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1 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 |
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3 | %%CreationDate: Wed Feb 18 15:33:01 2009 | |
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19 | %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2 | |
20 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet | |
21 | /setpacking where{ | |
22 | pop | |
23 | currentpacking | |
24 | true setpacking | |
25 | }if | |
26 | /grops 120 dict dup begin | |
27 | /SC 32 def | |
28 | /A/show load def | |
29 | /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
30 | /C{0 exch ashow}bind def | |
31 | /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
32 | /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def | |
33 | /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
34 | /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
35 | /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
36 | /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def | |
37 | /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
38 | /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
39 | /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
40 | /M{rmoveto show}bind def | |
41 | /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
42 | /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
43 | /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
44 | /Q{moveto show}bind def | |
45 | /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
46 | /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
47 | /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
48 | /SF{ | |
49 | findfont exch | |
50 | [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont | |
51 | dup setfont | |
52 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
53 | }bind def | |
54 | /MF{ | |
55 | findfont | |
56 | [5 2 roll | |
57 | 0 3 1 roll | |
58 | neg 0 0]makefont | |
59 | dup setfont | |
60 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
61 | }bind def | |
62 | /level0 0 def | |
63 | /RES 0 def | |
64 | /PL 0 def | |
65 | /LS 0 def | |
66 | /MANUAL{ | |
67 | statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end | |
68 | }bind def | |
69 | /PLG{ | |
70 | gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore | |
71 | exch pop add exch pop | |
72 | }bind def | |
73 | /BP{ | |
74 | /level0 save def | |
75 | 1 setlinecap | |
76 | 1 setlinejoin | |
77 | 72 RES div dup scale | |
78 | LS{ | |
79 | 90 rotate | |
80 | }{ | |
81 | 0 PL translate | |
82 | }ifelse | |
83 | 1 -1 scale | |
84 | }bind def | |
85 | /EP{ | |
86 | level0 restore | |
87 | showpage | |
88 | }def | |
89 | /DA{ | |
90 | newpath arcn stroke | |
91 | }bind def | |
92 | /SN{ | |
93 | transform | |
94 | .25 sub exch .25 sub exch | |
95 | round .25 add exch round .25 add exch | |
96 | itransform | |
97 | }bind def | |
98 | /DL{ | |
99 | SN | |
100 | moveto | |
101 | SN | |
102 | lineto stroke | |
103 | }bind def | |
104 | /DC{ | |
105 | newpath 0 360 arc closepath | |
106 | }bind def | |
107 | /TM matrix def | |
108 | /DE{ | |
109 | TM currentmatrix pop | |
110 | translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath | |
111 | TM setmatrix | |
112 | }bind def | |
113 | /RC/rcurveto load def | |
114 | /RL/rlineto load def | |
115 | /ST/stroke load def | |
116 | /MT/moveto load def | |
117 | /CL/closepath load def | |
118 | /Fr{ | |
119 | setrgbcolor fill | |
120 | }bind def | |
121 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
122 | pop | |
123 | /Fk{ | |
124 | setcmykcolor fill | |
125 | }bind def | |
126 | }if | |
127 | /Fg{ | |
128 | setgray fill | |
129 | }bind def | |
130 | /FL/fill load def | |
131 | /LW/setlinewidth load def | |
132 | /Cr/setrgbcolor load def | |
133 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
134 | pop | |
135 | /Ck/setcmykcolor load def | |
136 | }if | |
137 | /Cg/setgray load def | |
138 | /RE{ | |
139 | findfont | |
140 | dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin | |
141 | { | |
142 | 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse | |
143 | }forall | |
144 | /Encoding exch def | |
145 | dup/FontName exch def | |
146 | currentdict end definefont pop | |
147 | }bind def | |
148 | /DEFS 0 def | |
149 | /EBEGIN{ | |
150 | moveto | |
151 | DEFS begin | |
152 | }bind def | |
153 | /EEND/end load def | |
154 | /CNT 0 def | |
155 | /level1 0 def | |
156 | /PBEGIN{ | |
157 | /level1 save def | |
158 | translate | |
159 | div 3 1 roll div exch scale | |
160 | neg exch neg exch translate | |
161 | 0 setgray | |
162 | 0 setlinecap | |
163 | 1 setlinewidth | |
164 | 0 setlinejoin | |
165 | 10 setmiterlimit | |
166 | []0 setdash | |
167 | /setstrokeadjust where{ | |
168 | pop | |
169 | false setstrokeadjust | |
170 | }if | |
171 | /setoverprint where{ | |
172 | pop | |
173 | false setoverprint | |
174 | }if | |
175 | newpath | |
176 | /CNT countdictstack def | |
177 | userdict begin | |
178 | /showpage{}def | |
179 | /setpagedevice{}def | |
180 | }bind def | |
181 | /PEND{ | |
182 | countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat | |
183 | level1 restore | |
184 | }bind def | |
185 | end def | |
186 | /setpacking where{ | |
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188 | setpacking | |
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198 | %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic | |
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200 | %%IncludeResource: font Symbol | |
201 | grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 | |
202 | def/PL 841.89 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron | |
203 | /Zcaron/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef | |
204 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef | |
205 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef | |
206 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent | |
207 | /ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen | |
208 | /period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon | |
209 | /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O | |
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211 | /underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y | |
212 | /z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft | |
213 | /guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl | |
214 | /endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut | |
215 | /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash | |
216 | /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen | |
217 | /brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft | |
218 | /logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior | |
219 | /threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior | |
220 | /ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters | |
221 | /questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE | |
222 | /Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex | |
223 | /Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis | |
224 | /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn | |
225 | /germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla | |
226 | /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis | |
227 | /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash | |
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237 | -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0 | |
238 | (bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag)108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 | |
239 | Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1 | |
240 | (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q | |
241 | (yright \251 1989-2009 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E | |
242 | (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 | |
243 | .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 | |
244 | (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 | |
245 | (cutes commands read from the standard).15 F(input or from a \214le.)108 | |
246 | 194.4 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0(also incorporates useful features from the)2.5 E | |
247 | /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.4(Ko)2.5 G(rn).4 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(C)2.5 E F0 | |
248 | (shells \()2.5 E F2(ksh)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2(Bash)108 | |
249 | 211.2 Q F0 .527(is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Sh\ | |
250 | ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F | |
251 | (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 | |
252 | (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
253 | (OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .52(In addition to the single-character shell opti\ | |
254 | ons documented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)3.02 E F0 -.2 | |
255 | (bu)3.02 G .52(iltin command,).2 F F2(bash)108 264 Q F0 | |
256 | (interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing options when it is in)-.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 | |
257 | G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 280.8 Q F3(string)4.166 E F0 .796 | |
258 | (If the)12.354 F F2<ad63>3.296 E F0 .796 | |
259 | (option is present, then commands are read from)3.296 F F3(string)3.296 | |
260 | E F0 5.796(.I).22 G 3.297(ft)-5.796 G .797(here are ar)-3.297 F .797 | |
261 | (guments after)-.18 F(the)158 292.8 Q F3(string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t).22 G | |
262 | (he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G | |
263 | (re assigned to the positional parameters, starting with)-2.5 E F2($0) | |
264 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad69>108 304.8 Q F0(If the)41.52 E F2<ad69>2.5 E F0 | |
265 | (option is present, the shell is)2.5 E F3(inter)2.5 E(active)-.15 E F0 | |
266 | (.).18 E F2<ad6c>108 316.8 Q F0(Mak)41.52 E(e)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
267 | (act as if it had been in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5 | |
268 | (sal)-2.5 G(ogin shell \(see)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA) | |
269 | -.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2<ad72>108 328.8 Q F0 | |
270 | (If the)39.86 E F2<ad72>2.5 E F0(option is present, the shell becomes) | |
271 | 2.5 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(stricted).37 E F0(\(see)3.27 E F4 | |
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273 | F0 .602(If the)40.41 F F2<ad73>3.102 E F0 .602 | |
274 | (option is present, or if no ar)3.102 F .602 | |
275 | (guments remain after option processing, then commands)-.18 F .616 | |
276 | (are read from the standard input.)158 352.8 R .617(This option allo) | |
277 | 5.617 F .617(ws the positional parameters to be set when)-.25 F(in)158 | |
278 | 364.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell.) | |
279 | .15 E F2<ad44>108 376.8 Q F0 3.184(Al)37.08 G .684 | |
280 | (ist of all double-quoted strings preceded by)-3.184 F F2($)3.184 E F0 | |
281 | .684(is printed on the standard output.)3.184 F .683(These are)5.683 F | |
282 | .458(the strings that are subject to language translation when the curr\ | |
283 | ent locale is not)158 388.8 R F2(C)2.958 E F0(or)2.959 E F2(POSIX)2.959 | |
284 | E F0(.)A(This implies the)158 400.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 E F0 | |
285 | (option; no commands will be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 | |
286 | ([\255+]O [)108 412.8 Q F3(shopt_option)A F2(])A F3(shopt_option)158 | |
287 | 424.8 Q F0 1.097(is one of the shell options accepted by the)3.597 F F2 | |
288 | (shopt)3.597 E F0 -.2(bu)3.597 G 1.097(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.096 | |
289 | (SHELL B)3.596 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)158 436.8 Q F0(belo) | |
290 | 3.002 E 3.252(w\). If)-.25 F F3(shopt_option)3.253 E F0 .753 | |
291 | (is present,)3.253 F F2<ad4f>3.253 E F0 .753(sets the v)3.253 F .753 | |
292 | (alue of that option;)-.25 F F2(+O)3.253 E F0(unsets)3.253 E 2.625 | |
293 | (it. If)158 448.8 R F3(shopt_option)2.625 E F0 .125 | |
294 | (is not supplied, the names and v)2.625 F .124 | |
295 | (alues of the shell options accepted by)-.25 F F2(shopt)2.624 E F0 .505 | |
296 | (are printed on the standard output.)158 460.8 R .505(If the in)5.505 F | |
297 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .505(cation option is).2 F F2(+O)3.005 E F0 3.005(,t)C .506 | |
298 | (he output is displayed in a)-3.005 F | |
299 | (format that may be reused as input.)158 472.8 Q F2<adad>108 484.8 Q F0 | |
300 | (A)38.6 E F2<adad>3.364 E F0 .864 | |
301 | (signals the end of options and disables further option processing.) | |
302 | 3.364 F(An)5.863 E 3.363(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.363 G .863(uments after) | |
303 | .18 F(the)158 496.8 Q F2<adad>2.5 E F0 | |
304 | (are treated as \214lenames and ar)2.5 E 2.5(guments. An)-.18 F(ar)2.5 E | |
305 | (gument of)-.18 E F2<ad>2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) | |
306 | .25 E F2<adad>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 513.6 Q F0 .303 | |
307 | (also interprets a number of multi-character options.)2.803 F .304 | |
308 | (These options must appear on the command line)5.303 F | |
309 | (before the single-character options to be recognized.)108 525.6 Q F2 | |
310 | <adad646562>108 542.4 Q(ugger)-.2 E F0 .475(Arrange for the deb)144 | |
311 | 554.4 R .475(ugger pro\214le to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .475 | |
312 | (cuted before the shell starts.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.474 G .474(rns on e).45 | |
313 | F .474(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E .452 | |
314 | (ging mode \(see the description of the)144 566.4 R F2(extdeb)2.952 E | |
315 | (ug)-.2 E F0 .452(option to the)2.952 F F2(shopt)2.952 E F0 -.2(bu)2.952 | |
316 | G .452(iltin belo).2 F .452(w\) and shell func-)-.25 F | |
317 | (tion tracing \(see the description of the)144 578.4 Q F2 | |
318 | (\255o functrace)2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 | |
319 | G(iltin belo).2 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255dump\255po\255strings)108 590.4 | |
320 | Q F0(Equi)144 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
321 | (,b)C(ut the output is in the GNU)-2.7 E F3 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tte).1 E(xt)-.2 | |
322 | E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 | |
323 | (\255\255dump\255strings)108 614.4 Q F0(Equi)144 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G | |
324 | (lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(\255\255help)108 638.4 Q F0 | |
325 | (Display a usage message on standard output and e)6.26 E | |
326 | (xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2<adad696e6974ad8c6c65>108 650.4 Q F3 | |
327 | (\214le)2.5 E F2<adad72>108 662.4 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
328 | (Ex)144 674.4 Q 1.599(ecute commands from)-.15 F F3(\214le)6.009 E F0 | |
329 | 1.598(instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)4.279 F F3 | |
330 | (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) | |
331 | 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E | |
332 | (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 | |
333 | (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad6c>2.5 E F0(.)A | |
334 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(1)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
335 | %%Page: 2 2 | |
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340 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)108 84 Q F0 | |
341 | (Do not use the GNU)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
342 | (library to read command lines when the shell is interacti)2.5 E -.15 | |
343 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(\255\255nopr)108 112.8 Q(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .017 | |
344 | (Do not read either the system-wide startup \214le)144 124.8 R/F2 10 | |
345 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr)4.183 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 .017(or an)4.183 F | |
346 | 2.517(yo)-.15 G 2.517(ft)-2.517 G .018 | |
347 | (he personal initialization \214les)-2.517 F F2(~/.bash_pr)144 136.8 Q | |
348 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0(,).18 E F2(~/.bash_lo)2.698 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.698(,o) | |
349 | .24 G(r)-2.698 E F2(~/.pr)2.698 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 5.198(.B).18 G 2.698 | |
350 | (yd)-5.198 G(ef)-2.698 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.698 E F0 .198 | |
351 | (reads these \214les when it is in)2.698 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
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353 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) | |
354 | -.25 E F1<adad6e6f72>108 165.6 Q(c)-.18 E F0 1.228(Do not read and e) | |
355 | 5.34 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.228(cute the personal initialization \214le).15 | |
356 | F F2(~/.bashr)3.228 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.228(if the shell is interacti)4.038 | |
357 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.228(.T).15 G(his)-6.228 E(option is on by def)144 | |
358 | 177.6 Q(ault if the shell is in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 | |
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360 | (Change the beha)144 206.4 R 1.782(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.282 E F0 | |
361 | 1.782(where the def)4.282 F 1.782(ault operation dif)-.1 F 1.782 | |
362 | (fers from the POSIX standard to)-.25 F(match the standard \()144 218.4 | |
363 | Q F2(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1<adad72>108 235.2 Q(estricted)-.18 E F0 | |
364 | (The shell becomes restricted \(see)144 247.2 Q F3(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 | |
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366 | 144 276 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1<ad76>5 E F0(.)A F1<adad76>108 | |
367 | 292.8 Q(ersion)-.1 E F0(Sho)144 304.8 Q 2.5(wv)-.25 G | |
368 | (ersion information for this instance of)-2.65 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
369 | (on the standard output and e)2.5 E(xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E/F4 | |
370 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 321.6 Q F0 .016(If ar)108 333.6 R | |
371 | .016(guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F1 | |
372 | <ad63>2.516 E F0 .016(nor the)2.516 F F1<ad73>2.516 E F0 .016 | |
373 | (option has been supplied, the \214rst)2.516 F(ar)108 345.6 Q .041(gume\ | |
374 | nt is assumed to be the name of a \214le containing shell commands.)-.18 | |
375 | F(If)5.041 E F1(bash)2.541 E F0 .041(is in)2.541 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) | |
376 | .2 G 2.541(di).1 G 2.541(nt)-2.541 G .041(his f)-2.541 F(ashion,)-.1 E | |
377 | F1($0)108 357.6 Q F0 .936(is set to the name of the \214le, and the pos\ | |
378 | itional parameters are set to the remaining ar)3.435 F(guments.)-.18 E | |
379 | F1(Bash)5.936 E F0 .234(reads and e)108 369.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .234 | |
380 | (cutes commands from this \214le, then e).15 F(xits.)-.15 E F1(Bash) | |
381 | 5.234 E F0 1.334 -.55('s e)D .234(xit status is the e).4 F .233 | |
382 | (xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .348(mand e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 | |
383 | G .348(cuted in the script.).15 F .348(If no commands are e)5.348 F -.15 | |
384 | (xe)-.15 G .348(cuted, the e).15 F .349(xit status is 0.)-.15 F .349 | |
385 | (An attempt is \214rst made to)5.349 F .254 | |
386 | (open the \214le in the current directory)108 393.6 R 2.754(,a)-.65 G | |
387 | .253 | |
388 | (nd, if no \214le is found, then the shell searches the directories in) | |
389 | -2.754 F F3 -.666(PA)2.753 G(TH)-.189 E F0(for the script.)108 405.6 Q | |
390 | F4(INV)72 422.4 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 434.4 Q F2(lo)2.5 E | |
391 | (gin shell)-.1 E F0(is one whose \214rst character of ar)2.5 E | |
392 | (gument zero is a)-.18 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)-2.5 G | |
393 | (ne started with the)-2.5 E F1(\255\255login)2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E(An) | |
394 | 108 451.2 Q F2(inter)2.814 E(active)-.15 E F0 .314 | |
395 | (shell is one started without non-option ar)2.814 F .315 | |
396 | (guments and without the)-.18 F F1<ad63>2.815 E F0 .315 | |
397 | (option whose standard)2.815 F 1.5 | |
398 | (input and error are both connected to terminals \(as determined by)108 | |
399 | 463.2 R F2(isatty)4 E F0 1.5(\(3\)\), or one started with the).32 F F1 | |
400 | <ad69>4 E F0(option.)108 475.2 Q F3(PS1)5.289 E F0 .289(is set and)2.539 | |
401 | F F1<24ad>2.789 E F0(includes)2.789 E F1(i)2.789 E F0(if)2.789 E F1 | |
402 | (bash)2.789 E F0 .289(is interacti)2.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.789(,a).15 G | |
403 | (llo)-2.789 E .29(wing a shell script or a startup \214le to test this) | |
404 | -.25 F(state.)108 487.2 Q .033(The follo)108 504 R .033 | |
405 | (wing paragraphs describe ho)-.25 F(w)-.25 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 -.15 | |
406 | (exe)2.532 G .032(cutes its startup \214les.).15 F .032(If an)5.032 F | |
407 | 2.532(yo)-.15 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G .032(he \214les e)-2.532 F .032 | |
408 | (xist b)-.15 F .032(ut cannot be)-.2 F(read,)108 516 Q F1(bash)3.085 E | |
409 | F0 .585(reports an error)3.085 F 5.585(.T)-.55 G .585(ildes are e)-5.935 | |
410 | F .586(xpanded in \214le names as described belo)-.15 F 3.086(wu)-.25 G | |
411 | (nder)-3.086 E F1 -.18(Ti)3.086 G .586(lde Expansion).18 F F0(in the)108 | |
412 | 528 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(section.)2.25 E(When)108 544.8 Q F1 | |
413 | (bash)2.896 E F0 .396(is in)2.896 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.896(da).1 | |
414 | G 2.896(sa)-2.896 G 2.896(ni)-2.896 G(nteracti)-2.896 E .696 -.15(ve l) | |
415 | -.25 H .396(ogin shell, or as a non-interacti).15 F .695 -.15(ve s)-.25 | |
416 | H .395(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)2.895 E F0 .395(option, it) | |
417 | 2.895 F 1.333(\214rst reads and e)108 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.333 | |
418 | (cutes commands from the \214le).15 F F2(/etc/pr)3.833 E(o\214le)-.45 E | |
419 | F0 3.834(,i)C 3.834(ft)-3.834 G 1.334(hat \214le e)-3.834 F 3.834 | |
420 | (xists. After)-.15 F 1.334(reading that \214le, it)3.834 F .249 | |
421 | (looks for)108 568.8 R F2(~/.bash_pr)2.749 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 | |
422 | (~/.bash_lo)2.749 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.749(,a)C(nd)-2.749 E F2(~/.pr)2.749 E | |
423 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.749(,i)C 2.749(nt)-2.749 G .249(hat order)-2.749 F | |
424 | 2.748(,a)-.4 G .248(nd reads and e)-2.748 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .248 | |
425 | (cutes commands from).15 F .796(the \214rst one that e)108 580.8 R .796 | |
426 | (xists and is readable.)-.15 F(The)5.796 E F1(\255\255nopr)3.296 E | |
427 | (o\214le)-.18 E F0 .797(option may be used when the shell is started to) | |
428 | 3.296 F(inhibit this beha)108 592.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E | |
429 | (When a login shell e)108 609.6 Q(xits,)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
430 | (reads and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes commands from the \214le).15 E | |
431 | F2(~/.bash_lo)2.5 E(gout)-.1 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(te)-2.5 G | |
432 | (xists.)-2.65 E 1.698(When an interacti)108 626.4 R 1.998 -.15(ve s)-.25 | |
433 | H 1.698(hell that is not a login shell is started,).15 F F1(bash)4.197 E | |
434 | F0 1.697(reads and e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.697(cutes commands from) | |
435 | .15 F F2(~/.bashr)108 638.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G | |
436 | .035(hat \214le e)-2.535 F 2.535(xists. This)-.15 F .036 | |
437 | (may be inhibited by using the)2.535 F F1<adad6e6f72>2.536 E(c)-.18 E F0 | |
438 | 2.536(option. The)2.536 F F1<adad72>2.536 E(c\214le)-.18 E F2(\214le) | |
439 | 2.536 E F0 .036(option will)2.536 F(force)108 650.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
440 | (to read and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute commands from).15 E F2(\214le) | |
441 | 2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F2(~/.bashr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(.)A(When)108 | |
442 | 667.2 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15 | |
443 | (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 | |
444 | (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 | |
445 | F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) | |
446 | 3.26 F 1.01(vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01 | |
447 | (alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F | |
448 | 1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(name of a \214le to read and e)108 691.2 Q -.15 | |
449 | (xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E F1(Bash)5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa) | |
450 | .15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing command were e) | |
451 | -.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF | |
452 | (if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 709.2 Q F0 -.2(bu) | |
453 | 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G | |
454 | (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G | |
455 | (riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
456 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(2)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
457 | %%Page: 3 3 | |
458 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
459 | BP | |
460 | %%EndPageSetup | |
461 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
462 | -.35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in) | |
463 | 3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw).1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 | |
464 | F F1(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt)-3.417 G .917 | |
465 | (ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917(vior of historical v)-.2 F | |
466 | .917(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.417 E F0(as)3.417 E .145 | |
467 | (closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.) | |
468 | 108 96 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G | |
469 | 2.645(sa)-2.645 G 2.645(ni)-2.645 G(nteracti)-2.645 E .445 -.15(ve l) | |
470 | -.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 108 R 1.564 -.15 | |
471 | (ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 | |
472 | (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 | |
473 | (cute commands).15 F(from)108 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) | |
474 | 4.142 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.172 E F2(~/.pr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 | |
475 | 2.992(,i).18 G 2.992(nt)-2.992 G .492(hat order)-2.992 F 5.492(.T)-.55 G | |
476 | (he)-5.492 E F1(\255\255nopr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .493 | |
477 | (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.993 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E | |
478 | .418(When in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918(sa) | |
479 | -2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .418 | |
480 | (hell with the name).15 F F1(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.918 E F0 .418 | |
481 | (looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENV)2.918 E | |
482 | /F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F | |
483 | (alue)-.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 144 R .171 | |
484 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F | |
485 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in) | |
486 | -2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 156 Q F1(sh)3.081 E F0 | |
487 | .581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581 | |
488 | (cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58 | |
489 | (ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F1<adad72>3.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 | |
490 | .58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 168 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F | |
491 | (non-interacti)2.682 E .482 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .182(hell in).15 F -.2(vo) | |
492 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.682(dw).1 G .182(ith the name)-2.682 F F1(sh)2.682 E | |
493 | F0 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183 | |
494 | (ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 | |
495 | G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F1(sh)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(enters)2.5 E | |
496 | F2(posix)3.75 E F0(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E(When) | |
497 | 108 196.8 Q F1(bash)2.727 E F0 .226(is started in)2.727 F F2(posix)3.976 | |
498 | E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F1(\255\255posix)2.726 E F0 .226 | |
499 | (command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-)-.25 F | |
500 | .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 208.8 R .341(In this mode, interacti) | |
501 | 5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 F .341(xpand the)-.15 F | |
502 | F3(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342(riable and commands are read and) | |
503 | .25 F -.15(exe)108 220.8 S(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 | |
504 | E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.) | |
505 | 2.5 E F1(Bash)108 237.6 Q F0 .644(attempts to determine when it is bein\ | |
506 | g run with its standard input connected to a a netw)3.144 F .643 | |
507 | (ork connec-)-.1 F .229(tion, as if by the remote shell daemon, usually) | |
508 | 108 249.6 R F2 -.1(rs)2.729 G(hd).1 E F0 2.729(,o)C 2.73(rt)-2.729 G .23 | |
509 | (he secure shell daemon)-2.73 F F2(sshd)2.73 E F0 5.23(.I)C(f)-5.23 E F1 | |
510 | (bash)2.73 E F0 .23(determines it)2.73 F .741(is being run in this f)108 | |
511 | 261.6 R .741(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .741 | |
512 | (cutes commands from).15 F F2(~/.bashr)3.241 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.241(,i)C | |
513 | 3.241(ft)-3.241 G .741(hat \214le e)-3.241 F .741(xists and is read-) | |
514 | -.15 F 2.97(able. It)108 273.6 R .47(will not do this if in)2.97 F -.2 | |
515 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.97(da).1 G(s)-2.97 E F1(sh)2.97 E F0 5.47(.T)C | |
516 | (he)-5.47 E F1<adad6e6f72>2.97 E(c)-.18 E F0 .47 | |
517 | (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.97 F(vior)-.2 E 2.97(,a)-.4 G | |
518 | .47(nd the)-2.97 F F1<adad72>108 285.6 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .886 | |
519 | (option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)3.387 F(ut)-.2 | |
520 | E F2 -.1(rs)3.386 G(hd).1 E F0 .886(does not generally in)3.386 F -.2 | |
521 | (vo)-.4 G 1.086 -.1(ke t).2 H .886(he shell).1 F | |
522 | (with those options or allo)108 297.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G | |
523 | (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E 1.207 | |
524 | (If the shell is started with the ef)108 314.4 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 | |
525 | (ve u)-.25 H 1.208 | |
526 | (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F | |
527 | F1<ad70>3.708 E F0 .536(option is not supplied, no startup \214les are \ | |
528 | read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 326.4 R .535 | |
529 | (vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 338.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.459 G .21 | |
530 | (riable, if it appears in the en).25 F .21 | |
531 | (vironment, is ignored, and the ef)-.4 F(fecti)-.25 E .51 -.15(ve u)-.25 | |
532 | H .21(ser id is set to the real).15 F .261(user id.)108 350.4 R .261 | |
533 | (If the)5.261 F F1<ad70>2.761 E F0 .261(option is supplied at in)2.761 F | |
534 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .261(cation, the startup beha).2 F .261 | |
535 | (vior is the same, b)-.2 F .261(ut the ef)-.2 F(fecti)-.25 E .561 -.15 | |
536 | (ve u)-.25 H .261(ser id).15 F(is not reset.)108 362.4 Q/F5 10.95 | |
537 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)72 379.2 Q F0(The follo)108 391.2 Q | |
538 | (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 | |
539 | E F1(blank)108 403.2 Q F0 2.5(As)11.54 G(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F1 | |
540 | -.1(wo)108 415.2 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)13.88 G | |
541 | (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E | |
542 | (Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F1(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(name)108 | |
543 | 427.2 Q F0(A)12.67 E F2(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 | |
544 | (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be) | |
545 | 3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F | |
546 | (betic character or an underscore.)144 439.2 Q(Also referred to as an)5 | |
547 | E F1(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(metacharacter)108 451.2 Q F0 2.5(Ac) | |
548 | 144 463.2 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5 | |
549 | (ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 | |
550 | 475.2 S 2.5(pace tab)-5 F(contr)108 487.2 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 | |
551 | 499.2 Q F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E | |
552 | (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E/F6 10/Symbol SF<efef> | |
553 | 144 511.2 Q F1 5(&&)5 G 5(&;;)-5 G 5(;\(\)||)-5 G 10(&<)-5 G(newline>) | |
554 | -10 E F5(RESER)72 528 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F2 .307(Reserved wor) | |
555 | 108 540 R(ds)-.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 | |
556 | -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306 | |
557 | (The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F | |
558 | (reserv)108 552 Q .227(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F | |
559 | .227(ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F3 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F | |
560 | F0(belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 564 Q(ord of a)-.1 E | |
561 | F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F1 | |
562 | 11.916(!c)144 580.8 S 9.416(ase do done elif else esac \214 f)-11.916 F | |
563 | 9.415(or function if in select then until)-.25 F 7.5 | |
564 | (while { } time [[ ]])144 592.8 R F5(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 609.6 Q F1 | |
565 | (Simple Commands)87 621.6 Q F0(A)108 633.6 Q F2 .388(simple command) | |
566 | 2.888 F F0 .388(is a sequence of optional v)2.888 F .389 | |
567 | (ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .389(wed by)-.25 F F1(blank)2.889 E F0 | |
568 | .389(-separated w)B .389(ords and)-.1 F .816 | |
569 | (redirections, and terminated by a)108 645.6 R F2(contr)3.316 E .815 | |
570 | (ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F | |
571 | .815(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 | |
572 | E(and is passed as ar)108 657.6 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 | |
573 | E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
574 | (ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E .175(The return v)108 674.4 R .175 | |
575 | (alue of a)-.25 F F2 .175(simple command)2.675 F F0 .175(is its e)2.675 | |
576 | F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F2(n)A F0 .176 | |
577 | (if the command is terminated by signal)3.508 F F2(n)2.676 E F0(.).24 E | |
578 | F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ | |
579 | a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ | |
580 | rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C | |
581 | (he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
582 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
583 | %%Page: 4 4 | |
584 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
585 | BP | |
586 | %%EndPageSetup | |
587 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
588 | -.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 | |
589 | (]] [ ! ])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(|) | |
590 | -2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F1(|&)A F0(])A F2(command2)2.5 E F0(... ]) | |
591 | 2.5 E .243(The standard output of)108 100.8 R F2(command)2.943 E F0 .244 | |
592 | (is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.513 F F2(command2) | |
593 | 2.744 E F0 5.244(.T).02 G .244(his connec-)-5.244 F .643 | |
594 | (tion is performed before an)108 112.8 R 3.143(yr)-.15 G .642 | |
595 | (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-3.143 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
596 | SF(REDIRECTION)3.142 E F0(belo)2.892 E 3.142(w\). If)-.25 F F1(|&)3.142 | |
597 | E F0(is)3.142 E 1.43(used, the standard error of)108 124.8 R F2(command) | |
598 | 3.93 E F0 1.431(is connected to)3.93 F F2(command2)3.931 E F0 2.531 -.55 | |
599 | ('s s)D 1.431(tandard input through the pipe; it is).55 F 1.197 | |
600 | (shorthand for)108 136.8 R F1 1.197(2>&1 |)3.697 F F0 6.197(.T)C 1.197 | |
601 | (his implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after an) | |
602 | -6.197 F 3.696(yr)-.15 G(edirections)-3.696 E | |
603 | (speci\214ed by the command.)108 148.8 Q .48 | |
604 | (The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 165.6 R .48 | |
605 | (xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F1(pipefail)2.98 E F0 | |
606 | .48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 177.6 Q F1(pipefail)2.687 E F0 .187 | |
607 | (is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186 | |
608 | (eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186 | |
609 | (alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15 | |
610 | F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 189.6 R .611 | |
611 | (xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611 | |
612 | (he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(!)3.111 E F0 .611 | |
613 | (precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .55 | |
614 | (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 | |
615 | (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
616 | G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F | |
617 | (all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 | |
618 | 213.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 230.4 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) | |
619 | 2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\ | |
620 | ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 242.4 S | |
621 | .14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E | |
622 | F1<ad70>2.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) | |
623 | 2.639 F .779(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 254.4 R(The)5.779 E F4(TIMEFORMA) | |
624 | 3.279 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.029 G .779 | |
625 | (riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.28(wt) | |
626 | -.25 G .78(he timing)-3.28 F | |
627 | (information should be displayed; see the description of)108 266.4 Q F4 | |
628 | (TIMEFORMA)2.5 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)2.25 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) | |
629 | -.92 E F0(belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 | |
630 | 283.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
631 | (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F1(Lists)87 | |
632 | 300 Q F0(A)108 312 Q F2(list)2.601 E F0 .101(is a sequence of one or mo\ | |
633 | re pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.601 F F1(;)2.6 E F0(,)A | |
634 | F1(&)2.6 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.6 E F0 2.6(,o)C(r)-2.6 E F3<efef>2.6 E F0 2.6 | |
635 | (,a)C .1(nd option-)-2.6 F(ally terminated by one of)108 324 Q F1(;)2.5 | |
636 | E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .656 | |
637 | (Of these list operators,)108 340.8 R F1(&&)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F3 | |
638 | <efef>3.156 E F0(ha)3.156 E .956 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .656 | |
639 | (qual precedence, follo).15 F .656(wed by)-.25 F F1(;)3.156 E F0(and) | |
640 | 3.156 E F1(&)3.156 E F0 3.156(,w)C .656(hich ha)-3.156 F .957 -.15(ve e) | |
641 | -.2 H .657(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 352.8 Q 2.5(As)108 369.6 S | |
642 | (equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list) | |
643 | 2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 | |
644 | (If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 386.4 R F1(&) | |
645 | 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 | |
646 | (cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 | |
647 | (in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 398.4 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 | |
648 | (shell does not w)2.875 F .375 | |
649 | (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 | |
650 | (Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 410.4 R F1(;)3.349 E F0 .849 | |
651 | (are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F | |
652 | .848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) | |
653 | 5.848 F(status is the e)108 422.4 Q(xit status of the last command e) | |
654 | -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .632(AND and OR lists are sequences \ | |
655 | of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 439.2 R F1(&&)3.132 E F0 | |
656 | (and)3.133 E F3<efef>3.133 E F0 .633(control operators,)3.133 F | |
657 | (respecti)108 451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G | |
658 | (ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 | |
659 | E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2 | |
660 | (command1)144 468 Q F1(&&)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 484.8 Q | |
661 | F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1) | |
662 | 2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E | |
663 | (An OR list has the form)108 501.6 Q F2(command1)144 518.4 Q F3<efef>2.5 | |
664 | E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 540 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe) | |
665 | -.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F2(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 | |
666 | (returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .728 | |
667 | (The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 552 Q | |
668 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
669 | (cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 568.8 Q F0(A)108 580.8 | |
670 | Q F2(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E | |
671 | (\()108 597.6 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F | |
672 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) | |
673 | -.4 F F4 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo) | |
674 | 2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 609.6 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) | |
675 | 1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F | |
676 | 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef) | |
677 | 144 621.6 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E | |
678 | (The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.) | |
679 | A({)108 638.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 | |
680 | (is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) | |
681 | .15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 .402 | |
682 | (must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 | |
683 | (semicolon. This)144 650.4 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 | |
684 | (gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 | |
685 | (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) | |
686 | 3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 662.4 R 2.719(et) | |
687 | -.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 | |
688 | (\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 | |
689 | E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 | |
690 | (and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 674.4 S .257 | |
691 | (rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) | |
692 | -.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) | |
693 | -.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 686.4 Q F2 | |
694 | (list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 | |
695 | E(\(\()108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 | |
696 | 715.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F | |
697 | -.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F | |
698 | 2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F4 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E | |
699 | (A-)-.54 E(TION)144 727.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) | |
700 | 4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ | |
701 | n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
702 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(4)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
703 | %%Page: 5 5 | |
704 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
705 | BP | |
706 | %%EndPageSetup | |
707 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
708 | -.35 E(is 1.)144 84 Q(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G | |
709 | (lent to).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(let ")2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
710 | -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(")A F0(.)A F1([[)108 100.8 Q F2 -.2 | |
711 | (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 | |
712 | (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 112.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G | |
713 | 1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.8 G | |
714 | (pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 | |
715 | (Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 124.8 R | |
716 | 4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)4.773 E | |
717 | 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 F(SIONS)144 136.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
718 | -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 | |
719 | (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F | |
720 | F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 148.8 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 | |
721 | (ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) | |
722 | -.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 | |
723 | (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 | |
724 | (tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 160.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G | |
725 | 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 | |
726 | (Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F1<ad66>3.581 E F0 | |
727 | (must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 172.8 Q .503 | |
728 | (When the)144 190.8 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502 | |
729 | (operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is conside\ | |
730 | red a pat-)3.002 F 1.224 | |
731 | (tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 202.8 R | |
732 | 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725(nM)-.15 | |
733 | G(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225(he shell)-3.725 | |
734 | F(option)144 214.8 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 | |
735 | (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G | |
736 | .904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 226.8 | |
737 | R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F | |
738 | F1(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F | |
739 | F1(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 238.8 S | |
740 | 2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ | |
741 | to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 | |
742 | (An additional binary operator)144 256.8 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 | |
743 | 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 | |
744 | (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E | |
745 | F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 | |
746 | (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 | |
747 | 268.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 | |
748 | (xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 280.8 R F2 | |
749 | -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 | |
750 | (return v)2.707 F .207 | |
751 | (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 | |
752 | (otherwise. If)144 292.8 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 | |
753 | (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F | |
754 | (xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 304.8 S | |
755 | .667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F1(nocasematch) | |
756 | 3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F | |
757 | -.05(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.) | |
758 | 144 316.8 R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 | |
759 | (art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F | |
760 | .265(as a string.)144 328.8 R .265 | |
761 | (Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 | |
762 | (xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) | |
763 | -.15 F(sa)144 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.117(di).15 G 3.117(nt)-3.117 G | |
764 | .617(he array v)-3.117 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)3.117 G(SH_REMA).3 E | |
765 | (TCH)-.95 E F0 5.617(.T)C .617(he element of)-5.617 F F1 -.3(BA)3.118 G | |
766 | (SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .618(with inde)3.118 F(x)-.15 E 6.883(0i)144 | |
767 | 352.8 S 6.883(st)-6.883 G 4.382 | |
768 | (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-6.883 F 4.382(gular e) | |
769 | -.15 F 6.882(xpression. The)-.15 F 4.382(element of)6.882 F F1 -.3(BA) | |
770 | 144 364.8 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 2.087(with inde)4.587 F(x)-.15 E | |
771 | F2(n)4.587 E F0 2.088(is the portion of the string matching the)4.587 F | |
772 | F2(n)4.588 E F0 2.088(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 376.8 Q(xpression.) | |
773 | -.15 E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 394.8 R .785 | |
774 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 | |
775 | 406.8 Q F1(\()144 424.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) | |
776 | 2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 436.8 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) | |
777 | 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) | |
778 | -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F | |
779 | (operators.)180 448.8 Q F1(!)144 460.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) | |
780 | -.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 472.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E | |
781 | (ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 484.8 S(pr).2 E | |
782 | (ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 | |
783 | -.35(Tr)180 496.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) | |
784 | -.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) | |
785 | 2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 508.8 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF | |
786 | <efef>2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 520.8 | |
787 | S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E | |
788 | F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 537.6 | |
789 | Q F1(&&)3.299 E F0(and)3.299 E F5<efef>3.298 E F0 .798 | |
790 | (operators do not e)3.298 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G | |
791 | (pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .798(if the v)3.298 F .798(alue of)-.25 F F2 | |
792 | -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .798(is suf)3.298 F .798 | |
793 | (\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 549.6 Q | |
794 | (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) | |
795 | 108 566.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) | |
796 | -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 | |
797 | .423(The list of w)144 578.4 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) | |
798 | 2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.) | |
799 | -.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424 | |
800 | (is set to)2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 590.4 | |
801 | R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 | |
802 | (cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E | |
803 | (d)-.37 E F0 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 | |
804 | .648(command e)144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 | |
805 | .648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 | |
806 | -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 | |
807 | (The return status is the e)144 614.4 R .153 | |
808 | (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 | |
809 | (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F | |
810 | (follo)144 626.4 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 | |
811 | (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
812 | (cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 643.2 S(r).25 E | |
813 | F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 | |
814 | E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 | |
815 | (list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) | |
816 | 144 655.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) | |
817 | 3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 | |
818 | (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G | |
819 | (nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 667.2 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) | |
820 | -.54 G(ION).855 E F4(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e)5.062 F(xpression)-.15 | |
821 | E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e)3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
822 | .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 679.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G | |
823 | .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2) | |
824 | .2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E | |
825 | F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592 | |
826 | (cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 691.2 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 | |
827 | -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729 | |
828 | (luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 | |
829 | (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G | |
830 | 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G | |
831 | .228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 703.2 R .227 | |
832 | (alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 | |
833 | (list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) | |
834 | .15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 | |
835 | E -.15(ex)144 715.2 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E | |
836 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
837 | %%Page: 6 6 | |
838 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
839 | BP | |
840 | %%EndPageSetup | |
841 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
842 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(select)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
843 | (name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G | |
844 | F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .433(The list of w)144 | |
845 | 96 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 | |
846 | F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .432(The set of e) | |
847 | 5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 | |
848 | (is printed on the standard error)144 108 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 | |
849 | (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) | |
850 | -3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 | |
851 | (is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .064(tional parameters are printed \(see) | |
852 | 144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.564 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo) | |
853 | 2.314 E 2.564(w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.564 E F0 .064 | |
854 | (prompt is then displayed and a)2.564 F .213 | |
855 | (line read from the standard input.)144 132 R .213 | |
856 | (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 | |
857 | F 1.538(played w)144 144 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) | |
858 | -.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) | |
859 | -.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 | |
860 | F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 156 R 2.565 | |
861 | (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) | |
862 | 5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 | |
863 | F F2(name)144 168 Q F0 .76(to be set to null.)3.44 F .76 | |
864 | (The line read is sa)5.76 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.259(di).15 G 3.259(nt)-3.259 | |
865 | G .759(he v)-3.259 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.259 E(Y)-.92 E F0 5.759 | |
866 | (.T)C(he)-5.759 E F2(list)3.349 E F0 .759(is e)3.939 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
867 | .759(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 180 R F1(br)2.571 | |
868 | E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 | |
869 | (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) | |
870 | 2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F | |
871 | (last command e)144 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 | |
872 | 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
873 | G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 208.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 | |
874 | 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 | |
875 | (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) | |
876 | 2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 220.8 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 | |
877 | (command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
878 | 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F | |
879 | F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595 | |
880 | (same matching rules as for pathname e)144 232.8 R .595(xpansion \(see) | |
881 | -.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E | |
882 | 3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144 | |
883 | 244.8 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 | |
884 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 | |
885 | (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 | |
886 | (mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 256.8 R -.25 | |
887 | (va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G | |
888 | 1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 268.8 R | |
889 | .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 | |
890 | (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.516 | |
891 | (tution, and process substitution.)144 280.8 R 1.516 | |
892 | (If the shell option)6.516 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.517 | |
893 | (is enabled, the match is per)4.017 F(-)-.2 E 1.347(formed without re) | |
894 | 144 292.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.347 | |
895 | (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.346 | |
896 | (When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 304.8 Q F2(list) | |
897 | 2.776 E F0 .277(is e)2.776 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the) | |
898 | 2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277 | |
899 | (operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F | |
900 | .849(\214rst pattern match.)144 316.8 R(Using)5.849 E F1(;&)3.349 E F0 | |
901 | .849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe) | |
902 | -.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.348 E F0 | |
903 | (associated)3.348 E .077(with the ne)144 328.8 R .077 | |
904 | (xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.077 E F1(;;&)2.577 E F0 .078 | |
905 | (in place of)2.577 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .078 | |
906 | (causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .078(xt pattern list in)-.15 F | |
907 | .227(the statement, if an)144 340.8 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e) | |
908 | .65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727 | |
909 | E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e) | |
910 | 5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 352.8 | |
911 | Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E | |
912 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 369.6 Q F2 | |
913 | (list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E | |
914 | F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 | |
915 | E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 381.6 Q F1 | |
916 | (if)2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 | |
917 | (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F | |
918 | F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
919 | 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 | |
920 | E F0 1.088(is e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 | |
921 | (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 | |
922 | (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) | |
923 | 3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F | |
924 | .103(command completes.)144 405.6 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else) | |
925 | 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 | |
926 | (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) | |
927 | -.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 417.6 Q -.15 | |
928 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) | |
929 | 108 434.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 | |
930 | (done)2.5 E(until)108 446.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list) | |
931 | 2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 458.4 Q F1(while)3.104 E F0 .603 | |
932 | (command continuously e)3.104 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 | |
933 | (do)3.103 E F2(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 | |
934 | F F2(list)3.103 E F0(returns)3.103 E .47(an e)144 470.4 R .47 | |
935 | (xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.47 E F1(until)2.97 E F0 .471 | |
936 | (command is identical to the)2.97 F F1(while)2.971 E F0 .471(command, e) | |
937 | 2.971 F .471(xcept that the test)-.15 F .096(is ne)144 482.4 R -.05(ga) | |
938 | -.15 G .096(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.596 E F2(list)2.686 E F0 .095(is e) | |
939 | 3.276 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F | |
940 | F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(returns a non-zero e)3.275 F .095(xit status.) | |
941 | -.15 F 1.306(The e)144 494.4 R 1.306(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) | |
942 | 3.806 E F0(and)3.806 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 | |
943 | F 1.307(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.807 E F2(list)3.807 E F0 | |
944 | (command)3.807 E -.15(exe)144 506.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E | |
945 | (as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 523.2 Q(ocesses)-.18 | |
946 | E F0(A)108 535.2 Q F2(copr)3.713 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.213 | |
947 | (is a shell command preceded by the)3.713 F F1(copr)3.712 E(oc)-.18 E F0 | |
948 | (reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F 3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212 | |
949 | (coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212(cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chr\ | |
950 | onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) | |
951 | 108 547.2 R F1(&)3.075 E F0 .575(control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G | |
952 | .575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 559.2 S 2.5(yp).1 G | |
953 | (ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
954 | (cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) | |
955 | 108 576 Q F1(copr)144 592.8 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E | |
956 | F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E | |
957 | F0(])A .923(This creates a coprocess named)108 609.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.423 | |
958 | G(ME).27 E F0 5.923(.I)C(f)-5.923 E F2 -.27(NA)3.423 G(ME).27 E F0 .922 | |
959 | (is not supplied, the def)3.423 F .922(ault name is)-.1 F F2(COPR)3.422 | |
960 | E(OC)-.4 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.922 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 | |
961 | (must not be supplied if)108 621.6 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 | |
962 | F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
963 | .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 | |
964 | 633.6 S .163(rd of the simple command.).1 F .163(When the coproc is e) | |
965 | 5.163 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .163(cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F | |
966 | .163(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.662 E F0(belo)108 645.6 Q .511 | |
967 | (w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.011 G(ME).27 E F0 .511(in the conte)3.011 | |
968 | F .511(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511 | |
969 | (The standard output of)5.511 F F2(command)3.212 E F0 .512(is connected) | |
970 | 3.782 F .811(via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 657.6 R -.15 | |
971 | (xe)-.15 G .81(cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to) | |
972 | .15 F F2 -.27(NA)3.31 G(ME).27 E F0 3.31([0]. The)B .716 | |
973 | (standard input of)108 669.6 R F2(command)3.416 E F0 .716 | |
974 | (is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)3.986 F -.15 | |
975 | (xe)-.15 G .717(cuting shell, and that \214le).15 F .703 | |
976 | (descriptor is assigned to)108 681.6 R F2 -.27(NA)3.203 G(ME).27 E F0 | |
977 | 3.203([1]. This)B .703(pipe is established before an)3.203 F 3.202(yr) | |
978 | -.15 G .702(edirections speci\214ed by the com-)-3.202 F 1.183 | |
979 | (mand \(see)108 693.6 R F3(REDIRECTION)3.683 E F0(belo)3.433 E 3.683 | |
980 | (w\). The)-.25 F 1.183(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.683 F | |
981 | 1.184(guments to shell commands)-.18 F .07 | |
982 | (and redirections using standard w)108 705.6 R .07(ord e)-.1 F 2.57 | |
983 | (xpansions. The)-.15 F .07(process id of the shell spa)2.57 F .07 | |
984 | (wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .07(cute the copro-).15 F .631 | |
985 | (cess is a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .631(ilable as the v).25 F .631 | |
986 | (alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.131 G(ME).27 E F0 | |
987 | 3.131(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.131 E F0 -.2(bu)3.131 G .631 | |
988 | (iltin command may be used to w).2 F(ait)-.1 E | |
989 | (for the coprocess to terminate.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
990 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
991 | %%Page: 7 7 | |
992 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
993 | BP | |
994 | %%EndPageSetup | |
995 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
996 | -.35 E(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 84 Q(xit status of) | |
997 | -.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
998 | SF(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 100.8 Q F0 2.698(As)108 112.8 S .198 | |
999 | (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G | |
1000 | .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 | |
1001 | (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 124.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) | |
1002 | -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E | |
1003 | (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 141.6 Q F2 | |
1004 | (function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F1 | |
1005 | (compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 | |
1006 | E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 153.6 R F1(name)3.902 | |
1007 | E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 | |
1008 | (function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.403(If the)6.402 F F2 | |
1009 | (function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 165.6 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 | |
1010 | (ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F1 | |
1011 | (body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound)2.662 F(command) | |
1012 | 144 177.6 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 | |
1013 | (Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) | |
1014 | .15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 189.6 Q F0 .044 | |
1015 | (of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 | |
1016 | (yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) | |
1017 | 2.544 F F0(abo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 | |
1018 | (compound\255command)6.67 E F0 1.67(is e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671 | |
1019 | (cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 | |
1020 | (is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.009(command. An)144 | |
1021 | 213.6 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F/F3 9 | |
1022 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 | |
1023 | (w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .58 | |
1024 | (performed when the function is e)144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.08 | |
1025 | (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .581 | |
1026 | (it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ | |
1027 | x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 | |
1028 | 237.6 R 2.677(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.677 G .177(cuted, the).15 F | |
1029 | -.15(ex)144 249.6 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 | |
1030 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 | |
1031 | (cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F3(FUNC-)3.14 E | |
1032 | (TIONS)144 261.6 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 | |
1033 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 278.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 | |
1034 | 290.4 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 | |
1035 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1 | |
1036 | (ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E | |
1037 | F0 -.2(bu)108 302.4 S .951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) | |
1038 | 3.451 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 | |
1039 | (w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.452 E | |
1040 | F0 .952(causes that w)3.452 F(ord)-.1 E .605 | |
1041 | (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 314.4 R | |
1042 | .604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) | |
1043 | .15 F F2(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 326.4 Q F0 | |
1044 | 1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 | |
1045 | (omments. The)-3.836 F F2(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E | |
1046 | F0 1.337(option is on by def)3.837 F 1.337(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 | |
1047 | 338.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 355.2 S -.438(OT) | |
1048 | .11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 367.2 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F | |
1049 | .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 | |
1050 | (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 | |
1051 | (ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 | |
1052 | (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 | |
1053 | 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 | |
1054 | (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 391.2 Q -.15 | |
1055 | (ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 | |
1056 | 408 R F1(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 | |
1057 | (listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) | |
1058 | 2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F | |
1059 | (quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 420 Q 1.344 | |
1060 | (When the command history e)108 436.8 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 | |
1061 | (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 | |
1062 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) | |
1063 | -.25 F F1(history e)108 448.8 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 | |
1064 | (,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 | |
1065 | E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E | |
1066 | (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 465.6 Q F1(escape c)2.5 E | |
1067 | (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G | |
1068 | (ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.975(An)108 482.4 S .475 | |
1069 | (on-quoted backslash \()-2.975 F F2(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 | |
1070 | G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 | |
1071 | (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F | |
1072 | .474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .474(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 494.4 | |
1073 | Q 1.553(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 | |
1074 | (wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 | |
1075 | (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.123 | |
1076 | (quoted, the)108 506.4 R F2(\\)3.623 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 | |
1077 | (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F | |
1078 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.122(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F | |
1079 | (ef)108 518.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 | |
1080 | (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 535.2 R .295 | |
1081 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) | |
1082 | -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E | |
1083 | (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 547.2 Q -.15(ve) | |
1084 | -.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 | |
1085 | (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 564 R .034 | |
1086 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 | |
1087 | (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 | |
1088 | 576 S .827(ception of).15 F F2($)3.327 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F2 | |
1089 | (\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 | |
1090 | (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 | |
1091 | (he characters)-5.828 F F2($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F2<92>3.328 E F0 | |
1092 | .828(retain their special)3.328 F .075(meaning within double quotes.)108 | |
1093 | 588 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) | |
1094 | 5.075 F .074(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 600 Q .204 | |
1095 | (wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)2.704 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.704 E F0(,)A F2(") | |
1096 | 3.537 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)2.704 E F0 2.704(,o)C(r)-2.704 E F2(<newline>) | |
1097 | 2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .205 | |
1098 | (double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .082 | |
1099 | (ceding it with a backslash.)108 612 R .082(If enabled, history e)5.082 | |
1100 | F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.581 E F0 .081 | |
1101 | (appearing in double)5.081 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 | |
1102 | 624 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15 | |
1103 | (ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 640.8 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0 | |
1104 | (and)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H | |
1105 | (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G | |
1106 | (RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 657.6 S .211 | |
1107 | (rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.711 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C | |
1108 | .211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F | |
1109 | .211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C | |
1110 | .212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 | |
1111 | (acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 669.6 R .604 | |
1112 | (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) | |
1113 | 108 681.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 693.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2 | |
1114 | (\\b)144 705.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\e)144 717.6 Q F0 | |
1115 | (an escape character)28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
1116 | 140.96 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1117 | %%Page: 8 8 | |
1118 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1119 | BP | |
1120 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1121 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1122 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\f)144 84 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n) | |
1123 | 144 96 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0 | |
1124 | (carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 120 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1 | |
1125 | (\\v)144 132 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 | |
1126 | (backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 156 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E F1(\\)144 | |
1127 | 168 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) | |
1128 | 18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
1129 | (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 180 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
1130 | (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
1131 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
1132 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\c)144 192 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5 | |
1133 | (ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 208.8 Q(\ | |
1134 | xpanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been pre\ | |
1135 | sent.)-.15 E 2.985(Ad)108 225.6 S .485 | |
1136 | (ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.985 F F1($)A F0 | |
1137 | 2.986(\)w)C .486(ill cause the string to be translated according to the) | |
1138 | -2.986 F .118(current locale.)108 237.6 R .118(If the current locale is) | |
1139 | 5.118 F F1(C)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F1(POSIX)2.618 E F0 2.618(,t)C .117 | |
1140 | (he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.618 F .117 | |
1141 | (If the string is translated and)5.117 F | |
1142 | (replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 249.6 Q/F3 10.95 | |
1143 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 266.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 278.4 Q F2 | |
1144 | (par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F | |
1145 | 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842(can be a)3.342 F F2(name)3.343 E F0 3.343 | |
1146 | (,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E 3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843 | |
1147 | (ne of the special characters)-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 290.4 R | |
1148 | 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E | |
1149 | F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) | |
1150 | 3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 | |
1151 | (riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 302.4 Q F0 .368(and zero or more)2.868 | |
1152 | F F2(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 | |
1153 | (utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1154 | 2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 | |
1155 | (belo)108 314.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B) | |
1156 | 2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 | |
1157 | 2.755(Ap)108 331.2 S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) | |
1158 | -2.755 F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254 | |
1159 | (alid v)-.25 F 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254 | |
1160 | (ariable is set, it)-3.004 F(may be unset only by using the)108 343.2 Q | |
1161 | F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E | |
1162 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 360 Q | |
1163 | F2(variable)2.79 E F0(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 | |
1164 | E F2(name)144 376.8 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 393.6 Q F2(value) | |
1165 | 3.022 E F0 .232(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F | |
1166 | .232(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F2(values) | |
1167 | 3.023 E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233 | |
1168 | (xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 405.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F | |
1169 | .515(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 | |
1170 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) | |
1171 | -3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 417.6 Q 2.698 | |
1172 | (w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 | |
1173 | (integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F2(value) | |
1174 | 2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199 | |
1175 | (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1176 | (n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 429.6 R .902 | |
1177 | (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F | |
1178 | F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 | |
1179 | (ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 441.6 R | |
1180 | 1.178(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 | |
1181 | (xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) | |
1182 | 3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 | |
1183 | (xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 453.6 R 1.149 | |
1184 | (statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 | |
1185 | (alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 | |
1186 | E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 | |
1187 | 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E | |
1188 | .376(In the conte)108 482.4 R .376 | |
1189 | (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 | |
1190 | (alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 | |
1191 | (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 | |
1192 | (operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 494.4 R(ariable') | |
1193 | -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) | |
1194 | -.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .372 | |
1195 | (for which the inte)108 506.4 R .372(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 | |
1196 | (ute has been set,)-.2 F F2(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) | |
1197 | -.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .373 | |
1198 | (xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 518.4 S(riable').25 E | |
1199 | 2.889(sc)-.55 G .389(urrent v)-2.889 F .389(alue, which is also e)-.25 F | |
1200 | -.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 | |
1201 | (+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .388(ariable using compound)-.25 F | |
1202 | .185(assignment \(see)108 530.4 R F1(Arrays)2.685 E F0(belo)2.685 E .185 | |
1203 | (w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 | |
1204 | (alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.686(wv) | |
1205 | -.25 G .186(alues are)-2.936 F 1.385(appended to the array be)108 542.4 | |
1206 | R 1.384(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 3.884(sm)-.55 G | |
1207 | 1.384(aximum inde)-3.884 F 3.884(x\()-.15 G 1.384(for inde)-3.884 F -.15 | |
1208 | (xe)-.15 G 3.884(da).15 G 1.384(rrays\) or)-3.884 F .122 | |
1209 | (added as additional k)108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .122 | |
1210 | (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F .423 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E | |
1211 | 5.123(.W)-.65 G .123(hen applied to a string-v)-5.123 F .123(alued v) | |
1212 | -.25 F(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.623 E F0(is e)108 566.4 Q | |
1213 | (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G | |
1214 | (alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 583.2 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 | |
1215 | (A)108 595.2 Q F2 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ | |
1216 | a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ | |
1217 | 0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 | |
1218 | (tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 607.2 R 2.944(sa) | |
1219 | -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
1220 | (ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 619.2 Q F1 | |
1221 | (set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ | |
1222 | parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F | |
1223 | (The)5.833 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ | |
1224 | shell function is e)108 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .334(cuted \(see).15 F | |
1225 | F4(FUNCTIONS)2.834 E F0(belo)2.584 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positiona\ | |
1226 | l parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 648 R 1.403 | |
1227 | (xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 660 Q F4(EXP) | |
1228 | 2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 676.8 Q | |
1229 | (arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 688.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1230 | 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 | |
1231 | (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F | |
1232 | (them is not allo)108 700.8 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 712.8 Q F0 .606 | |
1233 | (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .605 | |
1234 | (When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F 1.432 | |
1235 | (ble quotes, it e)144 724.8 R 1.432(xpands to a single w)-.15 F 1.432 | |
1236 | (ord with the v)-.1 F 1.433 | |
1237 | (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
1238 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1239 | %%Page: 9 9 | |
1240 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1241 | BP | |
1242 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1243 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1244 | -.35 E .335(character of the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.835 E | |
1245 | F0 .335(special v)2.585 F 2.835(ariable. That)-.25 F .335(is, ")2.835 F | |
1246 | /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($*)A F0 2.834("i)C 2.834(se)-2.834 G(qui)-2.834 E | |
1247 | -.25(va)-.25 G .334(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A | |
1248 | F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0 .334(", where)B F3(c)3.034 E F0 .334 | |
1249 | (is the \214rst)3.144 F .487(character of the v)144 96 R .487 | |
1250 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.987 E F0 -.25(va)2.737 G 2.987(riable. If) | |
1251 | .25 F F1(IFS)2.987 E F0 .487 | |
1252 | (is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)2.737 F(If)144 108 Q | |
1253 | F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E | |
1254 | (ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 120 Q F0 .606 | |
1255 | (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .605 | |
1256 | (When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 | |
1257 | (ble quotes, each parameter e)144 132 R .113(xpands to a separate w)-.15 | |
1258 | F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F2($@)A F0 2.614("i)C 2.614 | |
1259 | (se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 | |
1260 | 2.614("")C F2($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 | |
1261 | (If the double-quoted e)144 144 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F | |
1262 | .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) | |
1263 | -.15 F .15(with the be)144 156 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 | |
1264 | F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .151 | |
1265 | (xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 | |
1266 | (the last part of the original w)144 168 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 | |
1267 | (there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) | |
1268 | -2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E | |
1269 | (to nothing \(i.e., the)144 180 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) | |
1270 | -.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 192 Q F0 | |
1271 | (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F2(?) | |
1272 | 108 204 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e) | |
1273 | -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 | |
1274 | 216 Q F0 .881 | |
1275 | (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2 | |
1276 | (vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G .882 | |
1277 | (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 | |
1278 | 228 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 240 Q F0 .214 | |
1279 | (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 | |
1280 | (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 | |
1281 | (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F | |
1282 | (shell, not the subshell.)144 252 Q F2(!)108 264 Q F0 | |
1283 | (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1284 | (cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F2(0)108 276 Q F0 | |
1285 | 1.691(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.692 | |
1286 | (This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E | |
1287 | F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 288 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 | |
1288 | (ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 | |
1289 | (is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E | |
1290 | F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F2<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 | |
1291 | (option, then)144 300 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) | |
1292 | 2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 | |
1293 | (cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E | |
1294 | (wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
1295 | -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 | |
1296 | H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 | |
1297 | 324 Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in) | |
1298 | 31 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054 | |
1299 | (he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691 | |
1300 | (as passed in the en)144 336 R .691(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 | |
1301 | (gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .692 | |
1302 | (xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 348 Q | |
1303 | .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 | |
1304 | (set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e) | |
1305 | .2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 360 S 1.6 | |
1306 | (cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 | |
1307 | (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F | |
1308 | (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 | |
1309 | 372 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 388.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 | |
1310 | 400.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) | |
1311 | 108 417.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E | |
1312 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
1313 | F2 -.3(BA)108 429.6 S(SHPID).3 E F0 .361 | |
1314 | (Expands to the process id of the current)144 441.6 R F2(bash)2.861 E F0 | |
1315 | 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.86 E .36(fers from)-.25 F F2($$)2.86 E | |
1316 | F0 .36(under certain circum-)2.86 F | |
1317 | (stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 453.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 | |
1318 | E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E | |
1319 | F0 1.195(An associati)144 477.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) | |
1320 | .15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ | |
1321 | iases as main-)-.25 F .319(tained by the)144 489.6 R F2(alias)2.819 E F0 | |
1322 | -.2(bu)2.819 G .318(iltin Elements added to this array appear in the al\ | |
1323 | ias list; unsetting array ele-).2 F(ments cause aliases to be remo)144 | |
1324 | 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the alias list.)-2.5 E F2 -.3 | |
1325 | (BA)108 513.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 525.6 R .934 | |
1326 | (ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 | |
1327 | (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F | |
1328 | F2(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 537.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F | |
1329 | .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ | |
1330 | n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 549.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F2(.) | |
1331 | 2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa) | |
1332 | -2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 | |
1333 | (When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 | |
1334 | (cuted, the number of).15 F 1.525(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 | |
1335 | 561.6 R F2 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524 | |
1336 | (he shell sets)-6.524 F F2 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.524 | |
1337 | (only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 573.6 S(tended deb).15 E | |
1338 | (ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E | |
1339 | F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E | |
1340 | (w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 585.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 | |
1341 | 597.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) | |
1342 | -.25 F F2(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F | |
1343 | (The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\ | |
1344 | e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 609.6 R | |
1345 | 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 621.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) | |
1346 | 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 | |
1347 | (cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.3(BA)144 | |
1348 | 633.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.091(.T)C 1.091(he shell sets)-6.091 F F2 -.3 | |
1349 | (BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F 1.091 | |
1350 | (xtended deb)-.15 F 1.09(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the) | |
1351 | 144 645.6 Q F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 | |
1352 | E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S | |
1353 | (SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 669.6 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H | |
1354 | .667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal\ | |
1355 | hash table of commands)-.25 F .147(as maintained by the)144 681.6 R F2 | |
1356 | (hash)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146 | |
1357 | (added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F | |
1358 | (array elements cause commands to be remo)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 | |
1359 | (df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 705.6 S(SH_COMMAND).3 | |
1360 | E F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1361 | 1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 | |
1362 | (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F | |
1363 | (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 | |
1364 | 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E | |
1365 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1366 | %%Page: 10 10 | |
1367 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1368 | BP | |
1369 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1370 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1371 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0 | |
1372 | (The command ar)144 96 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E | |
1373 | -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 108 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 | |
1374 | .034(An array v)144 120 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbe\ | |
1375 | rs in source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.944(ber of)144 | |
1376 | 132 R F1(FUNCN)5.444 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E | |
1377 | /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 2.944 | |
1378 | (is the line number in the source \214le where)5.444 F F1(${FUNCN)144 | |
1379 | 144 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.312 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811 | |
1380 | (alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i-1)A F1(]})A | |
1381 | F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.567 | |
1382 | (function\). The)144 156 R 2.067(corresponding source \214le name is) | |
1383 | 4.567 F F1(${B)4.567 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.067(.U)C | |
1384 | (se)-7.067 E F1(LINENO)4.567 E F0(to)4.567 E | |
1385 | (obtain the current line number)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S | |
1386 | (SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 192 R .006 | |
1387 | (ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .005 | |
1388 | (binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005(conditional com-) | |
1389 | 2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 204 R .007(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507 | |
1390 | (x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 | |
1391 | (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) | |
1392 | -.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 216 R(x)-.15 E | |
1393 | F2(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F | |
1394 | F2(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 | |
1395 | (sion. This)144 228 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E | |
1396 | F1 -.3(BA)108 240 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .889(An array v)144 252 R .889(ar\ | |
1397 | iable whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the ele\ | |
1398 | ments in the)-.25 F F1(FUNCN)144 264 Q(AME)-.2 E F0(array v)2.5 E | |
1399 | (ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .402 | |
1400 | (Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 288 R .401 | |
1401 | (vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.901(wned. The)-.15 F .401(initial v)2.901 F | |
1402 | .401(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 300 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 312 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 | |
1403 | 2.644(Ar)144 324 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 | |
1404 | (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 | |
1405 | (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 | |
1406 | (.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 336 S | |
1407 | (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 | |
1408 | (BA)144 354 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E | |
1409 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 | |
1410 | (BA)144 366 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E | |
1411 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) | |
1412 | 144 378 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15 | |
1413 | (ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 390 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A | |
1414 | F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 402 S | |
1415 | (SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E | |
1416 | F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 414 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1 | |
1417 | (])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(.)A F1 | |
1418 | -.3(BA)108 430.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 | |
1419 | (Expands to a string describing the v)144 442.8 Q | |
1420 | (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 | |
1421 | 459.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 471.6 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 | |
1422 | E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 | |
1423 | (ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F | |
1424 | (ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 483.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 | |
1425 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 | |
1426 | (db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F | |
1427 | 1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 495.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 | |
1428 | E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 512.4 Q F0(The k)144 524.4 Q | |
1429 | .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G | |
1430 | .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t) | |
1431 | .2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 541.2 Q F0 | |
1432 | 1.208(The current command line.)144 553.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 | |
1433 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 | |
1434 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F | |
1435 | 2.848(mands in)144 565.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 | |
1436 | (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 | |
1437 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F | |
1438 | F0(belo)144 577.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 594 Q F0 .667 | |
1439 | (The inde)144 606 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 | |
1440 | (he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 | |
1441 | (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 | |
1442 | F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 | |
1443 | (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 | |
1444 | 618 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 | |
1445 | (${#COMP_LINE})144 630 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 | |
1446 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 | |
1447 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 | |
1448 | F(in)144 642 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G | |
1449 | (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E | |
1450 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 | |
1451 | 658.8 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 670.8 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue \ | |
1452 | corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a complet\ | |
1453 | ion)-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 682.8 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B) | |
1454 | .5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 | |
1455 | 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15 | |
1456 | (ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 694.8 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 | |
1457 | (or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) | |
1458 | -4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 | |
1459 | E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 | |
1460 | F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 706.8 R F2(%)4.053 E | |
1461 | F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F | |
1462 | 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 | |
1463 | (ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 718.8 S 2.928 | |
1464 | (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 | |
1465 | (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 | |
1466 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 | |
1467 | 730.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
1468 | 140.96 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1469 | %%Page: 11 11 | |
1470 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1471 | BP | |
1472 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1473 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1474 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)108 84 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 1.336 | |
1475 | (The set of characters that the)144 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G(adline).18 E | |
1476 | F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 | |
1477 | (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) | |
1478 | 144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 | |
1479 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1480 | 3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G | |
1481 | (ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 120 Q F1(COMP_W)108 136.8 Q(ORDS)-.1 | |
1482 | E F0 .654(An array v)144 148.8 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) | |
1483 | 3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653 | |
1484 | (vidual w)-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.537(line. The) | |
1485 | 144 160.8 R 1.037(line is split into w)3.537 F 1.037(ords as)-.1 F F1 | |
1486 | -.18(re)3.537 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)3.537 G 1.037 | |
1487 | (uld split it, using).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.538 E(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0(as)3.538 | |
1488 | E .832(described abo)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832 | |
1489 | (his v)-5.832 F .832(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 | |
1490 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 | |
1491 | (db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) | |
1492 | 144 184.8 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 | |
1493 | E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(DIRST)108 201.6 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E | |
1494 | F0 2.26(An array v)144 213.6 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 | |
1495 | E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 | |
1496 | (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F | |
1497 | 1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 225.6 R 3.594 | |
1498 | (ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1499 | 3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 | |
1500 | (members of this array v)144 237.6 R 1.432 | |
1501 | (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 | |
1502 | F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 249.6 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E | |
1503 | F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 | |
1504 | -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 | |
1505 | F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 261.6 R | |
1506 | 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F2(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 | |
1507 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 | |
1508 | (ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 273.6 Q F1(EUID)108 | |
1509 | 290.4 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) | |
1510 | -.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 | |
1511 | (nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 | |
1512 | (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 302.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 319.2 Q | |
1513 | (AME)-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 331.2 R .479 | |
1514 | (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) | |
1515 | -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 | |
1516 | (The element with inde)144 343.2 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G | |
1517 | .276(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe) | |
1518 | -.15 G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F | |
1519 | .25(element is)144 355.2 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C | |
1520 | .25(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 | |
1521 | (xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75 | |
1522 | (cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F2(FUNCN)144 367.2 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 | |
1523 | (ha)2.635 E .685 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.885(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.885 G .385 | |
1524 | (ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F2(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) | |
1525 | -.18 E F0 .384(is unset, it loses its special)2.634 F(properties, e)144 | |
1526 | 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) | |
1527 | -2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 396 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 | |
1528 | (An array v)144 408 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ | |
1529 | ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E | |
1530 | .597(ments to)144 420 R F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 | |
1531 | -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 | |
1532 | (ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) | |
1533 | -.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) | |
1534 | 144 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 | |
1535 | (ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 448.8 Q F0 .355 | |
1536 | (The history number)144 460.8 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) | |
1537 | -2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 | |
1538 | (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 | |
1539 | (HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F | |
1540 | (loses its special properties, e)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G | |
1541 | 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 | |
1542 | (HOSTN)108 489.6 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 | |
1543 | (Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 501.6 Q F1 | |
1544 | (HOSTTYPE)108 518.4 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\ | |
1545 | ly describes the type of machine on which)144 530.4 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 | |
1546 | .222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 542.4 R | |
1547 | (def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 559.2 Q F0 | |
1548 | 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ | |
1549 | ecimal number representing the)144 571.2 R .078(current sequential line\ | |
1550 | number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 583.2 R | |
1551 | .078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 595.2 R | |
1552 | .306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If) | |
1553 | 5.307 E F2(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F | |
1554 | (special properties, e)144 607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) | |
1555 | -2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 | |
1556 | 624 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully de\ | |
1557 | scribes the system type on which)144 636 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e) | |
1558 | 3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 648 Q | |
1559 | /F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 | |
1560 | F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 664.8 Q F0 | |
1561 | (The pre)144 676.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E | |
1562 | F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 693.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626 | |
1563 | (The v)144 705.6 R 1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627 | |
1564 | (gument processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G | |
1565 | 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 717.6 S(IL) | |
1566 | .09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
1567 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1568 | %%Page: 12 12 | |
1569 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1570 | BP | |
1571 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1572 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1573 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 96 R | |
1574 | 4.152(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 | |
1575 | F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2 | |
1576 | (bu)4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL) | |
1577 | 4.151 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E | |
1578 | (w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 124.8 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a strin\ | |
1579 | g that describes the operating system on which)144 136.8 R F1(bash)2.83 | |
1580 | E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 148.8 | |
1581 | Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 165.6 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G | |
1582 | (US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 177.6 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
1583 | (Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 | |
1584 | (xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F | |
1585 | (the most-recently-e)144 189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E | |
1586 | (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 | |
1587 | (PPID)108 206.4 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G | |
1588 | 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E | |
1589 | F1(PWD)108 223.2 Q F0(The current w)12.67 E | |
1590 | (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 | |
1591 | (RANDOM)108 240 Q F0 .565 | |
1592 | (Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 252 R .566 | |
1593 | (ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 | |
1594 | (sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 264 | |
1595 | R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) | |
1596 | 4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E | |
1597 | (unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
1598 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) | |
1599 | -2.5 E F1(REPL)108 292.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 | |
1600 | (Set to the line of input read by the)144 304.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad) | |
1601 | .18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E | |
1602 | (guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 321.6 Q F0 .795(Each time \ | |
1603 | this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 | |
1604 | 333.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 345.6 | |
1605 | R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712 | |
1606 | (the v)2.962 F .712 | |
1607 | (alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407 | |
1608 | (of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 357.6 R .408 | |
1609 | (alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 | |
1610 | (is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 369.6 Q -.15 | |
1611 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G | |
1612 | (ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 386.4 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 | |
1613 | 398.4 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763 | |
1614 | (Each w)5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F | |
1615 | .763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 410.4 Q F0 1.173(option to the) | |
1616 | 3.673 F F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F | |
1617 | F2 1.174(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) | |
1618 | 3.424 E 3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 422.4 | |
1619 | R F2(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F4 10 | |
1620 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 | |
1621 | 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 | |
1622 | (ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 434.4 Q F1(bash) | |
1623 | 3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ | |
1624 | d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 | |
1625 | F(This v)144 446.4 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 | |
1626 | 463.2 Q(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 | |
1627 | 475.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 492 Q F0 | |
1628 | (Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G | |
1629 | (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 | |
1630 | E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 508.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 | |
1631 | (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 | |
1632 | (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 | |
1633 | (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 520.8 | |
1634 | Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 537.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 | |
1635 | (If this parameter is set when)144 549.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) | |
1636 | 3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 | |
1637 | (alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 | |
1638 | (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 561.6 R F4 | |
1639 | (~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 | |
1640 | (alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) | |
1641 | 2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 573.6 R .525 | |
1642 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 | |
1643 | (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 585.6 Q | |
1644 | F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 | |
1645 | (is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1(CDP)108 | |
1646 | 597.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 | |
1647 | 609.6 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 | |
1648 | (is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 | |
1649 | (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 621.6 R | |
1650 | F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 | |
1651 | (alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 633.6 Q F0(.)A F1 | |
1652 | (COLUMNS)108 645.6 Q F0 .425(Used by the)144 657.6 R F1(select)2.925 E | |
1653 | F0 -.2(bu)2.925 G .425(iltin command to determine the terminal width wh\ | |
1654 | en printing selection lists.).2 F | |
1655 | (Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 669.6 Q F1(COMPREPL) | |
1656 | 108 681.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847(An array v)144 693.6 R .848 | |
1657 | (ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 | |
1658 | (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F | |
1659 | (in)144 705.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G | |
1660 | (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E | |
1661 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
1662 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1663 | %%Page: 13 13 | |
1664 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1665 | BP | |
1666 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1667 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1668 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EMA)108 84 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 96 Q F1 | |
1669 | (bash)2.536 E F0 .036(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 | |
1670 | F .036(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E/F2 10 | |
1671 | /Courier@0 SF(t)2.535 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035 | |
1672 | (ssumes that the)-2.535 F(shell is running in an emacs shell b)144 108 Q | |
1673 | (uf)-.2 E(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(FCEDIT)108 120 Q F0 | |
1674 | (The def)144 132 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
1675 | (iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 144 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 156 S .098 | |
1676 | (olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 | |
1677 | (es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 | |
1678 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 168 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F | |
1679 | .205(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205 | |
1680 | (\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 | |
1681 | (is e)2.455 F .204(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) | |
1682 | 144 180 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.) | |
1683 | A F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 192 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 204 S .618(olon-separated lis\ | |
1684 | t of patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathna\ | |
1685 | me e)-3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 216 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G | |
1686 | .632(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 | |
1687 | (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 | |
1688 | (GLOBIGNORE)144 228 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E | |
1689 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 | |
1690 | (HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 252 S .153 | |
1691 | (olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F | |
1692 | 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 | |
1693 | G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) | |
1694 | 5.153 F .491(of v)144 264 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 | |
1695 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 | |
1696 | (ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 | |
1697 | (character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 | |
1698 | G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 276 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 | |
1699 | (alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 | |
1700 | (causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 | |
1701 | (vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 | |
1702 | (Av)144 288 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 | |
1703 | .459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) | |
1704 | 2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 | |
1705 | (lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 | |
1706 | (all pre)144 300 R .698 | |
1707 | (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
1708 | 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F | |
1709 | (sa)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.297(d. An).15 F 4.297(yv)-.15 G 1.797 | |
1710 | (alue not in the abo)-4.547 F 2.097 -.15(ve l)-.15 H 1.797 | |
1711 | (ist is ignored.).15 F(If)6.797 E F1(HISTCONTR)4.297 E(OL)-.3 E F0 1.797 | |
1712 | (is unset, or does not)4.297 F .612(include a v)144 324 R .612(alid v) | |
1713 | -.25 F .612(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F -.15 | |
1714 | (ve)-.2 G 3.112(do).15 G 3.112(nt)-3.112 G .612 | |
1715 | (he history list, subject to the)-3.112 F -.25(va)144 336 S .986(lue of) | |
1716 | .25 F F1(HISTIGNORE)3.486 E F0 5.986(.T)C .986 | |
1717 | (he second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command)-5.986 | |
1718 | F(are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 | |
1719 | G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.3 E F0(.) | |
1720 | A F1(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F0 .181 | |
1721 | (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 | |
1722 | (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) | |
1723 | -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) | |
1724 | -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 | |
1725 | (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 | |
1726 | (dw).15 G(hen an interacti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell e).15 E | |
1727 | (xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 1.623 | |
1728 | (The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 408 R | |
1729 | 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 | |
1730 | 420 S .305(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F | |
1731 | 2.805(,b)-.65 G 2.805(yr)-2.805 G(emo)-2.805 E .305 | |
1732 | (ving the oldest entries, to contain no more)-.15 F .602 | |
1733 | (than that number of lines.)144 432 R .602(The def)5.602 F .602(ault v) | |
1734 | -.1 F .602(alue is 500.)-.25 F .601 | |
1735 | (The history \214le is also truncated to this size)5.602 F | |
1736 | (after writing it when an interacti)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
1737 | (hell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 456 Q F0 2.657(Ac)144 468 S | |
1738 | .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines\ | |
1739 | should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G 2.658(nt)-2.658 G | |
1740 | .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 480 R .708 | |
1741 | (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 | |
1742 | (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 | |
1743 | (\(no implicit `)144 492 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 | |
1744 | (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 | |
1745 | (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F1(HISTCONTR)144 | |
1746 | 504 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 1.155(are applied.)3.655 F 1.154 | |
1747 | (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.154 F | |
1748 | F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 516 R 2.514(vious history line.) | |
1749 | -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 | |
1750 | (ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 528 | |
1751 | Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F | |
1752 | .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F | |
1753 | (command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 540 Q -.05 | |
1754 | (ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0 | |
1755 | (.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 552 Q F0 1.942 | |
1756 | (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 564 | |
1757 | R F3(HIST)4.443 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.193 E 4.443(w\). The) | |
1758 | -.25 F(def)144 576 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFORMA) | |
1759 | 108 588 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 600 R .952 | |
1760 | (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 | |
1761 | (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 | |
1762 | (\(3\) to print the)B .672 | |
1763 | (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 612 | |
1764 | R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) | |
1765 | 3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 | |
1766 | (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 624 R | |
1767 | 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 | |
1768 | (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ | |
1769 | character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 636 Q | |
1770 | F1(HOME)108 648 Q F0 1.27 | |
1771 | (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 660 R 1.27(ault ar) | |
1772 | -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 | |
1773 | (iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 672 S(lue of this v).25 E | |
1774 | (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
1775 | (HOSTFILE)108 684 Q F0 1.015 | |
1776 | (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 696 R F5 | |
1777 | (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F | |
1778 | .55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 708 R .551 | |
1779 | (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F | |
1780 | 1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 720 R 1.059 | |
1781 | (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 | |
1782 | (alue is changed,)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E | |
1783 | (13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1784 | %%Page: 14 14 | |
1785 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1786 | BP | |
1787 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1788 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1789 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)144 84 Q F0 .715 | |
1790 | (adds the contents of the ne)3.215 F 3.215<778c>-.25 G .715(le to the e) | |
1791 | -3.215 F .715(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.716 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
1792 | (HOSTFILE)3.216 E F0 .716(is set, b)2.966 F .716(ut has no v)-.2 F | |
1793 | (alue,)-.25 E F1(bash)144 96 Q F0 2.236(attempts to read)4.736 F/F3 10 | |
1794 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)6.401 E F0 2.235 | |
1795 | (to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.)6.401 F(When)7.235 | |
1796 | E F2(HOSTFILE)144 108 Q F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 | |
1797 | E F1(IFS)108 120 Q F0(The)20.44 E F3 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 | |
1798 | (ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 | |
1799 | (ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 | |
1800 | F -.1(wo)144 132 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 | |
1801 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E | |
1802 | (`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 144 Q | |
1803 | F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 156 R .803 -.15(ve s) | |
1804 | -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 | |
1805 | (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) | |
1806 | 144 168 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 | |
1807 | (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 | |
1808 | (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 | |
1809 | (on an input line before)144 180 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G | |
1810 | 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 | |
1811 | (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 | |
1812 | (umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 192 Q(alue, the def) | |
1813 | -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E | |
1814 | F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 | |
1815 | (INPUTRC)108 204 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 216 R F1 -.18(re) | |
1816 | 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
1817 | 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) | |
1818 | -.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F2(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 228 Q(w\).)-.25 | |
1819 | E F1(LANG)108 240 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F | |
1820 | 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 | |
1821 | (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
1822 | (starting with)144 252 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 264 Q F0 .764 | |
1823 | (This v)144 276 R .764(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .764 | |
1824 | (rrides the v).15 F .764(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.264 E F0 .764(and an) | |
1825 | 3.264 F 3.264(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.264 E F1(LC_)3.264 E F0 -.25(va)3.264 G | |
1826 | .764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1 | |
1827 | (LC_COLLA)108 300 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 312 R .412(ariable det\ | |
1828 | ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) | |
1829 | -.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 324 R 1.464 | |
1830 | (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
1831 | 1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 | |
1832 | 336 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 348 Q F0 | |
1833 | 1.936(This v)144 360 R 1.936 | |
1834 | (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F | |
1835 | 1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 372 Q | |
1836 | (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 384 Q(GES)-.55 E | |
1837 | F0(This v)144 396 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ | |
1838 | ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) | |
1839 | 108 408 Q F0(This v)144 420 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E | |
1840 | (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 432 Q F0 1.218 | |
1841 | (Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\ | |
1842 | mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F | |
1843 | (Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 444 Q F1(MAIL)108 456 | |
1844 | Q F0 .188(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F2 | |
1845 | (MAILP)2.687 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187 | |
1846 | (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687 | |
1847 | F(of the arri)144 468 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G | |
1848 | (ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 480 Q F0 .098 | |
1849 | (Speci\214es ho)144 492 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) | |
1850 | -2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) | |
1851 | 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 | |
1852 | (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ | |
1853 | mpt.)144 504 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066 | |
1854 | (or set to a v)144 516 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\ | |
1855 | equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 | |
1856 | 528 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 540 S .314 | |
1857 | (olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314 | |
1858 | (ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F | |
1859 | (arri)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ | |
1860 | ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ | |
1861 | essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 564 R .308(used in the te) | |
1862 | 2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G | |
1863 | .308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E | |
1864 | (ple:)144 576 Q F1(MAILP)144 588 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A | |
1865 | (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H | |
1866 | (ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 600 Q F0 .388 | |
1867 | (supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F | |
1868 | .388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 | |
1869 | (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F | |
1870 | (system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 612 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 | |
1871 | (\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 624 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 636 R .39(alue 1,) | |
1872 | -.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) | |
1873 | 2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 | |
1874 | F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 648 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 | |
1875 | (belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 | |
1876 | (is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
1877 | (ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 660 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) | |
1878 | .15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 672 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 | |
1879 | (The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587 | |
1880 | (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) | |
1881 | 5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) | |
1882 | 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 | |
1883 | (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 696 S | |
1884 | .345(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.845 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .345 | |
1885 | (indicates the current directory)2.845 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .344 | |
1886 | (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.844(oa)-.1 G(djacent) | |
1887 | -2.844 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868 | |
1888 | (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) | |
1889 | -.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 720 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 | |
1890 | 31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0) | |
1891 | 72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
1892 | %%Page: 15 15 | |
1893 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1894 | BP | |
1895 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1896 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
1897 | -.35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF | |
1898 | (/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 84 Q F0(.)A/F2 | |
1899 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v) | |
1900 | 144 108 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2 | |
1901 | (bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F3 10 | |
1902 | /Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 | |
1903 | F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E | |
1904 | F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F | |
1905 | .011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 132 Q F2(bash) | |
1906 | 2.5 E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5 | |
1907 | (ft)-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F1(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E | |
1908 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 144 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 | |
1909 | (If set, the v)144 156 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1910 | (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F2(PR) | |
1911 | 108 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 | |
1912 | (If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 180 R .676 | |
1913 | (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .34 | |
1914 | (nents to retain when e)144 192 R .34(xpanding the)-.15 F F2 .339 | |
1915 | (\\w and \\W pr)2.84 F .339(ompt string escapes \(see)-.18 F/F4 9 | |
1916 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.839 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.589 E(w\).)-.25 E | |
1917 | (Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G | |
1918 | (re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F2(PS1)108 216 Q F0 .064(The v) | |
1919 | 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 | |
1920 | F F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 | |
1921 | (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 228 R | |
1922 | (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 | |
1923 | -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 240 Q F0 .005(The v)19.33 F .005 | |
1924 | (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) | |
1925 | 2.505 E F0 .004(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The) | |
1926 | 5.004 E(def)144 252 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G | |
1927 | (.).74 E F2(PS3)108 264 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115 | |
1928 | (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2(select) | |
1929 | 3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) | |
1930 | 144 276 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 288 Q F0 | |
1931 | 1.099(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099 | |
1932 | (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.098 | |
1933 | (alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 300 Q F2(bash)3.725 E | |
1934 | F0 1.225(displays during an e)3.725 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.225 | |
1935 | (cution trace.).15 F 1.226(The \214rst character of)6.225 F F4(PS4)3.726 | |
1936 | E F0 1.226(is replicated multiple)3.476 F(times, as necessary)144 312 Q | |
1937 | 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1938 | (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(+)A F0 | |
1939 | -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(SHELL)108 324 Q F0 .664 | |
1940 | (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 336 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F | |
1941 | .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 | |
1942 | (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 348 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
1943 | (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 | |
1944 | G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 360 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 | |
1945 | 372 R .826 | |
1946 | (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F | |
1947 | 3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 | |
1948 | (pipelines pre\214x)144 384 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.149 E F0 | |
1949 | (reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F | |
1950 | (The)5.648 E F2(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 | |
1951 | (an escape sequence that is e)144 396 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F | |
1952 | .712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F | |
1953 | (and their meanings are as follo)144 408 Q | |
1954 | (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F2(%%)144 426 Q F0 2.5 | |
1955 | (Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%[)144 438 Q F3(p)A F2 | |
1956 | (][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F2(%[)144 450 Q F3(p)A | |
1957 | F2(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F2 | |
1958 | (%[)144 462 Q F3(p)A F2(][l]S)A F0 | |
1959 | (The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F2(%P)144 474 Q | |
1960 | F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 | |
1961 | (The optional)144 490.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) | |
1962 | 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 | |
1963 | (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) | |
1964 | 144 502.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 | |
1965 | (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 | |
1966 | (At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 | |
1967 | (decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 514.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 | |
1968 | (p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E | |
1969 | F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 526.8 Q | |
1970 | (alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 543.6 R F2(l)3.167 E F0 | |
1971 | .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F | |
1972 | F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) | |
1973 | 3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 555.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 | |
1974 | (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001 | |
1975 | (If this v)144 572.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)2.501 E | |
1976 | F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.5 E | |
1977 | (eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144 | |
1978 | 584.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F | |
1979 | 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 | |
1980 | (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 | |
1981 | 596.4 Q F2(TMOUT)108 613.2 Q F0 .718(If set to a v)144 625.2 R .717 | |
1982 | (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.217 E F0 .717 | |
1983 | (is treated as the def)3.217 F .717(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18 | |
1984 | (re)3.217 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.217 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 637.2 Q F2 | |
1985 | (select)2.542 E F0 .042(command terminates if input does not arri)2.542 | |
1986 | F .342 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.542 E F0 .042 | |
1987 | (seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 649.2 | |
1988 | R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) | |
1989 | .15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 | |
1990 | (wa)144 661.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F | |
1991 | F2(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 | |
1992 | (aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 | |
1993 | 673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 690 Q F0 .274(If set,)144 | |
1994 | 702 R F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 | |
1995 | (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 | |
1996 | (creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 714 Q 2.5(su)-.55 | |
1997 | G(se.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(15)190.95 E | |
1998 | 0 Cg EP | |
1999 | %%Page: 16 16 | |
2000 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2001 | BP | |
2002 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2003 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2004 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(auto_r)108 84 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v) | |
2005 | 144 96 R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 | |
2006 | (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 | |
2007 | (If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 108 R | |
2008 | .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ | |
2009 | for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .366(isting stopped job) | |
2010 | .15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 | |
2011 | (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F | |
2012 | 1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 | |
2013 | 132 R(The)6.125 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 | |
2014 | (of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 144 Q 1.132 | |
2015 | (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) | |
2016 | 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 | |
2017 | (he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 | |
2018 | (match the name of a stopped job e)144 156 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 | |
2019 | F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 | |
2020 | (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 | |
2021 | (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 168 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) | |
2022 | -5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 | |
2023 | (vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 180 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 | |
2024 | .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) | |
2025 | 3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) | |
2026 | 3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833 | |
2027 | (alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 | |
2028 | (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 192 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 | |
2029 | (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F | |
2030 | F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E | |
2031 | F1(histchars)108 220.8 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 232.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 | |
2032 | (rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 | |
2033 | (xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) | |
2034 | -.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 244.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 | |
2035 | (w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216 | |
2036 | (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G | |
2037 | 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) | |
2038 | 144 256.8 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B | |
2039 | .798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G | |
2040 | (ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 268.8 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G | |
2041 | .239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 | |
2042 | (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 | |
2043 | (ing one string for another in the command.)144 280.8 R .575(The def) | |
2044 | 5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 | |
2045 | (optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ | |
2046 | that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ | |
2047 | char)144 292.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 304.8 R 1.294 | |
2048 | (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 | |
2049 | (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F | |
2050 | .379(skipped for the remaining w)144 316.8 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 | |
2051 | F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F | |
2052 | (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 328.8 Q F1(Arrays)87 345.6 Q | |
2053 | (Bash)108 357.6 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F | |
2054 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15 | |
2055 | (ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G | |
2056 | .89(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2057 | 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 | |
2058 | (bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 | |
2059 | F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F | |
2060 | .329(an array)108 381.6 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) | |
2061 | -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2062 | 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F | |
2063 | 5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 | |
2064 | (rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 393.6 R | |
2065 | 1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F | |
2066 | 1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387 | |
2067 | (rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 405.6 | |
2068 | Q 2.463(An inde)108 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463 | |
2069 | (rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462 | |
2070 | (ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A | |
2071 | F2(sub-)A(script)108 434.4 Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 5.682(.T)C(he)-5.682 | |
2072 | E F2(subscript)3.522 E F0 .682(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.862 F | |
2073 | .682(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .682 | |
2074 | (luate to a number greater).25 F .75(than or equal to zero.)108 446.4 R | |
2075 | 2.349 -.8(To e)5.749 H .749(xplicitly declare an inde).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2076 | G 3.249(da).15 G(rray)-3.249 E 3.249(,u)-.65 G(se)-3.249 E F1(declar) | |
2077 | 3.249 E 3.249<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.249 E F2(name)3.249 E F0(\(see)3.249 E F3 | |
2078 | .749(SHELL B)3.249 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)108 458.4 Q F0 | |
2079 | (belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name) | |
2080 | 2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2 | |
2081 | (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 475.2 Q .3 -.15 | |
2082 | (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 | |
2083 | G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 492 Q .94 | |
2084 | (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) | |
2085 | -.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G | |
2086 | (adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E | |
2087 | (ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 504 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 | |
2088 | (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 520.8 | |
2089 | R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 | |
2090 | (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) | |
2091 | -4.147 F F2(value)108 532.8 Q F0 .122(is of the form [)2.622 F F2 | |
2092 | (subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.122(.I)C(nde)-5.122 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2093 | G 2.622(da).15 G .122(rray assignments do not require the brack)-2.622 F | |
2094 | .122(et and subscript.)-.1 F .164(When assigning to inde)108 544.8 R | |
2095 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F | |
2096 | .163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G | |
2097 | 2.663(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 556.8 | |
2098 | R 3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41 | |
2099 | (he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411 | |
2100 | (ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 568.8 Q | |
2101 | (xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 585.6 Q | |
2102 | .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) | |
2103 | -2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 602.4 R F1(declar) | |
2104 | 2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 | |
2105 | (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 | |
2106 | 614.4 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 | |
2107 | (syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 631.2 Q 3.575 | |
2108 | (ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F | |
2109 | F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 | |
2110 | (braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 | |
2111 | (con\215icts with pathname e)108 643.2 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 | |
2112 | (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E | |
2113 | F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 | |
2114 | (xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 | |
2115 | (These subscripts dif)108 655.2 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 | |
2116 | (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 | |
2117 | (ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 667.2 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B | |
2118 | .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 | |
2119 | (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F | |
2120 | 1.374(of the)108 679.2 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 | |
2121 | (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 | |
2122 | (xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) | |
2123 | 3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 | |
2124 | 691.2 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F | |
2125 | 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 | |
2126 | (within a w)108 703.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 | |
2127 | (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 | |
2128 | (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 | |
2129 | 715.2 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ | |
2130 | t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 | |
2131 | F .227(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 | |
2132 | F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 | |
2133 | (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 | |
2134 | (\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
2135 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2136 | %%Page: 17 17 | |
2137 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2138 | BP | |
2139 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2140 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2141 | -.35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10 | |
2142 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1 | |
2143 | (subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or) | |
2144 | 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 | |
2145 | (xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 96 R | |
2146 | 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 | |
2147 | (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 | |
2148 | (lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 108 Q | |
2149 | (The)108 124.8 Q F2(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267 | |
2150 | (iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset) | |
2151 | 5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 | |
2152 | E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E | |
2153 | (script)108 136.8 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38 | |
2154 | (en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F | |
2155 | 1.38(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F2(unset)6.38 E F1 | |
2156 | (name)3.88 E F0(,)A(where)108 148.8 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E | |
2157 | 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript) | |
2158 | A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 | |
2159 | (@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G | |
2160 | (he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 165.6 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e) | |
2161 | -.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re) | |
2162 | 3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F | |
2163 | F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2164 | G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .751 | |
2165 | (option to specify an associati)108 177.6 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) | |
2166 | .15 E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F2 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
2167 | 3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F2<ad61>3.252 E F0 .752 | |
2168 | (option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502 | |
2169 | (from the standard input to an array)108 189.6 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) | |
2170 | -5.502 E F2(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 | |
2171 | (bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F | |
2172 | .502(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 | |
2173 | 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 218.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ | |
2174 | pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w) | |
2175 | 108 230.4 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 | |
2176 | (nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S .37 | |
2177 | (pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E | |
2178 | F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par) | |
2179 | 2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 | |
2180 | .369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 254.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1 | |
2181 | (arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G | |
2182 | (plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) | |
2183 | -.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 271.2 R .471 | |
2184 | (xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471 | |
2185 | (xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471 | |
2186 | (ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E | |
2187 | (and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 283.2 Q | |
2188 | (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E | |
2189 | (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 300 Q | |
2190 | (xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E | |
2191 | (ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 316.8 R 1.487 | |
2192 | (xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 | |
2193 | (xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 | |
2194 | (ex)108 328.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F | |
2195 | 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 | |
2196 | (ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) | |
2197 | -.15 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") | |
2198 | -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G | |
2199 | (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
2200 | SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 | |
2201 | (Brace Expansion)87 357.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 369.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F | |
2202 | (xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 | |
2203 | (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F | |
2204 | .606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 381.6 Q F1 .415 | |
2205 | (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 | |
2206 | (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F | |
2207 | .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G | |
2208 | (he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 393.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) | |
2209 | -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 | |
2210 | (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 | |
2211 | F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 405.6 R | |
2212 | .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G | |
2213 | .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 | |
2214 | (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ | |
2215 | ch resulting string, e)108 417.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) | |
2216 | 108 429.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 446.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 | |
2217 | F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 | |
2218 | (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) | |
2219 | 108 458.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 | |
2220 | (d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) | |
2221 | 108 475.2 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 | |
2222 | (es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A | |
2223 | F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) | |
2224 | 3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) | |
2225 | -.15 F(and)108 487.2 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G | |
2226 | .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G | |
2227 | .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 | |
2228 | (xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 | |
2229 | 499.2 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) | |
2230 | -2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 | |
2231 | (gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 | |
2232 | (to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 | |
2233 | (same width.)108 511.2 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) | |
2234 | 2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ | |
2235 | empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 | |
2236 | (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 523.2 R | |
2237 | 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F | |
2238 | (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 535.2 S .541(pands to each character le) | |
2239 | .15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 | |
2240 | (y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G | |
2241 | .542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 | |
2242 | .542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 547.2 R .182 | |
2243 | (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182 | |
2244 | (ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E | |
2245 | (increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 559.2 Q .581(Brace e)108 576 R | |
2246 | .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) | |
2247 | -3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 | |
2248 | (haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 | |
2249 | (are preserv)108 588 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 | |
2250 | (It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 | |
2251 | (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 | |
2252 | (yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 600 Q(xt of the e) | |
2253 | -.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac) | |
2254 | 108 616.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \ | |
2255 | contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F | |
2256 | 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 628.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F | |
2257 | 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 | |
2258 | (ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 | |
2259 | (unchanged. A)108 640.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 | |
2260 | .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 | |
2261 | (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 | |
2262 | (sion. T)108 652.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 | |
2263 | (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F | |
2264 | F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F | |
2265 | (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 664.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ | |
2266 | as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) | |
2267 | 108 681.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H | |
2268 | (ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 710.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 | |
2269 | G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
2270 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2271 | %%Page: 18 18 | |
2272 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2273 | BP | |
2274 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2275 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2276 | -.35 E(cho)144 84 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E | |
2277 | (x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 100.8 R .618 | |
2278 | (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F | |
2279 | .618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) | |
2280 | 5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 | |
2281 | (ing or closing braces specially when the)108 112.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G | |
2282 | .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 | |
2283 | (es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 124.8 Q -.15 | |
2284 | (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 | |
2285 | (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 | |
2286 | (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) | |
2287 | 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 136.8 Q F0 | |
2288 | .514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F | |
2289 | .515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 | |
2290 | (after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 | |
2291 | (If strict compatibility with)108 148.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 | |
2292 | (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 | |
2293 | (+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 | |
2294 | (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 160.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 | |
2295 | (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E | |
2296 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) | |
2297 | 87 177.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 189.6 R 1.086(ord be) | |
2298 | -.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 | |
2299 | 1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ | |
2300 | slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ | |
2301 | ed a)108 201.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 | |
2302 | (fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ | |
2303 | \214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 213.6 R | |
2304 | .726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 225.6 Q | |
2305 | .523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 | |
2306 | (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) | |
2307 | -3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 237.6 Q/F4 | |
2308 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 | |
2309 | (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 | |
2310 | (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ | |
2311 | ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ | |
2312 | with the speci\214ed login name.)108 249.6 Q .093 | |
2313 | (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 266.4 R .092 | |
2314 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 | |
2315 | (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) | |
2316 | 5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 278.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 | |
2317 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 | |
2318 | .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) | |
2319 | 5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 | |
2320 | (tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 290.4 R F2(N)4.142 | |
2321 | E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 | |
2322 | (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ | |
2323 | ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 | |
2324 | 302.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
2325 | 108 314.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G | |
2326 | .455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F | |
2327 | .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 | |
2328 | (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F | |
2329 | (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) | |
2330 | 108 326.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G | |
2331 | (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E | |
2332 | (ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 360 R .167 | |
2333 | (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) | |
2334 | -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E | |
2335 | F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E | |
2336 | .282(these cases, tilde e)108 372 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) | |
2337 | -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 | |
2338 | (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 | |
2339 | 384 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 | |
2340 | G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E | |
2341 | F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 | |
2342 | E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 412.8 R | |
2343 | F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F | |
2344 | 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 | |
2345 | (xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 424.8 R | |
2346 | .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 | |
2347 | (ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 | |
2348 | (tect the v)108 436.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 | |
2349 | (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 | |
2350 | (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 | |
2351 | 448.8 Q 1.19 | |
2352 | (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 | |
2353 | 465.6 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 | |
2354 | (ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 | |
2355 | (quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 477.6 R 2.15 | |
2356 | (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S | |
2357 | (pansion.).15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 | |
2358 | (The v)144 518.4 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2359 | 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F | |
2360 | F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 | |
2361 | (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 530.4 R F2(par)4.014 E | |
2362 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 | |
2363 | (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F | |
2364 | (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 542.4 Q 1.509 | |
2365 | (If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2366 | 1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2367 | 4.009(lo).15 G 4.008(fv)-4.009 G 1.508 | |
2368 | (ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.258 F F1(Bash)108 571.2 Q F0 .106 | |
2369 | (uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 | |
2370 | (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2371 | .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 | |
2372 | E .352(able is then e)108 583.2 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 | |
2373 | (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F | |
2374 | .351(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 595.2 Q F0 2.519 | |
2375 | (itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir) | |
2376 | 2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 | |
2377 | F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2 | |
2378 | (pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .02(*} and)B(${)108 607.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0 | |
2379 | ([)A F2(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763 | |
2380 | (he e).65 F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263 | |
2381 | (wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F | |
2382 | (introduce indirection.)108 619.2 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 | |
2383 | 636 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334 | |
2384 | (is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334 | |
2385 | (xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 648 Q | |
2386 | (xpansion.)-.15 E .698(When not performing substring e)108 664.8 R .698 | |
2387 | (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F1 | |
2388 | (bash)3.848 E F0 .697(tests for a parameter)3.198 F | |
2389 | (that is unset or null.)108 676.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ | |
2390 | t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 693.6 Q F2(par)A | |
2391 | (ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .722(Use Default V) | |
2392 | 144 705.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter) | |
2393 | -.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F | |
2394 | F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-) | |
2395 | -.2 E(wise, the v)144 717.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
2396 | F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E | |
2397 | (18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2398 | %%Page: 19 19 | |
2399 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2400 | BP | |
2401 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2402 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2403 | -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 | |
2404 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 | |
2405 | (Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par) | |
2406 | 5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004 | |
2407 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to) | |
2408 | 5.274 F F1(par)144 108 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v) | |
2409 | -5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278 | |
2410 | (is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 | |
2411 | (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F | |
2412 | (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 120 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) | |
2413 | 108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 | |
2414 | .535(Display Err)144 144 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C | |
2415 | (f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 | |
2416 | (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E | |
2417 | (d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 156 R | |
2418 | .661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ | |
2419 | written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F | |
2420 | (interacti)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) | |
2421 | -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2422 | (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 | |
2423 | (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 192 R .745(nate V)-.15 F | |
2424 | (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2425 | .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F | |
2426 | (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 204 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
2427 | (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 | |
2428 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 228 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 | |
2429 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796 | |
2430 | (Substring Expansion.)144 240 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1 | |
2431 | (length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 | |
2432 | E F0 .797(starting at the character)3.296 F .229(speci\214ed by)144 252 | |
2433 | R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E | |
2434 | F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 | |
2435 | (par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .228(starting at the char)2.728 F(-)-.2 E | |
2436 | .432(acter speci\214ed by)144 264 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 | |
2437 | (length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 | |
2438 | (are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
2439 | SF .433(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 276 S(ION).855 | |
2440 | E F0(belo)2.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.327 E F0 .327(must e)2.827 F | |
2441 | -.25(va)-.25 G .326(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 | |
2442 | F(If)5.326 E F1(of)2.826 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.826 G(luates).25 E | |
2443 | .015(to a number less than zero, the v)144 288 R .015 | |
2444 | (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F | |
2445 | .016(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.516 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.016(.I)C(f)-5.016 | |
2446 | E F1(par)144 300 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C | |
2447 | .75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 | |
2448 | (positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E | |
2449 | (fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 | |
2450 | (is an)3.25 F(inde)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.701(da).15 G .201 | |
2451 | (rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.701 F F1(length) | |
2452 | 2.701 E F0 .202(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.283 | |
2453 | (with ${)144 324 R F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 | |
2454 | 3.783(]}. A)B(ne)3.783 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of) | |
2455 | 3.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F 1.582 | |
2456 | -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.282(ne greater than the maximum)-3.782 | |
2457 | F(inde)144 336 Q 3.434(xo)-.15 G 3.434(ft)-3.434 G .934 | |
2458 | (he speci\214ed array)-3.434 F 5.934(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.934 F | |
2459 | .935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.235 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .935 | |
2460 | (rray produces unde-).15 F .262(\214ned results.)144 348 R .261 | |
2461 | (Note that a ne)5.262 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H | |
2462 | -.25(ff).15 G .261 | |
2463 | (set must be separated from the colon by at least one space to).25 F -.2 | |
2464 | (avo)144 360 S .154(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 | |
2465 | (xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .155 | |
2466 | (xing is zero-based unless the positional)-.15 F .532 | |
2467 | (parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 372 R .532 | |
2468 | (xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 3.032(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)3.032 E(fset) | |
2469 | -.18 E F0 .532(is 0, and the posi-)3.032 F(tional parameters are used,) | |
2470 | 144 384 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 | |
2471 | 400.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 412.8 Q F2(!)A | |
2472 | F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 424.8 | |
2473 | R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.084 F .084 | |
2474 | (ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E | |
2475 | (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 | |
2476 | (rated by the \214rst character of the)144 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 | |
2477 | .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 | |
2478 | (is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F | |
2479 | (within double quotes, each v)144 448.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E | |
2480 | (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 465.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) | |
2481 | A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 477.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 | |
2482 | (]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 489.6 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 | |
2483 | (name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F | |
2484 | 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)) | |
2485 | .15 E .596(assigned in)144 501.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f) | |
2486 | -5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G | |
2487 | .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 | |
2488 | (is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 513.6 Q F0 | |
2489 | (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) | |
2490 | -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 | |
2491 | 530.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 542.4 S .47 | |
2492 | (rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.47 F | |
2493 | .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 | |
2494 | (is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 | |
2495 | 554.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 | |
2496 | (,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 | |
2497 | (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) | |
2498 | 6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F | |
2499 | (array name subscripted by)144 566.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E | |
2500 | F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E | |
2501 | (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E | |
2502 | (${)108 583.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A | |
2503 | (${)108 595.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A | |
2504 | F2(Remo)144 607.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 | |
2505 | (e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E | |
2506 | F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 | |
2507 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 | |
2508 | 619.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 | |
2509 | F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E | |
2510 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 | |
2511 | (the e)144 631.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 | |
2512 | (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 | |
2513 | (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 | |
2514 | -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 643.2 | |
2515 | R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) | |
2516 | 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) | |
2517 | 2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 | |
2518 | 655.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 | |
2519 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) | |
2520 | -3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 667.2 R | |
2521 | (If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F | |
2522 | .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) | |
2523 | 2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 | |
2524 | (lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E | |
2525 | (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 679.2 Q | |
2526 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 696 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
2527 | -.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
2528 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2529 | %%Page: 20 20 | |
2530 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2531 | BP | |
2532 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2533 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2534 | -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 | |
2535 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 96 Q .346 -.1 | |
2536 | (ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.146 E | |
2537 | F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 | |
2538 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 108 | |
2539 | S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 | |
2540 | (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) | |
2541 | -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 | |
2542 | G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 120 R .226 | |
2543 | (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
2544 | (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 | |
2545 | (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 132 S F2 | |
2546 | (%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 | |
2547 | (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 | |
2548 | 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E | |
2549 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 | |
2550 | 2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 144 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 | |
2551 | (lo).25 G .441 | |
2552 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) | |
2553 | -2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 156 R(If) | |
2554 | 5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 | |
2555 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E | |
2556 | F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G | |
2557 | (per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E | |
2558 | (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 168 | |
2559 | Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
2560 | -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 196.8 | |
2561 | S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.606 E F0(The)6.106 E F1 | |
2562 | (pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 | |
2563 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
2564 | (sion.)144 208.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 | |
2565 | (is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) | |
2566 | 3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 | |
2567 | (alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 220.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 | |
2568 | E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 | |
2569 | 2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 | |
2570 | (are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 | |
2571 | (ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 232.8 R | |
2572 | (If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) | |
2573 | 3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 | |
2574 | F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .62 | |
2575 | (lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 | |
2576 | (pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 | |
2577 | (,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 | |
2578 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 256.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E | |
2579 | F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) | |
2580 | 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) | |
2581 | 3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) | |
2582 | 3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 268.8 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2583 | (is)3.408 E F2(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 | |
2584 | (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) | |
2585 | -2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 280.8 R .619 | |
2586 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E | |
2587 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 | |
2588 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 292.8 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) | |
2589 | 3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ | |
2590 | member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
2591 | (sion is the resultant list.)144 304.8 Q(${)108 321.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
2592 | -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E | |
2593 | F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 345.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A | |
2594 | F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 | |
2595 | (pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation.)144 369.6 R F0 .438 | |
2596 | (This e)5.438 F .437 | |
2597 | (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) | |
2598 | 2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 381.6 Q | |
2599 | F0 .813(is e)3.313 F .813 | |
2600 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.314 | |
2601 | (xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.314 E F0 .814(operator con)3.314 F -.15(ve) | |
2602 | -.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 393.6 Q .181(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 | |
2603 | (pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 .181 | |
2604 | (operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18(rts matching uppercase letters) | |
2605 | .15 F .085(to lo)144 405.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 | |
2606 | (and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F | |
2607 | -.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 | |
2608 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 417.6 Q | |
2609 | F2(,)3.435 E F0 -.15(ex)3.435 G .935(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 | |
2610 | (ve)-.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .934 | |
2611 | (xpanded v)-.15 F 3.434(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.434 E F0(is)3.434 | |
2612 | E 1.12(omitted, it is treated lik)144 429.6 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 | |
2613 | 3.62(,w)C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) | |
2614 | .15 F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) | |
2615 | 4.351 E F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121 | |
2616 | (he case)-3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each pos\ | |
2617 | itional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) | |
2618 | -.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E | |
2619 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 | |
2620 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E | |
2621 | F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F | |
2622 | (operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 | |
2623 | 465.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution) | |
2624 | 87 482.4 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E | |
2625 | 1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F | |
2626 | 1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 528 Q | |
2627 | F1(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 540 Q F2<92>144 552 Q F1(command)A | |
2628 | F2<92>A(Bash)108 568.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 | |
2629 | (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 | |
2630 | .02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 | |
2631 | (dard output of the command, with an)108 580.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 | |
2632 | (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 | |
2633 | F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 592.8 Q 3.218 | |
2634 | (ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 | |
2635 | (uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 | |
2636 | (The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 | |
2637 | (\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 604.8 Q -.25(va) | |
2638 | -.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E | |
2639 | F2(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ | |
2640 | is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 621.6 R(xcept)-.15 | |
2641 | E .314(when follo)108 633.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 | |
2642 | <92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ | |
2643 | e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ | |
2644 | sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 645.6 R 1.387(using the $\() | |
2645 | 3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 | |
2646 | (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G | |
2647 | 3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F | |
2648 | (mand; none are treated specially)108 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 | |
2649 | (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 674.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H | |
2650 | .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F | |
2651 | (quotes with backslashes.)108 686.4 Q .422 | |
2652 | (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 703.2 R .422 | |
2653 | (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 | |
2654 | F(on the results.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
2655 | 140.96 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2656 | %%Page: 21 21 | |
2657 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2658 | BP | |
2659 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2660 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2661 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034 | |
2662 | (Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F | |
2663 | -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 | |
2664 | (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F | |
2665 | (The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 | |
2666 | 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A | |
2667 | F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 | |
2668 | (is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 | |
2669 | (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 | |
2670 | (treated specially)108 153.6 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F | |
2671 | 1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 | |
2672 | (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075 | |
2673 | (xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 165.6 Q -.25 | |
2674 | (va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
2675 | (pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 182.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G | |
2676 | 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F | |
2677 | 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) | |
2678 | 3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) | |
2679 | A F0(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 194.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) | |
2680 | 2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
2681 | (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) | |
2682 | -.1 E F1(Pr)87 211.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 223.2 Q .97 | |
2683 | (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 | |
2684 | (is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A | |
2685 | F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E | |
2686 | F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 235.2 R .021 | |
2687 | (It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1 | |
2688 | (\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021 | |
2689 | (.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 | |
2690 | (is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 247.2 | |
2691 | R F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) | |
2692 | -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) | |
2693 | -5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 | |
2694 | (mand as the result of the e)108 259.2 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) | |
2695 | 2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 | |
2696 | (form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) | |
2697 | -.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 271.2 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A | |
2698 | F1(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E | |
2699 | (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 | |
2700 | (.)A .896(When a)108 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ | |
2701 | ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 | |
2702 | (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E | |
2703 | (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
2704 | -.75(Wo)87 316.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 | |
2705 | (The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 328.8 R 1.142 | |
2706 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 | |
2707 | (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 340.8 Q | |
2708 | F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 | |
2709 | (The shell treats each character of)108 357.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 | |
2710 | (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 | |
2711 | (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) | |
2712 | -.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 369.6 R(If)6.789 E F3 | |
2713 | (IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F | |
2714 | (xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 | |
2715 | (he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 381.6 R F1 | |
2716 | (<space>)2.521 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 | |
2717 | (<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 | |
2718 | (ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F | |
2719 | (xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 393.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G | |
2720 | .586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 | |
2721 | (characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 | |
2722 | (es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 405.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 | |
2723 | 1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 | |
2724 | (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 | |
2725 | E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) | |
2726 | 108 417.6 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 | |
2727 | (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 | |
2728 | (alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 429.6 Q F0 | |
2729 | 1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 | |
2730 | (haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 | |
2731 | (IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G | |
2732 | (djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 | |
2733 | (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 441.6 R 2.832(As)5.332 G | |
2734 | .332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 | |
2735 | (whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 | |
2736 | 453.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E | |
2737 | F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 | |
2738 | (Explicit null ar)108 470.4 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G | |
2739 | F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) | |
2740 | -4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 | |
2741 | (guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .177 | |
2742 | (pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G | |
2743 | .177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) | |
2744 | 2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 | |
2745 | (xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 494.4 Q | |
2746 | (gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 511.2 Q | |
2747 | (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 528 S | |
2748 | (thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 540 R .37 | |
2749 | (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 | |
2750 | (option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F | |
2751 | .371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 | |
2752 | 2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 | |
2753 | (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 552 R .677 | |
2754 | (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E | |
2755 | F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 | |
2756 | (cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 564 R 1.457 | |
2757 | (If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F(option)108 | |
2758 | 576 Q F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.538 F .038 | |
2759 | (ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 | |
2760 | .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .305(found, the w)108 588 | |
2761 | R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 | |
2762 | (failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 | |
2763 | (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F | |
2764 | .929(is printed and the command is not e)108 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 | |
2765 | (cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0 | |
2766 | .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 | |
2767 | (formed without re)108 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 | |
2768 | (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 | |
2769 | (When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 | |
2770 | (the character)108 624 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 | |
2771 | .105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 | |
2772 | (wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G | |
2773 | (nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 636 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0 | |
2774 | .887(is set.)3.387 F .888 | |
2775 | (When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) | |
2776 | -.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 648 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166(.I) | |
2777 | -.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F1 -.63(``)3.666 | |
2778 | G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166(character is not treated specially) | |
2779 | 6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165(ee the description of)-6.165 F F1(shopt) | |
2780 | 3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 660 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F | |
2781 | (UIL)-.09 E .477(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the) | |
2782 | 2.727 F F1(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1 | |
2783 | (failglob)2.978 E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F1(dotglob)2.978 E F0 | |
2784 | (shell options.)108 672 Q(The)108 688.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131 | |
2785 | (shell v)2.381 F .131 | |
2786 | (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 | |
2787 | F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) | |
2788 | 108 700.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ | |
2789 | s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E | |
2790 | (remo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 | |
2791 | (rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 | |
2792 | (``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) | |
2793 | .63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 | |
2794 | (ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 | |
2795 | (set and not null.)108 724.8 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 | |
2796 | -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 | |
2797 | (to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 | |
2798 | (fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.546 E F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
2799 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2800 | %%Page: 22 22 | |
2801 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2802 | BP | |
2803 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2804 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2805 | -.35 E .614(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 84 R .614 | |
2806 | (ginning with a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 | |
2807 | G(')-.08 E F0 .614(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613 | |
2808 | (et the old beha).8 F .613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be) | |
2809 | 108 96 R .456(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(') | |
2810 | -.08 E F0 2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(') | |
2811 | -.63 E F0 .457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
2812 | (GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob) | |
2813 | 2.957 E F0 .457(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 108 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE) | |
2814 | 2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G | |
2815 | (atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that ap\ | |
2816 | pears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described\ | |
2817 | belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 | |
2818 | 153.6 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab) | |
2819 | 6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the) | |
2820 | -.25 F .576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 165.6 R | |
2821 | .576(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076 | |
2822 | (ya)-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E | |
2823 | (The special pattern characters ha)108 194.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
2824 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 211.2 Q F0 .455 | |
2825 | (Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.) | |
2826 | -2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 | |
2827 | (shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .576 | |
2828 | (used in a \214lename e)144 223.2 R .576(xpansion conte)-.15 F .575 | |
2829 | (xt, tw)-.15 F 3.075(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.075 E F1(*)3.075 E F0 3.075(su) | |
2830 | C .575(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-3.075 F 1.183 | |
2831 | (and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 235.2 R 1.183 | |
2832 | (If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 | |
2833 | -.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.684(sw)C 1.184 | |
2834 | (ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 247.2 Q F1 | |
2835 | (?)108 259.2 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E | |
2836 | (.)-.55 E F1([...])108 271.2 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15 | |
2837 | G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 | |
2838 | (air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F | |
2839 | /F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 283.2 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G | |
2840 | (xpr)-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789 | |
2841 | (haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 | |
2842 | (haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79 | |
2843 | (sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 295.2 R 2.85(sc)-.55 | |
2844 | G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349 | |
2845 | (If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849 | |
2846 | E F0 .563(is a)144 307.2 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063 | |
2847 | E F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 | |
2848 | (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564 | |
2849 | (The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 319.2 S | |
2850 | 1.102(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F | |
2851 | 1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.102(shell v) | |
2852 | 3.602 F(ari-)-.25 E .088(able, if set.)144 331.2 R(A)5.088 E F1<ad>2.588 | |
2853 | E F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last charact\ | |
2854 | er in the set.)2.588 F(A)5.089 E F1(])2.589 E F0 .089(may be)2.589 F | |
2855 | (matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 343.2 | |
2856 | Q -.4(Wi)144 361.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E | |
2857 | F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)2.915 G(ar).15 E .415(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 | |
2858 | (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F4(class)A F1 | |
2859 | (:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F4(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of) | |
2860 | 2.914 F(the follo)144 373.2 Q | |
2861 | (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 | |
2862 | (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 385.2 R 5.421 | |
2863 | (wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 397.2 Q F0 | |
2864 | 2.519(Ac)144 409.2 S .019(haracter class matches an)-2.519 F 2.519(yc) | |
2865 | -.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1 | |
2866 | -.1(wo)2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F | |
2867 | (letters, digits, and the character _.)144 421.2 Q -.4(Wi)144 439.2 S | |
2868 | (thin).4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n) | |
2869 | -3.546 E F4 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 | |
2870 | (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F4(c)A F1(=]) | |
2871 | A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\ | |
2872 | e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ | |
2873 | ter)144 451.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 469.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 | |
2874 | E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F4 | |
2875 | (symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)2.5 E | |
2876 | F0(.)A .705(If the)108 486 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 | |
2877 | (shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
2878 | 3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 | |
2879 | (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 498 | |
2880 | R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 | |
2881 | (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 | |
2882 | (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E | |
2883 | F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) | |
2884 | 108 510 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 534 Q F4(pattern-list) | |
2885 | .833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 546 | |
2886 | Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 558 Q F4 | |
2887 | (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 | |
2888 | (Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 570 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
2889 | (np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 582 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) | |
2890 | .833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 594 Q -.15(ve) | |
2891 | -.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 606 Q F4(pattern-list).833 | |
2892 | E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) | |
2893 | .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 | |
2894 | E F0(Matches an)180 642 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E | |
2895 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 658.8 Q -.1 | |
2896 | (va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 670.8 R 1.113 | |
2897 | (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) | |
2898 | 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 | |
2899 | 1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 682.8 Q .3 | |
2900 | -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F5 | |
2901 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 699.6 Q F0 .545 | |
2902 | (Before a command is e)108 711.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 | |
2903 | (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F4 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E | |
2904 | (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F 2.77 | |
2905 | (by the shell.)108 723.6 R 2.769(Redirection may also be used to open a\ | |
2906 | nd close \214les for the current shell e)7.77 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution) | |
2907 | .15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
2908 | %%Page: 23 23 | |
2909 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2910 | BP | |
2911 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2912 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
2913 | -.35 E(en)108 84 Q 3.36(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)3.36 E .86 | |
2914 | (wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .86 | |
2915 | (ywhere within a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .86(simple com-)3.7 F | |
2916 | (mand)108 96 Q F0(or may follo)3.27 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5 | |
2917 | (.R).77 G(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G | |
2918 | (ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .284(In the follo) | |
2919 | 108 112.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \ | |
2920 | omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 | |
2921 | (ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 | |
2922 | (,t)C .512 | |
2923 | (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) | |
2924 | -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F | |
2925 | (redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C | |
2926 | (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) | |
2927 | -2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 | |
2928 | (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 | |
2929 | (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 | |
2930 | (jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 | |
2931 | (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 | |
2932 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 | |
2933 | (sion, quote remo)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F | |
2934 | .843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 | |
2935 | F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0 | |
2936 | (reports an error)108 189.6 Q(.)-.55 E | |
2937 | (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15 | |
2938 | (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F2(>)2.5 | |
2939 | E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A | |
2940 | (directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q | |
2941 | F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8 | |
2942 | Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 | |
2943 | (directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027 | |
2944 | E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 | |
2945 | (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F | |
2946 | (output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E | |
2947 | F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 | |
2948 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) | |
2949 | -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F | |
2950 | (wing)-.25 E(table:)108 314.4 Q F2(/de)144 331.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A | |
2951 | F0(If)180 343.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 | |
2952 | E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 | |
2953 | E F2(/de)144 355.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) | |
2954 | 180 367.2 Q F2(/de)144 379.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 | |
2955 | (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 391.2 Q F2(/de)144 403.2 Q | |
2956 | (v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 415.2 Q F2(/de) | |
2957 | 144 427.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 439.2 Q | |
2958 | F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 | |
2959 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 | |
2960 | (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
2961 | (vice name,)180 451.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
2962 | (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) | |
2963 | -.1 E F2(/de)144 463.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) | |
2964 | 180 475.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 | |
2965 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 | |
2966 | (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
2967 | (vice name,)180 487.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
2968 | (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) | |
2969 | -.1 E 2.5(Af)108 504 S | |
2970 | (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E | |
2971 | (ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ | |
2972 | hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 | |
2973 | (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F | |
2974 | (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 532.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 | |
2975 | 549.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 | |
2976 | (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) | |
2977 | 108 561.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 | |
2978 | (to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 573.6 Q F1 | |
2979 | (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G | |
2980 | (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 | |
2981 | (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E | |
2982 | (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 590.4 Q([)144 607.2 Q | |
2983 | F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 624 Q(ecting Output) | |
2984 | -.18 E F0 .174 | |
2985 | (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) | |
2986 | 108 636 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 | |
2987 | (to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 648 R | |
2988 | F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 | |
2989 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 | |
2990 | .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F | |
2991 | -.15(ex)108 660 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E | |
2992 | (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E | |
2993 | (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q | |
2994 | F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 | |
2995 | (If the redirection operator is)108 710.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C | |
2996 | .154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) | |
2997 | 2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 | |
2998 | (iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F 1.76(will f)108 722.4 R | |
2999 | 1.76(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F 1.759 | |
3000 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.259 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)4.259 G 1.759 | |
3001 | (ists and is a re).15 F 1.759(gular \214le.)-.15 F 1.759(If the)6.759 F | |
3002 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3003 | %%Page: 24 24 | |
3004 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3005 | BP | |
3006 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3007 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3008 | -.35 E .594(redirection operator is)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|) | |
3009 | 3.094 E F0 3.094(,o)C 3.094(rt)-3.094 G .594(he redirection operator is) | |
3010 | -3.094 F F1(>)3.094 E F0 .595(and the)3.094 F F1(noclob)3.095 E(ber)-.1 | |
3011 | E F0 .595(option to the)3.095 F F1(set)3.095 E F0 -.2(bu)3.095 G .595 | |
3012 | (iltin com-).2 F(mand is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 | |
3013 | 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E | |
3014 | /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E | |
3015 | F1 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 | |
3016 | (Redirection of output in this f)108 124.8 R .642 | |
3017 | (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 | |
3018 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 | |
3019 | (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 136.8 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 | |
3020 | 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 | |
3021 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 | |
3022 | .474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 | |
3023 | 148.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E | |
3024 | (The general format for appending output is:)108 165.6 Q([)144 182.4 Q | |
3025 | F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 204 Q | |
3026 | (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 | |
3027 | (This construct allo)108 216 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ | |
3028 | e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F | |
3029 | (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 228 Q | |
3030 | (xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 | |
3031 | 244.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
3032 | (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 | |
3033 | (&>)144 261.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 273.6 Q F1(>&)144 285.6 Q | |
3034 | F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 302.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
3035 | (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E | |
3036 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 319.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 | |
3037 | E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 340.8 S | |
3038 | (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 | |
3039 | (This construct allo)108 352.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ | |
3040 | \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) | |
3041 | -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
3042 | 364.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E | |
3043 | (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 | |
3044 | 381.6 Q F1(&>>)144 398.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 | |
3045 | (This is semantically equi)108 415.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 | |
3046 | (>>)144 432 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 | |
3047 | 448.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ | |
3048 | nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ | |
3049 | ontaining only)108 460.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 472.8 Q F0 .614 | |
3050 | (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 | |
3051 | (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 | |
3052 | F(dard input for a command.)108 484.8 Q | |
3053 | (The format of here-documents is:)108 501.6 Q F1(<<)144 518.4 Q F0([)A | |
3054 | F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 530.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E | |
3055 | (delimiter)144 542.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 559.2 R .127 | |
3056 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 | |
3057 | (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 | |
3058 | 571.2 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G | |
3059 | 1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E | |
3060 | F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 | |
3061 | (is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) | |
3062 | -3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 | |
3063 | (the lines in the here-document are not e)108 583.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) | |
3064 | -.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 | |
3065 | (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 | |
3066 | (subjected to parameter e)108 595.2 R .695 | |
3067 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 | |
3068 | (xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F | |
3069 | (character sequence)108 607.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) | |
3070 | 2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) | |
3071 | 2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 | |
3072 | (If the redirection operator is)108 624 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) | |
3073 | C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ | |
3074 | the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 636 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G | |
3075 | (his allo)-5 E | |
3076 | (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) | |
3077 | -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 652.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 | |
3078 | 2.5(Av)108 664.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 | |
3079 | (<<<)144 681.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 698.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d) | |
3080 | -.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E | |
3081 | (xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E | |
3082 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3083 | %%Page: 25 25 | |
3084 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3085 | BP | |
3086 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3087 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3088 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 | |
3089 | (The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
3090 | (n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 | |
3091 | (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E | |
3092 | F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 | |
3093 | (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 | |
3094 | 141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G | |
3095 | 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G | |
3096 | 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
3097 | .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 | |
3098 | (for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) | |
3099 | 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E | |
3100 | F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) | |
3101 | 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F | |
3102 | (the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q | |
3103 | (The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A | |
3104 | (d)-.37 E F0 .444 | |
3105 | (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) | |
3106 | 5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 | |
3107 | (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 | |
3108 | (tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 | |
3109 | E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ | |
3110 | a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G | |
3111 | .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 | |
3112 | F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 | |
3113 | (xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F | |
3114 | (put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q | |
3115 | (viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 | |
3116 | (The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) | |
3117 | A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G | |
3118 | .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 | |
3119 | (to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) | |
3120 | -3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 | |
3121 | (n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 | |
3122 | E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
3123 | (Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) | |
3124 | 144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q | |
3125 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 | |
3126 | (digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 | |
3127 | 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 | |
3128 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 | |
3129 | .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 | |
3130 | (Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 | |
3131 | (The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) | |
3132 | A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
3133 | 451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 | |
3134 | (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) | |
3135 | 108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G | |
3136 | (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E | |
3137 | (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 | |
3138 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E | |
3139 | 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 | |
3140 | (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 | |
3141 | (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ | |
3142 | ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 | |
3143 | (and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 | |
3144 | F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E | |
3145 | 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 | |
3146 | (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 | |
3147 | F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 | |
3148 | (If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 | |
3149 | (xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A | |
3150 | F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 | |
3151 | 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) | |
3152 | -3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 | |
3153 | (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 | |
3154 | (ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119 | |
3155 | (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G | |
3156 | 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 | |
3157 | (The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F | |
3158 | .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 | |
3159 | (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F | |
3160 | .295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 | |
3161 | (This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 | |
3162 | .296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 | |
3163 | (bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R | |
3164 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F | |
3165 | 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 | |
3166 | (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) | |
3167 | -3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E | |
3168 | (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 | |
3169 | E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 | |
3170 | (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 | |
3171 | (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 | |
3172 | (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284 | |
3173 | (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E | |
3174 | .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) | |
3175 | 108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 | |
3176 | (Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22 | |
3177 | (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) | |
3178 | .15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 | |
3179 | (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
3180 | (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 | |
3181 | (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 | |
3182 | E .435 | |
3183 | (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 | |
3184 | 691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 | |
3185 | (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 | |
3186 | (one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 | |
3187 | (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 | |
3188 | (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 | |
3189 | (xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904 | |
3190 | (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 | |
3191 | (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 | |
3192 | (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 | |
3193 | (another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 | |
3194 | G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F | |
3195 | 1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
3196 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3197 | %%Page: 26 26 | |
3198 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3199 | BP | |
3200 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3201 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3202 | -.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 | |
3203 | (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) | |
3204 | 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 | |
3205 | 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\ | |
3206 | xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ | |
3207 | e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 | |
3208 | (because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R | |
3209 | .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 | |
3210 | (tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 | |
3211 | (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 | |
3212 | (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F | |
3213 | -.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F | |
3214 | (rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E | |
3215 | F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) | |
3216 | -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
3217 | (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 | |
3218 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 | |
3219 | (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 | |
3220 | H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 | |
3221 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F | |
3222 | 1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 | |
3223 | (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ | |
3224 | t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 | |
3225 | 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F | |
3226 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 | |
3227 | F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 | |
3228 | (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F | |
3229 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 | |
3230 | F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F | |
3231 | .639 | |
3232 | (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) | |
3233 | -.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 | |
3234 | R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 | |
3235 | (Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F | |
3236 | 1.017(ment of the)108 249.6 R F3(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) | |
3237 | 3.267 G 1.017 | |
3238 | (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F | |
3239 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 | |
3240 | (other aspects of the shell e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 | |
3241 | (cution en).15 F 1.285 | |
3242 | (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4 | |
3243 | F -.15(ex)108 273.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F3(DEB)4.529 E(UG) | |
3244 | -.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 | |
3245 | (traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
3246 | 4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 | |
3247 | E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 | |
3248 | (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) | |
3249 | -.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E | |
3250 | .478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 297.6 R F3(declar) | |
3251 | 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) | |
3252 | -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 | |
3253 | (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
3254 | 108 309.6 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB) | |
3255 | 2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) | |
3256 | 108 326.4 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) | |
3257 | 1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F | |
3258 | (Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) | |
3259 | 108 338.4 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E | |
3260 | (.)-.55 E .043(If the b)108 355.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18 | |
3261 | (re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 | |
3262 | (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
3263 | .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 367.2 R 1.012 | |
3264 | (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G | |
3265 | 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 | |
3266 | (trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 379.2 R | |
3267 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 | |
3268 | (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 | |
3269 | (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) | |
3270 | 108 391.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E | |
3271 | 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) | |
3272 | -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 | |
3273 | (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 408 R F1 | |
3274 | <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E | |
3275 | F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F | |
3276 | 3.39(mands. The)108 420 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 | |
3277 | (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 | |
3278 | (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F | |
3279 | .327(\214le and line number)108 432 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G | |
3280 | (he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 | |
3281 | (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 | |
3282 | (xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 444 R 1.597 | |
3283 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E F0 | |
3284 | 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 | |
3285 | (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 | |
3286 | (deleted using the)108 456 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 | |
3287 | F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 | |
3288 | (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 | |
3289 | F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 | |
3290 | 468 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 | |
3291 | (hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 480 Q | |
3292 | (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E | |
3293 | (Functions may be recursi)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) | |
3294 | -5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H | |
3295 | (alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 513.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G | |
3296 | (ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 525.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e) | |
3297 | -.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 | |
3298 | (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 | |
3299 | (and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 537.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 | |
3300 | (iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 | |
3301 | (\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 | |
3302 | F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
3303 | (r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 | |
3304 | (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G | |
3305 | .428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 | |
3306 | 561.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 | |
3307 | (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F | |
3308 | 1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 573.6 Q -.15 | |
3309 | (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) | |
3310 | -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 | |
3311 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 590.4 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 | |
3312 | (va)144 602.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 | |
3313 | 614.4 Q F5(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 626.4 S | |
3314 | (riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 638.4 S F0 | |
3315 | (unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 650.4 S F0 | |
3316 | (logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 | |
3317 | 662.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 674.4 S F0 | |
3318 | (multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 | |
3319 | 686.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 698.4 Q F0 | |
3320 | (left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
3321 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3322 | %%Page: 27 27 | |
3323 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3324 | BP | |
3325 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3326 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3327 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<= >= < >)108 84 Q F0(comparison)144 96 Q | |
3328 | F1(== !=)108 108 Q F0(equality and inequality)13.07 E F1(&)108 120 Q F0 | |
3329 | (bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 132 Q F0(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E | |
3330 | .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 144 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&) | |
3331 | 108 156 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||)108 168 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2 | |
3332 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 180 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E | |
3333 | F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 192 Q F1 2.5(=*) | |
3334 | 108 204 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5 | |
3335 | (=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 216 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 | |
3336 | 228 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 240 Q | |
3337 | .68(Shell v)108 256.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 | |
3338 | (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 | |
3339 | (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F | |
3340 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 268.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 | |
3341 | F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 | |
3342 | (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) | |
3343 | -.25 F -.15(ex)108 280.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G | |
3344 | 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 | |
3345 | (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 | |
3346 | (using the parameter e)108 292.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 | |
3347 | (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 | |
3348 | (va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 | |
3349 | (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 304.8 R 1.389 | |
3350 | (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) | |
3351 | -3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 | |
3352 | (ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) | |
3353 | 3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 316.8 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) | |
3354 | 2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 | |
3355 | (As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 | |
3356 | -.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 | |
3357 | (ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 328.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E | |
3358 | 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 | |
3359 | 345.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F | |
3360 | (xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 357.6 R 3.089(et)-.1 | |
3361 | G .589(he form [)-3.089 F F2(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F2(base)3.089 E | |
3362 | F0 .59(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .093 | |
3363 | (ing the arithmetic base, and)108 369.6 R F2(n)2.593 E F0 .093 | |
3364 | (is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F2(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 | |
3365 | (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .092(The digits)5.092 F .064 | |
3366 | (greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 381.6 R .064 | |
3367 | (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)-.25 F | |
3368 | 5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F2(base)2.565 E F0 .433 | |
3369 | (is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 393.6 R .432(wercase and uppercase\ | |
3370 | letters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F | |
3371 | (bers between 10 and 35.)108 405.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 422.4 R | |
3372 | -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E | |
3373 | .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 | |
3374 | (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 434.4 S | |
3375 | (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 | |
3376 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 451.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 | |
3377 | (Conditional e)108 463.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) | |
3378 | 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) | |
3379 | 2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F | |
3380 | .77(\214le attrib)108 475.2 R .77 | |
3381 | (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 | |
3382 | (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 | |
3383 | (unary or binary primaries.)108 487.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 | |
3384 | (\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 | |
3385 | (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E | |
3386 | (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 499.2 | |
3387 | Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E | |
3388 | F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 | |
3389 | (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) | |
3390 | -.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F2 | |
3391 | (/de)108 511.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C | |
3392 | (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 | |
3393 | (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 | |
3394 | (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) | |
3395 | 108 528 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) | |
3396 | -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 540 Q | |
3397 | F1<ad61>108 564 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2 | |
3398 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 576 Q F2(\214le) | |
3399 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3400 | (ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 588 Q F2(\214le) | |
3401 | 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3402 | (ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 600 Q F2 | |
3403 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) | |
3404 | 2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 612 Q F2 | |
3405 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) | |
3406 | 2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 624 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G | |
3407 | (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E | |
3408 | (gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 636 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 | |
3409 | G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3410 | (ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 648 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
3411 | -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3412 | (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 660 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
3413 | -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3414 | (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) | |
3415 | -2.5 E F1<ad70>108 672 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E | |
3416 | F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 | |
3417 | E F1<ad72>108 684 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 | |
3418 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 | |
3419 | 696 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
3420 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108 | |
3421 | 708 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 | |
3422 | (fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 | |
3423 | 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3424 | %%Page: 28 28 | |
3425 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3426 | BP | |
3427 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3428 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3429 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
3430 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) | |
3431 | 2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 96 Q | |
3432 | F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
3433 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E | |
3434 | F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
3435 | (ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad4f>108 120 Q F2 | |
3436 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) | |
3437 | 2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 | |
3438 | (ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad47>108 132 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) | |
3439 | 7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E | |
3440 | (wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E | |
3441 | F1<ad4c>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2 | |
3442 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1 | |
3443 | <ad53>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2 | |
3444 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1 | |
3445 | <ad4e>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) | |
3446 | 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E | |
3447 | (as last read.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 180 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A F2 | |
3448 | (\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 E | |
3449 | F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 | |
3450 | (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E | |
3451 | F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 | |
3452 | (ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) | |
3453 | 2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 204 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 | |
3454 | -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 | |
3455 | (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 | |
3456 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 | |
3457 | (\214le1)108 228 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S | |
3458 | (ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 | |
3459 | (refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1<ad6f>108 | |
3460 | 252 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S 1.144(ue if shell option).35 | |
3461 | F F2(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 F 1.143 | |
3462 | (See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F1<ad6f> | |
3463 | 3.643 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
3464 | (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad7a>108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 | |
3465 | -.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.) | |
3466 | 2.5 E F2(string)108 312 Q F1<ad6e>108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) | |
3467 | 144 336 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.) | |
3468 | 2.72 E F2(string1)108 352.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) | |
3469 | 144 364.8 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(=)5 E F0 | |
3470 | (may be used in place of)2.5 E F1(==)2.5 E F0 | |
3471 | (for strict POSIX compliance.)2.5 E F2(string1)108 381.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E | |
3472 | F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 393.6 S | |
3473 | (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 410.4 Q F1(<)2.5 | |
3474 | E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 422.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E | |
3475 | F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E | |
3476 | (xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(string1)108 439.2 Q F1 | |
3477 | (>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1) | |
3478 | 2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E | |
3479 | (xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(ar)108.33 468 Q(g1) | |
3480 | -.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 480 | |
3481 | Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255ne)2.885 E | |
3482 | F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 | |
3483 | E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 | |
3484 | (hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2(ar)2.885 E | |
3485 | (g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ | |
3486 | qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 492 R F2(ar)144 | |
3487 | 504 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) | |
3488 | -.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 | |
3489 | (may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) | |
3490 | -2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 | |
3491 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 520.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 | |
3492 | (When a simple command is e)108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 | |
3493 | (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 | |
3494 | (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) | |
3495 | 108 544.8 Q 26(1. The)108 561.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 | |
3496 | (rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 | |
3497 | (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F | |
3498 | (name\) and redirections are sa)144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G | |
3499 | (or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 590.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 | |
3500 | (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 | |
3501 | (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 | |
3502 | F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 | |
3503 | 602.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 | |
3504 | (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E | |
3505 | (are the ar)144 614.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 631.2 R | |
3506 | (are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 | |
3507 | (REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 648 R(te) | |
3508 | 3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F | |
3509 | .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 | |
3510 | (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 | |
3511 | (command substitution, arithmetic e)144 660 R .339 | |
3512 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 | |
3513 | (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 672 Q .332 | |
3514 | (If no command name results, the v)108 688.8 R .332 | |
3515 | (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F | |
3516 | 2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 700.8 S .757 | |
3517 | (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 | |
3518 | (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 | |
3519 | (fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 712.8 | |
3520 | R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 | |
3521 | (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 | |
3522 | (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F | |
3523 | (the command e)108 724.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E | |
3524 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3525 | %%Page: 29 29 | |
3526 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3527 | BP | |
3528 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3529 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3530 | -.35 E .15(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 | |
3531 | 84 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 | |
3532 | (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 96 Q | |
3533 | (xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 | |
3534 | (If there is a command name left after e)108 112.8 R 1.064(xpansion, e) | |
3535 | -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F | |
3536 | 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 | |
3537 | 124.8 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 | |
3538 | (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 | |
3539 | (xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 136.8 R .466 | |
3540 | (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 | |
3541 | (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 148.8 | |
3542 | Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
3543 | (COMMAND EXECUTION)72 165.6 Q F0 .547 | |
3544 | (After a command has been split into w)108 177.6 R .546 | |
3545 | (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 | |
3546 | F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 189.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E | |
3547 | (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ | |
3548 | mpts to locate it.)108 206.4 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 | |
3549 | (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) | |
3550 | 108 218.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G | |
3551 | .246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 | |
3552 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 | |
3553 | (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F | |
3554 | (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 230.4 Q 2.5 | |
3555 | (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E | |
3556 | (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 | |
3557 | (If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 247.2 R .31 | |
3558 | (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 | |
3559 | E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 259.2 Q F2 -.666(PA) | |
3560 | 3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 | |
3561 | (xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 | |
3562 | .662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 | |
3563 | (the full pathnames of e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 | |
3564 | (cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 | |
3565 | (SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E | |
3566 | 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 | |
3567 | 283.2 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 | |
3568 | (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F | |
3569 | .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ | |
3570 | a de\214ned shell function named)108 295.2 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E | |
3571 | (ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 307.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 | |
3572 | (hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
3573 | (ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 | |
3574 | (ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) | |
3575 | -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 319.2 R .775 | |
3576 | (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 | |
3577 | (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F | |
3578 | .776(If that function is not)5.776 F | |
3579 | (de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 331.2 | |
3580 | Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ | |
3581 | e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 348 R -.15 | |
3582 | (xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e)108 | |
3583 | 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 | |
3584 | (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 | |
3585 | (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 372 Q | |
3586 | (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 | |
3587 | (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 388.8 R | |
3588 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 | |
3589 | (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 | |
3590 | (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G | |
3591 | 4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 400.8 R/F5 10 | |
3592 | /Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 | |
3593 | (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 | |
3594 | (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 | |
3595 | (cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 | |
3596 | (subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 412.8 R .33 | |
3597 | (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 | |
3598 | F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 | |
3599 | (andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 424.8 R 1.219 | |
3600 | (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) | |
3601 | -.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 | |
3602 | (SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 436.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A | |
3603 | F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) | |
3604 | 108 453.6 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ | |
3605 | e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) | |
3606 | -2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 465.6 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
3607 | .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ | |
3608 | handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) | |
3609 | 108 477.6 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 | |
3610 | (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 | |
3611 | (gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 | |
3612 | (interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 489.6 R | |
3613 | 1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 | |
3614 | F(command ar)108 501.6 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 | |
3615 | (COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 518.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) | |
3616 | 108 530.4 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 | |
3617 | 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 | |
3618 | 559.2 S 1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) | |
3619 | -.4 G 1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F | |
3620 | F4(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 571.2 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 588 S | |
3621 | (he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,) | |
3622 | A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) | |
3623 | -2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 | |
3624 | <8374>108 604.8 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F4 | |
3625 | (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) | |
3626 | -2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 621.6 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F4(trap)2.5 E | |
3627 | F0 32.5<8373>108 638.4 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F | |
3628 | .256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .257 | |
3629 | (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E | |
3630 | (in the en)144 650.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 667.2 S | |
3631 | (hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
3632 | (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G | |
3633 | (arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<836f>108 684 S | |
3634 | (ptions enabled at in)-32.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 E | |
3635 | (ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set)2.5 E | |
3636 | F0 32.5<836f>108 700.8 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
3637 | 32.5<8373>108 717.6 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F4(alias)2.5 E | |
3638 | F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3639 | %%Page: 30 30 | |
3640 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3641 | BP | |
3642 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3643 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3644 | -.35 E 32.5<8376>108 84 S | |
3645 | (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E | |
3646 | (alue of)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 | |
3647 | E(alue of)-.25 E F1($PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 | |
3648 | (When a simple command other than a b)108 100.8 R .426 | |
3649 | (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 | |
3650 | (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) | |
3651 | -2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 112.8 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 | |
3652 | (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F | |
3653 | .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F | |
3654 | (the shell.)108 124.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 153.6 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F | |
3655 | 3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G | |
3656 | 1.056 | |
3657 | (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) | |
3658 | -3.556 F(mand)144 165.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 182.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E | |
3659 | (orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 199.2 S | |
3660 | (he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 216 S .856(hell v) | |
3661 | -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 | |
3662 | (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 | |
3663 | (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 228 Q(vironment) | |
3664 | -.4 E 32.5<8374>108 244.8 S .307 | |
3665 | (raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 | |
3666 | (alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 | |
3667 | (arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 256.8 Q | |
3668 | 2.5(Ac)108 273.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G | |
3669 | 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E | |
3670 | (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E | |
3671 | (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ | |
3672 | ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 290.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
3673 | (ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 302.4 S .245(ubshell en) | |
3674 | -2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 | |
3675 | (vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F | |
3676 | .358(reset to the v)108 314.4 R .358 | |
3677 | (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 | |
3678 | G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) | |
3679 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 326.4 | |
3680 | R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 | |
3681 | (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) | |
3682 | -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 338.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G | |
3683 | -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 | |
3684 | 355.2 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 | |
3685 | (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F | |
3686 | F1<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) | |
3687 | 108 367.2 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 | |
3688 | (option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 384 R | |
3689 | .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) | |
3690 | 2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 | |
3691 | (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 | |
3692 | 396 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C | |
3693 | .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G | |
3694 | .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 | |
3695 | F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 408 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
3696 | (ENVIR)72 424.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 436.8 | |
3697 | R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) | |
3698 | -4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 | |
3699 | (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 | |
3700 | E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 448.8 Q | |
3701 | F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 | |
3702 | (value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 465.6 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 | |
3703 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F | |
3704 | 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 | |
3705 | (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 477.6 Q .144(viron\ | |
3706 | ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ | |
3707 | it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F | |
3708 | 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 489.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F | |
3709 | 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) | |
3710 | 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 | |
3711 | (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 | |
3712 | (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 501.6 R | |
3713 | 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 | |
3714 | (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 513.6 Q .64 | |
3715 | (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 | |
3716 | (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) | |
3717 | -.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 525.6 | |
3718 | R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 | |
3719 | (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 | |
3720 | (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F | |
3721 | .3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 537.6 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 | |
3722 | (airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 | |
3723 | E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 | |
3724 | (dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) | |
3725 | 108 549.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 | |
3726 | 566.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) | |
3727 | 3.403 F F0 .562 | |
3728 | (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F | |
3729 | .202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 578.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) | |
3730 | -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 | |
3731 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F | |
3732 | .203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 590.4 Q | |
3733 | (vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 607.2 R F1<ad6b> | |
3734 | 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
3735 | 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 | |
3736 | .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 619.2 Q | |
3737 | (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) | |
3738 | -.4 E(When)108 636 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) | |
3739 | .2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v)-3.547 | |
3740 | F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 | |
3741 | (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F | |
3742 | (passed to that command in its en)108 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3(EXIT ST) | |
3743 | 72 664.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 676.8 R .151 | |
3744 | (xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v) | |
3745 | .15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15 | |
3746 | (system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847 | |
3747 | (tion. Exit)108 688.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347 | |
3748 | (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F | |
3749 | 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 | |
3750 | F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 700.8 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G | |
3751 | .674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 | |
3752 | (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 | |
3753 | F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 712.8 Q | |
3754 | (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 | |
3755 | 729.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 | |
3756 | (urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 | |
3757 | (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) | |
3758 | -.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg | |
3759 | EP | |
3760 | %%Page: 31 31 | |
3761 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3762 | BP | |
3763 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3764 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3765 | -.35 E .049(zero indicates success.)108 84 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 | |
3766 | (on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 | |
3767 | (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) | |
3768 | -2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)2.5 | |
3769 | E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E | |
3770 | (alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .404 | |
3771 | (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 112.8 R | |
3772 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 | |
3773 | (If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 124.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) | |
3774 | -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 141.6 | |
3775 | Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E | |
3776 | (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) | |
3777 | -.15 E .081(Shell b)108 158.4 R .081 | |
3778 | (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C | |
3779 | 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 | |
3780 | 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F | |
3781 | (the)108 170.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 | |
3782 | (bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E | |
3783 | (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 187.2 Q | |
3784 | F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 | |
3785 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 | |
3786 | (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 199.2 | |
3787 | Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 | |
3788 | (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 | |
3789 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 216 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 228 Q F2 | |
3790 | (bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G | |
3791 | 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 | |
3792 | (raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 | |
3793 | (\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 | |
3794 | F(interacti)108 240 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 | |
3795 | (SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 | |
3796 | (wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 | |
3797 | (In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 252 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E | |
3798 | (UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E | |
3799 | (fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 | |
3800 | (SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 | |
3801 | (Non-b)108 268.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 | |
3802 | (ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 | |
3803 | F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) | |
3804 | 108 280.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 | |
3805 | (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) | |
3806 | 2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 | |
3807 | (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 292.8 R .653 | |
3808 | (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F | |
3809 | -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 304.8 Q F4 | |
3810 | (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 | |
3811 | (SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 321.6 R 2.045 | |
3812 | (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E | |
3813 | F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 | |
3814 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 333.6 Q F0 | |
3815 | 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 | |
3816 | (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 | |
3817 | (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 | |
3818 | (ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 345.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) | |
3819 | 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ | |
3820 | to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 | |
3821 | G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 357.6 R F2(diso) | |
3822 | 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 | |
3823 | (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E | |
3824 | 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 | |
3825 | (SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A | |
3826 | .166(If the)108 386.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 | |
3827 | (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) | |
3828 | 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 | |
3829 | (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 | |
3830 | 398.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F | |
3831 | .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
3832 | 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) | |
3833 | -3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 | |
3834 | (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E | |
3835 | F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 | |
3836 | (via the)108 439.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ | |
3837 | eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 | |
3838 | (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F | |
3839 | (return immediately with an e)108 451.2 Q | |
3840 | (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 | |
3841 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 468 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 | |
3842 | (Jo)108 480 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 | |
3843 | (refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 | |
3844 | (ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 | |
3845 | (xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 492 Q F1 | |
3846 | -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
3847 | .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 | |
3848 | (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 | |
3849 | (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) | |
3850 | -.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 504 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G | |
3851 | (erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(bash)2.5 E | |
3852 | F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 520.8 R F1(job)5.024 E F0 .784 | |
3853 | (with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 | |
3854 | (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 | |
3855 | (cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 532.8 R F2 | |
3856 | (jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 | |
3857 | (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E | |
3858 | (ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 544.8 | |
3859 | Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 561.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ | |
3860 | umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ | |
3861 | ociated)108 578.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 590.4 R .732 | |
3862 | (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) | |
3863 | 5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 602.4 Q F1(job) | |
3864 | 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 | |
3865 | (To f)108 619.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) | |
3866 | .7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F | |
3867 | .871(notion of a)108 631.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F | |
3868 | .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 | |
3869 | (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 | |
3870 | (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 | |
3871 | 643.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 | |
3872 | (board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 655.2 Q | |
3873 | F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) | |
3874 | 3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E | |
3875 | (kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 | |
3876 | F .145(group ID dif)108 667.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 | |
3877 | (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 | |
3878 | (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .042 | |
3879 | (ground processes are allo)108 679.2 R .042 | |
3880 | (wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .042 | |
3881 | (Background processes which attempt to)5.042 F 1.639 | |
3882 | (read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 691.2 R F4 1.64 | |
3883 | (SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.14 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 1.64(signal by the terminal dri) | |
3884 | 3.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.44 -.4(r, w).15 H(hich,).4 E | |
3885 | (unless caught, suspends the process.)108 703.2 Q 1.088 | |
3886 | (If the operating system on which)108 720 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 | |
3887 | (is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 | |
3888 | (contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 | |
3889 | Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
3890 | %%Page: 32 32 | |
3891 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3892 | BP | |
3893 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3894 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
3895 | -.35 E -.8(Ty)108 84 S .301(ping the).8 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
3896 | (suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F/F2 10 | |
3897 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 | |
3898 | (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 | |
3899 | F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 96 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142 | |
3900 | (.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 2.142 | |
3901 | (character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C(ontrol-Y\)) | |
3902 | -4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read\ | |
3903 | input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 108 R(to)108 | |
3904 | 120 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 | |
3905 | (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F | |
3906 | F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 | |
3907 | (background, the)108 132 R F2(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 | |
3908 | (command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F | |
3909 | F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F2(^Z) | |
3910 | 3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 144 Q .949(fect immediately)-.25 | |
3911 | F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 | |
3912 | (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) | |
3913 | 108 156 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 172.8 R .777 | |
3914 | (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 | |
3915 | (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 184.8 | |
3916 | Q F1(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F1(n)3.818 E F0 .957 | |
3917 | (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 | |
3918 | (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ | |
3919 | ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) | |
3920 | 108 196.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E | |
3921 | F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 208.8 Q F2(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 | |
3922 | E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 | |
3923 | (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F2(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 | |
3924 | (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F2(%?ce)3.463 E | |
3925 | F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 | |
3926 | (hand, refers to an)108 220.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 | |
3927 | (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F2(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 | |
3928 | (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 | |
3929 | (If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 232.8 Q F2 | |
3930 | (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 | |
3931 | (he symbols)-5.018 F F2(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F2(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 | |
3932 | (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F | |
3933 | F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) | |
3934 | -2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 244.8 R .495 | |
3935 | (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F | |
3936 | (The)5.495 E F1(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 | |
3937 | (may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 256.8 R F2<25ad>3.288 E F0 | |
3938 | 5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F2 | |
3939 | (%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F2<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 | |
3940 | (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E | |
3941 | .256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 268.8 R F2 | |
3942 | (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) | |
3943 | -.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 | |
3944 | (and the pre)108 280.8 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.911 E F0 | |
3945 | 5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 | |
3946 | (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
3947 | (rent job)108 292.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443 | |
3948 | (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 309.6 R | |
3949 | (ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) | |
3950 | -.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C | |
3951 | (ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 | |
3952 | 321.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 | |
3953 | (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F | |
3954 | (equi)108 333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') | |
3955 | .63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 350.4 R | |
3956 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) | |
3957 | 5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 | |
3958 | (its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 | |
3959 | (prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 362.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G | |
3960 | .158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 | |
3961 | (ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F2<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 | |
3962 | (option to)2.657 F(the)108 374.4 Q F2(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G | |
3963 | 1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 | |
3964 | (reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 | |
3965 | (ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.952 E | |
3966 | F0(is)3.702 E -.15(exe)108 386.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E | |
3967 | (xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 403.2 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash) | |
3968 | 2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 | |
3969 | G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 | |
3970 | (shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 415.2 R F2 | |
3971 | (shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 | |
3972 | (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 | |
3973 | (arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 | |
3974 | (option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 | |
3975 | 427.2 R(The)5.459 E F2(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 | |
3976 | (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) | |
3977 | 5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 439.2 R .604 | |
3978 | (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 | |
3979 | (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E | |
3980 | (and an)108 451.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 | |
3981 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 468 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 480 | |
3982 | R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,) | |
3983 | -.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3 | |
3984 | (PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 | |
3985 | (and the secondary prompt)108 492 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 | |
3986 | (when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F2(Bash)6.826 E | |
3987 | F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ | |
3988 | ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ | |
3989 | are)108 504 R(decoded as follo)108 516 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 528 Q F0 | |
3990 | (an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 540 Q F0 | |
3991 | (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E | |
3992 | (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 552 Q F1(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 564 | |
3993 | Q F1(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F1(strftime)3.926 E F0 | |
3994 | 1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B | |
3995 | (empty)180 576 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 | |
3996 | (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E | |
3997 | (The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 588 Q F0 | |
3998 | (an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 600 Q F0 | |
3999 | (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 612 Q F0 | |
4000 | (the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 624 Q F0 | |
4001 | (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F2(\\l)144 | |
4002 | 636 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) | |
4003 | -2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 648 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2 | |
4004 | (\\r)144 660 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\s)144 672 Q F0 | |
4005 | (the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F2($0)2.5 E F0 | |
4006 | (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 | |
4007 | 684 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144 | |
4008 | 696 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144 | |
4009 | 708 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E(GNU Bash-4.0) | |
4010 | 72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4011 | %%Page: 33 33 | |
4012 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4013 | BP | |
4014 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4015 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4016 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\A)144 84 Q F0 | |
4017 | (the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 96 Q F0 | |
4018 | (the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 108 Q F0(the v) | |
4019 | 28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) | |
4020 | 144 120 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C | |
4021 | (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) | |
4022 | -2.5 E F1(\\w)144 132 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F 4.288 | |
4023 | (orking directory)-.1 F 6.787(,w)-.65 G(ith)-6.787 E F1($HOME)6.787 E F0 | |
4024 | (abbre)6.787 E 4.287(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)180 | |
4025 | 144 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W) | |
4026 | 144 156 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 | |
4027 | E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E | |
4028 | (viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 168 Q F0 | |
4029 | (the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 180 Q F0 | |
4030 | (the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 192 Q F0 | |
4031 | (if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1 | |
4032 | (#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 204 Q/F2 10 | |
4033 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 | |
4034 | (the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F1 | |
4035 | (\\\\)144 216 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 228 Q F0 | |
4036 | (be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ | |
4037 | d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) | |
4038 | 180 240 Q F1(\\])144 252 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) | |
4039 | 29.89 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) | |
4040 | 108 268.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F | |
4041 | 1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ | |
4042 | from the history \214le \(see)108 280.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) | |
4043 | 4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 292.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ | |
4044 | mmand number is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15 | |
4045 | (xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 | |
4046 | (rent shell session.)108 304.8 R .546 | |
4047 | (After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 | |
4048 | (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F | |
4049 | .352(tion, arithmetic e)108 316.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F | |
4050 | -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 | |
4051 | (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 | |
4052 | F(description of the)108 328.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E | |
4053 | F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) | |
4054 | -.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 345.6 Q F0 .15 | |
4055 | (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) | |
4056 | 108 357.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 | |
4057 | (\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 369.6 R | |
4058 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F | |
4059 | -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 | |
4060 | (editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 | |
4061 | (option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G | |
4062 | 3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 381.6 Q .949 | |
4063 | (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F | |
4064 | 3.45(Av)5.95 G .95(i-style line editing interf)-3.45 F .95(ace is also) | |
4065 | -.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 | |
4066 | (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) | |
4067 | -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 | |
4068 | .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E | |
4069 | (\(see)108 405.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) | |
4070 | -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) | |
4071 | -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 | |
4072 | (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E | |
4073 | (emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 | |
4074 | (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q | |
4075 | F0 .568(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) | |
4076 | 108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) | |
4077 | 3.067 G .567(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A | |
4078 | 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) | |
4079 | -.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) | |
4080 | -.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 | |
4081 | (\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .831 | |
4082 | (yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 | |
4083 | (y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 | |
4084 | 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 | |
4085 | (hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 | |
4086 | (his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 482.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F | |
4087 | (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 | |
4088 | (x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 | |
4089 | (rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 | |
4090 | (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H | |
4091 | (hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) | |
4092 | .65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 | |
4093 | (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G | |
4094 | .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E | |
4095 | (ho)108 523.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) | |
4096 | .4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 | |
4097 | (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) | |
4098 | .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 | |
4099 | (ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 535.2 R 1.018 | |
4100 | (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C | |
4101 | 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 | |
4102 | (ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 547.2 Q | |
4103 | (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) | |
4104 | -.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 564 R F2 | |
4105 | (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 | |
4106 | (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 | |
4107 | (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2 | |
4108 | (yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 576 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F | |
4109 | .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 | |
4110 | .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H | |
4111 | .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) | |
4112 | -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 588 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 | |
4113 | (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 | |
4114 | (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) | |
4115 | 108 600 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 616.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ | |
4116 | tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 628.8 | |
4117 | R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 | |
4118 | (name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 640.8 R .196(en from the v) | |
4119 | -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G | |
4120 | 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 | |
4121 | (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 | |
4122 | E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ | |
4123 | es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ | |
4124 | nd the k)108 652.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 | |
4125 | (va)108 664.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) | |
4126 | 6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 | |
4127 | (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 | |
4128 | (lines are ignored.)108 676.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 | |
4129 | (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 | |
4130 | (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 | |
4131 | (indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 688.8 R | |
4132 | (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E | |
4133 | (ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 705.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F | |
4134 | -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) | |
4135 | 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 | |
4136 | (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 717.6 Q | |
4137 | (wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
4138 | 140.96 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4139 | %%Page: 34 34 | |
4140 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4141 | BP | |
4142 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4143 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4144 | -.35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E | |
4145 | (M\255Control\255u: uni)144 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E | |
4146 | (gument)-.18 E(or)108 112.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve) | |
4147 | -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 136.8 Q/F1 10 | |
4148 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E | |
4149 | 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4150 | (cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) | |
4151 | -.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.261 | |
4152 | (wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G | |
4153 | (BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 | |
4154 | E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E | |
4155 | F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 | |
4156 | (SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G | |
4157 | (B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 | |
4158 | 182.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G | |
4159 | 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) | |
4160 | -2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 194.4 Q F1(macr) | |
4161 | 2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 211.2 Q | |
4162 | (ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R | |
4163 | .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 | |
4164 | E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 | |
4165 | (All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .382(command or the te) | |
4166 | 108 235.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 | |
4167 | (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 | |
4168 | (\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 | |
4169 | (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 | |
4170 | (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) | |
4171 | 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 | |
4172 | (ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 259.2 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 276 R F2 | |
4173 | -.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 | |
4174 | E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 | |
4175 | (is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) | |
4176 | .15 F 2.5(English. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E | |
4177 | (Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E | |
4178 | (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E | |
4179 | (Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .699(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15 | |
4180 | (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 | |
4181 | (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G | |
4182 | (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 | |
4183 | (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2 | |
4184 | (backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 | |
4185 | (C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 | |
4186 | (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 | |
4187 | 376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 | |
4188 | (into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.556 | |
4189 | E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) | |
4190 | 2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 | |
4191 | (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 | |
4192 | (ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 | |
4193 | (denoting an entire k)108 405.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ | |
4194 | ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F | |
4195 | (Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H | |
4196 | .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 | |
4197 | (xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F | |
4198 | (are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve) | |
4199 | -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E | |
4200 | ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q | |
4201 | ("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 | |
4202 | (In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) | |
4203 | 3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 | |
4204 | G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 | |
4205 | .315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G | |
4206 | <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 | |
4207 | (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 | |
4208 | (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
4209 | (The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 523.2 Q F2 | |
4210 | <5c43ad>144 535.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 547.2 Q F0 | |
4211 | (meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E | |
4212 | F2(\\\\)144 571.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 583.2 Q F0 | |
4213 | (literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 595.2 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\ | |
4214 | ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \ | |
4215 | escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0 | |
4216 | (alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 636 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\d)144 | |
4217 | 648 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144 | |
4218 | 672 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return) | |
4219 | 28.78 E F2(\\t)144 696 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0 | |
4220 | -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
4221 | 140.96 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4222 | %%Page: 35 35 | |
4223 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4224 | BP | |
4225 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4226 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4227 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A | |
4228 | F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E | |
4229 | (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96 | |
4230 | Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 | |
4231 | E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5 | |
4232 | (oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te) | |
4233 | 108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used t\ | |
4234 | o indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R | |
4235 | .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body) | |
4236 | 5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F | |
4237 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F | |
4238 | (will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E | |
4239 | (xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 | |
4240 | (ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 | |
4241 | (indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 | |
4242 | -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 | |
4243 | (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .345 -.15 | |
4244 | (ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 | |
4245 | (option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 | |
4246 | (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E | |
4247 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 | |
4248 | (Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 206.4 | |
4249 | R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F | |
4250 | (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 | |
4251 | (riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E | |
4252 | F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2 | |
4253 | (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 | |
4254 | 252 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) | |
4255 | -.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 | |
4256 | F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) | |
4257 | 108 264 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F | |
4258 | .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 | |
4259 | (alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 | |
4260 | (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) | |
4261 | 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 | |
4262 | F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 | |
4263 | (he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 | |
4264 | 288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .011 | |
4265 | (Controls what happens when readline w)144 316.8 R .011 | |
4266 | (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 | |
4267 | E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 | |
4268 | (rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 | |
4269 | 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) | |
4270 | -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A | |
4271 | (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) | |
4272 | -2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0 .056 | |
4273 | (If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ | |
4274 | s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F | |
4275 | (ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15 | |
4276 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) | |
4277 | -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 388.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) | |
4278 | -.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R | |
4279 | F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4280 | 3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1 | |
4281 | (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 | |
4282 | (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 424.8 Q | |
4283 | (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 436.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
4284 | (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ | |
4285 | insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) | |
4286 | 108 448.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ | |
4287 | in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ | |
4288 | that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R | |
4289 | 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 | |
4290 | (alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 | |
4291 | (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 484.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ | |
4292 | n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 | |
4293 | (completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .53 | |
4294 | (This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .529 | |
4295 | (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) | |
4296 | 144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F | |
4297 | .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) | |
4298 | -.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 532.8 R | |
4299 | .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ | |
4300 | the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237 | |
4301 | (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) | |
4302 | -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G | |
4303 | .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 556.8 Q F1(con)108 | |
4304 | 568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 580.8 | |
4305 | R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 | |
4306 | G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 | |
4307 | -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 | |
4308 | (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) | |
4309 | 144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 | |
4310 | F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) | |
4311 | 108 616.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 628.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C | |
4312 | .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 | |
4313 | (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) | |
4314 | 144 640.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E | |
4315 | F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .252 | |
4316 | (Controls whether readline be)144 664.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 | |
4317 | F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.753 E F0 | |
4318 | (or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0 | |
4319 | (can be set to either)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E | |
4320 | F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 688.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 | |
4321 | (When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 | |
4322 | (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
4323 | .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F | |
4324 | (tems need this to enable the arro)144 712.8 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey) | |
4325 | -2.6 G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(35)190.95 | |
4326 | E 0 Cg EP | |
4327 | %%Page: 36 36 | |
4328 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4329 | BP | |
4330 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4331 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4332 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 | |
4333 | (If set to)144 96 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E | |
4334 | (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) | |
4335 | -.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 108 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G | |
4336 | (\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.492(If set to)144 120 R F1(on)3.992 E F0 | |
4337 | 3.992(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ | |
4338 | cation on each history line)-3.992 F(retrie)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
4339 | (dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 | |
4340 | (or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(0\))108 144 | |
4341 | Q F0 .463(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 156 R -.15 | |
4342 | (ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 | |
4343 | F .462(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F | |
4344 | (entries in the history list is not limited.)144 168 Q F1 | |
4345 | (horizontal\255scr)108 180 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 | |
4346 | (When set to)144 192 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 | |
4347 | (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 | |
4348 | (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ | |
4349 | when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ | |
4350 | ne)144 204 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 216 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 228 | |
4351 | Q F0 .227(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ | |
4352 | will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ | |
4353 | rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 252 R -.05 | |
4354 | (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F | |
4355 | .956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F | |
4356 | (synon)144 264 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 276 Q | |
4357 | (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ | |
4358 | The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ | |
4359 | thout subsequently e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 | |
4360 | (ing the character as a command.)144 300 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 | |
4361 | (ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 | |
4362 | (alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 | |
4363 | (and)144 312 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) | |
4364 | 2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 | |
4365 | (Set the current readline k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F | |
4366 | 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 | |
4367 | (map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E | |
4368 | .069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 348 R F0 2.568 | |
4369 | (,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 | |
4370 | .068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) | |
4371 | 2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 360 R -.25(va)-.25 | |
4372 | G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C | |
4373 | 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) | |
4374 | 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
4375 | (editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 372 Q(fects the def)-.25 | |
4376 | E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 384 Q | |
4377 | (ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C | |
4378 | (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) | |
4379 | .15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 | |
4380 | 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) | |
4381 | -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 | |
4382 | (*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 432 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E | |
4383 | (ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 | |
4384 | 2.675(,c)C .175 | |
4385 | (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 | |
4386 | -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 456 | |
4387 | Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 | |
4388 | (match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .192(This v)144 480 R | |
4389 | .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 | |
4390 | (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 | |
4391 | (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E 1.024 | |
4392 | (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) | |
4393 | 144 492 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 | |
4394 | (upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 504 | |
4395 | Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) | |
4396 | 3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ | |
4397 | hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 540 Q | |
4398 | (ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 552 Q F0 | |
4399 | .809(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 | |
4400 | (eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A | |
4401 | 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) | |
4402 | -3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 576 Q F1 | |
4403 | (print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.318 | |
4404 | (If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ | |
4405 | play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 | |
4406 | F(order)144 612 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 | |
4407 | E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 624 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E | |
4408 | F0 .873(If set to)144 636 R F1(on)3.373 E F0 3.373(,r)C .872 | |
4409 | (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) | |
4410 | -3.373 F F1(accept\255line)3.372 E F0(is)3.372 E -.15(exe)144 648 S | |
4411 | 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 | |
4412 | (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 | |
4413 | (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 660 S(adline) | |
4414 | .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 672 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E | |
4415 | F0 .478(This alters the def)144 684 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 | |
4416 | (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) | |
4417 | 2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H | |
4418 | (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ | |
4419 | isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 696 R(bell.)144 708 Q | |
4420 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4421 | %%Page: 37 37 | |
4422 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4423 | BP | |
4424 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4425 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4426 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q | |
4427 | (w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 | |
4428 | (This alters the def)144 96 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 | |
4429 | (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) | |
4430 | -.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C | |
4431 | 4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 | |
4432 | (ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 | |
4433 | (ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 120 R 3.54 | |
4434 | (yp)-.15 G 1.039 | |
4435 | (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F | |
4436 | 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ | |
4437 | es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 132 Q F1 | |
4438 | (visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) | |
4439 | 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 | |
4440 | (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
4441 | (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B | |
4442 | (when listing possible completions.)144 168 Q F1 | |
4443 | (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05 | |
4444 | (Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ | |
4445 | he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 | |
4446 | (which allo)108 208.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 | |
4447 | (indings and v).15 F .096 | |
4448 | (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 | |
4449 | (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
4450 | (su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E | |
4451 | F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ | |
4452 | editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 | |
4453 | (or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 | |
4454 | (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 | |
4455 | (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F | |
4456 | (are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F1(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The) | |
4457 | 12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 | |
4458 | (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 | |
4459 | (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 | |
4460 | (mode. This)180 290.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F | |
4461 | F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) | |
4462 | 3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 302.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E | |
4463 | (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 | |
4464 | (ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 314.4 | |
4465 | Q F1(term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 | |
4466 | (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 | |
4467 | (ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R | |
4468 | .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 | |
4469 | (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 | |
4470 | (wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.231 | |
4471 | E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ | |
4472 | minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 | |
4473 | 367.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 | |
4474 | (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 | |
4475 | 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 384 Q F0(The)180 396 | |
4476 | Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 | |
4477 | (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F | |
4478 | .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 | |
4479 | 408 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 | |
4480 | (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) | |
4481 | 180 420 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F | |
4482 | .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F | |
4483 | .396(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 | |
4484 | (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 | |
4485 | (ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q | |
4486 | (vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 468 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 | |
4487 | (#Q)180 480 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E | |
4488 | ("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 492 Q F1($endif)180 504 Q($endif)108 | |
4489 | 520.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E | |
4490 | (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) | |
4491 | 108 537.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 | |
4492 | (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4493 | (cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .357 | |
4494 | (This directi)144 566.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 | |
4495 | (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 | |
4496 | (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) | |
4497 | 144 578.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 | |
4498 | -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 | |
4499 | ($include)144 602.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 619.2 Q | |
4500 | (ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .834 | |
4501 | (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F | |
4502 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E | |
4503 | .835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q | |
4504 | (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E | |
4505 | (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 | |
4506 | E .698(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .698 | |
4507 | (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F | |
4508 | .697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 | |
4509 | (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 672 R .112 | |
4510 | (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 | |
4511 | E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 | |
4512 | (incremental search requires only as man)108 684 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 | |
4513 | (haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 | |
4514 | (.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) | |
4515 | 108 696 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E | |
4516 | F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 | |
4517 | (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 | |
4518 | (If that v)108 708 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 | |
4519 | (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 | |
4520 | F .096(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ | |
4521 | l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) | |
4522 | 5.097 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg | |
4523 | EP | |
4524 | %%Page: 38 38 | |
4525 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4526 | BP | |
4527 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4528 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4529 | -.35 E(terminated, the history entry containing the search string becom\ | |
4530 | es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ | |
4531 | her matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R a\ | |
4532 | s appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 112.8 | |
4533 | R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 | |
4534 | (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 | |
4535 | (.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 124.8 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 | |
4536 | H .174 | |
4537 | (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 | |
4538 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E | |
4539 | .54(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 | |
4540 | E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 | |
4541 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) | |
4542 | 108 148.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) | |
4543 | 108 165.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 | |
4544 | (ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E | |
4545 | (en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G | |
4546 | (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) | |
4547 | -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ | |
4548 | re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 194.4 R(The searc\ | |
4549 | h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ | |
4550 | rent line.)108 206.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 | |
4551 | 223.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 | |
4552 | (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 | |
4553 | (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F | |
4554 | 3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .121 | |
4555 | (names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 | |
4556 | H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 | |
4557 | (the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.411 | |
4558 | E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) | |
4559 | 3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 | |
4560 | (db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 | |
4561 | (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E | |
4562 | (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) | |
4563 | 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 288 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E | |
4564 | (beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 300 Q F0(Mo)144 312 Q .3 -.15 | |
4565 | (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 | |
4566 | (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 324 Q F0(Mo)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve t) | |
4567 | -.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 348 S | |
4568 | (rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 360 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) | |
4569 | .15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 | |
4570 | 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E | |
4571 | F2 -.25(fo)108 396 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 408 | |
4572 | Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F | |
4573 | .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 | |
4574 | (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F | |
4575 | (ters and digits\).)144 420 Q F2(backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) | |
4576 | -.1 E F0(Mo)144 444 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 | |
4577 | (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 | |
4578 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F | |
4579 | (characters \(letters and digits\).)144 456 Q F2(shell\255f)108 468 Q | |
4580 | (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 480 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) | |
4581 | .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) | |
4582 | -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F | |
4583 | (ters.)144 492 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 | |
4584 | 516 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) | |
4585 | .15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 | |
4586 | (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 528 Q | |
4587 | F2(clear\255scr)108 540 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 | |
4588 | (Clear the screen lea)144 552 R .993 | |
4589 | (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G | |
4590 | .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F | |
4591 | (current line without clearing the screen.)144 564 Q F2 -.18(re)108 576 | |
4592 | S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 | |
4593 | 588 Q F2(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E | |
4594 | (accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 616.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 | |
4595 | (Accept the line re)144 628.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 | |
4596 | (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) | |
4597 | 5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 | |
4598 | (according to the state of the)144 640.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4599 | (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F | |
4600 | .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F | |
4601 | (restore the history line to its original state.)144 652.8 Q F2(pr)108 | |
4602 | 664.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 | |
4603 | (Fetch the pre)144 676.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 | |
4604 | E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 688.8 | |
4605 | Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 700.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 | |
4606 | E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
4607 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4608 | %%Page: 39 39 | |
4609 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4610 | BP | |
4611 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4612 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4613 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 | |
4614 | 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G | |
4615 | (he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 | |
4616 | (end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t) | |
4617 | -.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G | |
4618 | (.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 | |
4619 | 132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 | |
4620 | (Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) | |
4621 | -.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E | |
4622 | (This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S | |
4623 | (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 | |
4624 | (Search forw)144 180 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 | |
4625 | F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 | |
4626 | F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 | |
4627 | 204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E | |
4628 | (ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ | |
4629 | d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ | |
4630 | tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E | |
4631 | (.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) | |
4632 | -.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 252 R | |
4633 | 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ | |
4634 | ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 | |
4635 | 276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ | |
4636 | rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ | |
4637 | f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q | |
4638 | (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q | |
4639 | (ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through t\ | |
4640 | he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ | |
4641 | t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) | |
4642 | 5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 | |
4643 | .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 | |
4644 | (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F | |
4645 | .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 | |
4646 | (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 | |
4647 | (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 | |
4648 | (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 | |
4649 | (ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 | |
4650 | (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) | |
4651 | -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 | |
4652 | (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 | |
4653 | (ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 396 R .281(vious command.) | |
4654 | -.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 | |
4655 | (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 | |
4656 | (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q | |
4657 | (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q | |
4658 | 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 | |
4659 | (Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 | |
4660 | (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 | |
4661 | (vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 | |
4662 | (gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E | |
4663 | F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E | |
4664 | 1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E | |
4665 | (g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 | |
4666 | (back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 456 R .728 | |
4667 | (gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) | |
4668 | -.15 E .14(sion f)144 468 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 | |
4669 | (xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F | |
4670 | .14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 480 Q F1 | |
4671 | (shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623 | |
4672 | (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 | |
4673 | (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 | |
4674 | (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 | |
4675 | (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 | |
4676 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G | |
4677 | (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
4678 | (history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938 | |
4679 | (Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
4680 | (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E | |
4681 | (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) | |
4682 | -3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) | |
4683 | 108 564 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 576 R 1.627 | |
4684 | (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 | |
4685 | (HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 | |
4686 | (belo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E | |
4687 | (xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394 | |
4688 | (Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
4689 | (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
4690 | .395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 | |
4691 | (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 | |
4692 | (Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) | |
4693 | -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) | |
4694 | .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) | |
4695 | -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 | |
4696 | (operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 684 Q F0 .948 | |
4697 | (Accept the current line for e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 | |
4698 | (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 | |
4699 | (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F | |
4700 | (history for editing.)144 708 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G | |
4701 | (ument is ignored.).18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E | |
4702 | (39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4703 | %%Page: 40 40 | |
4704 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4705 | BP | |
4706 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4707 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4708 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4709 | (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 84 Q F0(In)144 | |
4710 | 96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 | |
4711 | (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 | |
4712 | (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 | |
4713 | (attempts to in)144 108 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4714 | ($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) | |
4715 | -.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 | |
4716 | (as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 | |
4717 | E F1(Commands f)87 124.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E | |
4718 | (delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 136.8 Q F0 .358 | |
4719 | (Delete the character at point.)144 148.8 R .358(If point is at the be) | |
4720 | 5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F | |
4721 | (line, and the last character typed w)144 160.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E | |
4722 | F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) | |
4723 | A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 172.8 Q F0 .552 | |
4724 | (Delete the character behind the cursor)144 184.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 | |
4725 | (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F | |
4726 | .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F | |
4727 | .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S | |
4728 | (rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 | |
4729 | (Delete the character under the cursor)144 220.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 | |
4730 | (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F | |
4731 | (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 232.8 Q F1 | |
4732 | (quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 244.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 | |
4733 | 256.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 | |
4734 | (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 | |
4735 | G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 | |
4736 | (,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 268.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 | |
4737 | (tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 280.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 | |
4738 | (Insert a tab character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 | |
4739 | (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 304.8 Q F0 | |
4740 | (Insert the character typed.)144 316.8 Q F1 | |
4741 | (transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 328.8 Q F0 .322 | |
4742 | (Drag the character before point forw)144 340.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 | |
4743 | (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 | |
4744 | (ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 | |
4745 | (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 | |
4746 | 352.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E | |
4747 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 364.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E | |
4748 | .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 | |
4749 | (transpose\255w)108 376.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 | |
4750 | 388.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) | |
4751 | -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) | |
4752 | -2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F | |
4753 | (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 400.8 Q 2.5 | |
4754 | (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 412.8 Q | |
4755 | (ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 | |
4756 | 424.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F | |
4757 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 | |
4758 | (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 436.8 S(rd, b).1 | |
4759 | E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 448.8 Q | |
4760 | (wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 460.8 Q 1.648 | |
4761 | (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 | |
4762 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 | |
4763 | (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) | |
4764 | -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 472.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 | |
4765 | -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 484.8 Q | |
4766 | (ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 | |
4767 | 496.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F | |
4768 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 | |
4769 | (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 508.8 S(rd, b) | |
4770 | .1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 | |
4771 | 520.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 532.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 | |
4772 | (ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 | |
4773 | (xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 | |
4774 | (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 | |
4775 | (Wi)144 544.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 | |
4776 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 | |
4777 | (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F | |
4778 | (fects)-.25 E(only)144 556.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) | |
4779 | 4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 | |
4780 | F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) | |
4781 | 4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 | |
4782 | (mode. In)144 568.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 | |
4783 | (rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 | |
4784 | 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 | |
4785 | (pushing the te)144 580.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 | |
4786 | (Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 | |
4787 | .957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 592.8 | |
4788 | Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 | |
4789 | 609.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 621.6 Q F0 | |
4790 | (Kill the te)144 633.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
4791 | (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 645.6 Q F0(Kill backw) | |
4792 | 144 657.6 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
4793 | (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 669.6 Q F0(Kill backw)144 681.6 | |
4794 | Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E | |
4795 | (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) | |
4796 | -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 693.6 Q F0 | |
4797 | (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 | |
4798 | 705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg | |
4799 | EP | |
4800 | %%Page: 41 41 | |
4801 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4802 | BP | |
4803 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4804 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4805 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 | |
4806 | .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 | |
4807 | (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 | |
4808 | (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S | |
4809 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G | |
4810 | (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q | |
4811 | (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 | |
4812 | E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 | |
4813 | (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q | |
4814 | (ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 | |
4815 | (Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R .728 | |
4816 | (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 | |
4817 | (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S | |
4818 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E | |
4819 | (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) | |
4820 | 108 180 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 | |
4821 | (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 | |
4822 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) | |
4823 | 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q | |
4824 | (ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 | |
4825 | (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 | |
4826 | F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 | |
4827 | (ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 | |
4828 | 240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 | |
4829 | 264 R .166 | |
4830 | (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) | |
4831 | -.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q | |
4832 | (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) | |
4833 | -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 | |
4834 | (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 | |
4835 | Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E | |
4836 | (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) | |
4837 | 144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E | |
4838 | (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
4839 | (copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 | |
4840 | G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 | |
4841 | E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 | |
4842 | (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q | |
4843 | (ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 | |
4844 | (Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F | |
4845 | 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 | |
4846 | G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 | |
4847 | (fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 | |
4848 | (yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S | |
4849 | (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 | |
4850 | E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 | |
4851 | (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 | |
4852 | (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E | |
4853 | F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q | |
4854 | (guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q | |
4855 | (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 | |
4856 | (Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .641 | |
4857 | (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 | |
4858 | (rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) | |
4859 | -.15 E(ati)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 | |
4860 | (uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 | |
4861 | (This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 | |
4862 | (gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 | |
4863 | (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 | |
4864 | (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 | |
4865 | 556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 | |
4866 | 568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) | |
4867 | 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 | |
4868 | (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) | |
4869 | -.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 | |
4870 | (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 | |
4871 | (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 | |
4872 | (neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R .243 | |
4873 | (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) | |
4874 | -.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 604.8 Q .378 | |
4875 | (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 | |
4876 | (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F | |
4877 | .378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) | |
4878 | -2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 | |
4879 | (Completing)87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 | |
4880 | (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 | |
4881 | (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 | |
4882 | (attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) | |
4883 | -.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) | |
4884 | -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F | |
4885 | .532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) | |
4886 | 144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 | |
4887 | (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 | |
4888 | (If none of these pro-)5.701 F | |
4889 | (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 | |
4890 | (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 | |
4891 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) | |
4892 | -.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg | |
4893 | EP | |
4894 | %%Page: 42 42 | |
4895 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4896 | BP | |
4897 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4898 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4899 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q | |
4900 | F0 .783(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783 | |
4901 | (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H | |
4902 | .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 | |
4903 | Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1 | |
4904 | (complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 | |
4905 | (ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 | |
4906 | (possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4907 | 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 | |
4908 | (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 | |
4909 | (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 | |
4910 | (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 | |
4911 | (\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 | |
4912 | (\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 | |
4913 | (An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E | |
4914 | F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 | |
4915 | (positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F | |
4916 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 | |
4917 | (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 | |
4918 | E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 | |
4919 | E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) | |
4920 | -.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 204 Q F0 .234 | |
4921 | (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 216 R .234 | |
4922 | (ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 | |
4923 | E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
4924 | 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) | |
4925 | 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 | |
4926 | 240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 252 Q F0 | |
4927 | (Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 264 Q(xt before point.)-.15 | |
4928 | E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0 | |
4929 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q | |
4930 | (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 | |
4931 | (complete\255user)108 300 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 | |
4932 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 312 Q | |
4933 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) | |
4934 | 108 324 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 | |
4935 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q | |
4936 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 | |
4937 | 348 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 360 Q | |
4938 | (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 | |
4939 | (possible\255v)108 372 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 | |
4940 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 384 Q | |
4941 | (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 | |
4942 | (complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 396 Q F0 | |
4943 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 408 Q | |
4944 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 | |
4945 | (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 420 Q F0 | |
4946 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q | |
4947 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 | |
4948 | (complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .581 | |
4949 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .581 | |
4950 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 | |
4951 | (Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R | |
4952 | .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F | |
4953 | .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F | |
4954 | (\214nally e)144 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4955 | (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
4956 | (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 492 Q F0 | |
4957 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q | |
4958 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 | |
4959 | (dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 516 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 | |
4960 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 528 R .425 | |
4961 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 | |
4962 | (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F | |
4963 | (for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1(dab)108 552 Q(br)-.1 E | |
4964 | -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 | |
4965 | (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 564 R .611 | |
4966 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 | |
4967 | (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F | |
4968 | (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1 | |
4969 | (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 588 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ | |
4970 | me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ | |
4971 | in braces so)144 600 R(the list is a)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G | |
4972 | (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E | |
4973 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 628.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 | |
4974 | E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) | |
4975 | .833 E F0(Be)144 652.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E | |
4976 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
4977 | (board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 664.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G | |
4978 | (C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 676.8 Q | |
4979 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
4980 | (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 | |
4981 | (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 | |
4982 | E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) | |
4983 | -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ | |
4984 | appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 | |
4985 | E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
4986 | %%Page: 43 43 | |
4987 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4988 | BP | |
4989 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4990 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
4991 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S | |
4992 | <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 | |
4993 | (Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) | |
4994 | 4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) | |
4995 | -.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F | |
4996 | (found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 | |
4997 | (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R | |
4998 | 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 | |
4999 | (bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v) | |
5000 | -.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 | |
5001 | E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.256 E F0 1.755 | |
5002 | (is lo)4.256 F 1.755 | |
5003 | (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F | |
5004 | (uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q | |
5005 | (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q | |
5006 | (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 | |
5007 | (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
5008 | (undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 | |
5009 | (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 | |
5010 | -2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 | |
5011 | (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F | |
5012 | 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E | |
5013 | F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F | |
5014 | (return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 | |
5015 | (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q | |
5016 | (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 | |
5017 | (set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0 | |
5018 | (Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E | |
5019 | (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 | |
5020 | (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 | |
5021 | 348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 | |
5022 | (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
5023 | 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) | |
5024 | 144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 | |
5025 | (character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S | |
5026 | .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) | |
5027 | .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 | |
5028 | (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 | |
5029 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) | |
5030 | 144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q | |
5031 | (ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 | |
5032 | (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G | |
5033 | 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 | |
5034 | (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E | |
5035 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5036 | (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 | |
5037 | (insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 444 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 456 S .48 | |
5038 | (thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 | |
5039 | (alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) | |
5040 | 2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 468 Q .098 | |
5041 | (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 | |
5042 | (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E | |
5043 | .321(the characters at the be)144 480 R .321 | |
5044 | (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
5045 | (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) | |
5046 | -.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 492 R F1 | |
5047 | (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 | |
5048 | (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 | |
5049 | (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 504 R 1.468 | |
5050 | (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F | |
5051 | 1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 516 Q F0 .84 | |
5052 | (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 | |
5053 | (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F | |
5054 | (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 528 Q -.15 | |
5055 | (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5056 | (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 540 Q | |
5057 | (ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 552 R .791 | |
5058 | (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 | |
5059 | (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 564 | |
5060 | R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ | |
5061 | ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 576 Q | |
5062 | (ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 588 R .372 | |
5063 | (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 | |
5064 | (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 | |
5065 | (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 600 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 | |
5066 | (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 | |
5067 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) | |
5068 | 144 612 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) | |
5069 | 108 624 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 636 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F | |
5070 | .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 | |
5071 | (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F | |
5072 | .872(the line is redra)144 648 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G | |
5073 | .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 | |
5074 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 | |
5075 | (ex)144 660 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 672 Q F0 .627 | |
5076 | (Print all of the functions and their k)144 684 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H | |
5077 | .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) | |
5078 | 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
5079 | (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 696 Q | |
5080 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 | |
5081 | (\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(43)190.95 | |
5082 | E 0 Cg EP | |
5083 | %%Page: 44 44 | |
5084 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5085 | BP | |
5086 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5087 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5088 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 1.799 | |
5089 | (Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R 1.799 | |
5090 | (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) | |
5091 | -.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 108 R .304 | |
5092 | (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 | |
5093 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) | |
5094 | 144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132 Q(os)-.18 E | |
5095 | F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 | |
5096 | (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G | |
5097 | 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 156 Q | |
5098 | .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 | |
5099 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 | |
5100 | (\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q | |
5101 | (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q | |
5102 | (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E | |
5103 | F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 | |
5104 | 220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 | |
5105 | (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F | |
5106 | F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 | |
5107 | (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
5108 | 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 | |
5109 | F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) | |
5110 | -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 | |
5111 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333 | |
5112 | (First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .334 | |
5113 | (If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is) | |
5114 | 5.333 F .587 | |
5115 | (used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 273.6 R | |
5116 | 3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586 | |
5117 | (ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18 | |
5118 | (compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 285.6 R | |
5119 | 1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F | |
5120 | (attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 297.6 Q | |
5121 | (wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\ | |
5122 | is used to generate the list of matching w)108 314.4 R 3.317(ords. If) | |
5123 | -.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 | |
5124 | 326.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 | |
5125 | -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E | |
5126 | .463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 343.2 | |
5127 | R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F | |
5128 | .464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 355.2 R .596 | |
5129 | (When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 | |
5130 | (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F | |
5131 | (shell v)108 367.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 | |
5132 | (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 384 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G | |
5133 | .085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 | |
5134 | (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>2.585 E F0 .085 | |
5135 | (option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G | |
5136 | (rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 396 R | |
5137 | .844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0 | |
5138 | .843(shell v)3.093 F .843(ariable is)-.25 F | |
5139 | (not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 408 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE) | |
5140 | 2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .32 | |
5141 | (xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1 | |
5142 | <ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 | |
5143 | (The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) | |
5144 | 108 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 | |
5145 | (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F | |
5146 | .412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 | |
5147 | (using brace e)108 448.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 | |
5148 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 | |
5149 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 | |
5150 | 460.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H | |
5151 | (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
5152 | 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 | |
5153 | 472.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 | |
5154 | (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 | |
5155 | (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 | |
5156 | (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 484.8 Q | |
5157 | (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 | |
5158 | (After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 | |
5159 | (een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 | |
5160 | (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E | |
5161 | F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 513.6 R -.2 | |
5162 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 | |
5163 | (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 | |
5164 | (d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 | |
5165 | (COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 | |
5166 | (va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 | |
5167 | (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 | |
5168 | (Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 | |
5169 | 537.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
5170 | .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 | |
5171 | (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 | |
5172 | (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 | |
5173 | (the function or command is in)108 549.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 | |
5174 | (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) | |
5175 | -.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 | |
5176 | 561.6 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 | |
5177 | (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F | |
5178 | .073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 573.6 R .607 | |
5179 | (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 | |
5180 | (No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 585.6 Q .093 | |
5181 | (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ | |
5182 | or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 | |
5183 | 597.6 Q(An)108 614.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) | |
5184 | -2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
5185 | 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F | |
5186 | 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 | |
5187 | (acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 626.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 | |
5188 | (bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 | |
5189 | (og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 | |
5190 | (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 | |
5191 | 638.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 655.2 Q .081 | |
5192 | (xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F | |
5193 | F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
5194 | 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 | |
5195 | (ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 | |
5196 | (stitution. It)108 667.2 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ | |
5197 | per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) | |
5198 | 5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 679.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E | |
5199 | .377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 696 R | |
5200 | 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 | |
5201 | E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 708 R | |
5202 | .681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 | |
5203 | (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 | |
5204 | (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 | |
5205 | (the w)108 720 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G | |
5206 | (iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 | |
5207 | (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) | |
5208 | -.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
5209 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5210 | %%Page: 45 45 | |
5211 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5212 | BP | |
5213 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5214 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5215 | -.35 E .849(attempting a match.)108 84 R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 | |
5216 | (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
5217 | 3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E/F1 | |
5218 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 96 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G | |
5219 | (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
5220 | (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
5221 | (d.).15 E(Finally)108 112.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H | |
5222 | .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 | |
5223 | <ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 | |
5224 | (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ | |
5225 | the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ | |
5226 | possible completions.)108 124.8 Q .246(If the pre)108 141.6 R .247 | |
5227 | (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 | |
5228 | (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 | |
5229 | (option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 153.6 Q F0 | |
5230 | (when the compspec w)2.5 E | |
5231 | (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 | |
5232 | (If the)108 170.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) | |
5233 | 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 | |
5234 | (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 | |
5235 | F(pletion is attempted and an)108 182.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G | |
5236 | (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 | |
5237 | (By def)108 199.2 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 | |
5238 | (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 | |
5239 | (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F | |
5240 | .632(of possible completions.)108 211.2 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 | |
5241 | E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 | |
5242 | (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 | |
5243 | (ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 223.2 R | |
5244 | .558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) | |
5245 | 3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 | |
5246 | (when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 235.2 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 | |
5247 | (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 | |
5248 | (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) | |
5249 | -.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 247.2 Q F0 1.207 | |
5250 | (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 | |
5251 | 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F | |
5252 | 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F | |
5253 | (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 | |
5254 | 259.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) | |
5255 | 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ | |
5256 | desired, the programmable completion func-)108 276 R .632(tions force r\ | |
5257 | eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ | |
5258 | o directories, subject)108 288 R 2.762(to the v)108 300 R 2.762 | |
5259 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 | |
5260 | (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 | |
5261 | (rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 312 Q | |
5262 | (ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E/F2 | |
5263 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 328.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 | |
5264 | (When the)108 340.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 | |
5265 | (option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 | |
5266 | (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 | |
5267 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .032 | |
5268 | (the list of commands pre)108 352.8 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 | |
5269 | (The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) | |
5270 | 2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 | |
5271 | (mands to sa)108 364.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 | |
5272 | (istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 | |
5273 | 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43 | |
5274 | (ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E | |
5275 | .287(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v) | |
5276 | 108 376.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP) | |
5277 | 2.787 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 | |
5278 | 388.8 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 | |
5279 | (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 | |
5280 | (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 | |
5281 | (and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 400.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) | |
5282 | A F0 .082 | |
5283 | (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) | |
5284 | 108 417.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 | |
5285 | E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 | |
5286 | 429.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 | |
5287 | (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G | |
5288 | .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 | |
5289 | (lines speci\214ed by the v)108 441.6 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 | |
5290 | (HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F5(.)A F0 .532 | |
5291 | (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 | |
5292 | (ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 | |
5293 | 453.6 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ | |
5294 | for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 465.6 R .053 | |
5295 | (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F | |
5296 | .052(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) | |
5297 | 108 477.6 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 | |
5298 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 | |
5299 | ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) | |
5300 | 4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 489.6 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 | |
5301 | (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 | |
5302 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 | |
5303 | E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E | |
5304 | (COMMANDS)108 501.6 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ | |
5305 | to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) | |
5306 | -.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 513.6 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ | |
5307 | et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.364 | |
5308 | F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.613 G 1.113 | |
5309 | (riable is set, time).225 F 1.251 | |
5310 | (stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 525.6 R(ed)-.09 E F0 | |
5311 | 1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.752(,s)-.4 G 3.752 | |
5312 | (ot)-3.752 G(he)-3.752 E 3.752(ym)-.15 G 1.252(ay be preserv)-3.752 F | |
5313 | (ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 537.6 R .105(This uses the h\ | |
5314 | istory comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history) | |
5315 | 5.105 F 2.604(lines. After)108 549.6 R(sa)2.604 E .104(ving the history) | |
5316 | -.2 F 2.604(,t)-.65 G .104 | |
5317 | (he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F4 | |
5318 | (HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 | |
5319 | 561.6 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b) | |
5320 | 108 578.4 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F4 | |
5321 | 1.293(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) | |
5322 | 3.543 E 1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) | |
5323 | 108 590.4 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E | |
5324 | F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 | |
5325 | (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 | |
5326 | (and manipulate the history \214le.)108 602.4 R .279 | |
5327 | (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) | |
5328 | -.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 614.4 Q | |
5329 | (vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 631.2 | |
5330 | R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 | |
5331 | (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) | |
5332 | -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 | |
5333 | E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G | |
5334 | .458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) | |
5335 | -.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 | |
5336 | (cmdhist)108 655.2 Q F0 .75 | |
5337 | (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 | |
5338 | -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 | |
5339 | (the same history entry)108 667.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 | |
5340 | (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G | |
5341 | 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 | |
5342 | .373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 679.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 | |
5343 | H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 | |
5344 | (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 | |
5345 | (description of the)108 691.2 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 | |
5346 | (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F | |
5347 | (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 | |
5348 | (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 | |
5349 | 703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg | |
5350 | EP | |
5351 | %%Page: 46 46 | |
5352 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5353 | BP | |
5354 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5355 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5356 | -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G | |
5357 | (XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 96 | |
5358 | R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 | |
5359 | (xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611 | |
5360 | (This section)5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 108 | |
5361 | R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) | |
5362 | 3.371 F .87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87 | |
5363 | (hells, and).15 F 2.013(can be disabled using the)108 120 R F2(+H)4.514 | |
5364 | E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 | |
5365 | (iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F | |
5366 | (UIL)-.09 E 2.014(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 132 Q 2.5 | |
5367 | (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
5368 | (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
5369 | 1.306(History e)108 148.8 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ | |
5370 | ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ | |
5371 | t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 160.8 R .209(guments to a pre) | |
5372 | -.18 F .21 | |
5373 | (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 | |
5374 | F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 | |
5375 | 189.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ | |
5376 | s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 201.6 S 3.2 | |
5377 | (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 | |
5378 | (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 | |
5379 | (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) | |
5380 | 3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ | |
5381 | tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 | |
5382 | (The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4 | |
5383 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 | |
5384 | (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) | |
5385 | 3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6 | |
5386 | Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 | |
5387 | (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 | |
5388 | (line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F | |
5389 | (ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15 | |
5390 | (ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 | |
5391 | (-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 | |
5392 | (one w)108 261.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 | |
5393 | (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 | |
5394 | (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 273.6 Q | |
5395 | F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E | |
5396 | F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) | |
5397 | -2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5398 | .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 | |
5399 | (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 | |
5400 | F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 302.4 T | |
5401 | 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G | |
5402 | .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) | |
5403 | -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 | |
5404 | (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E | |
5405 | F0(will also inhibit e)108 314.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 331.2 Q -.15 | |
5406 | (ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 | |
5407 | E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 | |
5408 | (vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.259(If the)108 343.2 R F2 | |
5409 | (histv)3.759 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 | |
5410 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.759 F F2(shopt) | |
5411 | 3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.758 G | |
5412 | (adline).18 E F0 1.258(is being)3.758 F 1.497(used, history substitutio\ | |
5413 | ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R 6.498(.I) | |
5414 | -.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 | |
5415 | (reloaded into the)108 367.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 | |
5416 | (editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F | |
5417 | (If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 | |
5418 | (is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 379.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 | |
5419 | 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 | |
5420 | (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) | |
5421 | 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 391.2 S -.25(ff).2 G | |
5422 | 1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 | |
5423 | (option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 | |
5424 | (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 403.2 | |
5425 | S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 | |
5426 | E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G | |
5427 | .056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F | |
5428 | (end of the history list without actually e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5429 | (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G | |
5430 | (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 432 R 2.2 | |
5431 | (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) | |
5432 | -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 | |
5433 | 444 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) | |
5434 | .15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 | |
5435 | (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F | |
5436 | (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 456 Q F2 | |
5437 | (Ev)87 472.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5438 | (nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ | |
5439 | st.).15 E F2(!)108 501.6 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e) | |
5440 | 32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) | |
5441 | 4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607 | |
5442 | (line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 513.6 Q F2(extglob) | |
5443 | 2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
5444 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 525.6 Q F4(n)A F0 | |
5445 | (Refer to command line)27.67 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 537.6 Q | |
5446 | F4(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 | |
5447 | (.).24 E F2(!!)108 549.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) | |
5448 | -.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 561.6 Q F4 | |
5449 | (string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F4 | |
5450 | (string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 | |
5451 | (Refer to the most recent command containing)144 585.6 R F4(string)3.522 | |
5452 | E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 | |
5453 | (may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.862 E F0(is)3.742 E(follo)144 | |
5454 | 597.6 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 | |
5455 | SF(^)108 614.6 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 | |
5456 | 2.63(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R 2.629 | |
5457 | (Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F4(string1)5.469 E F0(with) | |
5458 | 5.129 E F4(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G | |
5459 | 2.629(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A | |
5460 | F4(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 | |
5461 | (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 | |
5462 | (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 | |
5463 | (Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.313 | |
5464 | (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) | |
5465 | -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 | |
5466 | (separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F | |
5467 | .53(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G | |
5468 | 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 | |
5469 | (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 | |
5470 | ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) | |
5471 | -3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 | |
5472 | (are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.3 | |
5473 | (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 | |
5474 | (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 | |
5475 | F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q | |
5476 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5477 | %%Page: 47 47 | |
5478 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5479 | BP | |
5480 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5481 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5482 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0 | |
5483 | (The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F | |
5484 | (or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10 | |
5485 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A | |
5486 | (ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That) | |
5487 | -.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0(The last ar)31 E | |
5488 | (gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 144 Q F0(The w)26 E | |
5489 | (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 | |
5490 | (x)108.77 156 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E | |
5491 | (ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E | |
5492 | F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .316(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 | |
5493 | F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) | |
5494 | -.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F | |
5495 | F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 180 Q | |
5496 | (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5497 | (nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 192 Q F0 | |
5498 | (Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 204 Q F0 | |
5499 | (Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*) | |
5500 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 220.8 | |
5501 | Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5502 | (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E | |
5503 | -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .183 | |
5504 | (After the optional w)108 249.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 | |
5505 | G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F | |
5506 | .184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) | |
5507 | 108 278.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H | |
5508 | (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 | |
5509 | (t)108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H | |
5510 | (ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) | |
5511 | 108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E | |
5512 | (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E | |
5513 | (ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) | |
5514 | -.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 326.4 | |
5515 | Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 | |
5516 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 338.4 Q F0 | |
5517 | (Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) | |
5518 | -.1 E F1(x)108 350.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 | |
5519 | E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) | |
5520 | 2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 362.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A | |
5521 | F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E | |
5522 | F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 | |
5523 | (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 | |
5524 | (yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 | |
5525 | 386.4 R .617 | |
5526 | (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) | |
5527 | 5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 | |
5528 | F .666(be quoted in)144 398.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) | |
5529 | 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 | |
5530 | (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 | |
5531 | (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E | |
5532 | F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R | |
5533 | (If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 | |
5534 | F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 | |
5535 | (fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E | |
5536 | (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 422.4 Q F2(string) | |
5537 | 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 | |
5538 | (&)108 434.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 | |
5539 | (g)108 446.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
5540 | 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) | |
5541 | .15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 | |
5542 | ('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) | |
5543 | -.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 | |
5544 | (used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 | |
5545 | (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 | |
5546 | (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 470.4 R | |
5547 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 | |
5548 | (may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0 | |
5549 | (.)A F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 | |
5550 | 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 | |
5551 | G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E | |
5552 | (TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 | |
5553 | R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ | |
5554 | receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F1<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3 | |
5555 | (to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3 | |
5556 | (xample, the)-3.95 F F1(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.8 | |
5557 | E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F1(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not) | |
5558 | .2 F(accept options.)108 547.2 Q F1(:)108 565.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A | |
5559 | (guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 577.2 R .451 | |
5560 | (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) | |
5561 | -.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F | |
5562 | 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 589.2 R | |
5563 | (zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 606 Q F2 | |
5564 | (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 | |
5565 | 618 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 | |
5566 | (])A 1.02(Read and e)144 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from) | |
5567 | .15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 | |
5568 | (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.68 | |
5569 | (status of the last command e)144 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from) | |
5570 | .15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2(\214lename)6.09 | |
5571 | E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 654 | |
5572 | R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 | |
5573 | (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 | |
5574 | E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) | |
5575 | 3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332 | |
5576 | (cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832 | |
5577 | (posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 | |
5578 | (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 | |
5579 | (\214le is found in)144 678 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 | |
5580 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 | |
5581 | E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 | |
5582 | (iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 690 | |
5583 | S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 | |
5584 | E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 | |
5585 | (yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 | |
5586 | (\214lename)144 702 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842 | |
5587 | (cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.) | |
5588 | 2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716 | |
5589 | (status of the last command e)144 714 R .716 | |
5590 | (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5591 | .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 726 Q | |
5592 | F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
5593 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5594 | %%Page: 48 48 | |
5595 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5596 | BP | |
5597 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5598 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5599 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5 | |
5600 | (][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C | |
5601 | (..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 96 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 | |
5602 | (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 | |
5603 | (option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E | |
5604 | F2(name)144 108 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F | |
5605 | .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 | |
5606 | (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) | |
5607 | 3.08 E F0(whose)144 120 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 | |
5608 | (ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) | |
5609 | 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 | |
5610 | (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 | |
5611 | (stitution when the alias is e)144 132 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 | |
5612 | (or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 | |
5613 | (gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 | |
5614 | F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 144 R 1.314 | |
5615 | (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 | |
5616 | (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F | |
5617 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E | |
5618 | (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 156 Q F1(bg)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 | |
5619 | E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 184.8 R | |
5620 | F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 | |
5621 | (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E | |
5622 | F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 196.8 Q F0 .672 | |
5623 | (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) | |
5624 | -3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 | |
5625 | (bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 | |
5626 | (when job control is disabled or)144 208.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 | |
5627 | (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G | |
5628 | (peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G | |
5629 | (ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 220.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 | |
5630 | E F1(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 | |
5631 | 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
5632 | <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 | |
5633 | (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
5634 | F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 261.6 Q F0 | |
5635 | ([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 | |
5636 | (\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 | |
5637 | G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 | |
5638 | (shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) | |
5639 | 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 | |
5640 | (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 297.6 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G | |
5641 | (adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 309.6 R F1 -.18(re) | |
5642 | 2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 | |
5643 | (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 | |
5644 | (equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) | |
5645 | 2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 321.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E | |
5646 | F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F | |
5647 | .476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 | |
5648 | (.inputr)144 333.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 | |
5649 | (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F | |
5650 | .483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 | |
5651 | (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 345.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 | |
5652 | E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 | |
5653 | 357.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 369.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G | |
5654 | (ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) | |
5655 | .15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E | |
5656 | F2 -.1(ke)180 381.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 | |
5657 | (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 | |
5658 | (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E | |
5659 | (vi\255command)180 393.6 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) | |
5660 | 4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
5661 | 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 | |
5662 | 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 | |
5663 | (emacs\255standar)180 405.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 417.6 Q F0 | |
5664 | (List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
5665 | (functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 | |
5666 | G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E | |
5667 | (ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 441.6 | |
5668 | Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
5669 | (function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 453.6 Q F0(Display)26.41 | |
5670 | E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G | |
5671 | 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) | |
5672 | -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 465.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G | |
5673 | (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 477.6 Q | |
5674 | F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) | |
5675 | -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G | |
5676 | (utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 489.6 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G | |
5677 | (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E | |
5678 | (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
5679 | (an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 501.6 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 | |
5680 | -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E | |
5681 | (alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 513.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 | |
5682 | 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
5683 | F1<ad71>144 537.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 549.6 Q | |
5684 | -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H | |
5685 | (he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 561.6 Q F2(function) | |
5686 | 2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 573.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G | |
5687 | (ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 585.6 Q | |
5688 | F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 597.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 | |
5689 | -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 | |
5690 | (.)A F1<ad78>144 609.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 | |
5691 | (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 | |
5692 | 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) | |
5693 | -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F | |
5694 | (When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 633.6 Q F0 1.113(is e) | |
5695 | 3.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.113(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 | |
5696 | (READLINE_LINE)3.613 E F0 -.25(va)3.613 G 1.113 | |
5697 | (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 645.6 S(adline).18 E | |
5698 | F0 .586(line b)3.086 F(uf)-.2 E .586(fer and the)-.25 F F1 | |
5699 | (READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .587 | |
5700 | (riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.241(insertion point.)180 | |
5701 | 657.6 R 1.241(If the e)6.241 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.241 | |
5702 | (cuted command changes the v).15 F 1.241(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
5703 | (READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.74 E F1(READLINE_POINT)180 669.6 Q F0 2.5 | |
5704 | (,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G | |
5705 | (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) | |
5706 | 144 686.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 | |
5707 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 | |
5708 | E F1(br)108 703.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 | |
5709 | (Exit from within a)144 715.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 | |
5710 | (while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 | |
5711 | (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 | |
5712 | (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5713 | (ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 | |
5714 | E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 727.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ | |
5715 | number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 | |
5716 | (xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 | |
5717 | Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5718 | %%Page: 49 49 | |
5719 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5720 | BP | |
5721 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5722 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5723 | -.35 E(is 0 unless)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0 | |
5724 | (is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu) | |
5725 | 108 100.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
5726 | (ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 112.8 Q .792 | |
5727 | (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 | |
5728 | (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 | |
5729 | F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 | |
5730 | (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 | |
5731 | 124.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 | |
5732 | 136.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 | |
5733 | -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E | |
5734 | 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 148.8 Q(alse if)-.1 | |
5735 | E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E | |
5736 | (uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) | |
5737 | .2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 177.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F | |
5738 | 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 | |
5739 | (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5740 | .254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 189.6 Q | |
5741 | (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 | |
5742 | (ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 | |
5743 | (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F | |
5744 | .254(subroutine call.)144 201.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 | |
5745 | G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 | |
5746 | F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 | |
5747 | (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ | |
5748 | tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ | |
5749 | ent e)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 | |
5750 | (This e)144 225.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 | |
5751 | (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E | |
5752 | 3.019(0. The)144 237.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 | |
5753 | (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 | |
5754 | (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 | |
5755 | (does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 249.6 Q | |
5756 | (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
5757 | (\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 | |
5758 | (Change the current directory to)144 278.4 R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C | |
5759 | .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21 | |
5760 | (is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v) | |
5761 | -5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 | |
5762 | (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 290.4 R F1 | |
5763 | (dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H | |
5764 | .777(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 | |
5765 | .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 302.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 | |
5766 | (ull directory name in)-3.264 F F3(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E | |
5767 | F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 314.4 Q 2.973 | |
5768 | (,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) | |
5769 | .74 G(f)-5.473 E F1(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 | |
5770 | (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) | |
5771 | .855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F2<ad50>2.974 E F0 .474 | |
5772 | (option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 326.4 R .58 | |
5773 | (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 | |
5774 | (wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F2<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579 | |
5775 | (option to the)3.079 F F2(set)144 338.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 | |
5776 | (iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884 | |
5777 | (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F | |
5778 | (ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 | |
5779 | 350.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F3($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F4 9 | |
5780 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .063(If a non-empty directory name from)4.563 F | |
5781 | F2(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .062(is used, or if)2.562 F F2 | |
5782 | <ad>2.562 E F0 .062(is the \214rst)2.562 F(ar)144 362.4 Q .116(gument, \ | |
5783 | and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne) | |
5784 | -.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 | |
5785 | (tory is written to the standard output.)144 374.4 R 1.164(The return v) | |
5786 | 6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 | |
5787 | (as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 386.4 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 | |
5788 | (command)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0 | |
5789 | ([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 415.2 Q F1(command)2.956 | |
5790 | E F0(with)3.527 E F1(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 | |
5791 | (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 | |
5792 | (uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 427.2 R F3 | |
5793 | -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 | |
5794 | (cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 | |
5795 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E F0(is) | |
5796 | 3.771 E .231(performed using a def)144 439.2 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231 | |
5797 | (alue for)-.25 F F2 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 | |
5798 | (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If) | |
5799 | 5.232 E .175(either the)144 451.2 R F2<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 | |
5800 | <ad76>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1 | |
5801 | (command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F2<ad76>2.674 E | |
5802 | F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 463.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F | |
5803 | .61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) | |
5804 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F | |
5805 | F2<ad56>144 475.2 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 | |
5806 | (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) | |
5807 | 2.749 E F2<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 | |
5808 | (xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 487.2 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 | |
5809 | (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 | |
5810 | (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 | |
5811 | (command)144.2 499.2 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 | |
5812 | (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 | |
5813 | (xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 511.2 S | |
5814 | (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 | |
5815 | (compgen)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) | |
5816 | -.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 540 R F1 | |
5817 | (wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 E | |
5818 | F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 | |
5819 | (accepted by the)144 552 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 | |
5820 | (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) | |
5821 | 3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) | |
5822 | -3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 564 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F | |
5823 | F2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) | |
5824 | 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 | |
5825 | F(grammable completion f)144 576 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 | |
5826 | G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 | |
5827 | E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 600 R .352 | |
5828 | (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ | |
5829 | em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 | |
5830 | 612 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 | |
5831 | F(those completions matching)144 624 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
5832 | (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 648 Q | |
5833 | (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G | |
5834 | (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 | |
5835 | (complete)108 664.8 Q F0([)3.034 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.034(][)C | |
5836 | F2<ad6f>-3.034 E F1(comp-option)3.034 E F0 3.034(][)C F2<ad45>-3.034 E | |
5837 | F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad41>-3.033 E F1(action)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad47> | |
5838 | -3.033 E F1(globpat)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad57>-3.033 E F1(wor)3.033 | |
5839 | E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.033(][)C F2<ad46>-3.033 E F1(function)3.033 E F0(])A | |
5840 | ([)108 676.8 Q F2<ad43>A F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 688.8 Q F2<ad58>A | |
5841 | F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 | |
5842 | E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 | |
5843 | E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 700.8 Q F0([) | |
5844 | 2.5 E F2<ad45>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634 | |
5845 | (Specify ho)144 712.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 | |
5846 | (uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 | |
5847 | F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 | |
5848 | (option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 | |
5849 | 724.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 | |
5850 | F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
5851 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5852 | %%Page: 50 50 | |
5853 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5854 | BP | |
5855 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5856 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5857 | -.35 E .31(reused as input.)144 84 R(The)5.31 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
5858 | <ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 | |
5859 | (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
5860 | (name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E | |
5861 | F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.392 | |
5862 | (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 96 R(The)6.392 E F1 | |
5863 | <ad45>3.892 E F0 1.393(option indicates that the remaining options)3.893 | |
5864 | F 1.304(and actions should apply to `)144 108 R(`empty')-.74 E 3.804('c) | |
5865 | -.74 G 1.304(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a) | |
5866 | -3.804 F(blank line.)144 120 Q 1.437 | |
5867 | (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 | |
5868 | 144 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 156 Q | |
5869 | .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E | |
5870 | F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180 R .856 -.15(ve t) | |
5871 | -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F | |
5872 | .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 | |
5873 | 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 | |
5874 | (options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 | |
5875 | <ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 | |
5876 | (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
5877 | (sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
5878 | (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2 | |
5879 | (comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 | |
5880 | (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') | |
5881 | .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 | |
5882 | (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2 | |
5883 | (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0 | |
5884 | .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 | |
5885 | .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q | |
5886 | F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) | |
5887 | -5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) | |
5888 | -.1 F(matches.)224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ | |
5889 | tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1 | |
5890 | (\214lenames)184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the co\ | |
5891 | mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 | |
5892 | G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634 | |
5893 | (ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F | |
5894 | .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45 | |
5895 | (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(nospace) | |
5896 | 184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 | |
5897 | (ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F | |
5898 | .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 408 Q F1(plusdirs) | |
5899 | 184 420 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 | |
5900 | (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F | |
5901 | .584(completion is attempted and an)224 432 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 | |
5902 | (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 444 | |
5903 | Q F1<ad41>144 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 468 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 | |
5904 | (may be one of the follo)2.5 E | |
5905 | (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 | |
5906 | 480 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5 | |
5907 | E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 492 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 504 Q | |
5908 | (ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 516 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G | |
5909 | 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 528 S(iltin).2 E F0 | |
5910 | (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E | |
5911 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 540 | |
5912 | Q F0(Command names.)224 552 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 | |
5913 | E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 564 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 576 Q | |
5914 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 588 | |
5915 | Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 600 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 | |
5916 | 612 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 | |
5917 | 624 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) | |
5918 | -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 | |
5919 | 636 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 | |
5920 | E F0(.)A F1(function)184 648 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 660 Q F1 | |
5921 | (gr)184 672 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E | |
5922 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 | |
5923 | 684 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 696 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
5924 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(50) | |
5925 | 190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
5926 | %%Page: 51 51 | |
5927 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5928 | BP | |
5929 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5930 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
5931 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hostname)184 84 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 | |
5932 | 96 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
5933 | (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 108 Q F0 | |
5934 | (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G | |
5935 | (ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S | |
5936 | (yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 132 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) | |
5937 | -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 | |
5938 | 144 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve) | |
5939 | -.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 156 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E | |
5940 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 168 Q | |
5941 | F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E | |
5942 | F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 | |
5943 | (shopt)184 180 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1 | |
5944 | (shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 192 Q F0 | |
5945 | (Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 204 Q F0 | |
5946 | (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.) | |
5947 | .15 E F1(user)184 216 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E | |
5948 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 228 S | |
5949 | (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F | |
5950 | (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 240 Q/F3 | |
5951 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 252 R | |
5952 | 1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F | |
5953 | 1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 264 Q | |
5954 | F1<ad57>144 276 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 288 Q F3(wor)3.64 | |
5955 | E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2 | |
5956 | (IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) | |
5957 | -.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 300 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 | |
5958 | (xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) | |
5959 | 4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.) | |
5960 | -.1 E F1<ad43>144 324 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 336 Q F0 1.056 | |
5961 | (is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 | |
5962 | (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) | |
5963 | 184 348 Q F1<ad46>144 360 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 | |
5964 | (The shell function)184 372 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F | |
5965 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 | |
5966 | (vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 | |
5967 | (ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5968 | 3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 | |
5969 | (COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 396 S(riable.) | |
5970 | .25 E F1<ad58>144 408 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 | |
5971 | .733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.233 F 3.233(xpansion. It) | |
5972 | -.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596 | |
5973 | (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 | |
5974 | (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F3(\214lterpat) | |
5975 | 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 | |
5976 | (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 | |
5977 | (in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 | |
5978 | (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
5979 | (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E | |
5980 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 468 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) | |
5981 | 184 480 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 | |
5982 | (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F | |
5983 | -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 492 Q F1<ad53>144 504 Q F3(suf)2.5 E | |
5984 | 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 | |
5985 | (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 | |
5986 | E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 520.8 R | |
5987 | .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 | |
5988 | (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 | |
5989 | (or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 | |
5990 | (plied without a)144 532.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 | |
5991 | (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H | |
5992 | 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 544.8 Q F0 | |
5993 | (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E | |
5994 | (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E | |
5995 | F1(compopt)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
5996 | F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 | |
5997 | (Modify completion options for each)144 573.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447 | |
5998 | (according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447 | |
5999 | (s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 | |
6000 | (completion if no)144 585.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 | |
6001 | (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) | |
6002 | C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 | |
6003 | (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 597.6 Q F3(name) | |
6004 | 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) | |
6005 | 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 | |
6006 | F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 609.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) | |
6007 | 2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v) | |
6008 | 108 626.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327 | |
6009 | (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) | |
6010 | .25 F F3(name)108 638.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e) | |
6011 | 2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 655.2 Q | |
6012 | F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 667.2 R 1.753 | |
6013 | (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A | |
6014 | F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 | |
6015 | (select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F3(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 | |
6016 | (is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 679.2 R F3(n)3.709 E F0 | |
6017 | 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F3(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 | |
6018 | /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F3(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 | |
6019 | (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 | |
6020 | (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 691.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 | |
6021 | (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 | |
6022 | (The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F3(n)3.014 E F0(is) | |
6023 | 3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 | |
6024 | Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6025 | %%Page: 52 52 | |
6026 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6027 | BP | |
6028 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6029 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6030 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
6031 | (\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 | |
6032 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E | |
6033 | F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70> | |
6034 | -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) | |
6035 | -2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 | |
6036 | -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E | |
6037 | F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764 | |
6038 | (nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25 | |
6039 | (va)144 120 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 | |
6040 | (option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 | |
6041 | (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 | |
6042 | <ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 | |
6043 | (ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) | |
6044 | 6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) | |
6045 | 3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) | |
6046 | 144 144 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 | |
6047 | (ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 | |
6048 | (utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 156 R .047 | |
6049 | (If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1 | |
6050 | (declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 | |
6051 | (utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.862 | |
6052 | (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.862 E F0 1.363 | |
6053 | (option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 | |
6054 | E F1<ad46>3.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ | |
6055 | \214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.422(utes are) | |
6056 | -.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb)2.663 E(ug)-.2 E | |
6057 | F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 | |
6058 | (,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 | |
6059 | (where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 204 R(The) | |
6060 | 6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>3.882 E | |
6061 | F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .793 | |
6062 | (options can be used to restrict output to v)144 216 R .794 | |
6063 | (ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F | |
6064 | 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 228 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 | |
6065 | <ad61>144 240 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 | |
6066 | (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 | |
6067 | E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 252 Q F0(Each)23.08 | |
6068 | E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 | |
6069 | E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) | |
6070 | .15 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 | |
6071 | <ad69>144 276 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 | |
6072 | (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 | |
6073 | (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 | |
6074 | (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 288 Q F0 | |
6075 | (is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) | |
6076 | -.25 E F1<ad6c>144 300 Q F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909 | |
6077 | (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 | |
6078 | (-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) | |
6079 | -.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 312 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E | |
6080 | (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 | |
6081 | (name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 | |
6082 | (hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 | |
6083 | (alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 336 Q F1 | |
6084 | <ad74>144 348 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) | |
6085 | 2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 | |
6086 | (ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) | |
6087 | -.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) | |
6088 | 180 360 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E | |
6089 | (ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 372 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 | |
6090 | (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 | |
6091 | (-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F | |
6092 | (-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 384 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E | |
6093 | (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 396 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E | |
6094 | F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E | |
6095 | (vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 412.8 R | |
6096 | 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F | |
6097 | .121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F | |
6098 | 1.237(to destro)144 424.8 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 | |
6099 | (rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F | |
6100 | (emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib) | |
6101 | -.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.236(used in a)3.737 F .311(function, mak) | |
6102 | 144 436.8 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 | |
6103 | (local, as with the local)2.811 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) | |
6104 | 2.811 G .312(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .312(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 | |
6105 | 448.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) | |
6106 | -.25 F .739(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 | |
6107 | (he return v)-5.738 F .738(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G | |
6108 | .738(lid option is).25 F .603 | |
6109 | (encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 460.8 | |
6110 | R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) | |
6111 | -3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 472.8 R | |
6112 | 1.243(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 | |
6113 | (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242 | |
6114 | (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 | |
6115 | (without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 | |
6116 | (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F | |
6117 | F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .172 | |
6118 | (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 | |
6119 | F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 | |
6120 | (ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) | |
6121 | -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 | |
6122 | (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q | |
6123 | (xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 537.6 | |
6124 | Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 | |
6125 | -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .329 | |
6126 | (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) | |
6127 | .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 | |
6128 | (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 | |
6129 | (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q | |
6130 | F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
6131 | 2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0 | |
6132 | 1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 | |
6133 | (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 | |
6134 | (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E | |
6135 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 597.6 Q F1<ad>144 609.6 Q F2 | |
6136 | (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 | |
6137 | (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F | |
6138 | F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E | |
6139 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 621.6 Q F1<ad63>144 633.6 Q F0 | |
6140 | (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 | |
6141 | <ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F | |
6142 | .324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F | |
6143 | (tory)180 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 669.6 Q F0 | |
6144 | (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144 | |
6145 | 681.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ | |
6146 | \214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 | |
6147 | G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 693.6 Q .258(The return v)144 710.4 R .258 | |
6148 | (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 | |
6149 | (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) | |
6150 | -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) | |
6151 | .15 F(tory stack.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
6152 | 140.96 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6153 | %%Page: 53 53 | |
6154 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6155 | BP | |
6156 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6157 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6158 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
6159 | (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
6160 | (jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .295(thout options, each) | |
6161 | .4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df) | |
6162 | .15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795 | |
6163 | (obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .244 | |
6164 | (and neither)144 108 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell') | |
6165 | 2.744 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243 | |
6166 | (ent job)-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .243(If the \255h option)5.243 | |
6167 | F .333(is gi)144 120 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E | |
6168 | F0 .334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334 | |
6169 | (rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F | |
6170 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .334(is not sent to)2.584 F 1.19 | |
6171 | (the job if the shell recei)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3 | |
6172 | (SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec) | |
6173 | 5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F1<ad61>3.689 E F0 | |
6174 | 1.189(nor the)3.689 F F1<ad72>3.689 E F0 1.569(option is supplied, the) | |
6175 | 144 144 R F2(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 F | |
6176 | 1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.57(is supplied, the)4.38 F | |
6177 | F1<ad61>4.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 156 Q .904 -.15 | |
6178 | (ve o)-.15 H 3.104(rm).15 G .604(ark all jobs; the)-3.104 F F1<ad72> | |
6179 | 3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.413 | |
6180 | E .603(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 | |
6181 | 168 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 | |
6182 | (does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 184.8 Q | |
6183 | F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E | |
6184 | .394(Output the)144 196.8 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 | |
6185 | (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 | |
6186 | (wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 | |
6187 | (ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F1<ad6e>2.895 E F0 .549 | |
6188 | (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 208.8 R .548(wline is suppressed.) | |
6189 | -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F | |
6190 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 220.8 Q | |
6191 | .052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 | |
6192 | <ad45>2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 | |
6193 | F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G | |
6194 | 4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 | |
6195 | (re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 | |
6196 | E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 | |
6197 | (option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 244.8 R | |
6198 | F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 | |
6199 | F .66(by def)144 256.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 | |
6200 | (does not interpret)3.16 F F1<adad>3.16 E F0 .659 | |
6201 | (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 | |
6202 | (interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 268.8 Q | |
6203 | F1(\\a)144 280.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 292.8 Q F0 | |
6204 | (backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 304.8 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E | |
6205 | F1(\\e)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0 | |
6206 | (form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) | |
6207 | -2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 364.8 Q | |
6208 | F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G | |
6209 | (rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 | |
6210 | 400.8 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E | |
6211 | (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
6212 | (\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
6213 | (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
6214 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
6215 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E | |
6216 | F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2 | |
6217 | (\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277 | |
6218 | (Enable and disable b)144 441.6 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 | |
6219 | (Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 | |
6220 | (ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 | |
6221 | 453.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 | |
6222 | (cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333 | |
6223 | (nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 | |
6224 | 465.6 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e> | |
6225 | 3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F | |
6226 | 1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 477.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 | |
6227 | (are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582 | |
6228 | (xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582 | |
6229 | (binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08 | |
6230 | (instead of the shell b)144 489.6 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) | |
6231 | -.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he) | |
6232 | -5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w) | |
6233 | -.25 E -.2(bu)144 501.6 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 | |
6234 | 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G | |
6235 | 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F | |
6236 | (The)144 513.6 Q F1<ad64>2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F | |
6237 | .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 | |
6238 | 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E | |
6239 | .367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) | |
6240 | 144 525.6 R F1<ad70>2.899 E F0 .399 | |
6241 | (option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.) | |
6242 | -.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the) | |
6243 | -.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 537.6 R 2.598 | |
6244 | (uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b) | |
6245 | 2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 | |
6246 | 1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 549.6 R 1.916 | |
6247 | (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 | |
6248 | (enabled. If)144 561.6 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 | |
6249 | (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) | |
6250 | 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F | |
6251 | (alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 573.6 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 | |
6252 | (is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) | |
6253 | -.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 | |
6254 | 585.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 602.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 | |
6255 | E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 614.4 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 | |
6256 | (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 | |
6257 | (This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
6258 | .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 | |
6259 | (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 | |
6260 | (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) | |
6261 | -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 638.4 Q | |
6262 | (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 | |
6263 | (exec)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 | |
6264 | (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) | |
6265 | -.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 667.2 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 | |
6266 | (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 | |
6267 | (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E | |
6268 | (guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 679.2 R .177 | |
6269 | (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G | |
6270 | (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 | |
6271 | (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 | |
6272 | (ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 691.2 R .499(gument passed to) | |
6273 | -.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 | |
6274 | (lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 | |
6275 | .5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 703.2 Q F0 .639(to be e) | |
6276 | 3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 | |
6277 | (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 | |
6278 | (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) | |
6279 | 3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 715.2 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 | |
6280 | (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 | |
6281 | 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) | |
6282 | .15 F(non-interacti)144 727.2 Q 2.002 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.702(hell e).15 | |
6283 | F 1.702(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)4.201 E F0 | |
6284 | 1.701(is enabled, in which case it returns)4.201 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
6285 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6286 | %%Page: 54 54 | |
6287 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6288 | BP | |
6289 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6290 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6291 | -.35 E -.1(fa)144 84 S 2.563(ilure. An).1 F(interacti)2.563 E .363 -.15 | |
6292 | (ve s)-.25 H .063(hell returns f).15 F .064 | |
6293 | (ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.564(cuted. If) | |
6294 | .15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.764 E F0 .064(is not speci-) | |
6295 | 3.334 F .742(\214ed, an)144 96 R 3.242(yr)-.15 G .742(edirections tak) | |
6296 | -3.242 F 3.242(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.242 G .742 | |
6297 | (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .741 | |
6298 | (If there is a redi-)5.741 F(rection error)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G | |
6299 | (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)108 124.8 Q F0 | |
6300 | ([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095 | |
6301 | (xit with a status of)-.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n) | |
6302 | 2.955 E F0 .096(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096 | |
6303 | (xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 136.8 S 2.5 | |
6304 | (cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e) | |
6305 | 2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2 | |
6306 | (export)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 | |
6307 | E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 165.6 Q F0 | |
6308 | .257(The supplied)144 177.6 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F | |
6309 | .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 | |
6310 | (vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 | |
6311 | (commands. If)144 189.6 R(the)2.626 E F2<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 | |
6312 | (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F1(names)2.987 E | |
6313 | F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E | |
6314 | F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70> | |
6315 | 144 201.6 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) | |
6316 | 3.16 F .659(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F2 | |
6317 | <ad6e>3.159 E F0(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 213.6 R 1.586 | |
6318 | (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 | |
6319 | (rom each)-4.086 F F1(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G | |
6320 | 1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 225.6 Q | |
6321 | F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) | |
6322 | -.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 | |
6323 | (export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 | |
6324 | (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 | |
6325 | (option is encountered, one of the)144 237.6 R F1(names)2.793 E F0 .293 | |
6326 | (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 | |
6327 | F F2<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F1(name)144.36 | |
6328 | 249.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2(fc)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E | |
6329 | F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
6330 | <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 | |
6331 | 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
6332 | (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 290.4 R .478 | |
6333 | (In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F1<8c72>4.888 E | |
6334 | (st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .477 | |
6335 | (is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 302.4 R F1 -.45 | |
6336 | (Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F1(last)3.471 E F0 .882 | |
6337 | (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F | |
6338 | .882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 | |
6339 | 314.4 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F | |
6340 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) | |
6341 | .15 F(of)144 326.4 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F | |
6342 | (If)5.276 E F1(last)2.866 E F0 .277 | |
6343 | (is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 | |
6344 | (for listing \(so that)144 338.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 | |
6345 | (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) | |
6346 | 2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72> | |
6347 | 4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F | |
6348 | (speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 350.4 Q | |
6349 | (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 374.4 | |
6350 | Q F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 | |
6351 | (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E | |
6352 | F2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 | |
6353 | (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 386.4 R .438(If the) | |
6354 | 5.438 F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 | |
6355 | (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E | |
6356 | .334(the editor gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E | |
6357 | F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 | |
6358 | (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 | |
6359 | F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6360 | (n,).15 E .631(the v)144 410.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 | |
6361 | E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) | |
6362 | -.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 | |
6363 | (is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 422.4 R .95 | |
6364 | (ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 | |
6365 | (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F | |
6366 | -.15(exe)144 434.4 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 458.4 R F1 | |
6367 | (command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 | |
6368 | (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 | |
6369 | (is replaced by)2.539 F F1 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) | |
6370 | -2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 470.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') | |
6371 | 2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 | |
6372 | 6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F | |
6373 | .407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 482.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 | |
6374 | E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 | |
6375 | (If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 506.4 R .142 | |
6376 | (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 | |
6377 | (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 | |
6378 | E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 518.4 | |
6379 | R .454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 | |
6380 | (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 | |
6381 | (alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 | |
6382 | (cuted or f).15 F .787 | |
6383 | (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F | |
6384 | .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 | |
6385 | (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 | |
6386 | 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 | |
6387 | (does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 554.4 Q | |
6388 | (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E | |
6389 | (ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) | |
6390 | 144 583.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 | |
6391 | (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 | |
6392 | (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 | |
6393 | 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 595.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G | |
6394 | .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 | |
6395 | (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 | |
6396 | (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 607.2 Q | |
6397 | .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 | |
6398 | (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 | |
6399 | (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 619.2 Q | |
6400 | F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) | |
6401 | 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 | |
6402 | (as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 636 Q F1 | |
6403 | (optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 | |
6404 | 648 Q F0 .793 | |
6405 | (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 | |
6406 | (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 | |
6407 | (characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 660 R .15 | |
6408 | (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 | |
6409 | -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 672 Q .579 | |
6410 | (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 | |
6411 | (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 | |
6412 | (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 684 R 1.665 | |
6413 | (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) | |
6414 | 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 | |
6415 | (option in the shell v)144 696 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 | |
6416 | (,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) | |
6417 | 3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G | |
6418 | .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 708 Q .085 | |
6419 | (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 | |
6420 | E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 | |
6421 | (is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 | |
6422 | (or a shell script is in)144 720 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 | |
6423 | (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 | |
6424 | (getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E | |
6425 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6426 | %%Page: 55 55 | |
6427 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6428 | BP | |
6429 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6430 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6431 | -.35 E .803(into the v)144 84 R(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) | |
6432 | 3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .803 | |
6433 | (The shell does not reset)5.303 F F1(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 | |
6434 | (automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 | |
6435 | (reset between multiple calls to)144 96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) | |
6436 | 2.793 E F0 .293(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293 | |
6437 | (cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F | |
6438 | (is to be used.)144 108 Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,) | |
6439 | 144 132 R F3(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043 | |
6440 | (its with a return v).15 F 2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3 | |
6441 | (OPTIND)144 144 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 | |
6442 | G(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F3(name)2.5 E F0 | |
6443 | (is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 168 Q F0 2.393 | |
6444 | (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 | |
6445 | (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 | |
6446 | (ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) | |
6447 | .27 E F3(getopts)144 180 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 | |
6448 | 204 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 | |
6449 | (ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F4(optstring) | |
6450 | 3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F4(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E | |
6451 | 1.264(reporting is used.)144 216 R 1.263 | |
6452 | (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F | |
6453 | -.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 228 | |
6454 | R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) | |
6455 | -.25 E F1(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F | |
6456 | (will be displayed, e)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 | |
6457 | G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F4(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) | |
6458 | 2.72 E .667(If an in)144 264 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) | |
6459 | .25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F4(name)3.527 E | |
6460 | F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 | |
6461 | (and unsets)144 276 R F1(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F2(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3 | |
6462 | (getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 | |
6463 | (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1(OPT)2.899 | |
6464 | E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 288 | |
6465 | Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 312 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F | |
6466 | F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3 | |
6467 | (?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F | |
6468 | F4(name)144 324 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 | |
6469 | (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F3 | |
6470 | (getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E | |
6471 | F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 336 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(OPT) | |
6472 | 2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 | |
6473 | (getopts)144 360 Q F0 .902 | |
6474 | (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) | |
6475 | 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F | |
6476 | (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 372 Q F3(hash)108 388.8 | |
6477 | Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F4(\214lename)2.5 E | |
6478 | F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) | |
6479 | 144 400.8 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F4(name)3.554 E F0 3.554(,t).18 | |
6480 | G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ | |
6481 | he directories in)-3.554 F F3($P)144 412.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 | |
6482 | .35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F3<ad70>2.85 E F0 .349 | |
6483 | (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F4 | |
6484 | (\214lename)4.759 E F0 .452 | |
6485 | (is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 424.8 R(The)5.452 E | |
6486 | F3<ad72>2.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 | |
6487 | (get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 436.8 R(The)5.593 E F3 | |
6488 | <ad64>3.093 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.093 F .592 | |
6489 | (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F4(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 | |
6490 | (If the)144 448.8 R F3<ad74>2.52 E F0 .02 | |
6491 | (option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F4(name) | |
6492 | 2.521 E F0 .021(corresponds is printed.)2.521 F .021(If multi-)5.021 F | |
6493 | (ple)144 460.8 Q F4(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 | |
6494 | (guments are supplied with)-.18 F F3<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) | |
6495 | -3.703 E F4(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 | |
6496 | (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 472.8 Q F3 | |
6497 | <ad6c>3.215 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ | |
6498 | that may be reused as input.)3.215 F .716(If no ar)5.716 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
6499 | 1.184(ments are gi)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F | |
6500 | F3<ad6c>3.684 E F0 1.183 | |
6501 | (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F | |
6502 | (The return status is true unless a)144 496.8 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0 | |
6503 | (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 | |
6504 | E F3(help)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F4(pattern) | |
6505 | -2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 525.6 R .867 | |
6506 | (uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F4(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 | |
6507 | (is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6508 | 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 | |
6509 | 537.6 R F4(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 | |
6510 | (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 | |
6511 | (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 549.6 Q F3 | |
6512 | <ad64>144 561.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F4 | |
6513 | (pattern)2.5 E F3(-m)146.5 573.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) | |
6514 | 21.84 E F4(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat) | |
6515 | -2.5 E F3<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 | |
6516 | (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F4(pattern)2.5 E | |
6517 | F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 597.6 Q F4 | |
6518 | (pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 614.4 Q F4(n)A F3(])A | |
6519 | (history \255c)108 626.4 Q(history \255d)108 638.4 Q F4(of)2.5 E(fset) | |
6520 | -.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\214lename)A F0(])A | |
6521 | F3(history \255p)108 662.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5 | |
6522 | (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 674.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g) | |
6523 | -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 | |
6524 | 686.4 S .752 | |
6525 | (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F | |
6526 | .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 | |
6527 | G 1.231(been modi\214ed.)144 698.4 R 1.231(An ar)6.231 F 1.231 | |
6528 | (gument of)-.18 F F4(n)4.091 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.971 F F4 | |
6529 | (n)4.091 E F0 3.73(lines. If)3.97 F 1.23(the shell v)3.73 F(ariable)-.25 | |
6530 | E F3(HISTTIME-)3.73 E(FORMA)144 710.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .249 | |
6531 | (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.749 F F4 | |
6532 | (strftime)2.75 E F0 .25(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B 3.118 | |
6533 | (associated with each displayed history entry)144 722.4 R 8.118(.N)-.65 | |
6534 | G 5.617(oi)-8.118 G(nterv)-5.617 E 3.117 | |
6535 | (ening blank is printed between the)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
6536 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6537 | %%Page: 56 56 | |
6538 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6539 | BP | |
6540 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6541 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6542 | -.35 E .083(formatted time stamp and the history line.)144 84 R(If)5.084 | |
6543 | E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.584 E F0 .084 | |
6544 | (is supplied, it is used as the name of the his-)2.584 F .097 | |
6545 | (tory \214le; if not, the v)144 96 R .097(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 | |
6546 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.597 E F0 .096(is used.)2.347 F .096 | |
6547 | (Options, if supplied, ha)5.096 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .096(he follo).15 | |
6548 | F .096(wing meanings:)-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad63>144 108 Q F0 | |
6549 | (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F3<ad64>144 | |
6550 | 120 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) | |
6551 | 180 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 144 Q F0 .598 | |
6552 | (Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 | |
6553 | (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 | |
6554 | (ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)180 156 Q F0 | |
6555 | (session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 168 Q F0 .854(Read \ | |
6556 | the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ | |
6557 | rent history list.)24.74 F .772 | |
6558 | (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 180 R | |
6559 | .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E | |
6560 | (sion.)180 192 Q F3<ad72>144 204 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ | |
6561 | \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F3<ad77>144 | |
6562 | 216 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 | |
6563 | (ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) | |
6564 | -2.5 E F3<ad70>144 228 Q F0 .626 | |
6565 | (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) | |
6566 | 3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F | |
6567 | 2.975(output. Does)180 240 R .475 | |
6568 | (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) | |
6569 | 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F | |
6570 | (normal history e)180 252 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 264 Q F0 .363 | |
6571 | (Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 | |
6572 | (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 | |
6573 | (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 276 Q -.15(ve) | |
6574 | -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 | |
6575 | (are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 292.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 | |
6576 | E F0 .28 | |
6577 | (is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry) | |
6578 | 2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 304.8 R .539 | |
6579 | (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539 | |
6580 | (hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 316.8 R | |
6581 | 1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779 | |
6582 | (wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424 | |
6583 | (interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 328.8 R 1.424 | |
6584 | (vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424 | |
6585 | (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ | |
6586 | ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ | |
6587 | , an in)144 340.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) | |
6588 | 3 E(supplied as an ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
6589 | (,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 | |
6590 | E(gument to)-.18 E F3<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 | |
6591 | 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 | |
6592 | E F3(jobs \255x)108 381.6 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs) | |
6593 | -.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 393.6 Q .3 | |
6594 | -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
6595 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 405.6 Q F0 | |
6596 | (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3 | |
6597 | <ad70>144 417.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 | |
6598 | (sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad6e>144 429.6 Q F0 | |
6599 | .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) | |
6600 | -.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F | |
6601 | (\214ed of their status.)180 441.6 Q F3<ad72>144 453.6 Q F0 | |
6602 | (Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3<ad73>144 465.6 Q F0 | |
6603 | (Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(jobspec) | |
6604 | 4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 | |
6605 | (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) | |
6606 | -.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 494.4 Q -.25 | |
6607 | (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 | |
6608 | E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 511.2 R F3 | |
6609 | <ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 | |
6610 | .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) | |
6611 | 3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 | |
6612 | (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 523.2 Q | |
6613 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) | |
6614 | 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E | |
6615 | F3(kill)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 | |
6616 | <ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 | |
6617 | (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 | |
6618 | (kill \255l)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
6619 | (it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 564 R F1 | |
6620 | (sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 | |
6621 | (to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F1 | |
6622 | (jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 | |
6623 | (either a case-insensiti)144 576 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 | |
6624 | (ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 | |
6625 | (\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 | |
6626 | (pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 588 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 | |
6627 | 1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) | |
6628 | 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F2(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 | |
6629 | 1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 600 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F | |
6630 | F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 | |
6631 | F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F | |
6632 | F3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) | |
6633 | .15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 612 R .28 | |
6634 | (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F1 | |
6635 | -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 624 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F3 | |
6636 | <ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 | |
6637 | (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 | |
6638 | (xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 636 R | |
6639 | F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F | |
6640 | .593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F | |
6641 | (occurs or an in)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 | |
6642 | E F3(let)108 664.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 | |
6643 | (...])2.5 E(Each)144 676.8 Q F1(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 | |
6644 | (is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
6645 | G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F2 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E | |
6646 | -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the) | |
6647 | 5.634 F(last)144 688.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G | |
6648 | (luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) | |
6649 | 2.5 E F3(local)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name) | |
6650 | -2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 717.6 S | |
6651 | 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 | |
6652 | (ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) | |
6653 | 2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 | |
6654 | .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 729.6 Q 4.514(yo)-.15 G 4.514(ft)-4.514 G 2.014 | |
6655 | (he options accepted by)-4.514 F F3(declar)4.514 E(e)-.18 E F0 7.014(.W) | |
6656 | C(hen)-7.014 E F3(local)4.514 E F0 2.013 | |
6657 | (is used within a function, it causes the)4.514 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
6658 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6659 | %%Page: 57 57 | |
6660 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6661 | BP | |
6662 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6663 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6664 | -.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S(riable).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.87 E | |
6665 | F0 1.01(to ha)3.69 F 1.31 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H 1.011 | |
6666 | (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 | |
6667 | (Wi)6.011 G 1.011(th no oper).4 F(-)-.2 E(ands,)144 96 Q/F2 10 | |
6668 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.242 E F0 .741(writes a list of local v)3.241 F | |
6669 | .741(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .741(It is an error to use) | |
6670 | 5.741 F F2(local)3.241 E F0(when)3.241 E 1.34(not within a function.)144 | |
6671 | 108 R 1.34(The return status is 0 unless)6.34 F F2(local)3.84 E F0 1.34 | |
6672 | (is used outside a function, an in)3.84 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1 | |
6673 | (name)144.36 120 Q F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 | |
6674 | (is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 136.8 Q F0 | |
6675 | (Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e> | |
6676 | A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
6677 | F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 | |
6678 | <ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k) | |
6679 | -.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr) | |
6680 | -2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 165.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E | |
6681 | F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 | |
6682 | 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
6683 | (][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac) | |
6684 | 2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
6685 | (arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A 1.006 | |
6686 | (Read lines from the standard input into array v)144 177.6 R(ariable) | |
6687 | -.25 E F1(arr)3.506 E(ay)-.15 E F0 3.506(,o).32 G 3.506(rf)-3.506 G | |
6688 | 1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F1(fd)3.506 E F0 1.005(if the)3.506 | |
6689 | F F2<ad75>3.505 E F0 1.086(option is supplied.)144 189.6 R 1.086(The v) | |
6690 | 6.086 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(MAPFILE)3.586 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.586 F | |
6691 | (ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.587 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.087(.O)C 1.087 | |
6692 | (ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.087 F 1.387 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo) | |
6693 | 144 201.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 213.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5 | |
6694 | (ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 | |
6695 | F F1(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 225.6 | |
6696 | Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0 | |
6697 | (at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E | |
6698 | (ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 237.6 | |
6699 | Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 | |
6700 | <ad74>144 249.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H | |
6701 | (railing line from each line read.).15 E F2<ad75>144 261.6 Q F0 | |
6702 | (Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
6703 | (instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 273.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E | |
6704 | (aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum) | |
6705 | 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0 | |
6706 | (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 285.6 | |
6707 | Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 | |
6708 | (callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 302.4 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 | |
6709 | (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 | |
6710 | (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 | |
6711 | (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 | |
6712 | (luated, it is sup-).25 F 1.22(plied the inde)144 314.4 R 3.72(xo)-.15 G | |
6713 | 3.72(ft)-3.72 G 1.22(he ne)-3.72 F 1.22 | |
6714 | (xt array element to be assigned as an additional ar)-.15 F(gument.)-.18 | |
6715 | E F1(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 326.4 S | |
6716 | (luated after the line is read b).25 E | |
6717 | (ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E | |
6718 | (If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 | |
6719 | (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 | |
6720 | (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 .996 | |
6721 | (returns successfully unless an in)3.496 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996 | |
6722 | (lid option or option ar).25 F .995(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F1 | |
6723 | (arr)3.495 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.495 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G | |
6724 | (lid or unassignable.).25 E F2(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 | |
6725 | 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 | |
6726 | 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 | |
6727 | (ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) | |
6728 | .4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 | |
6729 | (he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 | |
6730 | 412.8 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 | |
6731 | (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 | |
6732 | (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 | |
6733 | F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .551 | |
6734 | (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 | |
6735 | (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F | |
6736 | (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F2(+)144 460.8 Q F1(n)A | |
6737 | F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 | |
6738 | .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F | |
6739 | F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 | |
6740 | 472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 | |
6741 | (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) | |
6742 | -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0 | |
6743 | (Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 | |
6744 | 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 | |
6745 | F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 | |
6746 | 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 | |
6747 | (ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 | |
6748 | E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 513.6 R F2(popd) | |
6749 | 3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 | |
6750 | (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 | |
6751 | E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G | |
6752 | .415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 | |
6753 | (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F | |
6754 | (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q | |
6755 | (ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0 | |
6756 | (])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 | |
6757 | (Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 | |
6758 | (to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 | |
6759 | E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ | |
6760 | tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ | |
6761 | e simply)144 578.4 R .159 | |
6762 | (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) | |
6763 | 144 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ | |
6764 | dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ | |
6765 | of the ne)144 602.4 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)3.15 E | |
6766 | (gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 614.4 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 | |
6767 | (ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 | |
6768 | (\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F2(printf)2.923 E F0 | |
6769 | .423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 | |
6770 | (sequences in the corresponding)144 626.4 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E | |
6771 | F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 | |
6772 | (terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F2 | |
6773 | (\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 638.4 Q F2(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) | |
6774 | 3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 | |
6775 | (ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 | |
6776 | (may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 650.4 Q F0 | |
6777 | (causes)3.63 E F2(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 | |
6778 | F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 | |
6779 | (in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 662.4 Q(The) | |
6780 | 144 686.4 Q F2<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404 | |
6781 | (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
6782 | F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F | |
6783 | (standard output.)144 698.4 Q(The)144 722.4 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 | |
6784 | (is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E | |
6785 | (guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) | |
6786 | 3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
6787 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6788 | %%Page: 58 58 | |
6789 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6790 | BP | |
6791 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6792 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6793 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033 | |
6794 | (than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 | |
6795 | (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) | |
6796 | .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) | |
6797 | -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E | |
6798 | (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 | |
6799 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) | |
6800 | -2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q | |
6801 | F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ | |
6802 | tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ | |
6803 | e ne)144 136.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316 | |
6804 | (stack the current w)144 148.8 R 1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W) | |
6805 | -.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315 | |
6806 | (xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F | |
6807 | .871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 160.8 R 5.871 | |
6808 | (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 | |
6809 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 | |
6810 | 172.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\ | |
6811 | ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F | |
6812 | (only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 | |
6813 | 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 | |
6814 | (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) | |
6815 | -.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C | |
6816 | (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 | |
6817 | .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 | |
6818 | (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 | |
6819 | F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) | |
6820 | -2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 | |
6821 | (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 | |
6822 | G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 273.6 | |
6823 | R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs) | |
6824 | 2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 | |
6825 | (If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 | |
6826 | (returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G | |
6827 | 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 | |
6828 | 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 | |
6829 | 297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ | |
6830 | ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F | |
6831 | (speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E | |
6832 | (ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 | |
6833 | (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 | |
6834 | (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 | |
6835 | (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 | |
6836 | 350.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 | |
6837 | .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 | |
6838 | (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 | |
6839 | (enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 | |
6840 | (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 | |
6841 | F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ | |
6842 | reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) | |
6843 | -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 403.2 S | |
6844 | (ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F1(aname) | |
6845 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad69>-2.5 | |
6846 | E F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E | |
6847 | (s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
6848 | F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E | |
6849 | F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the\ | |
6850 | standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 415.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E | |
6851 | F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 427.2 Q | |
6852 | F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 | |
6853 | (ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G | |
6854 | .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E | |
6855 | F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) | |
6856 | .15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 | |
6857 | (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) | |
6858 | .18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 451.2 R .54(wer w)-.25 | |
6859 | F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ | |
6860 | are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 | |
6861 | (characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 | |
6862 | (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 | |
6863 | (backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 | |
6864 | (be used to remo)144 475.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H | |
6865 | 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 | |
6866 | (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F | |
6867 | (Options, if supplied, ha)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E | |
6868 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 499.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) | |
6869 | 180 511.2 R 1.049 | |
6870 | (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) | |
6871 | -.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F | |
6872 | F1(aname)180.33 523.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 | |
6873 | -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 | |
6874 | (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 535.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E | |
6875 | F0(The \214rst character of)180 547.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 | |
6876 | (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E | |
6877 | F2<ad65>144 559.2 Q F0 .372 | |
6878 | (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) | |
6879 | 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E | |
6880 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 | |
6881 | (to obtain the line.)180 571.2 R .218 | |
6882 | (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 | |
6883 | (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E | |
6884 | (acti)180 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E | |
6885 | F2<ad69>144 595.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715 | |
6886 | G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te) | |
6887 | 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E | |
6888 | .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 607.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 | |
6889 | 619.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 631.2 S(ad).18 E | |
6890 | F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E | |
6891 | F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 | |
6892 | (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input.)180 643.2 Q F2<ad70>144 | |
6893 | 655.2 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 667.2 Q F1(pr)3.66 E | |
6894 | (ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 | |
6895 | (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) | |
6896 | -.25 F(an)180 679.2 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F | |
6897 | (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 | |
6898 | <ad72>144 691.2 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) | |
6899 | 25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) | |
6900 | -5.543 F(the line.)180 703.2 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G | |
6901 | (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) | |
6902 | -.25 E F2<ad73>144 715.2 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E | |
6903 | (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E | |
6904 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
6905 | %%Page: 59 59 | |
6906 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6907 | BP | |
6908 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6909 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
6910 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
6911 | (timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048 | |
6912 | (to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 | |
6913 | (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) | |
6914 | 180 108 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 | |
6915 | (may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) | |
6916 | -.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 120 R .576(This option is only ef) | |
6917 | 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G | |
6918 | (ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 | |
6919 | (pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 132 R .142 | |
6920 | (fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E | |
6921 | F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 144 S(ad).18 E | |
6922 | F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 | |
6923 | (ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 | |
6924 | (ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 156 Q | |
6925 | (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 | |
6926 | E F1<ad75>144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) | |
6927 | 14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 | |
6928 | .192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) | |
6929 | -.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF | |
6930 | (.)A F0 .191(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 | |
6931 | (unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) | |
6932 | .18 E F0 1.343 | |
6933 | (times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F | |
6934 | (128\), or an in)144 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G | |
6935 | (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 | |
6936 | <ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
6937 | (\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E | |
6938 | F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 | |
6939 | (names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 | |
6940 | (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 | |
6941 | (may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R | |
6942 | 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 | |
6943 | (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 | |
6944 | (names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) | |
6945 | -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 | |
6946 | (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) | |
6947 | -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) | |
6948 | -.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 273.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037 | |
6949 | (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 | |
6950 | (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> | |
6951 | 3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081 | |
6952 | (of all readonly names is printed.)144 285.6 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581 | |
6953 | E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 | |
6954 | F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 297.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176 | |
6955 | (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 | |
6956 | 3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177 | |
6957 | (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 309.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C | |
6958 | 1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205 | |
6959 | (lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205 | |
6960 | (is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 321.6 S(lid shell v).25 E | |
6961 | (ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 | |
6962 | (name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 338.4 S | |
6963 | (tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586 | |
6964 | (Causes a function to e)144 350.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F | |
6965 | .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 | |
6966 | E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 | |
6967 | (that of the last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 | |
6968 | (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G | |
6969 | 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) | |
6970 | 144 374.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() | |
6971 | 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 | |
6972 | (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 | |
6973 | (cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 386.4 R F2(n)3.106 | |
6974 | E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F | |
6975 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 | |
6976 | (xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 398.4 R .082 | |
6977 | (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 | |
6978 | (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 | |
6979 | (he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 410.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F | |
6980 | 4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) | |
6981 | 4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) | |
6982 | .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) | |
6983 | 144 422.4 Q F1(set)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
6984 | (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 | |
6985 | E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 451.2 Q F0 | |
6986 | ([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) | |
6987 | 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 463.2 S | |
6988 | .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F | |
6989 | .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 | |
6990 | (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 475.2 | |
6991 | R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 | |
6992 | (riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 487.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) | |
6993 | 2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 | |
6994 | (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 | |
6995 | (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 | |
6996 | (locale. When)144 499.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F | |
6997 | 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) | |
6998 | -.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 | |
6999 | (after option processing are treated as v)144 511.2 R 1.624 | |
7000 | (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) | |
7001 | 144 523.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A | |
7002 | F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 | |
7003 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q | |
7004 | F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 | |
7005 | (ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F | |
7006 | .539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 547.2 Q | |
7007 | (vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 559.2 Q F0 .131 | |
7008 | (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F | |
7009 | 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E | |
7010 | (primary prompt.)184 571.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) | |
7011 | -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 583.2 Q F0 | |
7012 | .511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 | |
7013 | (\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 | |
7014 | 3.01(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 595.2 Q F0 .872 | |
7015 | (command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 | |
7016 | (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 | |
7017 | (command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 607.2 R F3 .399 | |
7018 | (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G | |
7019 | .399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 619.2 R 1.468 | |
7020 | (shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 | |
7021 | (ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 631.2 | |
7022 | R .57(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 | |
7023 | (ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 | |
7024 | (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) | |
7025 | 184 643.2 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G | |
7026 | .544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 | |
7027 | E F0(or)3.044 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 | |
7028 | (xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 655.2 Q 1.231(wing the \214nal)-.25 | |
7029 | F F1(&&)3.731 E F0(or)3.731 E F5<efef>3.731 E F0 3.731(,a)C 1.531 -.15 | |
7030 | (ny c)-3.731 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.23 | |
7031 | (ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 667.2 Q 3.19(sr)-.55 G .69 | |
7032 | (eturn v)-3.19 F .69(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .69 | |
7033 | (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) | |
7034 | 3.191 E F0 3.191(,i)C 3.191(fs)-3.191 G .691(et, is e)-3.191 F -.15(xe) | |
7035 | -.15 G .691(cuted before).15 F .687(the shell e)184 679.2 R 3.186 | |
7036 | (xits. This)-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 | |
7037 | (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .658 | |
7038 | (ment separately \(see)184 691.2 R F1 .659(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)3.159 | |
7039 | F(ONMENT)-.3 E F0(abo)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .659(\), and may).15 F | |
7040 | (cause subshells to e)184 703.2 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
7041 | (cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66>144 715.2 Q F0 | |
7042 | (Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
7043 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7044 | %%Page: 60 60 | |
7045 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7046 | BP | |
7047 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7048 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7049 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad68>144 84 Q F0 2.239 | |
7050 | (Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238 | |
7051 | (re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738 | |
7052 | (cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
7053 | <ad6b>144 108 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 | |
7054 | (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 | |
7055 | F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F | |
7056 | (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 120 Q F1 | |
7057 | <ad6d>144 132 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 | |
7058 | (Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F | |
7059 | .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 | |
7060 | (on systems that support it \(see)184 144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .636 | |
7061 | (JOB CONTR)3.136 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136 | |
7062 | (\). Background).15 F .637(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 | |
7063 | (separate process group and a line containing their e)184 156 R .641 | |
7064 | (xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 | |
7065 | <ad6e>144 180 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F | |
7066 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 | |
7067 | (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 | |
7068 | 192 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E | |
7069 | F1<ad6f>144 204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) | |
7070 | 184 216 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E | |
7071 | (wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E | |
7072 | F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) | |
7073 | A F1(emacs)184 276 Q F0 .089 | |
7074 | (Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) | |
7075 | -.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 | |
7076 | (when the shell is interacti)224 288 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 | |
7077 | (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E | |
7078 | F0 2.5(option. This)224 300 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) | |
7079 | -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 | |
7080 | (errtrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace) | |
7081 | 184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 348 Q | |
7082 | (exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 360 | |
7083 | Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 372 Q F0 | |
7084 | (Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 396 Q F0 .587 | |
7085 | (Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 | |
7086 | (escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E | |
7087 | (OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is) | |
7088 | 5.087 F(on by def)224 408 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
7089 | (hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 420 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 432 R | |
7090 | 1.656(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF | |
7091 | (IGNOREEOF=10)4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) | |
7092 | .15 E(\(see)224 444 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 | |
7093 | (ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 456 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as) | |
7094 | 224 468 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 480 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1 | |
7095 | <ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 492 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 504 Q F1 | |
7096 | <ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 516 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E | |
7097 | F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 528 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
7098 | (nolog)184 540 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 552 Q F0 | |
7099 | (Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 564 Q F0(Same as)6.66 | |
7100 | E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 576 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 | |
7101 | E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 588 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E | |
7102 | F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 600 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 | |
7103 | (alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 | |
7104 | (alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 612 R | |
7105 | 1.136 | |
7106 | (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) | |
7107 | -.15 F -.15(ex)224 624 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G | |
7108 | (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 636 Q F0 | |
7109 | 2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 | |
7110 | 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 | |
7111 | (fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 648 Q | |
7112 | F3(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 | |
7113 | 672 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as) | |
7114 | 7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 1.465 | |
7115 | (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966(ace. This)-.1 | |
7116 | F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 708 Q | |
7117 | (ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0) | |
7118 | 72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7119 | %%Page: 61 61 | |
7120 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7121 | BP | |
7122 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7123 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7124 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78> | |
7125 | 2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no) | |
7126 | 3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C | |
7127 | .553(he v)-3.053 F .552(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F | |
7128 | (If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 114 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2 | |
7129 | (option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set) | |
7130 | 3.572 E F0 1.072(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F | |
7131 | (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1<ad70> | |
7132 | 144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 | |
7133 | (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F | |
7134 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) | |
7135 | -.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 | |
7136 | (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501 | |
7137 | (vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A | |
7138 | F1(CDP)184 162 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 5.603(,a)C(nd)-5.603 E F1 | |
7139 | (GLOBIGNORE)5.603 E F0 -.25(va)5.603 G 3.103(riables, if the).25 F 5.603 | |
7140 | (ya)-.15 G 3.103(ppear in the en)-5.603 F 3.103(vironment, are)-.4 F | |
7141 | 2.617(ignored. If)184 174 R .117(the shell is started with the ef)2.617 | |
7142 | F(fecti)-.25 E .418 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .118 | |
7143 | (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user).15 F 1.018 | |
7144 | (\(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>3.518 E F0 1.018 | |
7145 | (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)3.518 F 1.018 | |
7146 | (en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .286 | |
7147 | (user id is set to the real user id.)184 198 R .286(If the)5.286 F F1 | |
7148 | <ad70>2.786 E F0 .287(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.786 F | |
7149 | (fecti)-.25 E .587 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser).15 E .103(id is not reset.)184 | |
7150 | 210 R -.45(Tu)5.103 G .102(rning this option of).45 F 2.602(fc)-.25 G | |
7151 | .102(auses the ef)-2.602 F(fecti)-.25 E .402 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .102 | |
7152 | (ser and group ids to be set to).15 F(the real user and group ids.)184 | |
7153 | 222 Q F1<ad74>144 234 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
7154 | G(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444 | |
7155 | (eat unset v).35 F .444 | |
7156 | (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944 | |
7157 | (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52 | |
7158 | (attempted on an unset v)184 258 R .519 | |
7159 | (ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25 | |
7160 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 270 S(its with a non-zero status.) | |
7161 | .15 E F1<ad76>144 282 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) | |
7162 | -.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 294 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 | |
7163 | (xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) | |
7164 | 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E | |
7165 | F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 306 R F1 | |
7166 | -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 | |
7167 | (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) | |
7168 | 3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 318 Q | |
7169 | (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 | |
7170 | <ad42>144 330 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 | |
7171 | (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E | |
7172 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 342 Q | |
7173 | (ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 354 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E | |
7174 | F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 | |
7175 | (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 | |
7176 | 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F | |
7177 | 3.053(tors. This)184 366 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 | |
7178 | (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) | |
7179 | .15 F(tor)184 378 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
7180 | <ad45>144 390 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) | |
7181 | -2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 | |
7182 | (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 | |
7183 | F .838(mands e)184 402 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 | |
7184 | F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 | |
7185 | (trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 414 Q F1 | |
7186 | <ad48>144 426 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 | |
7187 | (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 | |
7188 | F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 438 Q -.15 | |
7189 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 450 Q F0 1.164 | |
7190 | (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 | |
7191 | (ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 | |
7192 | (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 | |
7193 | (that change the current w)184 462 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 | |
7194 | (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 | |
7195 | (ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 474 R(def)2.685 | |
7196 | E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 | |
7197 | (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F | |
7198 | (mands which change the current directory)184 486 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 | |
7199 | 498 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 | |
7200 | (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 | |
7201 | (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 | |
7202 | (substitutions, and commands e)184 510 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 | |
7203 | (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E | |
7204 | (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 522 Q F0 | |
7205 | (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 534 Q | |
7206 | F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 | |
7207 | (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F | |
7208 | (Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 546 Q F2 | |
7209 | (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G | |
7210 | (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 | |
7211 | 558 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 | |
7212 | (ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G | |
7213 | 1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 570 R | |
7214 | F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 | |
7215 | (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) | |
7216 | 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B | |
7217 | (parameters remain unchanged.)184 582 Q .425(The options are of)144 | |
7218 | 598.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 | |
7219 | (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 | |
7220 | (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 | |
7221 | (to be turned of)144 610.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 | |
7222 | (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) | |
7223 | -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 | |
7224 | (current set of options may be found in)144 622.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 | |
7225 | 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 | |
7226 | (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F | |
7227 | (is encountered.)144 634.8 Q F1(shift)108 651.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 | |
7228 | (])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 663.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 | |
7229 | .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G | |
7230 | .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 675.6 Q F1($#)2.582 | |
7231 | E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 | |
7232 | (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) | |
7233 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) | |
7234 | .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 | |
7235 | (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 687.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 | |
7236 | .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F | |
7237 | (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 | |
7238 | (,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 699.6 R | |
7239 | .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 | |
7240 | .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 | |
7241 | (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 711.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
7242 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7243 | %%Page: 62 62 | |
7244 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7245 | BP | |
7246 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7247 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7248 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 | |
7249 | 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 | |
7250 | E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 96 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v) | |
7251 | -.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E | |
7252 | 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1<ad70>2.722 | |
7253 | E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \ | |
7254 | indication of whether or not each is set.)144 108 R(The)144 120 Q F1 | |
7255 | <ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\ | |
7256 | at may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)5.327 F(ha)144 132 | |
7257 | Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 | |
7258 | 144 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 | |
7259 | 156 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71> | |
7260 | 144 168 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return s\ | |
7261 | tatus indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E | |
7262 | .256(set or unset.)180 180 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E | |
7263 | F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G | |
7264 | (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 | |
7265 | (he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 192 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 | |
7266 | (are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 204 Q F0 | |
7267 | (Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 | |
7268 | (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 | |
7269 | E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 220.8 R F1 | |
7270 | <ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no) | |
7271 | 2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 | |
7272 | (guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 | |
7273 | (are set or unset, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 | |
7274 | (.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 | |
7275 | 1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 244.8 Q(ault.) | |
7276 | -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 | |
7277 | 261.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) | |
7278 | 4.045 F .696 | |
7279 | (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) | |
7280 | 144 273.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 | |
7281 | (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 285.6 Q(The list of)144 302.4 Q F1(shopt) | |
7282 | 2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 320.4 Q F0 .199 | |
7283 | (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F | |
7284 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
7285 | (ment to the)184 332.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F | |
7286 | (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E | |
7287 | F1(cdable_v)144 344.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 356.4 R .156 | |
7288 | (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 | |
7289 | (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F | |
7290 | (name of a v)184 368.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E | |
7291 | (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 380.4 Q F0 | |
7292 | 1.055 | |
7293 | (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) | |
7294 | 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 | |
7295 | (corrected. The)184 392.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 | |
7296 | (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) | |
7297 | -.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 404.4 R 4.352 -.65 | |
7298 | (y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 | |
7299 | (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F | |
7300 | (the command proceeds.)184 416.4 Q | |
7301 | (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) | |
7302 | .15 E F1(checkhash)144 428.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)4.58 | |
7303 | E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 | |
7304 | (xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 452.4 S(cute it.).15 E | |
7305 | (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E | |
7306 | (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 464.4 | |
7307 | Q F0 .448(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 | |
7308 | (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 | |
7309 | (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 | |
7310 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 488.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G | |
7311 | .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 | |
7312 | (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 | |
7313 | (attempted without an interv)184 500.4 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 | |
7314 | F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
7315 | 3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 512.4 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G | |
7316 | (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) | |
7317 | -2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 524.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 536.4 R F1(bash) | |
7318 | 3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796 | |
7319 | (ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796 | |
7320 | (pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 548.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
7321 | SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A | |
7322 | F1(cmdhist)144 560.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 | |
7323 | (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 | |
7324 | (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 | |
7325 | 572.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E | |
7326 | (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 584.4 | |
7327 | Q F0 .42(If set,)184 596.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 | |
7328 | F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 | |
7329 | (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E | |
7330 | (to the conditional command')184 608.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G | |
7331 | (perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 620.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F | |
7332 | F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 | |
7333 | (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 | |
7334 | (ord completion if)-.1 F | |
7335 | (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 632.4 Q(xist.)-.15 | |
7336 | E F1(dotglob)144 644.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 | |
7337 | (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) | |
7338 | -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F | |
7339 | (xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 656.4 Q F0 1.386 | |
7340 | (If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 | |
7341 | (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
7342 | 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 668.4 Q | |
7343 | (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E | |
7344 | (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 | |
7345 | E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 680.4 Q | |
7346 | F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 692.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) | |
7347 | -.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0 | |
7348 | .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 704.4 Q | |
7349 | (ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0) | |
7350 | 72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7351 | %%Page: 63 63 | |
7352 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7353 | BP | |
7354 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7355 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7356 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)144 84 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha) | |
7357 | 184 96 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1 | |
7358 | (1.)184 108 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F | |
7359 | F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 | |
7360 | (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F | |
7361 | (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 120 Q | |
7362 | (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 132 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 | |
7363 | F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F | |
7364 | 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 144 | |
7365 | Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 156 Q F0 .84 | |
7366 | (If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 | |
7367 | (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 | |
7368 | (exe)220 168 S .488 | |
7369 | (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F | |
7370 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 | |
7371 | (sour)220 180 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 | |
7372 | -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184 | |
7373 | 192 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 | |
7374 | 1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220 | |
7375 | 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 216 Q F0 1.359 | |
7376 | (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 | |
7377 | (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 | |
7378 | 228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 | |
7379 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 | |
7380 | (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) | |
7381 | 184 240 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 | |
7382 | (command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 252 | |
7383 | Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 | |
7384 | (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 | |
7385 | (trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 264 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 | |
7386 | (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) | |
7387 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 276 Q | |
7388 | F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 288 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 300 R | |
7389 | F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 | |
7390 | E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) | |
7391 | -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G | |
7392 | (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 312 Q | |
7393 | (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 324 Q F0 | |
7394 | 1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 | |
7395 | (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 | |
7396 | (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 336 S(pansion error).15 E(.) | |
7397 | -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 348 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 | |
7398 | .585(If set, the suf)184 360 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) | |
7399 | -.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w) | |
7400 | -.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 372 R .32 | |
7401 | (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 | |
7402 | (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329 | |
7403 | (pletions. See)184 384 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .829(SHELL V)3.329 F | |
7404 | (ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)3.079 E 1.129 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .83 | |
7405 | (or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.33 E F0 5.83(.T)C .83 | |
7406 | (his option)-5.83 F(is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar) | |
7407 | 144 408 Q F0 .44(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.94 E F0 .44 | |
7408 | (used in a \214lename e)2.94 F .439(xpansion conte)-.15 F .439 | |
7409 | (xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.297 | |
7410 | (more directories and subdirectories.)184 420 R 1.298 | |
7411 | (If the pattern is follo)6.297 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.798 E F0 | |
7412 | 3.798(,o)C 1.298(nly directories)-3.798 F(and subdirectories match.)184 | |
7413 | 432 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 444 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ | |
7414 | en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 456 Q F1(histappend)144 | |
7415 | 468 Q F0 .384 | |
7416 | (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 | |
7417 | 480 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G | |
7418 | (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 492 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E | |
7419 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 504 Q(eedit)-.18 | |
7420 | E F0 .575(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 | |
7421 | (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 | |
7422 | (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F | |
7423 | (tory substitution.)184 528 Q F1(histv)144 540 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 | |
7424 | (If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 | |
7425 | (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) | |
7426 | 2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 564 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 | |
7427 | (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 | |
7428 | G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 576 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E | |
7429 | 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 | |
7430 | (hostcomplete)144 588 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 | |
7431 | G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 | |
7432 | (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 | |
7433 | 612 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 | |
7434 | (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E | |
7435 | F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F | |
7436 | (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 636 Q F0(If set,) | |
7437 | 184 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 | |
7438 | (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) | |
7439 | .15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 660 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 | |
7440 | .33(If set, allo)184 672 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 | |
7441 | (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 | |
7442 | (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 | |
7443 | (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 684 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 | |
7444 | H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 | |
7445 | G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 696 Q | |
7446 | (ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 708 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 | |
7447 | (cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) | |
7448 | 3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) | |
7449 | -3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 720 Q | |
7450 | (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E | |
7451 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7452 | %%Page: 64 64 | |
7453 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7454 | BP | |
7455 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7456 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7457 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 | |
7458 | (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 | |
7459 | 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) | |
7460 | 2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S | |
7461 | (lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 | |
7462 | (If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 | |
7463 | (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F | |
7464 | -.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E | |
7465 | (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
7466 | (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 | |
7467 | (no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 | |
7468 | (re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E | |
7469 | F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) | |
7470 | -.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F | |
7471 | (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 | |
7472 | (nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 | |
7473 | (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 | |
7474 | H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S | |
7475 | (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E | |
7476 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 | |
7477 | 240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) | |
7478 | 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 | |
7479 | F(while e)184 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 | |
7480 | E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 264 Q F0 | |
7481 | .855(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 | |
7482 | (ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 | |
7483 | (thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) | |
7484 | -3.354 E -.15(ex)184 288 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) | |
7485 | .15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 | |
7486 | (If set, the programmable completion f)184 312 R .677(acilities \(see) | |
7487 | -.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E | |
7488 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 324 Q | |
7489 | (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 336 Q(omptv) | |
7490 | -.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 348 R 1.448 | |
7491 | (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) | |
7492 | -.15 F -.15(ex)184 360 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 | |
7493 | G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) | |
7494 | -.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 | |
7495 | E(This option is enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 384 | |
7496 | S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 | |
7497 | (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) | |
7498 | 184 396 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 408 Q 4.178 | |
7499 | (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F | |
7500 | 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) | |
7501 | 184 420 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E | |
7502 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E | |
7503 | F1(shift_v)144 432 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 444 R F1 | |
7504 | (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 | |
7505 | (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 | |
7506 | (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 456 Q F1(sour) | |
7507 | 144 468 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 480 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) | |
7508 | -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F | |
7509 | .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 | |
7510 | (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F | |
7511 | (\214le supplied as an ar)184 492 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F | |
7512 | (option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 504 Q F0 | |
7513 | (If set, the)184 516 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E | |
7514 | (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) | |
7515 | 108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 540 R -.15 | |
7516 | (xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 | |
7517 | G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 | |
7518 | (login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 552 R F1<ad66> | |
7519 | 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 | |
7520 | (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) | |
7521 | 5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 564 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 | |
7522 | <ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E | |
7523 | F1(test)108 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
7524 | (pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 | |
7525 | (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 | |
7526 | (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G | |
7527 | (pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 | |
7528 | (operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 600 R 3.688 | |
7529 | (gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F | |
7530 | 1.89(described abo)144 612 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 | |
7531 | (CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A | |
7532 | F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 | |
7533 | (ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q | |
7534 | (gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 | |
7535 | E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .786 | |
7536 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 | |
7537 | (dence. The)144 654 R -.25(eva)2.5 G | |
7538 | (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 | |
7539 | (w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 666 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G | |
7540 | (ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() | |
7541 | 144 678 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 | |
7542 | F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 | |
7543 | (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 | |
7544 | (rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 690 Q F3 -.2(ex) | |
7545 | 144 702 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 | |
7546 | (Tr)180 714 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 | |
7547 | -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
7548 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7549 | %%Page: 65 65 | |
7550 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7551 | BP | |
7552 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7553 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7554 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E/F2 | |
7555 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S | |
7556 | (ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
7557 | (pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 112.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E | |
7558 | F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E | |
7559 | (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E | |
7560 | (guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 130.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) | |
7561 | 180 142.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 154.8 S -.18 | |
7562 | (rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 166.8 Q | |
7563 | (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 | |
7564 | E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) | |
7565 | 180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 | |
7566 | F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 | |
7567 | (gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 | |
7568 | (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 | |
7569 | -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 | |
7570 | 214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 | |
7571 | (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F | |
7572 | .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q | |
7573 | (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E | |
7574 | (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G | |
7575 | (uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 250.8 R .023 | |
7576 | (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F | |
7577 | .323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 262.8 Q | |
7578 | 1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F | |
7579 | 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 | |
7580 | (using the \214rst and third ar)180 274.8 R .513(guments as operands.) | |
7581 | -.18 F(The)5.513 E F2<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F2<ad6f>3.013 E F0 | |
7582 | .512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 | |
7583 | (binary operators when there are three ar)180 286.8 R 3.472(guments. If) | |
7584 | -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.472 E F0 | |
7585 | 3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 298.8 | |
7586 | R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 | |
7587 | (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18 | |
7588 | F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F | |
7589 | (xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875 | |
7590 | (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875 | |
7591 | (he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) | |
7592 | 180 322.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) | |
7593 | -.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385 | |
7594 | (If the \214rst ar)180 346.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.885 E F0 | |
7595 | 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384 | |
7596 | (tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-) | |
7597 | -.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 358.8 R 4.147 | |
7598 | (guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 | |
7599 | (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E | |
7600 | (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 370.8 Q -.15(ve) | |
7601 | -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 382.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) | |
7602 | -.18 E 1.635(The e)180 394.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F | |
7603 | -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 | |
7604 | (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 | |
7605 | 406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2(times)108 423.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ | |
7606 | accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ | |
7607 | rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 435.6 Q F2(trap)108 | |
7608 | 452.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 | |
7609 | (])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 464.4 R F1(ar) | |
7610 | 3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 | |
7611 | (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G | |
7612 | (ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F1(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F1 | |
7613 | (ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) | |
7614 | 144 476.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E | |
7615 | F0 3.108(,e)C .608 | |
7616 | (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F | |
7617 | .659(\(the v)144 488.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) | |
7618 | -.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 | |
7619 | (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) | |
7620 | 144.34 500.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) | |
7621 | 3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E | |
7622 | F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F2<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 | |
7623 | (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 512.4 R | |
7624 | F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 | |
7625 | F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 524.4 R F2<ad70>3.36 | |
7626 | E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 | |
7627 | (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 | |
7628 | (signal. The)144 536.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ | |
7629 | to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 | |
7630 | (bers. Each)144 548.4 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 | |
7631 | (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 | |
7632 | (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745 | |
7633 | (names are case insensiti)144 560.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 | |
7634 | (nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F1(sigspec) | |
7635 | 3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F | |
7636 | F1(ar)144.33 572.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629 | |
7637 | (cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F1 | |
7638 | (sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63 | |
7639 | (the command)3.88 F F1(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe) | |
7640 | -.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 584.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 | |
7641 | 1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E | |
7642 | F1(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F1(select)3.706 E F0 1.206 | |
7643 | (command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)144 | |
7644 | 596.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15 | |
7645 | (xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413 | |
7646 | (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 608.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666 | |
7647 | (\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F2(extdeb)2.666 | |
7648 | E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
7649 | 2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the) | |
7650 | 144 620.4 R F2(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E | |
7651 | F1(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508 | |
7652 | (the command)2.758 F F1(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15 | |
7653 | (xe)-.15 G .509(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509 | |
7654 | (imple com-)-3.009 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 632.4 R 2.506 | |
7655 | (xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F | |
7656 | (The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144 | |
7657 | 644.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 | |
7658 | (ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105 | |
7659 | (wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2(until)2.605 E F0 -.1 | |
7660 | (ke)144 656.4 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if) | |
7661 | 3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
7662 | .549(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef> | |
7663 | 3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 668.4 R 3.077 | |
7664 | (sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve) | |
7665 | -.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578 | |
7666 | (hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F2 | |
7667 | (err)144 680.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F1 | |
7668 | (sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531 | |
7669 | (the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15 | |
7670 | (xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316 | |
7671 | (or a script e)144 692.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2 | |
7672 | (.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G | |
7673 | .317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F | |
7674 | .317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787 | |
7675 | (the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 704.4 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787 | |
7676 | (apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1 | |
7677 | (original v)144 716.4 R 1.1 | |
7678 | (alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1 | |
7679 | (The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec) | |
7680 | 3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 728.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2 | |
7681 | (trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q | |
7682 | (2009 February 7)140.96 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7683 | %%Page: 66 66 | |
7684 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7685 | BP | |
7686 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7687 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7688 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 | |
7689 | (])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 | |
7690 | E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G | |
7691 | (ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 | |
7692 | (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F | |
7693 | F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 | |
7694 | .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E | |
7695 | F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 | |
7696 | (,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 | |
7697 | (\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .087 | |
7698 | (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 | |
7699 | (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 | |
7700 | (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 | |
7701 | (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 | |
7702 | (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 | |
7703 | (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F | |
7704 | F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 | |
7705 | (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 | |
7706 | (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 | |
7707 | .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 | |
7708 | 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 | |
7709 | (uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 | |
7710 | <ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 | |
7711 | (PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.613 E | |
7712 | F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 | |
7713 | (type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 | |
7714 | (\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 | |
7715 | (command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>2.612 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> | |
7716 | 2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444 | |
7717 | (alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 | |
7718 | -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the) | |
7719 | 4.945 F F1<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 | |
7720 | (type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F | |
7721 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 | |
7722 | G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426 | |
7723 | (and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426 | |
7724 | (option is not also used.)2.926 F .427 | |
7725 | (The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using) | |
7726 | 144 216 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 | |
7727 | .548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 | |
7728 | (command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 | |
7729 | (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E | |
7730 | (alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 | |
7731 | Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
7732 | (limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) | |
7733 | -.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 | |
7734 | (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F | |
7735 | .944(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F | |
7736 | (The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 | |
7737 | (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) | |
7738 | 144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 | |
7739 | (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ | |
7740 | ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .426 | |
7741 | (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E | |
7742 | F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 | |
7743 | (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 | |
7744 | 304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 | |
7745 | (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F | |
7746 | .742(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 | |
7747 | (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) | |
7748 | C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 | |
7749 | (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E | |
7750 | 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 | |
7751 | (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 | |
7752 | F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 | |
7753 | .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 | |
7754 | (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F | |
7755 | (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 | |
7756 | (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 | |
7757 | <ad61>144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 | |
7758 | 376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E | |
7759 | F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E | |
7760 | F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) | |
7761 | -.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0 | |
7762 | (The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q | |
7763 | F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) | |
7764 | 26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) | |
7765 | 27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E | |
7766 | (ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0 | |
7767 | (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
7768 | (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ | |
7769 | e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) | |
7770 | 24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F | |
7771 | (be set\))180 484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0 | |
7772 | (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 | |
7773 | <ad71>144 508.8 Q F0 | |
7774 | (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144 | |
7775 | 520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 | |
7776 | 532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0 | |
7777 | (The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q | |
7778 | F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G | |
7779 | (ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0 | |
7780 | (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G | |
7781 | (ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 580.8 Q F0 | |
7782 | (The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 592.8 Q F0 | |
7783 | (The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E | |
7784 | F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 | |
7785 | (wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61> | |
7786 | 2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F | |
7787 | .175(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> | |
7788 | 2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 | |
7789 | (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 | |
7790 | <ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 633.6 | |
7791 | Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 | |
7792 | (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,) | |
7793 | A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 | |
7794 | <ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E | |
7795 | 3.787(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F | |
7796 | -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 | |
7797 | (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 | |
7798 | 657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
7799 | <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 | |
7800 | (The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 | |
7801 | 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 | |
7802 | (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ | |
7803 | therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ | |
7804 | pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 | |
7805 | 710.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 | |
7806 | (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 | |
7807 | (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 | |
7808 | (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 | |
7809 | (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G | |
7810 | (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F | |
7811 | (GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7812 | %%Page: 67 67 | |
7813 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7814 | BP | |
7815 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7816 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7817 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .552 | |
7818 | (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 | |
7819 | F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 96 Q | |
7820 | (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E | |
7821 | (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 | |
7822 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
7823 | (name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) | |
7824 | .15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 | |
7825 | F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 | |
7826 | (is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 | |
7827 | (ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E | |
7828 | (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 | |
7829 | (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 | |
7830 | (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.107 | |
7831 | (re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F1(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E | |
7832 | .907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 | |
7833 | (ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) | |
7834 | 5.607 F F2<ad76>144 177.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7835 | .304(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F | |
7836 | 2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 | |
7837 | (riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F2<ad66>144 189.6 Q F0 .46 | |
7838 | (is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F1(name)3.32 E F0 .459 | |
7839 | (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 | |
7840 | F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 201.6 R .902 | |
7841 | (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 | |
7842 | (rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F | |
7843 | (If)5.903 E(an)144 213.6 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
7844 | SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 | |
7845 | (LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME) | |
7846 | -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST) | |
7847 | 4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 | |
7848 | 225.6 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F | |
7849 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya) | |
7850 | -.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329 | |
7851 | (xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 237.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 | |
7852 | (is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C | |
7853 | (..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288 | |
7854 | (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F | |
7855 | (Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 | |
7856 | (job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7857 | .722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 | |
7858 | (ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E | |
7859 | F1(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 | |
7860 | (n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 | |
7861 | (hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 | |
7862 | (nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F1(n)4.125 E F0 .456 | |
7863 | (speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457 | |
7864 | (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 | |
7865 | (Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S | |
7866 | (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E | |
7867 | /F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 331.2 Q F0(If)108 343.2 Q | |
7868 | F2(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 | |
7869 | E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 | |
7870 | (option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 | |
7871 | (cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 355.2 R .945 | |
7872 | (restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 | |
7873 | (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E | |
7874 | (beha)108 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 | |
7875 | (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E | |
7876 | (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 384 | |
7877 | S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 400.8 S | |
7878 | (etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E F0(,)A | |
7879 | F2 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F2(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 | |
7880 | -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 417.6 S | |
7881 | (pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 | |
7882 | 434.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 | |
7883 | (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G | |
7884 | (iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 451.2 S .351 | |
7885 | (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 | |
7886 | (gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2 | |
7887 | (hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 463.2 Q | |
7888 | 32.5<8369>108 480 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) | |
7889 | -32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 496.8 S(arsing the v) | |
7890 | -32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E | |
7891 | (vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 513.6 S(edirecting output usi\ | |
7892 | ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 | |
7893 | <8375>108 530.4 S(sing the)-32.5 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
7894 | (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> | |
7895 | 108 547.2 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E | |
7896 | F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 | |
7897 | (enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 564 S | |
7898 | (sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
7899 | (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> | |
7900 | 108 580.8 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E | |
7901 | F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 597.6 | |
7902 | S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2(set +r) | |
7903 | 2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A | |
7904 | (These restrictions are enforced after an)108 614.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
7905 | (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 | |
7906 | (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 631.2 R -.15 | |
7907 | (xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 | |
7908 | (abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 643.2 Q F0(turns of) | |
7909 | 2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 | |
7910 | E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72 | |
7911 | 660 Q F1(Bash Refer)108 672 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 | |
7912 | E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F1(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 684 Q | |
7913 | (ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E | |
7914 | F1(The Gnu History Libr)108 696 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E | |
7915 | (ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7) | |
7916 | 140.96 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7917 | %%Page: 68 68 | |
7918 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7919 | BP | |
7920 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7921 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7922 | -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.8(Po)108 84 S(rtable Oper).8 E | |
7923 | (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) | |
7924 | -.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F1(sh)108 96 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(ksh)2.5 E F0 | |
7925 | (\(1\),)A F1(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1(emacs)108 108 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(vi) | |
7926 | 2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.37(re)108 120 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A/F2 10.95 | |
7927 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 136.8 Q F1(/bin/bash)109.666 148.8 Q F0(The) | |
7928 | 144 160.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable) | |
7929 | .15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 172.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 | |
7930 | (The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
7931 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bash_pr)109.666 196.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 | |
7932 | E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 208.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
7933 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 220.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 | |
7934 | (The indi)144 232.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7935 | (-shell startup \214le).15 E F1(~/.bash_lo)109.666 244.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 | |
7936 | (The indi)144 256.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 | |
7937 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F1(~/.inputr) | |
7938 | 109.666 268.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 280.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re) | |
7939 | 2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F2 -.548(AU)72 297.6 S | |
7940 | (THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 309.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E | |
7941 | (oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 321.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 338.4 Q | |
7942 | 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) | |
7943 | -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 350.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 | |
7944 | E F2 -.11(BU)72 367.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 | |
7945 | (If you \214nd a b)108 379.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 | |
7946 | (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F | |
7947 | 3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 | |
7948 | F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 391.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 | |
7949 | F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 | |
7950 | (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 | |
7951 | (ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 403.2 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0 | |
7952 | (.)A .411(Once you ha)108 420 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 | |
7953 | (etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) | |
7954 | -.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 | |
7955 | (ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 432 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) | |
7956 | -.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 | |
7957 | (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F | |
7958 | (be mailed to)108 444 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
7959 | (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) | |
7960 | -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 460.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) | |
7961 | 108 477.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 489.6 | |
7962 | Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 501.6 | |
7963 | Q 2.5(Ad)108 513.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 | |
7964 | E 2.5(As)108 525.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
7965 | G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 542.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 | |
7966 | (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) | |
7967 | 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 | |
7968 | 559.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 | |
7969 | E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 576 S | |
7970 | (GS).11 E F0(It')108 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 | |
7971 | (w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.869 | |
7972 | (ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) | |
7973 | 4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 | |
7974 | (ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 616.8 Q F0 | |
7975 | (speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 633.6 Q | |
7976 | (Shell b)108 650.4 Q | |
7977 | (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E | |
7978 | 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ | |
7979 | re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .39 | |
7980 | (process suspension is attempted.)108 679.2 R .389 | |
7981 | (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
7982 | G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 | |
7983 | (mand in the sequence.)108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ | |
7984 | place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) | |
7985 | -.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 | |
7986 | 720 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0) | |
7987 | 72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7988 | %%Page: 69 69 | |
7989 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7990 | BP | |
7991 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7992 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) | |
7993 | -.35 E(There may be only one acti)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H | |
7994 | (oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 February 7)140.96 | |
7995 | E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP | |
7996 | %%Trailer | |
7997 | end | |
7998 | %%EOF |