Merge pull request #1316 from weblate/weblate-cups-cups

[thirdparty/cups.git] / scheduler / auth.c

/*
 * Authorization routines for the CUPS scheduler.
 *
 * Copyright © 2020-2025 by OpenPrinting.
 * Copyright © 2007-2019 by Apple Inc.
 * Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
 *
 * This file contains Kerberos support code, copyright 2006 by
 * Jelmer Vernooij.
 *
 * Licensed under Apache License v2.0.  See the file "LICENSE" for more
 * information.
 */

#include "cupsd.h"
#include <grp.h>
#if HAVE_LIBPAM
#  ifdef HAVE_PAM_PAM_APPL_H
#    include <pam/pam_appl.h>
#  else
#    include <security/pam_appl.h>
#  endif /* HAVE_PAM_PAM_APPL_H */
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPAM */
#ifdef HAVE_MEMBERSHIP_H
#  include <membership.h>
#endif /* HAVE_MEMBERSHIP_H */
#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
#  include <Security/AuthorizationTags.h>
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#  include <sys/param.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UCRED_H
#  include <sys/ucred.h>
typedef struct xucred cupsd_ucred_t;
#  define CUPSD_UCRED_UID(c) (c).cr_uid
#else
#  ifndef __OpenBSD__
typedef struct ucred cupsd_ucred_t;
#  else
typedef struct sockpeercred cupsd_ucred_t;
#  endif
#  define CUPSD_UCRED_UID(c) (c).uid
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_UCRED_H */
#ifdef HAVE_LIBAPPARMOR
#  include <sys/apparmor.h>
#endif /* HAVE_LIBAPPARMOR */
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSNAPDGLIB
#  include <glib.h>
#  include <snapd-glib/snapd-glib.h>
#endif /* HAVE_LIBSNAPDGLIB */


/*
 * Local functions...
 */

static int		check_admin_access(cupsd_client_t *con);
#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
static int		check_authref(cupsd_client_t *con, const char *right);
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */
static int		compare_locations(cupsd_location_t *a, cupsd_location_t *b, void *data);
static int		compare_ogroups(cupsd_ogroup_t *a, cupsd_ogroup_t *b, void *data);
static cupsd_authmask_t	*copy_authmask(cupsd_authmask_t *am, void *data);
static void		free_authmask(cupsd_authmask_t *am, void *data);
static void		free_ogroup(cupsd_ogroup_t *og, void *data);
static int		load_ogroup(cupsd_ogroup_t *og, struct stat *fileinfo);
#if HAVE_LIBPAM
static int		pam_func(int, const struct pam_message **,
			         struct pam_response **, void *);
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPAM */


/*
 * Local structures...
 */

#if HAVE_LIBPAM
typedef struct cupsd_authdata_s		/**** Authentication data ****/
{
  char	username[HTTP_MAX_VALUE],	/* Username string */
	password[HTTP_MAX_VALUE];	/* Password string */
} cupsd_authdata_t;
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPAM */


/*
 * 'cupsdAddIPMask()' - Add an IP address authorization mask.
 */

int					/* O  - 1 on success, 0 on failure */
cupsdAddIPMask(
    cups_array_t   **masks,		/* IO - Masks array (created as needed) */
    const unsigned address[4],		/* I  - IP address */
    const unsigned netmask[4])		/* I  - IP netmask */
{
  cupsd_authmask_t	temp;		/* New host/domain mask */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdAddIPMask(masks=%p(%p), address=%x:%x:%x:%x, netmask=%x:%x:%x:%x)", (void *)masks, (void *)*masks, address[0], address[1], address[2], address[3], netmask[0], netmask[1], netmask[2], netmask[3]);

  temp.type = CUPSD_AUTH_IP;
  memcpy(temp.mask.ip.address, address, sizeof(temp.mask.ip.address));
  memcpy(temp.mask.ip.netmask, netmask, sizeof(temp.mask.ip.netmask));

 /*
  * Create the masks array as needed and add...
  */

  if (!*masks)
    *masks = cupsArrayNew3(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,
			   (cups_acopy_func_t)copy_authmask,
			   (cups_afree_func_t)free_authmask);

  return (cupsArrayAdd(*masks, &temp));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdAddLocation()' - Add a location for authorization.
 */

void
cupsdAddLocation(cupsd_location_t *loc)	/* I - Location to add */
{
 /*
  * Make sure the locations array is created...
  */

  if (!Locations)
    Locations = cupsArrayNew3((cups_array_func_t)compare_locations, NULL,
                              (cups_ahash_func_t)NULL, 0,
			      (cups_acopy_func_t)NULL,
			      (cups_afree_func_t)cupsdFreeLocation);

  if (Locations)
  {
    cupsArrayAdd(Locations, loc);

    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdAddLocation: Added location \"%s\"", loc->location ? loc->location : "(null)");
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdAddName()' - Add a name to a location...
 */

void
cupsdAddName(cupsd_location_t *loc,	/* I - Location to add to */
             char             *name)	/* I - Name to add */
{
  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdAddName(loc=%p, name=\"%s\")", (void *)loc, name);

  if (!loc->names)
    loc->names = cupsArrayNew3(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,
                               (cups_acopy_func_t)_cupsArrayStrdup,
                               (cups_afree_func_t)_cupsArrayFree);

  if (!cupsArrayAdd(loc->names, name))
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Unable to duplicate name for location %s: %s",
                    loc->location ? loc->location : "nil", strerror(errno));
    return;
  }
}


/*
 * 'cupsdAddNameMask()' - Add a host or interface name authorization mask.
 */

int					/* O  - 1 on success, 0 on failure */
cupsdAddNameMask(cups_array_t **masks,	/* IO - Masks array (created as needed) */
                 char         *name)	/* I  - Host or interface name */
{
  cupsd_authmask_t	temp;		/* New host/domain mask */
  char			ifname[32],	/* Interface name */
			*ifptr;		/* Pointer to end of name */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdAddNameMask(masks=%p(%p), name=\"%s\")", (void *)masks, (void *)*masks, name);

  if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@LOCAL"))
  {
   /*
    * Deny *interface*...
    */

    temp.type           = CUPSD_AUTH_INTERFACE;
    temp.mask.name.name = (char *)"*";
  }
  else if (!_cups_strncasecmp(name, "@IF(", 4))
  {
   /*
    * Deny *interface*...
    */

    cupsCopyString(ifname, name + 4, sizeof(ifname));

    ifptr = ifname + strlen(ifname) - 1;

    if (ifptr >= ifname && *ifptr == ')')
    {
      *ifptr = '\0';
    }

    temp.type             = CUPSD_AUTH_INTERFACE;
    temp.mask.name.name   = ifname;
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Deny name...
    */

    if (*name == '*')
      name ++;

    temp.type             = CUPSD_AUTH_NAME;
    temp.mask.name.name   = (char *)name;
  }

 /*
  * Set the name length...
  */

  temp.mask.name.length = strlen(temp.mask.name.name);

 /*
  * Create the masks array as needed and add...
  */

  if (!*masks)
    *masks = cupsArrayNew3(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,
			   (cups_acopy_func_t)copy_authmask,
			   (cups_afree_func_t)free_authmask);

  return (cupsArrayAdd(*masks, &temp));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdAddOAuthGroup()' - Add an OAuth group file.
 */

int					/* O - 1 on success, 0 on error */
cupsdAddOAuthGroup(const char *name,	/* I - Group name */
                   const char *filename)/* I - Group filename */
{
  cupsd_ogroup_t	*og;		/* Group */
  struct stat		fileinfo;	/* File information */


 /*
  * Check OAuth group file...
  */

  if (stat(filename, &fileinfo))
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to access OAuthGroup %s file \"%s\": %s", name, filename, strerror(errno));
    return (0);
  }

 /*
  * Create the new group...
  */

  if (!OAuthGroups)
  {
   /*
    * Create groups array...
    */

    if ((OAuthGroups = cupsArrayNew3((cups_array_cb_t)compare_ogroups, /*d*/NULL, /*h*/NULL, /*hsize*/0, /*cf*/NULL, (cups_afree_cb_t)free_ogroup)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate memory for OAuthGroup array: %s", strerror(errno));
      return (0);
    }
  }

  if ((og = (cupsd_ogroup_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_ogroup_t))) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate memory for OAuthGroup %s: %s", name, strerror(errno));
    return (0);
  }

  if ((og->name = strdup(name)) == NULL || (og->filename = strdup(filename)) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate memory for OAuthGroup %s: %s", name, strerror(errno));
    free_ogroup(og, NULL);
    return (0);
  }

 /*
  * Add the group to the array...
  */

  cupsArrayAdd(OAuthGroups, og);

 /*
  * Load the group and return...
  */

  return (load_ogroup(og, &fileinfo));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdAuthorize()' - Validate any authorization credentials.
 */

void
cupsdAuthorize(cupsd_client_t *con)	/* I - Client connection */
{
  int		type;			/* Authentication type */
  const char	*authorization;		/* Pointer into Authorization string */
  char		*ptr,			/* Pointer into string */
		bearer[4096],		/* CUPS_BEARER cookie string */
		username[HTTP_MAX_VALUE],
					/* Username string */
		password[HTTP_MAX_VALUE];
					/* Password string */
  cupsd_cert_t	*localuser;		/* Certificate username */


 /*
  * Locate the best matching location so we know what kind of
  * authentication to expect...
  */

  con->best = cupsdFindBest(con->uri, httpGetState(con->http));
  con->type = CUPSD_AUTH_NONE;

  cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "con->uri=\"%s\", con->best=%p(%s)", con->uri, (void *)con->best, con->best ? con->best->location : "");

  if (con->best && con->best->type != CUPSD_AUTH_NONE)
  {
    if (con->best->type == CUPSD_AUTH_DEFAULT)
      type = cupsdDefaultAuthType();
    else
      type = con->best->type;
  }
  else
    type = cupsdDefaultAuthType();

 /*
  * Decode the Authorization string...
  */

  authorization = httpGetField(con->http, HTTP_FIELD_AUTHORIZATION);

  cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cookie=\"%s\"", httpGetCookie(con->http));

  if (!*authorization && httpGetCookieValue(con->http, "CUPS_BEARER", bearer, sizeof(bearer)) && bearer[0])
    authorization = "Bearer COOKIE";

  username[0] = '\0';
  password[0] = '\0';

#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
  con->gss_uid = 0;
#endif /* HAVE_GSSAPI */

#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
  if (con->authref)
  {
    AuthorizationFree(con->authref, kAuthorizationFlagDefaults);
    con->authref = NULL;
  }
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */

  if (!*authorization)
  {
   /*
    * No authorization data provided, return early...
    */

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "No authentication data provided.");
    return;
  }
#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "AuthRef ", 8) &&
           httpAddrLocalhost(httpGetAddress(con->http)))
  {
    OSStatus		status;		/* Status */
    char		authdata[HTTP_MAX_VALUE];
					/* Nonce value from client */
    int			authlen;	/* Auth string length */
    AuthorizationItemSet *authinfo;	/* Authorization item set */

   /*
    * Get the Authorization Services data...
    */

    authorization += 8;
    while (isspace(*authorization & 255))
      authorization ++;

    authlen = sizeof(authdata);
    httpDecode64_2(authdata, &authlen, authorization);

    if (authlen != kAuthorizationExternalFormLength)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "External Authorization reference size is incorrect.");
      return;
    }

    if ((status = AuthorizationCreateFromExternalForm((AuthorizationExternalForm *)authdata, &con->authref)) != 0)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "AuthorizationCreateFromExternalForm returned %d", (int)status);
      return;
    }

    username[0] = '\0';

    if (!AuthorizationCopyInfo(con->authref, kAuthorizationEnvironmentUsername,
			       &authinfo))
    {
      if (authinfo->count == 1 && authinfo->items[0].value &&
          authinfo->items[0].valueLength >= 2)
      {
        cupsCopyString(username, authinfo->items[0].value, sizeof(username));

        cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as \"%s\" using AuthRef.", username);
      }

      AuthorizationFreeItemSet(authinfo);
    }

    if (!username[0])
    {
     /*
      * No username in AuthRef, grab username using peer credentials...
      */

      struct passwd	*pwd;		/* Password entry for this user */
      cupsd_ucred_t	peercred;	/* Peer credentials */
      socklen_t		peersize;	/* Size of peer credentials */

      peersize = sizeof(peercred);

      if (getsockopt(httpGetFd(con->http), 0, LOCAL_PEERCRED, &peercred, &peersize))
      {
        cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to get peer credentials - %s", strerror(errno));
        return;
      }

      if ((pwd = getpwuid(CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred))) == NULL)
      {
        cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to find UID %d for peer credentials.", (int)CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred));
        return;
      }

      cupsCopyString(username, pwd->pw_name, sizeof(username));

      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as \"%s\" using AuthRef + PeerCred.", username);
    }

    con->type = CUPSD_AUTH_BASIC;
  }
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */
#if defined(SO_PEERCRED) && defined(AF_LOCAL)
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "PeerCred ", 9) &&
           con->http->hostaddr->addr.sa_family == AF_LOCAL && con->best)
  {
   /*
    * Use peer credentials from domain socket connection...
    */

    struct passwd	*pwd;		/* Password entry for this user */
    cupsd_ucred_t	peercred;	/* Peer credentials */
    socklen_t		peersize;	/* Size of peer credentials */
#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
    const char		*name;		/* Authorizing name */
    int			no_peer = 0;	/* Don't allow peer credentials? */

   /*
    * See if we should allow peer credentials...
    */

    for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(con->best->names);
         name;
         name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(con->best->names))
    {
      if (!_cups_strncasecmp(name, "@AUTHKEY(", 9) ||
          !_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM"))
      {
       /* Normally don't want peer credentials if we need an auth key... */
	no_peer = 1;
      }
      else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@OWNER"))
      {
       /* but if @OWNER is present then we allow it... */
        no_peer = 0;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (no_peer)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "PeerCred authentication not allowed for resource per AUTHKEY policy.");
      return;
    }
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */

    if ((pwd = getpwnam(authorization + 9)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "User \"%s\" does not exist.", authorization + 9);
      return;
    }

    peersize = sizeof(peercred);

#  ifdef __APPLE__
    if (getsockopt(httpGetFd(con->http), 0, LOCAL_PEERCRED, &peercred, &peersize))
#  else
    if (getsockopt(httpGetFd(con->http), SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &peercred, &peersize))
#  endif /* __APPLE__ */
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to get peer credentials - %s", strerror(errno));
      return;
    }

    if (pwd->pw_uid != CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred))
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid peer credentials for \"%s\" - got %d, expected %d.", authorization + 9, CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred), pwd->pw_uid);
#  ifdef HAVE_SYS_UCRED_H
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cr_version=%d", peercred.cr_version);
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cr_uid=%d", peercred.cr_uid);
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cr_ngroups=%d", peercred.cr_ngroups);
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cr_groups[0]=%d", peercred.cr_groups[0]);
#  endif /* HAVE_SYS_UCRED_H */
      return;
    }

    cupsCopyString(username, authorization + 9, sizeof(username));

#  ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
    con->gss_uid = CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred);
#  endif /* HAVE_GSSAPI */

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as %s using PeerCred.", username);

    con->type = CUPSD_AUTH_BASIC;
  }
#endif /* SO_PEERCRED && AF_LOCAL */
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "Local", 5) &&
	   httpAddrLocalhost(httpGetAddress(con->http)))
  {
   /*
    * Get Local certificate authentication data...
    */

    authorization += 5;
    while (isspace(*authorization & 255))
      authorization ++;

    if ((localuser = cupsdFindCert(authorization)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Local authentication certificate not found.");
      return;
    }

    cupsCopyString(username, localuser->username, sizeof(username));
    con->type = localuser->type;

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as %s using Local.", username);
  }
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "Basic ", 6))
  {
   /*
    * Get the Basic authentication data...
    */

    int	userlen;			/* Username:password length */

    authorization += 5;
    while (isspace(*authorization & 255))
      authorization ++;

    userlen = sizeof(username);
    httpDecode64_2(username, &userlen, authorization);

   /*
    * Pull the username and password out...
    */

    if ((ptr = strchr(username, ':')) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Missing Basic password.");
      return;
    }

    *ptr++ = '\0';

    if (!username[0])
    {
     /*
      * Username must not be empty...
      */

      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Empty Basic username.");
      return;
    }

    if (!*ptr)
    {
     /*
      * Password must not be empty...
      */

      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Empty Basic password.");
      return;
    }

    cupsCopyString(password, ptr, sizeof(password));

   /*
    * Validate the username and password...
    */

    if (type == CUPSD_AUTH_BASIC)
    {
#if HAVE_LIBPAM
     /*
      * Only use PAM to do authentication.  This supports MD5
      * passwords, among other things...
      */

      pam_handle_t	*pamh;		/* PAM authentication handle */
      int		pamerr;		/* PAM error code */
      struct pam_conv	pamdata;	/* PAM conversation data */
      cupsd_authdata_t	data;		/* Authentication data */
      struct passwd	*userinfo;	/* User information */

      cupsCopyString(data.username, username, sizeof(data.username));
      cupsCopyString(data.password, password, sizeof(data.password));

#  ifdef __sun
      pamdata.conv        = (int (*)(int, struct pam_message **,
				     struct pam_response **,
				     void *))pam_func;
#  else
      pamdata.conv        = pam_func;
#  endif /* __sun */
      pamdata.appdata_ptr = &data;

      pamerr = pam_start("cups", username, &pamdata, &pamh);
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
      {
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "pam_start() returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
	return;
      }

#  ifdef HAVE_PAM_SET_ITEM
#    ifdef PAM_RHOST
      pamerr = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, con->http->hostname);
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_WARN, "pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST) returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
#    endif /* PAM_RHOST */

#    ifdef PAM_TTY
      pamerr = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, "cups");
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_WARN, "pam_set_item(PAM_TTY) returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
#    endif /* PAM_TTY */
#  endif /* HAVE_PAM_SET_ITEM */

      pamerr = pam_authenticate(pamh, PAM_SILENT);
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
      {
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "pam_authenticate() returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
	pam_end(pamh, 0);
	return;
      }

#  ifdef HAVE_PAM_SETCRED
      pamerr = pam_setcred(pamh, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED | PAM_SILENT);
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_WARN, "pam_setcred() returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
#  endif /* HAVE_PAM_SETCRED */

      pamerr = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, PAM_SILENT);
      if (pamerr != PAM_SUCCESS)
      {
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "pam_acct_mgmt() returned %d (%s)", pamerr, pam_strerror(pamh, pamerr));
	pam_end(pamh, 0);
	return;
      }

      pam_end(pamh, PAM_SUCCESS);

     /*
      * Copy GECOS information, if available, to get the user's real name...
      */

      if ((userinfo = getpwnam(username)) != NULL && userinfo->pw_gecos)
        cupsCopyString(con->realname, userinfo->pw_gecos, sizeof(con->realname));
#else
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "No authentication support is available.");
      return;
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPAM */
    }

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as \"%s\" using Basic.", username);
    con->type = type;
  }
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "Bearer ", 7))
  {
    // OAuth/OpenID authorization using JWT bearer tokens...
    cups_jwt_t	*jwt;			// JWT user information
    const char	*sub,			// Subject/user ID
		*name,			// Real name
		*email;			// Email address

    // Skip whitespace after "Bearer"...
    authorization += 7;
    while (isspace(*authorization & 255))
      authorization ++;

    if (!strcmp(authorization, "COOKIE"))
      authorization = bearer;		// Use the cookie value for authorization

    // Decode and validate the JWT...
    if ((jwt = cupsOAuthGetUserId(OAuthServer, OAuthMetadata, authorization)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to get user information from bearer token: %s", cupsGetErrorString());
      cupsCopyString(con->autherror, cupsGetErrorString(), sizeof(con->autherror));
      return;
    }
    else if ((sub = cupsJWTGetClaimString(jwt, CUPS_JWT_SUB)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Missing subject name in user information.");
      cupsCopyString(con->autherror, "Missing subject name.", sizeof(con->autherror));
      cupsJWTDelete(jwt);
      return;
    }

    // Good JWT, grab information from it and return...
    con->type         = CUPSD_AUTH_BEARER;
    con->autherror[0] = '\0';
    con->password[0]  = '\0';

    httpSetAuthString(con->http, "Bearer", authorization);
    cupsCopyString(con->username, sub, sizeof(con->username));
    if ((name = cupsJWTGetClaimString(jwt, CUPS_JWT_NAME)) != NULL)
      cupsCopyString(con->realname, name, sizeof(con->realname));
    if ((email = cupsJWTGetClaimString(jwt, "email")) != NULL)
      cupsCopyString(con->email, email, sizeof(con->email));

    cupsJWTDelete(jwt);

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as \"%s\" (%s <%s>) using OAuth/OpenID.", con->username, con->realname, con->email);
    return;
  }
#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
  else if (!strncmp(authorization, "Negotiate ", 10))
  {
    int			len;		/* Length of authorization string */
    gss_ctx_id_t	context;	/* Authorization context */
    OM_uint32		major_status,	/* Major status code */
			minor_status;	/* Minor status code */
    gss_buffer_desc	input_token = GSS_C_EMPTY_BUFFER,
					/* Input token from string */
			output_token = GSS_C_EMPTY_BUFFER;
					/* Output token for username */
    gss_name_t		client_name;	/* Client name */

#  ifdef __APPLE__DISABLED // Remove DISABLED if ever this code is used for macOS installer
   /*
    * If the weak-linked GSSAPI/Kerberos library is not present, don't try
    * to use it...
    */

    if (&gss_init_sec_context == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_WARN, "GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication failed because the Kerberos framework is not present.");
      return;
    }
#  endif /* __APPLE__DISABLED */

   /*
    * Find the start of the Kerberos input token...
    */

    authorization += 9;
    while (isspace(*authorization & 255))
      authorization ++;

    if (!*authorization)
    {
      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "No authentication data specified.");
      return;
    }

   /*
    * Decode the authorization string to get the input token...
    */

    len                = (int)strlen(authorization) + 0;
    input_token.value  = malloc((size_t)len);
    input_token.value  = httpDecode64_2(input_token.value, &len,
					authorization);
    input_token.length = (size_t)len;

   /*
    * Accept the input token to get the authorization info...
    */

    context      = GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT;
    client_name  = GSS_C_NO_NAME;
    major_status = gss_accept_sec_context(&minor_status,
					  &context,
					  ServerCreds,
					  &input_token,
					  GSS_C_NO_CHANNEL_BINDINGS,
					  &client_name,
					  NULL,
					  &output_token,
					  NULL,
					  NULL,
					  NULL);

    if (output_token.length > 0)
      gss_release_buffer(&minor_status, &output_token);

    if (GSS_ERROR(major_status))
    {
      cupsdLogGSSMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, major_status, minor_status, "[Client %d] Error accepting GSSAPI security context.", con->number);

      if (context != GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT)
	gss_delete_sec_context(&minor_status, &context, GSS_C_NO_BUFFER);
      return;
    }

    con->have_gss = 1;

   /*
    * Get the username associated with the client's credentials...
    */

    if (major_status == GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED)
      cupsdLogGSSMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, major_status, minor_status, "[Client %d] Credentials not complete.", con->number);
    else if (major_status == GSS_S_COMPLETE)
    {
      major_status = gss_display_name(&minor_status, client_name,
				      &output_token, NULL);

      if (GSS_ERROR(major_status))
      {
	cupsdLogGSSMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, major_status, minor_status, "[Client %d] Error getting username.", con->number);
	gss_release_name(&minor_status, &client_name);
	gss_delete_sec_context(&minor_status, &context, GSS_C_NO_BUFFER);
	return;
      }

      cupsCopyString(username, output_token.value, sizeof(username));

      cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Authorized as \"%s\" using Negotiate.", username);

      gss_release_name(&minor_status, &client_name);
      gss_release_buffer(&minor_status, &output_token);

      con->type = CUPSD_AUTH_NEGOTIATE;
    }

    gss_delete_sec_context(&minor_status, &context, GSS_C_NO_BUFFER);

#  if defined(SO_PEERCRED) && defined(AF_LOCAL)
   /*
    * Get the client's UID if we are printing locally - that allows a backend
    * to run as the correct user to get Kerberos credentials of its own.
    */

    if (httpAddrFamily(con->http->hostaddr) == AF_LOCAL)
    {
      cupsd_ucred_t	peercred;	/* Peer credentials */
      socklen_t		peersize;	/* Size of peer credentials */

      peersize = sizeof(peercred);

#    ifdef __APPLE__
      if (getsockopt(httpGetFd(con->http), 0, LOCAL_PEERCRED, &peercred, &peersize))
#    else
      if (getsockopt(httpGetFd(con->http), SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &peercred,
                     &peersize))
#    endif /* __APPLE__ */
      {
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to get peer credentials - %s", strerror(errno));
      }
      else
      {
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Using credentials for UID %d.", CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred));
        con->gss_uid = CUPSD_UCRED_UID(peercred);
      }
    }
#  endif /* SO_PEERCRED && AF_LOCAL */
  }
#endif /* HAVE_GSSAPI */
  else
  {
    char	scheme[256];		/* Auth scheme... */


    if (sscanf(authorization, "%255s", scheme) != 1)
      cupsCopyString(scheme, "UNKNOWN", sizeof(scheme));

    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Bad authentication data \"%s ...\".", scheme);
    return;
  }

 /*
  * If we get here, then we were able to validate the username and
  * password - copy the validated username and password to the client
  * data and return...
  */

  cupsCopyString(con->username, username, sizeof(con->username));

  if (!con->realname[0])
    cupsCopyString(con->realname, username, sizeof(con->realname));

  cupsCopyString(con->password, password, sizeof(con->password));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCheckAccess()' - Check whether the given address is allowed to
 *                        access a location.
 */

int					/* O - 1 if allowed, 0 otherwise */
cupsdCheckAccess(
    unsigned         ip[4],		/* I - Client address */
    const char       *name,		/* I - Client hostname */
    size_t           namelen,		/* I - Length of hostname */
    cupsd_location_t *loc)		/* I - Location to check */
{
  int	allow;				/* 1 if allowed, 0 otherwise */


  if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "localhost"))
  {
   /*
    * Access from localhost (127.0.0.1 or ::1) is always allowed...
    */

    return (1);
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Do authorization checks on the domain/address...
    */

    switch (loc->order_type)
    {
      default :
	  allow = 0;	/* anti-compiler-warning-code */
	  break;

      case CUPSD_AUTH_ALLOW : /* Order Deny,Allow */
          allow = 1;

          if (cupsdCheckAuth(ip, name, namelen, loc->deny))
	    allow = 0;

          if (cupsdCheckAuth(ip, name, namelen, loc->allow))
	    allow = 1;
	  break;

      case CUPSD_AUTH_DENY : /* Order Allow,Deny */
          allow = 0;

          if (cupsdCheckAuth(ip, name, namelen, loc->allow))
	    allow = 1;

          if (cupsdCheckAuth(ip, name, namelen, loc->deny))
	    allow = 0;
	  break;
    }
  }

  return (allow);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCheckAuth()' - Check authorization masks.
 */

int					/* O - 1 if mask matches, 0 otherwise */
cupsdCheckAuth(unsigned     ip[4],	/* I - Client address */
	       const char   *name,	/* I - Client hostname */
	       size_t       name_len,	/* I - Length of hostname */
	       cups_array_t *masks)	/* I - Masks */
{
  int			i;		/* Looping var */
  cupsd_authmask_t	*mask;		/* Current mask */
  cupsd_netif_t		*iface;		/* Network interface */
  unsigned		netip4;		/* IPv4 network address */
#ifdef AF_INET6
  unsigned		netip6[4];	/* IPv6 network address */
#endif /* AF_INET6 */


  for (mask = (cupsd_authmask_t *)cupsArrayFirst(masks);
       mask;
       mask = (cupsd_authmask_t *)cupsArrayNext(masks))
  {
    switch (mask->type)
    {
      case CUPSD_AUTH_INTERFACE :
         /*
	  * Check for a match with a network interface...
	  */

          netip4 = htonl(ip[3]);

#ifdef AF_INET6
          netip6[0] = htonl(ip[0]);
          netip6[1] = htonl(ip[1]);
          netip6[2] = htonl(ip[2]);
          netip6[3] = htonl(ip[3]);
#endif /* AF_INET6 */

	  cupsdNetIFUpdate();

          if (!strcmp(mask->mask.name.name, "*"))
	  {
#ifdef __APPLE__
           /*
	    * Allow Back-to-My-Mac addresses...
	    */

	    if ((ip[0] & 0xff000000) == 0xfd000000)
	      return (1);
#endif /* __APPLE__ */

	   /*
	    * Check against all local interfaces...
	    */

	    for (iface = (cupsd_netif_t *)cupsArrayFirst(NetIFList);
		 iface;
		 iface = (cupsd_netif_t *)cupsArrayNext(NetIFList))
	    {
	     /*
	      * Only check local interfaces...
	      */

	      if (!iface->is_local)
	        continue;

              if (iface->address.addr.sa_family == AF_INET)
	      {
	       /*
	        * Check IPv4 address...
		*/

        	if ((netip4 & iface->mask.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr) ==
	            (iface->address.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr &
		     iface->mask.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr))
		  return (1);
              }
#ifdef AF_INET6
	      else
	      {
	       /*
	        * Check IPv6 address...
		*/

        	for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++)
		  if ((netip6[i] & iface->mask.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i]) !=
		      (iface->address.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i] &
		       iface->mask.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i]))
		    break;

		if (i == 4)
		  return (1);
              }
#endif /* AF_INET6 */
	    }
	  }
	  else
	  {
	   /*
	    * Check the named interface...
	    */

	    for (iface = (cupsd_netif_t *)cupsArrayFirst(NetIFList);
	         iface;
		 iface = (cupsd_netif_t *)cupsArrayNext(NetIFList))
	    {
              if (strcmp(mask->mask.name.name, iface->name))
                continue;

              if (iface->address.addr.sa_family == AF_INET)
	      {
	       /*
		* Check IPv4 address...
		*/

        	if ((netip4 & iface->mask.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr) ==
	            (iface->address.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr &
		     iface->mask.ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr))
		  return (1);
              }
#ifdef AF_INET6
	      else
	      {
	       /*
		* Check IPv6 address...
		*/

        	for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++)
		  if ((netip6[i] & iface->mask.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i]) !=
		      (iface->address.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i] &
		       iface->mask.ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[i]))
		    break;

		if (i == 4)
		  return (1);
              }
#endif /* AF_INET6 */
	    }
	  }
	  break;

      case CUPSD_AUTH_NAME :
         /*
	  * Check for exact name match...
	  */

          if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, mask->mask.name.name))
	    return (1);

         /*
	  * Check for domain match...
	  */

	  if (name_len >= mask->mask.name.length &&
	      mask->mask.name.name[0] == '.' &&
	      !_cups_strcasecmp(name + name_len - mask->mask.name.length,
	                  mask->mask.name.name))
	    return (1);
          break;

      case CUPSD_AUTH_IP :
         /*
	  * Check for IP/network address match...
	  */

          for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++)
	    if ((ip[i] & mask->mask.ip.netmask[i]) !=
	            mask->mask.ip.address[i])
	      break;

	  if (i == 4)
	    return (1);
          break;
    }
  }

  return (0);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCheckGroup()' - Check for a user's group membership.
 */

int					/* O - 1 if user is a member, 0 otherwise */
cupsdCheckGroup(
    const char    *username,		/* I - User name */
    struct passwd *user,		/* I - System user info */
    const char    *groupname)		/* I - Group name */
{
  int		i;			/* Looping var */
  struct group	*group;			/* Group info */
  gid_t		groupid;		/* ID of named group */
#ifdef HAVE_MBR_UID_TO_UUID
  uuid_t	useruuid,		/* UUID for username */
		groupuuid;		/* UUID for groupname */
  int		is_member;		/* True if user is a member of group */
#endif /* HAVE_MBR_UID_TO_UUID */


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdCheckGroup(username=\"%s\", user=%p, groupname=\"%s\")", username, (void *)user, groupname);

 /*
  * Validate input...
  */

  if (!username || !groupname)
    return (0);

 /*
  * Check to see if the user is a member of the named group...
  */

  group = getgrnam(groupname);
  endgrent();

  if (group != NULL)
  {
   /*
    * Group exists, check it...
    */

    groupid = group->gr_gid;

    for (i = 0; group->gr_mem[i]; i ++)
    {
     /*
      * User appears in the group membership...
      */

      if (!_cups_strcasecmp(username, group->gr_mem[i]))
	return (1);
    }

#ifdef HAVE_GETGROUPLIST
   /*
    * If the user isn't in the group membership list, try the results from
    * getgrouplist() which is supposed to return the full list of groups a user
    * belongs to...
    */

    if (user)
    {
      int	ngroups;		/* Number of groups */
#  ifdef __APPLE__
      int	groups[2048];		/* Groups that user belongs to */
#  else
      gid_t	groups[2048];		/* Groups that user belongs to */
#  endif /* __APPLE__ */

      ngroups = (int)(sizeof(groups) / sizeof(groups[0]));
#  ifdef __APPLE__
      getgrouplist(username, (int)user->pw_gid, groups, &ngroups);
#  else
      getgrouplist(username, user->pw_gid, groups, &ngroups);
#endif /* __APPLE__ */

      for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i ++)
        if ((int)groupid == (int)groups[i])
	  return (1);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_GETGROUPLIST */
  }
  else
    groupid = (gid_t)-1;

 /*
  * Group doesn't exist or user not in group list, check the group ID
  * against the user's group ID...
  */

  if (user && groupid == user->pw_gid)
    return (1);

#ifdef HAVE_MBR_UID_TO_UUID
 /*
  * Check group membership through macOS membership API...
  */

  if (user && !mbr_uid_to_uuid(user->pw_uid, useruuid))
  {
    if (groupid != (gid_t)-1)
    {
     /*
      * Map group name to UUID and check membership...
      */

      if (!mbr_gid_to_uuid(groupid, groupuuid))
        if (!mbr_check_membership(useruuid, groupuuid, &is_member))
	  if (is_member)
	    return (1);
    }
    else if (groupname[0] == '#')
    {
     /*
      * Use UUID directly and check for equality (user UUID) and
      * membership (group UUID)...
      */

      if (!uuid_parse((char *)groupname + 1, groupuuid))
      {
        if (!uuid_compare(useruuid, groupuuid))
	  return (1);
	else if (!mbr_check_membership(useruuid, groupuuid, &is_member))
	  if (is_member)
	    return (1);
      }

      return (0);
    }
  }
  else if (groupname[0] == '#')
    return (0);
#endif /* HAVE_MBR_UID_TO_UUID */

 /*
  * If we get this far, then the user isn't part of the named group...
  */

  return (0);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdCopyLocation()' - Make a copy of a location...
 */

cupsd_location_t *			/* O - New location */
cupsdCopyLocation(
    cupsd_location_t *loc)		/* I - Original location */
{
  cupsd_location_t	*temp;		/* New location */


 /*
  * Make a copy of the original location...
  */

  if ((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_location_t))) == NULL)
    return (NULL);

 /*
  * Copy the information from the original location to the new one.
  */

  if (!loc)
    return (temp);

  if (loc->location)
    temp->location = _cupsStrAlloc(loc->location);

  temp->length     = loc->length;
  temp->limit      = loc->limit;
  temp->order_type = loc->order_type;
  temp->type       = loc->type;
  temp->level      = loc->level;
  temp->satisfy    = loc->satisfy;
  temp->encryption = loc->encryption;

  if (loc->names)
  {
    if ((temp->names = cupsArrayDup(loc->names)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Unable to allocate memory for %d names: %s",
		      cupsArrayCount(loc->names), strerror(errno));

      cupsdFreeLocation(temp, NULL);
      return (NULL);
    }
  }

  if (loc->allow)
  {
   /*
    * Copy allow rules...
    */

    if ((temp->allow = cupsArrayDup(loc->allow)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Unable to allocate memory for %d allow rules: %s",
                      cupsArrayCount(loc->allow), strerror(errno));
      cupsdFreeLocation(temp, NULL);
      return (NULL);
    }
  }

  if (loc->deny)
  {
   /*
    * Copy deny rules...
    */

    if ((temp->deny = cupsArrayDup(loc->deny)) == NULL)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR,
                      "Unable to allocate memory for %d deny rules: %s",
                      cupsArrayCount(loc->deny), strerror(errno));
      cupsdFreeLocation(temp, NULL);
      return (NULL);
    }
  }

  return (temp);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdDeleteAllLocations()' - Free all memory used for location authorization.
 */

void
cupsdDeleteAllLocations(void)
{
 /*
  * Free the location array, which will free all of the locations...
  */

  cupsArrayDelete(Locations);
  Locations = NULL;
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFindBest()' - Find the location entry that best matches the resource.
 */

cupsd_location_t *			/* O - Location that matches */
cupsdFindBest(const char   *path,	/* I - Resource path */
              http_state_t state)	/* I - HTTP state/request */
{
  char			uri[HTTP_MAX_URI],
					/* URI in request... */
			*uriptr;	/* Pointer into URI */
  cupsd_location_t	*loc,		/* Current location */
			*best;		/* Best match for location so far */
  size_t		bestlen;	/* Length of best match */
  int			limit;		/* Limit field */
  static const int	limits[] =	/* Map http_status_t to CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_xyz */
		{
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_ALL,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_OPTIONS,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_GET,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_GET,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_HEAD,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_POST,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_POST,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_POST,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_PUT,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_PUT,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_DELETE,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_TRACE,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_ALL,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_ALL,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_ALL,
		  CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_ALL
		};


 /*
  * First copy the connection URI to a local string so we have drop
  * any .ppd extension from the pathname in /printers or /classes
  * URIs...
  */

  cupsCopyString(uri, path, sizeof(uri));

  if ((uriptr = strchr(uri, '?')) != NULL)
    *uriptr = '\0';		/* Drop trailing query string */

  if ((uriptr = uri + strlen(uri) - 1) > uri && *uriptr == '/')
    *uriptr = '\0';		/* Remove trailing '/' */

  if (!strncmp(uri, "/printers/", 10) ||
      !strncmp(uri, "/classes/", 9))
  {
   /*
    * Check if the URI has .ppd on the end...
    */

    uriptr = uri + strlen(uri) - 4; /* len > 4 if we get here... */

    if (!strcmp(uriptr, ".ppd"))
      *uriptr = '\0';
  }

 /*
  * Loop through the list of locations to find a match...
  */

  limit   = limits[state];
  best    = NULL;
  bestlen = 0;

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdFindBest: uri=\"%s\", limit=%x...", uri, limit);


  for (loc = (cupsd_location_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Locations);
       loc;
       loc = (cupsd_location_t *)cupsArrayNext(Locations))
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdFindBest: Location %s(%d) Limit %x", loc->location ? loc->location : "(null)", (int)loc->length, loc->limit);

    if (!strncmp(uri, "/printers/", 10) || !strncmp(uri, "/classes/", 9))
    {
     /*
      * Use case-insensitive comparison for queue names...
      */

      if (loc->length > bestlen && loc->location &&
          !_cups_strncasecmp(uri, loc->location, loc->length) &&
	  loc->location[0] == '/' &&
	  (limit & loc->limit) != 0)
      {
	best    = loc;
	bestlen = loc->length;
      }
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Use case-sensitive comparison for other URIs...
      */

      if (loc->length > bestlen && loc->location &&
          !strncmp(uri, loc->location, loc->length) &&
	  loc->location[0] == '/' &&
	  (limit & loc->limit) != 0)
      {
	best    = loc;
	bestlen = loc->length;
      }
    }
  }

 /*
  * Return the match, if any...
  */

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdFindBest: best=%s", best ? best->location : "NONE");

  return (best);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFindLocation()' - Find the named location.
 */

cupsd_location_t *			/* O - Location that matches */
cupsdFindLocation(const char *location)	/* I - Connection */
{
  cupsd_location_t	key;		/* Search key */


  key.location = (char *)location;

  return ((cupsd_location_t *)cupsArrayFind(Locations, &key));
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFindOAuthGroup()' - Find an OAuth group.
 */

cupsd_ogroup_t *			/* O - Group or `NULL` */
cupsdFindOAuthGroup(const char *name)	/* I - Group name */
{
  cupsd_ogroup_t	key,		/* Search key */
			*og;		/* Matching group */
  struct stat		fileinfo;	/* Group file information */


  key.name = (char *)name;
  if ((og = (cupsd_ogroup_t *)cupsArrayFind(OAuthGroups, &key)) != NULL)
  {
   /*
    * See if we need to reload the group file...
    */

    if (!stat(og->filename, &fileinfo) && (fileinfo.st_size != og->fileinfo.st_size || fileinfo.st_mtime > og->fileinfo.st_mtime))
      load_ogroup(og, &fileinfo);
  }

  return (og);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdFreeLocation()' - Free all memory used by a location.
 */

void cupsdFreeLocation(cupsd_location_t *loc, /* I - Location to free */
                       void *data)            /* Unused */
{
  (void)data;
  cupsArrayDelete(loc->names);
  cupsArrayDelete(loc->allow);
  cupsArrayDelete(loc->deny);

  _cupsStrFree(loc->location);
  free(loc);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdIsAuthorized()' - Check to see if the user is authorized...
 */

http_status_t				/* O - HTTP_OK if authorized or error code */
cupsdIsAuthorized(cupsd_client_t *con,	/* I - Connection */
                  const char     *owner)/* I - Owner of object */
{
  int			i,		/* Looping vars */
			auth,		/* Authorization status */
			type;		/* Type of authentication */
  http_addr_t		*hostaddr = httpGetAddress(con->http);
					/* Client address */
  const char		*hostname = httpGetHostname(con->http, NULL, 0);
					/* Client hostname */
  unsigned		address[4];	/* Authorization address */
  cupsd_location_t	*best;		/* Best match for location so far */
  size_t		hostlen;	/* Length of hostname */
  char			*name,		/* Current username */
			username[256],	/* Username to authorize */
			ownername[256],	/* Owner name to authorize */
			*ptr;		/* Pointer into username */
  struct passwd		*pw;		/* User password data */
  static const char * const levels[] =	/* Auth levels */
		{
		  "ANON",
		  "USER",
		  "GROUP"
		};
  static const char * const types[] =	/* Auth types */
		{
		  "None",
		  "Basic",
		  "Bearer",
		  "Negotiate"
		};


  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: con->uri=\"%s\", con->best=%p(%s)", con->uri, (void *)con->best, con->best ? con->best->location ? con->best->location : "(null)" : "");
  if (owner)
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: owner=\"%s\"", owner);

 /*
  * If there is no "best" authentication rule for this request, then
  * access is allowed from the local system and denied from other
  * addresses...
  */

  if (!con->best)
  {
    if (httpAddrLocalhost(httpGetAddress(con->http)) ||
        !strcmp(hostname, ServerName) ||
	cupsArrayFind(ServerAlias, (void *)hostname))
      return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
    else
      return (HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN);
  }

  best = con->best;

  if ((type = best->type) == CUPSD_AUTH_DEFAULT)
    type = cupsdDefaultAuthType();

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: level=CUPSD_AUTH_%s, type=%s, satisfy=CUPSD_AUTH_SATISFY_%s, num_names=%d", levels[best->level], types[type], best->satisfy ? "ANY" : "ALL", cupsArrayCount(best->names));

  if (best->limit == CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_IPP)
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: op=%x(%s)", best->op, ippOpString(best->op));

 /*
  * Check host/ip-based accesses...
  */

#ifdef AF_INET6
  if (httpAddrFamily(hostaddr) == AF_INET6)
  {
   /*
    * Copy IPv6 address...
    */

    address[0] = ntohl(hostaddr->ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0]);
    address[1] = ntohl(hostaddr->ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1]);
    address[2] = ntohl(hostaddr->ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2]);
    address[3] = ntohl(hostaddr->ipv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3]);
  }
  else
#endif /* AF_INET6 */
  if (con->http->hostaddr->addr.sa_family == AF_INET)
  {
   /*
    * Copy IPv4 address...
    */

    address[0] = 0;
    address[1] = 0;
    address[2] = 0;
    address[3] = ntohl(hostaddr->ipv4.sin_addr.s_addr);
  }
  else
    memset(address, 0, sizeof(address));

  hostlen = strlen(hostname);

  auth = cupsdCheckAccess(address, hostname, hostlen, best)
             ? CUPSD_AUTH_ALLOW : CUPSD_AUTH_DENY;

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: auth=CUPSD_AUTH_%s...", auth ? "DENY" : "ALLOW");

  if (auth == CUPSD_AUTH_DENY && best->satisfy == CUPSD_AUTH_SATISFY_ALL)
    return (HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN);

 /*
  * See if encryption is required...
  */

  if ((best->encryption >= HTTP_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED && !con->http->tls &&
      _cups_strcasecmp(hostname, "localhost") &&
      !httpAddrLocalhost(hostaddr) &&
      best->satisfy == CUPSD_AUTH_SATISFY_ALL) &&
      !(type == CUPSD_AUTH_NEGOTIATE ||
        (type == CUPSD_AUTH_NONE &&
         cupsdDefaultAuthType() == CUPSD_AUTH_NEGOTIATE)))
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                    "cupsdIsAuthorized: Need upgrade to TLS...");
    return (HTTP_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED);
  }

 /*
  * Now see what access level is required...
  */

  if (best->level == CUPSD_AUTH_ANON ||	/* Anonymous access - allow it */
      (type == CUPSD_AUTH_NONE && cupsArrayCount(best->names) == 0))
    return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);

  if (!con->username[0] && type == CUPSD_AUTH_NONE &&
      best->limit == CUPSD_AUTH_LIMIT_IPP)
  {
   /*
    * Check for unauthenticated username...
    */

    ipp_attribute_t	*attr;		/* requesting-user-name attribute */


    attr = ippFindAttribute(con->request, "requesting-user-name", IPP_TAG_NAME);
    if (attr)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG,
                      "cupsdIsAuthorized: requesting-user-name=\"%s\"",
                      attr->values[0].string.text);
      cupsCopyString(username, attr->values[0].string.text, sizeof(username));
    }
    else if (best->satisfy == CUPSD_AUTH_SATISFY_ALL || auth == CUPSD_AUTH_DENY)
      return (HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED);	/* Non-anonymous needs user/pass */
    else
      return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);			/* unless overridden with Satisfy */
  }
  else
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "cupsdIsAuthorized: username=\"%s\"",
	            con->username);

#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
    if (!con->username[0] && !con->authref)
#else
    if (!con->username[0])
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */
    {
      if (best->satisfy == CUPSD_AUTH_SATISFY_ALL || auth == CUPSD_AUTH_DENY)
	return (HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED);	/* Non-anonymous needs user/pass */
      else
	return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);		/* unless overridden with Satisfy */
    }


    if (con->type != type && type != CUPSD_AUTH_NONE &&
#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
        (type != CUPSD_AUTH_NEGOTIATE || con->gss_uid <= 0) &&
#endif /* HAVE_GSSAPI */
        con->type != CUPSD_AUTH_BASIC)
    {
      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Authorized using %s, expected %s.",
                      types[con->type], types[type]);

      return (HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED);
    }

    cupsCopyString(username, con->username, sizeof(username));
  }

 /*
  * OK, got a username.  See if we need normal user access, or group
  * access...
  */

 /*
  * Strip any @domain or @KDC from the username and owner...
  */

  if (type != CUPSD_AUTH_BEARER && StripUserDomain && (ptr = strchr(username, '@')) != NULL)
    *ptr = '\0';

  if (owner)
  {
    cupsCopyString(ownername, owner, sizeof(ownername));

    if (type != CUPSD_AUTH_BEARER && StripUserDomain && (ptr = strchr(ownername, '@')) != NULL)
      *ptr = '\0';
  }
  else
    ownername[0] = '\0';

  if (type == CUPSD_AUTH_BEARER)
  {
   /*
    * Lookup access via OAuth groups...
    */

    cupsd_ogroup_t	*og;		// Current OAuth group

    if (best->level == CUPSD_AUTH_USER)
    {
     /*
      * If there are no names associated with this location, then any valid user
      * is OK...
      */

      if (cupsArrayCount(best->names) == 0)
	return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);

     /*
      * Otherwise check the user list and return OK if this user is allowed...
      */

      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking user membership...");

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names); name; name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@OWNER") && owner && !_cups_strcasecmp(username, ownername))
	{
	  // User is owner...
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
	else if (name[0] == '@')
	{
	  // Check OAuth group membership...
	  if ((og = cupsdFindOAuthGroup(name + 1)) == NULL)
	  {
	    // Group not defined...
	    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Authorization policy requires undefined OAuth group \"%s\", ignoring.", name + 1);
	  }
	  else if (cupsArrayFind(og->members, username) || (con->email[0] && cupsArrayFind(og->members, con->email)))
	  {
	    // User is in group...
	    return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	  }
	}
	else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(username, name) || (con->email[0] && !_cups_strcasecmp(con->email, name)))
	{
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
      }
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Check to see if this user is in any of the named groups...
      */

      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking group membership...");

     /*
      * Check to see if this user is in any of the named groups...
      */

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names); name; name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking group \"%s\" membership.", name);

	if ((og = cupsdFindOAuthGroup(name)) == NULL)
	{
	  // Group not defined...
	  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Authorization policy requires undefined OAuth group \"%s\", ignoring.", name + 1);
	}
	else if (cupsArrayFind(og->members, username) || (con->email[0] && cupsArrayFind(og->members, con->email)))
	{
	  // User is in group...
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
   /*
    * Get the (local) user info...
    */

    if (username[0])
    {
      pw = getpwnam(username);
      endpwent();
    }
    else
      pw = NULL;

   /*
    * For matching user and group memberships below we will first go
    * through all names except @SYSTEM to authorize the task as
    * non-administrative, like printing or deleting one's own job, if this
    * fails we will check whether we can authorize via the special name
    * @SYSTEM, as an administrative task, like creating a print queue or
    * deleting someone else's job.
    *
    * Note that tasks are considered as administrative by the policies
    * in cupsd.conf, when they require the user or group @SYSTEM.
    * We do this separation because if the client is a Snap connecting via
    * domain socket, we need to additionally check whether it plugs to us
    * through the "cups-control" interface which allows administration and
    * not through the "cups" interface which allows only printing.
    */

    if (best->level == CUPSD_AUTH_USER)
    {
     /*
      * If there are no names associated with this location, then
      * any valid user is OK...
      */

      if (cupsArrayCount(best->names) == 0)
	return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);

     /*
      * Otherwise check the user list and return OK if this user is
      * allowed...
      */

      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking user membership...");

#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
     /*
      * If an authorization reference was supplied it must match a right name...
      */

      if (con->authref)
      {
	for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	     name;
	     name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
	{
	  if (!_cups_strncasecmp(name, "@AUTHKEY(", 9) && check_authref(con, name + 9))
	    return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}

	for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	     name;
	     name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
	{
	  if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM") && SystemGroupAuthKey &&
	      check_authref(con, SystemGroupAuthKey))
	    return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}

	return (HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN);
      }
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	   name;
	   name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@OWNER") && owner &&
	    !_cups_strcasecmp(username, ownername))
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM"))
	{
	  /* Do @SYSTEM later, when every other entry fails */
	  continue;
	}
	else if (name[0] == '@')
	{
	  if (cupsdCheckGroup(username, pw, name + 1))
	    return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
	else if (!_cups_strcasecmp(username, name))
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
      }

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	   name;
	   name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM"))
	{
	  for (i = 0; i < NumSystemGroups; i ++)
	    if (cupsdCheckGroup(username, pw, SystemGroups[i]) && check_admin_access(con))
	      return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
      }
    }
    else
    {
     /*
      * Check to see if this user is in any of the named groups...
      */

      cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking group membership...");

     /*
      * Check to see if this user is in any of the named groups...
      */

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	   name;
	   name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM"))
	{
	  /* Do @SYSTEM later, when every other entry fails */
	  continue;
	}

	cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking group \"%s\" membership...", name);

	if (cupsdCheckGroup(username, pw, name))
	  return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
      }

      for (name = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(best->names);
	   name;
	   name = (char *)cupsArrayNext(best->names))
      {
	if (!_cups_strcasecmp(name, "@SYSTEM"))
	{
	  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "cupsdIsAuthorized: Checking group \"%s\" membership...", name);

	  for (i = 0; i < NumSystemGroups; i ++)
	    if (cupsdCheckGroup(username, pw, SystemGroups[i]) && check_admin_access(con))
	      return (HTTP_STATUS_OK);
	}
      }
    }
  }

 /*
  * The user isn't part of the specified users or groups, so deny access...
  */

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "cupsdIsAuthorized: User not in group(s).");

  return (con->username[0] ? HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN : HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED);
}


/*
 * 'cupsdNewLocation()' - Create a new location for authorization.
 *
 * Note: Still need to call cupsdAddLocation() to add it to the list of global
 * locations.
 */

cupsd_location_t *			/* O - Pointer to new location record */
cupsdNewLocation(const char *location)	/* I - Location path */
{
  cupsd_location_t	*temp;		/* New location */


 /*
  * Try to allocate memory for the new location.
  */

  if ((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(cupsd_location_t))) == NULL)
    return (NULL);

 /*
  * Initialize the record and copy the name over...
  */

  if ((temp->location = _cupsStrAlloc(location)) == NULL)
  {
    free(temp);
    return (NULL);
  }

  temp->length = strlen(temp->location);

 /*
  * Return the new record...
  */

  return (temp);
}


/*
 * 'check_admin_access()' - Verify that the client has administrative access.
 */

static int				// O - 1 if authorized, 0 otherwise
check_admin_access(cupsd_client_t *con) // I - Client connection
{
  (void)con;

#if defined(HAVE_LIBAPPARMOR) && defined(HAVE_LIBSNAPDGLIB)
 /*
  * If the client accesses locally via domain socket, find out whether it
  * is a Snap.  Grant access if it is not a Snap, if it is a classic Snap
  * or if it is a confined Snap which plugs "cups-control".  Otherwise deny
  * access.
  */

  int		fd = httpGetFd(con->http);
					// Client socket file descriptor
  char		*context = NULL;	// AppArmor profile name of client
  SnapdClient	*client = NULL;		// Data structure of snapd access
  GError	*error = NULL;		// Glib error
  int		ret = 1;		// Return value
#  if !CUPS_SNAP
  SnapdSnap	*snap = NULL;		// Data structure of client Snap
#  endif // !CUPS_SNAP


#  ifdef AF_LOCAL
  // Only check domain sockets...
  if (httpAddrFamily(con->http->hostaddr) != AF_LOCAL)
    return (1);
#  endif // AF_LOCAL

#  if !CUPS_SNAP
  // If AppArmor is not enabled, then we can't identify the client...
  if (!aa_is_enabled())
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "AppArmor not in use.");
    return (1);
  }
#  endif /* !CUPS_SNAP */

  // Get the client's AppArmor context using the socket...
  if (aa_getpeercon(fd, &context, NULL) < 0)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "AppArmor profile could not be retrieved: %s", strerror(errno));
    return (1);
  }
  else
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "AppArmor profile is '%s'.", context);
  }

  // Allow access from "cups" snap...
  if (!strncmp(context, "snap.cups.", 10))
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Client from the CUPS Snap itself - allowed.");
    goto done;
  }

#  if CUPS_SNAP && defined(HAVE_SNAPD_CLIENT_RUN_SNAPCTL2_SYNC)
 /*
  * CUPS is snapped, so check whether the client is also snapped.  If so,
  * determine whether the client snap has a "cups-control" plug which allows
  * the application to perform CUPS administrative tasks.
  */

  const char	*cookie;		// snapd access cookie
  int		status = 65535;		// Status of client Snap context check
  const char	*args[] =		// snapctl arguments
  {
    "is-connected",
    "--apparmor-label",
    NULL,
    "cups-control",
    NULL
  };

  // Connect to snapd
  if ((client = snapd_client_new()) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to connect to snapd.");
    ret = 0;
    goto done;
  }

  // snapctl commands are sent over a domain socket
  snapd_client_set_socket_path(client, "/run/snapd-snap.socket");

  // Take cookie from the environment if available
  if ((cookie = g_getenv("SNAP_COOKIE")) == NULL)
  {
    cookie = "";
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_WARN, "No SNAP_COOKIE set in the Snap environment.");
  }

  // Do the client Snap context check...
  args[2] = context;

  if (!snapd_client_run_snapctl2_sync(client, cookie, (char **)args, NULL, NULL, &status, NULL, &error))
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to check snap context: %s", error->message);
    ret = 0;
    goto done;
  }

  switch (status)
  {
    case 0 : // The client is a confined Snap and plugs cups-control
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Snap with cups-control plug - allowed.");
	break;
    case 1 : // The client is a confined Snap and does not plug cups-control
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Snap without cups-control plug - denied.");
	ret = 0;
	break;
    case 10 : // The client is a classic Snap
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Classic snap - allowed.");
	break;
    case 11 : // The client is not a Snap
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Not a snap - allowed.");
	break;
    default : // Unexpected status...
	cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Snap check returned unexpected status %d - denied.", status);
	ret = 0;
	break;
  }

#  elif !CUPS_SNAP
 /*
  * If CUPS is not snapped, check whether the client is snapped and if it has
  * the "cups-control" plug.
  */

  // Is the client a snapped application?
  if (strncmp(context, "snap.", 5))
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Not a snap - allowed.");
    goto done;
  }

  // Extract the snap name from the context (snap.name.instance)
  char *snap_name = strdup(context + 5);// Snap name follows "snap."
  char *ptr = strchr(snap_name, '.');	// instance follows the name...
  if (!ptr)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Malformed snapd AppArmor profile name '%s' - denied.", context);
    free(snap_name);
    ret = 0;
    goto done;
  }

  *ptr = '\0';
  cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Client snap is '%s'.", snap_name);

  // Connect to snapd
  if ((client = snapd_client_new()) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to connect to snapd.");
    free(snap_name);
    ret = 0;
    goto done;
  }

  // Check whether the client Snap is under classic confinement
  GPtrArray *plugs = NULL;		// List of plugs for snap

  if ((snap = snapd_client_get_snap_sync(client, snap_name, NULL, &error)) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Unable to get client Snap data: %s", error->message);
    ret = 0;
  }
  // Snaps using classic confinement are granted access
  else if (snapd_snap_get_confinement(snap) == SNAPD_CONFINEMENT_CLASSIC)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Classic snap - allowed.");
  }
  // Check whether the client Snap has the cups-control plug
  else if (!snapd_client_get_connections2_sync(client, SNAPD_GET_CONNECTIONS_FLAGS_NONE, snap_name, "cups-control", NULL, NULL, &plugs, NULL, NULL, &error))
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Unable to get client Snap plugs: %s", error->message);
    ret = 0;
  }
  else if (!plugs || plugs->len <= 0)
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Snap without cups-control plug - denied.");
    ret = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    cupsdLogClient(con, CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG, "Snap with cups-control plug - allowed.");
  }

  if (plugs)
    g_ptr_array_unref(plugs);

  free(snap_name);
  g_clear_object(&snap);

#  endif // CUPS_SNAP

  done:

  free(context);
  g_clear_object(&client);

  return (ret);

#else
  // No AppArmor/snapd to deal with...
  return (1);
#endif // HAVE_LIBAPPARMOR && HAVE_LIBSNAPDGLIB
}


#ifdef HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H
/*
 * 'check_authref()' - Check if an authorization services reference has the
 *		       supplied right.
 */

static int				/* O - 1 if right is valid, 0 otherwise */
check_authref(cupsd_client_t *con,	/* I - Connection */
	      const char     *right)	/* I - Right name */
{
  OSStatus		status;		/* OS Status */
  AuthorizationItem	authright;	/* Authorization right */
  AuthorizationRights	authrights;	/* Authorization rights */
  AuthorizationFlags	authflags;	/* Authorization flags */


 /*
  * Check to see if the user is allowed to perform the task...
  */

  if (!con->authref)
    return (0);

  authright.name        = right;
  authright.valueLength = 0;
  authright.value       = NULL;
  authright.flags       = 0;

  authrights.count = 1;
  authrights.items = &authright;

  authflags = kAuthorizationFlagDefaults |
	      kAuthorizationFlagExtendRights;

  if ((status = AuthorizationCopyRights(con->authref, &authrights,
					kAuthorizationEmptyEnvironment,
					authflags, NULL)) != 0)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "AuthorizationCopyRights(\"%s\") returned %d", authright.name, (int)status);
    return (0);
  }

  cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_DEBUG2, "AuthorizationCopyRights(\"%s\") succeeded.", authright.name);

  return (1);
}
#endif /* HAVE_AUTHORIZATION_H */


/*
 * 'compare_locations()' - Compare two locations.
 */

static int				/* O - Result of comparison */
compare_locations(cupsd_location_t *a,	/* I - First location */
                  cupsd_location_t *b,	/* I - Second location */
                  void *data)		/* I - Callback data (unused) */
{
  (void)data;

  return (strcmp(b->location, a->location));
}


/*
 * 'compare_ogroups()' - Compare two OAuth groups.
 */

static int				/* O - Result of comparison */
compare_ogroups(cupsd_ogroup_t *a,	/* I - First group */
                cupsd_ogroup_t *b,	/* I - Second group */
                void           *data)	/* I - Callback data (unused) */
{
  (void)data;

  return (_cups_strcasecmp(a->name, b->name));
}


/*
 * 'copy_authmask()' - Copy function for auth masks.
 */

static cupsd_authmask_t	*		/* O - New auth mask */
copy_authmask(cupsd_authmask_t *mask,	/* I - Existing auth mask */
              void             *data)	/* I - User data (unused) */
{
  cupsd_authmask_t	*temp;		/* New auth mask */


  (void)data;

  if ((temp = malloc(sizeof(cupsd_authmask_t))) != NULL)
  {
    memcpy(temp, mask, sizeof(cupsd_authmask_t));

    if (temp->type == CUPSD_AUTH_NAME || temp->type == CUPSD_AUTH_INTERFACE)
    {
     /*
      * Make a copy of the name...
      */

      if ((temp->mask.name.name = _cupsStrAlloc(temp->mask.name.name)) == NULL)
      {
       /*
        * Failed to make copy...
	*/

        free(temp);
	temp = NULL;
      }
    }
  }

  return (temp);
}


/*
 * 'free_authmask()' - Free function for auth masks.
 */

static void
free_authmask(cupsd_authmask_t *mask,	/* I - Auth mask to free */
              void             *data)	/* I - Callback data (unused) */
{
  (void)data;

  if (mask->type == CUPSD_AUTH_NAME || mask->type == CUPSD_AUTH_INTERFACE)
    _cupsStrFree(mask->mask.name.name);

  free(mask);
}


/*
 * 'free_ogroup()' - Free an OAuth group.
 */

static void
free_ogroup(cupsd_ogroup_t *og,		/* I - OAuth group */
            void           *data)	/* I - Callback data (unused) */
{
  (void)data;

  free(og->name);
  free(og->filename);
  cupsArrayDelete(og->members);
  free(og);
}


/*
 * 'load_ogroup()' - Load an OAuth group file.
 */

static int				/* O - 1 on success, 0 on failure */
load_ogroup(cupsd_ogroup_t *og,		/* I - OAuth group */
            struct stat    *fileinfo)	/* I - File information */
{
  cups_file_t	*fp;			/* File pointer */
  char		line[1024];		/* Line from file */


 /*
  * Make sure we have a fresh members array...
  */

  cupsArrayDelete(og->members);
  if ((og->members = cupsArrayNewStrings(/*s*/NULL, /*delim*/'\0')) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate members array for OAuth group %s: %s", og->name, strerror(errno));
    return (0);
  }

 /*
  * Load the members file...
  */

  if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(og->filename, "r")) == NULL)
  {
    cupsdLogMessage(CUPSD_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to open OAuth group %s filename \"%s\": %s", og->name, og->filename, strerror(errno));
    return (0);
  }

  while (cupsFileGets(fp, line, sizeof(line)))
    cupsArrayAdd(og->members, line);

  cupsFileClose(fp);

  og->fileinfo = *fileinfo;

  return (1);
}


#if HAVE_LIBPAM
/*
 * 'pam_func()' - PAM conversation function.
 */

static int				/* O - Success or failure */
pam_func(
    int                      num_msg,	/* I - Number of messages */
    const struct pam_message **msg,	/* I - Messages */
    struct pam_response      **resp,	/* O - Responses */
    void                     *appdata_ptr)
					/* I - Pointer to connection */
{
  int			i;		/* Looping var */
  struct pam_response	*replies;	/* Replies */
  cupsd_authdata_t	*data;		/* Pointer to auth data */


 /*
  * Allocate memory for the responses...
  */

  if ((replies = malloc(sizeof(struct pam_response) * (size_t)num_msg)) == NULL)
    return (PAM_CONV_ERR);

 /*
  * Answer all of the messages...
  */

  data = (cupsd_authdata_t *)appdata_ptr;

  for (i = 0; i < num_msg; i ++)
  {
    switch (msg[i]->msg_style)
    {
      case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
          replies[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
          replies[i].resp         = strdup(data->username);
          break;

      case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
          replies[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
          replies[i].resp         = strdup(data->password);
          break;

      case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
          replies[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
          replies[i].resp         = NULL;
          break;

      case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
          replies[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
          replies[i].resp         = NULL;
          break;

      default:
          free(replies);
          return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
    }
  }

 /*
  * Return the responses back to PAM...
  */

  *resp = replies;

  return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPAM */