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3%%Title: bashref.dvi
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570%%EndFont
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571%%BeginFont: CMMI9
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17345e5a
JA
574% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
57511 dict begin
576/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
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17345e5a
JA
580/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
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17345e5a
JA
586/PaintType 0 def
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17345e5a
JA
594currentdict end
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17345e5a
JA
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636%%EndFont
637%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
638%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSLTT10 1.0
639%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:41:43
640% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
64111 dict begin
642/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
643/version (1.0) readonly def
644/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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709currentdict end
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981cleartomark
982%%EndFont
983%%BeginFont: CMTT9
984%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0
985%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24
986% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
98711 dict begin
988/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
989/version (1.0) readonly def
990/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
991/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
992/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
993/Weight (Medium) readonly def
994/ItalicAngle 0 def
995/isFixedPitch true def
996end readonly def
997/FontName /CMTT9 def
998/PaintType 0 def
999/FontType 1 def
1000/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1001/Encoding 256 array
10020 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1003dup 33 /exclam put
1004dup 35 /numbersign put
1005dup 36 /dollar put
1006dup 38 /ampersand put
1007dup 39 /quoteright put
1008dup 40 /parenleft put
1009dup 41 /parenright put
1010dup 42 /asterisk put
1011dup 44 /comma put
1012dup 45 /hyphen put
1013dup 46 /period put
1014dup 47 /slash put
1015dup 48 /zero put
1016dup 49 /one put
1017dup 50 /two put
1018dup 51 /three put
1019dup 52 /four put
1020dup 58 /colon put
1021dup 59 /semicolon put
1022dup 60 /less put
1023dup 62 /greater put
1024dup 63 /question put
1025dup 64 /at put
1026dup 65 /A put
1027dup 66 /B put
1028dup 67 /C put
1029dup 68 /D put
1030dup 69 /E put
1031dup 70 /F put
1032dup 71 /G put
1033dup 72 /H put
1034dup 73 /I put
1035dup 75 /K put
1036dup 76 /L put
1037dup 77 /M put
1038dup 78 /N put
1039dup 79 /O put
1040dup 80 /P put
1041dup 82 /R put
1042dup 83 /S put
1043dup 84 /T put
1044dup 85 /U put
1045dup 86 /V put
1046dup 87 /W put
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1086currentdict end
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1487cleartomark
1488%%EndFont
0001803f
CR
1489%%BeginFont: CMR10
1490%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
1491%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
17345e5a
JA
1492% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
149311 dict begin
1494/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
0001803f 1495/version (1.00B) readonly def
17345e5a 1496/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
0001803f 1497/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
17345e5a
JA
1498/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1499/Weight (Medium) readonly def
1500/ItalicAngle 0 def
1501/isFixedPitch false def
1502end readonly def
0001803f 1503/FontName /CMR10 def
17345e5a
JA
1504/PaintType 0 def
1505/FontType 1 def
1506/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1507/Encoding 256 array
15080 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
0001803f
CR
1509dup 11 /ff put
1510dup 12 /fi put
1511dup 13 /fl put
1512dup 14 /ffi put
1513dup 33 /exclam put
1514dup 34 /quotedblright put
1515dup 36 /dollar put
1516dup 37 /percent put
1517dup 38 /ampersand put
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0001803f
CR
1519dup 40 /parenleft put
1520dup 41 /parenright put
1521dup 44 /comma put
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0001803f
CR
1523dup 46 /period put
1524dup 47 /slash put
1525dup 48 /zero put
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0001803f
CR
1527dup 50 /two put
1528dup 51 /three put
1529dup 52 /four put
1530dup 53 /five put
1531dup 54 /six put
1532dup 55 /seven put
1533dup 56 /eight put
1534dup 57 /nine put
1535dup 58 /colon put
1536dup 59 /semicolon put
1537dup 61 /equal put
1538dup 63 /question put
17345e5a
JA
1539dup 65 /A put
1540dup 66 /B put
1541dup 67 /C put
1542dup 68 /D put
1543dup 69 /E put
1544dup 70 /F put
0001803f
CR
1545dup 71 /G put
1546dup 72 /H put
1547dup 73 /I put
1548dup 74 /J put
1549dup 75 /K put
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0001803f
CR
1551dup 77 /M put
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1553dup 79 /O put
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0001803f 1555dup 81 /Q put
17345e5a
JA
1556dup 82 /R put
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1558dup 84 /T put
0001803f
CR
1559dup 85 /U put
1560dup 86 /V put
1561dup 87 /W put
1562dup 88 /X put
1563dup 89 /Y put
1564dup 90 /Z put
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0001803f
CR
1566dup 92 /quotedblleft put
1567dup 93 /bracketright put
1568dup 96 /quoteleft put
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0001803f 1570dup 98 /b put
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0001803f
CR
1574dup 102 /f put
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1576dup 104 /h put
1577dup 105 /i put
17345e5a
JA
1578dup 106 /j put
1579dup 107 /k put
0001803f
CR
1580dup 108 /l put
1581dup 109 /m put
17345e5a 1582dup 110 /n put
0001803f 1583dup 111 /o put
17345e5a 1584dup 112 /p put
0001803f 1585dup 113 /q put
17345e5a
JA
1586dup 114 /r put
1587dup 115 /s put
1588dup 116 /t put
1589dup 117 /u put
0001803f
CR
1590dup 118 /v put
1591dup 119 /w put
1592dup 120 /x put
1593dup 121 /y put
1594dup 122 /z put
1595dup 123 /endash put
1596dup 124 /emdash put
17345e5a 1597readonly def
0001803f 1598/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
17345e5a
JA
1599currentdict end
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17345e5a
JA
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2119cleartomark
2120%%EndFont
2121%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
2122%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMCSC10 1.0
2123%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49
2124% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
212511 dict begin
2126/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2127/version (1.0) readonly def
2128/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2129/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
2130/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2131/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2132/ItalicAngle 0 def
2133/isFixedPitch false def
2134end readonly def
2135/FontName /CMCSC10 def
2136/PaintType 0 def
2137/FontType 1 def
2138/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2139/Encoding 256 array
21400 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2141dup 45 /hyphen put
2142dup 47 /slash put
2143dup 50 /two put
2144dup 97 /a put
2145dup 98 /b put
2146dup 99 /c put
2147dup 100 /d put
2148dup 101 /e put
2149dup 102 /f put
2150dup 103 /g put
17345e5a 2151dup 105 /i put
17345e5a
JA
2152dup 108 /l put
2153dup 109 /m put
2154dup 110 /n put
2155dup 111 /o put
2156dup 112 /p put
2157dup 114 /r put
2158dup 115 /s put
17345e5a
JA
2159dup 117 /u put
2160dup 120 /x put
2161readonly def
2162/FontBBox{14 -250 1077 750}readonly def
2163currentdict end
2164currentfile eexec
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2298cleartomark
2299%%EndFont
2300%%BeginFont: CMBX12
2301%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX12 1.0
2302%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:34:54
2303% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
230411 dict begin
2305/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2306/version (1.0) readonly def
2307/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2308/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
2309/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2310/Weight (Bold) readonly def
2311/ItalicAngle 0 def
2312/isFixedPitch false def
2313end readonly def
2314/FontName /CMBX12 def
2315/PaintType 0 def
2316/FontType 1 def
2317/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2318/Encoding 256 array
23190 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2320dup 11 /ff put
2321dup 12 /fi put
2322dup 33 /exclam put
2323dup 35 /numbersign put
2324dup 36 /dollar put
2325dup 39 /quoteright put
2326dup 42 /asterisk put
2327dup 44 /comma put
2328dup 45 /hyphen put
2329dup 46 /period put
2330dup 48 /zero put
2331dup 49 /one put
2332dup 50 /two put
2333dup 51 /three put
2334dup 52 /four put
2335dup 53 /five put
2336dup 54 /six put
2337dup 55 /seven put
2338dup 56 /eight put
2339dup 57 /nine put
2340dup 58 /colon put
2341dup 63 /question put
2342dup 64 /at put
2343dup 65 /A put
2344dup 66 /B put
2345dup 67 /C put
2346dup 68 /D put
2347dup 69 /E put
2348dup 70 /F put
2349dup 71 /G put
2350dup 72 /H put
2351dup 73 /I put
2352dup 74 /J put
2353dup 75 /K put
2354dup 76 /L put
2355dup 77 /M put
2356dup 78 /N put
2357dup 79 /O put
2358dup 80 /P put
2359dup 81 /Q put
2360dup 82 /R put
2361dup 83 /S put
2362dup 84 /T put
2363dup 85 /U put
2364dup 86 /V put
2365dup 87 /W put
2366dup 88 /X put
2367dup 89 /Y put
2368dup 91 /bracketleft put
2369dup 93 /bracketright put
2370dup 96 /quoteleft put
2371dup 97 /a put
2372dup 98 /b put
2373dup 99 /c put
2374dup 100 /d put
2375dup 101 /e put
2376dup 102 /f put
2377dup 103 /g put
2378dup 104 /h put
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2380dup 106 /j put
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2382dup 108 /l put
2383dup 109 /m put
2384dup 110 /n put
2385dup 111 /o put
2386dup 112 /p put
2387dup 113 /q put
2388dup 114 /r put
2389dup 115 /s put
2390dup 116 /t put
2391dup 117 /u put
2392dup 118 /v put
2393dup 119 /w put
2394dup 120 /x put
2395dup 121 /y put
2396readonly def
2397/FontBBox{-53 -251 1139 750}readonly def
2398currentdict end
2399currentfile eexec
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2803cleartomark
2804%%EndFont
2805%%BeginFont: CMTI10
2806%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B
2807%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16
2808% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
280911 dict begin
2810/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2811/version (1.00B) readonly def
2812/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2813/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
2814/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2815/Weight (Medium) readonly def
2816/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
2817/isFixedPitch false def
2818end readonly def
2819/FontName /CMTI10 def
2820/PaintType 0 def
2821/FontType 1 def
2822/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2823/Encoding 256 array
28240 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2825dup 12 /fi put
0001803f 2826dup 45 /hyphen put
17345e5a
JA
2827dup 97 /a put
2828dup 99 /c put
2829dup 100 /d put
2830dup 101 /e put
2831dup 103 /g put
2832dup 105 /i put
2833dup 108 /l put
2834dup 109 /m put
2835dup 110 /n put
2836dup 111 /o put
2837dup 112 /p put
2838dup 114 /r put
2839dup 115 /s put
2840dup 116 /t put
2841dup 118 /v put
2842dup 120 /x put
2843readonly def
2844/FontBBox{-163 -250 1146 969}readonly def
2845currentdict end
2846currentfile eexec
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17345e5a
JA
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3000cleartomark
3001%%EndFont
0001803f
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3002%%BeginFont: CMMI10
3003%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
3004%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
17345e5a
JA
3005% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
300611 dict begin
3007/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
0001803f 3008/version (1.100) readonly def
17345e5a 3009/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
0001803f 3010/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
17345e5a 3011/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
0001803f 3012/Weight (Medium) readonly def
17345e5a
JA
3013/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
3014/isFixedPitch false def
3015end readonly def
0001803f 3016/FontName /CMMI10 def
17345e5a
JA
3017/PaintType 0 def
3018/FontType 1 def
3019/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3020/Encoding 256 array
30210 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
0001803f
CR
3022dup 58 /period put
3023readonly def
3024/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
3025currentdict end
3026currentfile eexec
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30283B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B
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3066cleartomark
3067%%EndFont
3068%%BeginFont: CMMI12
3069%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100
3070%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55
3071% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
307211 dict begin
3073/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3074/version (1.100) readonly def
3075/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3076/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
3077/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3078/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3079/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
3080/isFixedPitch false def
3081end readonly def
3082/FontName /CMMI12 def
3083/PaintType 0 def
3084/FontType 1 def
3085/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3086/Encoding 256 array
30870 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3088dup 58 /period put
17345e5a 3089readonly def
0001803f 3090/FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def
17345e5a
JA
3091currentdict end
3092currentfile eexec
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0001803f
CR
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17345e5a
JA
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3132cleartomark
3133%%EndFont
3134%%BeginFont: CMSY10
3135%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
3136%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
3137% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
313811 dict begin
3139/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3140/version (1.0) readonly def
3141/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3142/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
3143/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3144/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3145/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
3146/isFixedPitch false def
3147end readonly def
3148/FontName /CMSY10 def
3149/PaintType 0 def
3150/FontType 1 def
3151/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3152/Encoding 256 array
31530 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3154dup 0 /minus put
3155dup 13 /circlecopyrt put
3156dup 15 /bullet put
3157dup 33 /arrowright put
3158dup 55 /mapsto put
3159readonly def
3160/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
3161currentdict end
3162currentfile eexec
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3202cleartomark
3203%%EndFont
3204%%BeginFont: CMSL10
3205%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSL10 1.0
3206%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:40:20
3207% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
320811 dict begin
3209/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3210/version (1.0) readonly def
3211/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3212/FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
3213/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3214/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3215/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
3216/isFixedPitch false def
3217end readonly def
3218/FontName /CMSL10 def
3219/PaintType 0 def
3220/FontType 1 def
3221/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3222/Encoding 256 array
32230 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3224dup 11 /ff put
3225dup 12 /fi put
3226dup 14 /ffi put
17345e5a
JA
3227dup 45 /hyphen put
3228dup 49 /one put
3229dup 50 /two put
3230dup 51 /three put
3231dup 65 /A put
3232dup 66 /B put
3233dup 67 /C put
3234dup 68 /D put
3235dup 69 /E put
3236dup 70 /F put
3237dup 71 /G put
3238dup 72 /H put
3239dup 73 /I put
3240dup 75 /K put
3241dup 76 /L put
3242dup 77 /M put
3243dup 78 /N put
3244dup 79 /O put
3245dup 80 /P put
3246dup 82 /R put
3247dup 83 /S put
3248dup 84 /T put
3249dup 85 /U put
3250dup 87 /W put
3251dup 88 /X put
3252dup 97 /a put
3253dup 98 /b put
3254dup 99 /c put
3255dup 100 /d put
3256dup 101 /e put
3257dup 102 /f put
3258dup 103 /g put
3259dup 104 /h put
3260dup 105 /i put
3261dup 106 /j put
3262dup 107 /k put
3263dup 108 /l put
3264dup 109 /m put
3265dup 110 /n put
3266dup 111 /o put
3267dup 112 /p put
3268dup 113 /q put
3269dup 114 /r put
3270dup 115 /s put
3271dup 116 /t put
3272dup 117 /u put
3273dup 118 /v put
3274dup 119 /w put
3275dup 120 /x put
3276dup 121 /y put
3277readonly def
3278/FontBBox{-62 -250 1123 750}readonly def
3279currentdict end
3280currentfile eexec
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495aee44
CR
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3647cleartomark
3648%%EndFont
3649%%BeginFont: CMTT10
3650%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT10 1.00B
3651%%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42
3652% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
365311 dict begin
3654/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3655/version (1.00B) readonly def
3656/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3657/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
3658/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3659/Weight (Medium) readonly def
3660/ItalicAngle 0 def
3661/isFixedPitch true def
3662end readonly def
3663/FontName /CMTT10 def
3664/PaintType 0 def
3665/FontType 1 def
3666/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3667/Encoding 256 array
36680 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3669dup 33 /exclam put
3670dup 34 /quotedbl put
3671dup 35 /numbersign put
3672dup 36 /dollar put
3673dup 37 /percent put
3674dup 38 /ampersand put
3675dup 39 /quoteright put
3676dup 40 /parenleft put
3677dup 41 /parenright put
3678dup 42 /asterisk put
3679dup 43 /plus put
3680dup 44 /comma put
3681dup 45 /hyphen put
3682dup 46 /period put
3683dup 47 /slash put
3684dup 48 /zero put
3685dup 49 /one put
3686dup 50 /two put
3687dup 51 /three put
3688dup 52 /four put
3689dup 53 /five put
3690dup 54 /six put
3691dup 55 /seven put
3692dup 56 /eight put
3693dup 57 /nine put
3694dup 58 /colon put
3695dup 59 /semicolon put
3696dup 60 /less put
3697dup 61 /equal put
3698dup 62 /greater put
3699dup 63 /question put
3700dup 64 /at put
3701dup 65 /A put
3702dup 66 /B put
3703dup 67 /C put
3704dup 68 /D put
3705dup 69 /E put
3706dup 70 /F put
3707dup 71 /G put
3708dup 72 /H put
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3710dup 75 /K put
3711dup 76 /L put
3712dup 77 /M put
3713dup 78 /N put
3714dup 79 /O put
3715dup 80 /P put
3716dup 81 /Q put
3717dup 82 /R put
3718dup 83 /S put
3719dup 84 /T put
3720dup 85 /U put
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3722dup 87 /W put
3723dup 88 /X put
3724dup 89 /Y put
3725dup 90 /Z put
3726dup 91 /bracketleft put
3727dup 92 /backslash put
3728dup 93 /bracketright put
3729dup 94 /asciicircum put
3730dup 95 /underscore put
3731dup 96 /quoteleft put
3732dup 97 /a put
3733dup 98 /b put
3734dup 99 /c put
3735dup 100 /d put
3736dup 101 /e put
3737dup 102 /f put
3738dup 103 /g put
3739dup 104 /h put
3740dup 105 /i put
3741dup 106 /j put
3742dup 107 /k put
3743dup 108 /l put
3744dup 109 /m put
3745dup 110 /n put
3746dup 111 /o put
3747dup 112 /p put
3748dup 113 /q put
3749dup 114 /r put
3750dup 115 /s put
3751dup 116 /t put
3752dup 117 /u put
3753dup 118 /v put
3754dup 119 /w put
3755dup 120 /x put
3756dup 121 /y put
3757dup 122 /z put
3758dup 123 /braceleft put
3759dup 124 /bar put
3760dup 125 /braceright put
3761dup 126 /asciitilde put
3762readonly def
3763/FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def
3764currentdict end
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6157(generated)g(need)f(not)h(exist.)57 b(P)m(atterns)36
6158b(to)g(b)s(e)f(brace)h(expanded)e(tak)m(e)j(the)f(form)f(of)150
495aee44 61593705 y(an)29 b(optional)i Fq(pream)m(ble)5 b Ft(,)30
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495aee44 6161(strings)e(or)h(a)g(seqeunce)150 3815 y(expression)36
0001803f
CR
6162b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(a)g(pair)g(of)g(braces,)i(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)f
6163(an)g(optional)h Fq(p)s(ostscript)r Ft(.)56 b(The)36
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0001803f 6165(con)m(tained)h(within)e(the)h(braces,)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(ostscript)f
495aee44
CR
6166(is)h(then)f(app)s(ended)f(to)150 4034 y(eac)m(h)32 b(resulting)e
6167(string,)h(expanding)e(left)j(to)f(righ)m(t.)275 4177
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17345e5a 6169b(The)36 b(results)g(of)h(eac)m(h)g(expanded)f(string)g(are)h(not)g
495aee44
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6170(sorted;)150 4287 y(left)31 b(to)g(righ)m(t)g(order)f(is)g(preserv)m
6171(ed.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)390 4430 y Fs(bash$)46
6172b(echo)h(a{d,c,b}e)390 4539 y(ade)g(ace)g(abe)275 4682
0001803f
CR
6173y Ft(A)20 b(sequence)h(expression)g(tak)m(es)h(the)f(form)f
6174Fs({)p Fi(x)11 b Fs(..)p Fi(y)g Fs([..)p Fi(incr)g Fs(]})p
6175Ft(,)18 b(where)i Fq(x)27 b Ft(and)20 b Fq(y)28 b Ft(are)22
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495aee44 6178(in)m(teger.)77 b(When)41 b(in)m(tegers)j(are)150 4902
0001803f
CR
6179y(supplied,)e(the)f(expression)g(expands)f(to)h(eac)m(h)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
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495aee44 6181b Ft(,)44 b(inclusiv)m(e.)73 b(Supplied)150 5011 y(in)m(tegers)33
17345e5a
JA
6182b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(pre\014xed)f(with)h(`)p Fs(0)p Ft(')h(to)g(force)g
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495aee44 6184b(When)31 b(either)150 5121 y Fq(x)43 b Ft(or)36 b Fq(y)44
17345e5a
JA
6185b Ft(b)s(egins)36 b(with)g(a)h(zero,)i(the)e(shell)g(attempts)g(to)g
6186(force)g(all)h(generated)f(terms)g(to)g(con)m(tain)h(the)150
495aee44 61875230 y(same)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(digits,)i(zero-padding)d(where)h
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0001803f 6190(lexicographically)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)e Fq(x)43 b Ft(and)37
495aee44
CR
6191b Fq(y)8 b Ft(,)38 b(inclusiv)m(e.)62 b(Note)p eop end
6192%%Page: 20 26
6193TeXDict begin 20 25 bop 150 -116 a Ft(20)2572 b(Bash)31
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6199(appropriate.)275 544 y(Brace)36 b(expansion)g(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(b)s
17345e5a 6200(efore)h(an)m(y)h(other)g(expansions,)h(and)e(an)m(y)g(c)m(haracters)i
495aee44
CR
6201(sp)s(ecial)150 654 y(to)32 b(other)g(expansions)g(are)g(preserv)m(ed)f
6202(in)h(the)f(result.)45 b(It)32 b(is)g(strictly)g(textual.)46
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0001803f
CR
6204b(syn)m(tactic)i(in)m(terpretation)g(to)f(the)f(con)m(text)i(of)e(the)g
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495aee44 6206873 y(T)-8 b(o)37 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(con\015icts)g(with)f(parameter)h
0001803f 6207(expansion,)g(the)g(string)f(`)p Fs(${)p Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)g
495aee44
CR
6208(eligible)i(for)150 983 y(brace)31 b(expansion.)275 1119
6209y(A)e(correctly-formed)i(brace)f(expansion)f(m)m(ust)h(con)m(tain)h
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0001803f 6212b(alid)33 b(sequence)g(expression.)48 b(An)m(y)33 b(incorrectly)h
495aee44
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6213(formed)150 1338 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g(left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275
62141474 y(A)25 b Fs({)g Ft(or)g(`)p Fs(,)p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(quoted)
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495aee44 6216(considered)g(part)g(of)g(a)h(brace)150 1583 y(expression.)51
0001803f
CR
6217b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(a)m(v)m(oid)i(con\015icts)e(with)g(parameter)g
6218(expansion,)h(the)f(string)g(`)p Fs(${)p Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)
495aee44 6219150 1693 y(eligible)e(for)e(brace)h(expansion.)275 1829
0001803f
CR
6220y(This)f(construct)h(is)g(t)m(ypically)i(used)d(as)h(shorthand)f(when)g
6221(the)h(common)g(pre\014x)f(of)h(the)g(strings)g(to)150
495aee44
CR
62221939 y(b)s(e)f(generated)h(is)g(longer)g(than)f(in)g(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m
6223(e)i(example:)390 2074 y Fs(mkdir)46 b(/usr/local/src/bash/{old,n)o
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6225(/usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/)o({ex?)o(.?*,)o(how)o(_ex})o(})150
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0001803f 6228(haracter)h(\(`)p Fs(~)p Ft('\),)g(all)g(of)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)h(up)
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495aee44 6231(considered)f(a)g Fq(tilde-pre\014x)6 b Ft(.)150 2913
0001803f
CR
6232y(If)38 b(none)g(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f
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495aee44 62343023 y(follo)m(wing)28 b(the)f(tilde)g(are)g(treated)h(as)f(a)g(p)s
0001803f 6235(ossible)f Fq(login)i(name)5 b Ft(.)40 b(If)26 b(this)g(login)i(name)f
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CR
6236(is)f(the)h(n)m(ull)g(string,)150 3132 y(the)35 b(tilde)g(is)g
6237(replaced)g(with)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g
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6239Ft(is)h(unset,)g(the)g(home)150 3242 y(directory)e(of)g(the)f(user)g
6240(executing)i(the)e(shell)h(is)f(substituted)g(instead.)47
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6242f(the)h(home)f(directory)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)
6243e(login)j(name.)275 3487 y(If)g(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)h(`)p
17345e5a
JA
6244Fs(~+)p Ft(',)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g(shell)g(v)-5
6245b(ariable)34 b Fs(PWD)d Ft(replaces)j(the)f(tilde-pre\014x.)47
495aee44 6246b(If)150 3597 y(the)31 b(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)g(`)p Fs(~-)p
17345e5a
JA
6247Ft(',)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h(v)-5
6248b(ariable)31 b Fs(OLDPWD)p Ft(,)e(if)h(it)h(is)g(set,)g(is)f
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495aee44 6251(er)f Fq(N)10 b Ft(,)30 b(optionally)150 3843 y(pre\014xed)22
17345e5a
JA
6252b(b)m(y)h(a)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)j(the)d
6253(tilde-pre\014x)g(is)h(replaced)f(with)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e
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17345e5a
JA
6255g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f
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17345e5a 6260e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(without)i(a)f
495aee44
CR
6261(leading)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')g(or)150 4281 y(`)p Fs(-)p
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17345e5a
JA
6263g(name)g(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)31 b(or)g(the)f(tilde)h(expansion)f
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495aee44 6267(wing)150 4662 y(a)d(`)p Fs(:)p Ft(')g(or)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p
17345e5a
JA
6268Fs(=)p Ft('.)54 b(In)34 b(these)h(cases,)i(tilde)e(expansion)g(is)g
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17345e5a
JA
6271g(assignmen)m(ts)h(to)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(,)f Fs(MAILPATH)p
6272Ft(,)e(and)i Fs(CDPATH)p Ft(,)f(and)h(the)g(shell)150
495aee44
CR
62734882 y(assigns)31 b(the)f(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue.)275
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6278%%Page: 21 27
6279TeXDict begin 21 26 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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6285924 y Fs(~)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g
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0001803f
CR
6301y(When)44 b(braces)i(are)f(used,)j(the)e(matc)m(hing)g(ending)f(brace)g
6302(is)g(the)g(\014rst)g(`)p Fs(})p Ft(')g(not)g(escap)s(ed)h(b)m(y)f(a)
495aee44 6303150 2211 y(bac)m(kslash)40 b(or)f(within)g(a)g(quoted)g(string,)j(and)c
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495aee44
CR
63052321 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(or)h(parameter)g(expansion.)275
63062468 y(The)40 b(basic)h(form)g(of)g(parameter)h(expansion)e(is)h($)p
17345e5a 6307Fs({)p Fq(parameter)7 b Fs(})p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(v)-5
495aee44 6308b(alue)42 b(of)f Fq(parameter)48 b Ft(is)150 2577 y(substituted.)43
17345e5a 6309b(The)31 b(braces)g(are)h(required)e(when)h Fq(parameter)38
495aee44
CR
6310b Ft(is)31 b(a)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(with)f(more)150
63112687 y(than)h(one)g(digit,)i(or)e(when)g Fq(parameter)39
6312b Ft(is)32 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)e(is)h
6313(not)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(terpreted)150 2796 y(as)f(part)f(of)g(its)h
6314(name.)275 2943 y(If)c(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(of)f
6315Fq(parameter)35 b Ft(is)27 b(an)h(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m(t)d(\(!\),)i
6316(a)f(lev)m(el)i(of)d(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(indirec-)150
63173053 y(tion)e(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)39 b(Bash)27 b(uses)e(the)i(v)-5
6318b(alue)27 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(formed)f(from)g(the)g(rest)h
6319(of)f Fq(parameter)34 b Ft(as)150 3162 y(the)e(name)h(of)f(the)h(v)-5
6320b(ariable;)34 b(this)e(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(is)g(then)f(expanded)f(and)h
6321(that)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)h(used)e(in)h(the)h(rest)150
63223272 y(of)h(the)f(substitution,)i(rather)e(than)g(the)h(v)-5
6323b(alue)34 b(of)g Fq(parameter)40 b Ft(itself.)51 b(This)33
6324b(is)g(kno)m(wn)g(as)h Fs(indirect)150 3381 y(expansion)p
6325Ft(.)k(The)30 b(exceptions)h(to)h(this)e(are)h(the)f(expansions)g(of)h
6326($)p Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(pre\014x)150 3491 y Fs(})36 b Ft(and)f($)p
6327Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(name)5 b Ft([)p Fs(@)p Ft(])p Fs(})37
6328b Ft(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w.)58 b(The)36 b(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m
6329(t)e(m)m(ust)g(immediately)h(follo)m(w)h(the)150 3601
6330y(left)31 b(brace)g(in)f(order)g(to)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)f(indirection.)
6331275 3748 y(In)39 b(eac)m(h)i(of)g(the)f(cases)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)i
0001803f 6332Fq(w)m(ord)h Ft(is)c(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(tilde)f(expansion,)j
495aee44
CR
6333(parameter)e(expansion,)150 3857 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g
6334(arithmetic)i(expansion.)275 4004 y(When)h(not)h(p)s(erforming)e
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495aee44 6336(w,)h(Bash)g(tests)150 4114 y(for)44 b(a)i(parameter)f(that)g(is)g
17345e5a 6337(unset)f(or)h(n)m(ull.)84 b(Omitting)45 b(the)g(colon)h(results)e(in)g
495aee44 6338(a)i(test)f(only)g(for)g(a)150 4223 y(parameter)36 b(that)f(is)g
17345e5a
JA
6339(unset.)55 b(Put)34 b(another)i(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(if)d(the)g(colon)
6340h(is)f(included,)h(the)f(op)s(erator)g(tests)h(for)150
495aee44 63414333 y(b)s(oth)22 b Fq(parameter)7 b Ft('s)22 b(existence)i(and)e(that)
17345e5a 6342h(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(is)g(not)f(n)m(ull;)k(if)c(the)h(colon)g(is)g
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CR
6343(omitted,)i(the)e(op)s(erator)150 4442 y(tests)31 b(only)g(for)f
6344(existence.)150 4620 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(:)p
6345Fp(\000)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 4730 y Ft(If)30 b Fq(parameter)37
17345e5a
JA
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495aee44
CR
6553b Ft(is)630 847 y(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(subscripted)d
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495aee44
CR
65611519 y(Command)29 b(substitution)h(o)s(ccurs)h(when)e(a)i(command)f(is)
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17345e5a
JA
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495aee44
CR
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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17345e5a
JA
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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17345e5a
JA
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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495aee44
CR
6708Ft(,)h(and)g Fs(dotglob)g Ft(options.)p eop end
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CR
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6732(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150
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0001803f 6734b Fl(nul)h Ft(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h
495aee44 6735(pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s(es)150 1618
0001803f
CR
6736y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43 b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m
6737(kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m(hing.)63 b(The)36
495aee44 6738b(sp)s(ecial)150 1727 y(pattern)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e
0001803f 6739(quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8
495aee44
CR
6740b(.)275 1855 y(The)29 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m
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17345e5a
JA
6742b Ft(Matc)m(hes)31 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g
6743(string.)41 b(When)29 b(the)g Fs(globstar)e Ft(shell)i(option)630
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495aee44 67482329 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
17345e5a 6749Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft('s)e(will)g
495aee44
CR
6750(matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 2439 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
67512584 y Fs(?)432 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
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495aee44 6756(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)h(t)m(w)m(o)630 2949 y(c)m(haracters,)f
17345e5a 6757(inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g
495aee44 6758(sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3058 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
17345e5a
JA
6759b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p
6760Fs([)p Ft(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p
495aee44 6761Fs(^)p Ft(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3168 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
17345e5a 6762(is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fp(\000)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
495aee44 6763(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3278
17345e5a
JA
6764y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50
6765b(A)33 b(`)p Fs(])p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f
495aee44 6766(including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3387 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
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495aee44 6768(range)g(expressions)f(is)630 3497 y(determined)e(b)m(y)g(the)g(curren)
17345e5a 6769m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)e(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(of)g(the)h
495aee44
CR
6770Fs(LC_COLLATE)c Ft(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariable,)630 3606 y(if)30
6771b(set.)630 3734 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f
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495aee44 6775(order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s(cales)630 3953
17345e5a
JA
6776y(`)p Fs([a-dx-z])p Ft(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e(equiv)-5
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17345e5a
JA
6785y(Within)23 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')h(and)e(`)p Fs(])p Ft(',)j
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495aee44
CR
67904647 y Fs(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g
6791(lower)870 4756 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190
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495aee44 6796Fs(_)p Ft('.)630 5121 y(Within)25 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p
17345e5a
JA
6797Fs(])p Ft(',)i(an)e Fq(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j
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495aee44
CR
6803Fq(c)6 b Ft(.)p eop end
6804%%Page: 27 33
6805TeXDict begin 27 32 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
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6808(tax)f Fs([.)p Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Fs(.])f Ft(matc)m(hes)i(the)f
6809(collating)j(sym)m(b)s(ol)c Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.)275
6810450 y(If)29 b(the)g Fs(extglob)f Ft(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f
6811(using)g(the)h Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f
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17345e5a 6813b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fq(pattern-list)j
495aee44
CR
6814Ft(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 669 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f(separated)
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0001803f
CR
6830(unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p
6831Fs(\\)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(')p Ft(',)f(and)g(`)p Fs(")p Ft(')150
495aee44
CR
68322530 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m
6833(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 2754 y Fr(3.6)68
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6844(they)h(app)s(ear,)f(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275
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495aee44 6849(for)c(eac)m(h)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)150 3702 y(except)30
0001803f
CR
6850b Fs(>)p Ft(&-)f(and)f Fs(<)p Ft(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s
6851(cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i
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0001803f
CR
6853Ft(.)42 b(If)31 b Fs(>)p Ft(&-)f(or)h Fs(<)p Ft(&-)g(is)g(preceded)g(b)
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6855b(alue)31 b(of)g Fq(v)-5 b(arname)37 b Ft(de\014nes)30
495aee44
CR
6856b(the)h(\014le)150 3921 y(descriptor)f(to)h(close.)275
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17345e5a
JA
6862b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f
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495aee44
CR
6864g(refers)150 4380 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h
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17345e5a
JA
6876y Ft(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
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495aee44
CR
6878150 5340 y(\014le)h Fq(dirlist)r Ft(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)p
6879eop end
6880%%Page: 28 34
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495aee44
CR
6901(en)f(a)g(TCP)g(connection)h(to)g(the)630 2285 y(corresp)s(onding)29
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495aee44
CR
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JA
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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CR
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CR
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495aee44
CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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495aee44
CR
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CR
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CR
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495aee44
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CR
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495aee44
CR
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JA
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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CR
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17345e5a
JA
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CR
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17345e5a
JA
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CR
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17345e5a
JA
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JA
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495aee44
CR
13061150 3792 y(as)e(the)f(list)h(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)275
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495aee44
CR
13066(directory)g(name)h(completion)150 4162 y(is)h(attempted.)275
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
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17345e5a
JA
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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0001803f
CR
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17345e5a
JA
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0001803f
CR
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495aee44
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17345e5a
JA
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0001803f
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
JA
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CR
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CR
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17345e5a
JA
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CR
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0001803f
CR
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17345e5a
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CR
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17345e5a
JA
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JA
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CR
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495aee44
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17345e5a
JA
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17345e5a
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495aee44
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