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4109b97c RE |
2 | INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM |
3 | --------------------------------- | |
79e259e3 | 4 | |
4d8743f4 RL |
5 | [Installation on DOS (with djgpp), Windows, OpenVMS, MacOS (before MacOS X) |
6 | and NetWare is described in INSTALL.DJGPP, INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS, | |
7 | INSTALL.MacOS and INSTALL.NW. | |
8 | ||
d5492d9b RL |
9 | This document describes installation on operating systems in the Unix |
10 | family.] | |
4109b97c RE |
11 | |
12 | To install OpenSSL, you will need: | |
79e259e3 | 13 | |
d57d85ff | 14 | * make |
abb3e53f | 15 | * Perl 5 |
73bfb9ad | 16 | * an ANSI C compiler |
d57d85ff RL |
17 | * a development environment in form of development libraries and C |
18 | header files | |
80611577 | 19 | * a supported Unix operating system |
79e259e3 | 20 | |
4109b97c RE |
21 | Quick Start |
22 | ----------- | |
79e259e3 | 23 | |
4109b97c | 24 | If you want to just get on with it, do: |
79e259e3 | 25 | |
b1fe6b43 | 26 | $ ./config |
4109b97c | 27 | $ make |
4109b97c RE |
28 | $ make test |
29 | $ make install | |
79e259e3 | 30 | |
d872c55c | 31 | [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.] |
b1fe6b43 | 32 | |
4109b97c RE |
33 | This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for |
34 | historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else, | |
462ba4f6 | 35 | run config like this: |
79e259e3 | 36 | |
462ba4f6 | 37 | $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl |
79e259e3 | 38 | |
b1fe6b43 UM |
39 | |
40 | Configuration Options | |
41 | --------------------- | |
42 | ||
2d99cee7 BM |
43 | There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize |
44 | the build: | |
2613c1fa | 45 | |
b1fe6b43 UM |
46 | --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl. |
47 | Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl | |
48 | or the directory specified by --openssldir. | |
462ba4f6 UM |
49 | |
50 | --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified, | |
51 | the library files and binaries are also installed there. | |
52 | ||
5f8d5c96 BM |
53 | no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded |
54 | applications. | |
55 | ||
56 | threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications. | |
57 | This will usually require additional system-dependent options! | |
58 | See "Note on multi-threading" below. | |
59 | ||
e452de9d RL |
60 | no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and |
61 | decompression. | |
62 | ||
63 | zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression. | |
64 | ||
65 | zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically | |
66 | when needed. This is only supported on systems where loading | |
f1ca5f5b | 67 | of shared libraries is supported. This is the default choice. |
e452de9d | 68 | |
fcc6a1c4 RL |
69 | no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries. |
70 | ||
71 | shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared | |
72 | libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on | |
73 | shared libraries" below. | |
74 | ||
b1fe6b43 | 75 | no-asm Do not use assembler code. |
462ba4f6 UM |
76 | |
77 | 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is | |
e09e7ab3 UM |
78 | more efficient, but requires at least a 486). Note: Use |
79 | compiler flags for any other CPU specific configuration, | |
6e16b45d | 80 | e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on an x64 system. |
2613c1fa | 81 | |
216ddfaf AP |
82 | no-sse2 Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extention is |
83 | detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the | |
84 | machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU | |
85 | capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS | |
86 | kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4 | |
87 | processor, then your application might be exposed to | |
88 | "illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way | |
89 | to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be | |
90 | compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to | |
91 | disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up, | |
92 | but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel, | |
93 | consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply | |
94 | no-sse2. | |
95 | ||
b1fe6b43 UM |
96 | no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa, |
97 | hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha). | |
92afda6c UM |
98 | The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running |
99 | "make depend". | |
b1fe6b43 | 100 | |
e09e7ab3 | 101 | -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -mxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will |
b1fe6b43 UM |
102 | be passed through to the compiler to allow you to |
103 | define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries, | |
104 | library directories or other compiler options. | |
105 | ||
79e259e3 | 106 | |
4109b97c RE |
107 | Installation in Detail |
108 | ---------------------- | |
c9f06e7f | 109 | |
4109b97c | 110 | 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically: |
c9f06e7f | 111 | |
b1fe6b43 | 112 | $ ./config [options] |
c9f06e7f | 113 | |
4109b97c | 114 | This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and |
b1fe6b43 | 115 | configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see |
db209ec2 UM |
116 | if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you |
117 | are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was | |
118 | wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2. | |
c9f06e7f | 119 | |
b1fe6b43 UM |
120 | On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows: |
121 | ||
122 | $ ./config -d [options] | |
123 | ||
c9f06e7f | 124 | 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually |
79e259e3 | 125 | |
4109b97c RE |
126 | OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and |
127 | compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run | |
79e259e3 | 128 | |
4109b97c | 129 | $ ./Configure |
79e259e3 | 130 | |
4109b97c RE |
131 | Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most |
132 | operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When | |
133 | you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name | |
134 | as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would | |
135 | run: | |
79e259e3 | 136 | |
b1fe6b43 | 137 | $ ./Configure linux-elf [options] |
79e259e3 PS |
138 | |
139 | If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure | |
73bfb9ad | 140 | program and add the correct configuration for your system. The |
db209ec2 UM |
141 | generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit |
142 | systems. | |
79e259e3 | 143 | |
b1fe6b43 UM |
144 | Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and |
145 | defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from | |
80611577 | 146 | crypto/opensslconf.h.in). |
79e259e3 | 147 | |
462ba4f6 | 148 | 2. Build OpenSSL by running: |
79e259e3 | 149 | |
4109b97c | 150 | $ make |
79e259e3 | 151 | |
4109b97c RE |
152 | This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the |
153 | OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level | |
154 | directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory. | |
79e259e3 | 155 | |
a652ffc4 | 156 | If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for |
9020b862 | 157 | the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing |
a652ffc4 RL |
158 | standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please |
159 | report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your | |
7650934f | 160 | message will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable |
a985ecdd | 161 | via http://www.openssl.org/support/rt.html and will be forwarded to a |
123e5dfc | 162 | public mailing list). Include the output of "make report" in your message. |
7650934f LJ |
163 | Please check out the request tracker. Maybe the bug was already |
164 | reported or has already been fixed. | |
b1fe6b43 | 165 | |
436a376b | 166 | [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm" |
b82ccbb7 | 167 | configuration option as an immediate fix.] |
436a376b | 168 | |
91174a91 UM |
169 | Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system |
170 | compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems. | |
171 | ||
462ba4f6 | 172 | 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run: |
79e259e3 | 173 | |
4109b97c | 174 | $ make test |
79e259e3 | 175 | |
a652ffc4 RL |
176 | If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for |
177 | the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing | |
178 | or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, | |
c0ac3233 | 179 | try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAG line |
a652ffc4 RL |
180 | in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug |
181 | report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of | |
7650934f | 182 | "make report" in order to be added to the request tracker at |
a985ecdd | 183 | http://www.openssl.org/support/rt.html. |
b1fe6b43 | 184 | |
462ba4f6 | 185 | 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with |
79e259e3 | 186 | |
4109b97c | 187 | $ make install |
79e259e3 | 188 | |
4109b97c | 189 | This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and |
33d50ef6 | 190 | then the following subdirectories: |
79e259e3 | 191 | |
462ba4f6 UM |
192 | certs Initially empty, this is the default location |
193 | for certificate files. | |
435b72dd BM |
194 | man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool |
195 | man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete) | |
7e05db95 | 196 | misc Various scripts. |
b1fe6b43 UM |
197 | private Initially empty, this is the default location |
198 | for private key files. | |
462ba4f6 | 199 | |
f4e723f3 | 200 | If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the |
33d50ef6 | 201 | following additional subdirectories will be created: |
79e259e3 | 202 | |
462ba4f6 UM |
203 | bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other |
204 | utility programs. | |
205 | include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to | |
206 | compile programs with libcrypto or libssl. | |
33d50ef6 | 207 | lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves. |
79e259e3 | 208 | |
e5f3045f BM |
209 | Package builders who want to configure the library for standard |
210 | locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that | |
211 | it can easily be packaged, can use | |
212 | ||
213 | $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install | |
214 | ||
7e05db95 | 215 | (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure |
e5f3045f BM |
216 | option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all |
217 | installation target filenames. | |
218 | ||
219 | ||
4fd53220 BM |
220 | NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include |
221 | directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that | |
222 | OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the | |
223 | same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL | |
224 | should now use C preprocessor directives of the form | |
225 | ||
226 | #include <openssl/ssl.h> | |
227 | ||
228 | instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions | |
229 | up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b. | |
230 | ||
231 | If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version, | |
232 | you should delete the old header files in the include directory. | |
233 | ||
234 | Compatibility issues: | |
235 | ||
236 | * COMPILING existing applications | |
237 | ||
238 | To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g. | |
239 | "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find | |
240 | the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and | |
241 | add a C option such as | |
242 | ||
243 | -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl | |
244 | ||
245 | to it. | |
246 | ||
247 | But don't delete the existing -I option that points to | |
248 | the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files | |
249 | could not #include each other. | |
250 | ||
251 | * WRITING applications | |
252 | ||
253 | To write an application that is able to handle both the new | |
254 | and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled | |
255 | with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering | |
256 | the user, you can proceed as follows: | |
257 | ||
258 | - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files, | |
259 | e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>. | |
260 | ||
261 | - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic | |
262 | link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory | |
263 | of OpenSSL. | |
264 | For example, your application's Makefile might contain the | |
265 | following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or | |
266 | relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides: | |
267 | ||
268 | incl/openssl: | |
269 | -mkdir incl | |
270 | cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists | |
271 | -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl | |
272 | ||
273 | You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies | |
274 | of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file. | |
275 | ||
276 | - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS. | |
277 | ||
278 | With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available | |
279 | under both name variants if an old library version is used: | |
280 | Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>, | |
281 | while the header files still are able to #include each other | |
282 | with names of the form <foo.h>. | |
283 | ||
284 | ||
5f8d5c96 BM |
285 | Note on multi-threading |
286 | ----------------------- | |
287 | ||
288 | For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options | |
289 | are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded | |
290 | applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled | |
291 | by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be | |
292 | necessary). | |
293 | ||
294 | On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have | |
33d50ef6 | 295 | to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option. |
5f8d5c96 BM |
296 | (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this |
297 | case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but | |
298 | you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message | |
299 | from the Configure script.) | |
300 | ||
fcc6a1c4 RL |
301 | |
302 | Note on shared libraries | |
303 | ------------------------ | |
304 | ||
af32387b UM |
305 | Shared libraries have certain caveats. Binary backward compatibility |
306 | can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0. The only reason to | |
307 | use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs | |
308 | are using OpenSSL. | |
c1c97165 | 309 | |
fcc6a1c4 RL |
310 | For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to |
311 | build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems, | |
312 | the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving | |
313 | the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile | |
314 | targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets | |
315 | can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected | |
316 | to change in future versions of OpenSSL. | |
96c930dd LJ |
317 | |
318 | Note on random number generation | |
319 | -------------------------------- | |
320 | ||
321 | Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for | |
322 | secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the | |
323 | internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse | |
324 | to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur. | |
325 | On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary | |
326 | to install additional support software to obtain random seed. | |
327 | Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(), | |
328 | and the FAQ for more information. | |
4a9476dd RL |
329 | |
330 | Note on support for multiple builds | |
331 | ----------------------------------- | |
332 | ||
e09e7ab3 | 333 | OpenSSL is usually built in its source tree. Unfortunately, this doesn't |
4a9476dd RL |
334 | support building for multiple platforms from the same source tree very well. |
335 | It is however possible to build in a separate tree through the use of lots | |
336 | of symbolic links, which should be prepared like this: | |
337 | ||
338 | mkdir -p objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`" | |
339 | cd objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`" | |
340 | (cd $OPENSSL_SOURCE; find . -type f) | while read F; do | |
341 | mkdir -p `dirname $F` | |
4e59cd3b RL |
342 | rm -f $F; ln -s $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F $F |
343 | echo $F '->' $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F | |
4a9476dd | 344 | done |
a0cd3ca6 | 345 | make -f Makefile.org clean |
4a9476dd RL |
346 | |
347 | OPENSSL_SOURCE is an environment variable that contains the absolute (this | |
348 | is important!) path to the OpenSSL source tree. | |
349 | ||
350 | Also, operations like 'make update' should still be made in the source tree. |