (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 | |
8169 | (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 249.6 R F2<8c72> | |
8170 | 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 | |
8171 | (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 | |
8172 | 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) | |
ac50fbac CR |
8173 | .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 |
8174 | (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) | |
74091dd4 CR |
8175 | 144 273.6 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 |
8176 | F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 | |
8177 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 | |
8178 | (is used as an of)144 285.6 R .071 | |
8868edaf CR |
8179 | (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) |
8180 | 5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 | |
8181 | (of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 | |
74091dd4 | 8182 | (lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 297.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 |
8868edaf | 8183 | (lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 |
74091dd4 | 8184 | (command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 |
8868edaf CR |
8185 | (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F |
8186 | F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 | |
8187 | (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8188 | .092(ing \(so that)144 321.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) |
8189 | 2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72> | |
8190 | 4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E | |
8191 | F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 333.6 Q | |
8192 | (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 357.6 | |
8868edaf | 8193 | Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 |
17345e5a | 8194 | (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E |
0001803f | 8195 | F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 |
74091dd4 | 8196 | (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 369.6 R .438(If the) |
8868edaf | 8197 | 5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 |
17345e5a | 8198 | (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8199 | .335(the editor gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E |
8200 | F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 | |
8868edaf | 8201 | (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 |
74091dd4 CR |
8202 | F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
8203 | (n,).15 E .63(the v)144 393.6 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E | |
8204 | F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 | |
8205 | F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 | |
8206 | (is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 405.6 R .006 | |
8868edaf CR |
8207 | (ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 |
8208 | (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F | |
74091dd4 | 8209 | (x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 417.6 Q .788(In the second form,)144 441.6 R F2 |
d233b485 | 8210 | (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 |
a0c0a00f | 8211 | (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 |
74091dd4 CR |
8212 | (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 |
8213 | E(mand)144 453.6 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> | |
8214 | 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 | |
8215 | (useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 | |
8216 | 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 465.6 Q F4 7.165 | |
8217 | (rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 | |
8218 | (ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) | |
8219 | 3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F | |
8220 | (mand.)144 477.6 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 | |
8221 | 501.6 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 | |
a0c0a00f | 8222 | (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 |
74091dd4 | 8223 | E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 513.6 |
8868edaf | 8224 | R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 |
74091dd4 CR |
8225 | (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 |
8226 | (alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 | |
8227 | (cuted or f).15 F .787 | |
8868edaf | 8228 | (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F |
74091dd4 | 8229 | .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 |
8868edaf | 8230 | (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
8231 | 537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 |
8232 | (does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 549.6 Q | |
8868edaf | 8233 | (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8234 | (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) |
8235 | 144 578.4 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 | |
8868edaf CR |
8236 | (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 |
8237 | (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8238 | 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 590.4 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G |
8239 | .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 | |
8240 | (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 | |
8241 | (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 602.4 Q | |
8242 | .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 | |
8243 | (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 | |
8244 | (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 614.4 Q | |
8245 | F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 | |
8246 | (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E | |
8247 | F1(getopts)108 631.2 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 | |
8248 | (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 643.2 Q F0 .793 | |
8249 | (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 | |
8250 | (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 | |
8251 | (characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 655.2 R .149 | |
8252 | (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 | |
8253 | -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 667.2 Q .578 | |
8254 | (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 | |
8255 | (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 | |
8256 | (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 679.2 R .636 | |
8257 | (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) | |
8258 | 3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 | |
8259 | (tion in the shell v)144 691.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 | |
8260 | (,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) | |
8261 | 2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 | |
8262 | (he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 | |
8263 | (ment to be processed into the v)144 703.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND) | |
8264 | 2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 | |
8265 | (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 | |
8266 | (shell script is in)144 715.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) | |
8267 | .1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) | |
8268 | 3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 | |
8269 | (the v)144 727.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 | |
8270 | .566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 | |
8271 | (automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
8272 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(67)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8273 | %%Page: 68 68 | |
d233b485 CR |
8274 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8275 | BP | |
8276 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8277 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8278 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 |
8279 | (between multiple calls to)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.889 | |
8280 | E F0 .389(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39 | |
8281 | (cation if a ne).2 F 2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F | |
8282 | (be used.)144 96 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 120 | |
8283 | R F1(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F | |
8284 | 2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 132 | |
8285 | Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G | |
8286 | (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 | |
8287 | SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .485 | |
8868edaf | 8288 | (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 |
74091dd4 CR |
8289 | (ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F3(ar)3.315 E |
8290 | (g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 168 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 | |
8291 | (parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 192 Q F0 .345 | |
8868edaf | 8292 | (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8293 | .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 |
8294 | (is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 | |
8295 | (porting is used.)144 204 R 1.668 | |
8296 | (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F | |
8297 | -.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 216 | |
8298 | R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) | |
8299 | -.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F | |
8300 | (will be displayed, e)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 | |
8301 | G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) | |
8302 | 2.72 E .666(If an in)144 252 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) | |
8303 | .25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E | |
8304 | F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 | |
8305 | (and unsets)144 264 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A | |
8306 | F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 | |
8307 | (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899 | |
8308 | E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 | |
8309 | 276 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 300 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) | |
8310 | -.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() | |
8311 | 3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 | |
8312 | (laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 312 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG) | |
8313 | -.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F | |
8314 | (If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 | |
8315 | F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 324 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and) | |
8316 | 2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) | |
8317 | 2.25 E F1(getopts)144 348 Q F0 .902 | |
17345e5a | 8318 | (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) |
74091dd4 CR |
8319 | 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F |
8320 | (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 360 Q F1(hash)108 376.8 | |
8321 | Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E | |
8322 | F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 | |
8323 | (Each time)144 388.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 | |
8324 | G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name) | |
a0c0a00f | 8325 | 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 |
74091dd4 | 8326 | (the directories in)144 400.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 8327 | .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 |
74091dd4 CR |
8328 | (viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 412.8 |
8329 | R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 | |
8330 | (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3 | |
8331 | (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 | |
8332 | (of the command.)144 424.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 | |
8868edaf | 8333 | (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 |
74091dd4 CR |
8334 | (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0 |
8335 | (op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 436.8 R .294 | |
8336 | (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) | |
8337 | C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293 | |
8338 | (option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 | |
8339 | 448.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 | |
8340 | (If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 | |
8341 | (guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 460.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0 | |
8342 | 2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175 | |
8343 | (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 | |
8344 | <ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 | |
8345 | (be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 472.8 R .783 | |
8868edaf | 8346 | (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 |
74091dd4 CR |
8347 | (n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 |
8348 | (supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 484.8 R | |
8349 | .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 496.8 Q | |
8868edaf | 8350 | F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) |
74091dd4 CR |
8351 | .25 E F1(help)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 |
8352 | (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 | |
8353 | 525.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 | |
8354 | .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 | |
8355 | G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 | |
8356 | 537.6 R F3(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 | |
8357 | (therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 | |
8358 | (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 549.6 Q F1 | |
8359 | <ad64>144 561.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 561.6 Q F3 | |
8360 | (pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 573.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) | |
8361 | 180 573.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G | |
8362 | (ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 | |
8363 | (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 585.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 | |
8364 | E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 602.4 Q F3 | |
8365 | (pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 619.2 Q F3(n)A F1(])A | |
8366 | (history \255c)108 631.2 Q(history \255d)108 643.2 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset) | |
8367 | -.18 E F1(history \255d)108 655.2 Q F3(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F3(end)A F1 | |
8368 | (history \255anrw)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 | |
8369 | (history \255p)108 679.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5 | |
8370 | (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 691.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g) | |
8371 | -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 | |
8372 | 703.2 S .752 | |
8373 | (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F | |
8374 | .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 | |
8375 | G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 715.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 | |
8376 | F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 | |
8377 | (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) | |
8378 | 2.88 E(MA)144 727.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 1.491 | |
8379 | (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)3.741 F F3 | |
8380 | (strftime)3.992 E F0 1.492(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B | |
8381 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(68)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8382 | %%Page: 69 69 | |
d233b485 CR |
8383 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8384 | BP | |
8385 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8386 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8387 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .379 |
8388 | (associated with each displayed history entry)144 84 R 5.379(.N)-.65 G | |
8389 | 2.878(oi)-5.379 G(nterv)-2.878 E .378 | |
8390 | (ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .814 | |
8391 | (ted time stamp and the history line.)144 96 R(If)5.814 E/F1 10 | |
8392 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814 | |
8393 | (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F | |
8394 | (\214le; if not, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
8395 | (HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15 | |
8396 | (ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
8397 | <ad63>144 120 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) | |
8398 | 180 120 Q F3<ad64>144 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 | |
8399 | (Delete the history entry at position)180 144 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 | |
8400 | E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 | |
8401 | F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 | |
8402 | G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8403 | .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 156 R -.05 | |
8404 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 | |
8405 | (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 168 Q 2.5(,a) | |
d233b485 | 8406 | -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G |
74091dd4 CR |
8407 | (efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 |
8408 | <ad64>144 180 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F1(end)A F0 1.25 | |
8409 | (Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 192 R F1 | |
8410 | (start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F1(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E | |
8411 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 204 | |
8412 | Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F1(start) | |
8413 | 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 | |
8414 | E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3<ad61>144 216 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 216 | |
8415 | R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564 | |
8416 | (istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 | |
8417 | (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 228 Q | |
8418 | (ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E | |
8419 | (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 240 Q | |
8868edaf | 8420 | F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ |
74091dd4 CR |
8421 | into the current history list.)180 240 R .772 |
8422 | (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 252 R | |
8423 | .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E | |
8424 | (sion.)180 264 Q F3<ad72>144 276 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ | |
8425 | \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 276 Q F3<ad77> | |
8426 | 144 288 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 | |
8427 | 288 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G | |
8428 | (ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 300 Q F0 .626 | |
8429 | (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 300 R(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) | |
8430 | 3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F | |
8431 | 2.975(output. Does)180 312 R .475 | |
8432 | (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) | |
d233b485 | 8433 | 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8434 | (normal history e)180 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 336 Q F0 .363 |
8435 | (Store the)180 336 R F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 | |
8436 | (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 | |
8437 | (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 348 Q -.15(ve) | |
8438 | -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 | |
8439 | (are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 364.8 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) | |
d233b485 | 8440 | -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 |
0001803f | 8441 | (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) |
74091dd4 CR |
8442 | .25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 376.8 R .669 |
8443 | (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 | |
8444 | (hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 388.8 R .956 | |
8445 | (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 | |
8446 | (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 | |
8447 | (are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 400.8 R .833 | |
8448 | (wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F | |
8449 | .832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 412.8 S .168(lid option\ | |
8868edaf | 8450 | is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ |
74091dd4 CR |
8451 | \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) |
8452 | 144 424.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 | |
8453 | (gument to)-.18 F F3<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 | |
8454 | (he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 | |
8455 | (gument to)-.18 F F3<ad70>144 436.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs) | |
8456 | 108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ]) | |
8457 | 2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 465.6 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E | |
8458 | (gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 477.6 Q .3 | |
8459 | -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
8460 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F0 | |
8461 | (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 489.6 Q F3 | |
8462 | <ad6e>144 501.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) | |
8463 | 180 501.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 | |
8464 | F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 513.6 Q F3<ad70> | |
8465 | 144 525.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 525.6 Q 2.5(sp) | |
8466 | -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad72>144 537.6 Q F0 | |
8467 | (Display only running jobs.)180 537.6 Q F3<ad73>144 549.6 Q F0 | |
8468 | (Display only stopped jobs.)180 549.6 Q(If)144 566.4 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 | |
8868edaf CR |
8469 | E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 |
8470 | (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) | |
74091dd4 | 8471 | -.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 578.4 Q -.25 |
8868edaf | 8472 | (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 |
74091dd4 CR |
8473 | E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 595.2 R F3 |
8474 | <ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 | |
8475 | .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) | |
8476 | 3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 | |
8477 | (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 607.2 Q | |
8478 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) | |
8868edaf | 8479 | 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
8480 | E F3(kill)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 |
8481 | <ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 | |
8482 | (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 | |
8483 | (kill \255l)108 636 Q F0(|)A F3<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 | |
8484 | E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) | |
8485 | 144 648 R F1(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F1(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 | |
8486 | (to the processes named by)2.837 F F1(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F1 | |
8487 | (jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 | |
8488 | (either a case-insensiti)144 660 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 | |
8489 | (ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 | |
8490 | (\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 | |
8491 | (pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 672 Q F1(signum)3.268 E F0 | |
8492 | .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F1(sigspec) | |
8493 | 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F2(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 | |
8494 | (is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 684 R | |
8495 | F3<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 | |
8496 | F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F | |
8497 | F3<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 | |
8498 | (n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 696 R | |
8499 | .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E | |
8500 | F1 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) | |
8501 | 144 708 R F3<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799 | |
8502 | (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 | |
8503 | (xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 720 R | |
8504 | (The)5.962 E F3<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
8505 | G .962(lent to).25 F F3<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F3(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 | |
8506 | (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 | |
8507 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(69)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8508 | %%Page: 70 70 | |
d233b485 CR |
8509 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8510 | BP | |
8511 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8512 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8513 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E |
8514 | (successfully sent, or f)144 84 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E | |
8515 | -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
8516 | (let)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
8517 | (ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 112.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
8518 | .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) | |
8519 | -.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV) | |
8520 | 2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve) | |
8521 | -.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 124.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
8522 | -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 | |
8523 | (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 | |
8868edaf | 8524 | E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C |
74091dd4 | 8525 | (.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 153.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) |
8868edaf CR |
8526 | -2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 |
8527 | (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E | |
8528 | F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F | |
74091dd4 | 8529 | (an)144 165.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 |
8868edaf CR |
8530 | (he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) |
8531 | C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 | |
ac50fbac | 8532 | (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 |
74091dd4 | 8533 | 177.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H |
8868edaf CR |
8534 | .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F |
8535 | (If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 | |
74091dd4 | 8536 | (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 189.6 R F1 |
8868edaf | 8537 | (local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 |
74091dd4 | 8538 | (d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 201.6 R F1(set) |
8868edaf CR |
8539 | 3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 |
8540 | (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 | |
74091dd4 | 8541 | (alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 213.6 R .88 |
8868edaf CR |
8542 | (restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E |
8543 | F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 | |
8544 | (cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 | |
74091dd4 | 8545 | (that were in place before the function.)144 225.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 |
8868edaf | 8546 | (th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) |
74091dd4 | 8547 | 3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 237.6 R |
8868edaf CR |
8548 | .654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 |
8549 | (when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F | |
74091dd4 | 8550 | (unless)144 249.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) |
8868edaf CR |
8551 | 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E |
8552 | F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 | |
74091dd4 | 8553 | 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 266.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 283.2 Q F0 |
d233b485 CR |
8554 | ([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) |
8555 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> | |
8556 | -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> | |
8557 | -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E | |
8558 | F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E | |
74091dd4 | 8559 | (ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 295.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 |
d233b485 CR |
8560 | <ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 |
8561 | (][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 | |
8562 | (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 | |
8563 | (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) | |
8564 | C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 | |
74091dd4 | 8565 | (])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R |
8868edaf CR |
8566 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 |
8567 | (arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 | |
74091dd4 | 8568 | (rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 319.2 |
8868edaf CR |
8569 | R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 |
8570 | F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 | |
8571 | E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) | |
74091dd4 CR |
8572 | -6.249 F(ha)144 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E |
8573 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 343.2 Q F0 .911 | |
8574 | (The \214rst character of)180 343.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 | |
8868edaf | 8575 | (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 |
74091dd4 | 8576 | (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 355.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 |
d233b485 | 8577 | (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) |
74091dd4 | 8578 | 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 367.2 Q F0(Cop)180 367.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 |
d233b485 | 8579 | (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) |
74091dd4 CR |
8580 | 2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 379.2 Q F0(Be)180 |
8581 | 379.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 | |
8868edaf | 8582 | E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8583 | 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 391.2 Q F0 |
8584 | (Discard the \214rst)180 391.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 | |
8585 | <ad74>144 403.2 Q F0(Remo)180 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 | |
a0c0a00f | 8586 | E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8587 | (wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 415.2 Q F0 |
8588 | (Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 415.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
8589 | (instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 427.2 Q F0(Ev)180 | |
8590 | 427.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f | 8591 | (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
8592 | (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 439.2 |
8593 | Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 439.2 Q | |
8594 | F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 456 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 | |
8868edaf | 8595 | (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 |
ac50fbac CR |
8596 | (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 |
8597 | (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 | |
74091dd4 | 8598 | (luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 468 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G |
8868edaf CR |
8599 | 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ |
8600 | ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 | |
74091dd4 | 8601 | (as additional ar)144 480 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E |
8868edaf CR |
8602 | F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 |
8603 | (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8604 | (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 492 Q |
8605 | (If not supplied with an e)144 508.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 | |
ac50fbac | 8606 | (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 |
74091dd4 | 8607 | (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 525.6 Q F0 .797 |
8868edaf CR |
8608 | (returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 |
8609 | (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) | |
74091dd4 | 8610 | 3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 537.6 S |
8868edaf CR |
8611 | (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 |
8612 | (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
8613 | F1(popd)108 554.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 |
8614 | 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 | |
8615 | (se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 | |
8616 | (The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 | |
8617 | (directory listed by)144 578.4 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 | |
8618 | (ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 | |
8619 | (ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) | |
8620 | -3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 590.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E | |
8621 | 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 | |
8622 | H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 602.4 Q F0 .551 | |
8623 | (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 602.4 R .551 | |
8868edaf | 8624 | (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8625 | (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 614.4 Q F1(+)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A |
8626 | F0(Remo)180 626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E | |
8627 | F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 | |
8628 | F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 | |
8629 | (from the stack.)180 638.4 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:) | |
8630 | -3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15 | |
8631 | (ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 | |
8632 | .78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 650.4 Q F1<ad>144 | |
8633 | 662.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 | |
8634 | E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho) | |
8635 | B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with) | |
8636 | -3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 674.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0) | |
8637 | 2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E | |
8638 | (,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 | |
8639 | (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 | |
8640 | 691.2 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 | |
8641 | F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 703.2 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 | |
8642 | (bu)2.697 G .196 | |
8643 | (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 | |
8644 | (If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 | |
8645 | E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 715.2 Q(alue.)-.25 E | |
8646 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(70)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8647 | %%Page: 71 71 | |
d233b485 CR |
8648 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8649 | BP | |
8650 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8651 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8652 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Otherwise,)144 84 |
8653 | Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 | |
8654 | (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 | |
8655 | (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) | |
8656 | -.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 96 Q | |
8657 | (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144 | |
8658 | 112.8 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 | |
8659 | F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 | |
8660 | (he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F | |
8661 | (stack, and the return status is 0.)144 124.8 Q F1(printf)108 141.6 Q F0 | |
8662 | ([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format) | |
8663 | 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted) | |
8664 | 144 153.6 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 | |
8665 | (to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 | |
8666 | E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 | |
8667 | (tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 165.6 R(ariable)-.25 | |
8868edaf | 8668 | E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 |
74091dd4 | 8669 | F(output.)144 177.6 Q(The)144 201.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ |
8868edaf | 8670 | aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ |
74091dd4 CR |
8671 | which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ |
8672 | ape sequences, which are con)144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 | |
ac50fbac | 8673 | (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ |
74091dd4 CR |
8674 | \214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 225.6 R .037 |
8675 | (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 237.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 | |
8676 | 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 | |
8677 | (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 | |
8678 | E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 249.6 Q | |
8679 | (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 261.6 Q F0(causes)180 261.6 Q F1(printf) | |
8680 | 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 | |
ac50fbac | 8681 | (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) |
74091dd4 CR |
8682 | 2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 273.6 Q(ay as) |
8683 | -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 285.6 Q F0(causes)180 285.6 Q | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8684 | F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E |
8685 | (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8686 | (input.)180 297.6 Q F1(%Q)144 309.6 Q F0(lik)180 309.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q) |
8687 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
8688 | (upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 | |
8689 | (before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 321.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 | |
8690 | (causes)180 333.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 | |
8691 | (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) | |
8692 | 4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 345.6 R F2 | |
ac50fbac | 8693 | (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) |
495aee44 | 8694 | 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 |
74091dd4 CR |
8695 | (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 |
8696 | 357.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F | |
8697 | .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 | |
8698 | (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 369.6 R | |
8699 | .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) | |
8700 | 3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 381.6 R -.15 | |
d233b485 CR |
8701 | (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 |
8702 | G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 | |
8703 | G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8704 | F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 393.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 |
8705 | (The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 410.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G | |
8706 | .901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 | |
8707 | (guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) | |
8708 | 144 422.4 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 | |
8709 | (ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 | |
8868edaf | 8710 | (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8711 | (which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 434.4 Q |
8712 | (Ar)144 451.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ | |
8713 | ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F | |
8714 | 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 463.2 R 1.259 | |
495aee44 | 8715 | (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) |
74091dd4 CR |
8716 | -.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 475.2 Q(alue of the follo) |
8717 | -.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 492 Q F2(format)2.515 E F0 | |
8718 | .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E | |
8719 | (guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) | |
8720 | 2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 | |
8721 | 504 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 | |
8868edaf | 8722 | (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) |
74091dd4 CR |
8723 | .15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) |
8724 | -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 516 Q(The return v)5 E | |
ac50fbac | 8725 | (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) |
74091dd4 CR |
8726 | 108 532.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C |
8727 | <ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 544.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 | |
8728 | 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ | |
8729 | rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 556.8 R 3.139(wt) | |
8730 | -.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 568.8 R .088 | |
8731 | (orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F | |
8732 | (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 | |
8733 | (changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F | |
8734 | (the directory stack.)144 580.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E | |
8735 | .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 | |
8736 | 592.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ | |
8737 | g or adding directories to the)180 592.8 R | |
8738 | (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 604.8 Q F1(+)144 | |
8739 | 616.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 616.8 R F2(n) | |
8868edaf | 8740 | 3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B |
74091dd4 CR |
8741 | 1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 628.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C |
8742 | (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 640.8 Q F2(n)A F0 | |
8743 | .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 640.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 | |
8868edaf | 8744 | (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
8745 | F F1(dirs)180 652.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) |
8746 | -2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 664.8 Q F0(Adds)180 664.8 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 | |
8747 | (to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 | |
8748 | (After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 681.6 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E | |
8749 | F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 | |
8750 | .435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F | |
8751 | (change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 693.6 Q(If the)5 E | |
8752 | F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 | |
8753 | (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 | |
8754 | 710.4 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 | |
8755 | (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .881 | |
8756 | (When rotating the directory stack,)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.381 E F0 .881 | |
8757 | (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-)3.381 F | |
8758 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(71)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8759 | %%Page: 72 72 | |
d233b485 CR |
8760 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8761 | BP | |
8762 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8763 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8764 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S |
8765 | (istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.).15 E 1.278(If the)144 | |
8766 | 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 | |
8767 | (command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 | |
8768 | (to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 | |
8769 | (he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 112.8 Q F1 | |
8770 | (pwd)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 | |
8771 | (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 141.6 R .845 | |
8772 | (orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 | |
8868edaf | 8773 | (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
8774 | 153.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 |
8775 | .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 | |
8868edaf | 8776 | (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 |
74091dd4 | 8777 | (enabled. If)144 165.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 |
8868edaf CR |
8778 | (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 |
8779 | F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
8780 | reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 177.6 R -.25(va) |
8781 | -.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 189.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 | |
8782 | 206.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 | |
8783 | E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E | |
8784 | F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E | |
8785 | F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 | |
8786 | (][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 | |
8787 | <ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E | |
8788 | F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A | |
8789 | ([)108 218.4 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ | |
8790 | tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 230.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E | |
8791 | F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 242.4 Q | |
8792 | F1<ad75>2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 | |
8793 | (ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 | |
8868edaf | 8794 | (Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) |
74091dd4 | 8795 | -2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 254.4 R F2 |
8868edaf | 8796 | (name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 |
74091dd4 | 8797 | (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 |
8868edaf | 8798 | (nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 |
74091dd4 CR |
8799 | (than names, the remaining w)144 266.4 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 |
8800 | F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E | |
8801 | F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 278.4 R .875(wer w) | |
8868edaf | 8802 | -.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ |
74091dd4 | 8803 | ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 290.4 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F |
8868edaf CR |
8804 | .517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 |
8805 | (are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8806 | (ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 302.4 R |
8807 | .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 | |
8868edaf | 8808 | -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 |
74091dd4 CR |
8809 | (backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 |
8810 | (be used to remo)144 314.4 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H | |
8868edaf CR |
8811 | .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 |
8812 | (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
8813 | (tions, if supplied, ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E |
8814 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 338.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 | |
8815 | (The w)180 350.4 R 1.026 | |
17345e5a | 8816 | (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) |
74091dd4 CR |
8817 | -.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F |
8818 | F2(aname)180.33 362.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 | |
8819 | -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 | |
8820 | (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 374.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E | |
8821 | F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 386.4 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 | |
8868edaf | 8822 | (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 |
74091dd4 CR |
8823 | (wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 398.4 Q F0 |
8824 | (is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 | |
8825 | (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
8826 | <ad65>144 410.4 Q F0 .373 | |
8827 | (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 410.4 R F1 -.18 | |
8868edaf CR |
8828 | (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) |
8829 | 2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E | |
74091dd4 | 8830 | .218(to obtain the line.)180 422.4 R .218 |
ac50fbac CR |
8831 | (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 |
8832 | (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
8833 | (acti)180 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E |
8834 | (ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E | |
8835 | (ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 446.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) | |
8836 | -.2 E F0(If)180 446.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 | |
8837 | (is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 | |
8868edaf | 8838 | (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) |
74091dd4 CR |
8839 | -.25 F(ing be)180 458.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E |
8840 | (har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 482.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 | |
8841 | (returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 | |
8868edaf | 8842 | (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 |
74091dd4 CR |
8843 | (aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 494.4 Q |
8844 | (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 | |
8845 | E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
8846 | <ad4e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S | |
8847 | (ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) | |
8868edaf CR |
8848 | 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F |
8849 | 1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 | |
74091dd4 | 8850 | (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 530.4 R F1 -.18(re) |
8868edaf CR |
8851 | 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 |
8852 | (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8853 | (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 542.4 |
8854 | R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) | |
8855 | 3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 554.4 R .608 | |
8856 | (The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 | |
8857 | 3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 566.4 S .67 | |
a0c0a00f | 8858 | (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 |
8868edaf | 8859 | (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 |
74091dd4 CR |
8860 | (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 578.4 Q F0 |
8861 | (option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 | |
8862 | E F0(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 | |
8868edaf | 8863 | (on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) |
74091dd4 | 8864 | -3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q |
d233b485 | 8865 | 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8866 | (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 |
8867 | <ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) | |
8868 | 180 626.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 | |
8868edaf | 8869 | (he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 |
74091dd4 | 8870 | 638.4 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E |
d233b485 | 8871 | .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) |
74091dd4 CR |
8872 | 180 650.4 Q F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 662.4 Q |
8873 | (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 | |
8874 | <ad74>144 674.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 | |
8868edaf CR |
8875 | G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 |
8876 | (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 | |
74091dd4 CR |
8877 | (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 698.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E |
8878 | F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) | |
8879 | 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 710.4 Q | |
8868edaf | 8880 | (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E |
74091dd4 | 8881 | .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ |
8868edaf | 8882 | g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 |
74091dd4 CR |
8883 | 722.4 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q |
8884 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
8885 | %%Page: 73 73 | |
d233b485 CR |
8886 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8887 | BP | |
8888 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8889 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
8890 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .59(from re)180 84 |
8891 | R .59(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09 | |
8892 | G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa) | |
8893 | 3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 | |
8894 | (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable) | |
8895 | .25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2 | |
8896 | (timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27 | |
8897 | (returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an) | |
8898 | -2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 108 R .228 | |
8899 | (xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228 | |
8900 | (ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727 | |
8901 | (rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F 1.224(turn EOF)180 120 R | |
8902 | 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 F 1.224(The e)6.224 F | |
8903 | 1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 | |
8904 | E(ceeded.)180 132 Q F1<ad75>144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
8905 | (Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 | |
8906 | (If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 | |
8868edaf | 8907 | (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8908 | .522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 |
8909 | 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 | |
8868edaf | 8910 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 |
74091dd4 CR |
8911 | (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 |
8912 | (re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 | |
8868edaf | 8913 | (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
8914 | 184.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 |
8915 | (signing to a readonly v)144 196.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) | |
8868edaf | 8916 | -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) |
74091dd4 CR |
8917 | .25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 |
8918 | 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E | |
8919 | F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) | |
8920 | -2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 8921 | .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 |
74091dd4 CR |
8922 | F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 |
8923 | (quent assignment.)144 249.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 | |
8924 | 1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 | |
8925 | (names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) | |
8926 | -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 | |
17345e5a | 8927 | (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) |
74091dd4 CR |
8928 | -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) |
8929 | -.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 | |
8930 | (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E | |
8931 | F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) | |
8932 | 3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve) | |
8933 | -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 | |
495aee44 | 8934 | (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F |
74091dd4 CR |
8935 | .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ |
8936 | to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 | |
8937 | <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 | |
495aee44 | 8938 | (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) |
74091dd4 CR |
8939 | 144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 |
8940 | 321.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) | |
8941 | -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) | |
495aee44 CR |
8942 | 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) |
8943 | -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) | |
74091dd4 CR |
8944 | 144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) |
8945 | -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 | |
8946 | (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0 | |
8947 | (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 | |
8948 | E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R | |
8949 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 | |
8950 | (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F | |
8951 | 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 | |
8952 | (the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe) | |
8953 | -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E | |
8954 | F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
8955 | G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 | |
a0c0a00f | 8956 | (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) |
74091dd4 CR |
8957 | -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) |
8958 | 144 410.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 | |
8959 | E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 | |
8868edaf | 8960 | E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E |
74091dd4 CR |
8961 | .885(mine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G |
8962 | .886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E | |
8963 | (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) | |
8964 | .4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 434.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 | |
8965 | (is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) | |
8966 | -.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E | |
8967 | F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 | |
8968 | (causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 | |
8969 | (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 | |
8970 | (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) | |
8971 | 144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F | |
8972 | .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 | |
8973 | (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 | |
8974 | (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444 | |
8975 | (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E | |
8976 | (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 | |
8977 | (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15 | |
8978 | (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E | |
8979 | F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E | |
8980 | .749(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 | |
a0c0a00f | 8981 | (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
8982 | G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1 |
8983 | (set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
8984 | <ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
8985 | (][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 | |
8986 | (set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) | |
8987 | -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
8988 | <ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 | |
8989 | 547.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 | |
8990 | (alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 | |
8991 | (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 | |
8992 | (as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2 R 2.613 | |
8993 | (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 | |
8994 | (riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 571.2 | |
8995 | R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) | |
8996 | -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 | |
8997 | F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 583.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 | |
8998 | (et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G | |
8999 | -.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 | |
9000 | (tion processing are treated as v)144 595.2 R .161 | |
9001 | (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F | |
9002 | 2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 607.2 Q F0(,)A F1 | |
9003 | 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 | |
9004 | (ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 619.2 Q F0 | |
9005 | 1.377(Each v)184 619.2 R 1.377 | |
a0c0a00f | 9006 | (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) |
74091dd4 CR |
9007 | -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F |
9008 | 1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 631.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 | |
9009 | E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 643.2 Q F0 .132 | |
9010 | (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 643.2 R | |
9011 | 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E | |
9012 | (primary prompt.)184 655.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) | |
9013 | -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 667.2 Q F0 | |
9014 | .087(Exit immediately if a)184 667.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 | |
9015 | (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F | |
9016 | F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 679.2 Q | |
9017 | F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 | |
9018 | (SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F | |
9019 | 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 | |
9020 | 691.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 | |
9021 | (ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 703.2 Q | |
9022 | 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 | |
9023 | -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 | |
9024 | (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) | |
9025 | 4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 715.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) | |
9026 | -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 | |
9027 | (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 | |
9028 | (xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 727.2 R | |
9029 | F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) | |
9030 | -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 | |
9031 | (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E | |
9032 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(73)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9033 | %%Page: 74 74 | |
d233b485 CR |
9034 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9035 | BP | |
9036 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9037 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9038 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)184 84 S |
9039 | .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with).15 F/F1 10 | |
9040 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 | |
9041 | (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 | |
9042 | (non-zero status because a command f)184 96 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1 | |
9043 | <ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 | |
9044 | (eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 108 R 2.677 | |
9045 | (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 | |
9046 | (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 | |
9047 | (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 | |
9048 | (option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 120 R .617 | |
a0c0a00f | 9049 | (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) |
74091dd4 CR |
9050 | -.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR) |
9051 | 184 132 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 | |
a0c0a00f | 9052 | (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 |
74091dd4 CR |
9053 | (xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 144 Q |
9054 | .999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 162 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
9055 | .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E F0 .998 | |
9056 | (is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 174 R -.15 | |
8868edaf | 9057 | (xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F |
74091dd4 | 9058 | .503(will be af)184 186 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 |
8868edaf | 9059 | .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
9060 | <ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 |
9061 | (ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 198 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 | |
9062 | (ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F1<ad65>4.184 E F0 | |
9063 | 1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) | |
9064 | -.15 E(where)184 210 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 | |
9065 | (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 | |
9066 | -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F | |
9067 | (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 222 Q F1 | |
9068 | <ad66>144 234 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 234 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
9069 | <ad68>144 246 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 246 | |
8868edaf | 9070 | R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) |
74091dd4 CR |
9071 | -.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 258 |
9072 | Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 270 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 270 R .514 | |
17345e5a | 9073 | (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 |
74091dd4 CR |
9074 | F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F |
9075 | (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 282 Q F1 | |
9076 | <ad6d>144 294 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 294 R .148 | |
9077 | (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F | |
9078 | .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 | |
9079 | (on systems that support it \(see)184 306 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F | |
9080 | (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 | |
9081 | (processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 318 R .679 | |
d233b485 | 9082 | (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ |
74091dd4 CR |
9083 | s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 330 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 342 Q F0 .653 |
9084 | (Read commands b)184 342 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 | |
9085 | (cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) | |
9086 | 5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 354 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 | |
9087 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 366 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
9088 | (option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 378 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 | |
9089 | (can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 390 Q F0 | |
9090 | (Same as)224 402 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 414 Q F0 | |
9091 | (Same as)224 426 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 438 Q F0 .089 | |
9092 | (Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 438 R 2.589 | |
d233b485 | 9093 | (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 |
74091dd4 | 9094 | (when the shell is interacti)224 450 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 |
d233b485 | 9095 | (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E |
74091dd4 | 9096 | F0 2.5(option. This)224 462 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) |
d233b485 | 9097 | -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) |
74091dd4 CR |
9098 | 184 474 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 474 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 |
9099 | (errtrace)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 486 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
9100 | (functrace)184 498 Q F0(Same as)224 510 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
9101 | (hashall)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
9102 | (histexpand)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
9103 | (history)184 558 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 558 R 3.087(,a) | |
d233b485 CR |
9104 | -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 |
9105 | H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF | |
74091dd4 | 9106 | (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 570 Q |
d233b485 | 9107 | (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 |
74091dd4 | 9108 | 582 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 594 R 1.657 |
d233b485 | 9109 | (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) |
74091dd4 CR |
9110 | 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 |
9111 | 606 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) | |
9112 | .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 618 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 630 Q F1 | |
9113 | <ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 | |
9114 | E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 654 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad43>2.5 | |
9115 | E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A | |
9116 | F1(noglob)184 690 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) | |
9117 | 184 702 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 702 Q F1(notify)184 714 Q F0 | |
9118 | (Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
9119 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(74)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9120 | %%Page: 75 75 | |
17345e5a JA |
9121 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9122 | BP | |
9123 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9124 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
9125 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9126 | SF(nounset)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd) |
9127 | 184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 108 Q | |
9128 | (ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 108 Q F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 | |
9129 | 120 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 120 R 1.029 | |
9130 | (alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 | |
9131 | (alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 132 R | |
d233b485 | 9132 | 1.136 |
a0c0a00f | 9133 | (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) |
74091dd4 CR |
9134 | -.15 F -.15(ex)224 144 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G |
9135 | (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 156 Q F0 | |
9136 | 2.09(Change the beha)224 156 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9137 | 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 |
9138 | (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9139 | 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 |
9140 | /Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954 | |
9141 | (for a reference to a document that details ho)224 180 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G | |
9142 | .955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-) | |
9143 | -3.455 E(ha)224 192 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 204 Q(vileged)-.1 E | |
9144 | F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 228 S(rbose).1 E | |
9145 | F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 240 Q F0 .209 | |
9146 | (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 240 R 2.709(ace. This) | |
9147 | -.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 | |
9148 | 252 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 | |
9149 | (xtrace)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 282 Q | |
9150 | F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) | |
9151 | 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 | |
9152 | (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 | |
9153 | 294 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 | |
9154 | 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 | |
9155 | (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F | |
9156 | (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 306 Q F1<ad70> | |
9157 | 144 318 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 318 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 | |
9158 | (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F | |
9159 | F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 | |
9160 | (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 | |
9161 | (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 330 R 1.5 | |
9162 | (vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 | |
9163 | -.27(BA)184 342 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) | |
9164 | .855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G | |
9165 | .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F | |
9166 | (vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 354 R .38 | |
9167 | (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) | |
9168 | -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 | |
9169 | (user \(group\) id, and the)184 366 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 | |
9170 | (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 | |
9171 | (en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 | |
0001803f | 9172 | (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> |
74091dd4 CR |
9173 | 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 |
9174 | E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G | |
9175 | .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 | |
9176 | F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F | |
9177 | (set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad72>144 414 Q F0 | |
9178 | (Enable restricted shell mode.)184 414 Q | |
9179 | (This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 426 Q | |
9180 | F0(Exit after reading and e)184 426 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
9181 | (cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 438 S .774 | |
9182 | (eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ | |
9183 | parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 450 R .459(ariables \ | |
9184 | subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e) | |
9185 | -.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 462 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391 | |
9186 | (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 | |
9187 | F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F | |
9188 | (error message, and, if not interacti)184 474 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) | |
9189 | .15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0 | |
9190 | (Print shell input lines as the)184 486 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E | |
9191 | F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)184 498 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 | |
9192 | .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 | |
9193 | (command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E | |
9194 | F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) | |
9195 | .25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F | |
9196 | 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 | |
9197 | (wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E | |
9198 | (guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0 | |
9199 | 1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 534 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F | |
9200 | F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706 | |
9201 | (\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 546 S(ult.).1 E F1 | |
9202 | <ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214 | |
9203 | (does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 | |
9204 | (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 | |
9205 | 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F | |
9206 | 3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 | |
ac50fbac | 9207 | (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) |
74091dd4 CR |
9208 | .15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 |
9209 | <ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 594 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 | |
9210 | (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 | |
9211 | (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 | |
9212 | F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 | |
9213 | F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 | |
9214 | (trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1 | |
9215 | <ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)184 630 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 | |
9216 | (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 | |
9217 | F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15 | |
9218 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 .959 | |
9219 | (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 654 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 | |
9220 | (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 | |
9221 | (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 | |
9222 | (that change the current w)184 666 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 | |
9223 | (.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 | |
9224 | (ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 678 R(def) | |
9225 | 3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 | |
17345e5a | 9226 | (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9227 | (mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 |
9228 | 702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 702 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 | |
8868edaf CR |
9229 | (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 |
9230 | (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 | |
74091dd4 | 9231 | (substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 |
8868edaf | 9232 | (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9233 | (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0 |
9234 | (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 | |
9235 | 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(75)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9236 | %%Page: 76 76 | |
d233b485 CR |
9237 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9238 | BP | |
9239 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9240 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
9241 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9242 | SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F |
9243 | 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 | |
9244 | (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F | |
9245 | (Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 | |
9246 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) | |
9247 | .15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E | |
9248 | F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 .796 | |
9249 | (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)3.297 E | |
9250 | (g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797 | |
9251 | (ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 120 R F1 | |
9252 | <ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 | |
9253 | (options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) | |
9254 | 3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B | |
9255 | (rameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 148.8 | |
9256 | R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 | |
9257 | (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 | |
9258 | (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 | |
9259 | (to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 | |
17345e5a | 9260 | (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) |
74091dd4 CR |
9261 | -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 |
9262 | (current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 9263 | 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 |
74091dd4 CR |
9264 | (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F |
9265 | (is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 | |
9266 | (])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 | |
9267 | .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G | |
9268 | .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582 | |
9269 | E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 | |
9270 | (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) | |
9271 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) | |
9272 | .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 | |
9273 | (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9274 | .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F |
9275 | (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9276 | (,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R |
9277 | .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 | |
9278 | .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 | |
9279 | (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) | |
0001803f | 9280 | 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) |
74091dd4 | 9281 | -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 |
ac50fbac | 9282 | (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9283 | 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 |
9284 | (listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H | |
9285 | 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 | |
ac50fbac | 9286 | (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 |
74091dd4 CR |
9287 | F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 |
9288 | (bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 314.4 R .066 | |
8868edaf CR |
9289 | (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066 |
9290 | (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 | |
74091dd4 | 9291 | F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2 |
8868edaf CR |
9292 | (optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 |
9293 | (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 | |
74091dd4 | 9294 | (tions. The)144 338.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ |
8868edaf | 9295 | be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 |
74091dd4 CR |
9296 | E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E |
9297 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 | |
9298 | 362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0 | |
9299 | (Disable \(unset\) each)180 374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 | |
9300 | 386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ | |
9301 | tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E | |
9302 | .256(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 | |
9303 | E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G | |
9304 | (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 | |
9305 | (he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E | |
9306 | F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0 | |
9307 | (Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 | |
d233b485 | 9308 | (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
9309 | E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 439.2 R F1 |
9310 | <ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) | |
d233b485 | 9311 | 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 |
74091dd4 CR |
9312 | E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 |
9313 | (set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) | |
9314 | -.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 | |
9315 | (options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 463.2 S(ult.) | |
9316 | .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 480 | |
9317 | R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F | |
8868edaf | 9318 | .696 |
17345e5a | 9319 | (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) |
74091dd4 CR |
9320 | 144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) |
9321 | -.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
9322 | (options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.944 | |
9323 | (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G | |
9324 | 1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 | |
9325 | (rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .885 | |
8868edaf CR |
9326 | (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) |
9327 | -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 | |
74091dd4 | 9328 | (ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 574.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
d233b485 | 9329 | (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
9330 | (autocd)144 586.8 Q F0 .199 |
9331 | (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 586.8 R | |
9332 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
9333 | (ment to the)184 598.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F | |
17345e5a | 9334 | (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9335 | F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .156 |
9336 | (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 | |
17345e5a | 9337 | (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9338 | (name of a v)184 634.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E |
9339 | (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 646.8 Q F0 | |
ac50fbac | 9340 | 1.055 |
a0c0a00f | 9341 | (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9342 | 646.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 |
9343 | (corrected. The)184 658.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 | |
9344 | (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) | |
9345 | -.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 670.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) | |
ac50fbac CR |
9346 | -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 |
9347 | (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F | |
74091dd4 | 9348 | (the command proceeds.)184 682.8 Q |
a0c0a00f | 9349 | (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) |
74091dd4 CR |
9350 | .15 E F1(checkhash)144 694.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)3.237 |
9351 | E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 | |
8868edaf | 9352 | (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9353 | 718.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E |
9354 | (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
9355 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(76)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9356 | %%Page: 77 77 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9357 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9358 | BP | |
9359 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9360 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9361 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
9362 | SF(checkjobs)144 84 Q F0 .448(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 | |
9363 | (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 | |
9364 | (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 | |
9365 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 108 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G | |
9366 | .161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 | |
9367 | (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472 | |
9368 | (tempted without an interv)184 120 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2 | |
9369 | 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 | |
9370 | (ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184 132 S | |
8868edaf | 9371 | (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) |
74091dd4 CR |
9372 | -2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)3.59 |
9373 | E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) | |
9374 | -3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F | |
9375 | (necessary)184 168 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85 | |
9376 | (alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9 | |
9377 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 | |
9378 | (fa)184 180 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 192 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 192 R | |
9379 | F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 | |
8868edaf | 9380 | (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) |
74091dd4 | 9381 | 184 204 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 |
8868edaf | 9382 | (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 |
74091dd4 | 9383 | (This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 216 S 1.288(ult, b).1 |
8868edaf | 9384 | F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 |
74091dd4 CR |
9385 | (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 |
9386 | (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 228 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 | |
9387 | (compat31)144 240 Q(compat32)144 252 Q(compat40)144 264 Q(compat41)144 | |
9388 | 276 Q(compat42)144 288 Q(compat43)144 300 Q(compat44)144 312 Q(compat50) | |
9389 | 144 324 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 336 R 3.389 | |
9390 | (sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP) | |
9391 | 3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 348 Q F0(belo)2.25 E | |
9392 | (w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 364.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 376.8 | |
9393 | R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ | |
9394 | s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 | |
9395 | (forming completion.)184 388.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 | |
9396 | E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 | |
9397 | (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ | |
9398 | haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 | |
9399 | 400.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 412.8 R .028 | |
9400 | (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 | |
9401 | (This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 424.8 R 1.073 | |
9402 | (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 | |
ac50fbac | 9403 | (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 |
74091dd4 | 9404 | (ev e)184 436.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 |
ac50fbac | 9405 | (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F |
74091dd4 | 9406 | 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 |
ac50fbac | 9407 | (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 |
74091dd4 | 9408 | 448.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 460.8 Q |
ac50fbac | 9409 | (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9410 | (ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 477.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 |
9411 | (If set,)184 489.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 | |
ac50fbac | 9412 | (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9413 | .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 |
9414 | 501.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F | |
9415 | (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) | |
9416 | 184 513.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G | |
9417 | (hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 530.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 | |
9418 | 530.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 | |
9419 | (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 | |
17345e5a | 9420 | (ord completion if)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9421 | (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 542.4 Q(xist.)-.15 |
9422 | E F1(dotglob)144 559.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 559.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
9423 | .165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 |
9424 | ('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9425 | (xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 571.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') |
9426 | .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 | |
d233b485 | 9427 | (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
9428 | (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 |
9429 | (is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 588 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 | |
9430 | 588 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 | |
9431 | (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 | |
8868edaf | 9432 | (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9433 | 600 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E |
9434 | .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 | |
9435 | -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 616.8 Q F0 .717 | |
9436 | (If set, aliases are e)184 628.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F | |
9437 | 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 | |
9438 | (This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 640.8 Q(ault for interacti) | |
9439 | -.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 657.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 | |
9440 | .17(If set at shell in)184 669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 | |
8868edaf | 9441 | (cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
9442 | .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 |
9443 | (before the shell starts, identical to the)184 681.6 R F1<adad646562> | |
9444 | 3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 | |
9445 | F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 693.6 Q | |
9446 | (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 | |
9447 | 710.4 Q F0(The)220 710.4 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F | |
9448 | F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 | |
8868edaf | 9449 | (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9450 | (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 722.4 |
9451 | Q(gument.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(77) | |
9452 | 185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9453 | %%Page: 78 78 | |
8868edaf CR |
9454 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9455 | BP | |
9456 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9457 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
9458 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9459 | SF(2.)184 84 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)4.167 |
9460 | E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667 | |
9461 | (alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 96 Q | |
9462 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 112.8 Q F0 .84 | |
9463 | (If the command run by the)220 112.8 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 | |
9464 | (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 | |
9465 | (exe)220 124.8 S .488 | |
17345e5a | 9466 | (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F |
a0c0a00f | 9467 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 9468 | (sour)220 136.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G |
a0c0a00f | 9469 | (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9470 | (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 153.6 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 |
9471 | 153.6 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 9472 | .904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 |
74091dd4 CR |
9473 | 165.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(5.)184 182.4 Q F0 1.637(Function tr\ |
9474 | acing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 | |
9475 | 182.4 R(shells in)220 194.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith) | |
8868edaf | 9476 | -2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 9477 | (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
9478 | (traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 211.2 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ |
9479 | and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 211.2 R(in)220 | |
9480 | 223.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 | |
8868edaf | 9481 | (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) |
74091dd4 | 9482 | 2.5 E F1(extglob)144 240 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 240 R .4 |
a0c0a00f | 9483 | (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) |
74091dd4 CR |
9484 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 252 Q |
9485 | F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 268.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 280.8 R | |
9486 | F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 | |
8868edaf CR |
9487 | (")A F3(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 |
9488 | (${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9489 | (pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 292.8 Q |
9490 | (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 309.6 Q | |
9491 | F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 309.6 R .243 | |
8868edaf | 9492 | (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 |
74091dd4 CR |
9493 | (xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 321.6 Q(.) |
9494 | -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 338.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 | |
9495 | .936(If set, the suf)184 350.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) | |
d233b485 | 9496 | -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) |
74091dd4 | 9497 | -.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 362.4 R |
8868edaf | 9498 | .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G |
74091dd4 CR |
9499 | .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 |
9500 | (pletions. See)184 374.4 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 | |
9501 | (abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 | |
9502 | (FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 | |
9503 | F(enabled by def)184 386.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 403.2 Q | |
9504 | F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 415.2 R 2.519 | |
9505 | (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 | |
9506 | (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E | |
9507 | (Matching)184 427.2 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) | |
9508 | -3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 | |
d233b485 | 9509 | (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) |
74091dd4 | 9510 | -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 439.2 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G |
8868edaf | 9511 | 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9512 | F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 451.2 R F1 |
9513 | (A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) | |
9514 | -3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 | |
9515 | (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 463.2 Q(.)-.55 E | |
9516 | F1(globskipdots)144 480 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 492 R .285 | |
9517 | (xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 | |
9518 | (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E | |
9519 | F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) | |
9520 | .63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) | |
9521 | -2.784 F(tern be)184 504 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') | |
9522 | .63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
9523 | F1(globstar)144 520.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 520.8 R F1(**) | |
8868edaf CR |
9524 | 3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F |
9525 | .519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 | |
74091dd4 | 9526 | (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 532.8 R .431 |
8868edaf CR |
9527 | (If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 |
9528 | 2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9529 | 544.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 561.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ |
9530 | ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 573.6 Q F1 | |
9531 | (histappend)144 590.4 Q F0 .676 | |
8868edaf | 9532 | (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9533 | 602.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G |
9534 | (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 614.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E | |
9535 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 631.2 Q(eedit) | |
9536 | -.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 643.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E | |
8868edaf CR |
9537 | F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 |
9538 | G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9539 | (tory substitution.)184 655.2 Q F1(histv)144 672 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 |
9540 | (If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 | |
8868edaf | 9541 | (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) |
74091dd4 | 9542 | 2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 696 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 |
8868edaf | 9543 | (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 |
74091dd4 CR |
9544 | G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 708 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E |
9545 | 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E | |
9546 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(78)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9547 | %%Page: 79 79 | |
495aee44 CR |
9548 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9549 | BP | |
9550 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 9551 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8868edaf | 9552 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 |
74091dd4 CR |
9553 | SF(hostcomplete)144 84 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 |
9554 | G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 | |
9555 | (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 | |
9556 | 108 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 | |
9557 | (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E | |
9558 | /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
9559 | 2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 | |
9560 | 136.8 Q F0(If set,)184 148.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2 | |
9561 | (SIGHUP)2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 | |
9562 | H(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 165.6 Q(exit)-.18 E | |
9563 | F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 177.6 R .219 | |
8868edaf | 9564 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 |
74091dd4 | 9565 | (option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 189.6 Q |
8868edaf CR |
9566 | 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 |
9567 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) | |
74091dd4 | 9568 | 144 206.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 218.4 R |
8868edaf CR |
9569 | 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E |
9570 | F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) | |
74091dd4 | 9571 | -.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 230.4 R 1.267 |
8868edaf CR |
9572 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 |
9573 | E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9574 | (enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 259.2 Q F0 .066 |
9575 | (If set, and job control is not acti)184 259.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 | |
8868edaf CR |
9576 | (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 |
9577 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
9578 | (cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 271.2 Q(vironment.) |
9579 | -.4 E F1(lithist)144 288 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 288 R F1(cmdhist) | |
9580 | 3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F | |
9581 | -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F | |
9582 | (with embedded ne)184 300 Q | |
a0c0a00f | 9583 | (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 |
74091dd4 | 9584 | (localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 328.8 R |
d233b485 CR |
9585 | .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 |
9586 | (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 | |
74091dd4 | 9587 | 340.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 |
8868edaf | 9588 | (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 |
74091dd4 CR |
9589 | (The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 352.8 Q |
9590 | F1(localv)144 369.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 381.6 R | |
8868edaf CR |
9591 | F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F |
9592 | .328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ | |
d233b485 | 9593 | ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ |
74091dd4 CR |
9594 | the beha)184 393.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 405.6 Q |
9595 | (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 422.4 | |
8868edaf | 9596 | Q F0 .486 |
a0c0a00f | 9597 | (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9598 | 434.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) |
9599 | -.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 446.4 S(lue may not be changed.) | |
9600 | .25 E F1(mailwar)144 463.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that) | |
9601 | 184 475.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 | |
8868edaf | 9602 | (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F |
74091dd4 | 9603 | -.1(wa)184 487.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E |
d233b485 | 9604 | (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) |
74091dd4 CR |
9605 | -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 |
9606 | Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 | |
9607 | (is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 | |
8868edaf CR |
9608 | (will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E |
9609 | F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9610 | (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1 |
9611 | (nocaseglob)144 544.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 556.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 9612 | .436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) |
74091dd4 | 9613 | -.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 568.8 S |
8868edaf | 9614 | (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9615 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 585.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 |
9616 | 597.6 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 | |
8868edaf | 9617 | (matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H |
74091dd4 | 9618 | 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 609.6 R |
8868edaf CR |
9619 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E |
9620 | F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 | |
74091dd4 | 9621 | F -.1(wo)184 621.6 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ |
8868edaf | 9622 | possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 |
74091dd4 CR |
9623 | 633.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 650.4 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 662.4 R |
9624 | F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ | |
9625 | ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 674.4 Q | |
9626 | (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 | |
9627 | (nullglob)144 691.2 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 703.2 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0 | |
9628 | (allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
9629 | -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
9630 | 3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 715.2 S | |
9631 | (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E | |
9632 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(79)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9633 | %%Page: 80 80 | |
495aee44 CR |
9634 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9635 | BP | |
9636 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9637 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
9638 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9639 | SF(patsub_r)144 84 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash) |
9640 | 2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E | |
9641 | F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F | |
9642 | .528(the te)184 108 R .528 | |
9643 | (xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G | |
9644 | .527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G | |
9645 | (his)-5.527 E(option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 | |
9646 | 136.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 | |
9647 | 148.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 | |
9648 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E | |
9649 | (are enabled.)184 160.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
9650 | F1(pr)144 177.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 | |
9651 | (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 189.6 R F1(bash) | |
9652 | 4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 201.6 Q | |
9653 | 3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 | |
9654 | (ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 | |
9655 | (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 213.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E | |
9656 | F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F | |
9657 | 1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 225.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E | |
9658 | F1(pr)144 242.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 | |
9659 | (If set, prompt strings under)184 254.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F | |
9660 | 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 | |
9661 | 266.4 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G | |
9662 | .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 | |
9663 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
9664 | (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 278.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 | |
9665 | (re)144 295.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 | |
17345e5a | 9666 | (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) |
74091dd4 | 9667 | 184 307.2 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 319.2 Q 2.86 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9668 | (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 |
9669 | (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
74091dd4 | 9670 | (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 331.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 |
8868edaf | 9671 | E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 |
74091dd4 CR |
9672 | E F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 |
9673 | (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 | |
9674 | (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 | |
9675 | (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) | |
9676 | 144 388.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 400.8 R F1(.)3.271 E | |
9677 | F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) | |
9678 | -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 | |
9679 | (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) | |
9680 | 184 412.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E | |
9681 | (ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 429.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \ | |
9682 | set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\ | |
9683 | he)184 441.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E | |
9684 | .424(rection syntax \(see)184 453.6 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo) | |
9685 | 2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424 | |
9686 | (ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 465.6 Q F1 | |
9687 | (xpg_echo)144 482.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 494.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
9688 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E | |
9689 | (ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909 | |
9690 | (Suspend the e)144 523.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .909 | |
9691 | (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G | |
9692 | F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F | |
9693 | .753(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 535.2 R | |
9694 | F1<ad66>3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
9695 | .752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 547.2 R .107(T\ | |
9696 | he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ | |
9697 | is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 559.2 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0 | |
9698 | (is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) | |
9699 | 108 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 | |
9700 | (Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 588 R .877 | |
8868edaf | 9701 | (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 |
74091dd4 CR |
9702 | (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 600 S |
9703 | (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 | |
ac50fbac | 9704 | (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 |
8868edaf | 9705 | (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 |
74091dd4 CR |
9706 | (primaries described abo)144 612 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 |
9707 | (CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A | |
9708 | F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.86 | |
9709 | E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q(gument of)-.18 E | |
9710 | F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 | |
9711 | (Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .786 | |
8868edaf | 9712 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 |
74091dd4 | 9713 | (dence. The)144 654 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 |
8868edaf CR |
9714 | (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F |
9715 | 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9716 | (used when there are \214v)144 666 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) |
9717 | -2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 678 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 | |
9718 | (Tr)180 678 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) | |
9719 | -.1 E F1(\()144 690 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 | |
9720 | (Returns the v)180 690 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 | |
9721 | 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 | |
9722 | (rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 702 Q | |
9723 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(80)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9724 | %%Page: 81 81 | |
9725 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
9726 | BP | |
9727 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9728 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
9729 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 | |
9730 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E/F2 10 | |
9731 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S | |
9732 | (ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
9733 | (pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E | |
9734 | F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S(ue if either).35 E | |
9735 | F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 | |
9736 | (is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 136.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 -.25 | |
9737 | (eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E | |
d233b485 | 9738 | (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9739 | (guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 154.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) |
9740 | 180 166.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 178.8 S -.18 | |
9741 | (rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 190.8 Q | |
495aee44 | 9742 | (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 |
74091dd4 CR |
9743 | E 2.5(2a)144 202.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) |
9744 | 180 214.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 | |
d233b485 | 9745 | F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 |
74091dd4 | 9746 | (gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 226.8 R .38 |
8868edaf | 9747 | (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 |
74091dd4 CR |
9748 | -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 |
9749 | 238.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 | |
9750 | (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F | |
9751 | .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 250.8 Q | |
495aee44 | 9752 | (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
9753 | (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G |
9754 | (uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 274.8 R .236 | |
495aee44 CR |
9755 | (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 |
9756 | (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 | |
74091dd4 CR |
9757 | (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 286.8 R 1.155 -.15 |
9758 | (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F | |
9759 | F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 298.8 R .578(xpression i\ | |
d233b485 | 9760 | s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9761 | (guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 310.8 R(The)6.333 E F2<ad61>3.833 |
9762 | E F0(and)3.833 E F2<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 | |
495aee44 | 9763 | (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 |
74091dd4 CR |
9764 | (three ar)180 322.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 |
9765 | F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F | |
d233b485 | 9766 | .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9767 | (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 |
9768 | 334.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 | |
9769 | (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 | |
9770 | F(ar)180 346.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 E F0 | |
9771 | 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 | |
9772 | (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E | |
9773 | (wise, the e)180 358.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 | |
9774 | 370.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 382.8 R .43 | |
9775 | (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 | |
9776 | (If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 | |
9777 | (,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 394.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 | |
9778 | G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 | |
9779 | (xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 | |
9780 | (ments. the)180 406.8 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 | |
9781 | (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 | |
9782 | F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 418.8 R | |
9783 | (xactly)-.15 E F2(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309 | |
9784 | (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 | |
9785 | (he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F | |
9786 | .184(second and third ar)180 430.8 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F | |
9787 | .184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
9788 | .183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 | |
9789 | 442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 454.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) | |
9790 | -2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 466.8 R 1.635 | |
9791 | (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 | |
9792 | (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 | |
9793 | 478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 496.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E | |
9794 | F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 | |
9795 | (>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E | |
9796 | (xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 513.6 Q F0 | |
8868edaf | 9797 | 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ |
74091dd4 CR |
9798 | processes run from the shell.)144 513.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 |
9799 | 525.6 Q F2(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E | |
9800 | F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command) | |
9801 | 144 554.4 R F1(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F | |
9802 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
9803 | 3.183(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F1(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G | |
9804 | (f)-5.683 E F1(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609 | |
9805 | (absent \(and there is a single)144 566.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 | |
9806 | (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 | |
8868edaf | 9807 | (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9808 | .658(\(the v)144 578.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) |
9809 | -.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 | |
9810 | (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) | |
9811 | 144.34 590.4 Q F0 .581 | |
9812 | (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
9813 | -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 | |
9814 | (is not present and)3.3 F F2<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 | |
9815 | (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 602.4 R | |
9816 | F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 | |
9817 | F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 614.4 R F2<ad70>3.36 | |
9818 | E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 | |
8868edaf | 9819 | (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 |
74091dd4 CR |
9820 | (signal. The)144 626.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ |
9821 | to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F | |
9822 | 4.311(bers. Each)144 638.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 | |
9823 | (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 | |
9824 | (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E | |
9825 | (names are case insensiti)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E | |
9826 | F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 668.4 R F1 | |
9827 | (sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 | |
9828 | (\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F | |
9829 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F | |
9830 | .667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 | |
9831 | (BU)144 680.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E | |
9832 | (g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F | |
9833 | -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for) | |
9834 | 2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1 | |
9835 | (select)144 692.4 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 | |
9836 | (ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563 | |
9837 | (command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 | |
9838 | (cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 704.4 R F3 .622 | |
8868edaf | 9839 | (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 |
74091dd4 CR |
9840 | F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F2(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 |
9841 | .622(option to the)3.122 F F2(shopt)144 716.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 | |
9842 | (iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)2.996 E | |
9843 | (UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F1(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) | |
9844 | 3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F1(ar) | |
9845 | 144.33 728.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 | |
8868edaf | 9846 | (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 |
74091dd4 CR |
9847 | (cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F2(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E |
9848 | F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
9849 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(81)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9850 | %%Page: 82 82 | |
8868edaf CR |
9851 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9852 | BP | |
9853 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9854 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
9855 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S |
9856 | (cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 102 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.8 E | |
9857 | F0(is)3.77 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.46 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A | |
9858 | F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F | |
9859 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(rap).15 G | |
9860 | .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple comma\ | |
9861 | nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 114 R | |
9862 | .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 126 R .451 | |
9863 | (wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 | |
9864 | (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 | |
9865 | (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 | |
9866 | (mand list immediately follo)144 138 R .388(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 | |
9867 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) | |
9868 | 2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E | |
9869 | F0 .387(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 150 R -.15(xe) | |
9870 | -.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E | |
9871 | F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 | |
9872 | (wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 | |
9873 | 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 162 R 1.28 | |
9874 | (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 | |
9875 | F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) | |
9876 | 3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 174 Q(yed by the) | |
9877 | -.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C | |
9878 | (ption.)-2.5 E .132 | |
9879 | (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 | |
9880 | 192 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 | |
9881 | (ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 204 R .117 | |
9882 | (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 | |
9883 | (vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 216 R | |
9884 | (return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 | |
9885 | (is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0 | |
9886 | (returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(]) | |
9887 | A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 244.8 S | |
9888 | .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 | |
9889 | (name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 | |
9890 | (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F | |
9891 | F4<ad74>144 256.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0 | |
9892 | .715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E | |
9893 | F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 | |
9894 | (,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 | |
9895 | (\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 268.8 Q F0 .086 | |
9896 | (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 | |
9897 | (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 | |
9898 | (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 | |
9899 | (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 | |
9900 | (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 280.8 R .118 | |
9901 | (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F | |
9902 | F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 | |
9903 | (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 292.8 R .855 | |
9904 | (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 | |
9905 | .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) | |
9906 | 144 304.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 | |
9907 | G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 | |
9908 | E F4<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G | |
9909 | (TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 316.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 | |
9910 | (,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) | |
9911 | 2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0 | |
9912 | 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F4 | |
9913 | <ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 328.8 Q F4<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731 | |
9914 | (print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 | |
9915 | (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 | |
9916 | F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4<ad61>144 | |
9917 | 340.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F4(type)3.323 E F0 .824 | |
9918 | (prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 | |
9919 | (cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) | |
9920 | -5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 | |
9921 | 352.8 R F4<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 | |
9922 | (The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) | |
9923 | 144 364.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0 | |
9924 | 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) | |
9925 | 144 376.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) | |
9926 | 5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 | |
9927 | (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 | |
9928 | (re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 388.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 | |
9929 | (\255HS)A F0(])A F4<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255HS)A | |
9930 | F0 2.5(][)C F4(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
9931 | (limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 429.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) | |
9932 | -.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 | |
17345e5a | 9933 | (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9934 | .944(that allo)144 441.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F |
9935 | (The)5.944 E F4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 | |
17345e5a | 9936 | (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) |
74091dd4 | 9937 | 144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 |
17345e5a | 9938 | (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ |
74091dd4 CR |
9939 | ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 465.6 R .426 |
9940 | (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F4<ad48>2.925 E | |
9941 | F0(nor)2.925 E F4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 | |
9942 | (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 | |
9943 | 477.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 | |
17345e5a | 9944 | (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F |
74091dd4 CR |
9945 | .742(of the special v)144 489.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 |
9946 | (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) | |
9947 | C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 | |
9948 | (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E | |
9949 | 5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 | |
8868edaf | 9950 | (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 |
74091dd4 CR |
9951 | (alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 |
9952 | (source is printed, unless the)144 513.6 R F4<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984 | |
9953 | (option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 | |
8868edaf | 9954 | (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 |
74091dd4 | 9955 | (limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 525.6 |
8868edaf | 9956 | R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 |
74091dd4 CR |
9957 | 537.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4<ad61>144 549.6 Q F0 |
9958 | (All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 549.6 Q F4<ad62> | |
9959 | 144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 561.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E | |
9960 | (fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0 | |
9961 | (The maximum size of core \214les created)180 573.6 Q F4<ad64>144 585.6 | |
9962 | Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 585.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) | |
9963 | -2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 597.6 Q F0 | |
9964 | (The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 597.6 Q F4<ad66>144 | |
9965 | 609.6 Q F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 9966 | (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 |
74091dd4 CR |
9967 | 609.6 Q F4<ad69>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 |
9968 | 621.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 633.6 Q F0 | |
9969 | (The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 633.6 Q F4 | |
9970 | <ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 645.6 Q | |
9971 | (ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 657.6 Q F0 | |
9972 | (The maximum resident set size \(man)180 657.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
9973 | (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 669.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ | |
495aee44 | 9974 | e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) |
74091dd4 CR |
9975 | 180 669.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F |
9976 | (be set\))180 681.6 Q F4<ad70>144 693.6 Q F0 | |
9977 | (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 693.6 Q F4 | |
9978 | <ad71>144 705.6 Q F0 | |
9979 | (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 705.6 Q F4 | |
9980 | <ad72>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 717.6 | |
9981 | Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(82)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
9982 | %%Page: 83 83 | |
9983 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
9984 | BP | |
9985 | %%EndPageSetup | |
9986 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
9987 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
9988 | SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 84 Q F1<ad74>144 96 Q F0 | |
9989 | (The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 96 Q F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 | |
9990 | (The maximum number of processes a)180 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G | |
9991 | (ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 120 Q F0 .47 | |
9992 | (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 | |
9993 | (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 132 | |
9994 | Q F1<ad78>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 144 Q F1 | |
9995 | <ad50>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 156 Q F1 | |
9996 | <ad52>144 168 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ | |
9997 | blocking, in microseconds)180 168 Q F1<ad54>144 180 Q F0 | |
9998 | (The maximum number of threads)180 180 Q(If)144 196.8 Q/F2 10 | |
9999 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
10000 | .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 | |
10001 | F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 | |
10002 | (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 | |
10003 | (no option is gi)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> | |
10004 | 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 | |
10005 | (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 | |
10006 | <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 | |
10007 | 220.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F | |
8868edaf CR |
10008 | F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) |
10009 | -3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,) | |
74091dd4 | 10010 | A F1<ad6b>144 232.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E |
8868edaf CR |
10011 | F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 |
10012 | (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E | |
74091dd4 CR |
10013 | F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 |
10014 | (512-byte increments.)144 244.8 R .238 | |
10015 | (The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 | |
8868edaf | 10016 | (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10017 | (error occurs while setting a ne)144 256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E |
10018 | F1(umask)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 10019 | 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 |
74091dd4 | 10020 | (The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 |
8868edaf | 10021 | 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 |
17345e5a JA |
10022 | (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ |
10023 | therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
10024 | pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 |
10025 | 309.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 | |
17345e5a | 10026 | (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 |
ac50fbac | 10027 | (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 |
74091dd4 | 10028 | (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547 |
17345e5a | 10029 | (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G |
ac50fbac | 10030 | (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 |
74091dd4 CR |
10031 | (mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .551 |
10032 | (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 | |
10033 | F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q | |
0001803f | 10034 | (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E |
74091dd4 CR |
10035 | (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 |
10036 | (unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 | |
10037 | (...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) | |
10038 | 3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E | |
10039 | F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) | |
10040 | 3.258 F(mo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E | |
0001803f | 10041 | (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 |
74091dd4 | 10042 | (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 |
ac50fbac | 10043 | (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) |
74091dd4 CR |
10044 | 2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 |
10045 | 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 | |
8868edaf | 10046 | (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 |
74091dd4 CR |
10047 | (If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) |
10048 | -.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 427.2 Q F0 .465 | |
10049 | (refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 | |
10050 | (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) | |
10051 | 2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 439.2 R F1 | |
10052 | <ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 | |
8868edaf | 10053 | .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) |
74091dd4 | 10054 | 2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 451.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E |
8868edaf CR |
10055 | F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) |
10056 | 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 | |
74091dd4 CR |
10057 | (attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F |
10058 | .719(rather than the v)144 463.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 | |
10059 | <ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> | |
10060 | 3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 | |
10061 | (are supplied, each)144 475.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) | |
10062 | 3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 | |
10063 | (ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 | |
10064 | 487.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F | |
8868edaf | 10065 | 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) |
74091dd4 CR |
10066 | -.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 |
10067 | (passed to subsequent commands.)144 499.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 | |
8868edaf | 10068 | (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) |
74091dd4 CR |
10069 | .27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A |
10070 | F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 511.2 S | |
10071 | (SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 | |
8868edaf | 10072 | -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E |
74091dd4 CR |
10073 | F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) |
10074 | 144 523.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) | |
8868edaf CR |
10075 | 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 |
10076 | E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 | |
74091dd4 CR |
10077 | 535.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) |
10078 | 4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F | |
10079 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G | |
10080 | 1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 547.2 Q(The e)5 E | |
10081 | (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 | |
10082 | (is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
10083 | (\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 | |
10084 | (id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 576 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ | |
10085 | ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) | |
10086 | 3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 | |
10087 | (ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 | |
10088 | G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 | |
10089 | (ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E | |
10090 | F2(id)144.01 600 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 | |
10091 | (wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 | |
8868edaf | 10092 | (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
74091dd4 CR |
10093 | .441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 |
10094 | (tion, if its process id is the same as)144 612 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 | |
10095 | (,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 | |
10096 | <ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 624 Q F0 | |
10097 | -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) | |
10098 | 3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E | |
10099 | F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 | |
10100 | G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 636 R .403 | |
10101 | (xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 | |
10102 | (guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 | |
10103 | (are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 648 R .573 | |
10104 | (aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 | |
10105 | (If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 | |
8868edaf | 10106 | (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) |
74091dd4 CR |
10107 | 144 660 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) |
10108 | 144 672 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 | |
8868edaf CR |
10109 | (named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G |
10110 | .905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E | |
74091dd4 | 10111 | (an)144 684 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 |
8868edaf CR |
10112 | (is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39 |
10113 | (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0 | |
74091dd4 | 10114 | (option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 696 R F1 |
8868edaf | 10115 | (wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 |
74091dd4 CR |
10116 | .574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 |
10117 | (stead of returning when it changes status.)144 708 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) | |
10118 | 3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 | |
10119 | (xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F 1.694(status is 127.)144 720 | |
10120 | R(If)6.694 E F1(wait)4.194 E F0 1.694(is interrupted by a signal, the r\ | |
10121 | eturn status will be greater than 128, as)4.194 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
10122 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(83)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
10123 | %%Page: 84 84 | |
ac50fbac CR |
10124 | %%BeginPageSetup |
10125 | BP | |
10126 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f | 10127 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10128 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .113 |
10129 | (described under)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)2.613 E(ALS)-.2 E | |
10130 | F0(abo)2.613 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.113(.O).15 G .113 | |
10131 | (therwise, the return status is the e)-5.113 F .114 | |
10132 | (xit status of the last process)-.15 F(or job w)144 96 Q(aited for)-.1 E | |
10133 | (.)-.55 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 112.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G | |
10134 | (IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 | |
10135 | 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F | |
10136 | (vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C 1.354 | |
10137 | (peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 136.8 S | |
10138 | .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A | |
10139 | F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399 | |
10140 | (nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399 | |
10141 | F(le)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754 | |
10142 | (ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754 | |
10143 | (.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 | |
10144 | G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 | |
10145 | (sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 160.8 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F | |
10146 | 1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F | |
10147 | 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 | |
10148 | (igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 172.8 Q | |
10149 | (vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G | |
10150 | (ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 | |
10151 | (This section does not mention beha)108 189.6 R 1.457 | |
10152 | (vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 | |
10153 | (ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886 | |
10154 | (means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 201.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886 | |
10155 | (xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 | |
10156 | (xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 213.6 Q | |
10157 | (ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15 | |
10158 | E .523(If a user enables, say)108 230.4 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E | |
10159 | F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha) | |
10160 | -.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522 | |
10161 | (ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108 | |
10162 | 242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259 | |
10163 | (idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G | |
10164 | .26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108 | |
10165 | 254.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646 | |
10166 | (ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H | |
10167 | 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645 | |
10168 | (or instance, the)-.15 F .76 | |
10169 | (change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 266.4 R F1([[)3.261 | |
10170 | E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761 | |
10171 | (ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 | |
10172 | 278.4 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904 | |
10173 | (will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295 | |
10174 | (granularity may not be suf)108 290.4 R .296 | |
10175 | (\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 | |
10176 | (yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 | |
10177 | F(fully)108 302.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ | |
10178 | feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 | |
10179 | (Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 319.2 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 | |
10180 | F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E | |
10181 | -.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F | |
10182 | .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 | |
10183 | (ve)108 331.2 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 | |
10184 | (.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat) | |
10185 | 2.608 E F3(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108 | |
10186 | (2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 | |
10187 | G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 360 R .388 | |
10188 | (gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.887 | |
10189 | (ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387(he options will) | |
10190 | -2.887 F(be remo)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2 | |
10191 | (avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 | |
10192 | (AT)-.666 G F5(.).855 E F0 1.163(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 388.8 R | |
10193 | 1.163(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.164 | |
10194 | (vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.164(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) | |
10195 | -.15 E(Users should use)108 400.8 Q F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 | |
10196 | (AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.614 | |
10197 | (The follo)108 417.6 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 | |
8868edaf | 10198 | (vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
74091dd4 CR |
10199 | 4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 429.6 Q F3(NN)A |
10200 | F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.685 | |
10201 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F3(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 | |
10202 | (using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.807(mechanisms. F)108 | |
10203 | 441.6 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307 | |
8868edaf | 10204 | (ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G |
74091dd4 CR |
10205 | 3.806(lm).15 G 1.306(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.806 F F1 |
10206 | (compat)108 453.6 Q F3(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 | |
8868edaf | 10207 | G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the) |
74091dd4 | 10208 | -.15 F F4 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) |
8868edaf | 10209 | 3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10210 | (is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 465.6 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 |
10211 | (compat31)108 482.4 Q F0<83>144 494.4 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 494.4 | |
10212 | Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 | |
8868edaf | 10213 | G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect) |
74091dd4 CR |
10214 | -.25 E F1(compat32)108 511.2 Q F0<83>144 523.2 Q .35 |
10215 | (interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 523.2 | |
10216 | R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017 | |
10217 | (in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 535.2 R .018 | |
10218 | (ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt) | |
10219 | .15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F | |
10220 | (terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 547.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 | |
10221 | G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 564 Q F0<83>144 576 | |
10222 | Q(the)180 576 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 | |
10223 | (operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173 | |
8868edaf | 10224 | (command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E |
74091dd4 CR |
10225 | .067(ing strings; the)180 588 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067(se ASCII ordering.) |
10226 | -2.567 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .068 | |
10227 | (ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 600 Q F3 | |
10228 | (str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903 | |
10229 | (\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.402(sc)-.55 G | |
10230 | 1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F3(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180 612 | |
10231 | Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 628.8 Q F0<83>144 640.8 Q(in)180 640.8 | |
10232 | Q F3(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29(may be follo) | |
8868edaf | 10233 | 3.79 F 1.29(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10234 | (ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)180 652.8 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 |
10235 | E<83>144 664.8 Q(in)180 664.8 Q F3(posix)2.709 E F0 .208 | |
10236 | (mode, the parser requires that an e)2.709 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15 | |
10237 | G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F3(wor)2.708 E(d) | |
10238 | -.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 676.8 R .282 | |
10239 | (xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.782(,s)-.65 G 2.782(ot) | |
10240 | -2.782 G .282(hat charac-)-2.782 F(ters within the single quotes are co\ | |
10241 | nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 688.8 Q F1 | |
10242 | (compat42)108 705.6 Q F0<83>144 717.6 Q 1.056(the replacement string in\ | |
10243 | double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 717.6 R 1.055 | |
10244 | (go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 729.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v) | |
10245 | .25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q | |
10246 | (2022 September 19)135.955 E(84)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
10247 | %%Page: 85 85 | |
10248 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
10249 | BP | |
10250 | %%EndPageSetup | |
10251 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
10252 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>144 84 Q .021 | |
10253 | (in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 84 R | |
10254 | .021(xpanding the)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.521 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
10255 | .021(portion of a)2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 96 R .017 | |
8868edaf | 10256 | (xpansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other spe-)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10257 | .998(cial character \(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221\); in la\ |
10258 | ter v)180 108 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F | |
10259 | (are not special within double-quoted w)180 120 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansions) | |
10260 | -.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat43)108 136.8 Q F0<83>144 148.8 Q | |
10261 | 1.071(the shell does not print a w)180 148.8 R 1.07 | |
10262 | (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .71 | |
10263 | (pound assignment as an ar)180 160.8 R .711 | |
10264 | (gument to declare \(e.g., declare -a foo=\010\(1 2\)\010\). Later v) | |
10265 | -.18 F(ersions)-.15 E -.1(wa)180 172.8 S | |
10266 | (rn that this usage is deprecated).1 E<83>144 184.8 Q -.1(wo)180 184.8 S | |
10267 | .501(rd e).1 F .501(xpansion errors are considered non-f)-.15 F .501 | |
10268 | (atal errors that cause the current command to)-.1 F -.1(fa)180 196.8 S | |
8868edaf CR |
10269 | .605(il, e).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.105(ni).15 G 3.105(np)-3.105 G .605 |
10270 | (osix mode \(the def)-3.105 F .605(ault beha)-.1 F .605(vior is to mak) | |
10271 | -.2 F 3.105(et)-.1 G .605(hem f)-3.105 F .605 | |
74091dd4 CR |
10272 | (atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(shell to e)180 208.8 Q(xit\))-.15 E |
10273 | <83>144 220.8 Q .355(when e)180 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 | |
10274 | (cuting a shell function, the loop state \(while/until/etc.\)).15 F .354 | |
10275 | (is not reset, so)5.354 F F2(br)2.854 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.854 E F2 | |
10276 | (continue)180 232.8 Q F0 .052 | |
8868edaf | 10277 | (in that function will break or continue loops in the calling conte) |
74091dd4 CR |
10278 | 2.552 F .053(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre) |
10279 | 180 244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F2(compat44)108 261.6 Q F0<83> | |
10280 | 144 273.6 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 273.6 R .719(alues used by) | |
10281 | -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E | |
10282 | F3 -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G | |
10283 | .718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E(to the shell')180 285.6 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G | |
8868edaf | 10284 | (ositional parameters e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G |
74091dd4 CR |
10285 | (xtended deb)-2.65 E(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 297.6 Q |
10286 | 2.634(as)180 297.6 S .134(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte) | |
10287 | -2.634 F .135(xt, so)-.15 F F2(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F2 | |
10288 | (continue)2.635 E F0 .135(will cause the sub-)2.635 F(shell to e)180 | |
10289 | 309.6 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 F(and later reset the loop state to pre) | |
10290 | 2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e).15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 321.6 Q -.25(va) | |
10291 | 180 321.6 S .619(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik) | |
8868edaf | 10292 | -.2 F(e)-.1 E F2(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F2 -.18(re)3.118 G |
74091dd4 CR |
10293 | (adonly).18 E F0 .618(that set attrib)3.118 F .618(utes con-)-.2 F .119 |
10294 | (tinue to af)180 333.6 R .119(fect v)-.25 F .119 | |
10295 | (ariables with the same name in the calling en)-.25 F .12(vironment e) | |
10296 | -.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62 G .12(he shell is)-2.62 | |
10297 | F(not in posix mode)180 345.6 Q F2(compat50)108 362.4 Q F0<83>144 374.4 | |
10298 | Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 374.4 R(ay)-.1 E F3($RANDOM)3.709 E | |
10299 | F0 1.209(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F 1.018 | |
10300 | (ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 386.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518 | |
10301 | (li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E | |
10302 | 3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019 | |
10303 | (rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 398.4 R .733 | |
10304 | (vious v)-.25 F .732 | |
8868edaf | 10305 | (ersions, so seeding the random number generator by assigning a)-.15 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10306 | -.25(va)180 410.4 S(lue to).25 E F3(RANDOM)2.5 E F0 |
10307 | (will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 422.4 Q | |
10308 | .695(If the command hash table is empty)180 422.4 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696 | |
10309 | (ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15 | |
10310 | F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 434.4 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15 | |
10311 | (ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321 | |
8868edaf | 10312 | (hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F |
74091dd4 CR |
10313 | (Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 446.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.5 E F0 |
10314 | (option is supplied.)2.5 E F2(compat51)108 463.2 Q F0<83>144 475.2 Q | |
10315 | (The)180 475.2 Q F2(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454 | |
10316 | (iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F2(@)2.955 E F0 | |
10317 | (and)2.955 E F2(*)2.955 E F0(dif)2.955 E .455(ferently depending)-.25 F | |
10318 | (on whether the array is inde)180 487.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G | |
10319 | 2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E | |
10320 | (ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 | |
10321 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 504 Q F0(If)108 516 Q F2(bash)3.582 | |
10322 | E F0 1.081(is started with the name)3.581 F F2(rbash)3.581 E F0 3.581 | |
10323 | (,o)C 3.581(rt)-3.581 G(he)-3.581 E F2<ad72>3.581 E F0 1.081 | |
8868edaf | 10324 | (option is supplied at in)3.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081 |
74091dd4 | 10325 | (cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.976(stricted. A)108 528 R .476 |
8868edaf CR |
10326 | (restricted shell is used to set up an en)2.976 F .476 |
10327 | (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F .477(It be-) | |
74091dd4 CR |
10328 | 5.477 F(ha)108 540 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 |
10329 | (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E | |
10330 | (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 556.8 Q | |
10331 | (changing directories with)144 556.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 573.6 Q | |
10332 | (setting or unsetting the v)144 573.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E | |
10333 | /F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F5(,)A F3 | |
10334 | (HISTFILE)2.25 E F5(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F5(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 | |
10335 | G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 590.4 Q(specifying command names containing)144 | |
10336 | 590.4 Q F2(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 607.2 Q | |
10337 | (specifying a \214lename containing a)144 607.2 Q F2(/)2.5 E F0 | |
10338 | (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G | |
10339 | (iltin command).2 E<83>108 624 Q | |
10340 | (specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 624 Q | |
10341 | (gument to the)-.18 E F2(history)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 | |
10342 | E<83>108 640.8 Q .45 | |
10343 | (specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 640.8 R .449 | |
10344 | (gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F2 | |
10345 | (hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 652.8 Q | |
10346 | <83>108 669.6 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 | |
10347 | 669.6 Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 686.4 Q(parsing the v)144 | |
10348 | 686.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E | |
10349 | (vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 703.2 Q(redirecting output using the\ | |
10350 | >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 703.2 Q | |
10351 | (GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(85)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
10352 | %%Page: 86 86 | |
10353 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
10354 | BP | |
10355 | %%EndPageSetup | |
10356 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
10357 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q | |
10358 | (using the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
d233b485 | 10359 | (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108 |
74091dd4 | 10360 | 100.8 Q(adding or deleting b)144 100.8 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E |
8868edaf | 10361 | F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 |
74091dd4 CR |
10362 | (enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 117.6 Q |
10363 | (using the)144 117.6 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
8868edaf | 10364 | (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E<83>108 |
74091dd4 CR |
10365 | 134.4 Q(specifying the)144 134.4 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E |
10366 | F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 151.2 Q | |
10367 | (turning of)144 151.2 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1 | |
10368 | (set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(shopt -u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E F0 | |
10369 | (.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 168 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
d233b485 | 10370 | (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 |
74091dd4 CR |
10371 | (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 184.8 R -.15 |
10372 | (xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.567 | |
10373 | (COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1 | |
10374 | (rbash)108 196.8 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H | |
10375 | (estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
10376 | (cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 213.6 Q/F4 | |
10377 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 225.6 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5 | |
10378 | (,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 | |
10379 | (The Gnu Readline Libr)108 237.6 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E | |
10380 | (ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 249.6 Q | |
17345e5a | 10381 | (ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E |
74091dd4 | 10382 | F4 -.8(Po)108 261.6 S(rtable Oper).8 E |
ac50fbac | 10383 | (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) |
74091dd4 CR |
10384 | -.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 273.6 Q |
10385 | (g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 285.6 Q | |
10386 | (.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F4(sh) | |
10387 | 108 297.6 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A | |
10388 | F4(emacs)108 309.6 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 | |
10389 | 321.6 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 338.4 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 | |
10390 | 350.4 Q F0(The)144 362.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E | |
10391 | F4(/etc/pr)109.666 374.4 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 | |
10392 | (The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 386.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
10393 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 398.4 Q(o\214le)-.45 | |
10394 | E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 410.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
10395 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 | |
10396 | (The indi)144 434.4 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
10397 | (-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 446.4 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 | |
10398 | (The indi)144 458.4 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 | |
10399 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4 | |
10400 | (~/.bash_history)109.666 470.4 Q F0(The def)144 482.4 Q(ault v)-.1 E | |
10401 | (alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C | |
10402 | (he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G | |
10403 | (he command history)-2.5 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 494.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 | |
10404 | (Indi)144 506.4 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0 | |
10405 | (initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 523.2 S(THORS).548 E F0 | |
10406 | (Brian F)108 535.2 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E | |
10407 | (bfox@gnu.or)108 547.2 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 564 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 | |
10408 | H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
10409 | (rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 576 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 592.8 S | |
10410 | 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568(If you \214nd a b)108 | |
10411 | 604.8 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.) | |
8868edaf CR |
10412 | 3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 |
10413 | (ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625 | |
74091dd4 | 10414 | (that it appears in the latest v)108 616.8 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F1 |
8868edaf CR |
10415 | (bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 |
10416 | (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 | |
74091dd4 CR |
10417 | (ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 628.8 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 |
10418 | E F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E | |
10419 | (g/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master)-.37 E(.tar)-1.11 E(.gz)-1.11 E F0 | |
10420 | (.)A .411(Once you ha)108 645.6 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 | |
8868edaf | 10421 | (etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) |
74091dd4 CR |
10422 | -.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 |
10423 | (ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 657.6 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) | |
8868edaf CR |
10424 | -.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 |
10425 | (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F | |
74091dd4 CR |
10426 | (be mailed to)108 669.6 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 |
10427 | (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) | |
10428 | -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 686.4 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) | |
10429 | 108 703.2 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 | |
10430 | Q(2022 September 19)135.955 E(86)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
10431 | %%Page: 87 87 | |
10432 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
10433 | BP | |
10434 | %%EndPageSetup | |
10435 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
10436 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The hardw)108 84 Q | |
10437 | (are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 96 Q | |
10438 | 2.5(Ad)108 108 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E | |
10439 | 2.5(As)108 120 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
10440 | (rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 136.8 | |
10441 | Q(ug)-.2 E F0 | |
d233b485 CR |
10442 | (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) |
10443 | 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 | |
74091dd4 | 10444 | 153.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 |
8868edaf | 10445 | E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) |
74091dd4 CR |
10446 | .25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 170.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 |
10447 | 182.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 | |
10448 | (There are some subtle dif)108 199.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F3 | |
10449 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 | |
10450 | (ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 | |
10451 | (ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 211.2 Q F0 | |
10452 | (speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 228 Q | |
10453 | (Shell b)108 244.8 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
10454 | (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E |
10455 | 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ | |
74091dd4 CR |
10456 | re not handled gracefully when)108 261.6 R .39 |
10457 | (process suspension is attempted.)108 273.6 R .389 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
10458 | (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 |
10459 | G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 | |
74091dd4 | 10460 | (mand in the sequence.)108 285.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ |
a0c0a00f | 10461 | place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) |
74091dd4 CR |
10462 | -.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 297.6 Q(Array v)108 |
10463 | 314.4 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E | |
10464 | (There may be only one acti)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H | |
10465 | (oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 September 19) | |
10466 | 135.955 E(87)185.115 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
10467 | %%Trailer |
10468 | end | |
10469 | %%EOF |