doc/help/raster-driver.html

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 342 <!--
 343   "$Id$"
 344
 345   Raster printer driver documentation for CUPS.
 346
 347   Copyright 2007-2010 by Apple Inc.
 348   Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
 349
 350   These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
 351   property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
 352   law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
 353   which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
 354   file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
 355 -->
 356
 357 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 358
 359 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding Mac OS X features</a>.</p>
 360
 361 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 362 <tbody>
 363 <tr>
 364         <th>See Also</th>
 365         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 366         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 367         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 368         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 369         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 370         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 371 </tr>
 372 </tbody>
 373 </table></div>
 374 <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 375 <ul class="contents">
 376 <ul class="subcontents">
 377 <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 378 <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 379 <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 380 <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 381 <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding Mac OS X Features</a></li>
 382 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 383
 384 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 385
 386 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 387
 388 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 389 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 390 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 391 </table></div>
 392
 393 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 394
 395 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 396 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 397 <thead>
 398 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 399 </thead>
 400 <tbody>
 401 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 402 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 403 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 404 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 405 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 406 </tbody>
 407 </table></div>
 408
 409 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 410
 411 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 412
 413 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 414
 415 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 416 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 417 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 418 </table></div>
 419
 420 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 421
 422
 423 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 424
 425 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 426
 427 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 428
 429 <pre class='example'>
 430 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 431 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 432 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 433
 434 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 435 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 436
 437 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 438 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 439
 440 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 441 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 442
 443 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 444 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 445
 446 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 447 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 448 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 449
 450 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 451 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 452 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 453 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 454 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 455 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 456 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 457 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 458
 459 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 460 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 461
 462 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 463 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 464 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 465 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 466 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 467 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 468 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 469 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 470 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 471
 472 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 473 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 474
 475 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 476 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 477 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 478
 479 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 480 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 481 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 482 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 483 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 484 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 485
 486 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 487 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 488 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 489
 490 {
 491   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 492   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 493   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 494   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 495 }
 496
 497 {
 498   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 499   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 500   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 501   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 502
 503   {
 504     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 505     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 506     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 507     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 508   }
 509
 510   {
 511     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 512     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 513     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 514     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 515   }
 516 }
 517 </pre>
 518
 519
 520 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 521
 522 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 523 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 524
 525 <pre class='example'>
 526 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 527 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 528 </pre>
 529
 530 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 531
 532 <pre class='example'>
 533 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 534 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 535 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 536 </pre>
 537
 538
 539 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 540
 541 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 542
 543 <pre class='example'>
 544 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 545 </pre>
 546
 547 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 548
 549 <pre class='example'>
 550 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 551 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 552 </pre>
 553
 554 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 555
 556 <h3><span class='info'>Since Mac OS X 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 557
 558 <p>Mac OS X printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 559
 560 <pre class='example'>
 561 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 562 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 563 </pre>
 564
 565
 566 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding Mac OS X Features</a></h2>
 567
 568 <p>Mac OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 569
 570 <pre class='example'>
 571 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 572 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 573 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 574 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 575 </pre>
 576 </div>
 577 </body>
 578 </html>