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17345e5a JA |
1 | %!PS-Adobe-2.0 |
2 | %%Creator: dvips(k) 5.95a Copyright 2005 Radical Eye Software | |
3 | %%Title: bashref.dvi | |
495aee44 | 4 | %%Pages: 168 |
17345e5a JA |
5 | %%PageOrder: Ascend |
6 | %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 | |
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7 | %%DocumentFonts: CMBX12 CMR10 CMTT10 CMSL10 CMSY10 CMMI12 CMMI10 CMCSC10 |
8 | %%+ CMTI10 CMSLTT10 CMTT12 CMTT9 CMMI9 CMR9 | |
17345e5a JA |
9 | %%DocumentPaperSizes: Letter |
10 | %%EndComments | |
11 | %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) | |
12 | %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi | |
13 | %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600 | |
495aee44 | 14 | %DVIPSSource: TeX output 2010.12.28:1430 |
17345e5a JA |
15 | %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0 |
16 | %! | |
17 | /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S | |
18 | N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 | |
19 | mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 | |
20 | 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ | |
21 | landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize | |
22 | mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[ | |
23 | matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round | |
24 | exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{ | |
25 | statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0] | |
26 | N/FBB[0 0 0 0]N/nn 0 N/IEn 0 N/ctr 0 N/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin | |
27 | /FontType 3 N/FontMatrix fntrx N/FontBBox FBB N string/base X array | |
28 | /BitMaps X/BuildChar{CharBuilder}N/Encoding IEn N end A{/foo setfont}2 | |
29 | array copy cvx N load 0 nn put/ctr 0 N[}B/sf 0 N/df{/sf 1 N/fntrx FMat N | |
30 | df-tail}B/dfs{div/sf X/fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B/E{pop nn A | |
31 | definefont setfont}B/Cw{Cd A length 5 sub get}B/Ch{Cd A length 4 sub get | |
32 | }B/Cx{128 Cd A length 3 sub get sub}B/Cy{Cd A length 2 sub get 127 sub} | |
33 | B/Cdx{Cd A length 1 sub get}B/Ci{Cd A type/stringtype ne{ctr get/ctr ctr | |
34 | 1 add N}if}B/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S A/base get 2 index get S | |
35 | /BitMaps get S get/Cd X pop/ctr 0 N Cdx 0 Cx Cy Ch sub Cx Cw add Cy | |
36 | setcachedevice Cw Ch true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 Cx sub Cy .1 sub]{Ci}imagemask | |
37 | restore}B/D{/cc X A type/stringtype ne{]}if nn/base get cc ctr put nn | |
38 | /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{A A length 1 sub A 2 index S get sf div put | |
39 | }if put/ctr ctr 1 add N}B/I{cc 1 add D}B/bop{userdict/bop-hook known{ | |
40 | bop-hook}if/SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto/V matrix currentmatrix A 1 get A | |
41 | mul exch 0 get A mul add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N/eop{ | |
42 | SI restore userdict/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N/@start{ | |
43 | userdict/start-hook known{start-hook}if pop/VResolution X/Resolution X | |
44 | 1000 div/DVImag X/IEn 256 array N 2 string 0 1 255{IEn S A 360 add 36 4 | |
45 | index cvrs cvn put}for pop 65781.76 div/vsize X 65781.76 div/hsize X}N | |
46 | /p{show}N/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N/BDot 260 string N/Rx 0 N/Ry 0 N/V{}B/RV/v{ | |
47 | /Ry X/Rx X V}B statusdict begin/product where{pop false[(Display)(NeXT) | |
48 | (LaserWriter 16/600)]{A length product length le{A length product exch 0 | |
49 | exch getinterval eq{pop true exit}if}{pop}ifelse}forall}{false}ifelse | |
50 | end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale Rx Ry false RMat{BDot}imagemask | |
51 | grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR Rx Ry scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot} | |
52 | imagemask grestore}}ifelse B/QV{gsave newpath transform round exch round | |
53 | exch itransform moveto Rx 0 rlineto 0 Ry neg rlineto Rx neg 0 rlineto | |
54 | fill grestore}B/a{moveto}B/delta 0 N/tail{A/delta X 0 rmoveto}B/M{S p | |
55 | delta add tail}B/b{S p tail}B/c{-4 M}B/d{-3 M}B/e{-2 M}B/f{-1 M}B/g{0 M} | |
56 | B/h{1 M}B/i{2 M}B/j{3 M}B/k{4 M}B/w{0 rmoveto}B/l{p -4 w}B/m{p -3 w}B/n{ | |
57 | p -2 w}B/o{p -1 w}B/q{p 1 w}B/r{p 2 w}B/s{p 3 w}B/t{p 4 w}B/x{0 S | |
58 | rmoveto}B/y{3 2 roll p a}B/bos{/SS save N}B/eos{SS restore}B end | |
59 | ||
60 | %%EndProcSet | |
61 | %%BeginProcSet: texps.pro 0 0 | |
62 | %! | |
63 | TeXDict begin/rf{findfont dup length 1 add dict begin{1 index/FID ne 2 | |
64 | index/UniqueID ne and{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall[1 index 0 6 -1 roll | |
65 | exec 0 exch 5 -1 roll VResolution Resolution div mul neg 0 0]FontType 0 | |
66 | ne{/Metrics exch def dict begin Encoding{exch dup type/integertype ne{ | |
67 | pop pop 1 sub dup 0 le{pop}{[}ifelse}{FontMatrix 0 get div Metrics 0 get | |
68 | div def}ifelse}forall Metrics/Metrics currentdict end def}{{1 index type | |
69 | /nametype eq{exit}if exch pop}loop}ifelse[2 index currentdict end | |
70 | definefont 3 -1 roll makefont/setfont cvx]cvx def}def/ObliqueSlant{dup | |
71 | sin S cos div neg}B/SlantFont{4 index mul add}def/ExtendFont{3 -1 roll | |
72 | mul exch}def/ReEncodeFont{CharStrings rcheck{/Encoding false def dup[ | |
73 | exch{dup CharStrings exch known not{pop/.notdef/Encoding true def}if} | |
74 | forall Encoding{]exch pop}{cleartomark}ifelse}if/Encoding exch def}def | |
75 | end | |
76 | ||
77 | %%EndProcSet | |
78 | %%BeginFont: CMTT12 | |
79 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT12 1.0 | |
80 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:45:46 | |
81 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
82 | 11 dict begin | |
83 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
84 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
85 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
86 | /FullName (CMTT12) readonly def | |
87 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
88 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
89 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
90 | /isFixedPitch true def | |
91 | end readonly def | |
92 | /FontName /CMTT12 def | |
93 | /PaintType 0 def | |
94 | /FontType 1 def | |
95 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
96 | /Encoding 256 array | |
97 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
98 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
99 | dup 103 /g put | |
100 | dup 104 /h put | |
101 | dup 105 /i put | |
102 | dup 108 /l put | |
103 | dup 110 /n put | |
104 | dup 111 /o put | |
105 | dup 115 /s put | |
106 | dup 123 /braceleft put | |
107 | dup 125 /braceright put | |
108 | readonly def | |
109 | /FontBBox{-1 -234 524 695}readonly def | |
110 | currentdict end | |
111 | currentfile eexec | |
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187 | ||
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189 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
190 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
191 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
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193 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
194 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
195 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
196 | cleartomark | |
197 | %%EndFont | |
198 | %%BeginFont: CMR9 | |
199 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR9 1.0 | |
200 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:59 | |
201 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
202 | 11 dict begin | |
203 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
204 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
205 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
206 | /FullName (CMR9) readonly def | |
207 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
208 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
209 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
210 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
211 | end readonly def | |
212 | /FontName /CMR9 def | |
213 | /PaintType 0 def | |
214 | /FontType 1 def | |
215 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
216 | /Encoding 256 array | |
217 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
218 | dup 12 /fi put | |
219 | dup 44 /comma put | |
220 | dup 48 /zero put | |
221 | dup 49 /one put | |
222 | dup 50 /two put | |
223 | dup 51 /three put | |
224 | dup 52 /four put | |
225 | dup 53 /five put | |
226 | dup 54 /six put | |
227 | dup 55 /seven put | |
228 | dup 56 /eight put | |
229 | dup 57 /nine put | |
230 | dup 65 /A put | |
231 | dup 66 /B put | |
232 | dup 68 /D put | |
233 | dup 72 /H put | |
234 | dup 73 /I put | |
235 | dup 77 /M put | |
236 | dup 78 /N put | |
237 | dup 79 /O put | |
238 | dup 80 /P put | |
239 | dup 82 /R put | |
240 | dup 83 /S put | |
241 | dup 88 /X put | |
242 | dup 97 /a put | |
243 | dup 98 /b put | |
244 | dup 99 /c put | |
245 | dup 100 /d put | |
246 | dup 101 /e put | |
247 | dup 102 /f put | |
248 | dup 103 /g put | |
249 | dup 104 /h put | |
250 | dup 105 /i put | |
251 | dup 106 /j put | |
252 | dup 107 /k put | |
253 | dup 108 /l put | |
254 | dup 109 /m put | |
255 | dup 110 /n put | |
256 | dup 111 /o put | |
257 | dup 112 /p put | |
258 | dup 113 /q put | |
259 | dup 114 /r put | |
260 | dup 115 /s put | |
261 | dup 116 /t put | |
262 | dup 117 /u put | |
263 | dup 118 /v put | |
264 | dup 119 /w put | |
265 | dup 120 /x put | |
266 | dup 121 /y put | |
267 | dup 122 /z put | |
268 | readonly def | |
269 | /FontBBox{-39 -250 1036 750}readonly def | |
270 | currentdict end | |
271 | currentfile eexec | |
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569 | cleartomark | |
570 | %%EndFont | |
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571 | %%BeginFont: CMMI9 |
572 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI9 1.100 | |
573 | %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55 | |
17345e5a JA |
574 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. |
575 | 11 dict begin | |
576 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
0001803f | 577 | /version (1.100) readonly def |
17345e5a | 578 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def |
0001803f | 579 | /FullName (CMMI9) readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
580 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def |
581 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
582 | /ItalicAngle -14.04 def | |
583 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
584 | end readonly def | |
0001803f | 585 | /FontName /CMMI9 def |
17345e5a JA |
586 | /PaintType 0 def |
587 | /FontType 1 def | |
588 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
589 | /Encoding 256 array | |
590 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
0001803f | 591 | dup 58 /period put |
17345e5a | 592 | readonly def |
0001803f | 593 | /FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
594 | currentdict end |
595 | currentfile eexec | |
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635 | cleartomark | |
636 | %%EndFont | |
637 | %%BeginFont: CMSLTT10 | |
638 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSLTT10 1.0 | |
639 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:41:43 | |
640 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
641 | 11 dict begin | |
642 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
643 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
644 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
645 | /FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def | |
646 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
647 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
648 | /ItalicAngle -9.46 def | |
649 | /isFixedPitch true def | |
650 | end readonly def | |
651 | /FontName /CMSLTT10 def | |
652 | /PaintType 0 def | |
653 | /FontType 1 def | |
654 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
655 | /Encoding 256 array | |
656 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
657 | dup 39 /quoteright put | |
658 | dup 42 /asterisk put | |
659 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
660 | dup 48 /zero put | |
661 | dup 49 /one put | |
662 | dup 50 /two put | |
663 | dup 51 /three put | |
664 | dup 58 /colon put | |
665 | dup 65 /A put | |
666 | dup 67 /C put | |
667 | dup 68 /D put | |
668 | dup 69 /E put | |
669 | dup 70 /F put | |
670 | dup 72 /H put | |
671 | dup 73 /I put | |
672 | dup 74 /J put | |
673 | dup 76 /L put | |
674 | dup 77 /M put | |
675 | dup 78 /N put | |
676 | dup 80 /P put | |
677 | dup 82 /R put | |
678 | dup 84 /T put | |
679 | dup 88 /X put | |
680 | dup 92 /backslash put | |
681 | dup 95 /underscore put | |
682 | dup 97 /a put | |
683 | dup 98 /b put | |
684 | dup 99 /c put | |
685 | dup 100 /d put | |
686 | dup 101 /e put | |
687 | dup 102 /f put | |
688 | dup 103 /g put | |
689 | dup 104 /h put | |
690 | dup 105 /i put | |
691 | dup 106 /j put | |
692 | dup 107 /k put | |
693 | dup 108 /l put | |
694 | dup 109 /m put | |
695 | dup 110 /n put | |
696 | dup 111 /o put | |
697 | dup 112 /p put | |
698 | dup 113 /q put | |
699 | dup 114 /r put | |
700 | dup 115 /s put | |
701 | dup 116 /t put | |
702 | dup 117 /u put | |
703 | dup 118 /v put | |
704 | dup 119 /w put | |
705 | dup 120 /x put | |
706 | dup 121 /y put | |
707 | readonly def | |
708 | /FontBBox{-20 -233 617 696}readonly def | |
709 | currentdict end | |
710 | currentfile eexec | |
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976 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
977 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
978 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
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980 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
981 | cleartomark | |
982 | %%EndFont | |
983 | %%BeginFont: CMTT9 | |
984 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0 | |
985 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24 | |
986 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
987 | 11 dict begin | |
988 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
989 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
990 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
991 | /FullName (CMTT9) readonly def | |
992 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
993 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
994 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
995 | /isFixedPitch true def | |
996 | end readonly def | |
997 | /FontName /CMTT9 def | |
998 | /PaintType 0 def | |
999 | /FontType 1 def | |
1000 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
1001 | /Encoding 256 array | |
1002 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
1003 | dup 33 /exclam put | |
1004 | dup 35 /numbersign put | |
1005 | dup 36 /dollar put | |
1006 | dup 38 /ampersand put | |
1007 | dup 39 /quoteright put | |
1008 | dup 40 /parenleft put | |
1009 | dup 41 /parenright put | |
1010 | dup 42 /asterisk put | |
1011 | dup 44 /comma put | |
1012 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
1013 | dup 46 /period put | |
1014 | dup 47 /slash put | |
1015 | dup 48 /zero put | |
1016 | dup 49 /one put | |
1017 | dup 50 /two put | |
1018 | dup 51 /three put | |
1019 | dup 52 /four put | |
1020 | dup 58 /colon put | |
1021 | dup 59 /semicolon put | |
1022 | dup 60 /less put | |
1023 | dup 62 /greater put | |
1024 | dup 63 /question put | |
1025 | dup 64 /at put | |
1026 | dup 65 /A put | |
1027 | dup 66 /B put | |
1028 | dup 67 /C put | |
1029 | dup 68 /D put | |
1030 | dup 69 /E put | |
1031 | dup 70 /F put | |
1032 | dup 71 /G put | |
1033 | dup 72 /H put | |
1034 | dup 73 /I put | |
1035 | dup 75 /K put | |
1036 | dup 76 /L put | |
1037 | dup 77 /M put | |
1038 | dup 78 /N put | |
1039 | dup 79 /O put | |
1040 | dup 80 /P put | |
1041 | dup 82 /R put | |
1042 | dup 83 /S put | |
1043 | dup 84 /T put | |
1044 | dup 85 /U put | |
1045 | dup 86 /V put | |
1046 | dup 87 /W put | |
1047 | dup 88 /X put | |
1048 | dup 89 /Y put | |
1049 | dup 90 /Z put | |
1050 | dup 91 /bracketleft put | |
1051 | dup 93 /bracketright put | |
1052 | dup 94 /asciicircum put | |
1053 | dup 95 /underscore put | |
1054 | dup 96 /quoteleft put | |
1055 | dup 97 /a put | |
1056 | dup 98 /b put | |
1057 | dup 99 /c put | |
1058 | dup 100 /d put | |
1059 | dup 101 /e put | |
1060 | dup 102 /f put | |
1061 | dup 103 /g put | |
1062 | dup 104 /h put | |
1063 | dup 105 /i put | |
1064 | dup 106 /j put | |
1065 | dup 107 /k put | |
1066 | dup 108 /l put | |
1067 | dup 109 /m put | |
1068 | dup 110 /n put | |
1069 | dup 111 /o put | |
1070 | dup 112 /p put | |
1071 | dup 113 /q put | |
1072 | dup 114 /r put | |
1073 | dup 115 /s put | |
1074 | dup 116 /t put | |
1075 | dup 117 /u put | |
1076 | dup 118 /v put | |
1077 | dup 119 /w put | |
1078 | dup 120 /x put | |
1079 | dup 121 /y put | |
1080 | dup 122 /z put | |
1081 | dup 123 /braceleft put | |
1082 | dup 125 /braceright put | |
1083 | dup 126 /asciitilde put | |
1084 | readonly def | |
1085 | /FontBBox{-6 -233 542 698}readonly def | |
1086 | currentdict end | |
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1478 | D81D0B277CA333690FB282 | |
1479 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1480 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1481 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1482 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1483 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1484 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1485 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1486 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
1487 | cleartomark | |
1488 | %%EndFont | |
0001803f CR |
1489 | %%BeginFont: CMR10 |
1490 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B | |
1491 | %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52 | |
17345e5a JA |
1492 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. |
1493 | 11 dict begin | |
1494 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
0001803f | 1495 | /version (1.00B) readonly def |
17345e5a | 1496 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def |
0001803f | 1497 | /FullName (CMR10) readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
1498 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def |
1499 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
1500 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
1501 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
1502 | end readonly def | |
0001803f | 1503 | /FontName /CMR10 def |
17345e5a JA |
1504 | /PaintType 0 def |
1505 | /FontType 1 def | |
1506 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
1507 | /Encoding 256 array | |
1508 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
0001803f CR |
1509 | dup 11 /ff put |
1510 | dup 12 /fi put | |
1511 | dup 13 /fl put | |
1512 | dup 14 /ffi put | |
1513 | dup 33 /exclam put | |
1514 | dup 34 /quotedblright put | |
1515 | dup 36 /dollar put | |
1516 | dup 37 /percent put | |
1517 | dup 38 /ampersand put | |
17345e5a | 1518 | dup 39 /quoteright put |
0001803f CR |
1519 | dup 40 /parenleft put |
1520 | dup 41 /parenright put | |
1521 | dup 44 /comma put | |
17345e5a | 1522 | dup 45 /hyphen put |
0001803f CR |
1523 | dup 46 /period put |
1524 | dup 47 /slash put | |
1525 | dup 48 /zero put | |
17345e5a | 1526 | dup 49 /one put |
0001803f CR |
1527 | dup 50 /two put |
1528 | dup 51 /three put | |
1529 | dup 52 /four put | |
1530 | dup 53 /five put | |
1531 | dup 54 /six put | |
1532 | dup 55 /seven put | |
1533 | dup 56 /eight put | |
1534 | dup 57 /nine put | |
1535 | dup 58 /colon put | |
1536 | dup 59 /semicolon put | |
1537 | dup 61 /equal put | |
1538 | dup 63 /question put | |
17345e5a JA |
1539 | dup 65 /A put |
1540 | dup 66 /B put | |
1541 | dup 67 /C put | |
1542 | dup 68 /D put | |
1543 | dup 69 /E put | |
1544 | dup 70 /F put | |
0001803f CR |
1545 | dup 71 /G put |
1546 | dup 72 /H put | |
1547 | dup 73 /I put | |
1548 | dup 74 /J put | |
1549 | dup 75 /K put | |
17345e5a | 1550 | dup 76 /L put |
0001803f CR |
1551 | dup 77 /M put |
1552 | dup 78 /N put | |
1553 | dup 79 /O put | |
17345e5a | 1554 | dup 80 /P put |
0001803f | 1555 | dup 81 /Q put |
17345e5a JA |
1556 | dup 82 /R put |
1557 | dup 83 /S put | |
1558 | dup 84 /T put | |
0001803f CR |
1559 | dup 85 /U put |
1560 | dup 86 /V put | |
1561 | dup 87 /W put | |
1562 | dup 88 /X put | |
1563 | dup 89 /Y put | |
1564 | dup 90 /Z put | |
17345e5a | 1565 | dup 91 /bracketleft put |
0001803f CR |
1566 | dup 92 /quotedblleft put |
1567 | dup 93 /bracketright put | |
1568 | dup 96 /quoteleft put | |
17345e5a | 1569 | dup 97 /a put |
0001803f | 1570 | dup 98 /b put |
17345e5a | 1571 | dup 99 /c put |
0001803f | 1572 | dup 100 /d put |
17345e5a | 1573 | dup 101 /e put |
0001803f CR |
1574 | dup 102 /f put |
1575 | dup 103 /g put | |
1576 | dup 104 /h put | |
1577 | dup 105 /i put | |
17345e5a JA |
1578 | dup 106 /j put |
1579 | dup 107 /k put | |
0001803f CR |
1580 | dup 108 /l put |
1581 | dup 109 /m put | |
17345e5a | 1582 | dup 110 /n put |
0001803f | 1583 | dup 111 /o put |
17345e5a | 1584 | dup 112 /p put |
0001803f | 1585 | dup 113 /q put |
17345e5a JA |
1586 | dup 114 /r put |
1587 | dup 115 /s put | |
1588 | dup 116 /t put | |
1589 | dup 117 /u put | |
0001803f CR |
1590 | dup 118 /v put |
1591 | dup 119 /w put | |
1592 | dup 120 /x put | |
1593 | dup 121 /y put | |
1594 | dup 122 /z put | |
1595 | dup 123 /endash put | |
1596 | dup 124 /emdash put | |
17345e5a | 1597 | readonly def |
0001803f | 1598 | /FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
1599 | currentdict end |
1600 | currentfile eexec | |
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1605 | 469A6C558785B226332152109871A9883487DD7710949204DDCF837E6A8708B8 | |
0001803f CR |
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1607 | 87100FB1FFC4C8AF409B2067537220E605DA0852CA49839E1386AF9D7A1A455F | |
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1612 | 4BC45217722F1E8E40F1E1428E792EAFE05C5A50D38C52114DFCD24D54027CBF | |
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1980 | 8F32943568A0767A3989ACDE3FCBE70B0A2F59012E677A5453ADB258EC8169AC | |
1981 | BA489273284F03A6875CC457C5717A97D7B945CDA1670ADBBC5D3FD622EF483C | |
1982 | 99CB7717190B5190408DB73E488FCED65518E8CA3EBBAB43449DB5F57810B4FE | |
1983 | 6695F940926DE16480831E8E4DAD65074D989C772E1A143547200B733F3CA84E | |
1984 | A9EDC51A074092AB4963466806EA91E34EE4439D2C8F1AC9DC3B31AC04F94641 | |
1985 | D053C4B265C3387BC718B363C2BBC6C6F284935FD9C7FD7BA14A32B2C2AF1E4B | |
1986 | 3739A2257C60B5DD3715E99B0EC878442EC6305224F09158B947670AFB74597A | |
1987 | 5224189B403BA81BE4404900BA522E4E78AFD79F96E5F6549711D417AE05342D | |
1988 | 6BE3A1FE0BA1F1633391DCB6E798D14A190C6588161AE82B101F77C973310252 | |
1989 | E90CBFA354C89B1D816BF1370F9345834A05EFB21E8C52DED86BB69EFD3C3764 | |
1990 | DBE34A571602F05538400E4BDA2AF7CA8B50C28AFC821B251B9EB5C3F4183836 | |
1991 | F27CBBC378621A244DD82BEC981A6D1A132EA870A09C3AE661B0EE145C2ACDCD | |
1992 | 317B8B0CCAAFEAE0ADA2A777359170183C9A69E0CD629C17A0F84B3C32B3862E | |
1993 | 2D4C313B9A61935F57F4F93D5292880079E6071682E80D9A87DAD6C609D9D141 | |
1994 | 14879B8CA8A7449D04FCA686D44696FD8331B9E6EE6C2B59B950DE663964BCDA | |
1995 | 74BFADA585601819C06FE1FA3C098F92E96AEE4FA6F0600718B127D220319750 | |
1996 | EACE38DCAC4AA2CFA1E5BB904F4BE757C68583F875426434819631882F75FA35 | |
1997 | 62A62AACBDBE7AB41261B68B1A553C93801723747A90D71764DAF8FB7FECDDCE | |
1998 | 7548D5167D3AD2CF89A4504EE7454F3BF2A8A6F8958AEDF25729C61A38870C7A | |
1999 | 098D0F41A77E4C5432C4FF56E6C96BB34BE9276727C63FE9B4246A41C614FB89 | |
2000 | 223CA46A324DC52FDC7186B468771F4F7033B702260CFFACFFF59CA7F6253CC1 | |
2001 | 7344A2A4A885C5A5090F14EE18EBBEC69EC24D809AAA923FD9C1B386F9A64530 | |
2002 | C6379E44AF4824D13D4F947094DD3BE24FBC7D790E6BD0F1A6B3AE63B352D83F | |
2003 | CD789FFDE1965600535B61D91C4C2C44E5ED051715D3900929FA4C13C792761F | |
2004 | 448E9B00E59184182398DFC523E990A2432F6C77F05C7A1CF7F24E7E5EB1078A | |
2005 | 9769D53ED58F5523C6FC25441682DE3A91B0B14AC6CFFD2CF1ECC6264249B14F | |
2006 | 9F1B9682E2A21E2A6070FCA63AF62E2381AA5F4180AAADA3E775891680F3BBA9 | |
2007 | 55CBB62C7E80108A348AB2F99B664A9667183159DCE3FC08DDBCFE625528AD54 | |
2008 | 9E3CF770CB13D05E4F9424F38FE35074CE024B2AABA2963A5565C70E6579EDFA | |
2009 | A9DA79C5E9C678CD9D988E0EE58DEFE3D6959675A004A236C4074B0452764632 | |
2010 | F6E5A18DDF3942BF038CF0A2AC9AEF98A6EE6CE5F2DEBE26218D2105A3807508 | |
2011 | 5DB199DA8381E56E52FF8CF776A88DDEB9312BDD07B6AB03EC9E35876DB3AACA | |
2012 | 9CFFBA40CD426FEFB6992C89FE4BEBD80681A1E01701A3DDBCB85E30D7405F86 | |
2013 | 21D1D5ED21CB1F559096E2874572221B95FE3528F6571E46D12A89DD347CA976 | |
2014 | F0E0BCD152AEB860F53707461A50A4A2F0D5BD384B44C4122FCF544C3763A8D5 | |
2015 | D978842034B5B083D2C02FBC4AA897BA90BC2DCD408B77B0D14E9BC4F52E1F01 | |
2016 | C5C8BE41EBBA87969DBD1C48E69C0715C65A954603BA69CD423B641FBE43E859 | |
2017 | 2D8024429D19182CA87670B2BD8F0488FB68B453DF5B52DA10A2437528FD55F9 | |
2018 | 94C868088C61586E09CCA9CC24B7269FD330B69112A16776A08491E653DE7A13 | |
2019 | 50AB14E3E6ABE9ADAD7B7601676AB0AA88C0603C1CF6E07B1DE7ABB6ACFE948B | |
2020 | E1B9DA9237F9C41B48F5F0708A0F3E85F0A12F1369AEDE38ED12F3FCB02238E9 | |
2021 | 2B674E995A7DFB44459AE09702BA0EC70737213594F0DC1A5D4A9E841BE5D985 | |
2022 | 5C42F5A9D5E25CBF85771D0C6D14F934AC5D3622EEA3419D362AC03FF973715D | |
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2078 | 5D28A4D3F8E1828BC4409BFF5ACD5E0D89CEE8A2418DE054498E8D1C82081E58 | |
2079 | E5365C9993E10EF250A644A4365E34C0E94BED8A638F3281404A8275AE7237F6 | |
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2081 | 0D318B2042209B6522A7F42BD4F67FBABE76D3409FAAE2B16C27C5FC4DC3D2B4 | |
2082 | DD15497659235D1A264F50B912A13F43637350FBCD3BEACA5D3CF62260F44733 | |
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2094 | A94079C01DC7139C526DECDE8F307FB8687BFB484E21A9D97FBA35BFB5B85927 | |
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2096 | C99A956859216BAB195F56412B73682520947030B9C8C3A760BDFE4F0457ECB2 | |
2097 | D9480917AFF2411FAA0AE36390D14FEBFA2E682C04AF7AAF447160EF4CC7EF70 | |
2098 | D50BC32731B9CC9A79D378BDD5E5B33319A2F93F500C8B88D54F6465A8E66A4B | |
2099 | A5C81A6FF7BF8960C274288D3E3C3CA91765F3FEDA39EA1F5FD1357346BF30C2 | |
2100 | DA09C2A5B36BA44B73F2C1F2F29A08E86285D9A5B33C97F7FFC877DBCD2C5098 | |
2101 | B5C6768E13BBFFBBB9E385C5DE70564456F45E9C5E48C92A4E12F31206E52D72 | |
2102 | 6F1BBDCE33FEA115502B2DE84F9B0DB87FD0A19ADFFD0D0AC5348E4DAEEB7BE6 | |
2103 | 54A0E92CFB4BA347075ADA7B07FD44F436BC74DB1361F0195B9DC7CA76DC994F | |
2104 | BD4AFAB58C4758331853F35B90D737CC6BB90F82946F1CEDDC36BCAFFBD91778 | |
2105 | 2C45352271F00B553E70E1C7699353C21AC2FF5269D5C070A24642A20F959E4B | |
2106 | EC352E7BFAB8C8CD0259A47222B98A223ADAE09309CE254008D0A8215890541A | |
2107 | 2B64D0AE4846D56B0E296C2BECB4E6E15FAE6189907A772DCBFE7D9A534DAF45 | |
2108 | E9806B580D6E7437D6EC6C212918E096FAAE8AAF2EE471A670487D9106C59C8D | |
2109 | 9E0E72CA5B325E976E534E0FC4402580D531D8873DCBEF1FA5AD86758E8E3000 | |
2110 | 7CC778A190AA1F04591FEC4DC81DC3B4D9 | |
17345e5a JA |
2111 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
2112 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2113 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2114 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2115 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2116 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2117 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2118 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2119 | cleartomark | |
2120 | %%EndFont | |
2121 | %%BeginFont: CMCSC10 | |
2122 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMCSC10 1.0 | |
2123 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49 | |
2124 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
2125 | 11 dict begin | |
2126 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
2127 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
2128 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
2129 | /FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def | |
2130 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
2131 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
2132 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
2133 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
2134 | end readonly def | |
2135 | /FontName /CMCSC10 def | |
2136 | /PaintType 0 def | |
2137 | /FontType 1 def | |
2138 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
2139 | /Encoding 256 array | |
2140 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
2141 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
2142 | dup 47 /slash put | |
2143 | dup 50 /two put | |
2144 | dup 97 /a put | |
2145 | dup 98 /b put | |
2146 | dup 99 /c put | |
2147 | dup 100 /d put | |
2148 | dup 101 /e put | |
2149 | dup 102 /f put | |
2150 | dup 103 /g put | |
17345e5a | 2151 | dup 105 /i put |
17345e5a JA |
2152 | dup 108 /l put |
2153 | dup 109 /m put | |
2154 | dup 110 /n put | |
2155 | dup 111 /o put | |
2156 | dup 112 /p put | |
2157 | dup 114 /r put | |
2158 | dup 115 /s put | |
17345e5a JA |
2159 | dup 117 /u put |
2160 | dup 120 /x put | |
2161 | readonly def | |
2162 | /FontBBox{14 -250 1077 750}readonly def | |
2163 | currentdict end | |
2164 | currentfile eexec | |
2165 | D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE | |
2166 | 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B | |
2167 | 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 | |
2168 | B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B | |
2169 | 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE | |
2170 | D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D5993DFC0930297866E1CD0A30EB76029337 | |
2171 | 900ECFB1390CA5C0C3A04528044F266BA17BE487C79B94FAC6D6484684C5BFEA | |
2172 | 87BCCC77D40AD11552035E95E3007126418ED49B68468B38A14E88E68A267B98 | |
2173 | 076F1C9769A5AFBC285E5B158EAC9F926F1D6C0B8F1D57D9C31D25AE27123518 | |
2174 | 9D2CD92E5689E0213089BD268DA5E47525CB8EABAA4B78A15AEA34705889AB3A | |
2175 | FFB8953B5B3482E52BFA0940630ADF8C0AC2177D907324299EE980E850F203CD | |
2176 | B627962F43D5A678C44243CDE97853BDC6AB45FD5C09AD274DAF89929F583CC9 | |
2177 | CCC24BDFC68B92111055ABA5F26D2DC67C70906F71C2957701D65AE746A60C30 | |
2178 | 40E6CB24B97FCDAD0487AE38A201FBF0E41BABD2181981A71940F1E707F91E5D | |
2179 | C8CA50CB16D8702D188E56D014D92F76CE0B52ABDB9110E32438D2BBF3E6A40B | |
2180 | 7B005F10BB437812CAC6ED2996F7606DC962C4FDE207FF322782C343DF44CEC5 | |
2181 | FF06A55C630C20E9AE1B0D1C5673753C43BA0767D65D1B451CC6380D8BB3C4DC | |
2182 | 81E8FD8AA79BE993218686F29D3CD925566DD587F541A0DA1B1CC3BCEA2E6C7D | |
2183 | 5E1016F6917A871F1BBAD96AF9E867735017119A381FCF33EB2D3E1E7093FD90 | |
2184 | CDB0CED4818CFD9E201A03430CEC713620BE0D3254158931FB657C6AD4B2482A | |
2185 | 0E7D070D7497892E9E942DF58E88CAF0C8221BF36BF7C435BF2C683A4A2EF4CB | |
2186 | E85820A8AD3486155A40143011BA9D76297F46DEF69ECA4596D6E4CAABF84091 | |
2187 | 22A96A4BC78A8DD072FEB759A68A44BE1164638B6D952147EE3C628F9A022060 | |
2188 | 1D1941E73310943FA782532ABB1116532AD67AEFE0758C051241E301C7E13A98 | |
2189 | 6447EB0180BF6799814BEA4DC0F727D0A40B7BC3B1269CDE174453D6A3C4479C | |
0001803f CR |
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2191 | 554D92C7AB2C51C09C7EE0E5344CE62BEEB49D5F09AAE8AE94984EAD1847C5C7 | |
2192 | 72B2A06D1906BE1B19B8672AF6C90238BB7A697EDF6C299BB33275CACDECCCB5 | |
2193 | 5A2AC6B60E598D35B682B3445B029767AAED04633BD8C7F65DF5B19E68BAB10A | |
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17345e5a JA |
2290 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
2291 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2292 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2293 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2294 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2295 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2296 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2297 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2298 | cleartomark | |
2299 | %%EndFont | |
2300 | %%BeginFont: CMBX12 | |
2301 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX12 1.0 | |
2302 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:34:54 | |
2303 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
2304 | 11 dict begin | |
2305 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
2306 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
2307 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
2308 | /FullName (CMBX12) readonly def | |
2309 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
2310 | /Weight (Bold) readonly def | |
2311 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
2312 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
2313 | end readonly def | |
2314 | /FontName /CMBX12 def | |
2315 | /PaintType 0 def | |
2316 | /FontType 1 def | |
2317 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
2318 | /Encoding 256 array | |
2319 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
2320 | dup 11 /ff put | |
2321 | dup 12 /fi put | |
2322 | dup 33 /exclam put | |
2323 | dup 35 /numbersign put | |
2324 | dup 36 /dollar put | |
2325 | dup 39 /quoteright put | |
2326 | dup 42 /asterisk put | |
2327 | dup 44 /comma put | |
2328 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
2329 | dup 46 /period put | |
2330 | dup 48 /zero put | |
2331 | dup 49 /one put | |
2332 | dup 50 /two put | |
2333 | dup 51 /three put | |
2334 | dup 52 /four put | |
2335 | dup 53 /five put | |
2336 | dup 54 /six put | |
2337 | dup 55 /seven put | |
2338 | dup 56 /eight put | |
2339 | dup 57 /nine put | |
2340 | dup 58 /colon put | |
2341 | dup 63 /question put | |
2342 | dup 64 /at put | |
2343 | dup 65 /A put | |
2344 | dup 66 /B put | |
2345 | dup 67 /C put | |
2346 | dup 68 /D put | |
2347 | dup 69 /E put | |
2348 | dup 70 /F put | |
2349 | dup 71 /G put | |
2350 | dup 72 /H put | |
2351 | dup 73 /I put | |
2352 | dup 74 /J put | |
2353 | dup 75 /K put | |
2354 | dup 76 /L put | |
2355 | dup 77 /M put | |
2356 | dup 78 /N put | |
2357 | dup 79 /O put | |
2358 | dup 80 /P put | |
2359 | dup 81 /Q put | |
2360 | dup 82 /R put | |
2361 | dup 83 /S put | |
2362 | dup 84 /T put | |
2363 | dup 85 /U put | |
2364 | dup 86 /V put | |
2365 | dup 87 /W put | |
2366 | dup 88 /X put | |
2367 | dup 89 /Y put | |
2368 | dup 91 /bracketleft put | |
2369 | dup 93 /bracketright put | |
2370 | dup 96 /quoteleft put | |
2371 | dup 97 /a put | |
2372 | dup 98 /b put | |
2373 | dup 99 /c put | |
2374 | dup 100 /d put | |
2375 | dup 101 /e put | |
2376 | dup 102 /f put | |
2377 | dup 103 /g put | |
2378 | dup 104 /h put | |
2379 | dup 105 /i put | |
2380 | dup 106 /j put | |
2381 | dup 107 /k put | |
2382 | dup 108 /l put | |
2383 | dup 109 /m put | |
2384 | dup 110 /n put | |
2385 | dup 111 /o put | |
2386 | dup 112 /p put | |
2387 | dup 113 /q put | |
2388 | dup 114 /r put | |
2389 | dup 115 /s put | |
2390 | dup 116 /t put | |
2391 | dup 117 /u put | |
2392 | dup 118 /v put | |
2393 | dup 119 /w put | |
2394 | dup 120 /x put | |
2395 | dup 121 /y put | |
2396 | readonly def | |
2397 | /FontBBox{-53 -251 1139 750}readonly def | |
2398 | currentdict end | |
2399 | currentfile eexec | |
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2779 | CE9D51AFB937162E7DDD1AA3292C17BA791657A7EE7DC44E80D363B0A0A26E03 | |
2780 | F6DD84E89D28D7C1C3ED347AF7FD4816B66FBF56A4A551776FD3DBBBAFBFAAA5 | |
2781 | A99CBA77634AC5FBA9A02B8289E14FD064591A9C1DAFBBA02F44125B931ACC5F | |
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2783 | 3D9D30311A4C98976498DE7B6FAF7EA6385B2F6BC3F913517083EA1A03BF3A37 | |
2784 | 28B17D9D90DDEEFFB6FED93911508F48424A2C7EF96FF5F7C2BE572C6BECEDAE | |
2785 | 9895E3364C10ECF70C24CF1F16C4265E4AE26E8118AD1CA54D17E0E5E1DC3E54 | |
2786 | 25A65F2180CADDBD660CC16034A000CB321E3F55C07039A5DAE31B9AFFB2A33F | |
2787 | E85C43EBFF2216229FAFF16DA8B2E91272C20A3D44BD9D1613347B80FC96D23A | |
2788 | E84FB08E2C4AF42E48C6DBE656C1593E1DEC2E3C5C5719AE12B5507840D27383 | |
2789 | 5D8B266561EEEC730072BB24DC7E734DDF6B8E725E9205AD2DA26A517478AA2A | |
2790 | 531AD334BC428F48586FC2DAEA9D262B673F5F3FCC1EE33C0FCA58955E739C58 | |
2791 | 75306B3CE28A091645670B38846F56D438561B84D7DDD7FCD31A7023916E0079 | |
2792 | FF95D359F472198BAE4628F8097C984B094C5601B8BF3AE95BD8F7ABE1BAA6A6 | |
2793 | A4E073756A2140A266B01B1D31253FA57BE714282F88960BAF37AA5DFE4FBBAE | |
2794 | 9DC32332D7C578C5 | |
2795 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2796 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2797 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2798 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2799 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2800 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2801 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2802 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2803 | cleartomark | |
2804 | %%EndFont | |
2805 | %%BeginFont: CMTI10 | |
2806 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B | |
2807 | %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16 | |
2808 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
2809 | 11 dict begin | |
2810 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
2811 | /version (1.00B) readonly def | |
2812 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
2813 | /FullName (CMTI10) readonly def | |
2814 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
2815 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
2816 | /ItalicAngle -14.04 def | |
2817 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
2818 | end readonly def | |
2819 | /FontName /CMTI10 def | |
2820 | /PaintType 0 def | |
2821 | /FontType 1 def | |
2822 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
2823 | /Encoding 256 array | |
2824 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
2825 | dup 12 /fi put | |
0001803f | 2826 | dup 45 /hyphen put |
17345e5a JA |
2827 | dup 97 /a put |
2828 | dup 99 /c put | |
2829 | dup 100 /d put | |
2830 | dup 101 /e put | |
2831 | dup 103 /g put | |
2832 | dup 105 /i put | |
2833 | dup 108 /l put | |
2834 | dup 109 /m put | |
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2993 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2994 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2995 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2996 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2997 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
2998 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
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3000 | cleartomark | |
3001 | %%EndFont | |
0001803f CR |
3002 | %%BeginFont: CMMI10 |
3003 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100 | |
3004 | %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57 | |
17345e5a JA |
3005 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. |
3006 | 11 dict begin | |
3007 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
0001803f | 3008 | /version (1.100) readonly def |
17345e5a | 3009 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def |
0001803f | 3010 | /FullName (CMMI10) readonly def |
17345e5a | 3011 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def |
0001803f | 3012 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
3013 | /ItalicAngle -14.04 def |
3014 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
3015 | end readonly def | |
0001803f | 3016 | /FontName /CMMI10 def |
17345e5a JA |
3017 | /PaintType 0 def |
3018 | /FontType 1 def | |
3019 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
3020 | /Encoding 256 array | |
3021 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
0001803f CR |
3022 | dup 58 /period put |
3023 | readonly def | |
3024 | /FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def | |
3025 | currentdict end | |
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3044 | 74109050FBA2602E72593FBCBFC26E726EE4AEF97B7632BC4F5F353B5C67FED2 | |
3045 | 3EA752A4A57B8F7FEFF1D7341D895F0A3A0BE1D8E3391970457A967EFF84F6D8 | |
3046 | 47750B1145B8CC5BD96EE7AA99DDC9E06939E383BDA41175233D58AD263EBF19 | |
3047 | AFC0E2F840512D321166547B306C592B8A01E1FA2564B9A26DAC14256414E4C8 | |
3048 | 42616728D918C74D13C349F4186EC7B9708B86467425A6FDB3A396562F7EE4D8 | |
3049 | 40B43621744CF8A23A6E532649B66C2A0002DD04F8F39618E4F572819DD34837 | |
3050 | B5A08E643FDCA1505AF6A1FA3DDFD1FA758013CAED8ACDDBBB334D664DFF5B53 | |
3051 | 9560176676ABB71BBD0EE56B4CC492C0652750227CEC6CBEEE374709231B00CD | |
3052 | 0DE83AFDE295B314F6C8B1FFD32251C1925D96A64D739FF1DA4926460B28B3DE | |
3053 | E949AA0BA3DDB16534FBA30C32092D5F712B5E8C8D5142F35AF2906E6C219D2C | |
3054 | 7FD9A368C193E0EB9C7E25FF03C546B6ED993F964CEDB1B8537C617170787F37 | |
3055 | 88D6F2AD02384B01067FE3F98257BAB958BB3BCD1001090A4502DA0638080EC6 | |
3056 | DB784CC8AC37CDC01B29BC481D6A05ADC6188785262358C1BF1D694BBF31C1F1 | |
3057 | AF117C1ACED44AAC6EB4B9A2511A6762DDE8FCCBA5 | |
3058 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3059 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3060 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3061 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3062 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3063 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3064 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3065 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3066 | cleartomark | |
3067 | %%EndFont | |
3068 | %%BeginFont: CMMI12 | |
3069 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100 | |
3070 | %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55 | |
3071 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
3072 | 11 dict begin | |
3073 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
3074 | /version (1.100) readonly def | |
3075 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
3076 | /FullName (CMMI12) readonly def | |
3077 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
3078 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
3079 | /ItalicAngle -14.04 def | |
3080 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
3081 | end readonly def | |
3082 | /FontName /CMMI12 def | |
3083 | /PaintType 0 def | |
3084 | /FontType 1 def | |
3085 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
3086 | /Encoding 256 array | |
3087 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
3088 | dup 58 /period put | |
17345e5a | 3089 | readonly def |
0001803f | 3090 | /FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def |
17345e5a JA |
3091 | currentdict end |
3092 | currentfile eexec | |
3093 | D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE | |
3094 | 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B | |
3095 | 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 | |
3096 | B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B | |
3097 | 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE | |
0001803f CR |
3098 | D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D6A8F05B47AF95EF28A9C561DBDC98C47CF5 |
3099 | 5250011D19E9366EB6FD153D3A100CAA6212E3D5D93990737F8D326D347B7EDC | |
3100 | 4391C9DF440285B8FC159D0E98D4258FC57892DCC57F7903449E07914FBE9E67 | |
3101 | 3C15C2153C061EB541F66C11E7EE77D5D77C0B11E1AC55101DA976CCACAB6993 | |
3102 | EED1406FBB7FF30EAC9E90B90B2AF4EC7C273CA32F11A5C1426FF641B4A2FB2F | |
3103 | 4E68635C93DB835737567FAF8471CBC05078DCD4E40E25A2F4E5AF46C234CF59 | |
3104 | 2A1CE8F39E1BA1B2A594355637E474167EAD4D97D51AF0A899B44387E1FD933A | |
3105 | 323AFDA6BA740534A510B4705C0A15647AFBF3E53A82BF320DD96753639BE49C | |
3106 | 2F79A1988863EF977B800C9DB5B42039C23EB86953713F730E03EA22FF7BB2C1 | |
3107 | D97D33FD77B1BDCC2A60B12CF7805CFC90C5B914C0F30A673DF9587F93E47CEA | |
3108 | 5932DD1930560C4F0D97547BCD805D6D854455B13A4D7382A22F562D7C55041F | |
3109 | 0FD294BDAA1834820F894265A667E5C97D95FF152531EF97258F56374502865D | |
3110 | A1E7C0C5FB7C6FB7D3C43FEB3431095A59FBF6F61CEC6D6DEE09F4EB0FD70D77 | |
3111 | 2A8B0A4984C6120293F6B947944BE23259F6EB64303D627353163B6505FC8A60 | |
3112 | 00681F7A3968B6CBB49E0420A691258F5E7B07B417157803FCBE9B9FB1F80FD8 | |
3113 | CA0DA1186446DD565542BCCC7D339A1EB34C7F49246E8D72E987EB477C6DB757 | |
3114 | 99AF86CEBCD7605C487A00CD2CD093098182DC57B20D78ECE0BECF3A0BF88EBA | |
3115 | C866DB19F34BBBED6634AFC0F08D2AFB2A92578A6F8B4ADCD6594737FF6EED7D | |
3116 | 5B536DA9E3E2CADB40DB7C600EA4D100D33C3B92B1CF857E012C4EB370BA8295 | |
3117 | 55B50047CC8911C98FE1A7BA6CDEA82D34476286E710776823690AD333DD3A49 | |
3118 | 335002F4680DBE1C21174BF016B0DF799B01EB9D6988479A8334BBA2F8DC7146 | |
3119 | BC0DAE9DE3A6453B181808E68A89E0C02DAC6264D002B422EBC1CF14F65D9888 | |
3120 | 15EE6D514D3457F7F3C6A3D17EE1DA076F73ECC392D349174DA9E4680F29CE10 | |
3121 | 0157E42CA35F5DBFF56BFC3AA07E61A78DBE882C5AB388220C19750D3643E7C8 | |
3122 | 23D6673027CE568A4ACCE1D12B1D9E5A43507F4AF9BC873237F65A6B95078DD2 | |
3123 | 378007CF0F0DE7CCEF760E19D6D1D7B412EC5D4972 | |
17345e5a JA |
3124 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
3125 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3126 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3127 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3128 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3129 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3130 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3131 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3132 | cleartomark | |
3133 | %%EndFont | |
3134 | %%BeginFont: CMSY10 | |
3135 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0 | |
3136 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57 | |
3137 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
3138 | 11 dict begin | |
3139 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
3140 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
3141 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
3142 | /FullName (CMSY10) readonly def | |
3143 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
3144 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
3145 | /ItalicAngle -14.035 def | |
3146 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
3147 | end readonly def | |
3148 | /FontName /CMSY10 def | |
3149 | /PaintType 0 def | |
3150 | /FontType 1 def | |
3151 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
3152 | /Encoding 256 array | |
3153 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
3154 | dup 0 /minus put | |
3155 | dup 13 /circlecopyrt put | |
3156 | dup 15 /bullet put | |
3157 | dup 33 /arrowright put | |
3158 | dup 55 /mapsto put | |
3159 | readonly def | |
3160 | /FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def | |
3161 | currentdict end | |
3162 | currentfile eexec | |
3163 | D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964 | |
3164 | 7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4 | |
3165 | A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85 | |
3166 | E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A | |
3167 | 221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D31FF2B87F97C73D63EECDDA4C49501773468A | |
3168 | 27D1663E0B62F461F6E40A5D6676D1D12B51E641C1D4E8E2771864FC104F8CBF | |
3169 | 5B78EC1D88228725F1C453A678F58A7E1B7BD7CA700717D288EB8DA1F57C4F09 | |
3170 | 0ABF1D42C5DDD0C384C7E22F8F8047BE1D4C1CC8E33368FB1AC82B4E96146730 | |
3171 | DE3302B2E6B819CB6AE455B1AF3187FFE8071AA57EF8A6616B9CB7941D44EC7A | |
3172 | 71A7BB3DF755178D7D2E4BB69859EFA4BBC30BD6BB1531133FD4D9438FF99F09 | |
3173 | 4ECC068A324D75B5F696B8688EEB2F17E5ED34CCD6D047A4E3806D000C199D7C | |
3174 | 515DB70A8D4F6146FE068DC1E5DE8BC57033D79919697C81395D5B94C3AAAB11 | |
3175 | 52D73937B8F82D3E2E764DA1B3BE273CBB84E4B1919CC1D5586C21F6FC23BF1D | |
3176 | 82DE5A8DFA3E8F5C25622AAB9F7A588532D13C663079C8FB84DA6BD4D2DEDB2F | |
3177 | 84CE30D0F188EEA26BAA650B1AA18C7D241CC179AE82933C45A82BD57808E2D8 | |
3178 | 032E1ABA37E4FD8E27AF35326011B8BD7FCA4EA71B5FDB60F7D63D0874B77656 | |
3179 | F289B324BE95E33A9B732669966C96E64C4840A8EDE39410E6F6F0F027063530 | |
3180 | B760AECC1594FED97FDAF84016D6D7CD8358E062040143593FD734B7EBEF810C | |
3181 | 6B1B941E0676910D0A04466C27EB62523967DA65748264D137D8ED841E3D36A8 | |
3182 | 06761884C9AC0DE7C88FBA06B933E311EC28B17428C69C796E3F14C6E7CF97E7 | |
3183 | 9FF2559E5D1F9EA00554A5995096075ED8901E2F45E76B2C5566E947E41294B5 | |
3184 | 9BC17D2F1AB2C577F2710540F7235BB4569D2FEE06C8E45C8A1C0BDCA78A43D5 | |
3185 | 7A687297D36E269B9EC59754EDB5DE481018BA228AEC200DD877D3E5DA7159C6 | |
3186 | 50F4D7348BA64508F84DAF7FCF01B8C5ABFBE5861D4B32F9E32C7C4B2B6EA064 | |
3187 | F179E8F62E3A59DC65FB475A3DB61C36E43AB3EEF286A50FD5F57277747CB7B7 | |
3188 | 78284143B3F0196437A1DEC9E61454F80C6720D8008EB945799236677E7FA331 | |
3189 | E091CD5D924C48EF02DEB2B54D8EE02897C481C815C24F15A7548E2ED908E3DE | |
3190 | 3763983CE2ED0A86B6BB97B4626F1AAFFAFF27CEF18947AF2EB40D7124A122C7 | |
3191 | 6A6ED9E0528A29F7A238DB73B95869018D40674CEDB9A993B6C117FADE48A8C5 | |
3192 | C6ADAE4960C0D56F3E30ACB38CA8AA8443166BCFF6A5FC2177C6836859CDE55B | |
3193 | E0F1E80605C8670AC34DC8E8586ACA6E1CECE99C53A42C5730 | |
3194 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3195 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3196 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3197 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3198 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3199 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3200 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3201 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3202 | cleartomark | |
3203 | %%EndFont | |
3204 | %%BeginFont: CMSL10 | |
3205 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSL10 1.0 | |
3206 | %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:40:20 | |
3207 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
3208 | 11 dict begin | |
3209 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
3210 | /version (1.0) readonly def | |
3211 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
3212 | /FullName (CMSL10) readonly def | |
3213 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
3214 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
3215 | /ItalicAngle -9.46 def | |
3216 | /isFixedPitch false def | |
3217 | end readonly def | |
3218 | /FontName /CMSL10 def | |
3219 | /PaintType 0 def | |
3220 | /FontType 1 def | |
3221 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
3222 | /Encoding 256 array | |
3223 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
3224 | dup 11 /ff put | |
3225 | dup 12 /fi put | |
3226 | dup 14 /ffi put | |
17345e5a JA |
3227 | dup 45 /hyphen put |
3228 | dup 49 /one put | |
3229 | dup 50 /two put | |
3230 | dup 51 /three put | |
3231 | dup 65 /A put | |
3232 | dup 66 /B put | |
3233 | dup 67 /C put | |
3234 | dup 68 /D put | |
3235 | dup 69 /E put | |
3236 | dup 70 /F put | |
3237 | dup 71 /G put | |
3238 | dup 72 /H put | |
3239 | dup 73 /I put | |
3240 | dup 75 /K put | |
3241 | dup 76 /L put | |
3242 | dup 77 /M put | |
3243 | dup 78 /N put | |
3244 | dup 79 /O put | |
3245 | dup 80 /P put | |
3246 | dup 82 /R put | |
3247 | dup 83 /S put | |
3248 | dup 84 /T put | |
3249 | dup 85 /U put | |
3250 | dup 87 /W put | |
3251 | dup 88 /X put | |
3252 | dup 97 /a put | |
3253 | dup 98 /b put | |
3254 | dup 99 /c put | |
3255 | dup 100 /d put | |
3256 | dup 101 /e put | |
3257 | dup 102 /f put | |
3258 | dup 103 /g put | |
3259 | dup 104 /h put | |
3260 | dup 105 /i put | |
3261 | dup 106 /j put | |
3262 | dup 107 /k put | |
3263 | dup 108 /l put | |
3264 | dup 109 /m put | |
3265 | dup 110 /n put | |
3266 | dup 111 /o put | |
3267 | dup 112 /p put | |
3268 | dup 113 /q put | |
3269 | dup 114 /r put | |
3270 | dup 115 /s put | |
3271 | dup 116 /t put | |
3272 | dup 117 /u put | |
3273 | dup 118 /v put | |
3274 | dup 119 /w put | |
3275 | dup 120 /x put | |
3276 | dup 121 /y put | |
3277 | readonly def | |
3278 | /FontBBox{-62 -250 1123 750}readonly def | |
3279 | currentdict end | |
3280 | currentfile eexec | |
3281 | D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE | |
3282 | 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B | |
3283 | 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 | |
3284 | B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B | |
3285 | 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE | |
3286 | D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D5993DFC0930297866E1CD0A319B6B1FD958 | |
3287 | 9429B9D40924DC059325D9D4CC0344F3F997A99E6CC0676735EBCD685AAC9142 | |
3288 | 08DAFEC78BB41AFC2F1C219910BDF41D6279284EF600B69776CA15BC8A34347C | |
3289 | 30783C52AFA60FBE3E353E2AE354CF87B558776A22C776C7A0B5AB5CE1F941EF | |
3290 | C2D9CAC37294BF407A671F10E4743BF842143F4F7DFEE643BA3BBD8BB9E3F24A | |
3291 | BCCF7F0ADF8BA500620C81033EAE8C4EF2C1DEF13AC575F1B3BBB66F093D3B78 | |
3292 | 5412B82B67FFA087AF57182B2230F9F2137180CA58A7D9B2C822FF04BE6CD01D | |
3293 | 43B2CA7058C7B953F6D9B5D6E91ECBAA5CDE1159B0E59C83DBAD96D6C8C8BAB1 | |
3294 | 374EF652D10C0F3EE7104472C98DD3572AAF2D45A70BF7061447E21EE3C3BF23 | |
3295 | DF39C2D1B35B42CD5297BEBE6BC94F7C9DC6E61EC67E4F677256FED9064BD3E4 | |
3296 | B51A71B1D27CA4E5AA9E1D8080E6DAB5310711EEF87C40859FA935B19524AE83 | |
3297 | 63B163FA8397BDFF443227FEDF7DB27DC35D89FB1C5E435DA0619A5C88AFC73B | |
3298 | 89A2DF5E767C5B536BC7167A840A0C32BD57A14DE69A7D0D819AC36FF32F908A | |
3299 | 5070F32983BB007437E3500799DF5E0AD3710A4C0000F0098D5BE99F2EB9C1C2 | |
3300 | C444FD9552D0DCA098A94B3BF176F511CEE13DB7EFFAED7C47B5ADCF8D4700F5 | |
3301 | 7A5FD1B49560969BF5C44F3749370663A04776F749DDD7B50674D93254426C4B | |
3302 | EFE264BEE7810EC93784B7C01A7F29EFD92547E13A2C7851A2E709FBD5B87850 | |
3303 | 4A44F08F56A542DBE072D2FBC58D9E6468E1AB858DC35240E30D31C7AC13D6C5 | |
3304 | 7D2BB634BEE96FA0E10F842B11A789F72A333DD6DDCB1BC23227EBC406E50B40 | |
3305 | 30AF0C48E6359AB0C46898CDAF1118E46BFF8B00F54EACBC2AC262AB898C42B9 | |
495aee44 CR |
3306 | 2E080C10DE923C195F9FB3A03CAAEEA6A78E5994B2DC3A318F06679925ABB1AB |
3307 | 5BEEBB2591961C13F25248DF7E43D2F7D8EF2DFE0C9F6332503E58DFFC63582F | |
3308 | A120BF80E4342491BFE3833012907CFD93A90AA3E216D6D4DC0EB815173DDE5C | |
3309 | 1B9B2AB54706738CD00FEE5539B6BAFA1957F5A9BF70EEBCCE9CC306B11E36D8 | |
3310 | D00BF55A9FA5CFB32E7CDCA2DD37A5BB2D1F9A8EC0B5C1FB6EB83ACA9BD33028 | |
3311 | 7F991C4E7C1BA5427C9D4463C864B44A0A8ABE45F89E3AC2EF454AF0ADD564EB | |
3312 | 8A3B841717842866E2EA6A60AD1926E861C6311C58B110EFA8911575FFEC54CB | |
3313 | 14C69B630B15EB96B1310195FB1274EAA3F3C603FBA6DE75B66E47556197AD6B | |
3314 | FD13D8BAA3135913B0A7C692238A0450F7734D408552ABC33EF3AA89B7D1C8AC | |
3315 | 1D74CF4703117DD038CC44E24325F00B3A67598BE2A6A218553A744BC88AC513 | |
3316 | AF9FB3489FBF50078B4948BF637F7D458D558E8DA8DDF2F2A5498E52A3AFBE84 | |
3317 | 50F28EA42228C1CB07B5DA81C34D733F6DA3BD02224AA73F1AA7FDF92ED9FF0D | |
3318 | AD7277231AF2BBD9575C73DADAA9A9113DF3899C43C972750B18809815979408 | |
3319 | B477D75F9BAD6DE0339A2DFD07B42A84FDA822D31AB47096B8505F9FA2079B80 | |
3320 | 10DD05033A17149C3B7A34BEE8E0962214393A269DF2F2CA131F367DED66320D | |
3321 | 79A03AE8239B8E5A095BB7FC90C1DA766880D29AFD86B9E7F61A3F7A406DD78C | |
3322 | 02CCF7AB8521C47FA61BCC7CFFC45CEDA072972A3F5F5C9FF09C5AF9F00F9DD3 | |
3323 | D77EA32D12371C2377FD2249C74E8FCDC1E389322E7A0616A99C14A352ECDA21 | |
3324 | E6CE1BFA9098C23A7BE5063C4654AB93338B46015B05C850EA549BAC9FF23959 | |
3325 | 91966A4F50C5FE67C4D5657632BCEA14D9E226A78F13705282ABFEF36D4327CD | |
3326 | 811B421B12E319356136394B13B1D1C2A0AE9C62D37FA9DE80A00AC25CDEB3BD | |
3327 | BF74FC8D4AC35C5EF6876D5C0E267847106FE804A1909728A6D75542ECA271A7 | |
3328 | 3B4F5C761D3E195E5DE6BB53598EC77322A22AAFF7C39649DE9133EEFA9B3654 | |
3329 | 5D0951EC63A5CFAF33DAF36D7778DFC3AC9914919288E3C470FE6D43917D0731 | |
3330 | 2BAA724A14C2DE535ABA30380CAE8B192D0AC98FEC1F93A497754B2D3AF768EB | |
3331 | A990CD19A702C770B7B6DB0615AC790F28CD55B3EB1C810ABB629EAB912AF685 | |
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3635 | 77664C76F12462C5B2D2EC2178BDAA2C35011DCA5E094DBEA5BFB8342BBD9677 | |
3636 | FF493BA9B30F2F8D1250D4B1D5B51BB6219C673FD0145DD86900398F796B8AE8 | |
3637 | 5868D33B8E71ADB374DA3D312FAABE8B32276D537966758C57A18AD3A8890806 | |
3638 | 1FAB4F9F6A5FC613EF38CE39A1567E520F779E98 | |
17345e5a JA |
3639 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
3640 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3641 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3642 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3643 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3644 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3645 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3646 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 | |
3647 | cleartomark | |
3648 | %%EndFont | |
3649 | %%BeginFont: CMTT10 | |
3650 | %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT10 1.00B | |
3651 | %%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42 | |
3652 | % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. | |
3653 | 11 dict begin | |
3654 | /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin | |
3655 | /version (1.00B) readonly def | |
3656 | /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def | |
3657 | /FullName (CMTT10) readonly def | |
3658 | /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def | |
3659 | /Weight (Medium) readonly def | |
3660 | /ItalicAngle 0 def | |
3661 | /isFixedPitch true def | |
3662 | end readonly def | |
3663 | /FontName /CMTT10 def | |
3664 | /PaintType 0 def | |
3665 | /FontType 1 def | |
3666 | /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def | |
3667 | /Encoding 256 array | |
3668 | 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for | |
3669 | dup 33 /exclam put | |
3670 | dup 34 /quotedbl put | |
3671 | dup 35 /numbersign put | |
3672 | dup 36 /dollar put | |
3673 | dup 37 /percent put | |
3674 | dup 38 /ampersand put | |
3675 | dup 39 /quoteright put | |
3676 | dup 40 /parenleft put | |
3677 | dup 41 /parenright put | |
3678 | dup 42 /asterisk put | |
3679 | dup 43 /plus put | |
3680 | dup 44 /comma put | |
3681 | dup 45 /hyphen put | |
3682 | dup 46 /period put | |
3683 | dup 47 /slash put | |
3684 | dup 48 /zero put | |
3685 | dup 49 /one put | |
3686 | dup 50 /two put | |
3687 | dup 51 /three put | |
3688 | dup 52 /four put | |
3689 | dup 53 /five put | |
3690 | dup 54 /six put | |
3691 | dup 55 /seven put | |
3692 | dup 56 /eight put | |
3693 | dup 57 /nine put | |
3694 | dup 58 /colon put | |
3695 | dup 59 /semicolon put | |
3696 | dup 60 /less put | |
3697 | dup 61 /equal put | |
3698 | dup 62 /greater put | |
3699 | dup 63 /question put | |
3700 | dup 64 /at put | |
3701 | dup 65 /A put | |
3702 | dup 66 /B put | |
3703 | dup 67 /C put | |
3704 | dup 68 /D put | |
3705 | dup 69 /E put | |
3706 | dup 70 /F put | |
3707 | dup 71 /G put | |
3708 | dup 72 /H put | |
3709 | dup 73 /I put | |
3710 | dup 75 /K put | |
3711 | dup 76 /L put | |
3712 | dup 77 /M put | |
3713 | dup 78 /N put | |
3714 | dup 79 /O put | |
3715 | dup 80 /P put | |
3716 | dup 81 /Q put | |
3717 | dup 82 /R put | |
3718 | dup 83 /S put | |
3719 | dup 84 /T put | |
3720 | dup 85 /U put | |
3721 | dup 86 /V put | |
3722 | dup 87 /W put | |
3723 | dup 88 /X put | |
3724 | dup 89 /Y put | |
3725 | dup 90 /Z put | |
3726 | dup 91 /bracketleft put | |
3727 | dup 92 /backslash put | |
3728 | dup 93 /bracketright put | |
3729 | dup 94 /asciicircum put | |
3730 | dup 95 /underscore put | |
3731 | dup 96 /quoteleft put | |
3732 | dup 97 /a put | |
3733 | dup 98 /b put | |
3734 | dup 99 /c put | |
3735 | dup 100 /d put | |
3736 | dup 101 /e put | |
3737 | dup 102 /f put | |
3738 | dup 103 /g put | |
3739 | dup 104 /h put | |
3740 | dup 105 /i put | |
3741 | dup 106 /j put | |
3742 | dup 107 /k put | |
3743 | dup 108 /l put | |
3744 | dup 109 /m put | |
3745 | dup 110 /n put | |
3746 | dup 111 /o put | |
3747 | dup 112 /p put | |
3748 | dup 113 /q put | |
3749 | dup 114 /r put | |
3750 | dup 115 /s put | |
3751 | dup 116 /t put | |
3752 | dup 117 /u put | |
3753 | dup 118 /v put | |
3754 | dup 119 /w put | |
3755 | dup 120 /x put | |
3756 | dup 121 /y put | |
3757 | dup 122 /z put | |
3758 | dup 123 /braceleft put | |
3759 | dup 124 /bar put | |
3760 | dup 125 /braceright put | |
3761 | dup 126 /asciitilde put | |
3762 | readonly def | |
3763 | /FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def | |
3764 | currentdict end | |
3765 | currentfile eexec | |
3766 | D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052A014267B7904EB3C0D3BD0B83D891 | |
3767 | 016CA6CA4B712ADEB258FAAB9A130EE605E61F77FC1B738ABC7C51CD46EF8171 | |
3768 | 9098D5FEE67660E69A7AB91B58F29A4D79E57022F783EB0FBBB6D4F4EC35014F | |
3769 | D2DECBA99459A4C59DF0C6EBA150284454E707DC2100C15B76B4C19B84363758 | |
3770 | 469A6C558785B226332152109871A9883487DD7710949204DDCF837E6A8708B8 | |
3771 | 2BDBF16FBC7512FAA308A093FE5F00F963068B8232429ED8B7CF6A3D879A2D19 | |
3772 | 38DD5C4467F9DD8C5D1A2000B3A6BF2F25629BAEC199AE8BD4BA6ED9BBF7DABF | |
3773 | D0E153BAB1C17900D4FCE209622ACD19E7C74C2807D0397357ED07AB460D5204 | |
3774 | EB3A45B7AC4D106B7303AD8348853032A745F417943F9B4FED652B835AA49727 | |
3775 | A8B4117AFF1D4BCE831EB510B6851796D0BE6982B76620CB3CE0C22CACDD4593 | |
3776 | F244C14EEC0E5A7C4AC42392F81C01BC4257FE12AF33F4BFEA9108FF11CF9714 | |
3777 | 4DD6EC70A2C4C1E4F328A1EB25E43525FB1E16C07E28CC359DF61F426B7D41EA | |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a | 4333 | (Reference)i(Man)m(ual)p Ft(,)150 3243 y(for)e Fs(Bash)p |
495aee44 CR |
4334 | Ft(,)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(4.2.)150 3377 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)602 |
4335 | 3374 y(c)577 3377 y Fp(\015)f Ft(1988{2010)35 b(F)-8 | |
17345e5a JA |
4336 | b(ree)31 b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 b(oundation,)31 b(Inc.)150 |
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4340 | (ermission)g(notice)h(are)g(preserv)m(ed)f(on)h(all)g(copies.)390 | |
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4342 | b(,)38 b(distribute)d(and/or)g(mo)s(dify)f(this)h(do)s(cumen)m(t)g | |
4343 | (under)390 3866 y(the)j(terms)g(of)g(the)g(GNU)h(F)-8 | |
4344 | b(ree)39 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)h(License,)g(V)-8 b(ersion)39 | |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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4466 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 | 4483 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)57 b Ft(24)399 4824 y(3.5.7)93 |
0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
4488 | b Fm(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) |
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0001803f CR |
4491 | b(Matc)m(hing)d Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
4498 | b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
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4500 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)55 | |
495aee44 | 4501 | b Ft(27)p eop end |
17345e5a JA |
4502 | %%Page: -2 4 |
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495aee44 CR |
4504 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)399 83 y(3.6.1)93 b(Redirecting)31 |
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495aee44 CR |
4510 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)56 |
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4524 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)58 | |
4525 | b Ft(30)399 850 y(3.6.8)93 b(Duplicating)32 b(File)f(Descriptors)16 | |
0001803f CR |
4526 | b Fm(:)g(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
4527 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 4528 | b Ft(30)399 960 y(3.6.9)93 b(Mo)m(ving)32 b(File)f(Descriptors)19 |
0001803f CR |
4529 | b Fm(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
4530 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)49 | |
495aee44 CR |
4531 | b Ft(30)399 1069 y(3.6.10)93 b(Op)s(ening)29 b(File)j(Descriptors)f |
4532 | (for)f(Reading)h(and)f(W)-8 b(riting)19 b Fm(:)e(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4533 | 49 b Ft(30)275 1179 y(3.7)92 b(Executing)31 b(Commands)17 | |
0001803f CR |
4534 | b Fm(:)d(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4535 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4536 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)46 b Ft(30)399 1289 y(3.7.1)93 |
0001803f CR |
4537 | b(Simple)30 b(Command)f(Expansion)23 b Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4538 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4539 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)52 b Ft(31)399 1398 y(3.7.2)93 b(Command)29 |
0001803f CR |
4540 | b(Searc)m(h)i(and)f(Execution)d Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4541 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)56 | |
495aee44 | 4542 | b Ft(31)399 1508 y(3.7.3)93 b(Command)29 b(Execution)i(En)m(vironmen)m |
0001803f | 4543 | (t)8 b Fm(:)16 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 4544 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Ft(32)399 1617 |
0001803f CR |
4545 | y(3.7.4)93 b(En)m(vironmen)m(t)18 b Fm(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4546 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
4547 | f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4548 | (:)h(:)47 b Ft(33)399 1727 y(3.7.5)93 b(Exit)31 b(Status)c |
0001803f CR |
4549 | Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4550 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
4551 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)57 b | |
495aee44 | 4552 | Ft(33)399 1836 y(3.7.6)93 b(Signals)15 b Fm(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
0001803f CR |
4553 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
4554 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4555 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)44 b Ft(34)275 1946 |
0001803f CR |
4556 | y(3.8)92 b(Shell)30 b(Scripts)23 b Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4557 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
4558 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4559 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)53 b Ft(34)150 2188 y Fr(4)135 |
0001803f CR |
4560 | b(Shell)45 b(Builtin)g(Commands)22 b Fn(:)e(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4561 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)67 | |
495aee44 | 4562 | b Fr(37)275 2325 y Ft(4.1)92 b(Bourne)30 b(Shell)g(Builtins)e |
0001803f CR |
4563 | Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4564 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4565 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)57 b Ft(37)275 2435 y(4.2)92 |
0001803f CR |
4566 | b(Bash)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)24 b Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4567 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
4568 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)54 | |
495aee44 | 4569 | b Ft(43)275 2545 y(4.3)92 b(Mo)s(difying)30 b(Shell)g(Beha)m(vior)9 |
0001803f CR |
4570 | b Fm(:)17 b(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4571 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 4572 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Ft(53)399 2654 y(4.3.1)93 b(The)30 |
0001803f CR |
4573 | b(Set)g(Builtin)c Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4574 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4575 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)55 b | |
495aee44 | 4576 | Ft(54)399 2764 y(4.3.2)93 b(The)30 b(Shopt)f(Builtin)13 |
0001803f CR |
4577 | b Fm(:)j(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
4578 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 4579 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)43 b Ft(57)275 2873 y(4.4)92 b(Sp)s(ecial)30 |
0001803f CR |
4580 | b(Builtins)21 b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4581 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4582 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)50 | |
495aee44 | 4583 | b Ft(62)150 3116 y Fr(5)135 b(Shell)45 b(V)-11 b(ariables)19 |
0001803f CR |
4584 | b Fn(:)h(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) |
4585 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)64 | |
495aee44 | 4586 | b Fr(63)275 3253 y Ft(5.1)92 b(Bourne)30 b(Shell)g(V)-8 |
0001803f CR |
4587 | b(ariables)22 b Fm(:)16 b(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4588 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
4589 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)51 b Ft(63)275 |
4590 | 3362 y(5.2)92 b(Bash)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)16 b Fm(:)h(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
0001803f CR |
4591 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4592 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4593 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)46 b Ft(63)150 3605 y |
0001803f CR |
4594 | Fr(6)135 b(Bash)44 b(F)-11 b(eatures)13 b Fn(:)20 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4595 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
4596 | f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)58 b Fr(73)275 |
4597 | 3742 y Ft(6.1)92 b(In)m(v)m(oking)31 b(Bash)d Fm(:)16 | |
0001803f CR |
4598 | b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4599 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
4600 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)58 b | |
495aee44 | 4601 | Ft(73)275 3851 y(6.2)92 b(Bash)30 b(Startup)g(Files)20 |
0001803f CR |
4602 | b Fm(:)c(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4603 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 CR |
4604 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)49 b Ft(75)275 |
4605 | 3961 y(6.3)92 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)32 b(Shells)11 b Fm(:)16 | |
0001803f CR |
4606 | b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4607 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
4608 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 b Ft(76)399 |
4609 | 4071 y(6.3.1)93 b(What)31 b(is)f(an)h(In)m(teractiv)m(e)h(Shell?)17 | |
0001803f CR |
4610 | b Fm(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) |
4611 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)47 b | |
495aee44 | 4612 | Ft(77)399 4180 y(6.3.2)93 b(Is)30 b(this)g(Shell)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e?) |
0001803f CR |
4613 | 14 b Fm(:)k(:)e(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4614 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4615 | 44 b Ft(77)399 4290 y(6.3.3)93 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)33 |
0001803f CR |
4616 | b(Shell)d(Beha)m(vior)23 b Fm(:)17 b(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4617 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4618 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)52 b Ft(77)275 4399 y(6.4)92 b(Bash)30 |
0001803f CR |
4619 | b(Conditional)h(Expressions)22 b Fm(:)14 b(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4620 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4621 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)51 b Ft(78)275 4509 y(6.5)92 |
0001803f CR |
4622 | b(Shell)30 b(Arithmetic)c Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4623 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4624 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4625 | (:)55 b Ft(80)275 4619 y(6.6)92 b(Aliases)12 b Fm(:)k(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f |
0001803f CR |
4626 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) |
4627 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
4628 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)42 | |
495aee44 | 4629 | b Ft(81)275 4728 y(6.7)92 b(Arra)m(ys)17 b Fm(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
0001803f CR |
4630 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
4631 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
4632 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 4633 | b Ft(82)275 4838 y(6.8)92 b(The)29 b(Directory)j(Stac)m(k)e |
0001803f CR |
4634 | Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4635 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4636 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)58 b Ft(83)399 4947 y(6.8.1)93 |
0001803f CR |
4637 | b(Directory)32 b(Stac)m(k)f(Builtins)14 b Fm(:)i(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
4638 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 CR |
4639 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)44 b Ft(83)275 |
4640 | 5057 y(6.9)92 b(Con)m(trolling)31 b(the)g(Prompt)24 b | |
0001803f CR |
4641 | Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4642 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4643 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)54 b Ft(84)275 5166 y(6.10)92 b(The)30 |
0001803f CR |
4644 | b(Restricted)h(Shell)23 b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4645 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4646 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)53 | |
495aee44 | 4647 | b Ft(86)275 5276 y(6.11)92 b(Bash)31 b(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de)9 |
0001803f CR |
4648 | b Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4649 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4650 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)38 b Ft(86)p eop |
0001803f | 4651 | end |
17345e5a | 4652 | %%Page: -3 5 |
0001803f CR |
4653 | TeXDict begin -3 4 bop 3674 -116 a Ft(iii)150 83 y Fr(7)135 |
4654 | b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)24 b Fn(:)c(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
4655 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4656 | f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)69 b Fr(91)275 220 y |
0001803f CR |
4657 | Ft(7.1)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h(Basics)17 b Fm(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) |
4658 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
4659 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4660 | g(:)h(:)f(:)47 b Ft(91)275 330 y(7.2)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h |
0001803f CR |
4661 | (Builtins)25 b Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4662 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4663 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)55 b Ft(92)275 |
0001803f CR |
4664 | 439 y(7.3)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h(V)-8 b(ariables)19 |
4665 | b Fm(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) | |
4666 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4667 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)49 b Ft(94)150 682 y Fr(8)135 |
0001803f CR |
4668 | b(Command)45 b(Line)g(Editing)27 b Fn(:)20 b(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4669 | f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)72 | |
495aee44 | 4670 | b Fr(95)275 819 y Ft(8.1)92 b(In)m(tro)s(duction)30 b(to)h(Line)f |
0001803f CR |
4671 | (Editing)d Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) |
4672 | f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4673 | (:)h(:)f(:)56 b Ft(95)275 928 y(8.2)92 b(Readline)31 |
0001803f CR |
4674 | b(In)m(teraction)8 b Fm(:)17 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4675 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) | |
4676 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 4677 | b Ft(95)399 1038 y(8.2.1)93 b(Readline)31 b(Bare)g(Essen)m(tials)d |
0001803f CR |
4678 | Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4679 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)57 | |
495aee44 | 4680 | b Ft(96)399 1147 y(8.2.2)93 b(Readline)31 b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)i |
0001803f CR |
4681 | (Commands)27 b Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
4682 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)57 | |
495aee44 | 4683 | b Ft(96)399 1257 y(8.2.3)93 b(Readline)31 b(Killing)g(Commands)19 |
0001803f CR |
4684 | b Fm(:)14 b(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4685 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 4686 | b Ft(97)399 1367 y(8.2.4)93 b(Readline)31 b(Argumen)m(ts)11 |
0001803f CR |
4687 | b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4688 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4689 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)41 b Ft(97)399 1476 y(8.2.5)93 b(Searc)m(hing)31 |
0001803f CR |
4690 | b(for)f(Commands)f(in)h(the)h(History)9 b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4691 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 4692 | b Ft(97)275 1586 y(8.3)92 b(Readline)31 b(Init)f(File)23 |
0001803f CR |
4693 | b Fm(:)16 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4694 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4695 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)52 b Ft(98)399 |
0001803f CR |
4696 | 1695 y(8.3.1)93 b(Readline)31 b(Init)f(File)i(Syn)m(tax)15 |
4697 | b Fm(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4698 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 4699 | b Ft(98)399 1805 y(8.3.2)93 b(Conditional)31 b(Init)f(Constructs)25 |
0001803f CR |
4700 | b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4701 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)56 | |
495aee44 | 4702 | b Ft(104)399 1914 y(8.3.3)93 b(Sample)30 b(Init)g(File)12 |
0001803f CR |
4703 | b Fm(:)17 b(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4704 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 4705 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)42 b Ft(105)275 2024 y(8.4)92 |
0001803f CR |
4706 | b(Bindable)30 b(Readline)h(Commands)11 b Fm(:)k(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4707 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4708 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)41 b Ft(108)399 2134 y(8.4.1)93 |
0001803f CR |
4709 | b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Mo)m(ving)e Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
4710 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4711 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)58 b Ft(108)399 |
0001803f CR |
4712 | 2243 y(8.4.2)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Manipulating)g(The)f |
4713 | (History)17 b Fm(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 4714 | h(:)47 b Ft(109)399 2353 y(8.4.3)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 |
0001803f CR |
4715 | b(or)31 b(Changing)f(T)-8 b(ext)21 b Fm(:)c(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4716 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4717 | 51 b Ft(110)399 2462 y(8.4.4)93 b(Killing)31 b(And)e(Y)-8 |
0001803f CR |
4718 | b(anking)22 b Fm(:)17 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4719 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4720 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)52 b Ft(111)399 2572 y(8.4.5)93 b(Sp)s(ecifying)30 |
0001803f CR |
4721 | b(Numeric)g(Argumen)m(ts)17 b Fm(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) |
4722 | f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 4723 | b Ft(112)399 2682 y(8.4.6)93 b(Letting)31 b(Readline)g(T)m(yp)s(e)f(F) |
0001803f CR |
4724 | -8 b(or)31 b(Y)-8 b(ou)12 b Fm(:)k(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4725 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)42 | |
495aee44 | 4726 | b Ft(112)399 2791 y(8.4.7)93 b(Keyb)s(oard)29 b(Macros)21 |
0001803f CR |
4727 | b Fm(:)16 b(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4728 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 4729 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)51 b Ft(114)399 2901 y(8.4.8)93 b(Some)30 |
0001803f CR |
4730 | b(Miscellaneous)j(Commands)24 b Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4731 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)55 | |
495aee44 | 4732 | b Ft(114)275 3010 y(8.5)92 b(Readline)31 b(vi)f(Mo)s(de)20 |
0001803f CR |
4733 | b Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g |
4734 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4735 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)50 b Ft(117)275 |
0001803f CR |
4736 | 3120 y(8.6)92 b(Programmable)30 b(Completion)16 b Fm(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) |
4737 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
4738 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 4739 | b Ft(117)275 3230 y(8.7)92 b(Programmable)30 b(Completion)h(Builtins)c |
0001803f | 4740 | Fm(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 | 4741 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)56 b Ft(119)150 |
0001803f CR |
4742 | 3472 y Fr(9)135 b(Using)45 b(History)h(In)l(teractiv)l(ely)39 |
4743 | b Fn(:)19 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4744 | (:)80 b Fr(125)275 3609 y Ft(9.1)92 b(Bash)30 b(History)h(F)-8 |
0001803f CR |
4745 | b(acilities)21 b Fm(:)d(:)e(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4746 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4747 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)51 b Ft(125)275 3719 |
0001803f CR |
4748 | y(9.2)92 b(Bash)30 b(History)h(Builtins)19 b Fm(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4749 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
4750 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 4751 | b Ft(125)275 3828 y(9.3)92 b(History)31 b(Expansion)21 |
0001803f CR |
4752 | b Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4753 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4754 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)52 b Ft(127)399 3938 |
0001803f CR |
4755 | y(9.3.1)93 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)31 b(Designators)10 b Fm(:)18 |
4756 | b(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
4757 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 4758 | h(:)f(:)h(:)40 b Ft(127)399 4047 y(9.3.2)93 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 |
0001803f CR |
4759 | b(Designators)17 b Fm(:)g(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4760 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4761 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)47 b Ft(128)399 4157 |
0001803f CR |
4762 | y(9.3.3)93 b(Mo)s(di\014ers)26 b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4763 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
4764 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4765 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)57 b Ft(129)150 4399 y Fr(10)135 b(Installing)46 |
0001803f CR |
4766 | b(Bash)24 b Fn(:)c(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4767 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)68 | |
495aee44 | 4768 | b Fr(131)275 4536 y Ft(10.1)92 b(Basic)32 b(Installation)20 |
0001803f CR |
4769 | b Fm(:)d(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) |
4770 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 4771 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)50 b Ft(131)275 4646 |
0001803f CR |
4772 | y(10.2)92 b(Compilers)30 b(and)g(Options)8 b Fm(:)15 |
4773 | b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
4774 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4775 | f(:)h(:)38 b Ft(132)275 4755 y(10.3)92 b(Compiling)30 |
0001803f CR |
4776 | b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(Multiple)f(Arc)m(hitectures)21 b Fm(:)c(:)e(:)h(:)f(:) |
4777 | h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 4778 | (:)52 b Ft(132)275 4865 y(10.4)92 b(Installation)32 b(Names)13 |
0001803f CR |
4779 | b Fm(:)j(:)g(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
4780 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4781 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)43 b Ft(132)275 4975 y(10.5)92 |
0001803f CR |
4782 | b(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(the)g(System)h(T)m(yp)s(e)12 b Fm(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f |
4783 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4784 | g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)42 b Ft(132)275 |
0001803f CR |
4785 | 5084 y(10.6)92 b(Sharing)30 b(Defaults)15 b Fm(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h |
4786 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
4787 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
495aee44 | 4788 | (:)f(:)g(:)46 b Ft(133)275 5194 y(10.7)92 b(Op)s(eration)30 |
0001803f CR |
4789 | b(Con)m(trols)24 b Fm(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:) |
4790 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4791 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)54 b Ft(133)275 |
0001803f CR |
4792 | 5303 y(10.8)92 b(Optional)31 b(F)-8 b(eatures)10 b Fm(:)17 |
4793 | b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h | |
4794 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4795 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)40 b Ft(133)p eop end |
17345e5a JA |
4796 | %%Page: -4 6 |
4797 | TeXDict begin -4 5 bop 150 -116 a Ft(iv)2589 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
4798 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 83 y Fr(App)t(endix)44 b(A)160 |
4799 | b(Rep)t(orting)46 b(Bugs)35 b Fn(:)20 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4800 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)80 b Fr(139)150 353 y(App)t(endix)44 |
0001803f CR |
4801 | b(B)166 b(Ma)7 b(jor)45 b(Di\013erences)i(F)-11 b(rom)44 |
4802 | b(The)419 486 y(Bourne)g(Shell)35 b Fn(:)19 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
4803 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4804 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)78 b Fr(141)275 623 y Ft(B.1)92 |
0001803f CR |
4805 | b(Implemen)m(tation)31 b(Di\013erences)h(F)-8 b(rom)31 |
4806 | b(The)e(SVR4.2)j(Shell)13 b Fm(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)43 | |
495aee44 | 4807 | b Ft(145)150 865 y Fr(App)t(endix)h(C)165 b(GNU)45 b(F)-11 |
0001803f CR |
4808 | b(ree)45 b(Do)t(cumen)l(tation)h(License)439 998 y Fn(:)19 |
4809 | b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
4810 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4811 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)64 b Fr(147)150 |
0001803f CR |
4812 | 1268 y(App)t(endix)44 b(D)159 b(Indexes)15 b Fn(:)20 |
4813 | b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 4814 | (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)59 b Fr(155)275 1405 |
0001803f CR |
4815 | y Ft(D.1)92 b(Index)29 b(of)i(Shell)f(Builtin)h(Commands)16 |
4816 | b Fm(:)e(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 4817 | h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)46 b Ft(155)275 |
0001803f CR |
4818 | 1514 y(D.2)92 b(Index)29 b(of)i(Shell)f(Reserv)m(ed)h(W)-8 |
4819 | b(ords)12 b Fm(:)j(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h | |
4820 | (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)42 | |
495aee44 | 4821 | b Ft(156)275 1624 y(D.3)92 b(P)m(arameter)31 b(and)f(V)-8 |
0001803f CR |
4822 | b(ariable)32 b(Index)20 b Fm(:)14 b(:)i(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4823 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4824 | f(:)h(:)f(:)50 b Ft(156)275 1733 y(D.4)92 b(F)-8 b(unction)31 |
0001803f CR |
4825 | b(Index)16 b Fm(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f |
4826 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
4827 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 4828 | b Ft(158)275 1843 y(D.5)92 b(Concept)30 b(Index)d Fm(:)15 |
0001803f CR |
4829 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h |
4830 | (:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 4831 | f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)57 b Ft(160)p |
0001803f | 4832 | eop end |
17345e5a JA |
4833 | %%Page: 1 7 |
4834 | TeXDict begin 1 6 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(1:)41 | |
4835 | b(In)m(tro)s(duction)2592 b(1)150 299 y Fo(1)80 b(In)l(tro)t(duction) | |
0001803f CR |
4836 | 150 602 y Fr(1.1)68 b(What)45 b(is)g(Bash?)150 762 y |
4837 | Ft(Bash)38 b(is)g(the)g(shell,)i(or)d(command)h(language)h(in)m | |
4838 | (terpreter,)h(for)e(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(op)s(erating)h(system.)63 | |
4839 | b(The)150 871 y(name)33 b(is)g(an)g(acron)m(ym)g(for)g(the)g(`)p | |
17345e5a | 4840 | Fs(Bourne-Again)27 b(SHell)p Ft(',)32 b(a)i(pun)d(on)i(Stephen)f |
0001803f | 4841 | (Bourne,)h(the)g(author)150 981 y(of)f(the)f(direct)h(ancestor)h(of)e |
17345e5a | 4842 | (the)h(curren)m(t)f(Unix)g(shell)h Fs(sh)p Ft(,)f(whic)m(h)g(app)s |
0001803f | 4843 | (eared)g(in)g(the)h(Sev)m(en)m(th)g(Edition)150 1091 |
17345e5a | 4844 | y(Bell)g(Labs)e(Researc)m(h)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)f(Unix.)275 |
0001803f | 4845 | 1220 y(Bash)f(is)g(largely)i(compatible)f(with)f Fs(sh)g |
17345e5a | 4846 | Ft(and)g(incorp)s(orates)g(useful)g(features)g(from)g(the)g(Korn)g |
0001803f | 4847 | (shell)150 1330 y Fs(ksh)37 b Ft(and)h(the)g(C)g(shell)g |
17345e5a JA |
4848 | Fs(csh)p Ft(.)64 b(It)38 b(is)g(in)m(tended)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(a)g |
4849 | (conforman)m(t)h(implemen)m(tation)h(of)e(the)g Fl(ieee)150 | |
0001803f | 4850 | 1439 y(posix)c Ft(Shell)g(and)g(T)-8 b(o)s(ols)35 b(p)s(ortion)f(of)g |
17345e5a | 4851 | (the)h Fl(ieee)f(posix)f Ft(sp)s(eci\014cation)j(\()p |
0001803f | 4852 | Fl(ieee)e Ft(Standard)f(1003.1\).)56 b(It)150 1549 y(o\013ers)31 |
17345e5a JA |
4853 | b(functional)f(impro)m(v)m(emen)m(ts)i(o)m(v)m(er)g Fs(sh)d |
4854 | Ft(for)i(b)s(oth)e(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(and)d(programming)g(use.)275 | |
0001803f | 4855 | 1679 y(While)h(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(op)s(erating)h(system)g(pro)m(vides)f |
17345e5a | 4856 | (other)h(shells,)g(including)f(a)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)g |
0001803f | 4857 | Fs(csh)p Ft(,)f(Bash)150 1788 y(is)j(the)h(default)f(shell.)49 |
17345e5a JA |
4858 | b(Lik)m(e)34 b(other)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(soft)m(w)m(are,)i(Bash)f(is)f(quite) |
4859 | h(p)s(ortable.)49 b(It)33 b(curren)m(tly)g(runs)f(on)150 | |
0001803f | 4860 | 1898 y(nearly)c(ev)m(ery)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)f(Unix)h(and)e(a)i(few)f |
17345e5a | 4861 | (other)h(op)s(erating)g(systems)f Fp(\000)g Ft(indep)s(enden)m |
0001803f | 4862 | (tly-supp)s(orted)150 2008 y(p)s(orts)j(exist)h(for)f |
17345e5a | 4863 | Fl(ms-dos)p Ft(,)f Fl(os/2)p Ft(,)i(and)f(Windo)m(ws)g(platforms.)150 |
0001803f CR |
4864 | 2231 y Fr(1.2)68 b(What)45 b(is)g(a)h(shell?)150 2390 |
4865 | y Ft(A)m(t)32 b(its)f(base,)h(a)f(shell)g(is)h(simply)e(a)h(macro)h | |
4866 | (pro)s(cessor)f(that)g(executes)i(commands.)42 b(The)30 | |
4867 | b(term)h(macro)150 2500 y(pro)s(cessor)25 b(means)g(functionalit)m(y)i | |
4868 | (where)d(text)j(and)d(sym)m(b)s(ols)h(are)h(expanded)e(to)i(create)h | |
4869 | (larger)f(expres-)150 2609 y(sions.)275 2739 y(A)34 b(Unix)h(shell)g | |
4870 | (is)f(b)s(oth)g(a)h(command)g(in)m(terpreter)g(and)f(a)h(programming)f | |
4871 | (language.)55 b(As)35 b(a)g(com-)150 2848 y(mand)30 b(in)m(terpreter,)i | |
17345e5a JA |
4872 | (the)g(shell)f(pro)m(vides)g(the)h(user)e(in)m(terface)j(to)f(the)f |
4873 | (ric)m(h)h(set)g(of)f Fl(gnu)g Ft(utilities.)44 b(The)150 | |
0001803f | 4874 | 2958 y(programming)30 b(language)h(features)f(allo)m(w)h(these)g |
17345e5a | 4875 | (utilities)g(to)g(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined.)41 b(Files)31 |
0001803f | 4876 | b(con)m(taining)g(com-)150 3068 y(mands)e(can)i(b)s(e)e(created,)j(and) |
17345e5a | 4877 | d(b)s(ecome)i(commands)f(themselv)m(es.)42 b(These)30 |
0001803f | 4878 | b(new)f(commands)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)150 3177 y(same)f(status)h(as)f |
17345e5a JA |
4879 | (system)g(commands)g(in)g(directories)h(suc)m(h)f(as)g(`)p |
4880 | Fs(/bin)p Ft(',)g(allo)m(wing)i(users)d(or)h(groups)f(to)150 | |
0001803f CR |
4881 | 3287 y(establish)h(custom)f(en)m(vironmen)m(ts)h(to)g(automate)h(their) |
4882 | f(common)f(tasks.)275 3417 y(Shells)j(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)g(in)m | |
17345e5a JA |
4883 | (teractiv)m(ely)k(or)d(non-in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)54 |
4884 | b(In)33 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(mo)s(de,)f(they)e(accept)150 | |
0001803f | 4885 | 3526 y(input)21 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(from)g(the)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard.)37 |
17345e5a | 4886 | b(When)22 b(executing)i(non-in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)27 |
0001803f CR |
4887 | b(shells)c(execute)g(commands)150 3636 y(read)30 b(from)g(a)h(\014le.) |
4888 | 275 3765 y(A)41 b(shell)g(allo)m(ws)h(execution)h(of)e | |
17345e5a | 4889 | Fl(gnu)g Ft(commands,)i(b)s(oth)e(sync)m(hronously)f(and)h(async)m |
0001803f | 4890 | (hronously)-8 b(.)150 3875 y(The)29 b(shell)g(w)m(aits)i(for)e(sync)m |
17345e5a | 4891 | (hronous)f(commands)h(to)h(complete)h(b)s(efore)e(accepting)i(more)e |
0001803f | 4892 | (input;)g(asyn-)150 3985 y(c)m(hronous)22 b(commands)h(con)m(tin)m(ue)h |
17345e5a | 4893 | (to)f(execute)h(in)e(parallel)i(with)f(the)f(shell)h(while)g(it)g |
0001803f | 4894 | (reads)g(and)f(executes)150 4094 y(additional)35 b(commands.)50 |
17345e5a | 4895 | b(The)33 b Fq(redirection)h Ft(constructs)g(p)s(ermit)f(\014ne-grained) |
0001803f | 4896 | g(con)m(trol)i(of)f(the)g(input)150 4204 y(and)40 b(output)f(of)i |
17345e5a JA |
4897 | (those)f(commands.)70 b(Moreo)m(v)m(er,)45 b(the)c(shell)f(allo)m(ws)h |
4898 | (con)m(trol)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(the)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)150 | |
0001803f | 4899 | 4313 y(commands')30 b(en)m(vironmen)m(ts.)275 4443 y(Shells)k(also)i |
17345e5a JA |
4900 | (pro)m(vide)g(a)f(small)h(set)f(of)g(built-in)g(commands)g(\()p |
4901 | Fq(builtins)t Ft(\))g(implemen)m(ting)h(function-)150 | |
0001803f | 4902 | 4553 y(alit)m(y)i(imp)s(ossible)e(or)g(incon)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(to)e |
17345e5a | 4903 | (obtain)g(via)g(separate)g(utilities.)61 b(F)-8 b(or)37 |
0001803f | 4904 | b(example,)i Fs(cd)p Ft(,)e Fs(break)p Ft(,)150 4662 |
17345e5a JA |
4905 | y Fs(continue)p Ft(,)43 b(and)f Fs(exec)p Ft(\))g(cannot)h(b)s(e)e |
4906 | (implemen)m(ted)i(outside)g(of)f(the)h(shell)f(b)s(ecause)h(they)f | |
0001803f | 4907 | (directly)150 4772 y(manipulate)37 b(the)g(shell)f(itself.)61 |
17345e5a JA |
4908 | b(The)36 b Fs(history)p Ft(,)g Fs(getopts)p Ft(,)g Fs(kill)p |
4909 | Ft(,)h(or)g Fs(pwd)f Ft(builtins,)h(among)h(others,)150 | |
0001803f | 4910 | 4881 y(could)33 b(b)s(e)f(implemen)m(ted)h(in)g(separate)g(utilities,)i |
17345e5a | 4911 | (but)d(they)h(are)h(more)f(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(to)g(use)e(as)h |
0001803f CR |
4912 | (builtin)150 4991 y(commands.)40 b(All)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h |
4913 | (builtins)f(are)h(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(subsequen)m(t)g(sections.)275 | |
4914 | 5121 y(While)39 b(executing)h(commands)e(is)g(essen)m(tial,)43 | |
4915 | b(most)c(of)g(the)g(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)f(\(and)g(complexit)m(y\))j(of)e | |
4916 | (shells)150 5230 y(is)34 b(due)f(to)i(their)f(em)m(b)s(edded)f | |
4917 | (programming)h(languages.)52 b(Lik)m(e)35 b(an)m(y)f(high-lev)m(el)i | |
4918 | (language,)h(the)d(shell)150 5340 y(pro)m(vides)c(v)-5 | |
4919 | b(ariables,)32 b(\015o)m(w)e(con)m(trol)i(constructs,)f(quoting,)g(and) | |
4920 | f(functions.)p eop end | |
17345e5a JA |
4921 | %%Page: 2 8 |
4922 | TeXDict begin 2 7 bop 150 -116 a Ft(2)2617 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
4923 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(Shells)21 b(o\013er)i(features)f |
4924 | (geared)h(sp)s(eci\014cally)g(for)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(use)d(rather)g | |
4925 | (than)g(to)h(augmen)m(t)g(the)f(pro-)150 408 y(gramming)32 | |
4926 | b(language.)48 b(These)32 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(features)d(include)g | |
4927 | (job)g(con)m(trol,)j(command)c(line)i(editing,)150 518 | |
4928 | y(command)d(history)g(and)g(aliases.)42 b(Eac)m(h)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
4929 | b(of)g(these)g(features)f(is)h(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(this)g(man)m(ual.)p |
4930 | eop end | |
4931 | %%Page: 3 9 | |
4932 | TeXDict begin 3 8 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 | |
0001803f CR |
4933 | b(De\014nitions)2662 b(3)150 299 y Fo(2)80 b(De\014nitions)150 |
4934 | 552 y Ft(These)30 b(de\014nitions)g(are)h(used)e(throughout)h(the)h | |
4935 | (remainder)f(of)g(this)h(man)m(ual.)150 720 y Fs(POSIX)240 | |
17345e5a JA |
4936 | b Ft(A)27 b(family)g(of)g(op)s(en)f(system)g(standards)g(based)g(on)h |
4937 | (Unix.)39 b(Bash)27 b(is)g(primarily)f(concerned)630 | |
4938 | 830 y(with)k(the)h(Shell)f(and)g(Utilities)i(p)s(ortion)e(of)h(the)f | |
4939 | Fl(posix)g Ft(1003.1)j(standard.)150 995 y Fs(blank)240 | |
4940 | b Ft(A)30 b(space)h(or)g(tab)f(c)m(haracter.)150 1161 | |
4941 | y Fs(builtin)144 b Ft(A)35 b(command)g(that)g(is)g(implemen)m(ted)g(in) | |
4942 | m(ternally)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)g(itself,)i(rather)d(than)h(b)m(y)630 | |
4943 | 1271 y(an)30 b(executable)i(program)e(somewhere)h(in)f(the)g(\014le)h | |
4944 | (system.)150 1436 y Fs(control)d(operator)630 1546 y | |
4945 | Ft(A)20 b Fs(token)f Ft(that)i(p)s(erforms)e(a)i(con)m(trol)g | |
4946 | (function.)37 b(It)21 b(is)f(a)h Fs(newline)d Ft(or)j(one)f(of)h(the)f | |
4947 | (follo)m(wing:)630 1655 y(`)p Fs(||)p Ft(',)31 b(`)p | |
4948 | Fs(&&)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(',)g(`)p | |
4949 | Fs(;;)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(|&)p Ft(',)f(`)p | |
4950 | Fs(\()p Ft(',)h(or)g(`)p Fs(\))p Ft('.)150 1821 y Fs(exit)e(status)630 | |
4951 | 1931 y Ft(The)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(returned)e(b)m(y)h(a)h(command)f(to)h | |
4952 | (its)g(caller.)41 b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)f(restricted)h(to)h | |
4953 | (eigh)m(t)630 2040 y(bits,)h(so)f(the)h(maxim)m(um)f(v)-5 | |
4954 | b(alue)31 b(is)f(255.)150 2206 y Fs(field)240 b Ft(A)27 | |
4955 | b(unit)g(of)g(text)h(that)g(is)f(the)g(result)g(of)g(one)h(of)f(the)g | |
4956 | (shell)g(expansions.)40 b(After)27 b(expansion,)630 2315 | |
4957 | y(when)e(executing)h(a)g(command,)h(the)f(resulting)f(\014elds)g(are)h | |
4958 | (used)f(as)h(the)g(command)f(name)630 2425 y(and)30 b(argumen)m(ts.)150 | |
4959 | 2591 y Fs(filename)96 b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(of)f(c)m(haracters)i(used)e | |
4960 | (to)h(iden)m(tify)g(a)f(\014le.)150 2756 y Fs(job)336 | |
4961 | b Ft(A)31 b(set)h(of)f(pro)s(cesses)g(comprising)g(a)g(pip)s(eline,)g | |
4962 | (and)g(an)m(y)g(pro)s(cesses)g(descended)g(from)f(it,)630 | |
4963 | 2866 y(that)h(are)g(all)g(in)f(the)h(same)f(pro)s(cess)g(group.)150 | |
4964 | 3031 y Fs(job)f(control)630 3141 y Ft(A)22 b(mec)m(hanism)g(b)m(y)f | |
4965 | (whic)m(h)h(users)f(can)h(selectiv)m(ely)i(stop)e(\(susp)s(end\))e(and) | |
4966 | h(restart)i(\(resume\))630 3251 y(execution)32 b(of)e(pro)s(cesses.)150 | |
4967 | 3416 y Fs(metacharacter)630 3526 y Ft(A)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(that,)g | |
4968 | (when)d(unquoted,)i(separates)g(w)m(ords.)38 b(A)26 b(metac)m(haracter) | |
4969 | i(is)d(a)g Fs(blank)630 3635 y Ft(or)30 b(one)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m | |
4970 | (wing)i(c)m(haracters:)42 b(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(',)31 b(`)p | |
4971 | Fs(&)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(\()p Ft(',)f(`)p | |
4972 | Fs(\))p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(',)g(or)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft('.)150 | |
4973 | 3801 y Fs(name)288 b Ft(A)37 b Fs(word)f Ft(consisting)i(solely)h(of)e | |
4974 | (letters,)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)e(and)f(underscores,)h(and)f(b)s | |
4975 | (eginning)630 3910 y(with)23 b(a)g(letter)h(or)f(underscore.)38 | |
4976 | b Fs(Name)p Ft(s)22 b(are)h(used)f(as)i(shell)f(v)-5 | |
4977 | b(ariable)24 b(and)e(function)h(names.)630 4020 y(Also)31 | |
4978 | b(referred)f(to)h(as)f(an)h Fs(identifier)p Ft(.)150 | |
4979 | 4186 y Fs(operator)96 b Ft(A)38 b Fs(control)28 b(operator)36 | |
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495aee44 | 4981 | b(See)38 b(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirec-)630 4295 y(tions],)f(page)f(27,)i |
17345e5a JA |
4982 | (for)d(a)g(list)h(of)f(redirection)h(op)s(erators.)58 |
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4994 | Fs(for)g Ft(and)g Fs(while)p Ft(.)p eop end | |
4995 | %%Page: 4 10 | |
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5011 | Fs(metacharacters)p Ft(.)p eop end | |
5012 | %%Page: 5 11 | |
5013 | TeXDict begin 5 10 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
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0001803f CR |
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5037 | 2112 y(Otherwise,)h(roughly)f(sp)s(eaking,)i(the)f(shell)g(reads)g(its) | |
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17345e5a | 5040 | (to)h(select)i(whic)m(h)d(meanings)h(to)h(assign)f(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
5041 | b(arious)23 b(w)m(ords)150 2331 y(and)30 b(c)m(haracters.)275 |
5042 | 2489 y(The)38 b(shell)h(then)f(parses)g(these)h(tok)m(ens)h(in)m(to)f | |
17345e5a | 5043 | (commands)g(and)f(other)h(constructs,)i(remo)m(v)m(es)f(the)150 |
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17345e5a | 5049 | b(for)d(further)f(insp)s(ection)h(or)h(pro)s(cessing.)150 |
0001803f CR |
5050 | 3040 y Fj(3.1.1)63 b(Shell)41 b(Op)s(eration)150 3187 |
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5052 | (shell's)h(op)s(eration)f(when)f(it)i(reads)f(and)f(executes)j(a)150 | |
5053 | 3297 y(command.)h(Basically)-8 b(,)34 b(the)c(shell)h(do)s(es)f(the)h | |
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495aee44 | 5055 | (\014le)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)f(Scripts],)j(page)e(34\),)k |
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17345e5a | 5057 | (to)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(option)f(\(see)g |
495aee44 | 5058 | (Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3673 y(page)j(73\),)h(or) |
0001803f | 5059 | e(from)g(the)h(user's)f(terminal.)199 3820 y(2.)61 b(Breaks)43 |
17345e5a | 5060 | b(the)g(input)f(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)f(and)g(op)s(erators,)k(ob)s(eying)d |
0001803f | 5061 | (the)g(quoting)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)330 3929 y(Section)27 |
17345e5a JA |
5062 | b(3.1.2)i([Quoting],)f(page)f(6.)40 b(These)26 b(tok)m(ens)i(are)f |
5063 | (separated)g(b)m(y)f Fs(metacharacters)p Ft(.)36 b(Alias)330 | |
0001803f | 5064 | 4039 y(expansion)30 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)d(b)m(y)j(this)f(step)g(\(see)i |
495aee44 | 5065 | (Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(81\).)199 4185 y(3.)61 |
17345e5a JA |
5066 | b(P)m(arses)35 b(the)g(tok)m(ens)g(in)m(to)h(simple)e(and)g(comp)s |
5067 | (ound)f(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2)f([Shell)g(Com-)330 | |
495aee44 | 5068 | 4294 y(mands],)30 b(page)h(8\).)199 4441 y(4.)61 b(P)m(erforms)40 |
17345e5a | 5069 | b(the)h(v)-5 b(arious)40 b(shell)h(expansions)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5)g |
495aee44 | 5070 | ([Shell)g(Expansions],)h(page)f(19\),)330 4550 y(breaking)35 |
17345e5a | 5071 | b(the)g(expanded)g(tok)m(ens)h(in)m(to)g(lists)f(of)g(\014lenames)h |
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495aee44 | 5073 | b(page)h(25\))h(and)e(commands)g(and)g(argumen)m(ts.)199 |
0001803f | 5074 | 4806 y(5.)61 b(P)m(erforms)36 b(an)m(y)i(necessary)f(redirections)g |
495aee44 | 5075 | (\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)i(page)e(27\))g(and)e(re-)330 |
0001803f CR |
5076 | 4915 y(mo)m(v)m(es)c(the)e(redirection)h(op)s(erators)g(and)f(their)g |
5077 | (op)s(erands)f(from)h(the)h(argumen)m(t)f(list.)199 5062 | |
17345e5a | 5078 | y(6.)61 b(Executes)31 b(the)g(command)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7)h |
495aee44 | 5079 | ([Executing)f(Commands],)f(page)h(30\).)199 5208 y(7.)61 |
17345e5a JA |
5080 | b(Optionally)40 b(w)m(aits)g(for)f(the)g(command)g(to)h(complete)g(and) |
5081 | f(collects)i(its)f(exit)g(status)f(\(see)h(Sec-)330 5317 | |
495aee44 | 5082 | y(tion)31 b(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)g(page)g(33\).)p |
17345e5a JA |
5083 | eop end |
5084 | %%Page: 6 12 | |
5085 | TeXDict begin 6 11 bop 150 -116 a Ft(6)2617 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
5086 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(3.1.2)63 b(Quoting)150 |
5087 | 446 y Ft(Quoting)32 b(is)h(used)e(to)i(remo)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(sp)s(ecial) | |
5088 | h(meaning)f(of)h(certain)g(c)m(haracters)g(or)f(w)m(ords)g(to)h(the)f | |
5089 | (shell.)150 555 y(Quoting)c(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)j(disable)e(sp)s | |
17345e5a | 5090 | (ecial)h(treatmen)m(t)h(for)e(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracters,)i(to)e(prev)m |
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17345e5a | 5092 | (recognized)h(as)g(suc)m(h,)f(and)g(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)g(parameter)g |
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17345e5a | 5094 | (haracters)i(\(see)f(Chapter)e(2)i([De\014nitions],)h(page)f(3\))g(has) |
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17345e5a | 5096 | (b)s(e)g(quoted)g(if)h(it)g(is)f(to)h(represen)m(t)g(itself.)68 |
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17345e5a | 5098 | (are)e(b)s(eing)f(used)g(\(see)h(Section)h(9.3)f([History)h(In)m |
495aee44 | 5099 | (teraction],)j(page)c(127\),)47 b(the)150 1122 y Fq(history)30 |
17345e5a JA |
5100 | b(expansion)h Ft(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Fs(!)p |
5101 | Ft(',)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(quoted)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(history)g | |
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495aee44 | 5103 | -8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(125,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h |
0001803f CR |
5104 | (concerning)g(history)f(expansion.)275 1359 y(There)36 |
5105 | b(are)i(three)f(quoting)g(mec)m(hanisms:)55 b(the)37 | |
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5107 | (double)150 1469 y(quotes.)150 1655 y Fj(3.1.2.1)63 b(Escap)s(e)41 | |
5108 | b(Character)150 1802 y Ft(A)36 b(non-quoted)f(bac)m(kslash)h(`)p | |
5109 | Fs(\\)p Ft(')g(is)f(the)h(Bash)g(escap)s(e)f(c)m(haracter.)58 | |
5110 | b(It)36 b(preserv)m(es)f(the)h(literal)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 | |
5111 | b(of)150 1911 y(the)27 b(next)g(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(follo)m(ws,)i | |
5112 | (with)d(the)h(exception)g(of)g Fs(newline)p Ft(.)38 b(If)26 | |
5113 | b(a)h Fs(\\newline)d Ft(pair)i(app)s(ears,)150 2021 y(and)k(the)h(bac)m | |
17345e5a JA |
5114 | (kslash)g(itself)g(is)g(not)g(quoted,)g(the)f Fs(\\newline)f |
5115 | Ft(is)h(treated)i(as)f(a)g(line)g(con)m(tin)m(uation)h(\(that)150 | |
0001803f CR |
5116 | 2131 y(is,)f(it)g(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h(input)e(stream)i |
5117 | (and)f(e\013ectiv)m(ely)j(ignored\).)150 2317 y Fj(3.1.2.2)63 | |
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5119 | (single)h(quotes)g(\(`)p Fs(')p Ft('\))g(preserv)m(es)g(the)f(literal)i | |
5120 | (v)-5 b(alue)24 b(of)g(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)h(within)150 | |
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5123 | (preceded)i(b)m(y)g(a)150 2683 y(bac)m(kslash.)150 2869 | |
5124 | y Fj(3.1.2.3)63 b(Double)42 b(Quotes)150 3016 y Ft(Enclosing)24 | |
5125 | b(c)m(haracters)h(in)f(double)f(quotes)h(\(`)p Fs(")p | |
5126 | Ft('\))g(preserv)m(es)g(the)g(literal)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 | |
5127 | b(of)g(all)g(c)m(haracters)h(within)150 3125 y(the)34 | |
5128 | b(quotes,)h(with)f(the)g(exception)h(of)f(`)p Fs($)p | |
5129 | Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(',)g(and,)f(when)f(history)g | |
5130 | (expansion)h(is)g(enabled,)h(`)p Fs(!)p Ft('.)150 3235 | |
5131 | y(The)25 b(c)m(haracters)h(`)p Fs($)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p | |
5132 | Fs(`)p Ft(')g(retain)h(their)f(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)f(within)g(double)g | |
5133 | (quotes)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.5)150 3345 y([Shell)j(Expansions],)g | |
495aee44 | 5134 | (page)h(19\).)41 b(The)28 b(bac)m(kslash)i(retains)f(its)h(sp)s(ecial)f |
0001803f CR |
5135 | (meaning)g(only)g(when)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)150 3454 y(b)m(y)41 |
5136 | b(one)f(of)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(c)m(haracters:)63 b(`)p | |
5137 | Fs($)p Ft(',)43 b(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(")p Ft(',)g(`)p | |
5138 | Fs(\\)p Ft(',)f(or)e Fs(newline)p Ft(.)69 b(Within)41 | |
5139 | b(double)f(quotes,)150 3564 y(bac)m(kslashes)25 b(that)h(are)f(follo)m | |
5140 | (w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(one)h(of)g(these)g(c)m(haracters)h(are)f(remo)m(v)m | |
5141 | (ed.)40 b(Bac)m(kslashes)26 b(preceding)150 3673 y(c)m(haracters)35 | |
5142 | b(without)e(a)h(sp)s(ecial)f(meaning)h(are)f(left)h(unmo)s(di\014ed.)47 | |
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5144 | 3783 y(within)h(double)h(quotes)g(b)m(y)g(preceding)g(it)g(with)g(a)g | |
5145 | (bac)m(kslash.)55 b(If)35 b(enabled,)h(history)f(expansion)g(will)150 | |
5146 | 3892 y(b)s(e)f(p)s(erformed)g(unless)g(an)h(`)p Fs(!)p | |
5147 | Ft(')g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(double)f(quotes)i(is)f(escap)s(ed)g(using)f | |
5148 | (a)h(bac)m(kslash.)55 b(The)150 4002 y(bac)m(kslash)31 | |
5149 | b(preceding)f(the)h(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(is)h(not)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275 | |
5150 | 4130 y(The)41 b(sp)s(ecial)h(parameters)f(`)p Fs(*)p | |
5151 | Ft(')h(and)f(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning)g | |
5152 | (when)f(in)g(double)g(quotes)h(\(see)150 4240 y(Section)31 | |
495aee44 | 5153 | b(3.5.3)h([Shell)f(P)m(arameter)h(Expansion],)e(page)h(21\).)150 |
0001803f CR |
5154 | 4426 y Fj(3.1.2.4)63 b(ANSI-C)40 b(Quoting)150 4573 y |
5155 | Ft(W)-8 b(ords)41 b(of)h(the)f(form)g Fs($')p Fi(string)11 | |
5156 | b Fs(')38 b Ft(are)k(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)75 | |
5157 | b(The)41 b(w)m(ord)g(expands)f(to)i Fq(string)8 b Ft(,)44 | |
5158 | b(with)150 4682 y(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(ed)g(c)m(haracters)h(replaced)f | |
5159 | (as)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(ANSI)g(C)g(standard.)79 | |
5160 | b(Bac)m(kslash)150 4792 y(escap)s(e)31 b(sequences,)g(if)f(presen)m(t,) | |
5161 | h(are)g(deco)s(ded)f(as)g(follo)m(ws:)150 4938 y Fs(\\a)384 | |
5162 | b Ft(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))150 5084 y Fs(\\b)384 b Ft(bac)m(kspace)150 | |
5163 | 5230 y Fs(\\e)150 5340 y(\\E)g Ft(an)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter)h | |
5164 | (\(not)f(ANSI)f(C\))p eop end | |
17345e5a JA |
5165 | %%Page: 7 13 |
5166 | TeXDict begin 7 12 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5167 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2292 b(7)150 299 | |
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5168 | y Fs(\\f)384 b Ft(form)30 b(feed)150 488 y Fs(\\n)384 |
5169 | b Ft(newline)150 678 y Fs(\\r)g Ft(carriage)32 b(return)150 | |
5170 | 868 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32 b(tab)150 1057 | |
5171 | y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32 b(tab)150 1247 y Fs(\\\\)384 | |
5172 | b Ft(bac)m(kslash)150 1436 y Fs(\\')g Ft(single)31 b(quote)150 | |
5173 | 1626 y Fs(\\")384 b Ft(double)30 b(quote)150 1816 y Fs(\\)p | |
0001803f | 5174 | Fi(nnn)288 b Ft(the)31 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 5175 | b(alue)31 b(is)f(the)h(o)s(ctal)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fq(nnn)e |
495aee44 | 5176 | Ft(\(one)i(to)g(three)g(digits\))150 2005 y Fs(\\x)p |
0001803f | 5177 | Fi(HH)288 b Ft(the)36 b(eigh)m(t-bit)i(c)m(haracter)f(whose)f(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 5178 | b(alue)36 b(is)g(the)g(hexadecimal)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b |
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5179 | Fq(HH)46 b Ft(\(one)37 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)630 2115 y(hex)30 |
5180 | b(digits\))150 2304 y Fs(\\u)p Fi(HHHH)192 b Ft(the)33 | |
5181 | b(Unico)s(de)f(\(ISO/IEC)g(10646\))j(c)m(haracter)f(whose)e(v)-5 | |
5182 | b(alue)33 b(is)g(the)g(hexadecimal)g(v)-5 b(alue)630 | |
5183 | 2414 y Fq(HHHH)41 b Ft(\(one)31 b(to)g(four)f(hex)g(digits\))150 | |
5184 | 2604 y Fs(\\U)p Fi(HHHHHHHH)630 2713 y Ft(the)j(Unico)s(de)f(\(ISO/IEC) | |
5185 | g(10646\))j(c)m(haracter)f(whose)e(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(is)g(the)g | |
5186 | (hexadecimal)g(v)-5 b(alue)630 2823 y Fq(HHHHHHHH)42 | |
5187 | b Ft(\(one)31 b(to)g(eigh)m(t)g(hex)g(digits\))150 3012 | |
5188 | y Fs(\\c)p Fi(x)336 b Ft(a)31 b(con)m(trol-)p Fq(x)38 | |
5189 | b Ft(c)m(haracter)150 3217 y(The)30 b(expanded)f(result)i(is)f | |
17345e5a | 5190 | (single-quoted,)i(as)f(if)f(the)g(dollar)h(sign)g(had)e(not)i(b)s(een)f |
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5191 | (presen)m(t.)150 3446 y Fj(3.1.2.5)63 b(Lo)s(cale-Sp)s(eci\014c)41 |
5192 | b(T)-10 b(ranslation)150 3593 y Ft(A)28 b(double-quoted)g(string)f | |
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5193 | (preceded)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(dollar)h(sign)e(\(`)p Fs($)p |
5194 | Ft('\))i(will)f(cause)g(the)g(string)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(translated)150 | |
495aee44 | 5195 | 3703 y(according)f(to)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale.)41 |
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5196 | b(If)24 b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale)h(is)f Fs(C)g |
5197 | Ft(or)g Fs(POSIX)p Ft(,)f(the)h(dollar)h(sign)f(is)g(ignored.)150 | |
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5198 | 3813 y(If)30 b(the)g(string)h(is)f(translated)h(and)f(replaced,)h(the)g |
5199 | (replacemen)m(t)h(is)e(double-quoted.)275 3977 y(Some)20 | |
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5200 | b(systems)h(use)f(the)h(message)h(catalog)h(selected)f(b)m(y)f(the)g |
5201 | Fs(LC_MESSAGES)c Ft(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable.)39 b(Others)150 | |
495aee44 | 5202 | 4087 y(create)g(the)e(name)g(of)g(the)g(message)h(catalog)i(from)d(the) |
0001803f | 5203 | g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)h Fs(TEXTDOMAIN)c Ft(shell)j(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 5204 | b(ariable,)150 4196 y(p)s(ossibly)31 b(adding)g(a)g(su\016x)g(of)h(`)p |
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5205 | Fs(.mo)p Ft('.)43 b(If)31 b(y)m(ou)h(use)f(the)h Fs(TEXTDOMAIN)c |
5206 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)33 b(y)m(ou)f(ma)m(y)g(need)f(to)h(set)150 | |
495aee44 | 5207 | 4306 y(the)22 b Fs(TEXTDOMAINDIR)d Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)23 |
0001803f | 5208 | b(to)g(the)f(lo)s(cation)i(of)e(the)h(message)g(catalog)i(\014les.)38 |
495aee44 | 5209 | b(Still)23 b(others)f(use)g(b)s(oth)150 4416 y(v)-5 b(ariables)31 |
17345e5a | 5210 | b(in)f(this)g(fashion:)41 b Fs(TEXTDOMAINDIR)p Ft(/)p |
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5211 | Fs(LC_MESSAGES)p Ft(/LC)p 2528 4416 28 4 v 34 w(MESSA)m(GES/)p |
5212 | Fs(TEXTDOMAIN)p Ft(.mo.)150 4645 y Fj(3.1.3)63 b(Commen)m(ts)150 | |
5213 | 4792 y Ft(In)21 b(a)i(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)h(shell,)g(or)e(an)g(in)m | |
0001803f | 5214 | (teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(in)g(whic)m(h)g(the)g Fs(interactive_comments) |
495aee44 | 5215 | 16 b Ft(option)150 4902 y(to)40 b(the)f Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)h(is)h |
0001803f | 5216 | (enabled)g(\(see)h(Section)g(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e |
495aee44 | 5217 | (57\),)i(a)d(w)m(ord)150 5011 y(b)s(eginning)26 b(with)g(`)p |
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5218 | Fs(#)p Ft(')g(causes)h(that)f(w)m(ord)g(and)g(all)h(remaining)g(c)m |
5219 | (haracters)g(on)f(that)h(line)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(ignored.)150 | |
495aee44 | 5220 | 5121 y(An)43 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(without)f(the)g |
0001803f | 5221 | Fs(interactive_comments)38 b Ft(option)44 b(enabled)f(do)s(es)g(not)g |
495aee44 | 5222 | (allo)m(w)150 5230 y(commen)m(ts.)56 b(The)34 b Fs |
0001803f | 5223 | (interactive_comments)c Ft(option)35 b(is)g(on)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(in)g |
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5224 | (in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)55 b(See)150 5340 y(Section)30 |
5225 | b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(76,)g(for)e(a)i | |
5226 | (description)e(of)h(what)g(mak)m(es)h(a)f(shell)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)p | |
5227 | eop end | |
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5228 | %%Page: 8 14 |
5229 | TeXDict begin 8 13 bop 150 -116 a Ft(8)2617 b(Bash)31 | |
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5230 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(3.2)68 b(Shell)45 |
5231 | b(Commands)150 458 y Ft(A)d(simple)g(shell)g(command)f(suc)m(h)h(as)g | |
5232 | Fs(echo)29 b(a)h(b)g(c)41 b Ft(consists)i(of)f(the)f(command)h(itself)h | |
5233 | (follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)150 568 y(argumen)m(ts,)31 b(separated)g(b)m(y) | |
5234 | f(spaces.)275 714 y(More)h(complex)h(shell)f(commands)g(are)g(comp)s | |
5235 | (osed)g(of)g(simple)g(commands)g(arranged)g(together)h(in)150 | |
5236 | 824 y(a)f(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)32 b(of)f(w)m(a)m(ys:)41 b(in)31 | |
5237 | b(a)g(pip)s(eline)f(in)g(whic)m(h)g(the)h(output)f(of)h(one)f(command)h | |
5238 | (b)s(ecomes)f(the)h(input)f(of)150 933 y(a)h(second,)f(in)h(a)f(lo)s | |
5239 | (op)h(or)f(conditional)i(construct,)f(or)f(in)g(some)h(other)g | |
5240 | (grouping.)150 1144 y Fj(3.2.1)63 b(Simple)41 b(Commands)150 | |
5241 | 1291 y Ft(A)29 b(simple)f(command)g(is)h(the)g(kind)e(of)i(command)f | |
5242 | (encoun)m(tered)h(most)g(often.)40 b(It's)29 b(just)f(a)h(sequence)g | |
5243 | (of)150 1401 y(w)m(ords)22 b(separated)i(b)m(y)e Fs(blank)p | |
5244 | Ft(s,)i(terminated)f(b)m(y)g(one)g(of)g(the)g(shell's)g(con)m(trol)h | |
5245 | (op)s(erators)f(\(see)h(Chapter)f(2)150 1510 y([De\014nitions],)37 | |
5246 | b(page)e(3\).)54 b(The)35 b(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)i(generally)g(sp)s | |
0001803f | 5247 | (eci\014es)g(a)g(command)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(executed,)j(with)150 |
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5248 | 1620 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(w)m(ords)g(b)s(eing)g(that)h |
5249 | (command's)f(argumen)m(ts.)275 1766 y(The)h(return)h(status)g(\(see)i | |
5250 | (Section)f(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)h(page)f(33\))g(of)g(a)g(simple)f | |
5251 | (command)g(is)h(its)150 1876 y(exit)38 b(status)f(as)g(pro)m(vided)f(b) | |
17345e5a | 5252 | m(y)h(the)g Fl(posix)f Ft(1003.1)j Fs(waitpid)c Ft(function,)j(or)f |
495aee44 CR |
5253 | (128)p Fs(+)p Fq(n)g Ft(if)g(the)g(command)150 1986 y(w)m(as)31 |
5254 | b(terminated)g(b)m(y)f(signal)h Fq(n)p Ft(.)150 2197 | |
5255 | y Fj(3.2.2)63 b(Pip)s(elines)150 2343 y Ft(A)35 b Fs(pipeline)e | |
0001803f | 5256 | Ft(is)j(a)f(sequence)h(of)f(simple)g(commands)g(separated)h(b)m(y)f |
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5257 | (one)g(of)h(the)f(con)m(trol)i(op)s(erators)150 2453 |
5258 | y(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(')31 b(or)f(`)p Fs(|&)p Ft('.)275 2599 | |
5259 | y(The)f(format)i(for)f(a)h(pip)s(eline)f(is)390 2746 | |
0001803f | 5260 | y Fs([time)46 b([-p]])h([!])g Fi(command1)56 b Fs([)47 |
495aee44 | 5261 | b([|)g(or)h(|&])e Fi(command2)56 b Fs(...])150 2892 y |
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5262 | Ft(The)25 b(output)f(of)i(eac)m(h)g(command)f(in)f(the)i(pip)s(eline)e |
5263 | (is)i(connected)g(via)f(a)h(pip)s(e)e(to)i(the)f(input)f(of)h(the)h | |
495aee44 | 5264 | (next)150 3001 y(command.)40 b(That)29 b(is,)h(eac)m(h)h(command)e |
0001803f | 5265 | (reads)g(the)h(previous)f(command's)g(output.)40 b(This)29 |
495aee44 | 5266 | b(connection)150 3111 y(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(b)s(efore)h(an)m(y)h |
0001803f | 5267 | (redirections)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(command.)275 |
495aee44 | 5268 | 3257 y(If)j(`)p Fs(|&)p Ft(')h(is)h(used,)f(the)h(standard)e(error)h |
0001803f | 5269 | (of)g Fq(command1)42 b Ft(is)34 b(connected)h(to)g Fq(command2)7 |
495aee44 | 5270 | b Ft('s)35 b(standard)150 3367 y(input)25 b(through)g(the)h(pip)s(e;)h |
0001803f | 5271 | (it)f(is)g(shorthand)f(for)g Fs(2>&1)k(|)p Ft(.)39 b(This)25 |
495aee44 | 5272 | b(implicit)i(redirection)g(of)f(the)g(standard)150 3477 |
0001803f | 5273 | y(error)k(is)g(p)s(erformed)f(after)i(an)m(y)g(redirections)g(sp)s |
495aee44 | 5274 | (eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)i(the)f(command.)275 3623 y(The)36 |
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5275 | b(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)g Fs(time)g Ft(causes)h(timing)g(statistics)h |
5276 | (to)f(b)s(e)f(prin)m(ted)g(for)g(the)h(pip)s(eline)f(once)h(it)150 | |
495aee44 | 5277 | 3732 y(\014nishes.)51 b(The)34 b(statistics)i(curren)m(tly)e(consist)h |
0001803f | 5278 | (of)f(elapsed)h(\(w)m(all-clo)s(c)m(k\))i(time)e(and)f(user)f(and)h |
495aee44 CR |
5279 | (system)150 3842 y(time)28 b(consumed)e(b)m(y)h(the)h(command's)f |
5280 | (execution.)40 b(The)27 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(c)m(hanges)g(the) | |
5281 | f(output)g(format)g(to)150 3952 y(that)34 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h | |
5282 | Fl(posix)p Ft(.)49 b(When)33 b(the)g(shell)g(is)h(in)e | |
5283 | Fl(posix)h Ft(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)g(POSIX)150 | |
5284 | 4061 y(Mo)s(de],)40 b(page)f(86\),)i(it)d(do)s(es)f(not)h(recognize)i | |
5285 | Fs(time)c Ft(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)f(if)h(the)g(next)g(tok)m | |
5286 | (en)g(b)s(egins)150 4171 y(with)33 b(a)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)49 | |
5287 | b(The)33 b Fs(TIMEFORMAT)d Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(set) | |
5288 | g(to)h(a)g(format)f(string)g(that)h(sp)s(eci\014es)f(ho)m(w)g(the)150 | |
5289 | 4280 y(timing)38 b(information)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(displa)m(y)m(ed.)62 | |
5290 | b(See)38 b(Section)g(5.2)g([Bash)g(V)-8 b(ariables],)41 | |
5291 | b(page)d(63,)i(for)e(a)150 4390 y(description)27 b(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 | |
5292 | b(ailable)29 b(formats.)40 b(The)26 b(use)h(of)g Fs(time)f | |
5293 | Ft(as)i(a)f(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)g(p)s(ermits)f(the)h(timing)150 | |
5294 | 4499 y(of)38 b(shell)g(builtins,)i(shell)e(functions,)i(and)d(pip)s | |
5295 | (elines.)63 b(An)38 b(external)h Fs(time)e Ft(command)h(cannot)g(time) | |
5296 | 150 4609 y(these)31 b(easily)-8 b(.)275 4755 y(When)29 | |
5297 | b(the)h(shell)h(is)f(in)f Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de)h(\(see)h(Section)f | |
5298 | (6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(86\),)g Fs(time)150 | |
5299 | 4865 y Ft(ma)m(y)26 b(b)s(e)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)d(a)h(newline.)39 | |
5300 | b(In)25 b(this)h(case,)i(the)d(shell)h(displa)m(ys)g(the)g(total)h | |
5301 | (user)e(and)g(system)h(time)150 4975 y(consumed)33 b(b)m(y)h(the)h | |
5302 | (shell)f(and)f(its)i(c)m(hildren.)51 b(The)34 b Fs(TIMEFORMAT)d | |
5303 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(sp)s(ecify)150 | |
5304 | 5084 y(the)c(format)f(of)h(the)f(time)h(information.)275 | |
5305 | 5230 y(If)24 b(the)h(pip)s(eline)g(is)g(not)g(executed)h(async)m | |
5306 | (hronously)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.3)h([Lists],)g(page)e(9\),)i(the)f | |
5307 | (shell)150 5340 y(w)m(aits)31 b(for)f(all)i(commands)e(in)g(the)g(pip)s | |
5308 | (eline)g(to)h(complete.)p eop end | |
5309 | %%Page: 9 15 | |
5310 | TeXDict begin 9 14 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5311 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2292 b(9)275 299 | |
5312 | y(Eac)m(h)25 b(command)g(in)g(a)g(pip)s(eline)g(is)g(executed)h(in)f | |
5313 | (its)g(o)m(wn)h(subshell)e(\(see)i(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)150 | |
5314 | 408 y(Execution)36 b(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)i(page)e(32\).)58 | |
5315 | b(The)36 b(exit)g(status)g(of)g(a)g(pip)s(eline)g(is)f(the)h(exit)h | |
5316 | (status)f(of)g(the)150 518 y(last)27 b(command)f(in)f(the)i(pip)s | |
5317 | (eline,)f(unless)g(the)g Fs(pipefail)e Ft(option)i(is)g(enabled)g | |
5318 | (\(see)h(Section)g(4.3.1)h([The)150 628 y(Set)34 b(Builtin],)j(page)e | |
5319 | (54\).)53 b(If)34 b Fs(pipefail)e Ft(is)i(enabled,)h(the)g(pip)s | |
5320 | (eline's)f(return)f(status)h(is)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 | |
5321 | b(of)150 737 y(the)d(last)h(\(righ)m(tmost\))h(command)e(to)h(exit)g | |
5322 | (with)e(a)i(non-zero)f(status,)h(or)f(zero)h(if)f(all)h(commands)f | |
5323 | (exit)150 847 y(successfully)-8 b(.)67 b(If)38 b(the)h(reserv)m(ed)g(w) | |
5324 | m(ord)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')g(precedes)g(the)g(pip)s(eline,)h(the)g(exit)f | |
5325 | (status)g(is)g(the)g(logical)150 956 y(negation)h(of)f(the)f(exit)i | |
5326 | (status)f(as)f(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)66 b(The)38 | |
5327 | b(shell)h(w)m(aits)h(for)e(all)h(commands)g(in)f(the)150 | |
5328 | 1066 y(pip)s(eline)30 b(to)h(terminate)g(b)s(efore)f(returning)g(a)h(v) | |
5329 | -5 b(alue.)150 1271 y Fj(3.2.3)63 b(Lists)41 b(of)h(Commands)150 | |
5330 | 1418 y Ft(A)37 b Fs(list)e Ft(is)i(a)g(sequence)g(of)g(one)g(or)f(more) | |
5331 | h(pip)s(elines)f(separated)h(b)m(y)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(op)s(erators)g(`) | |
5332 | p Fs(;)p Ft(',)i(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(',)150 1527 y(`)p Fs(&&)p | |
0001803f CR |
5333 | Ft(',)31 b(or)f(`)p Fs(||)p Ft(',)g(and)g(optionally)i(terminated)f(b)m |
5334 | (y)f(one)h(of)f(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(',)g(or)f(a)h | |
495aee44 | 5335 | Fs(newline)p Ft(.)275 1667 y(Of)23 b(these)h(list)g(op)s(erators,)i(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
5336 | Fs(&&)p Ft(')d(and)g(`)p Fs(||)p Ft(')h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(equal)f |
5337 | (precedence,)i(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)f(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p | |
495aee44 CR |
5338 | Fs(&)p Ft(',)i(whic)m(h)150 1777 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(equal)e(precedence.) |
5339 | 275 1916 y(A)f(sequence)h(of)g(one)g(or)g(more)g(newlines)f(ma)m(y)h | |
5340 | (app)s(ear)f(in)h(a)g Fs(list)e Ft(to)j(delimit)f(commands,)g(equiv-) | |
5341 | 150 2026 y(alen)m(t)i(to)f(a)g(semicolon.)275 2166 y(If)c(a)h(command)f | |
5342 | (is)h(terminated)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(con)m(trol)h(op)s(erator)f(`)p | |
17345e5a | 5343 | Fs(&)p Ft(',)h(the)e(shell)h(executes)h(the)f(command)150 |
495aee44 | 5344 | 2275 y(async)m(hronously)g(in)g(a)h(subshell.)39 b(This)28 |
0001803f | 5345 | b(is)g(kno)m(wn)g(as)h(executing)h(the)e(command)h(in)f(the)g |
495aee44 | 5346 | Fq(bac)m(kground)t Ft(.)150 2385 y(The)g(shell)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(w)m |
17345e5a | 5347 | (ait)g(for)f(the)h(command)f(to)i(\014nish,)d(and)h(the)h(return)e |
495aee44 CR |
5348 | (status)i(is)g(0)g(\(true\).)40 b(When)150 2494 y(job)g(con)m(trol)h |
5349 | (is)g(not)f(activ)m(e)i(\(see)f(Chapter)f(7)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol],)j | |
5350 | (page)e(91\),)j(the)d(standard)e(input)g(for)150 2604 | |
5351 | y(async)m(hronous)k(commands,)k(in)d(the)f(absence)i(of)f(an)m(y)g | |
5352 | (explicit)h(redirections,)j(is)43 b(redirected)h(from)150 | |
5353 | 2714 y Fs(/dev/null)p Ft(.)275 2853 y(Commands)19 b(separated)j(b)m(y)f | |
5354 | (a)g(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(')g(are)h(executed)g(sequen)m(tially;)k(the)21 | |
5355 | b(shell)g(w)m(aits)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h(command)150 2963 | |
17345e5a JA |
5356 | y(to)31 b(terminate)h(in)e(turn.)39 b(The)30 b(return)f(status)i(is)f |
5357 | (the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)g(the)f(last)h(command)f(executed.)275 | |
495aee44 | 5358 | 3103 y Fl(and)g Ft(and)h Fl(or)g Ft(lists)h(are)g(sequences)f(of)h(one) |
17345e5a | 5359 | g(or)f(more)h(pip)s(elines)e(separated)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(con)m(trol)i(op) |
495aee44 | 5360 | s(er-)150 3212 y(ators)e(`)p Fs(&&)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
5361 | Fs(||)p Ft(',)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)42 b Fl(and)30 |
5362 | b Ft(and)f Fl(or)h Ft(lists)h(are)g(executed)g(with)f(left)h(asso)s | |
495aee44 CR |
5363 | (ciativit)m(y)-8 b(.)275 3352 y(An)30 b Fl(and)f Ft(list)i(has)f(the)h |
5364 | (form)390 3492 y Fi(command1)56 b Fs(&&)47 b Fi(command2)150 | |
5365 | 3632 y Fq(command2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(executed)i(if,)e(and)g(only)g(if,)h | |
17345e5a | 5366 | Fq(command1)38 b Ft(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)h(status)g(of)g(zero.)275 |
495aee44 CR |
5367 | 3772 y(An)f Fl(or)f Ft(list)i(has)f(the)h(form)390 3911 |
5368 | y Fi(command1)56 b Fs(||)47 b Fi(command2)150 4051 y | |
17345e5a JA |
5369 | Fq(command2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(executed)i(if,)e(and)g(only)g(if,)h |
5370 | Fq(command1)38 b Ft(returns)29 b(a)i(non-zero)g(exit)g(status.)275 | |
495aee44 | 5371 | 4191 y(The)h(return)g(status)i(of)f Fl(and)f Ft(and)h |
17345e5a | 5372 | Fl(or)f Ft(lists)i(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h |
495aee44 CR |
5373 | (command)f(executed)150 4301 y(in)d(the)h(list.)150 4505 |
5374 | y Fj(3.2.4)63 b(Comp)s(ound)42 b(Commands)150 4652 y | |
0001803f CR |
5375 | Ft(Comp)s(ound)32 b(commands)j(are)g(the)g(shell)g(programming)f |
5376 | (constructs.)54 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(construct)g(b)s(egins)f(with)150 | |
495aee44 | 5377 | 4762 y(a)k(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)h(or)f(con)m(trol)i(op)s(erator)f(and) |
0001803f | 5378 | f(is)g(terminated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(corresp)s(onding)f(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m |
495aee44 CR |
5379 | (ord)150 4871 y(or)44 b(op)s(erator.)81 b(An)m(y)44 b(redirections)g |
5380 | (\(see)h(Section)g(3.6)g([Redirections],)j(page)d(27\))g(asso)s(ciated) | |
5381 | g(with)150 4981 y(a)g(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(apply)f(to)h(all)h | |
0001803f | 5382 | (commands)e(within)g(that)h(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(unless)150 |
495aee44 | 5383 | 5091 y(explicitly)32 b(o)m(v)m(erridden.)275 5230 y(Bash)45 |
0001803f | 5384 | b(pro)m(vides)h(lo)s(oping)g(constructs,)j(conditional)e(commands,)j |
495aee44 CR |
5385 | (and)44 b(mec)m(hanisms)i(to)g(group)150 5340 y(commands)30 |
5386 | b(and)g(execute)i(them)e(as)g(a)h(unit.)p eop end | |
17345e5a JA |
5387 | %%Page: 10 16 |
5388 | TeXDict begin 10 15 bop 150 -116 a Ft(10)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
495aee44 CR |
5389 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(3.2.4.1)63 b(Lo)s(oping)43 |
5390 | b(Constructs)150 446 y Ft(Bash)31 b(supp)s(orts)d(the)j(follo)m(wing)g | |
5391 | (lo)s(oping)g(constructs.)275 580 y(Note)k(that)f(wherev)m(er)g(a)g(`)p | |
5392 | Fs(;)p Ft(')g(app)s(ears)f(in)h(the)g(description)g(of)g(a)g(command's) | |
5393 | g(syn)m(tax,)i(it)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)150 690 y(replaced)c(with)f(one)h | |
5394 | (or)f(more)g(newlines.)150 849 y Fs(until)240 b Ft(The)30 | |
5395 | b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h Fs(until)e Ft(command)h(is:)870 | |
5396 | 983 y Fs(until)46 b Fi(test-commands)11 b Fs(;)44 b(do)j | |
5397 | Fi(consequent-commands)11 b Fs(;)42 b(done)630 1117 y | |
5398 | Ft(Execute)g Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)k Ft(as)41 b(long)h(as)f | |
5399 | Fq(test-commands)46 b Ft(has)41 b(an)g(exit)h(status)630 | |
5400 | 1227 y(whic)m(h)c(is)h(not)g(zero.)67 b(The)38 b(return)g(status)h(is)f | |
5401 | (the)h(exit)h(status)f(of)g(the)g(last)g(command)630 | |
5402 | 1336 y(executed)31 b(in)f Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)t | |
5403 | Ft(,)h(or)g(zero)g(if)f(none)h(w)m(as)f(executed.)150 | |
5404 | 1495 y Fs(while)240 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h | |
5405 | Fs(while)e Ft(command)h(is:)870 1630 y Fs(while)46 b | |
5406 | Fi(test-commands)11 b Fs(;)44 b(do)j Fi(consequent-commands)11 | |
5407 | b Fs(;)42 b(done)630 1764 y Ft(Execute)g Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)k | |
5408 | Ft(as)41 b(long)h(as)f Fq(test-commands)46 b Ft(has)41 | |
5409 | b(an)g(exit)h(status)630 1873 y(of)34 b(zero.)53 b(The)34 | |
5410 | b(return)f(status)h(is)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h | |
5411 | (command)f(executed)h(in)630 1983 y Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)t | |
17345e5a | 5412 | Ft(,)c(or)g(zero)g(if)f(none)g(w)m(as)h(executed.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
5413 | 2142 y Fs(for)336 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h |
5414 | Fs(for)e Ft(command)i(is:)870 2276 y Fs(for)47 b Fi(name)57 | |
0001803f | 5415 | b Fs([)48 b([in)e([)p Fi(words)57 b Fs(...)o(])48 b(])f(;)h(])f(do)g |
495aee44 | 5416 | Fi(commands)11 b Fs(;)45 b(done)630 2411 y Ft(Expand)31 |
0001803f CR |
5417 | b Fq(w)m(ords)t Ft(,)i(and)e(execute)j Fq(commands)i |
5418 | Ft(once)d(for)f(eac)m(h)i(mem)m(b)s(er)e(in)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)630 | |
495aee44 | 5419 | 2520 y(list,)d(with)f Fq(name)33 b Ft(b)s(ound)26 b(to)j(the)f(curren)m |
0001803f | 5420 | (t)g(mem)m(b)s(er.)40 b(If)27 b(`)p Fs(in)j Fi(words)11 |
495aee44 | 5421 | b Ft(')27 b(is)h(not)g(presen)m(t,)h(the)630 2630 y Fs(for)g |
0001803f | 5422 | Ft(command)g(executes)i(the)e Fq(commands)k Ft(once)d(for)f(eac)m(h)i |
495aee44 | 5423 | (p)s(ositional)f(parameter)g(that)630 2739 y(is)d(set,)h(as)f(if)g(`)p |
0001803f | 5424 | Fs(in)j("$@")p Ft(')c(had)g(b)s(een)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(\(see)i(Section) |
495aee44 | 5425 | f(3.4.2)i([Sp)s(ecial)e(P)m(arameters],)630 2849 y(page)c(18\).)39 |
0001803f | 5426 | b(The)21 b(return)g(status)h(is)g(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 5427 | (last)g(command)g(that)g(executes.)630 2958 y(If)37 b(there)h(are)g(no) |
0001803f | 5428 | g(items)g(in)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)f Fq(w)m(ords)t Ft(,)j(no)d |
495aee44 CR |
5429 | (commands)h(are)g(executed,)630 3068 y(and)30 b(the)g(return)g(status)g |
5430 | (is)h(zero.)630 3202 y(An)f(alternate)i(form)e(of)h(the)f | |
5431 | Fs(for)g Ft(command)g(is)g(also)h(supp)s(orted:)870 3337 | |
0001803f CR |
5432 | y Fs(for)47 b(\(\()g Fi(expr1)57 b Fs(;)47 b Fi(expr2)57 |
5433 | b Fs(;)48 b Fi(expr3)57 b Fs(\)\))47 b(;)g(do)g Fi(commands)57 | |
495aee44 | 5434 | b Fs(;)47 b(done)630 3471 y Ft(First,)38 b(the)f(arithmetic)h |
0001803f | 5435 | (expression)e Fq(expr1)43 b Ft(is)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 |
495aee44 | 5436 | b(according)f(to)g(the)g(rules)f(de-)630 3580 y(scrib)s(ed)41 |
0001803f | 5437 | b(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d |
495aee44 | 5438 | (80\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630 3690 y(expression)33 |
0001803f CR |
5439 | b Fq(expr2)41 b Ft(is)34 b(then)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 |
5440 | b(rep)s(eatedly)f(un)m(til)g(it)g(ev)-5 b(aluates)35 | |
495aee44 | 5441 | b(to)g(zero.)51 b(Eac)m(h)630 3800 y(time)23 b Fq(expr2)30 |
0001803f CR |
5442 | b Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)25 b(to)e(a)g(non-zero)h(v)-5 b(alue,)25 |
5443 | b Fq(commands)h Ft(are)d(executed)g(and)g(the)g(arith-)630 | |
495aee44 | 5444 | 3909 y(metic)29 b(expression)f Fq(expr3)36 b Ft(is)28 |
17345e5a | 5445 | b(ev)-5 b(aluated.)41 b(If)28 b(an)m(y)h(expression)f(is)g(omitted,)i |
495aee44 | 5446 | (it)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)630 4019 y(if)i(it)h(ev)-5 |
17345e5a JA |
5447 | b(aluates)32 b(to)g(1.)44 b(The)30 b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
5448 | b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h(command)f(in)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
5449 | 4128 y Fq(commands)j Ft(that)d(is)f(executed,)i(or)e(false)h(if)f(an)m |
5450 | (y)h(of)g(the)f(expressions)g(is)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid.)275 | |
5451 | 4287 y(The)26 b Fs(break)g Ft(and)h Fs(continue)e Ft(builtins)i(\(see)h | |
5452 | (Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)i(page)f(37\))g(ma)m(y) | |
5453 | 150 4397 y(b)s(e)i(used)f(to)i(con)m(trol)h(lo)s(op)f(execution.)150 | |
5454 | 4596 y Fj(3.2.4.2)63 b(Conditional)42 b(Constructs)150 | |
5455 | 4767 y Fs(if)384 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h | |
5456 | Fs(if)f Ft(command)g(is:)870 4902 y Fs(if)47 b Fi(test-commands)11 | |
5457 | b Fs(;)44 b(then)965 5011 y Fi(consequent-commands)11 | |
5458 | b Fs(;)870 5121 y([elif)46 b Fi(more-test-commands)11 | |
5459 | b Fs(;)42 b(then)965 5230 y Fi(more-consequents)11 b | |
5460 | Fs(;])870 5340 y([else)46 b Fi(alternate-consequents)11 | |
5461 | b Fs(;])p eop end | |
5462 | %%Page: 11 17 | |
5463 | TeXDict begin 11 16 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5464 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(11)870 299 | |
5465 | y Fs(fi)630 432 y Ft(The)53 b Fq(test-commands)58 b Ft(list)c(is)g | |
5466 | (executed,)60 b(and)53 b(if)g(its)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(zero,)61 | |
5467 | b(the)630 542 y Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)44 b Ft(list)d(is)f | |
5468 | (executed.)70 b(If)40 b Fq(test-commands)k Ft(returns)39 | |
5469 | b(a)h(non-zero)630 651 y(status,)45 b(eac)m(h)e Fs(elif)d | |
5470 | Ft(list)i(is)g(executed)h(in)e(turn,)j(and)d(if)g(its)h(exit)h(status)f | |
5471 | (is)f(zero,)46 b(the)630 761 y(corresp)s(onding)37 b | |
5472 | Fq(more-consequen)m(ts)42 b Ft(is)c(executed)g(and)f(the)h(command)g | |
5473 | (completes.)63 b(If)630 870 y(`)p Fs(else)29 b Fi | |
17345e5a | 5474 | (alternate-consequents)11 b Ft(')23 b(is)30 b(presen)m(t,)f(and)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 5475 | (\014nal)g(command)f(in)h(the)g(\014nal)630 980 y Fs(if)44 |
17345e5a | 5476 | b Ft(or)g Fs(elif)f Ft(clause)i(has)f(a)h(non-zero)g(exit)g(status,)j |
495aee44 | 5477 | (then)c Fq(alternate-consequen)m(ts)51 b Ft(is)630 1089 |
17345e5a | 5478 | y(executed.)k(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(the)h(exit)h(status)f(of) |
495aee44 CR |
5479 | g(the)g(last)g(command)g(executed,)630 1199 y(or)30 b(zero)i(if)e(no)g |
5480 | (condition)h(tested)g(true.)150 1356 y Fs(case)288 b | |
17345e5a | 5481 | Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h Fs(case)e Ft(command)h(is:)870 |
495aee44 | 5482 | 1489 y Fs(case)47 b Fi(word)57 b Fs(in)47 b([)g([\(])g |
0001803f | 5483 | Fi(pattern)57 b Fs([|)47 b Fi(pattern)11 b Fs(]...)l(\))48 |
495aee44 | 5484 | b Fi(command-list)55 b Fs(;;]...)46 b(esac)630 1622 y(case)20 |
17345e5a JA |
5485 | b Ft(will)i(selectiv)m(ely)j(execute)e(the)e Fq(command-list)k |
5486 | Ft(corresp)s(onding)20 b(to)i(the)g(\014rst)f Fq(pattern)630 | |
495aee44 | 5487 | 1731 y Ft(that)42 b(matc)m(hes)g Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(.)71 |
0001803f | 5488 | b(If)41 b(the)g(shell)g(option)g Fs(nocasematch)d Ft(\(see)k(the)f |
495aee44 CR |
5489 | (description)g(of)630 1841 y Fs(shopt)34 b Ft(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h |
5490 | ([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e(57\))g(is)g(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m | |
5491 | (h)g(is)630 1951 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(without)i(regard)g(to)g(the)g | |
5492 | (case)h(of)f(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m(haracters.)44 b(The)30 | |
5493 | b(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(')h(is)g(used)630 2060 y(to)e(separate)g(m)m(ultiple)g | |
5494 | (patterns,)g(and)e(the)i(`)p Fs(\))p Ft(')f(op)s(erator)g(terminates)h | |
5495 | (a)g(pattern)f(list.)41 b(A)630 2170 y(list)31 b(of)g(patterns)f(and)g | |
5496 | (an)g(asso)s(ciated)i(command-list)f(is)f(kno)m(wn)g(as)h(a)g | |
5497 | Fq(clause)5 b Ft(.)630 2303 y(Eac)m(h)42 b(clause)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g | |
5498 | (terminated)h(with)e(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(',)45 b(`)p Fs(;&)p | |
5499 | Ft(',)f(or)d(`)p Fs(;;&)p Ft('.)73 b(The)41 b Fq(w)m(ord)j | |
5500 | Ft(under-)630 2412 y(go)s(es)35 b(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)g | |
5501 | (expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)h(arithmetic)630 | |
5502 | 2522 y(expansion,)47 b(and)d(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)45 | |
5503 | b(b)s(efore)f(matc)m(hing)h(is)f(attempted.)82 b(Eac)m(h)45 | |
5504 | b Fq(pattern)630 2632 y Ft(undergo)s(es)38 b(tilde)h(expansion,)i | |
5505 | (parameter)e(expansion,)i(command)d(substitution,)j(and)630 | |
5506 | 2741 y(arithmetic)32 b(expansion.)630 2874 y(There)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f | |
5507 | (an)h(arbitrary)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h Fs(case)f Ft(clauses,)i(eac)m | |
5508 | (h)g(terminated)g(b)m(y)e(a)i(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(',)630 2984 | |
5509 | y(`)p Fs(;&)p Ft(',)c(or)e(`)p Fs(;;&)p Ft('.)39 b(The)25 | |
5510 | b(\014rst)g(pattern)h(that)g(matc)m(hes)h(determines)e(the)h | |
5511 | (command-list)g(that)630 3093 y(is)k(executed.)630 3226 | |
5512 | y(Here)35 b(is)g(an)g(example)h(using)e Fs(case)g Ft(in)g(a)h(script)g | |
5513 | (that)h(could)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(describ)s(e)g(one)630 | |
5514 | 3336 y(in)m(teresting)d(feature)f(of)f(an)g(animal:)870 | |
5515 | 3469 y Fs(echo)47 b(-n)g("Enter)f(the)h(name)f(of)i(an)f(animal:)f(") | |
5516 | 870 3579 y(read)h(ANIMAL)870 3688 y(echo)g(-n)g("The)f($ANIMAL)g(has)h | |
5517 | (")870 3798 y(case)g($ANIMAL)e(in)965 3907 y(horse)i(|)g(dog)g(|)h | |
5518 | (cat\))e(echo)h(-n)g("four";;)965 4017 y(man)g(|)h(kangaroo)d(\))j | |
5519 | (echo)e(-n)i("two";;)965 4127 y(*\))g(echo)e(-n)h("an)g(unknown)f | |
5520 | (number)g(of";;)870 4236 y(esac)870 4346 y(echo)h(")g(legs.")630 | |
5521 | 4502 y Ft(If)25 b(the)h(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(')g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(used,)g | |
17345e5a | 5522 | (no)g(subsequen)m(t)f(matc)m(hes)i(are)f(attempted)h(after)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 5523 | (\014rst)630 4612 y(pattern)g(matc)m(h.)40 b(Using)26 |
17345e5a | 5524 | b(`)p Fs(;&)p Ft(')f(in)h(place)g(of)g(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(')g(causes)g |
495aee44 | 5525 | (execution)h(to)f(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(with)f(the)630 4722 |
17345e5a JA |
5526 | y Fq(command-list)39 b Ft(asso)s(ciated)f(with)e(the)g(next)g(clause,)j |
5527 | (if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(.)59 b(Using)37 b(`)p Fs(;;&)p Ft(')f(in)g(place)h | |
495aee44 | 5528 | (of)630 4831 y(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(')30 b(causes)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g(test)h |
17345e5a | 5529 | (the)f(patterns)g(in)f(the)h(next)g(clause,)h(if)e(an)m(y)-8 |
495aee44 | 5530 | b(,)31 b(and)f(execute)630 4941 y(an)m(y)h(asso)s(ciated)h |
17345e5a | 5531 | Fq(command-list)h Ft(on)d(a)h(successful)f(matc)m(h.)630 |
495aee44 | 5532 | 5074 y(The)c(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)f(no)g |
17345e5a | 5533 | Fq(pattern)g Ft(is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(Otherwise,)27 b(the)g(return)e |
495aee44 CR |
5534 | (status)630 5183 y(is)30 b(the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)f(the)h |
5535 | Fq(command-list)i Ft(executed.)150 5340 y Fs(select)p | |
5536 | eop end | |
5537 | %%Page: 12 18 | |
5538 | TeXDict begin 12 17 bop 150 -116 a Ft(12)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
5539 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(The)i Fs(select)f Ft(construct)i | |
5540 | (allo)m(ws)h(the)f(easy)g(generation)h(of)e(men)m(us.)50 | |
5541 | b(It)34 b(has)f(almost)i(the)630 408 y(same)c(syn)m(tax)g(as)f(the)h | |
5542 | Fs(for)e Ft(command:)870 544 y Fs(select)46 b Fi(name)57 | |
5543 | b Fs([in)47 b Fi(words)57 b Fs(...)o(];)47 b(do)h Fi(commands)11 | |
5544 | b Fs(;)44 b(done)630 679 y Ft(The)d(list)i(of)e(w)m(ords)h(follo)m | |
5545 | (wing)h Fs(in)e Ft(is)h(expanded,)i(generating)f(a)f(list)g(of)g | |
5546 | (items.)75 b(The)630 789 y(set)41 b(of)f(expanded)f(w)m(ords)g(is)i | |
5547 | (prin)m(ted)e(on)h(the)g(standard)f(error)h(output)g(stream,)j(eac)m(h) | |
5548 | 630 898 y(preceded)30 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)40 | |
0001803f | 5549 | b(If)29 b(the)i(`)p Fs(in)f Fi(words)11 b Ft(')29 b(is)h(omitted,)i |
495aee44 | 5550 | (the)e(p)s(ositional)i(parameters)630 1008 y(are)22 b(prin)m(ted,)h(as) |
17345e5a JA |
5551 | f(if)f(`)p Fs(in)30 b("$@")p Ft(')21 b(had)g(b)s(een)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.) |
5552 | 37 b(The)21 b Fs(PS3)g Ft(prompt)g(is)g(then)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)630 | |
495aee44 | 5553 | 1118 y(and)38 b(a)h(line)g(is)f(read)h(from)f(the)h(standard)e(input.) |
17345e5a | 5554 | 65 b(If)38 b(the)h(line)g(consists)g(of)f(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)630 |
495aee44 | 5555 | 1227 y(corresp)s(onding)33 b(to)i(one)f(of)g(the)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(w) |
17345e5a | 5556 | m(ords,)f(then)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)h Fq(name)k |
495aee44 | 5557 | Ft(is)34 b(set)g(to)630 1337 y(that)g(w)m(ord.)49 b(If)32 |
17345e5a | 5558 | b(the)i(line)f(is)h(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(the)e(w)m(ords)g(and)f(prompt) |
495aee44 | 5559 | h(are)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(again.)50 b(If)630 1446 y Fs(EOF)23 |
17345e5a JA |
5560 | b Ft(is)g(read,)j(the)d Fs(select)f Ft(command)i(completes.)40 |
5561 | b(An)m(y)23 b(other)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(read)g(causes)g | |
495aee44 | 5562 | Fq(name)630 1556 y Ft(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(set)h(to)g(n)m(ull.)41 |
17345e5a | 5563 | b(The)29 b(line)i(read)f(is)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(in)f(the)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 5564 | b(ariable)31 b Fs(REPLY)p Ft(.)630 1691 y(The)42 b Fq(commands)j |
17345e5a | 5565 | Ft(are)d(executed)h(after)g(eac)m(h)g(selection)h(un)m(til)e(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
5566 | Fs(break)d Ft(command)i(is)630 1801 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p) |
5567 | s(oin)m(t)g(the)h Fs(select)d Ft(command)i(completes.)630 | |
5568 | 1936 y(Here)39 b(is)g(an)g(example)h(that)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(user)f | |
5569 | (to)i(pic)m(k)f(a)g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630 | |
5570 | 2046 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f | |
5571 | (index)f(of)i(the)g(\014le)f(selected.)870 2181 y Fs(select)46 | |
5572 | b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 2291 y(do)870 2400 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f | |
5573 | ($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 2510 y(break;)870 2620 y(done)150 | |
5574 | 2781 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 2916 y(\(\()h Fi(expression)56 | |
5575 | b Fs(\)\))630 3051 y Ft(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fq(expression)f | |
5576 | Ft(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s | |
5577 | (ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 3161 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f | |
5578 | (Arithmetic],)i(page)f(80\).)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 | |
5579 | b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g(expression)g(is)630 3271 y(non-zero,)27 | |
5580 | b(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)g(0;)h(otherwise)f(the)g(return)e(status)i | |
5581 | (is)g(1.)39 b(This)25 b(is)g(exactly)630 3380 y(equiv)-5 | |
5582 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)870 3516 y Fs(let)47 b(")p Fi(expression)11 | |
5583 | b Fs(")630 3651 y Ft(See)25 b(Section)h(4.2)h([Bash)e(Builtins],)i | |
5584 | (page)f(43,)i(for)c(a)i(full)f(description)g(of)g(the)h | |
5585 | Fs(let)e Ft(builtin.)150 3812 y Fs([[...)o(]])870 3948 | |
5586 | y([[)47 b Fi(expression)56 b Fs(]])630 4083 y Ft(Return)25 | |
17345e5a JA |
5587 | b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s(ending)e(on)h(the)h(ev)-5 |
5588 | b(aluation)27 b(of)e(the)h(conditional)h(expres-)630 | |
495aee44 | 5589 | 4193 y(sion)j Fq(expression)p Ft(.)41 b(Expressions)29 |
17345e5a | 5590 | b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m |
495aee44 CR |
5591 | (w)h(in)630 4302 y(Section)36 b(6.4)h([Bash)f(Conditional)g |
5592 | (Expressions],)h(page)f(78.)57 b(W)-8 b(ord)36 b(splitting)h(and)e | |
5593 | (\014le-)630 4412 y(name)24 b(expansion)h(are)g(not)f(p)s(erformed)f | |
17345e5a | 5594 | (on)h(the)h(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g(`)p Fs([[)p |
495aee44 | 5595 | Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(]])p Ft(';)i(tilde)630 4521 y(expansion,)31 |
17345e5a | 5596 | b(parameter)g(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(arithmetic)g |
495aee44 | 5597 | (expansion,)g(command)630 4631 y(substitution,)40 b(pro)s(cess)f |
17345e5a | 5598 | (substitution,)h(and)e(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)40 b(are)f(p)s |
495aee44 | 5599 | (erformed.)63 b(Condi-)630 4740 y(tional)32 b(op)s(erators)e(suc)m(h)g |
17345e5a | 5600 | (as)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(unquoted)g(to)h(b)s(e)e |
495aee44 CR |
5601 | (recognized)j(as)f(primaries.)630 4876 y(When)g(used)f(with)g(`)p |
5602 | Fs([[)p Ft(',)i(the)f(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(>)p | |
5603 | Ft(')h(op)s(erators)g(sort)h(lexicographically)h(using)e(the)630 | |
5604 | 4985 y(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale.)630 5121 y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p | |
17345e5a JA |
5605 | Fs(==)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(!=)p Ft(')g(op)s(erators)h(are)g(used,)g |
5606 | (the)g(string)f(to)i(the)e(righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator)630 | |
495aee44 | 5607 | 5230 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h(pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)h(according) |
17345e5a | 5608 | g(to)g(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630 |
495aee44 CR |
5609 | 5340 y(Section)37 b(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)j(page)c(26.) |
5610 | 59 b(If)36 b(the)g(shell)g(option)h Fs(nocasematch)p | |
5611 | eop end | |
5612 | %%Page: 13 19 | |
5613 | TeXDict begin 13 18 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5614 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(13)630 299 | |
5615 | y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Fs(shopt)d Ft(in)i(Section)h | |
5616 | (4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 b(page)d(57\))630 | |
5617 | 408 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g | |
5618 | (regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)630 518 | |
5619 | y(c)m(haracters.)h(The)28 b(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)g(0)g(if)g | |
5620 | (the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h(\(`)p Fs(==)p Ft('\))f(or)g(do)s(es)f(not) | |
5621 | h(matc)m(h)630 628 y(\(`)p Fs(!=)p Ft('\)the)33 b(pattern,)g(and)f(1)g | |
5622 | (otherwise.)47 b(An)m(y)32 b(part)g(of)h(the)f(pattern)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s | |
5623 | (e)f(quoted)g(to)630 737 y(force)f(it)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(as)f | |
5624 | (a)h(string.)630 867 y(An)i(additional)i(binary)e(op)s(erator,)i(`)p | |
17345e5a | 5625 | Fs(=~)p Ft(',)g(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)37 b(with)c(the)h(same)g |
495aee44 | 5626 | (precedence)h(as)630 976 y(`)p Fs(==)p Ft(')29 b(and)f(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
5627 | Fs(!=)p Ft('.)40 b(When)29 b(it)g(is)g(used,)f(the)h(string)g(to)h(the) |
5628 | e(righ)m(t)i(of)f(the)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(consid-)630 | |
495aee44 | 5629 | 1086 y(ered)34 b(an)g(extended)g(regular)g(expression)g(and)f(matc)m |
0001803f | 5630 | (hed)i(accordingly)g(\(as)f(in)g Fk(r)-5 b(e)g(gex)11 |
495aee44 | 5631 | b Ft(3\)\).)630 1196 y(The)29 b(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 |
17345e5a | 5632 | b(is)g(0)g(if)f(the)h(string)g(matc)m(hes)g(the)g(pattern,)g(and)f(1)h |
495aee44 | 5633 | (otherwise.)41 b(If)29 b(the)630 1305 y(regular)e(expression)g(is)h |
17345e5a | 5634 | (syn)m(tactically)i(incorrect,)f(the)e(conditional)i(expression's)e |
495aee44 | 5635 | (return)630 1415 y(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(2.)68 b(If)39 |
17345e5a | 5636 | b(the)h(shell)f(option)h Fs(nocasematch)d Ft(\(see)j(the)g(description) |
495aee44 CR |
5637 | g(of)f Fs(shopt)f Ft(in)630 1524 y(Section)32 b(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f |
5638 | (Builtin],)i(page)g(57\))g(is)f(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s | |
5639 | (erformed)630 1634 y(without)36 b(regard)g(to)h(the)f(case)h(of)f | |
17345e5a | 5640 | (alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)59 b(An)m(y)36 b(part)g(of)h(the)f |
495aee44 | 5641 | (pattern)630 1744 y(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(quoted)g(to)g(force)g(it)h(to)f(b) |
17345e5a | 5642 | s(e)f(matc)m(hed)i(as)f(a)g(string.)57 b(Substrings)34 |
495aee44 | 5643 | b(matc)m(hed)j(b)m(y)630 1853 y(paren)m(thesized)44 b(sub)s |
17345e5a | 5644 | (expressions)e(within)i(the)g(regular)g(expression)g(are)g(sa)m(v)m(ed) |
495aee44 CR |
5645 | h(in)f(the)630 1963 y(arra)m(y)38 b(v)-5 b(ariable)38 |
5646 | b Fs(BASH_REMATCH)p Ft(.)59 b(The)36 b(elemen)m(t)j(of)f | |
5647 | Fs(BASH_REMATCH)c Ft(with)j(index)g(0)h(is)630 2072 y(the)c(p)s(ortion) | |
5648 | f(of)h(the)f(string)h(matc)m(hing)g(the)g(en)m(tire)h(regular)e | |
5649 | (expression.)50 b(The)33 b(elemen)m(t)630 2182 y(of)39 | |
5650 | b Fs(BASH_REMATCH)c Ft(with)j(index)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(the)f(p)s(ortion)g | |
5651 | (of)h(the)f(string)h(matc)m(hing)g(the)g Fq(n)p Ft(th)630 | |
5652 | 2292 y(paren)m(thesized)31 b(sub)s(expression.)630 2421 | |
5653 | y(Expressions)23 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined)i(using)f(the)h(follo)m | |
5654 | (wing)h(op)s(erators,)g(listed)f(in)f(decreasing)630 | |
5655 | 2531 y(order)30 b(of)g(precedence:)630 2681 y Fs(\()g | |
5656 | Fi(expression)38 b Fs(\))1110 2790 y Ft(Returns)30 b(the)h(v)-5 | |
5657 | b(alue)31 b(of)g Fq(expression)p Ft(.)42 b(This)30 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e | |
5658 | (used)g(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)g(the)1110 2900 y(normal)e(precedence)h(of) | |
5659 | g(op)s(erators.)630 3049 y Fs(!)f Fi(expression)1110 | |
5660 | 3159 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(expression)g Ft(is)h(false.)630 | |
5661 | 3309 y Fi(expression1)38 b Fs(&&)30 b Fi(expression2)1110 | |
5662 | 3418 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g Fq(expression1)38 | |
5663 | b Ft(and)29 b Fq(expression2)38 b Ft(are)31 b(true.)630 | |
5664 | 3568 y Fi(expression1)38 b Fs(||)30 b Fi(expression2)1110 | |
5665 | 3678 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(either)h Fq(expression1)38 | |
5666 | b Ft(or)30 b Fq(expression2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(true.)630 | |
5667 | 3827 y(The)25 b Fs(&&)g Ft(and)g Fs(||)f Ft(op)s(erators)i(do)f(not)h | |
5668 | (ev)-5 b(aluate)27 b Fq(expression2)33 b Ft(if)26 b(the)f(v)-5 | |
5669 | b(alue)26 b(of)g Fq(expression1)630 3937 y Ft(is)k(su\016cien)m(t)h(to) | |
5670 | g(determine)g(the)f(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)h(en)m(tire)g | |
5671 | (conditional)h(expression.)150 4126 y Fj(3.2.4.3)63 b(Grouping)43 | |
5672 | b(Commands)150 4273 y Ft(Bash)30 b(pro)m(vides)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(a)m | |
5673 | (ys)f(to)h(group)e(a)h(list)g(of)g(commands)f(to)i(b)s(e)e(executed)h | |
5674 | (as)g(a)h(unit.)40 b(When)29 b(com-)150 4383 y(mands)h(are)i(group)s | |
5675 | (ed,)f(redirections)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(applied)i(to)g(the)f(en)m(tire)h | |
5676 | (command)g(list.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)150 4493 | |
5677 | y(the)f(output)f(of)g(all)h(the)g(commands)f(in)g(the)h(list)g(ma)m(y)g | |
5678 | (b)s(e)e(redirected)i(to)g(a)g(single)g(stream.)150 4642 | |
5679 | y Fs(\(\))870 4772 y(\()47 b Fi(list)58 b Fs(\))630 4902 | |
5680 | y Ft(Placing)30 b(a)f(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(paren)m | |
5681 | (theses)e(causes)i(a)f(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)630 | |
5682 | 5011 y(to)k(b)s(e)e(created)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d | |
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5684 | y(and)d(eac)m(h)i(of)e(the)h(commands)f(in)g Fq(list)j | |
17345e5a | 5685 | Ft(to)f(b)s(e)e(executed)h(in)f(that)h(subshell.)39 b(Since)28 |
495aee44 | 5686 | b(the)f Fq(list)630 5230 y Ft(is)i(executed)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 5687 | b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)g(remain)f(in)g(e\013ect)j |
495aee44 | 5688 | (after)e(the)630 5340 y(subshell)g(completes.)p eop end |
17345e5a JA |
5689 | %%Page: 14 20 |
5690 | TeXDict begin 14 19 bop 150 -116 a Ft(14)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
495aee44 CR |
5691 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs({})870 436 y({)47 |
5692 | b Fi(list)11 b Fs(;)46 b(})630 574 y Ft(Placing)30 b(a)g(list)g(of)g | |
5693 | (commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(curly)f(braces)g(causes)h(the)f(list)h | |
5694 | (to)g(b)s(e)f(executed)630 683 y(in)d(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)f(con)m | |
5695 | (text.)42 b(No)27 b(subshell)f(is)g(created.)41 b(The)26 | |
5696 | b(semicolon)i(\(or)f(newline\))630 793 y(follo)m(wing)32 | |
5697 | b Fq(list)h Ft(is)d(required.)275 961 y(In)44 b(addition)h(to)h(the)f | |
5698 | (creation)i(of)e(a)g(subshell,)j(there)e(is)f(a)g(subtle)g | |
5699 | (di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(these)150 1071 y(t)m(w)m(o)c | |
5700 | (constructs)e(due)g(to)g(historical)i(reasons.)67 b(The)39 | |
5701 | b(braces)g(are)h Fs(reserved)28 b(words)p Ft(,)40 b(so)g(they)f(m)m | |
5702 | (ust)150 1180 y(b)s(e)d(separated)h(from)f(the)g Fq(list)j | |
5703 | Ft(b)m(y)e Fs(blank)p Ft(s)e(or)h(other)h(shell)f(metac)m(haracters.)62 | |
5704 | b(The)36 b(paren)m(theses)h(are)150 1290 y Fs(operators)p | |
5705 | Ft(,)23 b(and)h(are)g(recognized)i(as)e(separate)i(tok)m(ens)f(b)m(y)f | |
5706 | (the)g(shell)h(ev)m(en)g(if)f(they)g(are)h(not)f(separated)150 | |
5707 | 1400 y(from)30 b(the)g Fq(list)j Ft(b)m(y)e(whitespace.)275 | |
5708 | 1540 y(The)e(exit)j(status)e(of)h(b)s(oth)f(of)g(these)h(constructs)g | |
5709 | (is)f(the)h(exit)g(status)f(of)h Fq(list)r Ft(.)150 1745 | |
5710 | y Fj(3.2.5)63 b(Copro)s(cesses)150 1892 y Ft(A)37 b Fs(coprocess)c | |
5711 | Ft(is)k(a)g(shell)f(command)h(preceded)f(b)m(y)g(the)h | |
5712 | Fs(coproc)d Ft(reserv)m(ed)j(w)m(ord.)59 b(A)36 b(copro)s(cess)h(is)150 | |
5713 | 2002 y(executed)g(async)m(hronously)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(as)g(if)g | |
5714 | (the)f(command)h(had)f(b)s(een)f(terminated)i(with)g(the)150 | |
5715 | 2111 y(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')d(con)m(trol)h(op)s(erator,)g(with)f(a)g(t)m(w)m | |
5716 | (o-w)m(a)m(y)i(pip)s(e)d(established)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f | |
5717 | (executing)h(shell)f(and)f(the)150 2221 y(copro)s(cess.)275 | |
5718 | 2361 y(The)c(format)i(for)f(a)h(copro)s(cess)g(is:)390 | |
5719 | 2502 y Fs(coproc)46 b([)p Fi(NAME)11 b Fs(])46 b Fi(command)56 | |
5720 | b Fs([)p Fi(redirections)11 b Fs(])150 2642 y Ft(This)41 | |
0001803f CR |
5721 | b(creates)i(a)g(copro)s(cess)f(named)f Fq(NAME)5 b Ft(.)43 |
5722 | b(If)f Fq(NAME)47 b Ft(is)42 b(not)g(supplied,)i(the)e(default)g(name)g | |
495aee44 | 5723 | (is)150 2752 y Fq(COPR)m(OC)8 b Ft(.)22 b Fq(NAME)29 |
0001803f CR |
5724 | b Ft(m)m(ust)23 b(not)g(b)s(e)g(supplied)e(if)i Fq(command)k |
5725 | Ft(is)c(a)g(simple)g(command)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.1)150 | |
495aee44 | 5726 | 2861 y([Simple)39 b(Commands],)h(page)g(8\);)k(otherwise,)e(it)d(is)g |
0001803f | 5727 | (in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(the)g(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)h(of)g(the)g(simple)150 |
495aee44 | 5728 | 2971 y(command.)275 3111 y(When)23 b(the)h(copro)s(c)g(is)g(executed,)i |
17345e5a | 5729 | (the)e(shell)g(creates)h(an)e(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)24 |
495aee44 CR |
5730 | b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)h([Arra)m(ys],)150 3221 y(page)43 |
5731 | b(82\))g(named)f Fq(NAME)48 b Ft(in)42 b(the)g(con)m(text)i(of)e(the)h | |
17345e5a | 5732 | (executing)g(shell.)76 b(The)42 b(standard)f(output)h(of)150 |
495aee44 | 5733 | 3330 y Fq(command)d Ft(is)d(connected)h(via)g(a)f(pip)s(e)g(to)g(a)h |
17345e5a | 5734 | (\014le)f(descriptor)g(in)f(the)i(executing)g(shell,)h(and)d(that)i |
495aee44 | 5735 | (\014le)150 3440 y(descriptor)25 b(is)f(assigned)h(to)h |
17345e5a JA |
5736 | Fq(NAME)5 b Ft([0].)40 b(The)25 b(standard)e(input)h(of)h |
5737 | Fq(command)j Ft(is)d(connected)g(via)h(a)f(pip)s(e)150 | |
495aee44 | 5738 | 3550 y(to)33 b(a)f(\014le)g(descriptor)g(in)f(the)i(executing)g(shell,) |
17345e5a | 5739 | f(and)g(that)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g(is)g(assigned)g(to)h |
495aee44 | 5740 | Fq(NAME)5 b Ft([1].)150 3659 y(This)31 b(pip)s(e)g(is)h(established)g |
17345e5a | 5741 | (b)s(efore)g(an)m(y)g(redirections)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)f(the)i |
495aee44 CR |
5742 | (command)e(\(see)i(Section)g(3.6)150 3769 y([Redirections],)25 |
5743 | b(page)e(27\).)39 b(The)21 b(\014le)h(descriptors)g(can)g(b)s(e)f | |
17345e5a | 5744 | (utilized)i(as)f(argumen)m(ts)h(to)f(shell)g(commands)150 |
495aee44 CR |
5745 | 3878 y(and)30 b(redirections)h(using)f(standard)f(w)m(ord)h |
5746 | (expansions.)275 4019 y(The)d(pro)s(cess)h(ID)h(of)f(the)h(shell)f(spa) | |
5747 | m(wned)g(to)h(execute)h(the)e(copro)s(cess)h(is)f(a)m(v)-5 | |
5748 | b(ailable)31 b(as)d(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)150 4128 | |
5749 | y(the)d(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b Fq(NAME)p 931 4128 28 4 v | |
5750 | 46 w Ft(PID.)g(The)f Fs(wait)g Ft(builtin)g(command)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f | |
5751 | (used)g(to)i(w)m(ait)f(for)g(the)g(copro)s(cess)150 4238 | |
5752 | y(to)31 b(terminate.)275 4378 y(The)e(return)h(status)g(of)h(a)g(copro) | |
5753 | s(cess)f(is)h(the)f(exit)i(status)e(of)h Fq(command)t | |
5754 | Ft(.)150 4583 y Fj(3.2.6)63 b(GNU)41 b(P)m(arallel)150 | |
5755 | 4730 y Ft(GNU)36 b(P)m(arallel,)k(as)c(its)g(name)g(suggests,)i(can)e | |
5756 | (b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(build)f(and)g(run)g(commands)g(in)h(parallel.)150 | |
5757 | 4840 y(Y)-8 b(ou)41 b(ma)m(y)g(run)e(the)h(same)h(command)f(with)g | |
5758 | (di\013eren)m(t)h(argumen)m(ts,)j(whether)39 b(they)i(are)g | |
5759 | (\014lenames,)150 4950 y(usernames,)30 b(hostnames,)h(or)f(lines)h | |
5760 | (read)f(from)g(\014les.)275 5090 y(F)-8 b(or)33 b(a)g(complete)h | |
5761 | (description,)g(refer)e(to)i(the)f(GNU)g(P)m(arallel)i(do)s(cumen)m | |
5762 | (tation.)48 b(A)33 b(few)f(examples)150 5200 y(should)d(pro)m(vide)i(a) | |
5763 | g(brief)e(in)m(tro)s(duction)i(to)g(its)g(use.)275 5340 | |
5764 | y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(it)g(is)f(easy)h(to)g(pre\014x)f(eac)m(h)h | |
5765 | (line)g(in)f(a)h(text)g(\014le)g(with)f(a)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(string:)p | |
5766 | eop end | |
5767 | %%Page: 15 21 | |
5768 | TeXDict begin 15 20 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5769 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(15)390 299 | |
5770 | y Fs(cat)47 b(file)g(|)g(parallel)f(-k)h(echo)f(prefix_string)150 | |
5771 | 432 y Ft(The)30 b(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(required)g(to)h | |
5772 | (preserv)m(e)g(the)f(lines')h(order.)275 565 y(Similarly)-8 | |
5773 | b(,)31 b(y)m(ou)g(can)f(app)s(end)f(a)i(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(string)i(to)g | |
5774 | (eac)m(h)g(line)g(in)f(a)h(text)g(\014le:)390 697 y Fs(cat)47 | |
5775 | b(file)g(|)g(parallel)f(-k)h(echo)f({})i(append_string)275 | |
5776 | 830 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)g(use)f(P)m(arallel)j(to)e(mo)m(v)m(e)h | |
5777 | (\014les)f(from)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(directory)h(when)f(the)h(n)m(um)m | |
5778 | (b)s(er)e(of)i(\014les)150 940 y(is)c(to)s(o)i(large)f(to)g(pro)s(cess) | |
5779 | f(with)g(one)h Fs(mv)f Ft(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation:)390 1073 | |
5780 | y Fs(ls)47 b(|)h(parallel)d(mv)i({})h(destdir)275 1205 | |
5781 | y Ft(As)35 b(y)m(ou)h(can)f(see,)j(the)d Fs({})g Ft(is)g(replaced)h | |
5782 | (with)f(eac)m(h)i(line)f(read)f(from)g(standard)f(input.)55 | |
5783 | b(This)35 b(will)150 1315 y(run)f(as)h(man)m(y)g Fs(mv)g | |
5784 | Ft(commands)g(as)g(there)h(are)f(\014les)g(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f | |
5785 | (directory)-8 b(.)56 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)h(em)m(ulate)h(a)150 | |
5786 | 1425 y(parallel)31 b Fs(xargs)e Ft(b)m(y)i(adding)f(the)g(`)p | |
5787 | Fs(-X)p Ft(')g(option:)390 1557 y Fs(ls)47 b(|)h(parallel)d(-X)i(mv)h | |
5788 | ({})f(destdir)275 1690 y Ft(GNU)31 b(P)m(arallel)i(can)e(replace)h | |
5789 | (certain)g(common)g(idioms)f(that)g(op)s(erate)h(on)f(lines)g(read)g | |
5790 | (from)f(a)i(\014le)150 1800 y(\(in)e(this)h(case,)g(\014lenames\):)390 | |
5791 | 1933 y Fs(for)47 b(x)g(in)h($\(cat)e(list\);)g(do)390 | |
5792 | 2042 y(do-something1)e($x)j(config-$x)390 2152 y(do-something2)d(<)k | |
5793 | ($x)390 2262 y(done)f(|)g(process-output)150 2394 y Ft(with)30 | |
5794 | b(a)h(more)f(compact)i(syn)m(tax)f(reminiscen)m(t)g(of)g(lam)m(b)s | |
5795 | (das:)390 2527 y Fs(cat)47 b(list)g(|)g(parallel)f("do-something1)d({}) | |
5796 | 48 b(config-{})d(;)i(do-something2)e(<)i({}")g(|)g(process-output)275 | |
5797 | 2660 y Ft(P)m(arallel)31 b(pro)m(vides)e(a)h(built-in)g(mec)m(hanism)g | |
5798 | (to)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(\014lename)e(extensions,)i(whic)m(h)e(lends)g | |
5799 | (itself)150 2770 y(to)i(batc)m(h)g(\014le)g(transformations)f(or)g | |
5800 | (renaming:)390 2902 y Fs(ls)47 b(*.gz)g(|)g(parallel)f(-j+0)g("zcat)h | |
5801 | ({})g(|)g(bzip2)g(>{.}.bz2)e(&&)j(rm)f({}")150 3035 y | |
5802 | Ft(This)28 b(will)i(recompress)e(all)i(\014les)f(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t) | |
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5804 | 3145 y(running)g(one)h(job)g(p)s(er)g(CPU)g(\(-j)p Fs(+)p | |
5805 | Ft(0\))h(in)f(parallel.)275 3278 y(If)24 b(a)i(command)f(generates)h | |
5806 | (output,)g(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(preserv)m(e)g(the)f | |
5807 | (input)f(order)h(in)g(the)g(output.)150 3387 y(F)-8 b(or)31 | |
5808 | b(instance,)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(command)390 3520 y | |
5809 | Fs({)47 b(echo)g(foss.org.my)e(;)i(echo)g(debian.org;)e(echo)h | |
5810 | (freenetproject.org;)d(})k(|)h(parallel)d(traceroute)150 | |
5811 | 3653 y Ft(will)28 b(displa)m(y)g(as)f(output)g(the)h(traceroute)h(in)m | |
5812 | (v)m(o)s(cation)h(that)e(\014nishes)e(\014rst.)39 b(Using)28 | |
5813 | b(the)g(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft(')f(option,)i(as)150 3763 y(w)m(e)i(sa)m(w)g(ab) | |
5814 | s(o)m(v)m(e)390 3895 y Fs({)47 b(echo)g(foss.org.my)e(;)i(echo)g | |
5815 | (debian.org;)e(echo)h(freenetproject.org;)d(})k(|)h(parallel)d(-k)i | |
5816 | (traceroute)150 4028 y Ft(will)31 b(ensure)e(that)i(the)g(output)f(of)g | |
5817 | Fs(traceroute)e(foss.org.my)f Ft(is)k(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(\014rst.)150 | |
5818 | 4257 y Fr(3.3)68 b(Shell)45 b(F)-11 b(unctions)150 4417 | |
5819 | y Ft(Shell)35 b(functions)h(are)g(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(group)e | |
0001803f | 5820 | (commands)g(for)h(later)g(execution)h(using)e(a)h(single)g(name)g(for) |
495aee44 | 5821 | 150 4526 y(the)f(group.)55 b(They)35 b(are)g(executed)h(just)f(lik)m(e) |
0001803f | 5822 | h(a)g Fs(")p Ft(regular)p Fs(")f Ft(command.)54 b(When)35 |
495aee44 | 5823 | b(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)h(shell)150 4636 y(function)j(is)g(used)f(as)h(a) |
17345e5a | 5824 | h(simple)f(command)g(name,)i(the)e(list)h(of)f(commands)g(asso)s |
495aee44 | 5825 | (ciated)i(with)d(that)150 4746 y(function)25 b(name)h(is)g(executed.)40 |
17345e5a | 5826 | b(Shell)25 b(functions)g(are)i(executed)f(in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g |
495aee44 CR |
5827 | (shell)g(con)m(text;)j(no)c(new)150 4855 y(pro)s(cess)30 |
5828 | b(is)g(created)i(to)f(in)m(terpret)g(them.)275 4988 y(F)-8 | |
0001803f | 5829 | b(unctions)30 b(are)h(declared)g(using)f(this)g(syn)m(tax:)390 |
495aee44 CR |
5830 | 5121 y Fi(name)57 b Fs(\(\))47 b Fi(compound-command)54 |
5831 | b Fs([)48 b Fi(redirections)55 b Fs(])390 5230 y(or)p | |
5832 | eop end | |
5833 | %%Page: 16 22 | |
5834 | TeXDict begin 16 21 bop 150 -116 a Ft(16)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
5835 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(function)46 b Fi(name)57 | |
5836 | b Fs([\(\)])46 b Fi(compound-command)54 b Fs([)48 b Fi(redirections)55 | |
5837 | b Fs(])275 430 y Ft(This)31 b(de\014nes)h(a)g(shell)h(function)f(named) | |
5838 | g Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)47 b(The)32 b(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)f | |
5839 | Fs(function)e Ft(is)i(optional.)48 b(If)150 540 y(the)39 | |
17345e5a JA |
5840 | b Fs(function)f Ft(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(is)g(supplied,)i(the)e |
5841 | (paren)m(theses)h(are)f(optional.)69 b(The)39 b Fq(b)s(o)s(dy)45 | |
495aee44 CR |
5842 | b Ft(of)40 b(the)150 650 y(function)h(is)h(the)g(comp)s(ound)e(command) |
5843 | h Fq(comp)s(ound-command)j Ft(\(see)e(Section)h(3.2.4)g([Comp)s(ound) | |
5844 | 150 759 y(Commands],)33 b(page)g(9\).)48 b(That)33 b(command)g(is)f | |
5845 | (usually)h(a)g Fq(list)i Ft(enclosed)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h | |
5846 | Fs({)e Ft(and)g Fs(})p Ft(,)h(but)f(ma)m(y)150 869 y(b)s(e)27 | |
5847 | b(an)m(y)h(comp)s(ound)e(command)h(listed)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)41 | |
5848 | b Fq(comp)s(ound-command)30 b Ft(is)e(executed)g(whenev)m(er)g | |
5849 | Fq(name)150 978 y Ft(is)37 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g(the)h(name)f(of)g(a) | |
5850 | h(command.)61 b(An)m(y)37 b(redirections)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)g | |
5851 | ([Redirections],)150 1088 y(page)31 b(27\))h(asso)s(ciated)g(with)e | |
17345e5a | 5852 | (the)g(shell)h(function)f(are)h(p)s(erformed)d(when)i(the)g(function)g |
495aee44 | 5853 | (is)h(executed.)275 1219 y(A)41 b(function)f(de\014nition)h(ma)m(y)g(b) |
17345e5a | 5854 | s(e)g(deleted)g(using)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f |
495aee44 CR |
5855 | Fs(unset)e Ft(builtin)i(\(see)150 1329 y(Section)31 b(4.1)h([Bourne)e |
5856 | (Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)h(37\).)275 1461 y(The)26 | |
17345e5a JA |
5857 | b(exit)i(status)g(of)f(a)h(function)f(de\014nition)g(is)g(zero)h |
5858 | (unless)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs)g(or)g(a)h(readonly)150 | |
495aee44 | 5859 | 1570 y(function)k(with)f(the)i(same)f(name)g(already)h(exists.)46 |
17345e5a | 5860 | b(When)32 b(executed,)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(a)g(function)150 |
495aee44 CR |
5861 | 1680 y(is)e(the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)f(the)h(last)g(command)f(executed) |
5862 | i(in)e(the)g(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(.)275 1811 y(Note)22 b(that)f(for)f | |
5863 | (historical)i(reasons,)h(in)e(the)g(most)g(common)g(usage)g(the)g | |
5864 | (curly)f(braces)h(that)g(surround)150 1921 y(the)38 b(b)s(o)s(dy)d(of)j | |
5865 | (the)f(function)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(separated)h(from)f(the)g(b)s(o)s | |
5866 | (dy)f(b)m(y)h Fs(blank)p Ft(s)f(or)h(newlines.)62 b(This)150 | |
5867 | 2030 y(is)38 b(b)s(ecause)g(the)h(braces)f(are)h(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m | |
5868 | (ords)g(and)f(are)i(only)f(recognized)i(as)e(suc)m(h)g(when)f(they)i | |
5869 | (are)150 2140 y(separated)26 b(from)f(the)h(command)f(list)i(b)m(y)e | |
5870 | (whitespace)h(or)g(another)g(shell)g(metac)m(haracter.)41 | |
5871 | b(Also,)28 b(when)150 2250 y(using)i(the)g(braces,)h(the)g | |
5872 | Fq(list)i Ft(m)m(ust)d(b)s(e)g(terminated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(semicolon,)h(a) | |
5873 | e(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(',)h(or)g(a)f(newline.)275 2381 y(When)i(a)i(function)f | |
5874 | (is)g(executed,)i(the)e(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)f(function)g(b)s(ecome) | |
5875 | g(the)h(p)s(ositional)g(pa-)150 2491 y(rameters)42 b(during)e(its)i | |
17345e5a | 5876 | (execution)h(\(see)f(Section)g(3.4.1)h([P)m(ositional)h(P)m |
495aee44 | 5877 | (arameters],)i(page)c(17\).)75 b(The)150 2600 y(sp)s(ecial)37 |
17345e5a JA |
5878 | b(parameter)f(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(')g(that)h(expands)e(to)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b) |
5879 | s(er)f(of)h(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)f(is)g(up)s(dated)f(to)150 | |
495aee44 | 5880 | 2710 y(re\015ect)h(the)f(c)m(hange.)56 b(Sp)s(ecial)35 |
17345e5a | 5881 | b(parameter)h Fs(0)f Ft(is)g(unc)m(hanged.)54 b(The)35 |
495aee44 | 5882 | b(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t)j(of)e(the)g Fs(FUNCNAME)150 2819 |
0001803f CR |
5883 | y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)f(to)i(the)e(name)h(of)f(the)h |
5884 | (function)f(while)g(the)h(function)f(is)g(executing.)275 | |
495aee44 | 5885 | 2951 y(All)25 b(other)g(asp)s(ects)g(of)g(the)g(shell)g(execution)h(en) |
0001803f | 5886 | m(vironmen)m(t)g(are)f(iden)m(tical)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(a)f(function)g |
495aee44 | 5887 | (and)150 3061 y(its)35 b(caller)i(with)d(these)i(exceptions:)50 |
0001803f | 5888 | b(the)36 b Fs(DEBUG)d Ft(and)h Fs(RETURN)g Ft(traps)g(are)i(not)f |
495aee44 | 5889 | (inherited)f(unless)h(the)150 3170 y(function)26 b(has)g(b)s(een)f(giv) |
0001803f CR |
5890 | m(en)i(the)g Fs(trace)d Ft(attribute)j(using)f(the)g |
5891 | Fs(declare)e Ft(builtin)i(or)g(the)h Fs(-o)i(functrace)150 | |
495aee44 | 5892 | 3280 y Ft(option)f(has)e(b)s(een)h(enabled)g(with)g(the)g |
0001803f | 5893 | Fs(set)f Ft(builtin,)i(\(in)f(whic)m(h)f(case)j(all)f(functions)e |
495aee44 | 5894 | (inherit)h(the)g Fs(DEBUG)150 3389 y Ft(and)33 b Fs(RETURN)f |
0001803f CR |
5895 | Ft(traps\),)j(and)e(the)h Fs(ERR)f Ft(trap)h(is)g(not)g(inherited)f |
5896 | (unless)g(the)h Fs(-o)c(errtrace)h Ft(shell)j(option)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
5897 | 3499 y(has)h(b)s(een)f(enabled.)55 b(See)35 b(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f |
5898 | (Shell)g(Builtins],)i(page)f(37,)i(for)c(the)i(description)f(of)150 | |
5899 | 3608 y(the)c Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin.)275 3740 y(The)38 | |
5900 | b Fs(FUNCNEST)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)42 b(if)d(set)h(to)g(a)g(n)m(umeric) | |
5901 | f(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(greater)h(than)f(0,)j(de\014nes)d(a)g(maxim)m(um)150 | |
5902 | 3850 y(function)24 b(nesting)h(lev)m(el.)40 b(F)-8 b(unction)25 | |
5903 | b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cations)i(that)e(exceed)g(the)g(limit)g(cause)g(the)g | |
5904 | (en)m(tire)g(command)150 3959 y(to)31 b(ab)s(ort.)275 | |
5905 | 4091 y(If)37 b(the)g(builtin)g(command)h Fs(return)d | |
5906 | Ft(is)j(executed)g(in)g(a)g(function,)h(the)e(function)h(completes)h | |
5907 | (and)150 4200 y(execution)25 b(resumes)e(with)h(the)g(next)g(command)f | |
5908 | (after)i(the)f(function)f(call.)40 b(An)m(y)24 b(command)f(asso)s | |
5909 | (ciated)150 4310 y(with)36 b(the)h Fs(RETURN)d Ft(trap)i(is)h(executed) | |
5910 | g(b)s(efore)f(execution)i(resumes.)57 b(When)37 b(a)f(function)g | |
5911 | (completes,)150 4419 y(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(of)f(the)g(p)s | |
5912 | (ositional)h(parameters)f(and)g(the)g(sp)s(ecial)h(parameter)f(`)p | |
5913 | Fs(#)p Ft(')g(are)h(restored)f(to)h(the)150 4529 y(v)-5 | |
5914 | b(alues)26 b(they)f(had)g(prior)f(to)i(the)g(function's)f(execution.)40 | |
5915 | b(If)25 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(giv)m(en)h(to)g | |
5916 | Fs(return)p Ft(,)150 4639 y(that)j(is)g(the)f(function's)h(return)e | |
5917 | (status;)j(otherwise)f(the)f(function's)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(the)h | |
5918 | (exit)h(status)150 4748 y(of)h(the)f(last)h(command)f(executed)i(b)s | |
5919 | (efore)e(the)g Fs(return)p Ft(.)275 4880 y(V)-8 b(ariables)31 | |
5920 | b(lo)s(cal)g(to)f(the)g(function)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(declared)h(with)f | |
5921 | (the)h Fs(local)f Ft(builtin.)40 b(These)29 b(v)-5 b(ariables)150 | |
5922 | 4989 y(are)31 b(visible)g(only)f(to)h(the)g(function)f(and)g(the)g | |
5923 | (commands)g(it)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es.)275 5121 y(F)-8 b(unction)38 | |
5924 | b(names)f(and)g(de\014nitions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(listed)h(with)f(the)h | |
5925 | (`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)h(the)e Fs(declare)f | |
5926 | Ft(or)150 5230 y Fs(typeset)d Ft(builtin)h(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)g | |
5927 | (4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)i(page)f(43\).)55 b(The)35 | |
5928 | b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)150 5340 y Fs(declare)f | |
5929 | Ft(or)i Fs(typeset)e Ft(will)i(list)h(the)f(function)g(names)g(only)g | |
5930 | (\(and)g(optionally)h(the)f(source)g(\014le)h(and)p eop | |
5931 | end | |
5932 | %%Page: 17 23 | |
5933 | TeXDict begin 17 22 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
5934 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(17)150 299 | |
5935 | y(line)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(if)f(the)h Fs(extdebug)e | |
17345e5a | 5936 | Ft(shell)i(option)g(is)g(enabled\).)49 b(F)-8 b(unctions)33 |
495aee44 | 5937 | b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(exp)s(orted)g(so)h(that)150 408 y(subshells)f |
17345e5a JA |
5938 | (automatically)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)d(them)g(de\014ned)e(with)h(the)g(`)p |
5939 | Fs(-f)p Ft(')h(option)g(to)g(the)f Fs(export)f Ft(builtin)h(\(see)150 | |
495aee44 | 5940 | 518 y(Section)g(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)i(page)f(37\).)47 |
17345e5a | 5941 | b(Note)33 b(that)g(shell)f(functions)g(and)f(v)-5 b(ariables)33 |
495aee44 | 5942 | b(with)150 628 y(the)d(same)g(name)g(ma)m(y)g(result)g(in)g(m)m |
0001803f | 5943 | (ultiple)g(iden)m(tically-named)i(en)m(tries)f(in)e(the)h(en)m |
495aee44 | 5944 | (vironmen)m(t)g(passed)150 737 y(to)h(the)g(shell's)f(c)m(hildren.)41 |
17345e5a | 5945 | b(Care)30 b(should)g(b)s(e)f(tak)m(en)j(in)e(cases)h(where)f(this)g(ma) |
495aee44 CR |
5946 | m(y)h(cause)g(a)g(problem.)275 883 y(F)-8 b(unctions)33 |
5947 | b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(recursiv)m(e.)48 b(The)32 b Fs(FUNCNEST)f | |
5948 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(limit)g(the)f | |
5949 | (depth)f(of)150 993 y(the)27 b(function)f(call)i(stac)m(k)h(and)d | |
5950 | (restrict)h(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(function)f(in)m(v)m(o)s | |
5951 | (cations.)42 b(By)27 b(default,)g(no)g(limit)150 1103 | |
5952 | y(is)j(placed)h(on)g(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(recursiv)m(e)f | |
5953 | (calls.)150 1352 y Fr(3.4)68 b(Shell)45 b(P)l(arameters)150 | |
5954 | 1512 y Ft(A)23 b Fq(parameter)31 b Ft(is)23 b(an)g(en)m(tit)m(y)i(that) | |
5955 | f(stores)g(v)-5 b(alues.)39 b(It)23 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(a)g | |
0001803f | 5956 | Fs(name)p Ft(,)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)f(or)h(one)f(of)h(the)f(sp)s |
495aee44 | 5957 | (ecial)150 1621 y(c)m(haracters)i(listed)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)39 |
0001803f CR |
5958 | b(A)24 b Fq(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Ft(is)24 b(a)g(parameter)g(denoted)f(b) |
5959 | m(y)h(a)g Fs(name)p Ft(.)37 b(A)24 b(v)-5 b(ariable)24 | |
495aee44 | 5960 | b(has)f(a)h Fq(v)-5 b(alue)150 1731 y Ft(and)33 b(zero)i(or)e(more)h |
0001803f | 5961 | Fq(attributes)t Ft(.)51 b(A)m(ttributes)34 b(are)g(assigned)g(using)f |
495aee44 | 5962 | (the)h Fs(declare)e Ft(builtin)h(command)150 1841 y(\(see)e(the)g |
0001803f | 5963 | (description)f(of)h(the)f Fs(declare)f Ft(builtin)h(in)g(Section)h(4.2) |
495aee44 | 5964 | g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).)275 1987 y(A)d(parameter)h(is)g |
0001803f CR |
5965 | (set)g(if)f(it)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(assigned)h(a)g(v)-5 |
5966 | b(alue.)40 b(The)28 b(n)m(ull)h(string)f(is)h(a)g(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 5967 | b(alid)28 b(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(Once)150 2096 y(a)31 b(v)-5 |
0001803f | 5968 | b(ariable)31 b(is)f(set,)i(it)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(unset)g(only)h(b)m(y)f |
495aee44 | 5969 | (using)g(the)g Fs(unset)f Ft(builtin)h(command.)275 2242 |
0001803f | 5970 | y(A)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(assigned)g(to)i(b)m(y)e(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
5971 | (statemen)m(t)h(of)e(the)h(form)390 2389 y Fi(name)11 |
5972 | b Fs(=[)p Fi(value)g Fs(])150 2535 y Ft(If)34 b Fq(v)-5 | |
5973 | b(alue)40 b Ft(is)35 b(not)g(giv)m(en,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 | |
17345e5a JA |
5974 | b(is)g(assigned)g(the)f(n)m(ull)h(string.)53 b(All)35 |
5975 | b Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(s)35 b(undergo)f(tilde)h(ex-)150 | |
495aee44 | 5976 | 2644 y(pansion,)h(parameter)f(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)36 |
17345e5a | 5977 | b(expansion,)f(command)g(substitution,)h(arithmetic)g(expansion,)150 |
495aee44 | 5978 | 2754 y(and)k(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)42 b(\(detailed)h(b)s(elo)m(w\).) |
17345e5a | 5979 | 72 b(If)40 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(has)g(its)g Fs(integer)e |
495aee44 | 5980 | Ft(attribute)i(set,)j(then)150 2863 y Fq(v)-5 b(alue)38 |
17345e5a JA |
5981 | b Ft(is)33 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 b(as)f(an)g(arithmetic)h(expression)f |
5982 | (ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h Fs($\(\(...)o(\)\))f Ft(expansion)h(is)g(not)g | |
495aee44 CR |
5983 | (used)150 2973 y(\(see)e(Section)g(3.5.5)i([Arithmetic)e(Expansion],)f |
5984 | (page)h(24\).)42 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(splitting)g(is)g(not)f(p)s | |
5985 | (erformed,)f(with)150 3083 y(the)35 b(exception)h(of)f | |
17345e5a JA |
5986 | Fs("$@")f Ft(as)h(explained)g(b)s(elo)m(w.)54 b(Filename)36 |
5987 | b(expansion)f(is)g(not)g(p)s(erformed.)53 b(Assign-)150 | |
495aee44 | 5988 | 3192 y(men)m(t)33 b(statemen)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)f(also)g(app)s(ear)f(as)g |
17345e5a | 5989 | (argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)g Fs(alias)p Ft(,)e Fs(declare)p |
495aee44 | 5990 | Ft(,)g Fs(typeset)p Ft(,)g Fs(export)p Ft(,)150 3302 |
17345e5a | 5991 | y Fs(readonly)p Ft(,)d(and)i Fs(local)f Ft(builtin)h(commands.)275 |
495aee44 | 5992 | 3448 y(In)f(the)h(con)m(text)i(where)d(an)h(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m |
17345e5a | 5993 | (t)h(is)e(assigning)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(to)h(a)f(shell)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
5994 | b(ariable)31 b(or)150 3557 y(arra)m(y)f(index)g(\(see)h(Section)g(6.7)g |
5995 | ([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)g(82\),)g(the)f(`)p Fs(+=)p Ft(')g(op)s(erator)g | |
5996 | (can)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(app)s(end)d(to)150 3667 y(or)36 | |
17345e5a JA |
5997 | b(add)g(to)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable's)37 b(previous)f(v)-5 |
5998 | b(alue.)59 b(When)36 b(`)p Fs(+=)p Ft(')g(is)g(applied)g(to)h(a)g(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
5999 | b(ariable)37 b(for)f(whic)m(h)g(the)150 3777 y Fq(in)m(teger)46 |
6000 | b Ft(attribute)38 b(has)f(b)s(een)g(set,)k Fq(v)-5 b(alue)43 | |
6001 | b Ft(is)38 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)39 b(as)f(an)f(arithmetic)i(expression)f | |
6002 | (and)f(added)150 3886 y(to)f(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable's)36 | |
6003 | b(curren)m(t)f(v)-5 b(alue,)37 b(whic)m(h)e(is)g(also)h(ev)-5 | |
6004 | b(aluated.)56 b(When)35 b(`)p Fs(+=)p Ft(')g(is)h(applied)f(to)g(an)g | |
6005 | (arra)m(y)150 3996 y(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(using)e(comp)s(ound)f | |
6006 | (assignmen)m(t)j(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)f([Arra)m(ys],)i(page)f(82\),)h | |
6007 | (the)e(v)-5 b(ariable's)25 b(v)-5 b(alue)150 4105 y(is)32 | |
6008 | b(not)f(unset)h(\(as)g(it)g(is)f(when)g(using)g(`)p Fs(=)p | |
6009 | Ft('\),)i(and)e(new)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(are)g(app)s(ended)d(to)k(the)f | |
6010 | (arra)m(y)g(b)s(eginning)150 4215 y(at)27 b(one)f(greater)i(than)e(the) | |
6011 | g(arra)m(y's)h(maxim)m(um)f(index)g(\(for)g(indexed)g(arra)m(ys\),)i | |
6012 | (or)e(added)g(as)g(additional)150 4325 y(k)m(ey-v)-5 | |
6013 | b(alue)35 b(pairs)e(in)g(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8 | |
6014 | b(.)51 b(When)33 b(applied)g(to)h(a)g(string-v)-5 b(alued)34 | |
6015 | b(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b Fq(v)-5 b(alue)39 b Ft(is)150 | |
6016 | 4434 y(expanded)30 b(and)f(app)s(ended)g(to)i(the)g(v)-5 | |
6017 | b(ariable's)31 b(v)-5 b(alue.)150 4645 y Fj(3.4.1)63 | |
6018 | b(P)m(ositional)41 b(P)m(arameters)150 4792 y Ft(A)28 | |
0001803f CR |
6019 | b Fq(p)s(ositional)h(parameter)35 b Ft(is)28 b(a)g(parameter)g(denoted) |
6020 | g(b)m(y)g(one)g(or)g(more)g(digits,)h(other)g(than)e(the)h(single)150 | |
495aee44 | 6021 | 4902 y(digit)34 b Fs(0)p Ft(.)48 b(P)m(ositional)36 b(parameters)d(are) |
0001803f | 6022 | g(assigned)h(from)e(the)i(shell's)f(argumen)m(ts)g(when)f(it)i(is)f(in) |
495aee44 | 6023 | m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)150 5011 y(and)38 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(reassigned)i(using) |
0001803f | 6024 | e(the)h Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)f(command.)67 b(P)m(ositional)41 |
495aee44 | 6025 | b(parameter)e Fs(N)g Ft(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)150 5121 y(referenced)34 |
0001803f CR |
6026 | b(as)h Fs(${N})p Ft(,)g(or)f(as)h Fs($N)e Ft(when)h Fs(N)g |
6027 | Ft(consists)h(of)f(a)h(single)g(digit.)54 b(P)m(ositional)37 | |
495aee44 | 6028 | b(parameters)d(ma)m(y)150 5230 y(not)j(b)s(e)f(assigned)h(to)g(with)f |
0001803f CR |
6029 | (assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(ts.)61 b(The)36 b Fs(set)g |
6030 | Ft(and)g Fs(shift)f Ft(builtins)h(are)h(used)f(to)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6031 | 5340 y(set)k(and)f(unset)f(them)i(\(see)g(Chapter)f(4)g([Shell)h |
6032 | (Builtin)g(Commands],)h(page)f(37\).)68 b(The)39 b(p)s(ositional)p | |
6033 | eop end | |
6034 | %%Page: 18 24 | |
6035 | TeXDict begin 18 23 bop 150 -116 a Ft(18)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6036 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y(parameters)44 b(are)g(temp)s(orarily) | |
6037 | g(replaced)h(when)e(a)h(shell)g(function)g(is)g(executed)g(\(see)h | |
6038 | (Section)g(3.3)150 408 y([Shell)30 b(F)-8 b(unctions],)32 | |
6039 | b(page)f(15\).)275 546 y(When)c(a)i(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g | |
6040 | (consisting)f(of)h(more)f(than)g(a)g(single)h(digit)g(is)f(expanded,)g | |
6041 | (it)h(m)m(ust)150 656 y(b)s(e)h(enclosed)h(in)f(braces.)150 | |
6042 | 859 y Fj(3.4.2)63 b(Sp)s(ecial)41 b(P)m(arameters)150 | |
6043 | 1006 y Ft(The)d(shell)g(treats)h(sev)m(eral)g(parameters)f(sp)s | |
6044 | (ecially)-8 b(.)65 b(These)38 b(parameters)h(ma)m(y)f(only)g(b)s(e)g | |
6045 | (referenced;)150 1115 y(assignmen)m(t)31 b(to)g(them)g(is)f(not)h(allo) | |
6046 | m(w)m(ed.)150 1280 y Fs(*)432 b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)h(the)h(p)s | |
6047 | (ositional)f(parameters,)h(starting)g(from)e(one.)41 | |
6048 | b(When)30 b(the)g(expansion)630 1389 y(o)s(ccurs)e(within)f(double)h | |
6049 | (quotes,)h(it)g(expands)e(to)i(a)f(single)h(w)m(ord)f(with)g(the)g(v)-5 | |
6050 | b(alue)29 b(of)f(eac)m(h)630 1499 y(parameter)i(separated)g(b)m(y)f | |
6051 | (the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(of)e(the)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(v) | |
6052 | -5 b(ariable.)41 b(That)30 b(is,)630 1609 y Fs("$*")h | |
6053 | Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)33 b(to)h Fs("$1)p Fi(c)11 | |
6054 | b Fs($2)p Fi(c)g Fs(...)l(")p Ft(,)33 b(where)f Fq(c)38 | |
6055 | b Ft(is)32 b(the)h(\014rst)e(c)m(haracter)j(of)f(the)f(v)-5 | |
6056 | b(alue)630 1718 y(of)30 b(the)g Fs(IFS)g Ft(v)-5 b(ariable.)41 | |
6057 | b(If)30 b Fs(IFS)f Ft(is)h(unset,)g(the)g(parameters)g(are)h(separated) | |
6058 | f(b)m(y)g(spaces.)41 b(If)630 1828 y Fs(IFS)29 b Ft(is)i(n)m(ull,)f | |
6059 | (the)h(parameters)g(are)f(joined)h(without)f(in)m(terv)m(ening)i | |
6060 | (separators.)150 1991 y Fs(@)432 b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)h(the)h(p)s | |
6061 | (ositional)f(parameters,)h(starting)g(from)e(one.)41 | |
6062 | b(When)30 b(the)g(expansion)630 2100 y(o)s(ccurs)c(within)g(double)f | |
6063 | (quotes,)j(eac)m(h)f(parameter)g(expands)e(to)i(a)g(separate)g(w)m | |
6064 | (ord.)39 b(That)630 2210 y(is,)29 b Fs("$@")e Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 | |
6065 | b(alen)m(t)30 b(to)f Fs("$1")g("$2")h(...)o Ft(.)40 b(If)28 | |
6066 | b(the)g(double-quoted)h(expansion)f(o)s(ccurs)630 2319 | |
6067 | y(within)d(a)h(w)m(ord,)g(the)g(expansion)f(of)h(the)g(\014rst)f | |
6068 | (parameter)h(is)f(joined)h(with)f(the)h(b)s(eginning)630 | |
6069 | 2429 y(part)f(of)g(the)g(original)g(w)m(ord,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g | |
0001803f | 6070 | (of)g(the)g(last)h(parameter)f(is)g(joined)f(with)630 |
495aee44 | 6071 | 2539 y(the)37 b(last)g(part)g(of)f(the)h(original)h(w)m(ord.)59 |
17345e5a | 6072 | b(When)36 b(there)h(are)g(no)f(p)s(ositional)h(parameters,)630 |
495aee44 CR |
6073 | 2648 y Fs("$@")29 b Ft(and)h Fs($@)g Ft(expand)f(to)j(nothing)e |
6074 | (\(i.e.,)i(they)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed\).)150 2811 y Fs(#)432 | |
6075 | b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(p)s(ositional)h | |
6076 | (parameters)g(in)f(decimal.)150 2974 y Fs(?)432 b Ft(Expands)29 | |
17345e5a | 6077 | b(to)i(the)g(exit)g(status)g(of)f(the)h(most)f(recen)m(tly)i(executed)f |
495aee44 | 6078 | (foreground)f(pip)s(eline.)150 3137 y Fs(-)432 b Ft(\(A)31 |
17345e5a JA |
6079 | b(h)m(yphen.\))42 b(Expands)30 b(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)g(option)h |
6080 | (\015ags)f(as)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(up)s(on)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)630 | |
495aee44 | 6081 | 3246 y(b)m(y)35 b(the)h Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)h(command,)h(or)g(those)g |
17345e5a | 6082 | (set)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(shell)h(itself)g(\(suc)m(h)f(as)h(the)f(`)p |
495aee44 | 6083 | Fs(-i)p Ft(')630 3356 y(option\).)150 3519 y Fs($)432 |
17345e5a JA |
6084 | b Ft(Expands)39 b(to)j(the)f(pro)s(cess)f Fl(id)h Ft(of)g(the)g(shell.) |
6085 | 73 b(In)40 b(a)h Fs(\(\))f Ft(subshell,)j(it)e(expands)f(to)i(the)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
6086 | 3628 y(pro)s(cess)30 b Fl(id)g Ft(of)h(the)g(in)m(v)m(oking)g(shell,)g |
6087 | (not)g(the)f(subshell.)150 3791 y Fs(!)432 b Ft(Expands)39 | |
17345e5a | 6088 | b(to)i(the)g(pro)s(cess)e Fl(id)i Ft(of)f(the)h(most)g(recen)m(tly)g |
495aee44 CR |
6089 | (executed)g(bac)m(kground)g(\(asyn-)630 3901 y(c)m(hronous\))30 |
6090 | b(command.)150 4064 y Fs(0)432 b Ft(Expands)20 b(to)j(the)f(name)g(of)g | |
17345e5a | 6091 | (the)g(shell)g(or)f(shell)h(script.)38 b(This)21 b(is)h(set)g(at)h |
495aee44 | 6092 | (shell)f(initialization.)630 4173 y(If)44 b(Bash)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m |
17345e5a | 6093 | (ed)i(with)e(a)g(\014le)g(of)h(commands)e(\(see)j(Section)f(3.8)g |
495aee44 | 6094 | ([Shell)f(Scripts],)630 4283 y(page)39 b(34\),)i Fs($0)d |
17345e5a JA |
6095 | Ft(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)f(name)g(of)g(that)h(\014le.)64 |
6096 | b(If)37 b(Bash)i(is)f(started)g(with)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-c)p | |
495aee44 CR |
6097 | Ft(')630 4392 y(option)i(\(see)g(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h |
6098 | (Bash],)h(page)e(73\),)j(then)d Fs($0)e Ft(is)i(set)g(to)g(the)g | |
6099 | (\014rst)630 4502 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(after)g(the)g(string)g(to)g(b)s(e) | |
17345e5a | 6100 | f(executed,)i(if)f(one)g(is)f(presen)m(t.)42 b(Otherwise,)31 |
495aee44 | 6101 | b(it)g(is)f(set)630 4612 y(to)h(the)g(\014lename)f(used)g(to)h(in)m(v)m |
17345e5a | 6102 | (ok)m(e)h(Bash,)f(as)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)f(argumen)m(t)h(zero.)150 |
495aee44 | 6103 | 4774 y Fs(_)432 b Ft(\(An)27 b(underscore.\))39 b(A)m(t)29 |
17345e5a | 6104 | b(shell)e(startup,)h(set)f(to)h(the)g(absolute)g(pathname)f(used)f(to)i |
495aee44 | 6105 | (in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)630 4884 y(the)22 b(shell)g(or)g(shell)g(script)f(b)s |
17345e5a | 6106 | (eing)h(executed)h(as)f(passed)f(in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(or)e |
495aee44 | 6107 | (argumen)m(t)630 4994 y(list.)72 b(Subsequen)m(tly)-8 |
17345e5a | 6108 | b(,)43 b(expands)c(to)j(the)e(last)i(argumen)m(t)f(to)g(the)g(previous) |
495aee44 | 6109 | f(command,)630 5103 y(after)35 b(expansion.)54 b(Also)36 |
17345e5a | 6110 | b(set)f(to)h(the)f(full)f(pathname)h(used)f(to)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i(eac) |
495aee44 | 6111 | m(h)f(command)630 5213 y(executed)42 b(and)e(placed)i(in)e(the)h(en)m |
17345e5a | 6112 | (vironmen)m(t)h(exp)s(orted)f(to)g(that)h(command.)72 |
495aee44 CR |
6113 | b(When)630 5322 y(c)m(hec)m(king)32 b(mail,)f(this)g(parameter)g(holds) |
6114 | e(the)i(name)f(of)h(the)g(mail)g(\014le.)p eop end | |
6115 | %%Page: 19 25 | |
6116 | TeXDict begin 19 24 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6117 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(19)150 299 | |
6118 | y Fr(3.5)68 b(Shell)45 b(Expansions)150 458 y Ft(Expansion)27 | |
6119 | b(is)i(p)s(erformed)d(on)i(the)g(command)g(line)h(after)f(it)h(has)f(b) | |
6120 | s(een)f(split)h(in)m(to)i Fs(token)p Ft(s.)38 b(There)28 | |
6121 | b(are)150 568 y(sev)m(en)j(kinds)e(of)i(expansion)f(p)s(erformed:)225 | |
6122 | 711 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(brace)31 b(expansion)225 850 y | |
6123 | Fp(\017)60 b Ft(tilde)31 b(expansion)225 988 y Fp(\017)60 | |
6124 | b Ft(parameter)31 b(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(expansion)225 | |
6125 | 1127 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(command)30 b(substitution)225 | |
6126 | 1266 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(arithmetic)32 b(expansion)225 | |
6127 | 1405 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting)225 1544 | |
6128 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(\014lename)31 b(expansion)275 1716 | |
6129 | y(The)i(order)g(of)h(expansions)g(is:)47 b(brace)34 b(expansion,)h | |
6130 | (tilde)g(expansion,)f(parameter,)i(v)-5 b(ariable,)36 | |
6131 | b(and)150 1825 y(arithmetic)46 b(expansion)f(and)g(command)f | |
6132 | (substitution)h(\(done)g(in)g(a)g(left-to-righ)m(t)j(fashion\),)h(w)m | |
6133 | (ord)150 1935 y(splitting,)31 b(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)275 | |
6134 | 2078 y(On)42 b(systems)h(that)h(can)g(supp)s(ort)e(it,)47 | |
6135 | b(there)d(is)f(an)h(additional)g(expansion)f(a)m(v)-5 | |
6136 | b(ailable:)69 b Fq(pro)s(cess)150 2188 y(substitution)p | |
17345e5a JA |
6137 | Ft(.)61 b(This)36 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(at)i(the)f(same)h(time)f(as)h |
6138 | (parameter,)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)40 b(and)d(arithmetic)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6139 | 2297 y(expansion)30 b(and)g(command)g(substitution.)275 |
6140 | 2440 y(Only)35 b(brace)i(expansion,)h(w)m(ord)e(splitting,)j(and)d | |
6141 | (\014lename)g(expansion)g(can)h(c)m(hange)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150 | |
6142 | 2550 y(of)h(w)m(ords)f(of)g(the)h(expansion;)i(other)e(expansions)f | |
6143 | (expand)g(a)h(single)g(w)m(ord)f(to)h(a)g(single)g(w)m(ord.)58 | |
6144 | b(The)150 2660 y(only)32 b(exceptions)i(to)f(this)f(are)h(the)f | |
17345e5a | 6145 | (expansions)g(of)h Fs("$@")e Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(3.4.2)h([Sp)s(ecial)f |
495aee44 | 6146 | (P)m(arameters],)150 2769 y(page)e(18\))h(and)d Fs("${)p |
0001803f | 6147 | Fi(name)11 b Fs([@]}")27 b Ft(\(see)k(Section)h(6.7)f([Arra)m(ys],)g |
495aee44 | 6148 | (page)g(82\).)275 2912 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h |
17345e5a | 6149 | Fs(quote)29 b(removal)40 b Ft(\(see)i(Section)h(3.5.9)g([Quote)f(Remo)m |
495aee44 CR |
6150 | (v)-5 b(al],)47 b(page)42 b(27\))h(is)150 3022 y(p)s(erformed.)150 |
6151 | 3230 y Fj(3.5.1)63 b(Brace)40 b(Expansion)150 3377 y | |
0001803f CR |
6152 | Ft(Brace)28 b(expansion)f(is)h(a)f(mec)m(hanism)h(b)m(y)f(whic)m(h)f |
6153 | (arbitrary)h(strings)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(generated.)40 | |
495aee44 | 6154 | b(This)27 b(mec)m(ha-)150 3486 y(nism)e(is)h(similar)g(to)g |
0001803f | 6155 | Fq(\014lename)g(expansion)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8)i([Filename)f |
495aee44 | 6156 | (Expansion],)f(page)h(25\),)h(but)150 3596 y(the)36 b(\014le)f(names)h |
0001803f CR |
6157 | (generated)g(need)f(not)h(exist.)57 b(P)m(atterns)36 |
6158 | b(to)g(b)s(e)f(brace)h(expanded)e(tak)m(e)j(the)f(form)f(of)150 | |
495aee44 | 6159 | 3705 y(an)29 b(optional)i Fq(pream)m(ble)5 b Ft(,)30 |
0001803f | 6160 | b(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)d(either)h(a)g(series)g(of)g(comma-separated)h |
495aee44 | 6161 | (strings)e(or)h(a)g(seqeunce)150 3815 y(expression)36 |
0001803f CR |
6162 | b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(a)g(pair)g(of)g(braces,)i(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)f |
6163 | (an)g(optional)h Fq(p)s(ostscript)r Ft(.)56 b(The)36 | |
495aee44 | 6164 | b(pream)m(ble)g(is)150 3924 y(pre\014xed)28 b(to)h(eac)m(h)h(string)f |
0001803f | 6165 | (con)m(tained)h(within)e(the)h(braces,)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(ostscript)f |
495aee44 CR |
6166 | (is)h(then)f(app)s(ended)f(to)150 4034 y(eac)m(h)32 b(resulting)e |
6167 | (string,)h(expanding)e(left)j(to)f(righ)m(t.)275 4177 | |
0001803f | 6168 | y(Brace)37 b(expansions)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(nested.)59 |
17345e5a | 6169 | b(The)36 b(results)g(of)h(eac)m(h)g(expanded)f(string)g(are)h(not)g |
495aee44 CR |
6170 | (sorted;)150 4287 y(left)31 b(to)g(righ)m(t)g(order)f(is)g(preserv)m |
6171 | (ed.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)390 4430 y Fs(bash$)46 | |
6172 | b(echo)h(a{d,c,b}e)390 4539 y(ade)g(ace)g(abe)275 4682 | |
0001803f CR |
6173 | y Ft(A)20 b(sequence)h(expression)g(tak)m(es)h(the)f(form)f |
6174 | Fs({)p Fi(x)11 b Fs(..)p Fi(y)g Fs([..)p Fi(incr)g Fs(]})p | |
6175 | Ft(,)18 b(where)i Fq(x)27 b Ft(and)20 b Fq(y)28 b Ft(are)22 | |
495aee44 | 6176 | b(either)f(in)m(tegers)150 4792 y(or)42 b(single)h(c)m(haracters,)j |
0001803f | 6177 | (and)c Fq(incr)7 b Ft(,)44 b(an)e(optional)h(incremen)m(t,)j(is)c(an)g |
495aee44 | 6178 | (in)m(teger.)77 b(When)41 b(in)m(tegers)j(are)150 4902 |
0001803f CR |
6179 | y(supplied,)e(the)f(expression)g(expands)f(to)h(eac)m(h)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
6180 | (er)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h Fq(x)47 b Ft(and)40 b Fq(y)8 | |
495aee44 | 6181 | b Ft(,)44 b(inclusiv)m(e.)73 b(Supplied)150 5011 y(in)m(tegers)33 |
17345e5a JA |
6182 | b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(pre\014xed)f(with)h(`)p Fs(0)p Ft(')h(to)g(force)g |
6183 | (eac)m(h)g(term)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(same)g(width.)42 | |
495aee44 | 6184 | b(When)31 b(either)150 5121 y Fq(x)43 b Ft(or)36 b Fq(y)44 |
17345e5a JA |
6185 | b Ft(b)s(egins)36 b(with)g(a)h(zero,)i(the)e(shell)g(attempts)g(to)g |
6186 | (force)g(all)h(generated)f(terms)g(to)g(con)m(tain)h(the)150 | |
495aee44 | 6187 | 5230 y(same)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(digits,)i(zero-padding)d(where)h |
17345e5a | 6188 | (necessary)-8 b(.)57 b(When)35 b(c)m(haracters)i(are)f(supplied,)g(the) |
495aee44 | 6189 | 150 5340 y(expression)h(expands)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(c)m(haracter)g |
0001803f | 6190 | (lexicographically)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)e Fq(x)43 b Ft(and)37 |
495aee44 CR |
6191 | b Fq(y)8 b Ft(,)38 b(inclusiv)m(e.)62 b(Note)p eop end |
6192 | %%Page: 20 26 | |
6193 | TeXDict begin 20 25 bop 150 -116 a Ft(20)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6194 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y(that)f(b)s(oth)e Fq(x)35 | |
6195 | b Ft(and)28 b Fq(y)37 b Ft(m)m(ust)29 b(b)s(e)f(of)h(the)g(same)g(t)m | |
6196 | (yp)s(e.)41 b(When)28 b(the)i(incremen)m(t)f(is)g(supplied,)f(it)i(is)f | |
6197 | (used)f(as)150 408 y(the)j(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(eac)m(h)h | |
6198 | (term.)41 b(The)30 b(default)g(incremen)m(t)h(is)g(1)f(or)h(-1)g(as)f | |
6199 | (appropriate.)275 544 y(Brace)36 b(expansion)g(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(b)s | |
17345e5a | 6200 | (efore)h(an)m(y)h(other)g(expansions,)h(and)e(an)m(y)g(c)m(haracters)i |
495aee44 CR |
6201 | (sp)s(ecial)150 654 y(to)32 b(other)g(expansions)g(are)g(preserv)m(ed)f |
6202 | (in)h(the)f(result.)45 b(It)32 b(is)g(strictly)g(textual.)46 | |
6203 | b(Bash)32 b(do)s(es)f(not)h(apply)150 764 y(an)m(y)27 | |
0001803f CR |
6204 | b(syn)m(tactic)i(in)m(terpretation)g(to)f(the)f(con)m(text)i(of)e(the)g |
6205 | (expansion)g(or)g(the)h(text)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)h(braces.)150 | |
495aee44 | 6206 | 873 y(T)-8 b(o)37 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(con\015icts)g(with)f(parameter)h |
0001803f | 6207 | (expansion,)g(the)g(string)f(`)p Fs(${)p Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)g |
495aee44 CR |
6208 | (eligible)i(for)150 983 y(brace)31 b(expansion.)275 1119 |
6209 | y(A)e(correctly-formed)i(brace)f(expansion)f(m)m(ust)h(con)m(tain)h | |
6210 | (unquoted)e(op)s(ening)g(and)g(closing)i(braces,)150 | |
6211 | 1228 y(and)h(at)i(least)g(one)f(unquoted)g(comma)g(or)g(a)h(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 6212 | b(alid)33 b(sequence)g(expression.)48 b(An)m(y)33 b(incorrectly)h |
495aee44 CR |
6213 | (formed)150 1338 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g(left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275 |
6214 | 1474 y(A)25 b Fs({)g Ft(or)g(`)p Fs(,)p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(quoted) | |
0001803f | 6215 | g(with)g(a)h(bac)m(kslash)f(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)g(its)g(b)s(eing)f |
495aee44 | 6216 | (considered)g(part)g(of)g(a)h(brace)150 1583 y(expression.)51 |
0001803f CR |
6217 | b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(a)m(v)m(oid)i(con\015icts)e(with)g(parameter)g |
6218 | (expansion,)h(the)f(string)g(`)p Fs(${)p Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered) | |
495aee44 | 6219 | 150 1693 y(eligible)e(for)e(brace)h(expansion.)275 1829 |
0001803f CR |
6220 | y(This)f(construct)h(is)g(t)m(ypically)i(used)d(as)h(shorthand)f(when)g |
6221 | (the)h(common)g(pre\014x)f(of)h(the)g(strings)g(to)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6222 | 1939 y(b)s(e)f(generated)h(is)g(longer)g(than)f(in)g(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
6223 | (e)i(example:)390 2074 y Fs(mkdir)46 b(/usr/local/src/bash/{old,n)o | |
6224 | (ew,)o(dist)o(,bug)o(s})275 2210 y Ft(or)390 2346 y Fs(chown)g(root)h | |
6225 | (/usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/)o({ex?)o(.?*,)o(how)o(_ex})o(})150 | |
6226 | 2547 y Fj(3.5.2)63 b(Tilde)41 b(Expansion)150 2694 y | |
6227 | Ft(If)29 b(a)h(w)m(ord)g(b)s(egins)f(with)g(an)h(unquoted)f(tilde)h(c)m | |
0001803f | 6228 | (haracter)h(\(`)p Fs(~)p Ft('\),)g(all)g(of)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)h(up) |
495aee44 | 6229 | d(to)j(the)f(\014rst)150 2804 y(unquoted)23 b(slash)h(\(or)h(all)g(c)m |
0001803f | 6230 | (haracters,)i(if)d(there)g(is)h(no)f(unquoted)f(slash\))h(are)h |
495aee44 | 6231 | (considered)f(a)g Fq(tilde-pre\014x)6 b Ft(.)150 2913 |
0001803f CR |
6232 | y(If)38 b(none)g(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f |
6233 | (are)h(quoted,)h(the)f(c)m(haracters)h(in)d(the)i(tilde-pre\014x)150 | |
495aee44 | 6234 | 3023 y(follo)m(wing)28 b(the)f(tilde)g(are)g(treated)h(as)f(a)g(p)s |
0001803f | 6235 | (ossible)f Fq(login)i(name)5 b Ft(.)40 b(If)26 b(this)g(login)i(name)f |
495aee44 CR |
6236 | (is)f(the)h(n)m(ull)g(string,)150 3132 y(the)35 b(tilde)g(is)g |
6237 | (replaced)g(with)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g | |
6238 | Fs(HOME)e Ft(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)54 b(If)34 b Fs(HOME)g | |
6239 | Ft(is)h(unset,)g(the)g(home)150 3242 y(directory)e(of)g(the)f(user)g | |
6240 | (executing)i(the)e(shell)h(is)f(substituted)g(instead.)47 | |
6241 | b(Otherwise,)33 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x)150 3352 y(is)d(replaced)h(with) | |
6242 | f(the)h(home)f(directory)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed) | |
6243 | e(login)j(name.)275 3487 y(If)g(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)h(`)p | |
17345e5a JA |
6244 | Fs(~+)p Ft(',)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g(shell)g(v)-5 |
6245 | b(ariable)34 b Fs(PWD)d Ft(replaces)j(the)f(tilde-pre\014x.)47 | |
495aee44 | 6246 | b(If)150 3597 y(the)31 b(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)g(`)p Fs(~-)p |
17345e5a JA |
6247 | Ft(',)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h(v)-5 |
6248 | b(ariable)31 b Fs(OLDPWD)p Ft(,)e(if)h(it)h(is)g(set,)g(is)f | |
495aee44 | 6249 | (substituted.)275 3733 y(If)e(the)i(c)m(haracters)g(follo)m(wing)h(the) |
0001803f | 6250 | e(tilde)h(in)f(the)g(tilde-pre\014x)h(consist)f(of)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
495aee44 | 6251 | (er)f Fq(N)10 b Ft(,)30 b(optionally)150 3843 y(pre\014xed)22 |
17345e5a JA |
6252 | b(b)m(y)h(a)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)j(the)d |
6253 | (tilde-pre\014x)g(is)h(replaced)f(with)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e | |
495aee44 | 6254 | (elemen)m(t)j(from)e(the)150 3952 y(directory)36 b(stac)m(k,)i(as)e(it) |
17345e5a JA |
6255 | g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f |
6256 | Fs(dirs)g Ft(builtin)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(c)m(haracters) | |
495aee44 | 6257 | 150 4062 y(follo)m(wing)40 b(tilde)f(in)g(the)f(tilde-pre\014x)h(as)g |
17345e5a | 6258 | (an)f(argumen)m(t)h(\(see)h(Section)f(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m |
495aee44 | 6259 | (k],)150 4171 y(page)c(83\).)57 b(If)35 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans) |
17345e5a | 6260 | e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(without)i(a)f |
495aee44 CR |
6261 | (leading)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')g(or)150 4281 y(`)p Fs(-)p |
6262 | Ft(',)31 b(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')f(is)h(assumed.)275 4417 y(If)e(the)i(login) | |
17345e5a JA |
6263 | g(name)g(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)31 b(or)g(the)f(tilde)h(expansion)f |
6264 | (fails,)i(the)e(w)m(ord)g(is)h(left)g(unc)m(hanged.)275 | |
495aee44 | 6265 | 4553 y(Eac)m(h)38 b(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(assignmen)m(t)h(is)e(c)m(hec)m |
17345e5a | 6266 | (k)m(ed)j(for)d(unquoted)g(tilde-pre\014xes)h(immediately)g(follo)m |
495aee44 | 6267 | (wing)150 4662 y(a)d(`)p Fs(:)p Ft(')g(or)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
6268 | Fs(=)p Ft('.)54 b(In)34 b(these)h(cases,)i(tilde)e(expansion)g(is)g |
6269 | (also)h(p)s(erformed.)52 b(Consequen)m(tly)-8 b(,)37 | |
495aee44 | 6270 | b(one)150 4772 y(ma)m(y)27 b(use)e(\014le)h(names)g(with)g(tildes)g(in) |
17345e5a JA |
6271 | g(assignmen)m(ts)h(to)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(,)f Fs(MAILPATH)p |
6272 | Ft(,)e(and)i Fs(CDPATH)p Ft(,)f(and)h(the)g(shell)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6273 | 4882 y(assigns)31 b(the)f(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue.)275 |
6274 | 5018 y(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)j(table)g(sho)m(ws)e(ho)m(w)g(Bash)h | |
6275 | (treats)g(unquoted)e(tilde-pre\014xes:)150 5179 y Fs(~)432 | |
6276 | b Ft(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($HOME)150 5340 | |
6277 | y(~/foo)240 b Ft(`)p Fs($HOME/foo)p Ft(')p eop end | |
6278 | %%Page: 21 27 | |
6279 | TeXDict begin 21 26 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6280 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(21)150 299 | |
6281 | y Fs(~fred/foo)630 408 y Ft(The)30 b(sub)s(directory)f | |
6282 | Fs(foo)h Ft(of)g(the)h(home)f(directory)h(of)g(the)f(user)g | |
6283 | Fs(fred)150 580 y(~+/foo)192 b Ft(`)p Fs($PWD/foo)p Ft(')150 | |
6284 | 752 y Fs(~-/foo)g Ft(`)p Fs(${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo)p Ft(')150 | |
6285 | 924 y Fs(~)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g | |
6286 | (displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p Fs(dirs)g(+)p Fi(N)11 | |
6287 | b Ft(')150 1096 y Fs(~+)p Fi(N)336 b Ft(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m | |
6288 | (ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p Fs(dirs)g(+)p | |
6289 | Fi(N)11 b Ft(')150 1267 y Fs(~-)p Fi(N)336 b Ft(The)30 | |
6290 | b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p | |
6291 | Fs(dirs)g(-)p Fi(N)11 b Ft(')150 1479 y Fj(3.5.3)63 b(Shell)41 | |
6292 | b(P)m(arameter)f(Expansion)150 1626 y Ft(The)g(`)p Fs($)p | |
6293 | Ft(')h(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(tro)s(duces)d(parameter)h(expansion,)j | |
6294 | (command)d(substitution,)i(or)e(arithmetic)150 1735 y(expansion.)d(The) | |
6295 | 22 b(parameter)h(name)f(or)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(expanded)h(ma) | |
6296 | m(y)h(b)s(e)f(enclosed)h(in)f(braces,)i(whic)m(h)150 | |
6297 | 1845 y(are)31 b(optional)g(but)f(serv)m(e)h(to)h(protect)f(the)g(v)-5 | |
6298 | b(ariable)31 b(to)g(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(from)g(c)m(haracters)i | |
6299 | (immediately)150 1955 y(follo)m(wing)g(it)f(whic)m(h)f(could)g(b)s(e)g | |
6300 | (in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(name.)275 2101 | |
0001803f CR |
6301 | y(When)44 b(braces)i(are)f(used,)j(the)e(matc)m(hing)g(ending)f(brace)g |
6302 | (is)g(the)g(\014rst)g(`)p Fs(})p Ft(')g(not)g(escap)s(ed)h(b)m(y)f(a) | |
495aee44 | 6303 | 150 2211 y(bac)m(kslash)40 b(or)f(within)g(a)g(quoted)g(string,)j(and)c |
0001803f | 6304 | (not)i(within)e(an)h(em)m(b)s(edded)f(arithmetic)j(expansion,)150 |
495aee44 CR |
6305 | 2321 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(or)h(parameter)g(expansion.)275 |
6306 | 2468 y(The)40 b(basic)h(form)g(of)g(parameter)h(expansion)e(is)h($)p | |
17345e5a | 6307 | Fs({)p Fq(parameter)7 b Fs(})p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 6308 | b(alue)42 b(of)f Fq(parameter)48 b Ft(is)150 2577 y(substituted.)43 |
17345e5a | 6309 | b(The)31 b(braces)g(are)h(required)e(when)h Fq(parameter)38 |
495aee44 CR |
6310 | b Ft(is)31 b(a)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(with)f(more)150 |
6311 | 2687 y(than)h(one)g(digit,)i(or)e(when)g Fq(parameter)39 | |
6312 | b Ft(is)32 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)e(is)h | |
6313 | (not)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(terpreted)150 2796 y(as)f(part)f(of)g(its)h | |
6314 | (name.)275 2943 y(If)c(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(of)f | |
6315 | Fq(parameter)35 b Ft(is)27 b(an)h(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m(t)d(\(!\),)i | |
6316 | (a)f(lev)m(el)i(of)d(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(indirec-)150 | |
6317 | 3053 y(tion)e(is)f(in)m(tro)s(duced.)39 b(Bash)27 b(uses)e(the)i(v)-5 | |
6318 | b(alue)27 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(formed)f(from)g(the)g(rest)h | |
6319 | (of)f Fq(parameter)34 b Ft(as)150 3162 y(the)e(name)h(of)f(the)h(v)-5 | |
6320 | b(ariable;)34 b(this)e(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(is)g(then)f(expanded)f(and)h | |
6321 | (that)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)h(used)e(in)h(the)h(rest)150 | |
6322 | 3272 y(of)h(the)f(substitution,)i(rather)e(than)g(the)h(v)-5 | |
6323 | b(alue)34 b(of)g Fq(parameter)40 b Ft(itself.)51 b(This)33 | |
6324 | b(is)g(kno)m(wn)g(as)h Fs(indirect)150 3381 y(expansion)p | |
6325 | Ft(.)k(The)30 b(exceptions)h(to)h(this)e(are)h(the)f(expansions)g(of)h | |
6326 | ($)p Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(pre\014x)150 3491 y Fs(})36 b Ft(and)f($)p | |
6327 | Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(name)5 b Ft([)p Fs(@)p Ft(])p Fs(})37 | |
6328 | b Ft(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w.)58 b(The)36 b(exclamation)i(p)s(oin)m | |
6329 | (t)e(m)m(ust)g(immediately)h(follo)m(w)h(the)150 3601 | |
6330 | y(left)31 b(brace)g(in)f(order)g(to)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)f(indirection.) | |
6331 | 275 3748 y(In)39 b(eac)m(h)i(of)g(the)f(cases)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)i | |
0001803f | 6332 | Fq(w)m(ord)h Ft(is)c(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(tilde)f(expansion,)j |
495aee44 CR |
6333 | (parameter)e(expansion,)150 3857 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g |
6334 | (arithmetic)i(expansion.)275 4004 y(When)h(not)h(p)s(erforming)e | |
17345e5a | 6335 | (substring)h(expansion,)h(using)f(the)h(form)f(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m |
495aee44 | 6336 | (w,)h(Bash)g(tests)150 4114 y(for)44 b(a)i(parameter)f(that)g(is)g |
17345e5a | 6337 | (unset)f(or)h(n)m(ull.)84 b(Omitting)45 b(the)g(colon)h(results)e(in)g |
495aee44 | 6338 | (a)i(test)f(only)g(for)g(a)150 4223 y(parameter)36 b(that)f(is)g |
17345e5a JA |
6339 | (unset.)55 b(Put)34 b(another)i(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(if)d(the)g(colon) |
6340 | h(is)f(included,)h(the)f(op)s(erator)g(tests)h(for)150 | |
495aee44 | 6341 | 4333 y(b)s(oth)22 b Fq(parameter)7 b Ft('s)22 b(existence)i(and)e(that) |
17345e5a | 6342 | h(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(is)g(not)f(n)m(ull;)k(if)c(the)h(colon)g(is)g |
495aee44 CR |
6343 | (omitted,)i(the)e(op)s(erator)150 4442 y(tests)31 b(only)g(for)f |
6344 | (existence.)150 4620 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(:)p | |
6345 | Fp(\000)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 4730 y Ft(If)30 b Fq(parameter)37 | |
17345e5a JA |
6346 | b Ft(is)30 b(unset)g(or)h(n)m(ull,)f(the)h(expansion)f(of)g |
6347 | Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)c(substituted.)40 b(Otherwise,)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
6348 | 4839 y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h Fq(parameter)37 |
6349 | b Ft(is)31 b(substituted.)150 5011 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 | |
6350 | b Fs(:=)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 5121 y Ft(If)32 b Fq(parameter)40 | |
0001803f CR |
6351 | b Ft(is)32 b(unset)g(or)h(n)m(ull,)g(the)f(expansion)h(of)f |
6352 | Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)d(assigned)f(to)i Fq(parameter)7 b | |
495aee44 | 6353 | Ft(.)630 5230 y(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)f Fq(parameter)38 |
0001803f | 6354 | b Ft(is)31 b(then)g(substituted.)42 b(P)m(ositional)33 |
495aee44 CR |
6355 | b(parameters)e(and)f(sp)s(ecial)630 5340 y(parameters)h(ma)m(y)g(not)f |
6356 | (b)s(e)g(assigned)h(to)g(in)f(this)g(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)p | |
6357 | eop end | |
6358 | %%Page: 22 28 | |
6359 | TeXDict begin 22 27 bop 150 -116 a Ft(22)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6360 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 | |
6361 | b Fs(:?)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 408 y Ft(If)26 b Fq(parameter)33 | |
6362 | b Ft(is)26 b(n)m(ull)g(or)g(unset,)h(the)f(expansion)g(of)g | |
6363 | Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(\(or)c(a)h(message)g(to)g(that)f(e\013ect)630 | |
6364 | 518 y(if)i Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(is)d(not)g(presen)m(t\))h(is)f(written)g(to) | |
6365 | h(the)f(standard)f(error)h(and)f(the)h(shell,)h(if)f(it)h(is)f(not)630 | |
6366 | 628 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e,)33 b(exits.)42 b(Otherwise,)30 | |
6367 | b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fq(parameter)38 b Ft(is)30 | |
6368 | b(substituted.)150 774 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(:+)p | |
6369 | Fi(word)g Fs(})630 883 y Ft(If)35 b Fq(parameter)42 b | |
6370 | Ft(is)36 b(n)m(ull)f(or)h(unset,)g(nothing)g(is)f(substituted,)i | |
6371 | (otherwise)e(the)h(expansion)630 993 y(of)31 b Fq(w)m(ord)i | |
6372 | Ft(is)e(substituted.)150 1139 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 | |
6373 | b Fs(:)p Fi(offset)g Fs(})150 1249 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g | |
0001803f | 6374 | Fs(:)p Fi(offset)g Fs(:)p Fi(le)o(ngt)o(h)g Fs(})630 |
495aee44 | 6375 | 1358 y Ft(Expands)44 b(to)i(up)e(to)i Fq(length)g Ft(c)m(haracters)h |
0001803f | 6376 | (of)e Fq(parameter)53 b Ft(starting)46 b(at)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)630 |
495aee44 | 6377 | 1468 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)30 b(b)m(y)g Fq(o\013set)r Ft(.)43 |
0001803f | 6378 | b(If)30 b Fq(length)h Ft(is)g(omitted,)g(expands)f(to)h(the)g |
495aee44 | 6379 | (substring)f(of)g Fq(parameter)630 1577 y Ft(starting)38 |
0001803f CR |
6380 | b(at)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(sp)s(eci\014ed)d(b)m(y)h |
6381 | Fq(o\013set)r Ft(.)62 b Fq(length)38 b Ft(and)e Fq(o\013set)k | |
495aee44 CR |
6382 | Ft(are)e(arithmetic)630 1687 y(expressions)30 b(\(see)i(Section)g(6.5)g |
6383 | ([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)h(page)g(80\).)43 b(This)30 b(is)h(referred)f | |
6384 | (to)i(as)630 1797 y(Substring)d(Expansion.)630 1924 y(If)c | |
6385 | Fq(o\013set)k Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)27 b(to)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(less)i | |
6386 | (than)g(zero,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(is)g(used)f(as)h(an)g(o\013set)g | |
6387 | (from)630 2034 y(the)c(end)e(of)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)22 | |
6388 | b(of)g Fq(parameter)7 b Ft(.)38 b(If)20 b Fq(length)i | |
6389 | Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)23 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(less)i(than)f(zero,) | |
6390 | 630 2144 y(and)g Fq(parameter)29 b Ft(is)21 b(not)h(`)p | |
6391 | Fs(@)p Ft(')g(and)f(not)h(an)g(indexed)f(or)h(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)i(arra) | |
6392 | m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(it)d(is)g(in)m(terpreted)630 2253 y(as)37 | |
6393 | b(an)f(o\013set)i(from)e(the)h(end)f(of)h(the)f(v)-5 | |
6394 | b(alue)37 b(of)g Fq(parameter)44 b Ft(rather)36 b(than)h(a)f(n)m(um)m | |
6395 | (b)s(er)g(of)630 2363 y(c)m(haracters,)49 b(and)42 b(the)i(expansion)f | |
6396 | (is)h(the)g(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)g | |
6397 | (o\013sets.)81 b(If)630 2472 y Fq(parameter)37 b Ft(is)31 | |
6398 | b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)g(the)g(result)f(is)h Fq(length)g | |
6399 | Ft(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)g(b)s(eginning)e(at)j Fq(o\013set)r | |
6400 | Ft(.)630 2582 y(If)k Fq(parameter)43 b Ft(is)36 b(an)g(indexed)g(arra)m | |
6401 | (y)g(name)g(subscripted)f(b)m(y)h(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p | |
6402 | Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)e(result)g(is)630 2692 y(the)h Fq(length)g | |
6403 | Ft(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)h | |
6404 | Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs([)p Fi(offset)g Fs(])o(})p | |
6405 | Ft(.)54 b(A)630 2801 y(negativ)m(e)33 b Fq(o\013set)g | |
6406 | Ft(is)e(tak)m(en)h(relativ)m(e)g(to)g(one)f(greater)g(than)g(the)f | |
6407 | (maxim)m(um)h(index)f(of)h(the)630 2911 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)k(arra)m(y)-8 | |
6408 | b(.)57 b(Substring)34 b(expansion)i(applied)f(to)h(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m | |
6409 | (e)i(arra)m(y)e(pro)s(duces)630 3020 y(unde\014ned)28 | |
6410 | b(results.)630 3148 y(Note)37 b(that)f(a)g(negativ)m(e)i(o\013set)f(m)m | |
17345e5a | 6411 | (ust)f(b)s(e)f(separated)h(from)f(the)h(colon)h(b)m(y)e(at)i(least)g |
495aee44 | 6412 | (one)630 3258 y(space)g(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)g(b)s(eing)f(confused)f(with)h |
17345e5a | 6413 | (the)h(`)p Fs(:-)p Ft(')f(expansion.)57 b(Substring)35 |
495aee44 CR |
6414 | b(indexing)h(is)630 3367 y(zero-based)24 b(unless)f(the)h(p)s |
6415 | (ositional)g(parameters)g(are)g(used,)g(in)g(whic)m(h)f(case)h(the)g | |
6416 | (indexing)630 3477 y(starts)30 b(at)g(1)f(b)m(y)h(default.)40 | |
6417 | b(If)29 b Fq(o\013set)j Ft(is)e(0,)g(and)f(the)g(p)s(ositional)h | |
6418 | (parameters)g(are)g(used,)f Fs($@)630 3587 y Ft(is)h(pre\014xed)g(to)h | |
6419 | (the)f(list.)150 3733 y Fs(${!)p Fi(prefix)11 b Fs(*})150 | |
6420 | 3842 y(${!)p Fi(prefix)g Fs(@})630 3952 y Ft(Expands)23 | |
6421 | b(to)i(the)g(names)f(of)h(v)-5 b(ariables)25 b(whose)f(names)g(b)s | |
6422 | (egin)g(with)g Fq(pre\014x)6 b Ft(,)25 b(separated)g(b)m(y)630 | |
6423 | 4061 y(the)k(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(of)e(the)g Fs(IFS)f | |
17345e5a | 6424 | Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)41 b(When)29 b(`)p Fs(@)p |
495aee44 | 6425 | Ft(')g(is)g(used)f(and)h(the)g(expan-)630 4171 y(sion)35 |
17345e5a JA |
6426 | b(app)s(ears)g(within)f(double)h(quotes,)i(eac)m(h)f(v)-5 |
6427 | b(ariable)36 b(name)f(expands)g(to)g(a)h(separate)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
6428 | 4281 y(w)m(ord.)150 4427 y Fs(${!)p Fi(name)11 b Fs([@]})150 |
6429 | 4536 y(${!)p Fi(name)g Fs([*]})630 4646 y Ft(If)26 b | |
17345e5a JA |
6430 | Fq(name)32 b Ft(is)27 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)29 |
6431 | b(expands)d(to)h(the)g(list)g(of)g(arra)m(y)g(indices)g(\(k)m(eys\))h | |
495aee44 | 6432 | (assigned)630 4756 y(in)c Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)39 b(If)23 |
0001803f CR |
6433 | b Fq(name)30 b Ft(is)24 b(not)g(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)27 |
6434 | b(expands)c(to)i(0)f(if)h Fq(name)k Ft(is)24 b(set)h(and)e(n)m(ull)h | |
495aee44 | 6435 | (otherwise.)630 4865 y(When)39 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')h(is)f(used)g(and)f |
17345e5a | 6436 | (the)i(expansion)f(app)s(ears)g(within)f(double)h(quotes,)k(eac)m(h)d |
495aee44 CR |
6437 | (k)m(ey)630 4975 y(expands)30 b(to)h(a)f(separate)i(w)m(ord.)150 |
6438 | 5121 y Fs(${#)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(})630 5230 y Ft(The)40 | |
17345e5a JA |
6439 | b(length)g(in)g(c)m(haracters)i(of)e(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 |
6440 | b(alue)41 b(of)f Fq(parameter)47 b Ft(is)40 b(substituted.)630 | |
495aee44 | 6441 | 5340 y(If)i Fq(parameter)50 b Ft(is)43 b(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p |
17345e5a | 6442 | Fs(@)p Ft(',)k(the)c(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(substituted)f(is)h(the)g(n)m(um)m |
495aee44 CR |
6443 | (b)s(er)f(of)h(p)s(ositional)p eop end |
6444 | %%Page: 23 29 | |
6445 | TeXDict begin 23 28 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6446 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(23)630 299 | |
6447 | y(parameters.)45 b(If)32 b Fq(parameter)38 b Ft(is)32 | |
6448 | b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(name)g(subscripted)f(b)m(y)g(`)p Fs(*)p | |
6449 | Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)630 | |
6450 | 408 y(substituted)30 b(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(elemen)m(ts)i | |
6451 | (in)e(the)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150 573 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 | |
6452 | b Fs(#)p Fi(word)g Fs(})150 682 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g | |
6453 | Fs(##)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 792 y Ft(The)31 b Fq(w)m(ord)k | |
6454 | Ft(is)d(expanded)f(to)i(pro)s(duce)e(a)h(pattern)g(just)f(as)i(in)e | |
6455 | (\014lename)h(expansion)g(\(see)630 902 y(Section)k(3.5.8)h([Filename)g | |
6456 | (Expansion],)g(page)f(25\).)56 b(If)35 b(the)h(pattern)f(matc)m(hes)i | |
6457 | (the)e(b)s(e-)630 1011 y(ginning)g(of)g(the)g(expanded)f(v)-5 | |
6458 | b(alue)36 b(of)f Fq(parameter)7 b Ft(,)36 b(then)f(the)g(result)g(of)g | |
6459 | (the)g(expansion)630 1121 y(is)28 b(the)g(expanded)e(v)-5 | |
6460 | b(alue)28 b(of)g Fq(parameter)35 b Ft(with)27 b(the)h(shortest)g(matc)m | |
6461 | (hing)h(pattern)f(\(the)g(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(')630 1230 y(case\))e(or)f(the) | |
6462 | g(longest)g(matc)m(hing)h(pattern)f(\(the)g(`)p Fs(##)p | |
0001803f | 6463 | Ft(')g(case\))h(deleted.)39 b(If)24 b Fq(parameter)32 |
495aee44 | 6464 | b Ft(is)25 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')630 1340 y(or)j(`)p Fs(*)p |
17345e5a JA |
6465 | Ft(',)i(the)e(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)29 b(op)s(eration)g(is)f |
6466 | (applied)h(to)g(eac)m(h)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)630 | |
495aee44 | 6467 | 1450 y(turn,)i(and)g(the)h(expansion)g(is)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)g(list.) |
17345e5a | 6468 | 45 b(If)32 b Fq(parameter)38 b Ft(is)32 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 6469 | b(ariable)630 1559 y(subscripted)39 b(with)g(`)p Fs(@)p |
17345e5a JA |
6470 | Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)j(the)d(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 |
6471 | b(al)41 b(op)s(eration)f(is)g(applied)g(to)h(eac)m(h)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
6472 | 1669 y(mem)m(b)s(er)30 b(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)f(and)h(the)h |
6473 | (expansion)f(is)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 1833 | |
0001803f | 6474 | y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(\045)p Fi(word)g Fs(})150 |
495aee44 CR |
6475 | 1943 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g Fs(\045\045)p Fi(word)g Fs(})630 |
6476 | 2052 y Ft(The)35 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)c(expanded)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)e(a) | |
17345e5a | 6477 | i(pattern)f(just)g(as)h(in)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)55 |
495aee44 | 6478 | b(If)630 2162 y(the)43 b(pattern)f(matc)m(hes)i(a)e(trailing)i(p)s |
0001803f | 6479 | (ortion)e(of)g(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(of)g |
495aee44 | 6480 | Fq(parameter)7 b Ft(,)630 2271 y(then)39 b(the)g(result)g(of)h(the)f |
17345e5a | 6481 | (expansion)g(is)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(of)f Fq(parameter)46 |
495aee44 | 6482 | b Ft(with)39 b(the)h(shortest)630 2381 y(matc)m(hing)31 |
17345e5a JA |
6483 | b(pattern)e(\(the)h(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(')g(case\))h(or)e(the)h(longest)h |
6484 | (matc)m(hing)f(pattern)g(\(the)g(`)p Fs(\045\045)p Ft(')g(case\))630 | |
495aee44 | 6485 | 2491 y(deleted.)49 b(If)32 b Fq(parameter)40 b Ft(is)33 |
17345e5a | 6486 | b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)f(pattern)g(remo)m(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 6487 | b(al)34 b(op)s(eration)g(is)f(applied)f(to)630 2600 y(eac)m(h)38 |
17345e5a | 6488 | b(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)f(turn,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g(is)h |
495aee44 | 6489 | (the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)61 b(If)630 2710 y Fq(parameter)38 |
17345e5a JA |
6490 | b Ft(is)32 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(subscripted)e(with)h |
6491 | (`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)f(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
6492 | b(al)630 2819 y(op)s(eration)30 b(is)g(applied)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(mem)m |
6493 | (b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)g(and)g(the)h(expansion)g | |
6494 | (is)630 2929 y(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 3093 y | |
6495 | Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(/)p Fi(pattern)g Fs(/)p | |
6496 | Fi(s)o(tri)o(ng)f Fs(})630 3203 y Ft(The)37 b Fq(pattern)g | |
17345e5a | 6497 | Ft(is)g(expanded)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)e(a)h(pattern)g(just)g(as)h(in)e |
495aee44 | 6498 | (\014lename)i(expansion.)630 3313 y Fq(P)m(arameter)46 |
17345e5a JA |
6499 | b Ft(is)38 b(expanded)f(and)g(the)i(longest)g(matc)m(h)g(of)f |
6500 | Fq(pattern)g Ft(against)h(its)f(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)630 | |
495aee44 | 6501 | 3422 y(replaced)33 b(with)f Fq(string)8 b Ft(.)47 b(If)33 |
0001803f | 6502 | b Fq(pattern)f Ft(b)s(egins)g(with)h(`)p Fs(/)p Ft(',)g(all)h(matc)m |
495aee44 | 6503 | (hes)f(of)g Fq(pattern)g Ft(are)g(re-)630 3532 y(placed)27 |
0001803f CR |
6504 | b(with)f Fq(string)8 b Ft(.)40 b(Normally)27 b(only)g(the)g(\014rst)f |
6505 | (matc)m(h)h(is)g(replaced.)40 b(If)26 b Fq(pattern)g | |
495aee44 | 6506 | Ft(b)s(egins)630 3641 y(with)33 b(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(',)i(it)f(m)m(ust)f |
0001803f | 6507 | (matc)m(h)i(at)f(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)g(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 6508 | b(alue)34 b(of)g Fq(parameter)7 b Ft(.)630 3751 y(If)34 |
0001803f CR |
6509 | b Fq(pattern)g Ft(b)s(egins)g(with)g(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(',)h(it)g(m)m |
6510 | (ust)f(matc)m(h)h(at)g(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 6511 | b(alue)35 b(of)630 3861 y Fq(parameter)7 b Ft(.)40 b(If)29 |
0001803f CR |
6512 | b Fq(string)36 b Ft(is)29 b(n)m(ull,)h(matc)m(hes)g(of)f |
6513 | Fq(pattern)g Ft(are)g(deleted)h(and)e(the)h Fs(/)f Ft(follo)m(wing)630 | |
495aee44 | 6514 | 3970 y Fq(pattern)34 b Ft(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(omitted.)51 |
17345e5a JA |
6515 | b(If)33 b Fq(parameter)41 b Ft(is)33 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')h(or)g(`)p |
6516 | Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(substitution)f(op)s(eration)630 | |
495aee44 | 6517 | 4080 y(is)38 b(applied)g(to)g(eac)m(h)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)f(in) |
17345e5a | 6518 | g(turn,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g(is)g(the)g(re-)630 |
495aee44 | 6519 | 4189 y(sultan)m(t)f(list.)59 b(If)36 b Fq(parameter)43 |
17345e5a | 6520 | b Ft(is)36 b(an)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(subscripted)e(with)h |
495aee44 | 6521 | (`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)630 4299 |
17345e5a JA |
6522 | y(substitution)30 b(op)s(eration)h(is)f(applied)g(to)h(eac)m(h)g(mem)m |
6523 | (b)s(er)f(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)f(and)h(the)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
6524 | 4408 y(expansion)g(is)h(the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)150 |
6525 | 4573 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(^)p Fi(pattern)g | |
6526 | Fs(})150 4682 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g Fs(^^)p Fi(pattern)g | |
6527 | Fs(})150 4792 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g Fs(,)p Fi(pattern)g | |
6528 | Fs(})150 4902 y(${)p Fi(parameter)g Fs(,,)p Fi(pattern)g | |
6529 | Fs(})630 5011 y Ft(This)35 b(expansion)h(mo)s(di\014es)f(the)h(case)h | |
0001803f | 6530 | (of)f(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)f Fq(parameter)7 |
495aee44 | 6531 | b Ft(.)57 b(The)630 5121 y Fq(pattern)36 b Ft(is)f(expanded)g(to)h(pro) |
0001803f | 6532 | s(duce)e(a)i(pattern)g(just)f(as)h(in)f(\014lename)g(expansion.)56 |
495aee44 | 6533 | b(The)630 5230 y(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(')36 b(op)s(erator)g(con)m(v)m(erts)h |
17345e5a | 6534 | (lo)m(w)m(ercase)h(letters)f(matc)m(hing)g Fq(pattern)f |
495aee44 | 6535 | Ft(to)g(upp)s(ercase;)i(the)e(`)p Fs(,)p Ft(')630 5340 |
17345e5a JA |
6536 | y(op)s(erator)g(con)m(v)m(erts)i(matc)m(hing)f(upp)s(ercase)e(letters)i |
6537 | (to)g(lo)m(w)m(ercase.)59 b(The)36 b(`)p Fs(^^)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p | |
495aee44 CR |
6538 | Fs(,,)p Ft(')p eop end |
6539 | %%Page: 24 30 | |
6540 | TeXDict begin 24 29 bop 150 -116 a Ft(24)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6541 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(expansions)g(con)m(v)m(ert)i(eac)m(h) | |
6542 | g(matc)m(hed)f(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 | |
6543 | b(alue;)32 b(the)g(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(')g(and)630 408 y(`)p | |
6544 | Fs(,)p Ft(')24 b(expansions)f(matc)m(h)i(and)e(con)m(v)m(ert)j(only)d | |
6545 | (the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 | |
6546 | b(alue.)630 518 y(If)31 b Fq(pattern)g Ft(is)g(omitted,)i(it)f(is)f | |
6547 | (treated)h(lik)m(e)h(a)e(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(',)h(whic)m(h)f(matc)m(hes)i(ev) | |
6548 | m(ery)f(c)m(haracter.)44 b(If)630 628 y Fq(parameter)37 | |
6549 | b Ft(is)31 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)f(the)h(case)g(mo) | |
6550 | s(di\014cation)g(op)s(eration)g(is)f(applied)g(to)i(eac)m(h)f(p)s(osi-) | |
6551 | 630 737 y(tional)26 b(parameter)e(in)h(turn,)f(and)g(the)h(expansion)f | |
17345e5a | 6552 | (is)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)40 b(If)23 b Fq(parameter)32 |
495aee44 CR |
6553 | b Ft(is)630 847 y(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(subscripted)d |
6554 | (with)i(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)f(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)i(the)f(case)g(mo)s | |
6555 | (di\014cation)h(op)s(eration)f(is)630 956 y(applied)d(to)g(eac)m(h)h | |
6556 | (mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g(in)g(turn,)g(and)f(the)h | |
6557 | (expansion)f(is)h(the)g(resultan)m(t)630 1066 y(list.)150 | |
6558 | 1263 y Fj(3.5.4)63 b(Command)41 b(Substitution)150 1410 | |
6559 | y Ft(Command)f(substitution)h(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(output)g(of)h(a)f | |
0001803f | 6560 | (command)g(to)h(replace)g(the)g(command)f(itself.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
6561 | 1519 y(Command)29 b(substitution)h(o)s(ccurs)h(when)e(a)i(command)f(is) |
6562 | g(enclosed)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:)390 1653 y Fs($\()p Fi(command)11 | |
6563 | b Fs(\))150 1786 y Ft(or)390 1919 y Fs(`)p Fi(command)g | |
6564 | Fs(`)150 2052 y Ft(Bash)45 b(p)s(erforms)f(the)h(expansion)f(b)m(y)h | |
0001803f | 6565 | (executing)i Fq(command)h Ft(and)c(replacing)i(the)f(command)g(sub-)150 |
495aee44 | 6566 | 2162 y(stitution)c(with)f(the)g(standard)g(output)g(of)g(the)g |
17345e5a | 6567 | (command,)j(with)d(an)m(y)h(trailing)g(newlines)f(deleted.)150 |
495aee44 | 6568 | 2271 y(Em)m(b)s(edded)30 b(newlines)h(are)h(not)f(deleted,)i(but)e |
17345e5a | 6569 | (they)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(during)d(w)m(ord)h(splitting.) |
495aee44 | 6570 | 44 b(The)150 2381 y(command)21 b(substitution)g Fs($\(cat)29 |
0001803f | 6571 | b Fi(file)11 b Fs(\))20 b Ft(can)i(b)s(e)f(replaced)g(b)m(y)h(the)g |
17345e5a | 6572 | (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)22 b(but)f(faster)h Fs($\(<)30 b |
495aee44 | 6573 | Fi(file)11 b Fs(\))p Ft(.)275 2514 y(When)33 b(the)i(old-st)m(yle)h |
17345e5a | 6574 | (bac)m(kquote)f(form)f(of)g(substitution)g(is)g(used,)h(bac)m(kslash)f |
495aee44 | 6575 | (retains)h(its)f(literal)150 2624 y(meaning)k(except)h(when)e(follo)m |
17345e5a JA |
6576 | (w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)j(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)f(or)e(`)p |
6577 | Fs(\\)p Ft('.)64 b(The)38 b(\014rst)f(bac)m(kquote)j(not)e(preceded)g | |
495aee44 CR |
6578 | (b)m(y)g(a)150 2733 y(bac)m(kslash)j(terminates)g(the)f(command)g |
6579 | (substitution.)69 b(When)40 b(using)g(the)g Fs($\()p | |
6580 | Fi(command)11 b Fs(\))37 b Ft(form,)42 b(all)150 2843 | |
6581 | y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)f(paren)m(theses)h(mak)m(e) | |
6582 | g(up)f(the)g(command;)h(none)f(are)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 | |
6583 | b(.)275 2976 y(Command)22 b(substitutions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(nested.)39 | |
6584 | b(T)-8 b(o)23 b(nest)g(when)f(using)h(the)g(bac)m(kquoted)h(form,)g | |
6585 | (escap)s(e)150 3086 y(the)31 b(inner)e(bac)m(kquotes)j(with)e(bac)m | |
6586 | (kslashes.)275 3219 y(If)e(the)i(substitution)e(app)s(ears)h(within)g | |
6587 | (double)f(quotes,)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)g(expansion) | |
6588 | 150 3329 y(are)i(not)f(p)s(erformed)f(on)h(the)h(results.)150 | |
6589 | 3526 y Fj(3.5.5)63 b(Arithmetic)40 b(Expansion)150 3672 | |
0001803f CR |
6590 | y Ft(Arithmetic)25 b(expansion)g(allo)m(ws)g(the)g(ev)-5 |
6591 | b(aluation)26 b(of)f(an)f(arithmetic)i(expression)e(and)g(the)g | |
495aee44 CR |
6592 | (substitution)150 3782 y(of)31 b(the)f(result.)41 b(The)30 |
6593 | b(format)g(for)g(arithmetic)i(expansion)e(is:)390 3915 | |
6594 | y Fs($\(\()47 b Fi(expression)55 b Fs(\)\))275 4049 y | |
17345e5a JA |
6595 | Ft(The)33 b(expression)g(is)h(treated)g(as)g(if)g(it)g(w)m(ere)g |
6596 | (within)f(double)h(quotes,)h(but)e(a)h(double)f(quote)h(inside)150 | |
495aee44 | 6597 | 4158 y(the)27 b(paren)m(theses)g(is)g(not)g(treated)h(sp)s(ecially)-8 |
17345e5a | 6598 | b(.)41 b(All)27 b(tok)m(ens)h(in)e(the)h(expression)g(undergo)f |
495aee44 | 6599 | (parameter)h(ex-)150 4268 y(pansion,)h(command)f(substitution,)h(and)f |
17345e5a | 6600 | (quote)i(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)41 b(Arithmetic)28 b(expansions)g(ma)m(y)g |
495aee44 | 6601 | (b)s(e)f(nested.)275 4401 y(The)34 b(ev)-5 b(aluation)37 |
17345e5a | 6602 | b(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(according)i(to)g(the)g(rules)f(listed)h(b)s(elo)m |
495aee44 CR |
6603 | (w)g(\(see)g(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell)150 4511 y(Arithmetic],)32 |
6604 | b(page)f(80\).)42 b(If)30 b(the)h(expression)f(is)g(in)m(v)-5 | |
17345e5a | 6605 | b(alid,)32 b(Bash)e(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(message)g(indicating)h(failure)150 |
495aee44 CR |
6606 | 4620 y(to)f(the)g(standard)e(error)h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s |
6607 | (ccurs.)150 4817 y Fj(3.5.6)63 b(Pro)s(cess)42 b(Substitution)150 | |
6608 | 4964 y Ft(Pro)s(cess)i(substitution)g(is)g(supp)s(orted)f(on)h(systems) | |
0001803f | 6609 | g(that)h(supp)s(ort)d(named)i(pip)s(es)f(\()p Fl(fif)n(o)p |
495aee44 | 6610 | Ft(s\))i(or)f(the)150 5073 y(`)p Fs(/dev/fd)p Ft(')29 |
0001803f | 6611 | b(metho)s(d)h(of)g(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)41 b(It)30 |
495aee44 CR |
6612 | b(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390 5207 y Fs(<\()p Fi(list)11 |
6613 | b Fs(\))150 5340 y Ft(or)p eop end | |
6614 | %%Page: 25 31 | |
6615 | TeXDict begin 25 30 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6616 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(25)390 299 | |
6617 | y Fs(>\()p Fi(list)11 b Fs(\))150 434 y Ft(The)23 b(pro)s(cess)g | |
6618 | Fq(list)j Ft(is)d(run)f(with)h(its)h(input)f(or)g(output)g(connected)h | |
6619 | (to)h(a)e Fl(fif)n(o)g Ft(or)h(some)g(\014le)f(in)g(`)p | |
6620 | Fs(/dev/fd)p Ft('.)150 544 y(The)28 b(name)h(of)g(this)f(\014le)h(is)g | |
6621 | (passed)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(command)h(as) | |
6622 | f(the)h(result)g(of)g(the)150 654 y(expansion.)40 b(If)28 | |
6623 | b(the)h Fs(>\()p Fi(list)11 b Fs(\))26 b Ft(form)h(is)i(used,)f | |
6624 | (writing)h(to)g(the)f(\014le)h(will)g(pro)m(vide)f(input)g(for)g | |
6625 | Fq(list)r Ft(.)41 b(If)28 b(the)150 763 y Fs(<\()p Fi(list)11 | |
17345e5a JA |
6626 | b Fs(\))23 b Ft(form)h(is)i(used,)f(the)h(\014le)f(passed)g(as)g(an)g |
6627 | (argumen)m(t)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(read)g(to)h(obtain)g(the)f(output)g(of) | |
495aee44 | 6628 | 150 873 y Fq(list)r Ft(.)41 b(Note)31 b(that)f(no)f(space)h(ma)m(y)g |
0001803f CR |
6629 | (app)s(ear)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g Fs(<)f Ft(or)h |
6630 | Fs(>)f Ft(and)g(the)g(left)h(paren)m(thesis,)h(otherwise)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6631 | 982 y(the)g(construct)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(a)h |
6632 | (redirection.)275 1118 y(When)36 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)40 | |
0001803f | 6633 | b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(sim)m(ultaneously)i |
495aee44 | 6634 | (with)g(parameter)g(and)150 1228 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
0001803f | 6635 | b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)i(expansion.) |
495aee44 CR |
6636 | 150 1428 y Fj(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41 b(Splitting)150 |
6637 | 1575 y Ft(The)30 b(shell)h(scans)g(the)g(results)f(of)h(parameter)g | |
0001803f | 6638 | (expansion,)g(command)g(substitution,)g(and)f(arithmetic)150 |
495aee44 CR |
6639 | 1685 y(expansion)g(that)h(did)f(not)g(o)s(ccur)h(within)e(double)h |
6640 | (quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275 1820 y(The)43 | |
0001803f CR |
6641 | b(shell)h(treats)h(eac)m(h)h(c)m(haracter)f(of)g Fs($IFS)e |
6642 | Ft(as)h(a)g(delimiter,)49 b(and)43 b(splits)h(the)h(results)e(of)i(the) | |
495aee44 | 6643 | 150 1930 y(other)40 b(expansions)f(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)e(on)h(these)g(c) |
0001803f | 6644 | m(haracters.)70 b(If)39 b Fs(IFS)g Ft(is)h(unset,)i(or)d(its)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 6645 | b(alue)40 b(is)g(exactly)150 2039 y Fs(<space><tab><newline>)p |
0001803f CR |
6646 | Ft(,)26 b(the)32 b(default,)g(then)f(sequences)h(of)62 |
6647 | b Fs(<space>)p Ft(,)30 b Fs(<tab>)p Ft(,)h(and)f Fs(<newline>)150 | |
495aee44 | 6648 | 2149 y Ft(at)39 b(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(and)f(end)h(of)g(the)h(results)f |
0001803f | 6649 | (of)g(the)g(previous)g(expansions)g(are)g(ignored,)j(and)d(an)m(y)150 |
495aee44 | 6650 | 2258 y(sequence)31 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f Ft(c)m(haracters)j(not)e(at)g(the)g |
0001803f | 6651 | (b)s(eginning)g(or)f(end)h(serv)m(es)g(to)h(delimit)f(w)m(ords.)42 |
495aee44 | 6652 | b(If)30 b Fs(IFS)g Ft(has)150 2368 y(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 |
0001803f CR |
6653 | b(other)g(than)g(the)g(default,)g(then)f(sequences)h(of)g(the)g |
6654 | (whitespace)g(c)m(haracters)h Fs(space)e Ft(and)g Fs(tab)150 | |
495aee44 | 6655 | 2478 y Ft(are)36 b(ignored)g(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(and)g(end)g(of)h |
0001803f | 6656 | (the)g(w)m(ord,)h(as)f(long)g(as)g(the)g(whitespace)h(c)m(haracter)g |
495aee44 | 6657 | (is)150 2587 y(in)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f |
0001803f CR |
6658 | Ft(\(an)h Fs(IFS)f Ft(whitespace)h(c)m(haracter\).)60 |
6659 | b(An)m(y)35 b(c)m(haracter)j(in)d Fs(IFS)g Ft(that)i(is)f(not)g | |
495aee44 CR |
6660 | Fs(IFS)150 2697 y Ft(whitespace,)27 b(along)f(with)f(an)m(y)g(adjacen)m |
6661 | (t)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(whitespace)i(c)m(haracters,)i(delimits)e(a)f(\014eld.) | |
6662 | 38 b(A)26 b(sequence)150 2806 y(of)35 b Fs(IFS)f Ft(whitespace)h(c)m | |
6663 | (haracters)i(is)d(also)i(treated)g(as)f(a)g(delimiter.)55 | |
6664 | b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f Ft(is)h(n)m(ull,)h(no) | |
6665 | 150 2916 y(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)275 3052 | |
6666 | y(Explicit)44 b(n)m(ull)f(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Fs("")g | |
6667 | Ft(or)h Fs('')p Ft(\))f(are)g(retained.)80 b(Unquoted)43 | |
6668 | b(implicit)h(n)m(ull)f(argumen)m(ts,)150 3161 y(resulting)24 | |
0001803f CR |
6669 | b(from)f(the)g(expansion)g(of)h(parameters)g(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)e |
6670 | (v)-5 b(alues,)25 b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)40 b(If)23 b(a)g(parameter)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6671 | 3271 y(with)30 b(no)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(expanded)e(within)h(double) |
6672 | g(quotes,)h(a)g(n)m(ull)f(argumen)m(t)h(results)f(and)g(is)g(retained.) | |
6673 | 275 3406 y(Note)h(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h | |
6674 | (splitting)g(is)f(p)s(erformed.)150 3607 y Fj(3.5.8)63 | |
6675 | b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)150 3754 y Ft(After)26 b(w)m(ord)g | |
0001803f CR |
6676 | (splitting,)i(unless)d(the)i(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)g(has)g(b)s(een) |
6677 | f(set)i(\(see)g(Section)g(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)150 | |
495aee44 | 6678 | 3863 y(page)h(54\),)i(Bash)d(scans)h(eac)m(h)h(w)m(ord)e(for)g(the)h(c) |
0001803f CR |
6679 | m(haracters)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p |
6680 | Fs([)p Ft('.)39 b(If)26 b(one)h(of)g(these)f(c)m(haracters)150 | |
495aee44 | 6681 | 3973 y(app)s(ears,)h(then)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)h(regarded)g(as)g(a)g |
0001803f | 6682 | Fq(pattern)p Ft(,)g(and)g(replaced)g(with)f(an)h(alphab)s(etically)h |
495aee44 | 6683 | (sorted)150 4082 y(list)k(of)g(\014le)g(names)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f |
0001803f | 6684 | (pattern.)45 b(If)32 b(no)f(matc)m(hing)i(\014le)f(names)g(are)g |
495aee44 | 6685 | (found,)f(and)h(the)g(shell)150 4192 y(option)c Fs(nullglob)e |
0001803f CR |
6686 | Ft(is)i(disabled,)h(the)f(w)m(ord)g(is)g(left)g(unc)m(hanged.)40 |
6687 | b(If)28 b(the)g Fs(nullglob)e Ft(option)i(is)g(set,)i(and)150 | |
495aee44 | 6688 | 4302 y(no)38 b(matc)m(hes)h(are)f(found,)h(the)f(w)m(ord)f(is)h(remo)m |
0001803f | 6689 | (v)m(ed.)65 b(If)37 b(the)h Fs(failglob)e Ft(shell)i(option)g(is)g |
495aee44 | 6690 | (set,)j(and)c(no)150 4411 y(matc)m(hes)f(are)g(found,)f(an)g(error)f |
0001803f | 6691 | (message)j(is)e(prin)m(ted)f(and)h(the)g(command)g(is)g(not)g |
495aee44 | 6692 | (executed.)56 b(If)35 b(the)150 4521 y(shell)e(option)h |
0001803f | 6693 | Fs(nocaseglob)c Ft(is)j(enabled,)h(the)g(matc)m(h)g(is)f(p)s(erformed)e |
495aee44 CR |
6694 | (without)i(regard)g(to)h(the)g(case)g(of)150 4630 y(alphab)s(etic)d(c)m |
6695 | (haracters.)275 4766 y(When)23 b(a)h(pattern)f(is)h(used)f(for)g | |
0001803f | 6696 | (\014lename)h(expansion,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Fs(.)p |
495aee44 | 6697 | Ft(')f(at)g(the)g(start)g(of)g(a)g(\014lename)150 4876 |
0001803f CR |
6698 | y(or)f(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc) |
6699 | m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g | |
495aee44 | 6700 | Fs(dotglob)150 4985 y Ft(is)31 b(set.)45 b(When)31 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g |
17345e5a | 6701 | (\014le)f(name,)h(the)g(slash)f(c)m(haracter)i(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i |
495aee44 | 6702 | (b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 5095 y(In)30 |
17345e5a | 6703 | b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h |
495aee44 | 6704 | (treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 5230 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g |
17345e5a | 6705 | (of)g Fs(shopt)e Ft(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i |
495aee44 | 6706 | (page)g(57,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150 5340 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h |
17345e5a | 6707 | Fs(nocaseglob)p Ft(,)d Fs(nullglob)p Ft(,)g Fs(failglob)p |
495aee44 CR |
6708 | Ft(,)h(and)g Fs(dotglob)g Ft(options.)p eop end |
6709 | %%Page: 26 32 | |
6710 | TeXDict begin 26 31 bop 150 -116 a Ft(26)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6711 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(The)h Fs(GLOBIGNORE)f | |
6712 | Ft(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(restrict)g | |
6713 | (the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150 408 | |
6714 | y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)e Ft(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g(matc)m | |
6715 | (hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g | |
6716 | (patterns)150 518 y(in)33 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)d Ft(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h | |
17345e5a | 6717 | (from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)50 b(The)33 b(\014lenames)g(`)p |
0001803f | 6718 | Fs(.)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(..)p Ft(')h(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)150 |
495aee44 | 6719 | 628 y(ignored)g(when)e Fs(GLOBIGNORE)f Ft(is)j(set)g(and)f(not)h(n)m |
17345e5a | 6720 | (ull.)48 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(setting)f Fs(GLOBIGNORE)c |
495aee44 | 6721 | Ft(to)j(a)g(non-n)m(ull)150 737 y(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(has)f(the)h |
17345e5a | 6722 | (e\013ect)h(of)f(enabling)g(the)g Fs(dotglob)e Ft(shell)h(option,)j(so) |
495aee44 | 6723 | e(all)g(other)g(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)150 847 y(with)43 |
17345e5a JA |
6724 | b(a)h(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')f(will)h(matc)m(h.)80 b(T)-8 b(o)44 |
6725 | b(get)h(the)e(old)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)h(ignoring)f(\014lenames)h(b)s | |
495aee44 | 6726 | (eginning)f(with)g(a)150 956 y(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(',)c(mak)m(e)g(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
6727 | Fs(.*)p Ft(')e(one)g(of)g(the)h(patterns)f(in)g Fs(GLOBIGNORE)p |
6728 | Ft(.)58 b(The)37 b Fs(dotglob)e Ft(option)j(is)f(disabled)g(when)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6729 | 1066 y Fs(GLOBIGNORE)28 b Ft(is)i(unset.)150 1251 y Fj(3.5.8.1)63 |
6730 | b(P)m(attern)40 b(Matc)m(hing)150 1398 y Ft(An)m(y)24 | |
0001803f CR |
6731 | b(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(app)s(ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)i(other)e(than)f |
6732 | (the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(describ)s(ed)150 | |
495aee44 | 6733 | 1508 y(b)s(elo)m(w,)31 b(matc)m(hes)g(itself.)42 b(The)29 |
0001803f | 6734 | b Fl(nul)h Ft(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)e(not)h(o)s(ccur)f(in)g(a)h |
495aee44 | 6735 | (pattern.)40 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)g(escap)s(es)150 1618 |
0001803f CR |
6736 | y(the)38 b(follo)m(wing)g(c)m(haracter;)43 b(the)37 b(escaping)i(bac)m |
6737 | (kslash)e(is)h(discarded)f(when)f(matc)m(hing.)63 b(The)36 | |
495aee44 | 6738 | b(sp)s(ecial)150 1727 y(pattern)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e |
0001803f | 6739 | (quoted)i(if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8 |
495aee44 CR |
6740 | b(.)275 1855 y(The)29 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m |
6741 | (e)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)150 2000 y Fs(*)432 | |
17345e5a JA |
6742 | b Ft(Matc)m(hes)31 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g |
6743 | (string.)41 b(When)29 b(the)g Fs(globstar)e Ft(shell)i(option)630 | |
495aee44 | 6744 | 2110 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h |
17345e5a | 6745 | (\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p |
495aee44 | 6746 | Fs(*)p Ft('s)630 2219 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc) |
17345e5a | 6747 | m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630 |
495aee44 | 6748 | 2329 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p |
17345e5a | 6749 | Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft('s)e(will)g |
495aee44 CR |
6750 | (matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 2439 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150 |
6751 | 2584 y Fs(?)432 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.) | |
6752 | 150 2730 y Fs([...)o(])241 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g | |
6753 | (the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters) | |
6754 | i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 2839 y(h)m(yphen)i(denotes)h(a)g | |
17345e5a | 6755 | Fq(range)g(expression)p Ft(;)g(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)g(that)f(sorts)g |
495aee44 | 6756 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)h(t)m(w)m(o)630 2949 y(c)m(haracters,)f |
17345e5a | 6757 | (inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g |
495aee44 | 6758 | (sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 3058 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42 |
17345e5a JA |
6759 | b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p |
6760 | Fs([)p Ft(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p | |
495aee44 | 6761 | Fs(^)p Ft(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3168 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g |
17345e5a | 6762 | (is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fp(\000)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e |
495aee44 | 6763 | (matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3278 |
17345e5a JA |
6764 | y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50 |
6765 | b(A)33 b(`)p Fs(])p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f | |
495aee44 | 6766 | (including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3387 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e |
17345e5a | 6767 | (the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f |
495aee44 | 6768 | (range)g(expressions)f(is)630 3497 y(determined)e(b)m(y)g(the)g(curren) |
17345e5a | 6769 | m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)e(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(of)g(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
6770 | Fs(LC_COLLATE)c Ft(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariable,)630 3606 y(if)30 |
6771 | b(set.)630 3734 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f | |
17345e5a | 6772 | (lo)s(cale,)k(`)p Fs([a-dx-z])p Ft(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5 |
495aee44 | 6773 | b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p Fs([abcdxyz])p Ft('.)630 3843 |
17345e5a | 6774 | y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m(haracters)h(in)e(dictionary)i |
495aee44 | 6775 | (order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s(cales)630 3953 |
17345e5a JA |
6776 | y(`)p Fs([a-dx-z])p Ft(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e(equiv)-5 |
6777 | b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Fs([abcdxyz])p Ft(';)g(it)g(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)f | |
495aee44 | 6778 | (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4063 y(to)34 b(`)p Fs([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p |
17345e5a | 6779 | Ft(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h |
495aee44 | 6780 | (in)m(terpretation)h(of)630 4172 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i |
17345e5a | 6781 | (expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s |
495aee44 | 6782 | (cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630 4282 y(the)e Fs(LC_COLLATE)c |
17345e5a | 6783 | Ft(or)k Fs(LC_ALL)d Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)j(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
495aee44 | 6784 | b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(`)p Fs(C)p Ft('.)630 4409 |
17345e5a JA |
6785 | y(Within)23 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')h(and)e(`)p Fs(])p Ft(',)j |
6786 | Fq(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j Ft(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f | |
6787 | (the)i(syn)m(tax)f Fs([:)p Fq(class)t Fs(:])p Ft(,)630 | |
495aee44 | 6788 | 4519 y(where)30 b Fq(class)35 b Ft(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m |
17345e5a | 6789 | (wing)h(classes)f(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(standard:)870 |
495aee44 CR |
6790 | 4647 y Fs(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g |
6791 | (lower)870 4756 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 | |
6792 | b(xdigit)630 4884 y Ft(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m | |
17345e5a | 6793 | (y)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 |
495aee44 | 6794 | b(The)41 b Fs(word)630 4993 y Ft(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h |
17345e5a | 6795 | (letters,)f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p |
495aee44 | 6796 | Fs(_)p Ft('.)630 5121 y(Within)25 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
6797 | Fs(])p Ft(',)i(an)e Fq(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j |
6798 | Ft(can)24 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h | |
495aee44 | 6799 | Fs([=)p Fq(c)6 b Fs(=])p Ft(,)630 5230 y(whic)m(h)29 |
17345e5a | 6800 | b(matc)m(hes)i(all)f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w) |
495aee44 | 6801 | m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 5340 |
17345e5a | 6802 | y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)h(c)m(haracter)h |
495aee44 CR |
6803 | Fq(c)6 b Ft(.)p eop end |
6804 | %%Page: 27 33 | |
6805 | TeXDict begin 27 32 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6806 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(27)630 299 | |
6807 | y(Within)21 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')h(and)e(`)p Fs(])p Ft(',)j(the)f(syn)m | |
6808 | (tax)f Fs([.)p Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Fs(.])f Ft(matc)m(hes)i(the)f | |
6809 | (collating)j(sym)m(b)s(ol)c Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.)275 | |
6810 | 450 y(If)29 b(the)g Fs(extglob)f Ft(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f | |
6811 | (using)g(the)h Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f | |
6812 | (pattern)150 560 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58 | |
17345e5a | 6813 | b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fq(pattern-list)j |
495aee44 CR |
6814 | Ft(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 669 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f(separated) |
6815 | h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Fs(|)p Ft('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33 b(patterns)f(ma)m | |
6816 | (y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150 779 y(more)e(of)f(the)h | |
6817 | (follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 930 y Fs(?\()p Fi(pattern-list)11 | |
6818 | b Fs(\))630 1040 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h | |
6819 | (of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150 1191 y Fs(*\()p | |
6820 | Fi(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630 1300 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 | |
6821 | b(zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) | |
6822 | 150 1452 y Fs(+\()p Fi(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630 1561 | |
6823 | y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv) | |
6824 | m(en)i(patterns.)150 1712 y Fs(@\()p Fi(pattern-list)11 | |
6825 | b Fs(\))630 1822 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g | |
6826 | (patterns.)150 1973 y Fs(!\()p Fi(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630 | |
6827 | 2083 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m | |
6828 | (en)g(patterns.)150 2274 y Fj(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 | |
6829 | b(al)150 2421 y Ft(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f | |
0001803f CR |
6830 | (unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p |
6831 | Fs(\\)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(')p Ft(',)f(and)g(`)p Fs(")p Ft(')150 | |
495aee44 CR |
6832 | 2530 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m |
6833 | (e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 2754 y Fr(3.6)68 | |
6834 | b(Redirections)150 2914 y Ft(Before)43 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)j | |
6835 | (its)d(input)f(and)g(output)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e Fq(redirected)k | |
6836 | Ft(using)c(a)h(sp)s(ecial)150 3023 y(notation)33 b(in)m(terpreted)g(b)m | |
6837 | (y)f(the)g(shell.)46 b(Redirection)33 b(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(used)f | |
6838 | (to)i(op)s(en)e(and)h(close)h(\014les)f(for)150 3133 | |
6839 | y(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)g(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)49 | |
6840 | b(The)33 b(follo)m(wing)h(redirection)g(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)h | |
6841 | (precede)150 3243 y(or)29 b(app)s(ear)g(an)m(ywhere)g(within)g(a)h | |
6842 | (simple)f(command)g(or)h(ma)m(y)g(follo)m(w)g(a)g(command.)40 | |
6843 | b(Redirections)31 b(are)150 3352 y(pro)s(cessed)f(in)g(the)g(order)g | |
6844 | (they)h(app)s(ear,)f(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275 | |
6845 | 3483 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b) | |
0001803f | 6846 | m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b) |
495aee44 | 6847 | s(e)150 3592 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(of)g(the)g(form)g |
0001803f | 6848 | Fs({)p Fq(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fs(})p Ft(.)72 b(In)40 b(this)h(case,)k |
495aee44 | 6849 | (for)c(eac)m(h)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)150 3702 y(except)30 |
0001803f CR |
6850 | b Fs(>)p Ft(&-)f(and)f Fs(<)p Ft(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s |
6851 | (cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i | |
495aee44 | 6852 | (it)f(to)150 3811 y Fs({)p Fq(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fs(})p |
0001803f CR |
6853 | Ft(.)42 b(If)31 b Fs(>)p Ft(&-)f(or)h Fs(<)p Ft(&-)g(is)g(preceded)g(b) |
6854 | m(y)g Fs({)p Fq(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fs(})p Ft(,)31 b(the)g(v)-5 | |
6855 | b(alue)31 b(of)g Fq(v)-5 b(arname)37 b Ft(de\014nes)30 | |
495aee44 CR |
6856 | b(the)h(\014le)150 3921 y(descriptor)f(to)h(close.)275 |
6857 | 4051 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g | |
17345e5a | 6858 | (descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g |
495aee44 | 6859 | (c)m(har-)150 4161 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g |
17345e5a | 6860 | (is)g(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 6861 | (standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 4271 y(descriptor)33 |
17345e5a JA |
6862 | b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f |
6863 | (redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(',)h(the)f(redirection) | |
495aee44 CR |
6864 | g(refers)150 4380 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h |
6865 | (descriptor)f(1\).)275 4510 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f | |
17345e5a | 6866 | (redirection)g(op)s(erator)f(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f |
495aee44 | 6867 | (unless)e(other-)150 4620 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 |
17345e5a | 6868 | b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter) |
495aee44 | 6869 | e(expansion,)i(command)150 4730 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h |
17345e5a | 6870 | (expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g |
495aee44 | 6871 | (and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 4839 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g |
17345e5a | 6872 | (than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275 |
495aee44 | 6873 | 4970 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g |
17345e5a | 6874 | (signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390 |
495aee44 | 6875 | 5100 y Fs(ls)47 b(>)h Fi(dirlist)56 b Fs(2>&1)150 5230 |
17345e5a JA |
6876 | y Ft(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f |
6877 | (1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the) | |
495aee44 CR |
6878 | 150 5340 y(\014le)h Fq(dirlist)r Ft(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)p |
6879 | eop end | |
6880 | %%Page: 28 34 | |
6881 | TeXDict begin 28 33 bop 150 -116 a Ft(28)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
6882 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g | |
6883 | Fi(dirlist)150 428 y Ft(directs)28 b(only)f(the)g(standard)g(output)g | |
6884 | (to)h(\014le)f Fq(dirlist)r Ft(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error) | |
6885 | g(w)m(as)g(made)h(a)f(cop)m(y)150 537 y(of)k(the)f(standard)g(output)g | |
6886 | (b)s(efore)g(the)g(standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g | |
6887 | Fq(dirlist)r Ft(.)275 666 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j | |
6888 | (\014lenames)e(sp)s(ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g | |
6889 | (redirections,)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)150 776 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)g | |
6890 | (table:)150 924 y Fs(/dev/fd/)p Fi(fd)630 1034 y Ft(If)f | |
6891 | Fq(fd)j Ft(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor) | |
6892 | h Fq(fd)i Ft(is)d(duplicated.)150 1182 y Fs(/dev/stdin)630 | |
6893 | 1292 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 | |
6894 | 1440 y Fs(/dev/stdout)630 1550 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(1)h(is)f | |
6895 | (duplicated.)150 1698 y Fs(/dev/stderr)630 1807 y Ft(File)i(descriptor) | |
6896 | e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 1956 y Fs(/dev/tcp/)p Fi(host)11 | |
6897 | b Fs(/)p Fi(port)630 2065 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 6898 | b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c |
495aee44 | 6899 | Fq(p)s(ort)j Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 2175 |
0001803f | 6900 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(or)h(service)h(name,)j(Bash)c(attempts)h(to)g(op)s |
495aee44 CR |
6901 | (en)f(a)g(TCP)g(connection)h(to)g(the)630 2285 y(corresp)s(onding)29 |
6902 | b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 2433 y Fs(/dev/udp/)p Fi(host)11 | |
6903 | b Fs(/)p Fi(port)630 2542 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5 | |
6904 | b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c | |
6905 | Fq(p)s(ort)j Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 2652 | |
6906 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(or)i(service)g(name,)k(Bash)c(attempts)g(to)h(op)s | |
6907 | (en)e(a)h(UDP)g(connection)g(to)h(the)630 2762 y(corresp)s(onding)29 | |
6908 | b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)275 2910 y(A)h(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create) | |
6909 | h(a)e(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 | |
6910 | 3039 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f | |
6911 | (9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 | |
6912 | 3148 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f | |
6913 | (in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 3337 y Fj(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 | |
6914 | b(Input)150 3483 y Ft(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f | |
6915 | (\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g | |
6916 | Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(to)d(b)s(e)150 3593 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g | |
6917 | (\014le)h(descriptor)f Fs(n)p Ft(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f | |
6918 | (\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(0\))h(if)f Fs(n)g Ft(is)h(not)150 | |
6919 | 3703 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 3832 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h | |
6920 | (redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 3961 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 | |
6921 | b Fs(]<)p Fi(word)150 4149 y Fj(3.6.2)63 b(Redirecting)40 | |
6922 | b(Output)150 4296 y Ft(Redirection)31 b(of)g(output)f(causes)h(the)f | |
0001803f | 6923 | (\014le)h(whose)f(name)g(results)h(from)e(the)i(expansion)f(of)h |
495aee44 | 6924 | Fq(w)m(ord)i Ft(to)f(b)s(e)150 4405 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(writing)g(on)g |
0001803f CR |
6925 | (\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h |
6926 | (\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(1\))h(if)g Fq(n)e Ft(is)i(not)150 | |
495aee44 | 6927 | 4515 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(do)s(es)f(not)h |
0001803f | 6928 | (exist)g(it)g(is)f(created;)i(if)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(exist)h(it)g(is)g |
495aee44 CR |
6929 | (truncated)f(to)h(zero)g(size.)275 4644 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for) |
6930 | h(redirecting)g(output)f(is:)390 4773 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 | |
6931 | b Fs(]>[|])p Fi(word)275 4902 y Ft(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s | |
0001803f CR |
6932 | (erator)g(is)g(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(',)g(and)f(the)h Fs(noclobber)d |
6933 | Ft(option)j(to)g(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)g(has)h(b)s(een)150 | |
495aee44 | 6934 | 5011 y(enabled,)i(the)f(redirection)h(will)f(fail)h(if)f(the)g(\014le)g |
0001803f | 6935 | (whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g |
495aee44 | 6936 | Fq(w)m(ord)150 5121 y Ft(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41 |
17345e5a JA |
6937 | b(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p |
6938 | Fs(>|)p Ft(',)h(or)f(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)150 | |
495aee44 | 6939 | 5230 y(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(')36 b(and)f(the)g Fs(noclobber)e |
17345e5a | 6940 | Ft(option)j(is)g(not)g(enabled,)h(the)e(redirection)h(is)g(attempted)g |
495aee44 CR |
6941 | (ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 5340 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g |
6942 | Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(exists.)p eop end | |
6943 | %%Page: 29 35 | |
6944 | TeXDict begin 29 34 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
6945 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(29)150 299 | |
6946 | y Fj(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Redirected)e(Output)150 | |
6947 | 446 y Ft(Redirection)23 b(of)e(output)h(in)f(this)h(fashion)f(causes)h | |
6948 | (the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of) | |
6949 | 150 555 y Fq(w)m(ord)28 b Ft(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)h(app)s | |
6950 | (ending)e(on)i(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)g(standard) | |
6951 | f(output)h(\(\014le)g(descriptor)150 665 y(1\))31 b(if)f | |
6952 | Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s | |
6953 | (es)g(not)h(exist)g(it)g(is)f(created.)275 803 y(The)f(general)j | |
6954 | (format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e(output)h(is:)390 940 y | |
6955 | Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]>>)p Fi(word)150 1143 y Fj(3.6.4)63 | |
6956 | b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g(Standard)g(Error)150 | |
6957 | 1290 y Ft(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s(oth)f(the)g(standard)g | |
0001803f | 6958 | (output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f(the)g(standard)f(error) |
495aee44 CR |
6959 | 150 1399 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f |
6960 | (redirected)h(to)g(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)h(is)f(the)g(expansion)h | |
6961 | (of)f Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(.)275 1537 y(There)f(are)i(t)m(w)m(o)h(formats)e | |
6962 | (for)h(redirecting)g(standard)e(output)h(and)g(standard)f(error:)390 | |
6963 | 1675 y Fs(&>)p Fi(word)150 1812 y Ft(and)390 1950 y Fs(>&)p | |
6964 | Fi(word)150 2087 y Ft(Of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e | |
6965 | (is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30 b(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 | |
6966 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)390 2225 y Fs(>)p Fi(word)57 b Fs(2>&1)150 | |
6967 | 2427 y Fj(3.6.5)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Standard)f(Output)g(and)g | |
6968 | (Standard)g(Error)150 2574 y Ft(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s | |
6969 | (oth)f(the)g(standard)g(output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f | |
6970 | (the)g(standard)f(error)150 2684 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f | |
6971 | (2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f(app)s(ended)f(to)i(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g | |
6972 | (is)h(the)f(expansion)h(of)f Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(.)275 2822 | |
6973 | y(The)f(format)i(for)f(app)s(ending)f(standard)h(output)g(and)f | |
6974 | (standard)h(error)g(is:)390 2959 y Fs(&>>)p Fi(word)150 | |
6975 | 3097 y Ft(This)g(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 | |
6976 | b(to)390 3235 y Fs(>>)p Fi(word)57 b Fs(2>&1)150 3437 | |
6977 | y Fj(3.6.6)63 b(Here)41 b(Do)s(cumen)m(ts)150 3584 y | |
6978 | Ft(This)c(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f(redirection)i(instructs)e(the)h(shell)f(to) | |
6979 | i(read)e(input)g(from)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(source)h(un)m(til)g(a)150 | |
6980 | 3694 y(line)31 b(con)m(taining)g(only)g Fq(w)m(ord)i | |
6981 | Ft(\(with)d(no)h(trailing)g(blanks\))f(is)g(seen.)41 | |
17345e5a | 6982 | b(All)31 b(of)f(the)h(lines)f(read)g(up)f(to)i(that)150 |
495aee44 CR |
6983 | 3803 y(p)s(oin)m(t)f(are)h(then)f(used)g(as)g(the)h(standard)f(input)f |
6984 | (for)h(a)h(command.)275 3941 y(The)e(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m | |
6985 | (ts)f(is:)390 4078 y Fs(<<[)p Fp(\000)p Fs(])p Fi(word)772 | |
6986 | 4188 y(here-document)390 4298 y(delimiter)275 4435 y | |
17345e5a | 6987 | Ft(No)j(parameter)h(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)h(arithmetic)h |
495aee44 | 6988 | (expansion,)f(or)f(\014lename)g(ex-)150 4545 y(pansion)h(is)h(p)s |
0001803f CR |
6989 | (erformed)f(on)g Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(.)54 b(If)34 b(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracters) |
6990 | i(in)d Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(are)d(quoted,)i(the)e Fq(delimiter)42 | |
495aee44 | 6991 | b Ft(is)35 b(the)150 4654 y(result)40 b(of)g(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 |
0001803f | 6992 | b(al)42 b(on)e Fq(w)m(ord)t Ft(,)i(and)d(the)i(lines)f(in)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 6993 | (here-do)s(cumen)m(t)h(are)f(not)g(expanded.)150 4764 |
17345e5a JA |
6994 | y(If)32 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)d(unquoted,)f(all)i(lines)f(of)f(the)h |
6995 | (here-do)s(cumen)m(t)g(are)g(sub)5 b(jected)32 b(to)i(parameter)f | |
495aee44 | 6996 | (expansion,)150 4874 y(command)25 b(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)h |
17345e5a | 6997 | (expansion.)39 b(In)24 b(the)h(latter)h(case,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i |
495aee44 | 6998 | (sequence)150 4983 y Fs(\\newline)h Ft(is)j(ignored,)f(and)g(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
6999 | Fs(\\)p Ft(')h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(quote)g(the)g(c)m |
7000 | (haracters)h(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(',)e(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)h(and)f(`)p | |
495aee44 | 7001 | Fs(`)p Ft('.)275 5121 y(If)21 b(the)i(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f |
0001803f | 7002 | (`)p Fs(<<-)p Ft(',)i(then)e(all)h(leading)g(tab)g(c)m(haracters)h(are) |
495aee44 | 7003 | e(stripp)s(ed)f(from)h(input)150 5230 y(lines)33 b(and)e(the)i(line)g |
0001803f CR |
7004 | (con)m(taining)h Fq(delimiter)7 b Ft(.)47 b(This)31 b(allo)m(ws)j |
7005 | (here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f(within)e(shell)i(scripts)f(to)150 | |
495aee44 | 7006 | 5340 y(b)s(e)e(inden)m(ted)g(in)g(a)h(natural)f(fashion.)p |
0001803f | 7007 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
7008 | %%Page: 30 36 |
7009 | TeXDict begin 30 35 bop 150 -116 a Ft(30)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
7010 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(3.6.7)63 b(Here)41 | |
7011 | b(Strings)150 446 y Ft(A)30 b(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)32 b(of)e(here)h(do)s | |
7012 | (cumen)m(ts,)f(the)g(format)h(is:)390 602 y Fs(<<<)47 | |
7013 | b Fi(word)275 758 y Ft(The)29 b Fq(w)m(ord)34 b Ft(is)c(expanded)g(and) | |
7014 | g(supplied)f(to)i(the)f(command)h(on)f(its)h(standard)e(input.)150 | |
7015 | 979 y Fj(3.6.8)63 b(Duplicating)41 b(File)g(Descriptors)150 | |
7016 | 1126 y Ft(The)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 1282 | |
7017 | y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]<&)p Fi(word)150 1438 y Ft(is)35 | |
7018 | b(used)e(to)j(duplicate)f(input)f(\014le)g(descriptors.)53 | |
7019 | b(If)34 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(expands)c(to)h(one)g(or)g(more)g(digits,)h | |
7020 | (the)f(\014le)150 1547 y(descriptor)e(denoted)h(b)m(y)g | |
7021 | Fq(n)f Ft(is)g(made)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(a)h(cop)m(y)g(of)g(that)g(\014le)g | |
7022 | (descriptor.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(digits)g(in)f Fq(w)m(ord)150 | |
7023 | 1657 y Ft(do)c(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)g(op)s(en)g | |
7024 | (for)g(input,)g(a)h(redirection)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)40 | |
7025 | b(If)29 b Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)150 1766 y(to)31 | |
7026 | b(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)g(closed.)43 | |
7027 | b(If)30 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)g(not)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)f(the)h(standard)f | |
7028 | (input)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))150 1876 y(is)g(used.)275 | |
7029 | 2032 y(The)f(op)s(erator)390 2188 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b | |
7030 | Fs(]>&)p Fi(word)150 2344 y Ft(is)40 b(used)g(similarly)h(to)g | |
7031 | (duplicate)f(output)g(\014le)h(descriptors.)70 b(If)40 | |
7032 | b Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)i(the)f(standard)150 | |
7033 | 2454 y(output)30 b(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))h(is)f(used.)39 | |
7034 | b(If)30 b(the)g(digits)h(in)e Fq(w)m(ord)34 b Ft(do)29 | |
7035 | b(not)i(sp)s(ecify)e(a)i(\014le)f(descriptor)g(op)s(en)150 | |
7036 | 2563 y(for)38 b(output,)i(a)e(redirection)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)63 | |
17345e5a | 7037 | b(As)38 b(a)h(sp)s(ecial)f(case,)k(if)c Fq(n)f Ft(is)h(omitted,)k(and) |
495aee44 CR |
7038 | 37 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(do)s(es)150 2673 y(not)28 b(expand)f(to)i(one)f |
7039 | (or)f(more)h(digits,)i(the)e(standard)e(output)i(and)f(standard)g | |
7040 | (error)g(are)i(redirected)f(as)150 2783 y(describ)s(ed)h(previously)-8 | |
7041 | b(.)150 3003 y Fj(3.6.9)63 b(Mo)m(ving)41 b(File)h(Descriptors)150 | |
7042 | 3150 y Ft(The)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 3306 | |
7043 | y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]<&)p Fi(digit)g Fs(-)150 3462 | |
7044 | y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)33 b(the)f(\014le)g(descriptor)f Fq(digit)k | |
17345e5a | 7045 | Ft(to)d(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)f(or)h(the)g(standard)f |
495aee44 | 7046 | (input)f(\(\014le)j(descriptor)e(0\))150 3572 y(if)f |
17345e5a JA |
7047 | Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b Fq(digit)33 |
7048 | b Ft(is)e(closed)g(after)g(b)s(eing)f(duplicated)g(to)h | |
495aee44 CR |
7049 | Fq(n)p Ft(.)275 3728 y(Similarly)-8 b(,)31 b(the)f(redirection)h(op)s |
7050 | (erator)390 3884 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(]>&)p Fi(digit)g | |
7051 | Fs(-)150 4040 y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)29 b(the)g(\014le)f(descriptor)f | |
17345e5a JA |
7052 | Fq(digit)k Ft(to)e(\014le)f(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)g |
7053 | (standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7054 | 4150 y(if)i Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150 |
7055 | 4370 y Fj(3.6.10)63 b(Op)s(ening)42 b(File)g(Descriptors)g(for)g | |
7056 | (Reading)e(and)h(W)-10 b(riting)150 4517 y Ft(The)30 | |
7057 | b(redirection)h(op)s(erator)390 4673 y Fs([)p Fi(n)11 | |
7058 | b Fs(]<>)p Fi(word)150 4829 y Ft(causes)39 b(the)g(\014le)g(whose)g | |
0001803f | 7059 | (name)g(is)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(to)d(b)s(e)g(op)s |
495aee44 | 7060 | (ened)f(for)g(b)s(oth)h(reading)g(and)150 4939 y(writing)33 |
0001803f CR |
7061 | b(on)f(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(n)p Ft(,)h(or)g(on)f(\014le)h |
7062 | (descriptor)g(0)g(if)f Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)47 | |
495aee44 CR |
7063 | b(If)32 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)150 5049 y(exist,)e(it)g(is)g |
7064 | (created.)150 5313 y Fr(3.7)68 b(Executing)46 b(Commands)p | |
7065 | eop end | |
0001803f CR |
7066 | %%Page: 31 37 |
7067 | TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
495aee44 CR |
7068 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)150 299 |
7069 | y Fj(3.7.1)63 b(Simple)41 b(Command)h(Expansion)150 446 | |
7070 | y Ft(When)33 b(a)g(simple)g(command)g(is)g(executed,)h(the)g(shell)f(p) | |
7071 | s(erforms)e(the)i(follo)m(wing)i(expansions,)e(assign-)150 | |
7072 | 555 y(men)m(ts,)e(and)f(redirections,)h(from)f(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.) | |
7073 | 199 702 y(1.)61 b(The)38 b(w)m(ords)f(that)i(the)g(parser)e(has)h(mark) | |
7074 | m(ed)g(as)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(\(those)g(preceding)f | |
7075 | (the)330 812 y(command)30 b(name\))h(and)f(redirections)h(are)f(sa)m(v) | |
7076 | m(ed)i(for)e(later)h(pro)s(cessing.)199 952 y(2.)61 b(The)39 | |
7077 | b(w)m(ords)g(that)i(are)f(not)g(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(ts)h | |
7078 | (or)e(redirections)i(are)f(expanded)f(\(see)h(Sec-)330 | |
7079 | 1062 y(tion)d(3.5)i([Shell)e(Expansions],)h(page)g(19\).)61 | |
7080 | b(If)37 b(an)m(y)g(w)m(ords)f(remain)h(after)h(expansion,)h(the)e | |
7081 | (\014rst)330 1171 y(w)m(ord)31 b(is)g(tak)m(en)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(the)g | |
7082 | (name)h(of)f(the)h(command)f(and)f(the)i(remaining)f(w)m(ords)g(are)g | |
7083 | (the)h(argu-)330 1281 y(men)m(ts.)199 1422 y(3.)61 b(Redirections)25 | |
7084 | b(are)f(p)s(erformed)f(as)h(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)g | |
7085 | (Section)g(3.6)g([Redirections],)i(page)d(27\).)199 1562 | |
7086 | y(4.)61 b(The)25 b(text)h(after)f(the)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')h(in)e(eac)m(h) | |
7087 | j(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(t)h(undergo)s(es)e(tilde)i | |
7088 | (expansion,)g(parameter)330 1672 y(expansion,)49 b(command)d | |
7089 | (substitution,)j(arithmetic)d(expansion,)k(and)45 b(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 | |
7090 | b(al)46 b(b)s(efore)330 1781 y(b)s(eing)30 b(assigned)h(to)g(the)f(v)-5 | |
7091 | b(ariable.)275 1959 y(If)32 b(no)i(command)f(name)g(results,)h(the)g(v) | |
7092 | -5 b(ariable)34 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(a\013ect)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(shell) | |
7093 | h(en)m(viron-)150 2069 y(men)m(t.)39 b(Otherwise,)27 | |
7094 | b(the)e(v)-5 b(ariables)26 b(are)g(added)f(to)h(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m | |
7095 | (t)h(of)g(the)f(executed)h(command)g(and)150 2178 y(do)35 | |
7096 | b(not)f(a\013ect)j(the)d(curren)m(t)h(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)54 | |
7097 | b(If)34 b(an)m(y)h(of)g(the)f(assignmen)m(ts)i(attempts)f(to)h(assign) | |
7098 | 150 2288 y(a)j(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 | |
7099 | b(ariable,)42 b(an)c(error)g(o)s(ccurs,)j(and)c(the)i(command)f(exits)h | |
7100 | (with)g(a)f(non-zero)150 2397 y(status.)275 2544 y(If)33 | |
7101 | b(no)g(command)g(name)h(results,)g(redirections)g(are)g(p)s(erformed,)f | |
7102 | (but)g(do)h(not)f(a\013ect)i(the)f(curren)m(t)150 2654 | |
7103 | y(shell)d(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)41 b(A)30 b(redirection)h(error)f(causes)h | |
7104 | (the)g(command)f(to)h(exit)g(with)f(a)h(non-zero)g(status.)275 | |
7105 | 2800 y(If)26 b(there)i(is)f(a)h(command)f(name)h(left)g(after)g | |
7106 | (expansion,)g(execution)h(pro)s(ceeds)e(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m | |
7107 | (w.)150 2910 y(Otherwise,)39 b(the)e(command)g(exits.)62 | |
7108 | b(If)37 b(one)g(of)g(the)h(expansions)f(con)m(tained)h(a)g(command)f | |
7109 | (substitu-)150 3020 y(tion,)i(the)d(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(command) | |
7110 | f(is)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(last)g(command)f(substitution) | |
7111 | 150 3129 y(p)s(erformed.)55 b(If)35 b(there)g(w)m(ere)h(no)g(command)f | |
7112 | (substitutions,)i(the)e(command)h(exits)g(with)f(a)h(status)g(of)150 | |
7113 | 3239 y(zero.)150 3450 y Fj(3.7.2)63 b(Command)41 b(Searc)m(h)f(and)h | |
7114 | (Execution)150 3597 y Ft(After)i(a)h(command)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(split)h | |
7115 | (in)m(to)h(w)m(ords,)j(if)c(it)g(results)g(in)g(a)h(simple)f(command)g | |
7116 | (and)f(an)150 3707 y(optional)32 b(list)f(of)f(argumen)m(ts,)h(the)g | |
7117 | (follo)m(wing)g(actions)h(are)f(tak)m(en.)199 3853 y(1.)61 | |
7118 | b(If)24 b(the)g(command)g(name)g(con)m(tains)i(no)e(slashes,)i(the)e | |
7119 | (shell)h(attempts)g(to)g(lo)s(cate)h(it.)39 b(If)24 b(there)g(exists) | |
7120 | 330 3963 y(a)h(shell)g(function)f(b)m(y)g(that)h(name,)h(that)f | |
7121 | (function)f(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)e(describ)s(ed)g(in)g(Section)h | |
7122 | (3.3)h([Shell)330 4073 y(F)-8 b(unctions],)31 b(page)h(15.)199 | |
7123 | 4213 y(2.)61 b(If)41 b(the)g(name)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(matc)m(h)i(a)e | |
7124 | (function,)j(the)e(shell)f(searc)m(hes)i(for)e(it)h(in)f(the)g(list)h | |
7125 | (of)g(shell)330 4323 y(builtins.)e(If)30 b(a)h(matc)m(h)g(is)f(found,)g | |
7126 | (that)h(builtin)f(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)199 4463 y(3.)61 | |
7127 | b(If)40 b(the)g(name)h(is)f(neither)h(a)f(shell)h(function)f(nor)g(a)g | |
7128 | (builtin,)j(and)d(con)m(tains)h(no)g(slashes,)i(Bash)330 | |
7129 | 4573 y(searc)m(hes)c(eac)m(h)g(elemen)m(t)g(of)g Fs($PATH)d | |
7130 | Ft(for)i(a)g(directory)h(con)m(taining)g(an)f(executable)h(\014le)f(b)m | |
7131 | (y)g(that)330 4682 y(name.)56 b(Bash)36 b(uses)f(a)h(hash)e(table)j(to) | |
7132 | f(remem)m(b)s(er)f(the)h(full)f(pathnames)g(of)h(executable)h(\014les)e | |
7133 | (to)330 4792 y(a)m(v)m(oid)e(m)m(ultiple)f Fs(PATH)f | |
7134 | Ft(searc)m(hes)i(\(see)f(the)g(description)g(of)f Fs(hash)g | |
7135 | Ft(in)g(Section)i(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)330 4902 y(Builtins],)37 | |
7136 | b(page)f(37\).)55 b(A)35 b(full)g(searc)m(h)g(of)g(the)g(directories)h | |
7137 | (in)f Fs($PATH)e Ft(is)i(p)s(erformed)f(only)h(if)g(the)330 | |
7138 | 5011 y(command)24 b(is)h(not)g(found)e(in)i(the)g(hash)f(table.)39 | |
7139 | b(If)25 b(the)f(searc)m(h)i(is)e(unsuccessful,)h(the)g(shell)g(searc)m | |
7140 | (hes)330 5121 y(for)e(a)h(de\014ned)e(shell)h(function)h(named)e | |
7141 | Fs(command_not_found_handle)p Ft(.)32 b(If)23 b(that)h(function)f | |
7142 | (exists,)330 5230 y(it)32 b(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)h | |
7143 | (original)g(command)f(and)g(the)h(original)g(command's)f(argumen)m(ts)h | |
7144 | (as)g(its)330 5340 y(argumen)m(ts,)h(and)e(the)i(function's)e(exit)i | |
7145 | (status)g(b)s(ecomes)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h(the)f(shell.)46 | |
7146 | b(If)31 b(that)p eop end | |
7147 | %%Page: 32 38 | |
7148 | TeXDict begin 32 37 bop 150 -116 a Ft(32)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
7149 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)330 299 y(function)g(is)g(not)g(de\014ned,)f | |
7150 | (the)i(shell)f(prin)m(ts)f(an)h(error)g(message)h(and)f(returns)e(an)i | |
7151 | (exit)h(status)g(of)330 408 y(127.)199 549 y(4.)61 b(If)33 | |
7152 | b(the)g(searc)m(h)h(is)g(successful,)g(or)f(if)g(the)h(command)f(name)g | |
7153 | (con)m(tains)i(one)f(or)f(more)g(slashes,)i(the)330 658 | |
7154 | y(shell)g(executes)h(the)f(named)f(program)g(in)h(a)g(separate)h | |
7155 | (execution)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)55 b(Argumen)m(t)35 b(0)330 | |
7156 | 768 y(is)30 b(set)h(to)h(the)e(name)h(giv)m(en,)g(and)f(the)h | |
7157 | (remaining)f(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)g(command)f(are)h(set)g(to)g(the) | |
7158 | 330 877 y(argumen)m(ts)g(supplied,)e(if)h(an)m(y)-8 b(.)199 | |
7159 | 1018 y(5.)61 b(If)35 b(this)h(execution)h(fails)f(b)s(ecause)g(the)f | |
7160 | (\014le)h(is)g(not)g(in)f(executable)j(format,)f(and)e(the)h(\014le)g | |
7161 | (is)g(not)330 1127 y(a)d(directory)-8 b(,)34 b(it)f(is)g(assumed)e(to)j | |
7162 | (b)s(e)d(a)i Fq(shell)g(script)h Ft(and)e(the)h(shell)f(executes)i(it)f | |
7163 | (as)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)330 1237 y(Section)g(3.8)h([Shell)e(Scripts],)g | |
7164 | (page)i(34.)199 1377 y(6.)61 b(If)38 b(the)h(command)f(w)m(as)h(not)g | |
7165 | (b)s(egun)e(async)m(hronously)-8 b(,)42 b(the)c(shell)h(w)m(aits)h(for) | |
7166 | e(the)h(command)f(to)330 1487 y(complete)32 b(and)e(collects)i(its)f | |
7167 | (exit)g(status.)150 1697 y Fj(3.7.3)63 b(Command)41 b(Execution)f(En)m | |
7168 | (vironmen)m(t)150 1844 y Ft(The)30 b(shell)g(has)h(an)f | |
7169 | Fq(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)r Ft(,)h(whic)m(h)e(consists)h(of)f | |
7170 | (the)h(follo)m(wing:)225 1990 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(op)s(en)32 | |
7171 | b(\014les)g(inherited)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(shell)h(at)g(in)m(v)m(o)s | |
7172 | (cation,)j(as)c(mo)s(di\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(redirections)h(supplied)e(to) | |
7173 | 330 2100 y(the)g Fs(exec)e Ft(builtin)225 2240 y Fp(\017)60 | |
7174 | b Ft(the)28 b(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)h(directory)g(as)f(set)h(b)m(y)f | |
7175 | Fs(cd)p Ft(,)g Fs(pushd)p Ft(,)g(or)g Fs(popd)p Ft(,)g(or)g(inherited)g | |
7176 | (b)m(y)g(the)h(shell)f(at)330 2349 y(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)225 | |
7177 | 2489 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(the)31 b(\014le)f(creation)i(mo)s(de)e(mask)g | |
7178 | (as)h(set)g(b)m(y)f Fs(umask)f Ft(or)h(inherited)g(from)g(the)h | |
7179 | (shell's)f(paren)m(t)225 2630 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(curren)m(t)30 | |
7180 | b(traps)g(set)h(b)m(y)f Fs(trap)225 2770 y Fp(\017)60 | |
7181 | b Ft(shell)30 b(parameters)f(that)h(are)g(set)g(b)m(y)g(v)-5 | |
7182 | b(ariable)30 b(assignmen)m(t)g(or)g(with)f Fs(set)f Ft(or)i(inherited)f | |
7183 | (from)g(the)330 2879 y(shell's)i(paren)m(t)f(in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m | |
7184 | (t)225 3020 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(shell)44 b(functions)f(de\014ned)f | |
7185 | (during)h(execution)i(or)e(inherited)h(from)f(the)h(shell's)g(paren)m | |
7186 | (t)f(in)h(the)330 3129 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)225 3269 y | |
7187 | Fp(\017)60 b Ft(options)33 b(enabled)g(at)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)h | |
7188 | (\(either)f(b)m(y)f(default)g(or)g(with)g(command-line)g(argumen)m | |
7189 | (ts\))h(or)330 3379 y(b)m(y)c Fs(set)225 3519 y Fp(\017)60 | |
7190 | b Ft(options)31 b(enabled)f(b)m(y)g Fs(shopt)f Ft(\(see)j(Section)f | |
7191 | (4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)h(page)g(57\))225 3659 | |
7192 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(shell)31 b(aliases)g(de\014ned)f(with)g | |
7193 | Fs(alias)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(6.6)h([Aliases],)g(page)f(81\))225 | |
7194 | 3799 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(v)-5 b(arious)50 b(pro)s(cess)f | |
17345e5a | 7195 | Fl(id)p Ft(s,)55 b(including)49 b(those)i(of)e(bac)m(kground)h(jobs)f |
495aee44 CR |
7196 | (\(see)i(Section)g(3.2.3)g([Lists],)330 3909 y(page)31 |
7197 | b(9\),)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($$)p Ft(,)g(and)g(the)h(v)-5 | |
7198 | b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($PPID)275 4085 y Ft(When)k(a)g(simple)h(command)f | |
17345e5a | 7199 | (other)g(than)g(a)h(builtin)f(or)g(shell)h(function)f(is)g(to)h(b)s(e)f |
495aee44 | 7200 | (executed,)i(it)f(is)150 4195 y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)25 b(in)f(a)g |
17345e5a | 7201 | (separate)h(execution)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(that)f(consists)g(of)h(the) |
495aee44 | 7202 | f(follo)m(wing.)40 b(Unless)24 b(otherwise)150 4305 y(noted,)31 |
0001803f | 7203 | b(the)f(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(are)g(inherited)f(from)g(the)g(shell.)225 |
495aee44 | 7204 | 4451 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(the)31 b(shell's)h(op)s(en)e(\014les,)i(plus)e |
0001803f | 7205 | (an)m(y)h(mo)s(di\014cations)h(and)e(additions)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m |
495aee44 | 7206 | (y)g(redirections)g(to)330 4560 y(the)g(command)225 4700 |
0001803f | 7207 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(the)31 b(curren)m(t)f(w)m(orking)g(directory)225 |
495aee44 CR |
7208 | 4840 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(the)31 b(\014le)f(creation)i(mo)s(de)e(mask)225 |
7209 | 4981 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(shell)32 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 | |
0001803f | 7210 | b(and)e(functions)h(mark)m(ed)g(for)g(exp)s(ort,)g(along)h(with)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 7211 | b(ariables)32 b(exp)s(orted)g(for)g(the)330 5090 y(command,)e(passed)g |
0001803f | 7212 | (in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(\(see)g(Section)g(3.7.4)i([En)m |
495aee44 | 7213 | (vironmen)m(t],)e(page)g(33\))225 5230 y Fp(\017)60 b |
0001803f CR |
7214 | Ft(traps)31 b(caugh)m(t)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)h(are)f(reset)h(to)g(the) |
7215 | f(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(inherited)e(from)h(the)g(shell's)h(paren)m(t,)g | |
495aee44 CR |
7216 | (and)330 5340 y(traps)e(ignored)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)h(are)g(ignored)p |
7217 | eop end | |
7218 | %%Page: 33 39 | |
7219 | TeXDict begin 33 38 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
7220 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(33)275 299 | |
7221 | y(A)41 b(command)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(in)e(this)h(separate)g(en)m | |
7222 | (vironmen)m(t)g(cannot)g(a\013ect)h(the)f(shell's)g(execution)150 | |
7223 | 408 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)275 552 y(Command)35 b(substitution,)j | |
0001803f | 7224 | (commands)e(group)s(ed)f(with)i(paren)m(theses,)h(and)e(async)m |
495aee44 | 7225 | (hronous)g(com-)150 662 y(mands)c(are)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(in)d(a)i |
0001803f | 7226 | (subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(that)h(is)f(a)g(duplicate)h(of)f(the)g |
495aee44 | 7227 | (shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)150 772 y(except)i(that)g(traps)f(caugh)m |
0001803f CR |
7228 | (t)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(shell)f(are)g(reset)h(to)g(the)f(v)-5 |
7229 | b(alues)35 b(that)g(the)f(shell)h(inherited)e(from)150 | |
495aee44 | 7230 | 881 y(its)g(paren)m(t)f(at)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation.)49 |
0001803f | 7231 | b(Builtin)32 b(commands)g(that)h(are)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)e(part)g |
495aee44 | 7232 | (of)h(a)f(pip)s(eline)g(are)h(also)150 991 y(executed)41 |
0001803f CR |
7233 | b(in)f(a)h(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)72 b(Changes)40 |
7234 | b(made)g(to)h(the)g(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(cannot)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7235 | 1100 y(a\013ect)32 b(the)f(shell's)f(execution)i(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)275 |
7236 | 1244 y(Subshells)24 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)i(execute)g(command)f | |
17345e5a | 7237 | (substitutions)g(inherit)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(of)g(the)h(`)p |
495aee44 | 7238 | Fs(-e)p Ft(')e(option)150 1354 y(from)20 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)37 |
17345e5a JA |
7239 | b(When)21 b(not)f(in)h Fl(posix)f Ft(mo)s(de,)i(Bash)f(clears)g(the)g |
7240 | (`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)h(in)g(suc)m(h)f(subshells.)275 | |
495aee44 | 7241 | 1498 y(If)38 b(a)h(command)f(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)d(a)h(`)p |
17345e5a | 7242 | Fs(&)p Ft(')g(and)f(job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)e(not)h(activ)m(e,)k(the)c |
495aee44 | 7243 | (default)g(standard)150 1607 y(input)e(for)g(the)h(command)f(is)h(the)g |
17345e5a | 7244 | (empt)m(y)g(\014le)f(`)p Fs(/dev/null)p Ft('.)61 b(Otherwise,)39 |
495aee44 | 7245 | b(the)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(command)150 1717 y(inherits)30 |
17345e5a | 7246 | b(the)h(\014le)f(descriptors)g(of)h(the)f(calling)i(shell)f(as)f(mo)s |
495aee44 CR |
7247 | (di\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(redirections.)150 1926 y Fj(3.7.4)63 |
7248 | b(En)m(vironmen)m(t)150 2073 y Ft(When)28 b(a)i(program)e(is)h(in)m(v)m | |
0001803f CR |
7249 | (ok)m(ed)h(it)f(is)g(giv)m(en)g(an)g(arra)m(y)g(of)g(strings)f(called)i |
7250 | (the)f Fq(en)m(vironmen)m(t)r Ft(.)41 b(This)28 b(is)h(a)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7251 | 2182 y(list)i(of)g(name-v)-5 b(alue)31 b(pairs,)f(of)h(the)f(form)g |
7252 | Fs(name=value)p Ft(.)275 2326 y(Bash)39 b(pro)m(vides)g(sev)m(eral)i(w) | |
0001803f | 7253 | m(a)m(ys)g(to)f(manipulate)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)69 |
495aee44 | 7254 | b(On)38 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)44 b(the)c(shell)150 2436 |
17345e5a JA |
7255 | y(scans)g(its)h(o)m(wn)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(and)f(creates)i(a)f |
7256 | (parameter)f(for)g(eac)m(h)i(name)e(found,)i(automatically)150 | |
495aee44 | 7257 | 2545 y(marking)26 b(it)g(for)g Fq(exp)s(ort)h Ft(to)g(c)m(hild)f(pro)s |
17345e5a | 7258 | (cesses.)39 b(Executed)26 b(commands)g(inherit)g(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m |
495aee44 | 7259 | (t.)39 b(The)150 2655 y Fs(export)c Ft(and)i(`)p Fs(declare)29 |
17345e5a | 7260 | b(-x)p Ft(')36 b(commands)h(allo)m(w)i(parameters)e(and)g(functions)g |
495aee44 | 7261 | (to)h(b)s(e)e(added)h(to)h(and)150 2765 y(deleted)21 |
17345e5a JA |
7262 | b(from)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)38 b(If)20 b(the)h(v)-5 |
7263 | b(alue)21 b(of)g(a)g(parameter)g(in)f(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(is)e | |
495aee44 | 7264 | (mo)s(di\014ed,)i(the)150 2874 y(new)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 |
17345e5a JA |
7265 | b(b)s(ecomes)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)g(replacing)h(the)e |
7266 | (old.)44 b(The)31 b(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(inherited)150 | |
495aee44 | 7267 | 2984 y(b)m(y)f(an)m(y)g(executed)h(command)f(consists)g(of)g(the)g |
17345e5a | 7268 | (shell's)h(initial)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)g(whose)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
7269 | b(alues)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)150 3093 y(mo)s(di\014ed)26 |
7270 | b(in)g(the)h(shell,)h(less)f(an)m(y)g(pairs)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f | |
7271 | (the)g Fs(unset)e Ft(and)h(`)p Fs(export)j(-n)p Ft(')e(commands,)g | |
7272 | (plus)150 3203 y(an)m(y)k(additions)f(via)h(the)g Fs(export)d | |
7273 | Ft(and)i(`)p Fs(declare)f(-x)p Ft(')h(commands.)275 3347 | |
7274 | y(The)j(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(for)f(an)m(y)g(simple)h(command)f(or)g | |
7275 | (function)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(augmen)m(ted)h(temp)s(orarily)150 | |
7276 | 3457 y(b)m(y)c(pre\014xing)e(it)i(with)g(parameter)g(assignmen)m(ts,)h | |
7277 | (as)e(describ)s(ed)g(in)g(Section)i(3.4)g([Shell)e(P)m(arameters],)150 | |
7278 | 3566 y(page)g(17.)41 b(These)29 b(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(ts)g | |
7279 | (a\013ect)f(only)g(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(seen)g(b)m(y)f(that)h | |
7280 | (command.)275 3710 y(If)d(the)h(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(set)g | |
7281 | (\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)i([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)h(page)f(54\),)i | |
7282 | (then)e(all)g(parameter)150 3820 y(assignmen)m(ts)i(are)g(placed)h(in)e | |
7283 | (the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)f(not)h(just)f(those)i | |
7284 | (that)f(precede)g(the)150 3929 y(command)g(name.)275 | |
7285 | 4073 y(When)f(Bash)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)i(an)e(external)g(command,)g(the) | |
7286 | g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(`)p Fs($_)p Ft(')f(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)f(full)f | |
7287 | (path)h(name)150 4183 y(of)h(the)f(command)g(and)g(passed)g(to)h(that)g | |
7288 | (command)f(in)g(its)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)150 4392 y Fj(3.7.5)63 | |
7289 | b(Exit)40 b(Status)150 4538 y Ft(The)26 b(exit)h(status)f(of)g(an)g | |
0001803f | 7290 | (executed)h(command)f(is)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(returned)f(b)m(y)h |
495aee44 | 7291 | (the)g Fq(w)m(aitpid)k Ft(system)d(call)g(or)150 4648 |
0001803f CR |
7292 | y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)33 b(function.)45 b(Exit)32 b(statuses)g(fall)g |
7293 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(0)f(and)f(255,)i(though,)f(as)g(explained)g(b)s | |
495aee44 | 7294 | (elo)m(w,)h(the)150 4758 y(shell)i(ma)m(y)g(use)f(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
7295 | b(alues)35 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(125)h(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)54 |
7296 | b(Exit)35 b(statuses)g(from)f(shell)h(builtins)f(and)f(comp)s(ound)150 | |
495aee44 | 7297 | 4867 y(commands)j(are)g(also)h(limited)g(to)g(this)f(range.)58 |
0001803f | 7298 | b(Under)36 b(certain)h(circumstances,)h(the)e(shell)h(will)f(use)150 |
495aee44 CR |
7299 | 4977 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)g(indicate)g(sp)s(eci\014c) |
7300 | f(failure)h(mo)s(des.)275 5121 y(F)-8 b(or)32 b(the)g(shell's)g(purp)s | |
0001803f | 7301 | (oses,)e(a)j(command)e(whic)m(h)h(exits)g(with)g(a)g(zero)g(exit)h |
495aee44 | 7302 | (status)f(has)f(succeeded.)150 5230 y(A)e(non-zero)h(exit)g(status)g |
0001803f | 7303 | (indicates)g(failure.)40 b(This)28 b(seemingly)i(coun)m(ter-in)m |
495aee44 | 7304 | (tuitiv)m(e)i(sc)m(heme)e(is)f(used)g(so)150 5340 y(there)34 |
0001803f CR |
7305 | b(is)g(one)g(w)m(ell-de\014ned)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(indicate)g(success)f |
7306 | (and)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)35 b(of)f(w)m(a)m(ys)h(to)f(indicate)h(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
7307 | b(arious)p eop end |
7308 | %%Page: 34 40 | |
7309 | TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Ft(34)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
7310 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y(failure)37 b(mo)s(des.)61 | |
7311 | b(When)37 b(a)g(command)g(terminates)h(on)f(a)g(fatal)i(signal)f(whose) | |
7312 | f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(is)i Fq(N)10 b Ft(,)38 b(Bash)150 | |
7313 | 408 y(uses)30 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(128)p Fs(+)p Fq(N)42 | |
7314 | b Ft(as)30 b(the)h(exit)g(status.)275 548 y(If)k(a)h(command)g(is)g | |
7315 | (not)g(found,)g(the)g(c)m(hild)h(pro)s(cess)e(created)i(to)g(execute)g | |
7316 | (it)g(returns)d(a)j(status)f(of)150 657 y(127.)42 b(If)30 | |
7317 | b(a)h(command)f(is)g(found)f(but)h(is)g(not)h(executable,)h(the)f | |
7318 | (return)e(status)i(is)f(126.)275 796 y(If)i(a)i(command)f(fails)g(b)s | |
7319 | (ecause)g(of)h(an)f(error)f(during)g(expansion)h(or)g(redirection,)i | |
7320 | (the)f(exit)g(status)150 906 y(is)c(greater)i(than)e(zero.)275 | |
7321 | 1045 y(The)38 b(exit)h(status)g(is)g(used)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(Bash)g | |
7322 | (conditional)h(commands)e(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2.4.2)h([Con-)150 | |
7323 | 1155 y(ditional)i(Constructs],)h(page)f(10\))g(and)e(some)i(of)f(the)g | |
7324 | (list)g(constructs)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.3)i([Lists],)150 | |
7325 | 1264 y(page)31 b(9\).)275 1403 y(All)40 b(of)g(the)h(Bash)f(builtins)f | |
17345e5a | 7326 | (return)g(an)h(exit)h(status)g(of)f(zero)h(if)f(they)g(succeed)g(and)g |
495aee44 | 7327 | (a)g(non-zero)150 1513 y(status)34 b(on)f(failure,)i(so)f(they)g(ma)m |
17345e5a | 7328 | (y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(conditional)h(and)e(list)h |
495aee44 | 7329 | (constructs.)50 b(All)35 b(builtins)150 1623 y(return)29 |
17345e5a | 7330 | b(an)i(exit)g(status)g(of)f(2)h(to)g(indicate)g(incorrect)h(usage.)150 |
495aee44 | 7331 | 1827 y Fj(3.7.6)63 b(Signals)150 1974 y Ft(When)36 b(Bash)g(is)h(in)m |
0001803f CR |
7332 | (teractiv)m(e,)j(in)c(the)h(absence)f(of)h(an)m(y)f(traps,)i(it)e |
7333 | (ignores)h Fs(SIGTERM)d Ft(\(so)j(that)g(`)p Fs(kill)150 | |
495aee44 | 7334 | 2083 y(0)p Ft(')c(do)s(es)g(not)g(kill)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j |
17345e5a | 7335 | (shell\),)f(and)d Fs(SIGINT)f Ft(is)i(caugh)m(t)h(and)f(handled)f(\(so) |
495aee44 | 7336 | h(that)h(the)f Fs(wait)150 2193 y Ft(builtin)24 b(is)h(in)m |
17345e5a JA |
7337 | (terruptible\).)39 b(When)24 b(Bash)g(receiv)m(es)j(a)d |
7338 | Fs(SIGINT)p Ft(,)h(it)g(breaks)f(out)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(executing)h(lo)s | |
495aee44 | 7339 | (ops.)150 2302 y(In)31 b(all)h(cases,)h(Bash)f(ignores)g |
17345e5a | 7340 | Fs(SIGQUIT)p Ft(.)42 b(If)32 b(job)f(con)m(trol)i(is)e(in)h(e\013ect)h |
495aee44 | 7341 | (\(see)f(Chapter)f(7)h([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)150 2412 y(page)f(91\),)h |
17345e5a | 7342 | (Bash)e(ignores)h Fs(SIGTTIN)p Ft(,)e Fs(SIGTTOU)p Ft(,)g(and)g |
495aee44 | 7343 | Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)275 2551 y(Non-builtin)i(commands)g(started)g(b)m(y)g |
17345e5a | 7344 | (Bash)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(signal)g(handlers)e(set)i(to)g(the)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 7345 | b(alues)31 b(inherited)150 2661 y(b)m(y)37 b(the)h(shell)g(from)f(its)h |
17345e5a | 7346 | (paren)m(t.)62 b(When)38 b(job)f(con)m(trol)i(is)e(not)h(in)f |
495aee44 | 7347 | (e\013ect,)k(async)m(hronous)c(commands)150 2770 y(ignore)f |
17345e5a JA |
7348 | Fs(SIGINT)e Ft(and)h Fs(SIGQUIT)e Ft(in)j(addition)f(to)i(these)f |
7349 | (inherited)f(handlers.)55 b(Commands)35 b(run)f(as)i(a)150 | |
495aee44 | 7350 | 2880 y(result)27 b(of)h(command)f(substitution)h(ignore)g(the)g(k)m |
17345e5a | 7351 | (eyb)s(oard-generated)g(job)g(con)m(trol)h(signals)f |
495aee44 CR |
7352 | Fs(SIGTTIN)p Ft(,)150 2989 y Fs(SIGTTOU)p Ft(,)h(and)g |
7353 | Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)275 3129 y(The)h(shell)i(exits)g(b)m(y)f(default)g | |
7354 | (up)s(on)f(receipt)i(of)f(a)h Fs(SIGHUP)p Ft(.)42 b(Before)32 | |
7355 | b(exiting,)h(an)e(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)150 3238 | |
7356 | y(resends)41 b(the)i Fs(SIGHUP)e Ft(to)i(all)g(jobs,)i(running)c(or)h | |
7357 | (stopp)s(ed.)76 b(Stopp)s(ed)41 b(jobs)h(are)h(sen)m(t)g | |
7358 | Fs(SIGCONT)d Ft(to)150 3348 y(ensure)32 b(that)h(they)g(receiv)m(e)i | |
7359 | (the)e Fs(SIGHUP)p Ft(.)47 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(prev)m(en)m(t)g(the)g(shell) | |
7360 | g(from)g(sending)f(the)h Fs(SIGHUP)e Ft(signal)150 3457 | |
7361 | y(to)i(a)g(particular)g(job,)g(it)g(should)f(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h | |
7362 | (from)g(the)f(jobs)g(table)i(with)e(the)h Fs(disown)e | |
7363 | Ft(builtin)h(\(see)150 3567 y(Section)f(7.2)g([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h | |
7364 | (Builtins],)g(page)g(92\))h(or)e(mark)m(ed)g(to)h(not)f(receiv)m(e)i | |
7365 | Fs(SIGHUP)d Ft(using)h Fs(disown)150 3676 y(-h)p Ft(.)275 | |
7366 | 3816 y(If)38 b(the)h Fs(huponexit)e Ft(shell)i(option)g(has)g(b)s(een)f | |
7367 | (set)i(with)f Fs(shopt)e Ft(\(see)j(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)150 | |
7368 | 3925 y(Builtin],)31 b(page)g(57\),)h(Bash)f(sends)e(a)i | |
7369 | Fs(SIGHUP)e Ft(to)i(all)g(jobs)f(when)f(an)i(in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(login) | |
7370 | e(shell)g(exits.)275 4064 y(If)38 b(Bash)h(is)g(w)m(aiting)h(for)f(a)g | |
7371 | (command)f(to)i(complete)g(and)e(receiv)m(es)j(a)e(signal)h(for)e(whic) | |
7372 | m(h)h(a)g(trap)150 4174 y(has)c(b)s(een)f(set,)i(the)f(trap)g(will)g | |
7373 | (not)g(b)s(e)f(executed)i(un)m(til)f(the)g(command)f(completes.)55 | |
7374 | b(When)35 b(Bash)g(is)150 4284 y(w)m(aiting)j(for)f(an)g(async)m | |
7375 | (hronous)g(command)g(via)h(the)f Fs(wait)f Ft(builtin,)i(the)g | |
7376 | (reception)g(of)f(a)g(signal)h(for)150 4393 y(whic)m(h)d(a)g(trap)g | |
0001803f CR |
7377 | (has)g(b)s(een)f(set)h(will)h(cause)f(the)g Fs(wait)f |
7378 | Ft(builtin)h(to)g(return)f(immediately)i(with)f(an)g(exit)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7379 | 4503 y(status)c(greater)g(than)f(128,)i(immediately)g(after)f(whic)m(h) |
7380 | f(the)h(trap)f(is)g(executed.)150 4742 y Fr(3.8)68 b(Shell)45 | |
7381 | b(Scripts)150 4902 y Ft(A)30 b(shell)f(script)h(is)f(a)h(text)h(\014le) | |
0001803f | 7382 | f(con)m(taining)h(shell)f(commands.)40 b(When)29 b(suc)m(h)g(a)h |
495aee44 | 7383 | (\014le)g(is)f(used)g(as)h(the)g(\014rst)150 5011 y(non-option)i |
0001803f CR |
7384 | (argumen)m(t)h(when)e(in)m(v)m(oking)i(Bash,)g(and)e(neither)h(the)g(`) |
7385 | p Fs(-c)p Ft(')g(nor)g(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(supplied)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7386 | 5121 y(\(see)25 b(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)g(page)f |
7387 | (73\),)i(Bash)e(reads)f(and)g(executes)i(commands)e(from)g(the)h | |
7388 | (\014le,)150 5230 y(then)32 b(exits.)46 b(This)32 b(mo)s(de)f(of)i(op)s | |
0001803f | 7389 | (eration)f(creates)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell.)46 |
495aee44 | 7390 | b(The)31 b(shell)i(\014rst)e(searc)m(hes)150 5340 y(for)d(the)g(\014le) |
0001803f | 7391 | g(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(directory)-8 b(,)30 b(and)d(lo)s(oks)i(in)e |
495aee44 CR |
7392 | (the)i(directories)g(in)e Fs($PATH)g Ft(if)h(not)g(found)e(there.)p |
7393 | eop end | |
7394 | %%Page: 35 41 | |
7395 | TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 | |
7396 | b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)275 299 | |
7397 | y(When)34 b(Bash)h(runs)e(a)i(shell)g(script,)g(it)h(sets)f(the)f(sp)s | |
7398 | (ecial)i(parameter)f Fs(0)f Ft(to)h(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(\014le,)150 | |
7399 | 408 y(rather)k(than)g(the)h(name)f(of)h(the)f(shell,)j(and)d(the)h(p)s | |
7400 | (ositional)g(parameters)f(are)h(set)g(to)g(the)g(remain-)150 | |
7401 | 518 y(ing)f(argumen)m(ts,)j(if)d(an)m(y)g(are)g(giv)m(en.)67 | |
7402 | b(If)39 b(no)g(additional)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f(supplied,)h(the)f(p)s | |
7403 | (ositional)150 628 y(parameters)31 b(are)f(unset.)275 | |
7404 | 762 y(A)39 b(shell)h(script)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(made)h(executable)h(b)m | |
17345e5a | 7405 | (y)e(using)g(the)h Fs(chmod)e Ft(command)h(to)h(turn)e(on)i(the)150 |
495aee44 | 7406 | 872 y(execute)j(bit.)73 b(When)41 b(Bash)g(\014nds)e(suc)m(h)i(a)h |
17345e5a | 7407 | (\014le)f(while)g(searc)m(hing)h(the)f Fs($PATH)f Ft(for)h(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
7408 | (command,)h(it)150 981 y(spa)m(wns)30 b(a)g(subshell)g(to)h(execute)h |
7409 | (it.)41 b(In)30 b(other)g(w)m(ords,)g(executing)390 1116 | |
7410 | y Fs(filename)46 b Fi(arguments)150 1250 y Ft(is)30 b(equiv)-5 | |
7411 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(executing)390 1385 y Fs(bash)47 | |
7412 | b(filename)e Fi(arguments)150 1519 y Ft(if)30 b Fs(filename)d | |
17345e5a JA |
7413 | Ft(is)j(an)f(executable)j(shell)e(script.)40 b(This)29 |
7414 | b(subshell)g(reinitializes)i(itself,)g(so)f(that)h(the)e(e\013ect)150 | |
495aee44 | 7415 | 1629 y(is)36 b(as)h(if)g(a)f(new)g(shell)h(had)f(b)s(een)g(in)m(v)m(ok) |
17345e5a | 7416 | m(ed)h(to)h(in)m(terpret)e(the)h(script,)h(with)e(the)h(exception)h |
495aee44 | 7417 | (that)f(the)150 1738 y(lo)s(cations)25 b(of)g(commands)e(remem)m(b)s |
17345e5a | 7418 | (ered)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(paren)m(t)g(\(see)h(the)f(description)g(of)g |
495aee44 CR |
7419 | Fs(hash)f Ft(in)h(Section)h(4.1)150 1848 y([Bourne)30 |
7420 | b(Shell)h(Builtins],)g(page)g(37\))h(are)e(retained)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(c)m | |
7421 | (hild.)275 1983 y(Most)36 b(v)m(ersions)g(of)g(Unix)f(mak)m(e)h(this)g | |
17345e5a | 7422 | (a)g(part)f(of)h(the)g(op)s(erating)g(system's)f(command)h(execution) |
495aee44 | 7423 | 150 2092 y(mec)m(hanism.)50 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)g(line)h(of)f(a)h |
17345e5a | 7424 | (script)f(b)s(egins)g(with)g(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(c)m(haracters)g(`)p |
495aee44 | 7425 | Fs(#!)p Ft(',)f(the)g(remainder)150 2202 y(of)d(the)g(line)h(sp)s |
17345e5a JA |
7426 | (eci\014es)e(an)h(in)m(terpreter)g(for)g(the)g(program.)43 |
7427 | b(Th)m(us,)30 b(y)m(ou)h(can)h(sp)s(ecify)e(Bash,)i Fs(awk)p | |
495aee44 | 7428 | Ft(,)e(P)m(erl,)150 2311 y(or)g(some)h(other)g(in)m(terpreter)g(and)e |
17345e5a | 7429 | (write)i(the)f(rest)h(of)g(the)f(script)g(\014le)h(in)f(that)h |
495aee44 | 7430 | (language.)275 2446 y(The)40 b(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)g(in)m |
17345e5a | 7431 | (terpreter)g(consist)g(of)g(a)g(single)h(optional)f(argumen)m(t)h |
495aee44 | 7432 | (follo)m(wing)g(the)150 2555 y(in)m(terpreter)33 b(name)h(on)f(the)g |
17345e5a | 7433 | (\014rst)f(line)i(of)f(the)g(script)g(\014le,)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y) |
495aee44 | 7434 | e(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)h(script)f(\014le,)150 2665 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)g |
17345e5a JA |
7435 | (b)m(y)f(the)f(rest)h(of)g(the)f(argumen)m(ts.)45 b(Bash)31 |
7436 | b(will)h(p)s(erform)e(this)i(action)h(on)e(op)s(erating)h(systems)150 | |
495aee44 | 7437 | 2775 y(that)24 b(do)g(not)f(handle)g(it)h(themselv)m(es.)40 |
17345e5a | 7438 | b(Note)25 b(that)f(some)g(older)g(v)m(ersions)f(of)h(Unix)f(limit)i |
495aee44 CR |
7439 | (the)f(in)m(terpreter)150 2884 y(name)30 b(and)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(a)g |
7440 | (maxim)m(um)f(of)h(32)g(c)m(haracters.)275 3019 y(Bash)h(scripts)g | |
7441 | (often)g(b)s(egin)g(with)g Fs(#!)e(/bin/bash)g Ft(\(assuming)i(that)h | |
7442 | (Bash)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(installed)i(in)150 3128 y(`)p | |
7443 | Fs(/bin)p Ft('\),)25 b(since)e(this)g(ensures)f(that)i(Bash)f(will)h(b) | |
7444 | s(e)e(used)h(to)h(in)m(terpret)f(the)g(script,)i(ev)m(en)f(if)f(it)h | |
7445 | (is)f(executed)150 3238 y(under)29 b(another)h(shell.)p | |
7446 | eop end | |
7447 | %%Page: 36 42 | |
7448 | TeXDict begin 36 41 bop eop end | |
7449 | %%Page: 37 43 | |
7450 | TeXDict begin 37 42 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
7451 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(37)150 299 y Fo(4)80 | |
0001803f CR |
7452 | b(Shell)53 b(Builtin)f(Commands)150 541 y Ft(Builtin)34 |
7453 | b(commands)f(are)h(con)m(tained)g(within)f(the)h(shell)g(itself.)50 | |
7454 | b(When)34 b(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(builtin)f(com-)150 | |
7455 | 651 y(mand)26 b(is)i(used)e(as)i(the)g(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)h(of)h(a)f | |
17345e5a | 7456 | (simple)h(command)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.1)h([Simple)f(Commands],)150 |
0001803f | 7457 | 760 y(page)21 b(8\),)j(the)d(shell)g(executes)h(the)f(command)f |
17345e5a | 7458 | (directly)-8 b(,)24 b(without)d(in)m(v)m(oking)h(another)f(program.)37 |
0001803f | 7459 | b(Builtin)150 870 y(commands)f(are)h(necessary)g(to)g(implemen)m(t)g |
17345e5a | 7460 | (functionalit)m(y)h(imp)s(ossible)e(or)h(incon)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(to)f |
0001803f CR |
7461 | (obtain)150 979 y(with)30 b(separate)h(utilities.)275 |
7462 | 1117 y(This)c(section)j(brie\015y)e(describ)s(es)g(the)h(builtins)f | |
17345e5a | 7463 | (whic)m(h)g(Bash)h(inherits)f(from)g(the)h(Bourne)g(Shell,)g(as)150 |
0001803f | 7464 | 1226 y(w)m(ell)i(as)g(the)g(builtin)e(commands)h(whic)m(h)h(are)f |
17345e5a | 7465 | (unique)g(to)h(or)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(extended)i(in)f(Bash.)275 |
0001803f | 7466 | 1363 y(Sev)m(eral)45 b(builtin)e(commands)h(are)h(describ)s(ed)e(in)h |
17345e5a | 7467 | (other)g(c)m(hapters:)69 b(builtin)43 b(commands)h(whic)m(h)150 |
0001803f | 7468 | 1473 y(pro)m(vide)23 b(the)h(Bash)f(in)m(terface)i(to)f(the)g(job)f |
17345e5a | 7469 | (con)m(trol)i(facilities)g(\(see)f(Section)h(7.2)f([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h |
495aee44 | 7470 | (Builtins],)150 1583 y(page)40 b(92\),)j(the)c(directory)h(stac)m(k)g |
17345e5a | 7471 | (\(see)g(Section)g(6.8.1)h([Directory)g(Stac)m(k)f(Builtins],)i(page)e |
495aee44 CR |
7472 | (83\),)j(the)150 1692 y(command)23 b(history)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.2)h |
7473 | ([Bash)f(History)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(125\),)h(and)d(the)h | |
0001803f | 7474 | (programmable)150 1802 y(completion)32 b(facilities)g(\(see)g(Section)f |
495aee44 | 7475 | (8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)h(119\).)275 |
0001803f CR |
7476 | 1939 y(Man)m(y)f(of)f(the)h(builtins)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)e(extended) |
7477 | g(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)g Ft(or)g(Bash.)275 2076 y(Unless)39 | |
7478 | b(otherwise)h(noted,)i(eac)m(h)f(builtin)e(command)g(do)s(cumen)m(ted)g | |
7479 | (as)h(accepting)h(options)f(pre-)150 2186 y(ceded)33 | |
7480 | b(b)m(y)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')f(accepts)i(`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')e(to)h(signify)f | |
7481 | (the)h(end)e(of)i(the)f(options.)50 b(The)33 b Fs(:)p | |
7482 | Ft(,)h Fs(true)p Ft(,)f Fs(false)p Ft(,)f(and)h Fs(test)150 | |
7483 | 2295 y Ft(builtins)i(do)g(not)h(accept)g(options)g(and)f(do)g(not)h | |
7484 | (treat)g(`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')f(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)57 b(The)35 | |
7485 | b Fs(exit)p Ft(,)h Fs(logout)p Ft(,)f Fs(break)p Ft(,)150 | |
7486 | 2405 y Fs(continue)p Ft(,)29 b Fs(let)p Ft(,)i(and)g | |
7487 | Fs(shift)f Ft(builtins)g(accept)j(and)e(pro)s(cess)g(argumen)m(ts)g(b)s | |
7488 | (eginning)g(with)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(with-)150 2515 y(out)f(requiring)f | |
7489 | (`)p Fs(--)p Ft('.)41 b(Other)29 b(builtins)h(that)g(accept)h(argumen)m | |
7490 | (ts)f(but)g(are)g(not)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)h(accepting)150 | |
7491 | 2624 y(options)25 b(in)m(terpret)f(argumen)m(ts)h(b)s(eginning)e(with)h | |
7492 | (`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')h(as)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)25 b(options)g(and)e(require)h | |
7493 | (`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')g(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)150 2734 y(this)30 | |
7494 | b(in)m(terpretation.)150 2970 y Fr(4.1)68 b(Bourne)45 | |
7495 | b(Shell)g(Builtins)150 3130 y Ft(The)22 b(follo)m(wing)j(shell)d | |
7496 | (builtin)h(commands)f(are)h(inherited)g(from)f(the)h(Bourne)g(Shell.)38 | |
7497 | b(These)22 b(commands)150 3239 y(are)31 b(implemen)m(ted)g(as)f(sp)s | |
7498 | (eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(the)h Fl(posix)e Ft(standard.)150 | |
7499 | 3403 y Fs(:)h Ft(\(a)h(colon\))870 3512 y Fs(:)47 b([)p | |
7500 | Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 3648 y Ft(Do)43 b(nothing)f(b)s(ey)m(ond)g | |
7501 | (expanding)f Fq(argumen)m(ts)46 b Ft(and)c(p)s(erforming)f | |
7502 | (redirections.)76 b(The)630 3758 y(return)29 b(status)i(is)f(zero.)150 | |
7503 | 3920 y Fs(.)g Ft(\(a)h(p)s(erio)s(d\))870 4029 y Fs(.)47 | |
7504 | b Fi(filename)57 b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 | |
7505 | 4165 y Ft(Read)34 b(and)f(execute)i(commands)e(from)g(the)h | |
17345e5a | 7506 | Fq(\014lename)39 b Ft(argumen)m(t)34 b(in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell) |
0001803f | 7507 | 630 4275 y(con)m(text.)45 b(If)31 b Fq(\014lename)37 |
17345e5a JA |
7508 | b Ft(do)s(es)31 b(not)g(con)m(tain)i(a)e(slash,)h(the)g |
7509 | Fs(PATH)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(is)f(used)f(to)i(\014nd)630 | |
0001803f CR |
7510 | 4384 y Fq(\014lename)5 b Ft(.)51 b(When)34 b(Bash)g(is)g(not)g(in)f |
7511 | Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(the)f(curren)m(t)f(directory)i(is)e(searc)m | |
7512 | (hed)630 4494 y(if)e Fq(\014lename)36 b Ft(is)31 b(not)h(found)d(in)i | |
17345e5a | 7513 | Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)41 b(If)31 b(an)m(y)g Fq(argumen)m(ts)k |
0001803f | 7514 | Ft(are)c(supplied,)f(they)i(b)s(ecome)630 4604 y(the)e(p)s(ositional)h |
17345e5a | 7515 | (parameters)g(when)e Fq(\014lename)35 b Ft(is)30 b(executed.)42 |
0001803f | 7516 | b(Otherwise)30 b(the)g(p)s(ositional)630 4713 y(parameters)43 |
17345e5a | 7517 | b(are)h(unc)m(hanged.)79 b(The)42 b(return)g(status)i(is)f(the)g(exit)h |
0001803f | 7518 | (status)g(of)f(the)g(last)630 4823 y(command)37 b(executed,)k(or)c |
17345e5a | 7519 | (zero)h(if)g(no)f(commands)g(are)h(executed.)63 b(If)36 |
0001803f | 7520 | b Fq(\014lename)43 b Ft(is)38 b(not)630 4932 y(found,)22 |
17345e5a JA |
7521 | b(or)f(cannot)g(b)s(e)f(read,)j(the)e(return)f(status)h(is)g(non-zero.) |
7522 | 38 b(This)20 b(builtin)h(is)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 | |
0001803f CR |
7523 | 5042 y(to)31 b Fs(source)p Ft(.)150 5204 y Fs(break)870 |
7524 | 5340 y(break)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
7525 | %%Page: 38 44 |
7526 | TeXDict begin 38 43 bop 150 -116 a Ft(38)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
7527 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(Exit)45 b(from)f(a)g |
7528 | Fs(for)p Ft(,)k Fs(while)p Ft(,)e Fs(until)p Ft(,)h(or)d | |
7529 | Fs(select)f Ft(lo)s(op.)83 b(If)44 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)g(supplied,)j(the)e | |
7530 | Fq(n)p Ft(th)630 408 y(enclosing)c(lo)s(op)f(is)h(exited.)70 | |
7531 | b Fq(n)40 b Ft(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(greater)j(than)d(or)i(equal)f(to)h(1.) | |
7532 | 70 b(The)40 b(return)630 518 y(status)31 b(is)f(zero)h(unless)f | |
7533 | Fq(n)g Ft(is)g(not)h(greater)g(than)g(or)f(equal)h(to)g(1.)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
7534 | 687 y Fs(cd)870 827 y(cd)47 b([-L|[-P)f([-e]]])g([)p |
7535 | Fi(directory)11 b Fs(])630 966 y Ft(Change)36 b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(w)m | |
7536 | (orking)g(directory)h(to)g Fq(directory)8 b Ft(.)59 b(If)35 | |
7537 | b Fq(directory)45 b Ft(is)36 b(not)h(giv)m(en,)630 1076 | |
0001803f CR |
7538 | y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)g Fs(HOME)e Ft(shell)i(v)-5 |
7539 | b(ariable)32 b(is)f(used.)40 b(If)31 b(the)g(shell)g(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 7540 | b(ariable)31 b Fs(CDPATH)e Ft(exists,)630 1186 y(it)f(is)f(used)f(as)h |
0001803f CR |
7541 | (a)h(searc)m(h)f(path.)40 b(If)26 b Fq(directory)35 b |
7542 | Ft(b)s(egins)27 b(with)g(a)g(slash,)h Fs(CDPATH)d Ft(is)i(not)g(used.) | |
495aee44 | 7543 | 630 1325 y(The)h(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)h(not)g(follo)m |
0001803f | 7544 | (w)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(links;)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(links)f(are)h(follo)m |
495aee44 CR |
7545 | (w)m(ed)630 1435 y(b)m(y)22 b(default)h(or)f(with)g(the)g(`)p |
7546 | Fs(-L)p Ft(')g(option.)39 b(If)22 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-e)p | |
7547 | Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied)f(with)h(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')g(and)g(the)630 | |
7548 | 1544 y(curren)m(t)32 b(w)m(orking)h(directory)f(cannot)h(b)s(e)f | |
7549 | (successfully)g(determined)g(after)h(a)f(successful)630 | |
7550 | 1654 y(directory)f(c)m(hange,)h Fs(cd)e Ft(will)h(return)f(an)g | |
7551 | (unsuccessful)g(status.)42 b(If)30 b Fq(directory)39 | |
7552 | b Ft(is)31 b(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)g(it)g(is)630 1763 y(equiv)-5 | |
7553 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f Fs($OLDPWD)p Ft(.)630 1903 y(If)i(a)h(non-empt)m | |
7554 | (y)g(directory)g(name)f(from)g Fs(CDPATH)f Ft(is)h(used,)h(or)g(if)f(`) | |
7555 | p Fs(-)p Ft(')h(is)f(the)h(\014rst)f(argu-)630 2012 y(men)m(t,)28 | |
17345e5a | 7556 | b(and)e(the)h(directory)g(c)m(hange)h(is)f(successful,)h(the)f |
495aee44 | 7557 | (absolute)g(pathname)g(of)f(the)h(new)630 2122 y(w)m(orking)k |
17345e5a | 7558 | (directory)g(is)f(written)g(to)i(the)e(standard)g(output.)630 |
495aee44 CR |
7559 | 2262 y(The)f(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i(if)e(the)h(directory)g(is)g |
7560 | (successfully)g(c)m(hanged,)g(non-zero)g(oth-)630 2371 | |
7561 | y(erwise.)150 2540 y Fs(continue)870 2680 y(continue)46 | |
7562 | b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 2819 y Ft(Resume)32 b(the)g(next)g(iteration)i | |
17345e5a | 7563 | (of)e(an)g(enclosing)h Fs(for)p Ft(,)f Fs(while)p Ft(,)f |
495aee44 | 7564 | Fs(until)p Ft(,)g(or)h Fs(select)f Ft(lo)s(op.)630 2929 |
17345e5a JA |
7565 | y(If)f Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(supplied,)e(the)j(execution)g(of)f(the)g |
7566 | Fq(n)p Ft(th)f(enclosing)i(lo)s(op)f(is)f(resumed.)42 | |
495aee44 | 7567 | b Fq(n)30 b Ft(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)630 3039 y(greater)39 |
17345e5a | 7568 | b(than)f(or)g(equal)g(to)h(1.)63 b(The)38 b(return)e(status)j(is)e |
495aee44 CR |
7569 | (zero)i(unless)e Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(not)g(greater)630 3148 |
7570 | y(than)30 b(or)g(equal)h(to)g(1.)150 3318 y Fs(eval)870 | |
7571 | 3457 y(eval)47 b([)p Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 3597 | |
17345e5a | 7572 | y Ft(The)25 b(argumen)m(ts)h(are)g(concatenated)i(together)f(in)m(to)f |
495aee44 | 7573 | (a)g(single)h(command,)f(whic)m(h)g(is)f(then)630 3706 |
17345e5a JA |
7574 | y(read)35 b(and)g(executed,)j(and)d(its)h(exit)g(status)g(returned)e |
7575 | (as)h(the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)g Fs(eval)p Ft(.)54 b(If)630 | |
495aee44 | 7576 | 3816 y(there)31 b(are)f(no)h(argumen)m(ts)f(or)h(only)f(empt)m(y)h |
17345e5a | 7577 | (argumen)m(ts,)g(the)f(return)g(status)g(is)h(zero.)150 |
495aee44 | 7578 | 3985 y Fs(exec)870 4125 y(exec)47 b([-cl])f([-a)h Fi(name)11 |
0001803f | 7579 | b Fs(])46 b([)p Fi(command)56 b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)11 |
495aee44 | 7580 | b Fs(]])630 4264 y Ft(If)36 b Fq(command)k Ft(is)c(supplied,)h(it)g |
17345e5a | 7581 | (replaces)h(the)e(shell)h(without)f(creating)i(a)f(new)f(pro)s(cess.) |
495aee44 | 7582 | 630 4374 y(If)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g(the) |
17345e5a | 7583 | h(shell)f(places)h(a)g(dash)e(at)i(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(of)i(the)630 |
495aee44 | 7584 | 4483 y(zeroth)e(argumen)m(t)g(passed)f(to)h Fq(command)t |
0001803f | 7585 | Ft(.)56 b(This)34 b(is)i(what)f(the)h Fs(login)e Ft(program)h(do)s(es.) |
495aee44 | 7586 | 630 4593 y(The)e(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g |
17345e5a | 7587 | Fq(command)j Ft(to)e(b)s(e)e(executed)i(with)e(an)h(empt)m(y)g(en)m |
495aee44 | 7588 | (vironmen)m(t.)630 4702 y(If)d(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(is)h(supplied,)f(the) |
0001803f | 7589 | g(shell)h(passes)f Fq(name)37 b Ft(as)31 b(the)h(zeroth)g(argumen)m(t)g |
495aee44 | 7590 | (to)g Fq(command)t Ft(.)630 4812 y(If)45 b(no)g Fq(command)k |
17345e5a | 7591 | Ft(is)c(sp)s(eci\014ed,)k(redirections)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)j |
495aee44 | 7592 | (a\013ect)g(the)e(curren)m(t)630 4922 y(shell)33 b(en)m(vironmen)m(t.) |
17345e5a | 7593 | 48 b(If)32 b(there)h(are)g(no)f(redirection)h(errors,)g(the)g(return)e |
495aee44 CR |
7594 | (status)i(is)g(zero;)630 5031 y(otherwise)e(the)f(return)g(status)g(is) |
7595 | h(non-zero.)150 5200 y Fs(exit)870 5340 y(exit)47 b([)p | |
7596 | Fi(n)11 b Fs(])p eop end | |
7597 | %%Page: 39 45 | |
7598 | TeXDict begin 39 44 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
7599 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(39)630 299 y(Exit)30 | |
7600 | b(the)g(shell,)h(returning)d(a)j(status)f(of)g Fq(n)f | |
7601 | Ft(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(paren)m(t.)41 b(If)30 b Fq(n)f | |
7602 | Ft(is)h(omitted,)h(the)630 408 y(exit)c(status)g(is)g(that)g(of)g(the)g | |
7603 | (last)g(command)f(executed.)41 b(An)m(y)26 b(trap)h(on)f | |
7604 | Fs(EXIT)f Ft(is)i(executed)630 518 y(b)s(efore)j(the)h(shell)f | |
7605 | (terminates.)150 675 y Fs(export)870 808 y(export)46 | |
0001803f | 7606 | b([-fn])g([-p])h([)p Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g |
495aee44 | 7607 | Fs(]])630 941 y Ft(Mark)40 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(to)40 |
0001803f | 7608 | b(b)s(e)f(passed)g(to)i(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cesses)f(in)g(the)h(en)m |
495aee44 | 7609 | (vironmen)m(t.)70 b(If)39 b(the)630 1050 y(`)p Fs(-f)p |
0001803f CR |
7610 | Ft(')29 b(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(the)g Fq(name)5 b |
7611 | Ft(s)30 b(refer)f(to)h(shell)g(functions;)f(otherwise)h(the)g(names)630 | |
495aee44 | 7612 | 1160 y(refer)36 b(to)i(shell)e(v)-5 b(ariables.)60 b(The)36 |
0001803f | 7613 | b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)h(no)g(longer)g(mark)f(eac)m |
495aee44 | 7614 | (h)i Fq(name)630 1270 y Ft(for)h(exp)s(ort.)65 b(If)39 |
0001803f CR |
7615 | b(no)g Fq(names)j Ft(are)d(supplied,)h(or)f(if)g(the)g(`)p |
7616 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(giv)m(en,)j(a)d(list)h(of)630 | |
495aee44 | 7617 | 1379 y(exp)s(orted)c(names)h(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed.)60 |
0001803f | 7618 | b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(displa)m(ys)g(output)f(in)g(a)h |
495aee44 | 7619 | (form)f(that)630 1489 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(reused)g(as)h(input.)41 |
0001803f CR |
7620 | b(If)31 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name)g(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)d |
7621 | (=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)32 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 | |
495aee44 CR |
7622 | b(of)630 1598 y(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(set)h(to)g |
7623 | Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)630 1731 y(The)29 b(return)e(status)j(is)f | |
0001803f | 7624 | (zero)h(unless)e(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)f |
495aee44 | 7625 | (one)i(of)f(the)g(names)630 1841 y(is)h(not)h(a)f(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
7626 | b(alid)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name,)f(or)h(`)p |
7627 | Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(is)g(supplied)f(with)g(a)i(name)f(that)h(is)f(not)h(a) | |
495aee44 CR |
7628 | 630 1951 y(shell)g(function.)150 2107 y Fs(getopts)870 |
7629 | 2240 y(getopts)46 b Fi(optstring)56 b(name)h Fs([)p Fi(args)11 | |
7630 | b Fs(])630 2373 y(getopts)28 b Ft(is)i(used)g(b)m(y)g(shell)g(scripts)g | |
17345e5a | 7631 | (to)g(parse)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters.)41 b Fq(optstring)d |
495aee44 | 7632 | Ft(con-)630 2483 y(tains)k(the)g(option)f(c)m(haracters)i(to)g(b)s(e)d |
17345e5a | 7633 | (recognized;)49 b(if)42 b(a)f(c)m(haracter)j(is)d(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m |
495aee44 | 7634 | (y)f(a)630 2592 y(colon,)33 b(the)f(option)g(is)g(exp)s(ected)g(to)h |
17345e5a | 7635 | (ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)e(argumen)m(t,)i(whic)m(h)f(should)e(b)s(e)h |
495aee44 | 7636 | (separated)630 2702 y(from)37 b(it)h(b)m(y)f(white)h(space.)63 |
17345e5a | 7637 | b(The)37 b(colon)h(\(`)p Fs(:)p Ft('\))h(and)d(question)i(mark)f(\(`)p |
495aee44 | 7638 | Fs(?)p Ft('\))i(ma)m(y)f(not)g(b)s(e)630 2812 y(used)g(as)g(option)h(c) |
17345e5a | 7639 | m(haracters.)67 b(Eac)m(h)39 b(time)g(it)g(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k |
495aee44 | 7640 | Fs(getopts)37 b Ft(places)i(the)g(next)630 2921 y(option)29 |
0001803f CR |
7641 | b(in)f(the)g(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Fq(name)5 b |
7642 | Ft(,)29 b(initializing)h Fq(name)k Ft(if)28 b(it)h(do)s(es)f(not)g | |
495aee44 | 7643 | (exist,)i(and)e(the)630 3031 y(index)33 b(of)g(the)h(next)f(argumen)m |
0001803f | 7644 | (t)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(pro)s(cessed)h(in)m(to)h(the)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 7645 | b(ariable)34 b Fs(OPTIND)p Ft(.)48 b Fs(OPTIND)630 3140 |
0001803f CR |
7646 | y Ft(is)41 b(initialized)i(to)f(1)f(eac)m(h)h(time)g(the)f(shell)g(or)g |
7647 | (a)g(shell)g(script)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)74 b(When)41 | |
495aee44 | 7648 | b(an)630 3250 y(option)36 b(requires)e(an)h(argumen)m(t,)i |
0001803f | 7649 | Fs(getopts)c Ft(places)j(that)g(argumen)m(t)g(in)m(to)g(the)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 7650 | b(ariable)630 3360 y Fs(OPTARG)p Ft(.)55 b(The)35 b(shell)g(do)s(es)h |
0001803f | 7651 | (not)g(reset)g Fs(OPTIND)e Ft(automatically;)41 b(it)36 |
495aee44 | 7652 | b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(man)m(ually)630 3469 y(reset)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g |
0001803f | 7653 | (m)m(ultiple)h(calls)f(to)g Fs(getopts)e Ft(within)h(the)h(same)g |
495aee44 | 7654 | (shell)f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)j(if)e(a)630 3579 y(new)30 |
17345e5a | 7655 | b(set)h(of)f(parameters)h(is)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(used.)630 |
495aee44 | 7656 | 3712 y(When)41 b(the)h(end)e(of)i(options)g(is)f(encoun)m(tered,)k |
17345e5a | 7657 | Fs(getopts)39 b Ft(exits)j(with)f(a)h(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)630 |
495aee44 | 7658 | 3821 y(greater)32 b(than)e(zero.)41 b Fs(OPTIND)29 b |
17345e5a | 7659 | Ft(is)h(set)h(to)g(the)g(index)f(of)g(the)h(\014rst)f(non-option)g |
495aee44 CR |
7660 | (argumen)m(t,)630 3931 y(and)g Fq(name)35 b Ft(is)c(set)g(to)g(`)p |
7661 | Fs(?)p Ft('.)630 4064 y Fs(getopts)c Ft(normally)j(parses)e(the)i(p)s | |
17345e5a | 7662 | (ositional)g(parameters,)g(but)e(if)i(more)f(argumen)m(ts)h(are)630 |
495aee44 CR |
7663 | 4174 y(giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(args)t Ft(,)h Fs(getopts)e |
7664 | Ft(parses)g(those)i(instead.)630 4307 y Fs(getopts)h | |
17345e5a JA |
7665 | Ft(can)h(rep)s(ort)g(errors)g(in)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)51 |
7666 | b(If)33 b(the)h(\014rst)e(c)m(haracter)k(of)d Fq(optstring)42 | |
495aee44 | 7667 | b Ft(is)34 b(a)630 4416 y(colon,)i Fq(silen)m(t)i Ft(error)33 |
17345e5a | 7668 | b(rep)s(orting)h(is)h(used.)51 b(In)33 b(normal)i(op)s(eration)f |
495aee44 | 7669 | (diagnostic)i(messages)630 4526 y(are)30 b(prin)m(ted)e(when)g(in)m(v) |
17345e5a | 7670 | -5 b(alid)30 b(options)g(or)f(missing)g(option)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f |
495aee44 | 7671 | (encoun)m(tered.)630 4635 y(If)34 b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 |
17345e5a | 7672 | b Fs(OPTERR)d Ft(is)i(set)h(to)f(0,)i(no)e(error)g(messages)h(will)f(b) |
495aee44 | 7673 | s(e)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(ev)m(en)f(if)630 4745 y(the)c(\014rst)e(c)m |
17345e5a | 7674 | (haracter)j(of)f Fs(optstring)d Ft(is)i(not)h(a)f(colon.)630 |
495aee44 | 7675 | 4878 y(If)39 b(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(option)f(is)g(seen,)i |
17345e5a | 7676 | Fs(getopts)c Ft(places)j(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)h |
495aee44 | 7677 | Fq(name)k Ft(and,)d(if)e(not)g(silen)m(t,)630 4988 y(prin)m(ts)f(an)h |
17345e5a JA |
7678 | (error)f(message)h(and)f(unsets)g Fs(OPTARG)p Ft(.)67 |
7679 | b(If)39 b Fs(getopts)f Ft(is)i(silen)m(t,)j(the)c(option)630 | |
495aee44 | 7680 | 5097 y(c)m(haracter)32 b(found)d(is)h(placed)h(in)f Fs(OPTARG)f |
17345e5a | 7681 | Ft(and)h(no)g(diagnostic)i(message)f(is)g(prin)m(ted.)630 |
495aee44 | 7682 | 5230 y(If)c(a)g(required)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(not)g(found,)g(and)f |
17345e5a | 7683 | Fs(getopts)f Ft(is)i(not)h(silen)m(t,)h(a)e(question)g(mark)630 |
495aee44 | 7684 | 5340 y(\(`)p Fs(?)p Ft('\))35 b(is)g(placed)g(in)g Fq(name)5 |
0001803f | 7685 | b Ft(,)36 b Fs(OPTARG)d Ft(is)h(unset,)i(and)e(a)h(diagnostic)h |
495aee44 CR |
7686 | (message)f(is)g(prin)m(ted.)p eop end |
7687 | %%Page: 40 46 | |
7688 | TeXDict begin 40 45 bop 150 -116 a Ft(40)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
7689 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(If)i Fs(getopts)f Ft(is)h(silen)m(t,) | |
7690 | j(then)d(a)i(colon)f(\(`)p Fs(:)p Ft('\))h(is)e(placed)h(in)g | |
7691 | Fq(name)k Ft(and)33 b Fs(OPTARG)f Ft(is)i(set)g(to)630 | |
7692 | 408 y(the)d(option)f(c)m(haracter)i(found.)150 573 y | |
7693 | Fs(hash)870 710 y(hash)47 b([-r])f([-p)h Fi(filename)11 | |
7694 | b Fs(])45 b([-dt])h([)p Fi(name)11 b Fs(])630 847 y Ft(Eac)m(h)32 | |
7695 | b(time)g Fs(hash)e Ft(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)j(it)d(remem)m(b)s(ers)g | |
7696 | (the)g(full)g(pathnames)g(of)h(the)f(commands)630 956 | |
7697 | y(sp)s(eci\014ed)i(as)i Fq(name)k Ft(argumen)m(ts,)c(so)g(they)f(need)g | |
7698 | (not)g(b)s(e)f(searc)m(hed)i(for)f(on)g(subsequen)m(t)630 | |
7699 | 1066 y(in)m(v)m(o)s(cations.)79 b(The)41 b(commands)h(are)h(found)e(b)m | |
7700 | (y)h(searc)m(hing)i(through)d(the)i(directories)630 1176 | |
7701 | y(listed)33 b(in)g Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)47 b(An)m(y)33 b(previously-remem)m | |
7702 | (b)s(ered)f(pathname)h(is)g(discarded.)48 b(The)32 b(`)p | |
7703 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 1285 y(option)i(inhibits)e(the)i(path)f(searc)m(h,)i | |
7704 | (and)e Fq(\014lename)38 b Ft(is)c(used)e(as)i(the)f(lo)s(cation)i(of)f | |
7705 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)630 1395 y(The)35 b(`)p Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)g | |
7706 | (causes)h(the)g(shell)f(to)h(forget)g(all)g(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(lo)s | |
7707 | (cations.)56 b(The)35 b(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')630 1504 y(option)c(causes)f | |
7708 | (the)g(shell)h(to)f(forget)i(the)e(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(lo)s(cation)j(of) | |
7709 | e(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)41 b(If)30 b(the)630 1614 | |
7710 | y(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')35 b(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(full)f | |
7711 | (pathname)g(to)i(whic)m(h)e(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)41 b Ft(corresp)s(onds)34 | |
7712 | b(is)630 1724 y(prin)m(ted.)39 b(If)26 b(m)m(ultiple)h | |
7713 | Fq(name)32 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)27 b(are)g(supplied)e(with)h(`)p | |
7714 | Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(the)h Fq(name)32 b Ft(is)26 b(prin)m(ted)630 | |
7715 | 1833 y(b)s(efore)f(the)h(hashed)e(full)h(pathname.)39 | |
7716 | b(The)25 b(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')h(option)f(causes)h(output)f(to)i(b)s(e)d | |
7717 | (displa)m(y)m(ed)630 1943 y(in)31 b(a)g(format)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e) | |
7718 | f(reused)f(as)h(input.)42 b(If)31 b(no)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f(giv)m | |
7719 | (en,)i(or)e(if)g(only)630 2052 y(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')44 | |
7720 | b(is)f(supplied,)j(information)e(ab)s(out)g(remem)m(b)s(ered)f | |
7721 | (commands)g(is)h(prin)m(ted.)80 b(The)630 2162 y(return)25 | |
7722 | b(status)h(is)f(zero)i(unless)e(a)h Fq(name)31 b Ft(is)26 | |
7723 | b(not)g(found)e(or)i(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)26 b(option)g(is)g | |
7724 | (supplied.)150 2326 y Fs(pwd)870 2463 y(pwd)47 b([-LP])630 | |
7725 | 2600 y Ft(Prin)m(t)24 b(the)h(absolute)g(pathname)g(of)f(the)h(curren)m | |
7726 | (t)f(w)m(orking)h(directory)-8 b(.)40 b(If)23 b(the)i(`)p | |
7727 | Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(option)630 2710 y(is)36 b(supplied,)f(the)h(pathname)f | |
7728 | (prin)m(ted)g(will)h(not)g(con)m(tain)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(links.)55 | |
7729 | b(If)35 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-L)p Ft(')630 2819 y(option)44 | |
7730 | b(is)g(supplied,)i(the)e(pathname)f(prin)m(ted)h(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h | |
7731 | (sym)m(b)s(olic)f(links.)80 b(The)630 2929 y(return)26 | |
7732 | b(status)h(is)h(zero)g(unless)e(an)h(error)g(is)g(encoun)m(tered)g | |
7733 | (while)h(determining)f(the)g(name)630 3039 y(of)k(the)f(curren)m(t)g | |
7734 | (directory)h(or)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(option)g(is)f(supplied.) | |
7735 | 150 3203 y Fs(readonly)870 3340 y(readonly)46 b([-aApf])f([)p | |
7736 | Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g Fs(]])43 b(...)630 3477 | |
7737 | y Ft(Mark)24 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(as)24 b(readonly)-8 | |
7738 | b(.)39 b(The)24 b(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(of)g(these)g(names)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g | |
7739 | (b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)630 3587 y(subsequen)m(t)e(assignmen)m(t.) | |
7740 | 39 b(If)22 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)i(is)e(supplied,)h(eac)m | |
7741 | (h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)22 b(to)i(a)f(shell)630 3696 | |
7742 | y(function.)39 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)g(eac)m(h)h | |
17345e5a | 7743 | Fq(name)k Ft(refers)26 b(to)i(an)e(indexed)h(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 7744 | b(ariable;)630 3806 y(the)33 b(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(option)g(means)g(eac) |
17345e5a | 7745 | m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)32 b(to)h(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d |
495aee44 | 7746 | (v)-5 b(ariable.)49 b(If)32 b(no)630 3915 y Fq(name)f |
17345e5a JA |
7747 | Ft(argumen)m(ts)26 b(are)g(giv)m(en,)i(or)d(if)h(the)g(`)p |
7748 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(a)h(list)h(of)e(all)i | |
495aee44 | 7749 | (readonly)630 4025 y(names)37 b(is)g(prin)m(ted.)59 b(The)37 |
17345e5a | 7750 | b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)i(causes)f(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(displa)m |
495aee44 | 7751 | (y)m(ed)i(in)e(a)i(format)630 4134 y(that)25 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(reused) |
0001803f CR |
7752 | h(as)g(input.)38 b(If)24 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(name)g(is)f(follo)m |
7753 | (w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)26 b(the)e(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 7754 | b(alue)630 4244 y(of)26 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(set)h(to)g |
0001803f | 7755 | Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)40 b(The)26 b(return)f(status)i(is)f(zero)h |
495aee44 | 7756 | (unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)26 b(option)630 4354 |
0001803f | 7757 | y(is)k(supplied,)f(one)h(of)g(the)g Fq(name)35 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30 |
17345e5a | 7758 | b(is)g(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30 |
495aee44 | 7759 | b(or)g(function)630 4463 y(name,)h(or)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p |
17345e5a | 7760 | Ft(')f(option)h(is)f(supplied)f(with)h(a)h(name)f(that)h(is)g(not)f(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
7761 | (shell)g(function.)150 4628 y Fs(return)870 4765 y(return)46 |
7762 | b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 4902 y Ft(Cause)30 b(a)g(shell)g(function)g | |
17345e5a JA |
7763 | (to)h(exit)f(with)g(the)g(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fq(n)p |
7764 | Ft(.)40 b(If)29 b Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(not)g(supplied,)f(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 7765 | 5011 y(return)35 b(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h |
17345e5a | 7766 | (the)f(last)h(command)f(executed)h(in)f(the)g(function.)630 |
495aee44 | 7767 | 5121 y(This)21 b(ma)m(y)i(also)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(terminate)g |
17345e5a | 7768 | (execution)g(of)f(a)h(script)f(b)s(eing)f(executed)i(with)f(the)630 |
495aee44 | 7769 | 5230 y Fs(.)27 b Ft(\(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(\))f(builtin,)i(returning)e |
17345e5a | 7770 | (either)h Fq(n)g Ft(or)g(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h |
495aee44 CR |
7771 | (command)630 5340 y(executed)46 b(within)f(the)g(script)g(as)h(the)f |
7772 | (exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(script.)85 b(An)m(y)45 b(command)p | |
0001803f | 7773 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
7774 | %%Page: 41 47 |
7775 | TeXDict begin 41 46 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
7776 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(41)630 299 y(asso)s(ciated)30 | |
7777 | b(with)e(the)g Fs(RETURN)f Ft(trap)h(is)g(executed)h(b)s(efore)f | |
7778 | (execution)h(resumes)f(after)h(the)630 408 y(function)38 | |
7779 | b(or)f(script.)63 b(The)38 b(return)e(status)i(is)g(non-zero)h(if)e | |
7780 | Fs(return)g Ft(is)g(used)g(outside)i(a)630 518 y(function)30 | |
7781 | b(and)g(not)g(during)g(the)g(execution)i(of)e(a)h(script)f(b)m(y)h | |
7782 | Fs(.)f Ft(or)g Fs(source)p Ft(.)150 682 y Fs(shift)870 | |
7783 | 819 y(shift)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(])630 956 y Ft(Shift)41 | |
0001803f CR |
7784 | b(the)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)g(to)g(the)f(left)h(b)m(y)g |
7785 | Fq(n)p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(p)s(ositional)j(parameters)630 | |
495aee44 | 7786 | 1066 y(from)34 b Fq(n)p Fs(+)p Ft(1)39 b(.)22 b(.)h(.)45 |
17345e5a JA |
7787 | b Fs($#)34 b Ft(are)g(renamed)g(to)h Fs($1)k Ft(.)22 |
7788 | b(.)g(.)46 b Fs($#)p Ft(-)p Fq(n)p Ft(.)51 b(P)m(arameters)36 | |
495aee44 | 7789 | b(represen)m(ted)e(b)m(y)g(the)630 1176 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)25 |
17345e5a JA |
7790 | b Fs($#)i Ft(to)g Fs($#)p Ft(-)p Fq(n)p Fs(+)p Ft(1)g(are)g(unset.)39 |
7791 | b Fq(n)26 b Ft(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(a)i(non-negativ)m(e)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) | |
495aee44 | 7792 | c(less)i(than)g(or)630 1285 y(equal)33 b(to)h Fs($#)p |
0001803f CR |
7793 | Ft(.)47 b(If)33 b Fq(n)f Ft(is)h(zero)g(or)g(greater)h(than)f |
7794 | Fs($#)p Ft(,)g(the)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)g(are)h(not)630 | |
495aee44 | 7795 | 1395 y(c)m(hanged.)48 b(If)32 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(supplied,)h(it)g |
17345e5a | 7796 | (is)f(assumed)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(1.)48 b(The)32 b(return)g(status)h(is)f |
495aee44 | 7797 | (zero)630 1504 y(unless)e Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(greater)g(than)g |
17345e5a | 7798 | Fs($#)e Ft(or)i(less)f(than)h(zero,)g(non-zero)g(otherwise.)150 |
495aee44 | 7799 | 1669 y Fs(test)150 1778 y([)432 b Ft(Ev)-5 b(aluate)31 |
0001803f CR |
7800 | b(a)g(conditional)g(expression)f Fq(expr)7 b Ft(.)40 |
7801 | b(Eac)m(h)30 b(op)s(erator)h(and)e(op)s(erand)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(a)630 | |
495aee44 | 7802 | 1888 y(separate)d(argumen)m(t.)40 b(Expressions)25 b(are)i(comp)s(osed) |
0001803f | 7803 | e(of)i(the)f(primaries)g(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)630 |
495aee44 CR |
7804 | 1998 y(in)34 b(Section)g(6.4)h([Bash)g(Conditional)f(Expressions],)h |
7805 | (page)g(78.)52 b Fs(test)33 b Ft(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)630 | |
7806 | 2107 y(an)m(y)27 b(options,)i(nor)d(do)s(es)h(it)g(accept)i(and)d | |
17345e5a | 7807 | (ignore)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)g(of)g(`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')g(as)h(signifying)f |
495aee44 | 7808 | (the)630 2217 y(end)j(of)g(options.)630 2354 y(When)g(the)h |
17345e5a | 7809 | Fs([)f Ft(form)g(is)g(used,)g(the)g(last)i(argumen)m(t)e(to)i(the)e |
495aee44 | 7810 | (command)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(a)i Fs(])p Ft(.)630 2491 |
17345e5a JA |
7811 | y(Expressions)23 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined)i(using)f(the)h(follo)m |
7812 | (wing)h(op)s(erators,)g(listed)f(in)f(decreasing)630 | |
495aee44 | 7813 | 2600 y(order)30 b(of)h(precedence.)43 b(The)30 b(ev)-5 |
17345e5a | 7814 | b(aluation)33 b(dep)s(ends)28 b(on)j(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h |
495aee44 CR |
7815 | (argumen)m(ts;)g(see)630 2710 y(b)s(elo)m(w.)41 b(Op)s(erator)30 |
7816 | b(precedence)h(is)f(used)g(when)f(there)i(are)f(\014v)m(e)h(or)f(more)h | |
7817 | (argumen)m(ts.)630 2874 y Fs(!)f Fi(expr)210 b Ft(T)-8 | |
7818 | b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(expr)37 b Ft(is)30 b(false.)630 3039 | |
7819 | y Fs(\()g Fi(expr)40 b Fs(\))122 b Ft(Returns)23 b(the)h(v)-5 | |
7820 | b(alue)24 b(of)g Fq(expr)7 b Ft(.)37 b(This)23 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(used) | |
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7822 | b(of)f(op)s(erators.)630 3313 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-a)30 | |
7823 | b Fi(expr2)1110 3422 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g | |
7824 | Fq(expr1)37 b Ft(and)30 b Fq(expr2)38 b Ft(are)30 b(true.)630 | |
7825 | 3587 y Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(-o)30 b Fi(expr2)1110 3696 y | |
7826 | Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(either)h Fq(expr1)38 b Ft(or)30 | |
7827 | b Fq(expr2)37 b Ft(is)31 b(true.)630 3861 y(The)37 b | |
7828 | Fs(test)f Ft(and)g Fs([)h Ft(builtins)g(ev)-5 b(aluate)39 | |
7829 | b(conditional)f(expressions)f(using)g(a)g(set)h(of)f(rules)630 | |
7830 | 3970 y(based)30 b(on)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(argumen)m(ts.)630 | |
7831 | 4134 y(0)h(argumen)m(ts)1110 4244 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(false.)630 | |
7832 | 4408 y(1)h(argumen)m(t)1110 4518 y(The)f(expression)g(is)g(true)h(if)f | |
7833 | (and)g(only)g(if)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(not)h(n)m(ull.)630 | |
7834 | 4682 y(2)g(argumen)m(ts)1110 4792 y(If)f(the)h(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)h | |
17345e5a | 7835 | (is)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(',)g(the)g(expression)g(is)g(true)f(if)h(and)f |
495aee44 | 7836 | (only)h(if)g(the)1110 4902 y(second)j(argumen)m(t)f(is)h(n)m(ull.)50 |
17345e5a | 7837 | b(If)33 b(the)h(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(is)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(unary) |
495aee44 CR |
7838 | 1110 5011 y(conditional)42 b(op)s(erators)f(\(see)g(Section)h(6.4)f |
7839 | ([Bash)g(Conditional)g(Expres-)1110 5121 y(sions],)34 | |
7840 | b(page)f(78\),)i(the)e(expression)f(is)h(true)g(if)g(the)g(unary)e | |
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17345e5a | 7842 | (is)f(not)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)34 b(unary)e(op)s(erator,)i(the)g |
495aee44 CR |
7843 | (expression)f(is)1110 5340 y(false.)p eop end |
7844 | %%Page: 42 48 | |
7845 | TeXDict begin 42 47 bop 150 -116 a Ft(42)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
7846 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(3)g(argumen)m(ts)1110 | |
7847 | 408 y(The)44 b(follo)m(wing)i(conditions)f(are)g(applied)f(in)g(the)g | |
7848 | (order)g(listed.)84 b(If)44 b(the)1110 518 y(second)f(argumen)m(t)g(is) | |
7849 | g(one)g(of)g(the)g(binary)f(conditional)i(op)s(erators)f(\(see)1110 | |
7850 | 628 y(Section)h(6.4)g([Bash)g(Conditional)g(Expressions],)i(page)e | |
7851 | (78\),)k(the)43 b(result)1110 737 y(of)h(the)h(expression)f(is)g(the)g | |
7852 | (result)g(of)h(the)f(binary)g(test)h(using)e(the)i(\014rst)1110 | |
7853 | 847 y(and)31 b(third)g(argumen)m(ts)i(as)f(op)s(erands.)44 | |
7854 | b(The)31 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(and)g(`)p Fs(-o)p Ft(')f(op)s(erators)i | |
7855 | (are)1110 956 y(considered)25 b(binary)g(op)s(erators)g(when)f(there)i | |
7856 | (are)f(three)h(argumen)m(ts.)39 b(If)25 b(the)1110 1066 | |
7857 | y(\014rst)j(argumen)m(t)h(is)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(',)h(the)f(v)-5 | |
7858 | b(alue)29 b(is)g(the)g(negation)i(of)e(the)g(t)m(w)m(o-argumen)m(t)1110 | |
7859 | 1176 y(test)38 b(using)f(the)g(second)g(and)g(third)f(argumen)m(ts.)61 | |
7860 | b(If)37 b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)1110 1285 y(is)j(exactly)i(`)p | |
7861 | Fs(\()p Ft(')f(and)f(the)g(third)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(exactly)i(`)p | |
7862 | Fs(\))p Ft(',)h(the)e(result)f(is)1110 1395 y(the)46 | |
7863 | b(one-argumen)m(t)g(test)h(of)f(the)f(second)h(argumen)m(t.)86 | |
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7866 | (is)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(',)h(the)f(result)g(is)g(the)g(negation)h(of)f(the) | |
7867 | g(three-)1110 1877 y(argumen)m(t)h(expression)f(comp)s(osed)h(of)f(the) | |
7868 | h(remaining)g(argumen)m(ts.)50 b(Oth-)1110 1987 y(erwise,)34 | |
7869 | b(the)f(expression)g(is)g(parsed)g(and)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)34 | |
7870 | b(according)h(to)e(prece-)1110 2096 y(dence)e(using)e(the)i(rules)f | |
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7875 | 2622 y(When)40 b(used)f(with)g Fs(test)g Ft(or)h(`)p | |
7876 | Fs([)p Ft(',)j(the)d(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(>)p | |
7877 | Ft(')h(op)s(erators)g(sort)g(lexicographically)630 2732 | |
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7881 | (hildren.)61 b(The)630 3258 y(return)29 b(status)i(is)f(zero.)150 | |
7882 | 3411 y Fs(trap)870 3543 y(trap)47 b([-lp])f([)p Fi(arg)11 | |
7883 | b Fs(])46 b([)p Fi(sigspec)56 b Fs(...)o(])630 3674 y | |
0001803f CR |
7884 | Ft(The)43 b(commands)f(in)h Fq(arg)51 b Ft(are)44 b(to)g(b)s(e)e(read)h |
7885 | (and)g(executed)h(when)e(the)h(shell)g(receiv)m(es)630 | |
495aee44 | 7886 | 3784 y(signal)36 b Fq(sigsp)s(ec)6 b Ft(.)55 b(If)35 |
0001803f CR |
7887 | b Fq(arg)44 b Ft(is)35 b(absen)m(t)h(\(and)f(there)g(is)g(a)h(single)g |
7888 | Fq(sigsp)s(ec)6 b Ft(\))35 b(or)h(equal)f(to)i(`)p Fs(-)p | |
495aee44 | 7889 | Ft(',)630 3893 y(eac)m(h)28 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(signal's)h(disp)s |
17345e5a | 7890 | (osition)f(is)h(reset)g(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(it)g(had)f(when)f |
495aee44 | 7891 | (the)i(shell)g(w)m(as)630 4003 y(started.)63 b(If)37 |
17345e5a JA |
7892 | b Fq(arg)46 b Ft(is)37 b(the)h(n)m(ull)g(string,)h(then)e(the)h(signal) |
7893 | h(sp)s(eci\014ed)d(b)m(y)i(eac)m(h)h Fq(sigsp)s(ec)k | |
495aee44 | 7894 | Ft(is)630 4113 y(ignored)36 b(b)m(y)g(the)g(shell)g(and)g(commands)f |
17345e5a | 7895 | (it)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es.)59 b(If)35 b Fq(arg)45 b Ft(is)36 |
495aee44 | 7896 | b(not)g(presen)m(t)g(and)f(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 4222 |
17345e5a | 7897 | y(has)e(b)s(een)g(supplied,)f(the)i(shell)f(displa)m(ys)h(the)f(trap)g |
495aee44 | 7898 | (commands)g(asso)s(ciated)i(with)e(eac)m(h)630 4332 y |
0001803f CR |
7899 | Fq(sigsp)s(ec)6 b Ft(.)40 b(If)28 b(no)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)g |
7900 | (supplied,)f(or)g(only)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(is)g(giv)m(en,)i | |
495aee44 | 7901 | Fs(trap)e Ft(prin)m(ts)g(the)g(list)630 4441 y(of)g(commands)f(asso)s |
0001803f | 7902 | (ciated)i(with)f(eac)m(h)h(signal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(in)i(a)g(form)f |
495aee44 | 7903 | (that)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(reused)630 4551 y(as)34 b(shell)g(input.)51 |
0001803f | 7904 | b(The)33 b(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')h(option)g(causes)h(the)f(shell)g(to)h |
495aee44 | 7905 | (prin)m(t)e(a)i(list)f(of)g(signal)h(names)630 4661 y(and)j(their)h |
0001803f CR |
7906 | (corresp)s(onding)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)65 b(Eac)m(h)39 |
7907 | b Fq(sigsp)s(ec)45 b Ft(is)39 b(either)g(a)g(signal)h(name)f(or)g(a)630 | |
495aee44 | 7908 | 4770 y(signal)27 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)39 b(Signal)27 b(names)f(are)h |
0001803f | 7909 | (case)h(insensitiv)m(e)g(and)e(the)g Fs(SIG)g Ft(pre\014x)g(is)h |
495aee44 | 7910 | (optional.)630 4902 y(If)35 b(a)g Fq(sigsp)s(ec)41 b |
0001803f CR |
7911 | Ft(is)35 b Fs(0)g Ft(or)g Fs(EXIT)p Ft(,)g Fq(arg)43 |
7912 | b Ft(is)35 b(executed)h(when)e(the)h(shell)h(exits.)55 | |
495aee44 | 7913 | b(If)35 b(a)g Fq(sigsp)s(ec)41 b Ft(is)630 5011 y Fs(DEBUG)p |
0001803f CR |
7914 | Ft(,)32 b(the)g(command)g Fq(arg)40 b Ft(is)33 b(executed)g(b)s(efore)f |
7915 | (ev)m(ery)h(simple)f(command,)h Fs(for)e Ft(com-)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
7916 | 5121 y(mand,)d Fs(case)g Ft(command,)h Fs(select)e Ft(command,)i(ev)m |
7917 | (ery)h(arithmetic)g Fs(for)d Ft(command,)j(and)630 5230 | |
0001803f CR |
7918 | y(b)s(efore)22 b(the)g(\014rst)f(command)h(executes)i(in)e(a)g(shell)h |
7919 | (function.)37 b(Refer)22 b(to)h(the)g(description)f(of)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
7920 | 5340 y(the)i Fs(extdebug)d Ft(option)j(to)h(the)f Fs(shopt)e |
7921 | Ft(builtin)h(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)p | |
7922 | eop end | |
7923 | %%Page: 43 49 | |
7924 | TeXDict begin 43 48 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
7925 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(43)630 299 y(page)33 | |
7926 | b(57\))g(for)f(details)h(of)f(its)h(e\013ect)g(on)f(the)g | |
7927 | Fs(DEBUG)f Ft(trap.)46 b(If)31 b(a)i Fq(sigsp)s(ec)38 | |
7928 | b Ft(is)32 b Fs(RETURN)p Ft(,)f(the)630 408 y(command)h | |
0001803f | 7929 | Fq(arg)41 b Ft(is)33 b(executed)g(eac)m(h)h(time)f(a)g(shell)g |
495aee44 | 7930 | (function)g(or)f(a)h(script)g(executed)g(with)630 518 |
0001803f | 7931 | y(the)e Fs(.)f Ft(or)g Fs(source)f Ft(builtins)g(\014nishes)h |
495aee44 | 7932 | (executing.)630 651 y(If)g(a)i Fq(sigsp)s(ec)k Ft(is)31 |
0001803f | 7933 | b Fs(ERR)p Ft(,)f(the)h(command)g Fq(arg)39 b Ft(is)31 |
495aee44 | 7934 | b(executed)g(whenev)m(er)g(a)g(simple)g(command)630 761 |
0001803f CR |
7935 | y(has)k(a)h(non-zero)h(exit)f(status,)i(sub)5 b(ject)35 |
7936 | b(to)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(conditions.)57 b(The)35 b | |
495aee44 CR |
7937 | Fs(ERR)g Ft(trap)630 870 y(is)30 b(not)f(executed)i(if)e(the)h(failed)g |
7938 | (command)g(is)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(command)f(list)i(immediately)630 | |
7939 | 980 y(follo)m(wing)47 b(an)d Fs(until)g Ft(or)h Fs(while)f | |
0001803f | 7940 | Ft(k)m(eyw)m(ord,)49 b(part)c(of)g(the)h(test)g(follo)m(wing)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 7941 | Fs(if)g Ft(or)630 1090 y Fs(elif)d Ft(reserv)m(ed)i(w)m(ords,)j(part)c |
0001803f | 7942 | (of)h(a)g(command)f(executed)i(in)e(a)h Fs(&&)f Ft(or)h |
495aee44 CR |
7943 | Fs(||)f Ft(list,)k(or)d(if)630 1199 y(the)c(command's)g(return)f |
7944 | (status)h(is)g(b)s(eing)f(in)m(v)m(erted)i(using)f Fs(!)p | |
7945 | Ft(.)68 b(These)40 b(are)g(the)h(same)630 1309 y(conditions)31 | |
7946 | b(ob)s(ey)m(ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(errexit)f Ft(option.)630 | |
7947 | 1442 y(Signals)37 b(ignored)f(up)s(on)f(en)m(try)i(to)g(the)f(shell)h | |
7948 | (cannot)g(b)s(e)f(trapp)s(ed)f(or)h(reset.)59 b(T)-8 | |
7949 | b(rapp)s(ed)630 1552 y(signals)28 b(that)f(are)h(not)f(b)s(eing)g | |
0001803f | 7950 | (ignored)g(are)g(reset)h(to)g(their)f(original)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
7951 | b(alues)28 b(in)e(a)i(subshell)630 1661 y(or)i(subshell)g(en)m |
7952 | (vironmen)m(t)h(when)e(one)i(is)f(created.)630 1794 y(The)g(return)f | |
7953 | (status)i(is)f(zero)h(unless)f(a)h Fq(sigsp)s(ec)36 b | |
7954 | Ft(do)s(es)30 b(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 | |
7955 | b(signal.)150 1951 y Fs(umask)870 2084 y(umask)46 b([-p])h([-S])g([)p | |
7956 | Fi(mode)11 b Fs(])630 2218 y Ft(Set)29 b(the)h(shell)f(pro)s(cess's)g | |
0001803f CR |
7957 | (\014le)g(creation)h(mask)f(to)h Fq(mo)s(de)5 b Ft(.)40 |
7958 | b(If)28 b Fq(mo)s(de)34 b Ft(b)s(egins)29 b(with)f(a)i(digit,)630 | |
495aee44 | 7959 | 2327 y(it)e(is)f(in)m(terpreted)g(as)g(an)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s |
0001803f | 7960 | (er;)e(if)g(not,)h(it)g(is)f(in)m(terpreted)g(as)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)f |
495aee44 | 7961 | (mo)s(de)630 2437 y(mask)i(similar)g(to)g(that)h(accepted)g(b)m(y)f |
0001803f | 7962 | (the)g Fs(chmod)e Ft(command.)40 b(If)28 b Fq(mo)s(de)34 |
495aee44 | 7963 | b Ft(is)28 b(omitted,)j(the)630 2546 y(curren)m(t)36 |
0001803f CR |
7964 | b(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g(the)h(mask)f(is)g(prin)m(ted.)57 |
7965 | b(If)35 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-S)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied)f(without)h | |
495aee44 | 7966 | (a)630 2656 y Fq(mo)s(de)k Ft(argumen)m(t,)d(the)e(mask)g(is)g(prin)m |
0001803f | 7967 | (ted)g(in)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(format.)55 b(If)35 b(the)g(`)p |
495aee44 | 7968 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)630 2766 y(is)f(supplied,)f(and)g |
17345e5a | 7969 | Fq(mo)s(de)38 b Ft(is)33 b(omitted,)j(the)e(output)f(is)g(in)h(a)g |
495aee44 | 7970 | (form)f(that)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(reused)630 2875 y(as)e(input.)41 |
17345e5a | 7971 | b(The)31 b(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)e(the)h(mo)s(de)g(is)g |
495aee44 | 7972 | (successfully)g(c)m(hanged)g(or)g(if)g(no)630 2985 y |
17345e5a | 7973 | Fq(mo)s(de)k Ft(argumen)m(t)c(is)f(supplied,)g(and)f(non-zero)i |
495aee44 | 7974 | (otherwise.)630 3118 y(Note)38 b(that)e(when)g(the)g(mo)s(de)g(is)g(in) |
17345e5a | 7975 | m(terpreted)h(as)f(an)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)e(eac)m(h)i(n)m(um) |
495aee44 | 7976 | m(b)s(er)d(of)630 3228 y(the)f(umask)g(is)h(subtracted)f(from)f |
17345e5a | 7977 | Fs(7)p Ft(.)53 b(Th)m(us,)34 b(a)h(umask)e(of)i Fs(022)e |
495aee44 CR |
7978 | Ft(results)h(in)g(p)s(ermissions)630 3337 y(of)d Fs(755)p |
7979 | Ft(.)150 3494 y Fs(unset)870 3627 y(unset)46 b([-fv])h([)p | |
7980 | Fi(name)11 b Fs(])630 3760 y Ft(Eac)m(h)34 b(v)-5 b(ariable)33 | |
17345e5a JA |
7981 | b(or)g(function)g Fq(name)38 b Ft(is)33 b(remo)m(v)m(ed.)50 |
7982 | b(If)32 b(no)h(options)h(are)f(supplied,)g(or)g(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 7983 | 3870 y(`)p Fs(-v)p Ft(')h(option)h(is)g(giv)m(en,)h(eac)m(h)g |
17345e5a | 7984 | Fq(name)k Ft(refers)34 b(to)h(a)g(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)54 |
495aee44 | 7985 | b(If)34 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)630 3980 |
17345e5a JA |
7986 | y(giv)m(en,)27 b(the)d Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)25 b(refer)f(to)h(shell)g |
7987 | (functions,)g(and)f(the)g(function)g(de\014nition)g(is)h(remo)m(v)m | |
495aee44 | 7988 | (ed.)630 4089 y(Readonly)32 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(and)f(functions)f |
17345e5a | 7989 | (ma)m(y)i(not)f(b)s(e)g(unset.)45 b(The)32 b(return)f(status)h(is)g |
495aee44 CR |
7990 | (zero)630 4199 y(unless)e(a)g Fq(name)36 b Ft(is)30 b(readonly)-8 |
7991 | b(.)150 4429 y Fr(4.2)68 b(Bash)45 b(Builtin)g(Commands)150 | |
7992 | 4588 y Ft(This)c(section)h(describ)s(es)f(builtin)f(commands)h(whic)m | |
0001803f | 7993 | (h)g(are)h(unique)e(to)j(or)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)f(extended)g(in)150 |
495aee44 CR |
7994 | 4698 y(Bash.)g(Some)30 b(of)h(these)g(commands)f(are)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g |
7995 | (in)g(the)h Fl(posix)e Ft(standard.)150 4854 y Fs(alias)870 | |
7996 | 4988 y(alias)46 b([-p])h([)p Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g | |
7997 | Fs(])43 b(...)o(])630 5121 y Ft(Without)h(argumen)m(ts)f(or)g(with)g | |
0001803f | 7998 | (the)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option,)k Fs(alias)41 b Ft(prin)m(ts)i(the)g |
495aee44 | 7999 | (list)h(of)f(aliases)630 5230 y(on)36 b(the)g(standard)f(output)h(in)f |
0001803f | 8000 | (a)i(form)e(that)i(allo)m(ws)g(them)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h |
495aee44 | 8001 | (input.)56 b(If)630 5340 y(argumen)m(ts)29 b(are)g(supplied,)f(an)h |
0001803f | 8002 | (alias)h(is)f(de\014ned)e(for)i(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(whose)28 |
495aee44 CR |
8003 | b Fq(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Ft(is)29 b(giv)m(en.)p eop end |
8004 | %%Page: 44 50 | |
8005 | TeXDict begin 44 49 bop 150 -116 a Ft(44)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8006 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(If)39 b(no)h Fq(v)-5 | |
8007 | b(alue)45 b Ft(is)40 b(giv)m(en,)j(the)d(name)f(and)g(v)-5 | |
8008 | b(alue)40 b(of)g(the)g(alias)h(is)f(prin)m(ted.)68 b(Aliases)41 | |
8009 | b(are)630 408 y(describ)s(ed)29 b(in)h(Section)i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h | |
8010 | (page)f(81.)150 575 y Fs(bind)870 713 y(bind)47 b([-m)g | |
8011 | Fi(keymap)11 b Fs(])45 b([-lpsvPSV])870 822 y(bind)i([-m)g | |
8012 | Fi(keymap)11 b Fs(])45 b([-q)i Fi(function)11 b Fs(])45 | |
8013 | b([-u)h Fi(function)11 b Fs(])45 b([-r)i Fi(keyseq)11 | |
8014 | b Fs(])870 932 y(bind)47 b([-m)g Fi(keymap)11 b Fs(])45 | |
8015 | b(-f)i Fi(filename)870 1042 y Fs(bind)g([-m)g Fi(keymap)11 | |
8016 | b Fs(])45 b(-x)i Fi(keyseq:shell-command)870 1151 y Fs(bind)g([-m)g | |
0001803f | 8017 | Fi(keymap)11 b Fs(])45 b Fi(keyseq:function-name)870 |
495aee44 | 8018 | 1261 y Fs(bind)i Fi(readline-command)630 1399 y Ft(Displa)m(y)26 |
17345e5a | 8019 | b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(\(see)g(Chapter)f(8)g([Command)g(Line)g |
495aee44 | 8020 | (Editing],)i(page)f(95\))g(k)m(ey)630 1508 y(and)36 b(function)g |
17345e5a | 8021 | (bindings,)i(bind)d(a)i(k)m(ey)g(sequence)g(to)h(a)f(Readline)g |
495aee44 | 8022 | (function)f(or)h(macro,)630 1618 y(or)44 b(set)h(a)g(Readline)f(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 8023 | b(ariable.)83 b(Eac)m(h)45 b(non-option)g(argumen)m(t)f(is)g(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
8024 | (command)f(as)g(it)630 1728 y(w)m(ould)e(app)s(ear)f(in)h(a)h(Readline) |
8025 | g(initialization)i(\014le)d(\(see)h(Section)g(8.3)g([Readline)g(Init) | |
8026 | 630 1837 y(File],)g(page)c(98\),)k(but)38 b(eac)m(h)i(binding)e(or)h | |
0001803f | 8027 | (command)g(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(passed)g(as)i(a)f(separate)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8028 | 1947 y(argumen)m(t;)31 b(e.g.,)h(`)p Fs("\\C-x\\C-r":re-read-init-f)o |
8029 | (ile)p Ft('.)630 2085 y(Options,)e(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g | |
8030 | (follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 2251 y Fs(-m)e Fi(keymap)1110 | |
8031 | 2361 y Ft(Use)54 b Fq(k)m(eymap)j Ft(as)d(the)g(k)m(eymap)g(to)h(b)s(e) | |
8032 | e(a\013ected)i(b)m(y)f(the)g(subsequen)m(t)1110 2470 | |
0001803f | 8033 | y(bindings.)46 b(Acceptable)34 b Fq(k)m(eymap)i Ft(names)c(are)h |
495aee44 | 8034 | Fs(emacs)p Ft(,)f Fs(emacs-standard)p Ft(,)1110 2580 |
0001803f CR |
8035 | y Fs(emacs-meta)p Ft(,)99 b Fs(emacs-ctlx)p Ft(,)f Fs(vi)p |
8036 | Ft(,)j Fs(vi-move)p Ft(,)f Fs(vi-command)p Ft(,)f(and)1110 | |
495aee44 | 8037 | 2690 y Fs(vi-insert)p Ft(.)64 b Fs(vi)38 b Ft(is)h(equiv)-5 |
0001803f | 8038 | b(alen)m(t)41 b(to)e Fs(vi-command)p Ft(;)i Fs(emacs)c |
495aee44 CR |
8039 | Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)1110 2799 y(to)31 b Fs(emacs-standard)p |
8040 | Ft(.)630 2966 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(List)31 b(the)f(names)g(of)h(all)g | |
8041 | (Readline)g(functions.)630 3132 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)34 | |
0001803f | 8042 | b(Readline)f(function)g(names)g(and)f(bindings)f(in)i(suc)m(h)f(a)i(w)m |
495aee44 CR |
8043 | (a)m(y)f(that)1110 3242 y(they)e(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(as)g(input)g(or)g |
8044 | (in)g(a)h(Readline)g(initialization)i(\014le.)630 3408 | |
0001803f | 8045 | y Fs(-P)384 b Ft(List)31 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(function)f(names)g |
495aee44 | 8046 | (and)g(bindings.)630 3574 y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)25 |
0001803f | 8047 | b(Readline)f(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(names)f(and)f(v)-5 b(alues)24 |
495aee44 | 8048 | b(in)g(suc)m(h)f(a)i(w)m(a)m(y)f(that)h(they)1110 3684 |
0001803f | 8049 | y(can)31 b(b)s(e)e(used)h(as)h(input)e(or)h(in)g(a)h(Readline)g |
495aee44 | 8050 | (initialization)j(\014le.)630 3850 y Fs(-V)384 b Ft(List)31 |
0001803f | 8051 | b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(names)f(and)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8052 | b(alues.)630 4017 y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)39 b(Readline)f(k)m(ey)g |
17345e5a | 8053 | (sequences)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i(macros)g(and)f(the)g(strings)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8054 | 4126 y(they)d(output)f(in)h(suc)m(h)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)f(they)g |
8055 | (can)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(as)h(input)e(or)i(in)g(a)1110 4236 | |
8056 | y(Readline)d(initialization)i(\014le.)630 4402 y Fs(-S)384 | |
0001803f | 8057 | b Ft(Displa)m(y)39 b(Readline)f(k)m(ey)g(sequences)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i |
495aee44 CR |
8058 | (macros)g(and)f(the)g(strings)1110 4512 y(they)31 b(output.)630 |
8059 | 4678 y Fs(-f)f Fi(filename)1110 4788 y Ft(Read)h(k)m(ey)g(bindings)e | |
8060 | (from)h Fq(\014lename)5 b Ft(.)630 4954 y Fs(-q)30 b | |
8061 | Fi(function)1110 5064 y Ft(Query)g(ab)s(out)g(whic)m(h)g(k)m(eys)h(in)m | |
8062 | (v)m(ok)m(e)h(the)f(named)f Fq(function)p Ft(.)630 5230 | |
8063 | y Fs(-u)g Fi(function)1110 5340 y Ft(Un)m(bind)f(all)i(k)m(eys)g(b)s | |
8064 | (ound)e(to)i(the)f(named)g Fq(function)p Ft(.)p eop end | |
8065 | %%Page: 45 51 | |
8066 | TeXDict begin 45 50 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8067 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(45)630 299 y Fs(-r)30 | |
8068 | b Fi(keyseq)1110 408 y Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)i(an)m(y)f(curren)m(t)f(binding) | |
8069 | f(for)h Fq(k)m(eyseq)r Ft(.)630 564 y Fs(-x)g Fi(keyseq:shell-command) | |
8070 | 1110 674 y Ft(Cause)35 b Fq(shell-command)k Ft(to)d(b)s(e)f(executed)h | |
8071 | (whenev)m(er)f Fq(k)m(eyseq)j Ft(is)d(en)m(tered.)1110 | |
8072 | 783 y(When)46 b Fq(shell-command)k Ft(is)c(executed,)51 | |
8073 | b(the)46 b(shell)g(sets)g(the)g Fs(READLINE_)1110 893 | |
8074 | y(LINE)37 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(to)g(the)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)e | |
8075 | (the)g(Readline)g(line)g(bu\013er)f(and)g(the)1110 1003 | |
8076 | y Fs(READLINE_POINT)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(to)h(the)e(curren)m(t)h | |
8077 | (lo)s(cation)h(of)f(the)g(insertion)1110 1112 y(p)s(oin)m(t.)59 | |
0001803f | 8078 | b(If)37 b(the)f(executed)i(command)e(c)m(hanges)i(the)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8079 | b(alue)37 b(of)f Fs(READLINE_)1110 1222 y(LINE)29 b Ft(or)h |
0001803f | 8080 | Fs(READLINE_POINT)p Ft(,)c(those)31 b(new)e(v)-5 b(alues)31 |
495aee44 CR |
8081 | b(will)f(b)s(e)f(re\015ected)i(in)f(the)1110 1331 y(editing)h(state.) |
8082 | 630 1487 y(The)26 b(return)f(status)i(is)f(zero)i(unless)d(an)i(in)m(v) | |
8083 | -5 b(alid)27 b(option)g(is)f(supplied)f(or)i(an)f(error)g(o)s(ccurs.) | |
8084 | 150 1643 y Fs(builtin)870 1775 y(builtin)46 b([)p Fi(shell-builtin)54 | |
8085 | b Fs([)p Fi(args)11 b Fs(]])630 1908 y Ft(Run)35 b(a)h(shell)h | |
0001803f | 8086 | (builtin,)g(passing)f(it)g Fq(args)t Ft(,)i(and)e(return)f(its)h(exit)h |
495aee44 | 8087 | (status.)58 b(This)36 b(is)g(useful)630 2018 y(when)29 |
0001803f | 8088 | b(de\014ning)h(a)g(shell)h(function)f(with)g(the)g(same)h(name)f(as)h |
495aee44 | 8089 | (a)g(shell)f(builtin,)g(retaining)630 2127 y(the)k(functionalit)m(y)h |
0001803f | 8090 | (of)f(the)f(builtin)g(within)g(the)h(function.)50 b(The)33 |
495aee44 | 8091 | b(return)g(status)h(is)f(non-)630 2237 y(zero)e(if)g |
0001803f | 8092 | Fq(shell-builtin)f Ft(is)g(not)h(a)g(shell)f(builtin)g(command.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
8093 | 2393 y Fs(caller)870 2525 y(caller)46 b([)p Fi(expr)11 |
8094 | b Fs(])630 2658 y Ft(Returns)34 b(the)g(con)m(text)j(of)e(an)m(y)g | |
0001803f | 8095 | (activ)m(e)i(subroutine)c(call)j(\(a)f(shell)g(function)f(or)h(a)g |
495aee44 CR |
8096 | (script)630 2768 y(executed)c(with)f(the)h Fs(.)f Ft(or)g |
8097 | Fs(source)f Ft(builtins\).)630 2900 y(Without)45 b Fq(expr)7 | |
0001803f | 8098 | b Ft(,)46 b Fs(caller)d Ft(displa)m(ys)h(the)g(line)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
495aee44 | 8099 | (and)g(source)h(\014lename)h(of)f(the)630 3010 y(curren)m(t)35 |
0001803f CR |
8100 | b(subroutine)f(call.)56 b(If)35 b(a)h(non-negativ)m(e)h(in)m(teger)g |
8101 | (is)e(supplied)f(as)h Fq(expr)7 b Ft(,)36 b Fs(caller)630 | |
495aee44 | 8102 | 3119 y Ft(displa)m(ys)41 b(the)f(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)h(subroutine)d |
17345e5a | 8103 | (name,)44 b(and)c(source)g(\014le)h(corresp)s(onding)e(to)630 |
495aee44 | 8104 | 3229 y(that)c(p)s(osition)g(in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(execution)i(call)g |
17345e5a | 8105 | (stac)m(k.)54 b(This)34 b(extra)h(information)g(ma)m(y)630 |
495aee44 | 8106 | 3339 y(b)s(e)30 b(used,)g(for)g(example,)h(to)g(prin)m(t)f(a)h(stac)m |
17345e5a | 8107 | (k)h(trace.)42 b(The)29 b(curren)m(t)i(frame)f(is)g(frame)h(0.)630 |
495aee44 | 8108 | 3471 y(The)e(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)h(0)f(unless)g(the)g(shell)g |
17345e5a | 8109 | (is)h(not)f(executing)h(a)g(subroutine)e(call)i(or)g |
495aee44 | 8110 | Fq(expr)630 3581 y Ft(do)s(es)g(not)h(corresp)s(ond)e(to)i(a)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 8111 | b(alid)30 b(p)s(osition)h(in)f(the)g(call)i(stac)m(k.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
8112 | 3737 y Fs(command)870 3869 y(command)46 b([-pVv])g Fi(command)56 |
8113 | b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)g Fs(...)o(])630 4002 y Ft(Runs)31 | |
0001803f | 8114 | b Fq(command)36 b Ft(with)d Fq(argumen)m(ts)j Ft(ignoring)d(an)m(y)g |
495aee44 | 8115 | (shell)g(function)f(named)g Fq(command)t Ft(.)630 4111 |
17345e5a | 8116 | y(Only)39 b(shell)i(builtin)e(commands)h(or)g(commands)f(found)g(b)m(y) |
495aee44 | 8117 | h(searc)m(hing)h(the)f Fs(PATH)f Ft(are)630 4221 y(executed.)g(If)23 |
17345e5a JA |
8118 | b(there)h(is)f(a)h(shell)f(function)g(named)g Fs(ls)p |
8119 | Ft(,)i(running)c(`)p Fs(command)29 b(ls)p Ft(')23 b(within)g(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 8120 | 4331 y(function)33 b(will)g(execute)i(the)f(external)g(command)f |
17345e5a | 8121 | Fs(ls)f Ft(instead)i(of)f(calling)i(the)e(function)630 |
495aee44 | 8122 | 4440 y(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)84 b(The)44 b(`)p Fs(-p)p |
17345e5a | 8123 | Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)h(use)g(a)f(default)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8124 | b(alue)45 b(for)f Fs(PATH)g Ft(that)h(is)630 4550 y(guaran)m(teed)35 |
17345e5a | 8125 | b(to)f(\014nd)e(all)j(of)f(the)g(standard)f(utilities.)52 |
495aee44 | 8126 | b(The)33 b(return)g(status)h(in)f(this)h(case)630 4659 |
17345e5a JA |
8127 | y(is)29 b(127)g(if)g Fq(command)j Ft(cannot)d(b)s(e)e(found)h(or)g(an)g |
8128 | (error)h(o)s(ccurred,)f(and)g(the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)630 | |
495aee44 | 8129 | 4769 y Fq(command)34 b Ft(otherwise.)630 4902 y(If)25 |
17345e5a JA |
8130 | b(either)g(the)h(`)p Fs(-V)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(-v)p |
8131 | Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(supplied,)h(a)f(description)g(of)h | |
495aee44 | 8132 | Fq(command)i Ft(is)d(prin)m(ted.)630 5011 y(The)i(`)p |
17345e5a | 8133 | Fs(-v)p Ft(')h(option)h(causes)f(a)h(single)f(w)m(ord)g(indicating)h |
495aee44 | 8134 | (the)f(command)g(or)g(\014le)g(name)g(used)630 5121 y(to)36 |
17345e5a JA |
8135 | b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)g Fq(command)j Ft(to)c(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed;)j |
8136 | (the)d(`)p Fs(-V)p Ft(')g(option)g(pro)s(duces)e(a)j(more)f(v)m(erb)s | |
495aee44 | 8137 | (ose)630 5230 y(description.)61 b(In)36 b(this)h(case,)j(the)e(return)e |
17345e5a | 8138 | (status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)f Fq(command)k Ft(is)c(found,)h(and)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8139 | 5340 y(non-zero)31 b(if)f(not.)p eop end |
8140 | %%Page: 46 52 | |
8141 | TeXDict begin 46 51 bop 150 -116 a Ft(46)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8142 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(declare)870 439 | |
8143 | y(declare)46 b([-aAfFilrtux])e([-p])j([)p Fi(name)11 | |
8144 | b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g Fs(])43 b(...)o(])630 579 y Ft(Declare)29 | |
17345e5a JA |
8145 | b(v)-5 b(ariables)28 b(and)e(giv)m(e)j(them)e(attributes.)40 |
8146 | b(If)27 b(no)g Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)27 b(are)h(giv)m(en,)h(then)e(displa)m | |
495aee44 CR |
8147 | (y)630 689 y(the)k(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 |
8148 | b(instead.)630 829 y(The)c(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')h(option)g(will)g(displa)m | |
0001803f CR |
8149 | (y)g(the)g(attributes)g(and)g(v)-5 b(alues)28 b(of)g(eac)m(h)h |
8150 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)40 b(When)27 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 | |
495aee44 CR |
8151 | 939 y(is)j(used)g(with)g Fq(name)36 b Ft(argumen)m(ts,)31 |
8152 | b(additional)g(options)f(are)h(ignored.)630 1079 y(When)36 | |
8153 | b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(is)h(supplied)f(without)h Fq(name)41 | |
8154 | b Ft(argumen)m(ts,)d Fs(declare)c Ft(will)i(displa)m(y)g(the)g(at-)630 | |
8155 | 1189 y(tributes)31 b(and)f(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(of)g(all)h(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 8156 | b(ariables)31 b(ha)m(ving)h(the)f(attributes)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h |
495aee44 CR |
8157 | (the)g(addi-)630 1298 y(tional)h(options.)41 b(If)30 |
8158 | b(no)g(other)h(options)g(are)g(supplied)e(with)h(`)p | |
8159 | Fs(-p)p Ft(',)g Fs(declare)f Ft(will)i(displa)m(y)630 | |
8160 | 1408 y(the)f(attributes)g(and)e(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)g(all)g(shell)g(v) | |
8161 | -5 b(ariables.)41 b(The)29 b(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)h(will)g | |
8162 | (restrict)g(the)630 1518 y(displa)m(y)h(to)g(shell)f(functions.)630 | |
8163 | 1658 y(The)36 b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')h(option)g(inhibits)f(the)h(displa)m | |
8164 | (y)g(of)g(function)g(de\014nitions;)i(only)e(the)g(function)630 | |
8165 | 1767 y(name)30 b(and)f(attributes)i(are)f(prin)m(ted.)40 | |
0001803f | 8166 | b(If)30 b(the)g Fs(extdebug)e Ft(shell)i(option)g(is)g(enabled)g(using) |
495aee44 CR |
8167 | 630 1877 y Fs(shopt)24 b Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)d(Shopt)f |
8168 | (Builtin],)k(page)e(57\),)i(the)d(source)h(\014le)f(name)h(and)630 | |
8169 | 1987 y(line)38 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(where)i(the)g(function)f(is)h | |
17345e5a | 8170 | (de\014ned)e(are)i(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(as)e(w)m(ell.)64 |
495aee44 CR |
8171 | b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')38 b(implies)630 2096 y(`)p Fs(-f)p |
8172 | Ft('.)630 2236 y(The)32 b(`)p Fs(-g)p Ft(')h(option)g(forces)g(v)-5 | |
8173 | b(ariables)33 b(to)h(b)s(e)e(created)h(or)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(at)j(the)f | |
8174 | (global)h(scop)s(e,)630 2346 y(ev)m(en)39 b(when)f Fs(\\)p | |
8175 | Ft(fBdeclare)p Fs(\\)p Ft(fP)h(is)g(executed)h(in)e(a)h(shell)g | |
8176 | (function.)66 b(It)39 b(is)g(ignored)g(in)f(all)630 2456 | |
8177 | y(other)31 b(cases.)630 2596 y(The)c(follo)m(wing)h(options)g(can)f(b)s | |
8178 | (e)g(used)f(to)i(restrict)g(output)e(to)i(v)-5 b(ariables)28 | |
8179 | b(with)f(the)g(sp)s(ec-)630 2705 y(i\014ed)j(attributes)h(or)f(to)h | |
8180 | (giv)m(e)h(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(attributes:)630 2876 | |
8181 | y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)36 b Fq(name)k Ft(is)34 b(an)h(indexed)g(arra) | |
8182 | m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110 | |
8183 | 2986 y(page)31 b(82\).)630 3157 y Fs(-A)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)24 | |
17345e5a JA |
8184 | b Fq(name)k Ft(is)23 b(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)e(v)-5 |
8185 | b(ariable)24 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8186 | 3267 y(page)31 b(82\).)630 3438 y Fs(-f)384 b Ft(Use)31 |
8187 | b(function)f(names)g(only)-8 b(.)630 3608 y Fs(-i)384 | |
17345e5a JA |
8188 | b Ft(The)36 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(treated)h(as)g(an)f |
8189 | (in)m(teger;)41 b(arithmetic)c(ev)-5 b(aluation)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8190 | 3718 y(\(see)29 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(80\))h |
8191 | (is)f(p)s(erformed)e(when)h(the)1110 3828 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 | |
8192 | b(is)g(assigned)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)630 3999 y Fs(-l)384 | |
17345e5a JA |
8193 | b Ft(When)26 b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(assigned)g(a)g(v)-5 |
8194 | b(alue,)28 b(all)f(upp)s(er-case)e(c)m(haracters)j(are)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8195 | 4108 y(con)m(v)m(erted)k(to)f(lo)m(w)m(er-case.)43 b(The)30 |
8196 | b(upp)s(er-case)g(attribute)h(is)g(disabled.)630 4279 | |
17345e5a JA |
8197 | y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(Mak)m(e)25 b Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)23 b(readonly)-8 |
8198 | b(.)39 b(These)24 b(names)f(cannot)h(then)f(b)s(e)g(assigned)h(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
8199 | b(alues)1110 4389 y(b)m(y)30 b(subsequen)m(t)g(assignmen)m(t)h |
8200 | (statemen)m(ts)h(or)f(unset.)630 4560 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(Giv)m(e)33 | |
17345e5a | 8201 | b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)j Ft(the)32 b Fs(trace)f Ft(attribute.)46 |
495aee44 | 8202 | b(T)-8 b(raced)32 b(functions)g(inherit)g(the)1110 4669 |
17345e5a | 8203 | y Fs(DEBUG)26 b Ft(and)h Fs(RETURN)f Ft(traps)h(from)g(the)h(calling)h |
495aee44 CR |
8204 | (shell.)40 b(The)27 b(trace)i(attribute)1110 4779 y(has)h(no)g(sp)s |
8205 | (ecial)h(meaning)g(for)f(v)-5 b(ariables.)630 4950 y | |
17345e5a JA |
8206 | Fs(-u)384 b Ft(When)28 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(is)f(assigned)h(a)f |
8207 | (v)-5 b(alue,)30 b(all)f(lo)m(w)m(er-case)i(c)m(haracters)f(are)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8208 | 5059 y(con)m(v)m(erted)i(to)f(upp)s(er-case.)40 b(The)30 |
8209 | b(lo)m(w)m(er-case)j(attribute)e(is)g(disabled.)630 5230 | |
17345e5a JA |
8210 | y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(Mark)30 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(for)29 |
8211 | b(exp)s(ort)h(to)g(subsequen)m(t)f(commands)h(via)g(the)g(en)m(vi-)1110 | |
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8212 | 5340 y(ronmen)m(t.)p eop end |
8213 | %%Page: 47 53 | |
8214 | TeXDict begin 47 52 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8215 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(47)630 299 y(Using)28 | |
8216 | b(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')h(instead)f(of)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(turns)f(o\013)i | |
8217 | (the)f(attribute)h(instead,)g(with)f(the)g(exceptions)h(that)630 | |
8218 | 408 y(`)p Fs(+a)p Ft(')h(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(destro)m(y) | |
8219 | g(an)f(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(and)f(`)p Fs(+r)p | |
8220 | Ft(')g(will)g(not)g(remo)m(v)m(e)i(the)630 518 y(readonly)e(attribute.) | |
8221 | 41 b(When)30 b(used)f(in)g(a)h(function,)g Fs(declare)e | |
8222 | Ft(mak)m(es)j(eac)m(h)f Fq(name)35 b Ft(lo)s(cal,)630 | |
8223 | 628 y(as)30 b(with)g(the)h Fs(local)e Ft(command,)h(unless)f(the)i(`)p | |
8224 | Fs(-g)p Ft(')f(option)g(is)h(used.)40 b(If)29 b(a)i(v)-5 | |
8225 | b(ariable)31 b(name)630 737 y(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(=)p | |
8226 | Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(,)31 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f(v)-5 | |
8227 | b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)g(to)g Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Ft(.)630 | |
8228 | 867 y(The)35 b(return)f(status)i(is)g(zero)g(unless)f(an)g(in)m(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 8229 | b(alid)36 b(option)g(is)g(encoun)m(tered,)h(an)f(attempt)630 |
495aee44 | 8230 | 977 y(is)c(made)g(to)g(de\014ne)f(a)h(function)g(using)f(`)p |
0001803f | 8231 | Fs(-f)f(foo=bar)p Ft(',)h(an)h(attempt)g(is)g(made)g(to)h(assign)630 |
495aee44 | 8232 | 1087 y(a)42 b(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(to)g(a)f(readonly)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 8233 | b(ariable,)47 b(an)42 b(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)h(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8234 | b(alue)42 b(to)h(an)630 1196 y(arra)m(y)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 |
17345e5a | 8235 | b(without)g(using)e(the)i(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(syn)m(tax)g |
495aee44 | 8236 | (\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)630 1306 y([Arra)m(ys],)47 b(page)c(82\),)48 |
17345e5a JA |
8237 | b(one)43 b(of)g(the)g Fq(names)k Ft(is)c(not)g(a)g(v)-5 |
8238 | b(alid)43 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(name,)i(an)630 | |
495aee44 | 8239 | 1415 y(attempt)28 b(is)f(made)h(to)f(turn)f(o\013)i(readonly)f(status)g |
17345e5a | 8240 | (for)g(a)h(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)29 b(an)e(attempt)630 |
495aee44 | 8241 | 1525 y(is)h(made)h(to)g(turn)e(o\013)i(arra)m(y)f(status)h(for)f(an)g |
17345e5a | 8242 | (arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)30 b(or)e(an)g(attempt)i(is)e(made)g(to)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8243 | 1634 y(displa)m(y)j(a)f(non-existen)m(t)i(function)e(with)g(`)p |
8244 | Fs(-f)p Ft('.)150 1785 y Fs(echo)870 1915 y(echo)47 b([-neE])f([)p | |
8245 | Fi(arg)57 b Fs(...)o(])630 2045 y Ft(Output)31 b(the)i | |
8246 | Fq(arg)8 b Ft(s,)33 b(separated)g(b)m(y)g(spaces,)g(terminated)g(with)f | |
8247 | (a)h(newline.)47 b(The)32 b(return)630 2155 y(status)40 | |
8248 | b(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(0.)69 b(If)39 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(is)f(sp)s | |
8249 | (eci\014ed,)j(the)e(trailing)h(newline)e(is)h(suppressed.)66 | |
8250 | b(If)630 2265 y(the)29 b(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)h(giv)m(en,)g | |
8251 | (in)m(terpretation)g(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)h(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(ed) | |
8252 | g(c)m(har-)630 2374 y(acters)38 b(is)f(enabled.)60 b(The)36 | |
8253 | b(`)p Fs(-E)p Ft(')h(option)g(disables)g(the)g(in)m(terpretation)h(of)f | |
8254 | (these)g(escap)s(e)630 2484 y(c)m(haracters,)h(ev)m(en)d(on)g(systems)g | |
8255 | (where)f(they)h(are)g(in)m(terpreted)h(b)m(y)e(default.)55 | |
8256 | b(The)34 b Fs(xpg_)630 2593 y(echo)d Ft(shell)h(option)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s | |
8257 | (e)e(used)h(to)h(dynamically)g(determine)f(whether)f(or)i(not)f | |
8258 | Fs(echo)630 2703 y Ft(expands)39 b(these)i(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracters)g | |
17345e5a | 8259 | (b)m(y)g(default.)70 b Fs(echo)39 b Ft(do)s(es)h(not)g(in)m(terpret)h |
495aee44 CR |
8260 | (`)p Fs(--)p Ft(')f(to)630 2813 y(mean)30 b(the)h(end)f(of)g(options.) |
8261 | 630 2943 y Fs(echo)f Ft(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(escap)s(e) | |
8262 | f(sequences:)630 3093 y Fs(\\a)384 b Ft(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))630 | |
8263 | 3244 y Fs(\\b)384 b Ft(bac)m(kspace)630 3395 y Fs(\\c)g | |
8264 | Ft(suppress)28 b(further)h(output)630 3545 y Fs(\\e)630 | |
8265 | 3655 y(\\E)384 b Ft(escap)s(e)630 3806 y Fs(\\f)g Ft(form)30 | |
8266 | b(feed)630 3956 y Fs(\\n)384 b Ft(new)30 b(line)630 4107 | |
8267 | y Fs(\\r)384 b Ft(carriage)32 b(return)630 4258 y Fs(\\t)384 | |
8268 | b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32 b(tab)630 4408 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32 | |
8269 | b(tab)630 4559 y Fs(\\\\)384 b Ft(bac)m(kslash)630 4710 | |
8270 | y Fs(\\0)p Fi(nnn)240 b Ft(the)32 b(eigh)m(t-bit)i(c)m(haracter)g | |
8271 | (whose)e(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(is)f(the)g(o)s(ctal)i(v)-5 | |
8272 | b(alue)32 b Fq(nnn)f Ft(\(zero)i(to)1110 4819 y(three)e(o)s(ctal)g | |
8273 | (digits\))630 4970 y Fs(\\x)p Fi(HH)288 b Ft(the)40 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c) | |
8274 | m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)h(the)f(hexadecimal)i(v)-5 | |
8275 | b(alue)40 b Fq(HH)1110 5080 y Ft(\(one)31 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e | |
8276 | (digits\))630 5230 y Fs(\\u)p Fi(HHHH)192 b Ft(the)41 | |
8277 | b(Unico)s(de)g(\(ISO/IEC)f(10646\))j(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5 | |
8278 | b(alue)41 b(is)g(the)g(hex-)1110 5340 y(adecimal)32 b(v)-5 | |
8279 | b(alue)31 b Fq(HHHH)41 b Ft(\(one)31 b(to)g(four)e(hex)h(digits\))p | |
8280 | eop end | |
8281 | %%Page: 48 54 | |
8282 | TeXDict begin 48 53 bop 150 -116 a Ft(48)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8283 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(\\U)p Fi(HHHHHHHH)1110 | |
8284 | 408 y Ft(the)41 b(Unico)s(de)g(\(ISO/IEC)f(10646\))j(c)m(haracter)g | |
8285 | (whose)e(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(is)g(the)g(hex-)1110 518 y(adecimal)32 | |
8286 | b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fq(HHHHHHHH)41 b Ft(\(one)31 b(to)g(eigh)m(t)h(hex)e | |
8287 | (digits\))150 684 y Fs(enable)870 822 y(enable)46 b([-a])h([-dnps])f | |
0001803f | 8288 | ([-f)g Fi(filename)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fi(name)57 b Fs(...)o(])630 |
495aee44 | 8289 | 960 y Ft(Enable)36 b(and)f(disable)h(builtin)g(shell)g(commands.)56 |
17345e5a | 8290 | b(Disabling)37 b(a)g(builtin)e(allo)m(ws)i(a)f(disk)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8291 | 1070 y(command)e(whic)m(h)g(has)g(the)g(same)h(name)f(as)h(a)f(shell)h |
8292 | (builtin)e(to)i(b)s(e)f(executed)h(without)630 1180 y(sp)s(ecifying)27 | |
17345e5a | 8293 | b(a)g(full)g(pathname,)g(ev)m(en)h(though)f(the)g(shell)g(normally)g |
495aee44 | 8294 | (searc)m(hes)h(for)f(builtins)630 1289 y(b)s(efore)32 |
17345e5a JA |
8295 | b(disk)f(commands.)46 b(If)31 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(is)g(used,)g(the)g |
8296 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)32 b(b)s(ecome)h(disabled.)45 b(Otherwise)630 | |
495aee44 | 8297 | 1399 y Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)44 b(are)h(enabled.)82 b(F)-8 |
17345e5a | 8298 | b(or)45 b(example,)k(to)c(use)f(the)g Fs(test)f Ft(binary)h(found)f |
495aee44 | 8299 | (via)h Fs($PATH)630 1508 y Ft(instead)31 b(of)f(the)h(shell)f(builtin)g |
17345e5a | 8300 | (v)m(ersion,)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p Fs(enable)e(-n)h(test)p |
495aee44 | 8301 | Ft('.)630 1646 y(If)42 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)f |
17345e5a | 8302 | (supplied,)j(or)d(no)h Fq(name)k Ft(argumen)m(ts)c(app)s(ear,)i(a)e |
495aee44 | 8303 | (list)g(of)g(shell)630 1756 y(builtins)37 b(is)h(prin)m(ted.)63 |
17345e5a | 8304 | b(With)38 b(no)f(other)h(argumen)m(ts,)j(the)d(list)g(consists)g(of)g |
495aee44 | 8305 | (all)h(enabled)630 1866 y(shell)33 b(builtins.)46 b(The)32 |
17345e5a | 8306 | b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)i(list)f(eac)m(h)h(builtin)e |
495aee44 CR |
8307 | (with)g(an)g(indication)i(of)630 1975 y(whether)c(or)g(not)h(it)g(is)f |
8308 | (enabled.)630 2113 y(The)40 b(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)g(means)g(to)h | |
17345e5a | 8309 | (load)g(the)f(new)f(builtin)h(command)g Fq(name)45 b |
495aee44 | 8310 | Ft(from)40 b(shared)630 2223 y(ob)5 b(ject)26 b Fq(\014lename)5 |
0001803f | 8311 | b Ft(,)28 b(on)d(systems)h(that)g(supp)s(ort)e(dynamic)h(loading.)40 |
495aee44 | 8312 | b(The)25 b(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')h(option)g(will)630 2332 |
17345e5a | 8313 | y(delete)32 b(a)e(builtin)g(loaded)h(with)f(`)p Fs(-f)p |
495aee44 CR |
8314 | Ft('.)630 2470 y(If)h(there)g(are)g(no)g(options,)h(a)f(list)h(of)f |
8315 | (the)g(shell)g(builtins)g(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed.)43 b(The)31 | |
8316 | b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')f(option)630 2580 y(restricts)f Fs(enable)e | |
8317 | Ft(to)i(the)f Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins.)40 | |
17345e5a | 8318 | b(If)27 b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')i(is)f(used)g(with)g(`)p Fs(-f)p |
495aee44 | 8319 | Ft(',)h(the)f(new)630 2690 y(builtin)i(b)s(ecomes)h(a)f(sp)s(ecial)h |
17345e5a | 8320 | (builtin)f(\(see)i(Section)f(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)g(page)g |
495aee44 | 8321 | (62\).)630 2828 y(The)26 b(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(unless)e(a)i |
17345e5a | 8322 | Fq(name)k Ft(is)26 b(not)g(a)h(shell)f(builtin)g(or)g(there)g(is)g(an)g |
495aee44 CR |
8323 | (error)630 2937 y(loading)31 b(a)g(new)f(builtin)g(from)g(a)g(shared)g |
8324 | (ob)5 b(ject.)150 3104 y Fs(help)870 3242 y(help)47 b([-dms])f([)p | |
8325 | Fi(pattern)11 b Fs(])630 3380 y Ft(Displa)m(y)40 b(helpful)e | |
0001803f | 8326 | (information)h(ab)s(out)g(builtin)f(commands.)66 b(If)38 |
495aee44 | 8327 | b Fq(pattern)h Ft(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed,)630 3489 y Fs(help)28 |
0001803f | 8328 | b Ft(giv)m(es)i(detailed)g(help)e(on)h(all)h(commands)e(matc)m(hing)i |
495aee44 CR |
8329 | Fq(pattern)p Ft(,)g(otherwise)f(a)g(list)h(of)630 3599 |
8330 | y(the)h(builtins)e(is)i(prin)m(ted.)630 3737 y(Options,)f(if)h | |
17345e5a | 8331 | (supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8332 | 3903 y Fs(-d)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)32 b(a)e(short)g(description)h(of)f |
8333 | (eac)m(h)i Fq(pattern)630 4070 y Fs(-m)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)32 | |
17345e5a | 8334 | b(the)e(description)g(of)h(eac)m(h)h Fq(pattern)e Ft(in)g(a)h |
495aee44 | 8335 | (manpage-lik)m(e)h(format)630 4236 y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)32 |
17345e5a | 8336 | b(only)e(a)h(short)f(usage)h(synopsis)e(for)i(eac)m(h)g |
495aee44 CR |
8337 | Fq(pattern)630 4402 y Ft(The)f(return)f(status)i(is)f(zero)h(unless)f |
8338 | (no)g(command)h(matc)m(hes)g Fq(pattern)p Ft(.)150 4569 | |
8339 | y Fs(let)870 4707 y(let)47 b Fi(expression)55 b Fs([)p | |
8340 | Fi(expression)11 b Fs(])630 4845 y Ft(The)41 b Fs(let)g | |
17345e5a | 8341 | Ft(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)i(arithmetic)f(to)h(b)s(e)d(p)s(erformed)g(on)i |
495aee44 | 8342 | (shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)74 b(Eac)m(h)630 4954 y Fq(expression)31 |
17345e5a | 8343 | b Ft(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(according)f(to)h(the)f(rules)g(giv)m(en) |
495aee44 CR |
8344 | h(b)s(elo)m(w)f(in)f(Section)i(6.5)g([Shell)630 5064 |
8345 | y(Arithmetic],)51 b(page)46 b(80.)87 b(If)45 b(the)g(last)h | |
17345e5a | 8346 | Fq(expression)g Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)47 b(to)f(0,)k Fs(let)44 |
495aee44 CR |
8347 | b Ft(returns)g(1;)630 5174 y(otherwise)31 b(0)g(is)f(returned.)150 |
8348 | 5340 y Fs(local)p eop end | |
8349 | %%Page: 49 55 | |
8350 | TeXDict begin 49 54 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8351 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(49)870 299 y Fs(local)46 | |
8352 | b([)p Fi(option)11 b Fs(])45 b Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fi(value)g | |
8353 | Fs(])44 b(...)630 432 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)26 b(eac)m(h)h(argumen)m(t,)g(a)e | |
8354 | (lo)s(cal)i(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(named)f Fq(name)31 b | |
8355 | Ft(is)25 b(created,)j(and)d(assigned)g Fq(v)-5 b(alue)5 | |
8356 | b Ft(.)630 542 y(The)37 b Fq(option)h Ft(can)f(b)s(e)g(an)m(y)h(of)f | |
8357 | (the)h(options)g(accepted)g(b)m(y)g Fs(declare)p Ft(.)59 | |
8358 | b Fs(local)36 b Ft(can)i(only)630 652 y(b)s(e)j(used)h(within)f(a)i | |
8359 | (function;)48 b(it)42 b(mak)m(es)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)43 | |
8360 | b Fq(name)48 b Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)43 b(a)f(visible)h(scop)s(e)630 | |
8361 | 761 y(restricted)c(to)g(that)g(function)f(and)f(its)i(c)m(hildren.)64 | |
8362 | b(The)38 b(return)f(status)h(is)h(zero)g(unless)630 871 | |
8363 | y Fs(local)g Ft(is)h(used)g(outside)g(a)h(function,)h(an)e(in)m(v)-5 | |
8364 | b(alid)41 b Fq(name)46 b Ft(is)40 b(supplied,)i(or)e | |
8365 | Fq(name)45 b Ft(is)c(a)630 980 y(readonly)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 | |
8366 | 1138 y Fs(logout)870 1271 y(logout)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 b | |
8367 | Fs(])630 1405 y Ft(Exit)31 b(a)g(login)g(shell,)g(returning)e(a)i | |
8368 | (status)g(of)f Fq(n)g Ft(to)h(the)g(shell's)f(paren)m(t.)150 | |
8369 | 1563 y Fs(mapfile)870 1696 y(mapfile)46 b([-n)h Fi(count)11 | |
8370 | b Fs(])45 b([-O)i Fi(origin)11 b Fs(])46 b([-s)g Fi(count)11 | |
8371 | b Fs(])46 b([-t])h([-u)g Fi(fd)11 b Fs(])46 b([)870 1806 | |
8372 | y(-C)h Fi(callback)11 b Fs(])45 b([-c)i Fi(quantum)11 | |
8373 | b Fs(])45 b([)p Fi(array)11 b Fs(])630 1939 y Ft(Read)37 | |
8374 | b(lines)g(from)f(the)h(standard)f(input)g(in)m(to)h(the)g(indexed)f | |
8375 | (arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b Fq(arra)m(y)8 b Ft(,)39 | |
8376 | b(or)630 2049 y(from)c(\014le)h(descriptor)g Fq(fd)j | |
8377 | Ft(if)d(the)g(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(supplied.)56 | |
0001803f | 8378 | b(The)35 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b Fs(MAPFILE)d Ft(is)630 |
495aee44 | 8379 | 2158 y(the)d(default)f Fq(arra)m(y)8 b Ft(.)41 b(Options,)30 |
0001803f | 8380 | b(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(meanings:)630 |
495aee44 | 8381 | 2316 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Cop)m(y)30 b(at)h(most)g Fq(coun)m(t)i |
0001803f | 8382 | Ft(lines.)41 b(If)30 b Fq(coun)m(t)j Ft(is)d(0,)h(all)h(lines)e(are)h |
495aee44 | 8383 | (copied.)630 2474 y Fs(-O)384 b Ft(Begin)31 b(assigning)g(to)g |
0001803f | 8384 | Fq(arra)m(y)39 b Ft(at)31 b(index)f Fq(origin)p Ft(.)41 |
495aee44 | 8385 | b(The)30 b(default)h(index)f(is)g(0.)630 2631 y Fs(-s)384 |
0001803f | 8386 | b Ft(Discard)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g Fq(coun)m(t)j Ft(lines)e(read.)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8387 | 2789 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g(newline)g(from)f |
8388 | (eac)m(h)h(line)g(read.)630 2946 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(Read)31 | |
0001803f | 8389 | b(lines)f(from)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(fd)j Ft(instead)e(of)f(the)h |
495aee44 | 8390 | (standard)e(input.)630 3104 y Fs(-C)384 b Ft(Ev)-5 b(aluate)43 |
0001803f CR |
8391 | b Fq(callbac)m(k)49 b Ft(eac)m(h)42 b(time)g Fq(quan)m(tum)p |
8392 | Ft(P)f(lines)h(are)f(read.)74 b(The)41 b(`)p Fs(-c)p | |
495aee44 CR |
8393 | Ft(')1110 3213 y(option)31 b(sp)s(eci\014es)f Fq(quan)m(tum)p |
8394 | Ft(.)630 3371 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)30 b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f | |
0001803f | 8395 | (of)i(lines)f(read)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(eac)m(h)g(call)h(to)f |
495aee44 CR |
8396 | Fq(callbac)m(k)6 b Ft(.)630 3528 y(If)36 b(`)p Fs(-C)p |
8397 | Ft(')g(is)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(without)g(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(',)i(the)f | |
8398 | (default)f(quan)m(tum)g(is)h(5000.)61 b(When)36 b Fq(callbac)m(k)630 | |
8399 | 3638 y Ft(is)e(ev)-5 b(aluated,)36 b(it)f(is)f(supplied)f(the)h(index)f | |
8400 | (of)h(the)h(next)f(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(assigned)630 | |
8401 | 3748 y(and)f(the)g(line)h(to)f(b)s(e)g(assigned)g(to)h(that)g(elemen)m | |
8402 | (t)h(as)e(additional)h(argumen)m(ts.)50 b Fq(callbac)m(k)630 | |
8403 | 3857 y Ft(is)30 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(after)f(the)f(line)h(is)g(read)f | |
8404 | (but)g(b)s(efore)f(the)i(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)h(is)e(assigned.)630 | |
8405 | 3991 y(If)25 b(not)g(supplied)f(with)h(an)g(explicit)i(origin,)g | |
8406 | Fs(mapfile)c Ft(will)j(clear)g Fq(arra)m(y)34 b Ft(b)s(efore)24 | |
8407 | b(assigning)630 4100 y(to)31 b(it.)630 4234 y Fs(mapfile)41 | |
8408 | b Ft(returns)g(successfully)i(unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5 | |
8409 | b(alid)43 b(option)g(or)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)630 | |
8410 | 4343 y(supplied,)29 b Fq(arra)m(y)39 b Ft(is)30 b(in)m(v)-5 | |
8411 | b(alid)31 b(or)g(unassignable,)f(or)h Fq(arra)m(y)38 | |
0001803f | 8412 | b Ft(is)31 b(not)f(an)h(indexed)e(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150 |
495aee44 | 8413 | 4501 y Fs(printf)870 4634 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fi(var)11 |
0001803f | 8414 | b Fs(])46 b Fi(format)57 b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 |
495aee44 | 8415 | 4768 y Ft(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fq(argumen)m(ts)k |
17345e5a | 8416 | Ft(to)d(the)f(standard)f(output)h(under)e(the)i(con)m(trol)i(of)e(the) |
495aee44 CR |
8417 | 630 4878 y Fq(format)r Ft(.)57 b(The)35 b(`)p Fs(-v)p |
8418 | Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g(the)g(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(assigned)h(to)h | |
8419 | (the)e(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b Fq(v)-5 b(ar)630 4987 y Ft(rather)30 | |
8420 | b(than)g(b)s(eing)g(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 | |
8421 | 5121 y(The)36 b Fq(format)i Ft(is)f(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(string)e(whic)m | |
8422 | (h)g(con)m(tains)i(three)e(t)m(yp)s(es)g(of)h(ob)5 b(jects:)53 | |
8423 | b(plain)630 5230 y(c)m(haracters,)41 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(simply)e | |
8424 | (copied)i(to)g(standard)f(output,)i(c)m(haracter)g(escap)s(e)e(se-)630 | |
8425 | 5340 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to) | |
8426 | g(the)g(standard)f(output,)i(and)f(format)p eop end | |
8427 | %%Page: 50 56 | |
8428 | TeXDict begin 50 55 bop 150 -116 a Ft(50)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8429 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(sp)s(eci\014cations,)38 | |
8430 | b(eac)m(h)g(of)e(whic)m(h)g(causes)g(prin)m(ting)g(of)g(the)h(next)f | |
8431 | (successiv)m(e)h Fq(argumen)m(t)r Ft(.)630 408 y(In)24 | |
8432 | b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(standard)f Fs(printf\(1\))e Ft(formats,)27 | |
8433 | b Fs(printf)c Ft(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)630 | |
8434 | 518 y(extensions:)630 676 y Fs(\045b)384 b Ft(causes)42 | |
8435 | b Fs(printf)e Ft(to)i(expand)f(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(e)g(sequences)f | |
8436 | (in)h(the)f(cor-)1110 786 y(resp)s(onding)c Fq(argumen)m(t)r | |
8437 | Ft(,)42 b(\(except)e(that)g(`)p Fs(\\c)p Ft(')e(terminates)i(output,)h | |
8438 | (bac)m(k-)1110 896 y(slashes)d(in)f(`)p Fs(\\')p Ft(',)j(`)p | |
8439 | Fs(\\")p Ft(',)f(and)e(`)p Fs(\\?)p Ft(')h(are)g(not)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)j | |
8440 | (and)c(o)s(ctal)i(escap)s(es)1110 1005 y(b)s(eginning)30 | |
8441 | b(with)g(`)p Fs(\\0)p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(con)m(tain)h(up)d(to)i(four)f | |
8442 | (digits\).)630 1163 y Fs(\045q)384 b Ft(causes)35 b Fs(printf)e | |
8443 | Ft(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)e Fq(argumen)m(t)k | |
8444 | Ft(in)e(a)g(format)1110 1273 y(that)c(can)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h | |
8445 | (shell)f(input.)630 1431 y Fs(\045\()p Fi(datefmt)11 | |
8446 | b Fs(\)T)1110 1541 y Ft(causes)32 b Fs(printf)f Ft(to)h(output)g(the)g | |
8447 | (date-time)i(string)e(resulting)g(from)f(using)1110 1650 | |
8448 | y Fq(datefm)m(t)45 b Ft(as)d(a)g(format)g(string)g(for)g | |
8449 | Fs(strftime)p Ft(\(3\).)74 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding)1110 | |
8450 | 1760 y Fq(argumen)m(t)h Ft(is)e(an)g(in)m(teger)i(represen)m(ting)e | |
8451 | (the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)g(since)1110 1870 | |
8452 | y(the)24 b(ep)s(o)s(c)m(h.)38 b(Tw)m(o)24 b(sp)s(ecial)h(argumen)m(t)f | |
8453 | (v)-5 b(alues)24 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used:)36 b(-1)25 | |
8454 | b(represen)m(ts)1110 1979 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i | |
8455 | (represen)m(ts)f(the)g(time)h(the)f(shell)g(w)m(as)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.) | |
8456 | 630 2138 y(Argumen)m(ts)e(to)h(non-string)e(format)i(sp)s(eci\014ers)e | |
8457 | (are)h(treated)h(as)g(C)e(language)j(constan)m(ts,)630 | |
8458 | 2247 y(except)22 b(that)g(a)g(leading)g(plus)e(or)h(min)m(us)f(sign)i | |
8459 | (is)f(allo)m(w)m(ed,)k(and)c(if)g(the)g(leading)h(c)m(haracter)h(is)630 | |
8460 | 2357 y(a)i(single)g(or)f(double)h(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 | |
8461 | b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(of)f(the)h(follo)m | |
8462 | (wing)h(c)m(haracter.)630 2491 y(The)31 b Fq(format)i | |
8463 | Ft(is)e(reused)f(as)i(necessary)f(to)h(consume)f(all)h(of)f(the)g | |
8464 | Fq(argumen)m(ts)t Ft(.)43 b(If)31 b(the)g Fq(for-)630 | |
8465 | 2600 y(mat)d Ft(requires)e(more)g Fq(argumen)m(ts)k Ft(than)25 | |
8466 | b(are)i(supplied,)e(the)h(extra)h(format)f(sp)s(eci\014cations)630 | |
8467 | 2710 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)j(as)g(if)f(a)h(zero)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 | |
8468 | b(or)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(as)g(appropriate,)g(had)f(b)s(een)g | |
8469 | (supplied.)38 b(The)630 2819 y(return)29 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 | |
8470 | b(is)g(zero)g(on)f(success,)h(non-zero)g(on)f(failure.)150 | |
8471 | 2978 y Fs(read)870 3112 y(read)47 b([-ers])f([-a)h Fi(aname)11 | |
0001803f CR |
8472 | b Fs(])45 b([-d)i Fi(delim)11 b Fs(])46 b([-i)h Fi(text)11 |
8473 | b Fs(])46 b([-n)g Fi(nchars)11 b Fs(])46 b([-N)h Fi(nchars)11 | |
8474 | b Fs(])45 b([-p)i Fi(prompt)11 b Fs(])45 b([-t)i Fi(time-)870 | |
495aee44 CR |
8475 | 3221 y(out)11 b Fs(])46 b([-u)h Fi(fd)11 b Fs(])46 b([)p |
8476 | Fi(name)57 b Fs(...])630 3355 y Ft(One)26 b(line)h(is)g(read)f(from)h | |
0001803f | 8477 | (the)f(standard)g(input,)h(or)g(from)f(the)h(\014le)f(descriptor)h |
495aee44 | 8478 | Fq(fd)i Ft(supplied)630 3465 y(as)37 b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)f(the)h(`) |
0001803f | 8479 | p Fs(-u)p Ft(')e(option,)k(and)c(the)i(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)g(is)h |
495aee44 | 8480 | (assigned)h(to)f(the)h(\014rst)630 3574 y Fq(name)5 b |
0001803f CR |
8481 | Ft(,)28 b(the)g(second)g(w)m(ord)f(to)h(the)f(second)h |
8482 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)28 b(and)f(so)h(on,)g(with)f(lefto)m(v)m(er)j(w)m | |
495aee44 | 8483 | (ords)d(and)630 3684 y(their)h(in)m(terv)m(ening)g(separators)g |
0001803f | 8484 | (assigned)g(to)h(the)e(last)i Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)40 b(If)27 |
495aee44 | 8485 | b(there)h(are)g(few)m(er)f(w)m(ords)630 3794 y(read)44 |
0001803f | 8486 | b(from)f(the)g(input)g(stream)h(than)g(names,)j(the)c(remaining)h |
495aee44 | 8487 | (names)g(are)g(assigned)630 3903 y(empt)m(y)31 b(v)-5 |
0001803f | 8488 | b(alues.)41 b(The)30 b(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the)h(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 8489 | b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f Fs(IFS)g Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
495aee44 CR |
8490 | b(are)g(used)f(to)h(split)630 4013 y(the)37 b(line)h(in)m(to)g(w)m |
8491 | (ords.)61 b(The)36 b(bac)m(kslash)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p | |
8492 | Fs(\\)p Ft(')e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(remo)m(v)m(e)h(an)m(y)630 | |
8493 | 4122 y(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(for)f(the)g(next)h(c)m(haracter)h(read)e | |
0001803f | 8494 | (and)g(for)g(line)h(con)m(tin)m(uation.)69 b(If)39 b(no)630 |
495aee44 | 8495 | 4232 y(names)28 b(are)h(supplied,)f(the)g(line)h(read)g(is)f(assigned)h |
0001803f | 8496 | (to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Fs(REPLY)p Ft(.)39 b(The)28 |
495aee44 CR |
8497 | b(return)630 4341 y(co)s(de)e(is)g(zero,)h(unless)e(end-of-\014le)h(is) |
8498 | g(encoun)m(tered,)h Fs(read)e Ft(times)h(out)g(\(in)g(whic)m(h)f(case)i | |
8499 | (the)630 4451 y(return)i(co)s(de)i(is)g(greater)g(than)g(128\),)h(or)f | |
0001803f | 8500 | (an)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(\014le)g(descriptor)f(is)h(supplied)e(as)i |
495aee44 CR |
8501 | (the)630 4561 y(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft('.)630 |
8502 | 4695 y(Options,)f(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)h | |
8503 | (meanings:)630 4853 y Fs(-a)e Fi(aname)114 b Ft(The)34 | |
0001803f | 8504 | b(w)m(ords)f(are)i(assigned)f(to)h(sequen)m(tial)h(indices)e(of)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 8505 | (arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110 4963 y Fq(aname)5 b Ft(,)29 |
0001803f | 8506 | b(starting)g(at)f(0.)40 b(All)29 b(elemen)m(ts)g(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h |
495aee44 | 8507 | (from)e Fq(aname)33 b Ft(b)s(efore)1110 5072 y(the)e(assignmen)m(t.)41 |
0001803f | 8508 | b(Other)30 b Fq(name)36 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30 b(are)h(ignored.)630 |
495aee44 | 8509 | 5230 y Fs(-d)f Fi(delim)114 b Ft(The)41 b(\014rst)h(c)m(haracter)h(of)f |
0001803f | 8510 | Fq(delim)g Ft(is)g(used)g(to)g(terminate)h(the)f(input)f(line,)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8511 | 5340 y(rather)30 b(than)g(newline.)p eop end |
8512 | %%Page: 51 57 | |
8513 | TeXDict begin 51 56 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8514 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(51)630 299 y Fs(-e)384 | |
0001803f | 8515 | b Ft(Readline)28 b(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)g(Editing],)i |
495aee44 | 8516 | (page)f(95\))h(is)f(used)1110 408 y(to)42 b(obtain)f(the)g(line.)73 |
0001803f | 8517 | b(Readline)41 b(uses)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(default,)j(if)d(line) |
495aee44 CR |
8518 | 1110 518 y(editing)31 b(w)m(as)g(not)f(previously)g(activ)m(e\))j |
8519 | (editing)f(settings.)630 687 y Fs(-i)e Fi(text)162 b | |
0001803f | 8520 | Ft(If)36 b(Readline)i(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used)f(to)h(read)g(the)g(line,)j |
495aee44 CR |
8521 | Fq(text)f Ft(is)e(placed)h(in)m(to)g(the)1110 797 y(editing)31 |
8522 | b(bu\013er)e(b)s(efore)h(editing)h(b)s(egins.)630 966 | |
8523 | y Fs(-n)f Fi(nchars)1110 1076 y Fs(read)38 b Ft(returns)f(after)j | |
17345e5a | 8524 | (reading)f Fq(nc)m(hars)j Ft(c)m(haracters)e(rather)f(than)g(w)m |
495aee44 CR |
8525 | (aiting)1110 1186 y(for)g(a)h(complete)h(line)f(of)f(input,)i(but)e |
8526 | (honor)g(a)h(delimiter)g(if)f(few)m(er)h(than)1110 1295 | |
0001803f | 8527 | y Fq(nc)m(hars)34 b Ft(c)m(haracters)e(are)e(read)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g |
495aee44 | 8528 | (delimiter.)630 1465 y Fs(-N)g Fi(nchars)1110 1574 y |
0001803f CR |
8529 | Fs(read)39 b Ft(returns)f(after)j(reading)e(exactly)j |
8530 | Fq(nc)m(hars)h Ft(c)m(haracters)f(rather)d(than)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8531 | 1684 y(w)m(aiting)32 b(for)f(a)g(complete)i(line)e(of)g(input,)g |
8532 | (unless)f(EOF)h(is)g(encoun)m(tered)g(or)1110 1793 y | |
0001803f | 8533 | Fs(read)f Ft(times)i(out.)43 b(Delimiter)33 b(c)m(haracters)f(encoun)m |
495aee44 | 8534 | (tered)g(in)f(the)g(input)g(are)1110 1903 y(not)g(treated)h(sp)s |
0001803f | 8535 | (ecially)g(and)f(do)f(not)i(cause)f Fs(read)f Ft(to)i(return)e(un)m |
495aee44 CR |
8536 | (til)h Fq(nc)m(hars)1110 2012 y Ft(c)m(haracters)h(are)f(read.)630 |
8537 | 2182 y Fs(-p)f Fi(prompt)1110 2291 y Ft(Displa)m(y)38 | |
0001803f | 8538 | b Fq(prompt)r Ft(,)f(without)g(a)f(trailing)i(newline,)g(b)s(efore)e |
495aee44 | 8539 | (attempting)i(to)1110 2401 y(read)f(an)m(y)h(input.)60 |
17345e5a | 8540 | b(The)37 b(prompt)g(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(only)f(if)g(input)g(is)g |
495aee44 | 8541 | (coming)1110 2511 y(from)30 b(a)h(terminal.)630 2680 |
17345e5a JA |
8542 | y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(If)21 b(this)h(option)g(is)f(giv)m(en,)k(bac)m(kslash) |
8543 | d(do)s(es)f(not)h(act)h(as)f(an)f(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter.)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8544 | 2790 y(The)30 b(bac)m(kslash)i(is)f(considered)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(part)h |
8545 | (of)g(the)g(line.)43 b(In)30 b(particular,)i(a)1110 2899 | |
17345e5a | 8546 | y(bac)m(kslash-newline)f(pair)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(as)i(a)g |
495aee44 | 8547 | (line)f(con)m(tin)m(uation.)630 3068 y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(Silen)m(t)28 |
17345e5a | 8548 | b(mo)s(de.)40 b(If)27 b(input)f(is)i(coming)g(from)f(a)h(terminal,)h(c) |
495aee44 CR |
8549 | m(haracters)g(are)f(not)1110 3178 y(ec)m(ho)s(ed.)630 |
8550 | 3347 y Fs(-t)i Fi(timeout)1110 3457 y Ft(Cause)23 b Fs(read)f | |
17345e5a | 8551 | Ft(to)i(time)f(out)h(and)e(return)g(failure)h(if)g(a)h(complete)g(line) |
495aee44 | 8552 | g(of)f(input)1110 3567 y(is)44 b(not)f(read)h(within)e |
17345e5a | 8553 | Fq(timeout)47 b Ft(seconds.)80 b Fq(timeout)46 b Ft(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)f(a) |
495aee44 | 8554 | h(decimal)1110 3676 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26 b(with)h(a)h(fractional)h(p)s |
17345e5a | 8555 | (ortion)d(follo)m(wing)j(the)f(decimal)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)40 |
495aee44 | 8556 | b(This)1110 3786 y(option)g(is)g(only)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(if)c |
17345e5a | 8557 | Fs(read)g Ft(is)h(reading)g(input)f(from)g(a)h(terminal,)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8558 | 3895 y(pip)s(e,)25 b(or)e(other)i(sp)s(ecial)f(\014le;)i(it)f(has)e(no) |
8559 | h(e\013ect)h(when)e(reading)h(from)g(regular)1110 4005 | |
8560 | y(\014les.)55 b(If)34 b Fq(timeout)k Ft(is)d(0,)i Fs(read)d | |
8561 | Ft(returns)g(success)h(if)g(input)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)37 | |
8562 | b(on)1110 4115 y(the)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(\014le)g(descriptor,)j(failure) | |
8563 | e(otherwise.)69 b(The)39 b(exit)h(status)g(is)1110 4224 | |
8564 | y(greater)32 b(than)e(128)h(if)g(the)f(timeout)i(is)e(exceeded.)630 | |
8565 | 4394 y Fs(-u)g Fi(fd)258 b Ft(Read)31 b(input)e(from)h(\014le)g | |
8566 | (descriptor)h Fq(fd)t Ft(.)150 4563 y Fs(readarray)870 | |
8567 | 4672 y(readarray)45 b([-n)i Fi(count)11 b Fs(])46 b([-O)h | |
8568 | Fi(origin)11 b Fs(])45 b([-s)i Fi(count)11 b Fs(])46 | |
8569 | b([-t])g([-u)h Fi(fd)11 b Fs(])47 b([)870 4782 y(-C)g | |
8570 | Fi(callback)11 b Fs(])45 b([-c)i Fi(quantum)11 b Fs(])45 | |
8571 | b([)p Fi(array)11 b Fs(])630 4922 y Ft(Read)37 b(lines)g(from)f(the)h | |
8572 | (standard)f(input)g(in)m(to)h(the)g(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 | |
8573 | b(ariable)37 b Fq(arra)m(y)8 b Ft(,)39 b(or)630 5031 | |
8574 | y(from)30 b(\014le)g(descriptor)h Fq(fd)i Ft(if)d(the)h(`)p | |
8575 | Fs(-u)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)f(supplied.)630 5171 y(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for) | |
8576 | g Fs(mapfile)p Ft(.)150 5340 y Fs(source)p eop end | |
8577 | %%Page: 52 58 | |
8578 | TeXDict begin 52 57 bop 150 -116 a Ft(52)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8579 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)870 299 y Fs(source)46 b Fi(filename)630 | |
8580 | 434 y Ft(A)30 b(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(.)g Ft(\(see)i(Section)f(4.1)g | |
8581 | ([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(37\).)150 595 | |
8582 | y Fs(type)870 731 y(type)47 b([-afptP])e([)p Fi(name)57 | |
8583 | b Fs(...)o(])630 866 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)41 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)5 | |
0001803f | 8584 | b Ft(,)44 b(indicate)e(ho)m(w)f(it)g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted) |
495aee44 | 8585 | h(if)g(used)f(as)h(a)g(command)630 976 y(name.)630 1111 |
0001803f | 8586 | y(If)d(the)g(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(used,)i |
17345e5a | 8587 | Fs(type)d Ft(prin)m(ts)g(a)i(single)f(w)m(ord)g(whic)m(h)g(is)g(one)g |
495aee44 | 8588 | (of)h(`)p Fs(alias)p Ft(',)630 1221 y(`)p Fs(function)p |
17345e5a JA |
8589 | Ft(',)32 b(`)p Fs(builtin)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(file)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p |
8590 | Fs(keyword)p Ft(',)f(if)h Fq(name)38 b Ft(is)33 b(an)f(alias,)j(shell)e | |
495aee44 | 8591 | (function,)630 1330 y(shell)i(builtin,)g(disk)g(\014le,)h(or)e(shell)h |
17345e5a | 8592 | (reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)55 |
495aee44 | 8593 | b(If)34 b(the)h Fq(name)40 b Ft(is)35 b(not)630 1440 |
17345e5a | 8594 | y(found,)29 b(then)h(nothing)h(is)f(prin)m(ted,)g(and)g |
495aee44 | 8595 | Fs(type)f Ft(returns)g(a)i(failure)g(status.)630 1575 |
17345e5a JA |
8596 | y(If)39 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(used,)i |
8597 | Fs(type)d Ft(either)h(returns)f(the)i(name)f(of)g(the)g(disk)g(\014le)g | |
495aee44 | 8598 | (that)630 1685 y(w)m(ould)30 b(b)s(e)g(executed,)h(or)g(nothing)f(if)g |
17345e5a | 8599 | (`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')h(w)m(ould)f(not)g(return)g(`)p Fs(file)p |
495aee44 | 8600 | Ft('.)630 1820 y(The)23 b(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')g(option)h(forces)g(a)g |
0001803f CR |
8601 | (path)f(searc)m(h)h(for)f(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)26 |
8602 | b(ev)m(en)e(if)f(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(w)m(ould)g(not)h(return)630 | |
495aee44 | 8603 | 1930 y(`)p Fs(file)p Ft('.)630 2065 y(If)34 b(a)i(command)e(is)h |
0001803f | 8604 | (hashed,)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')h(prin)m(t)f(the)h |
495aee44 | 8605 | (hashed)f(v)-5 b(alue,)37 b(not)e(necessarily)630 2175 |
0001803f | 8606 | y(the)c(\014le)f(that)h(app)s(ears)f(\014rst)f(in)h Fs($PATH)p |
495aee44 | 8607 | Ft(.)630 2310 y(If)36 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(used,)g |
0001803f | 8608 | Fs(type)f Ft(returns)f(all)j(of)f(the)g(places)g(that)g(con)m(tain)h |
495aee44 | 8609 | (an)f(exe-)630 2420 y(cutable)d(named)f Fq(\014le)5 b |
0001803f | 8610 | Ft(.)49 b(This)32 b(includes)h(aliases)i(and)d(functions,)i(if)f(and)f |
495aee44 CR |
8611 | (only)i(if)f(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 2529 y(option)e(is)f(not)h |
8612 | (also)g(used.)630 2665 y(If)26 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g | |
0001803f | 8613 | (used,)g Fs(type)e Ft(do)s(es)i(not)g(attempt)g(to)h(\014nd)d(shell)i |
495aee44 CR |
8614 | (functions,)g(as)g(with)630 2774 y(the)k Fs(command)d |
8615 | Ft(builtin.)630 2910 y(The)j(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)f(all)h | |
17345e5a | 8616 | (of)f(the)h Fq(names)i Ft(are)e(found,)e(non-zero)i(if)f(an)m(y)g(are)h |
495aee44 | 8617 | (not)630 3019 y(found.)150 3180 y Fs(typeset)870 3316 |
0001803f | 8618 | y(typeset)46 b([-afFrxi])f([-p])i([)p Fi(name)11 b Fs([=)p |
495aee44 | 8619 | Fi(value)g Fs(])43 b(...)o(])630 3451 y Ft(The)29 b Fs(typeset)f |
17345e5a | 8620 | Ft(command)h(is)g(supplied)g(for)g(compatibilit)m(y)j(with)d(the)h |
495aee44 | 8621 | (Korn)e(shell;)j(ho)m(w-)630 3561 y(ev)m(er,)g(it)g(has)f(b)s(een)g |
17345e5a | 8622 | (deprecated)h(in)f(fa)m(v)m(or)i(of)e(the)h Fs(declare)d |
495aee44 CR |
8623 | Ft(builtin)i(command.)150 3722 y Fs(ulimit)870 3857 y(ulimit)46 |
8624 | b([-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST])41 b([)p Fi(limit)11 b Fs(])630 | |
8625 | 3993 y(ulimit)25 b Ft(pro)m(vides)h(con)m(trol)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(the)f | |
8626 | (resources)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(to)e(pro)s(cesses)f(started)h(b)m | |
8627 | (y)g(the)630 4102 y(shell,)i(on)f(systems)g(that)h(allo)m(w)h(suc)m(h)e | |
8628 | (con)m(trol.)41 b(If)28 b(an)g(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)i(it)e(is)h(in)m | |
8629 | (terpreted)630 4212 y(as)i(follo)m(ws:)630 4373 y Fs(-S)384 | |
8630 | b Ft(Change)30 b(and)g(rep)s(ort)g(the)g(soft)h(limit)g(asso)s(ciated)h | |
8631 | (with)e(a)h(resource.)630 4534 y Fs(-H)384 b Ft(Change)30 | |
8632 | b(and)g(rep)s(ort)g(the)g(hard)g(limit)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(a)h | |
8633 | (resource.)630 4695 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(All)31 b(curren)m(t)f(limits)h | |
8634 | (are)g(rep)s(orted.)630 4856 y Fs(-b)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
8635 | b(maxim)m(um)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et)i(bu\013er)e(size.)630 | |
8636 | 5018 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(core)g(\014les) | |
8637 | f(created.)630 5179 y Fs(-d)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g | |
8638 | (a)g(pro)s(cess's)f(data)h(segmen)m(t.)630 5340 y Fs(-e)384 | |
8639 | b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(sc)m(heduling)h(priorit)m(y)f(\()p | |
8640 | Fs(")p Ft(nice)p Fs(")p Ft(\).)p eop end | |
8641 | %%Page: 53 59 | |
8642 | TeXDict begin 53 58 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8643 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(53)630 299 y Fs(-f)384 | |
8644 | b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(\014les)f(written)h(b)m(y)f(the) | |
8645 | g(shell)h(and)f(its)h(c)m(hildren.)630 484 y Fs(-i)384 | |
8646 | b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(p)s(ending)e | |
8647 | (signals.)630 668 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(that)g | |
8648 | (ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(lo)s(c)m(k)m(ed)i(in)m(to)f(memory)-8 | |
8649 | b(.)630 853 y Fs(-m)384 b Ft(The)36 b(maxim)m(um)g(residen)m(t)h(set)g | |
0001803f | 8650 | (size)g(\(man)m(y)g(systems)f(do)h(not)f(honor)g(this)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8651 | 963 y(limit\).)630 1148 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(The)38 b(maxim)m(um)h(n)m(um)m |
8652 | (b)s(er)e(of)i(op)s(en)f(\014le)h(descriptors)g(\(most)g(systems)g(do) | |
8653 | 1110 1257 y(not)31 b(allo)m(w)g(this)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 | |
8654 | b(to)g(b)s(e)e(set\).)630 1442 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
8655 | b(pip)s(e)f(bu\013er)h(size.)630 1627 y Fs(-q)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
17345e5a | 8656 | b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(b)m(ytes)g(in)f(POSIX)f(message)j |
495aee44 CR |
8657 | (queues.)630 1812 y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(real-time)i |
8658 | (sc)m(heduling)f(priorit)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1996 y Fs(-s)384 | |
8659 | b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(stac)m(k)i(size.)630 2181 | |
17345e5a | 8660 | y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(amoun)m(t)h(of)f(cpu)g(time)h |
495aee44 | 8661 | (in)f(seconds.)630 2366 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m |
17345e5a | 8662 | (b)s(er)f(of)i(pro)s(cesses)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(to)e(a)f(single)i |
495aee44 CR |
8663 | (user.)630 2551 y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(The)41 b(maxim)m(um)h(amoun)m(t)g(of)h |
8664 | (virtual)f(memory)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)44 b(to)e(the)g(shell,)1110 | |
8665 | 2660 y(and,)30 b(on)g(some)h(systems,)g(to)g(its)g(c)m(hildren.)630 | |
8666 | 2845 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i | |
8667 | (\014le)f(lo)s(c)m(ks.)630 3030 y Fs(-T)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
8668 | b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(threads.)630 3215 | |
17345e5a JA |
8669 | y(If)i Fq(limit)j Ft(is)e(giv)m(en,)h(it)f(is)g(the)g(new)f(v)-5 |
8670 | b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(resource;)i(the)f(sp)s(ecial)g | |
495aee44 | 8671 | Fq(limit)630 3324 y Ft(v)-5 b(alues)27 b Fs(hard)p Ft(,)g |
17345e5a | 8672 | Fs(soft)p Ft(,)g(and)g Fs(unlimited)d Ft(stand)j(for)g(the)g(curren)m |
495aee44 | 8673 | (t)g(hard)f(limit,)j(the)e(curren)m(t)630 3434 y(soft)38 |
17345e5a JA |
8674 | b(limit,)j(and)d(no)f(limit,)k(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 |
8675 | b(.)66 b(A)38 b(hard)f(limit)h(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(increased)i(b)m(y)f(a) | |
495aee44 | 8676 | 630 3544 y(non-ro)s(ot)f(user)f(once)i(it)g(is)f(set;)k(a)c(soft)g |
17345e5a | 8677 | (limit)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(increased)h(up)f(to)i(the)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8678 | b(alue)38 b(of)630 3653 y(the)c(hard)f(limit.)51 b(Otherwise,)35 |
17345e5a | 8679 | b(the)f(curren)m(t)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(the)f(soft)i(limit)f(for)g |
495aee44 | 8680 | (the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)630 3763 y(resource)27 b(is)h(prin)m(ted,)f |
17345e5a | 8681 | (unless)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-H)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied.)38 |
495aee44 | 8682 | b(When)27 b(setting)h(new)f(limits,)630 3872 y(if)40 |
17345e5a JA |
8683 | b(neither)f(`)p Fs(-H)p Ft(')h(nor)f(`)p Fs(-S)p Ft(')h(is)f(supplied,) |
8684 | i(b)s(oth)e(the)h(hard)f(and)g(soft)h(limits)g(are)g(set.)69 | |
495aee44 | 8685 | b(If)630 3982 y(no)35 b(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)j(then)d(`)p |
17345e5a | 8686 | Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(is)g(assumed.)55 b(V)-8 b(alues)36 b(are)f(in)g(1024-b)m |
495aee44 | 8687 | (yte)j(incremen)m(ts,)630 4092 y(except)d(for)f(`)p Fs(-t)p |
17345e5a JA |
8688 | Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)g(is)g(in)g(seconds,)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)e |
8689 | (is)h(in)g(units)f(of)h(512-b)m(yte)i(blo)s(c)m(ks,)630 | |
495aee44 | 8690 | 4201 y(and)30 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')g(and)g(`)p Fs(-u)p |
17345e5a | 8691 | Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)g(are)h(unscaled)f(v)-5 b(alues.)630 |
495aee44 | 8692 | 4348 y(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i(unless)e(an)g(in)m(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 8693 | b(alid)36 b(option)f(or)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e(supplied,)h(or)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8694 | 4458 y(an)30 b(error)g(o)s(ccurs)g(while)h(setting)g(a)g(new)f(limit.) |
8695 | 150 4643 y Fs(unalias)870 4790 y(unalias)46 b([-a])g([)p | |
8696 | Fi(name)57 b Fs(...)47 b(])630 4937 y Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)39 | |
8697 | b(eac)m(h)f Fq(name)k Ft(from)36 b(the)h(list)h(of)f(aliases.)61 | |
8698 | b(If)36 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(is)g(supplied,)h(all)f(aliases)i(are)630 | |
8699 | 5047 y(remo)m(v)m(ed.)j(Aliases)31 b(are)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section) | |
8700 | i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)f(81.)150 5317 y Fr(4.3)68 | |
8701 | b(Mo)t(difying)45 b(Shell)g(Beha)l(vior)p eop end | |
8702 | %%Page: 54 60 | |
8703 | TeXDict begin 54 59 bop 150 -116 a Ft(54)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8704 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(4.3.1)63 b(The)41 | |
8705 | b(Set)g(Builtin)150 446 y Ft(This)35 b(builtin)h(is)g(so)g(complicated) | |
8706 | i(that)f(it)f(deserv)m(es)h(its)f(o)m(wn)g(section.)59 | |
0001803f | 8707 | b Fs(set)35 b Ft(allo)m(ws)j(y)m(ou)e(to)h(c)m(hange)150 |
495aee44 | 8708 | 555 y(the)c(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(of)f(shell)g(options)h(and)e(set)i(the)f |
17345e5a | 8709 | (p)s(ositional)h(parameters,)h(or)e(to)h(displa)m(y)f(the)g(names)h |
495aee44 CR |
8710 | (and)150 665 y(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(of)f(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariables.)150 |
8711 | 834 y Fs(set)870 972 y(set)47 b([--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT])41 | |
8712 | b([-o)47 b Fi(option-name)11 b Fs(])44 b([)p Fi(argument)56 | |
8713 | b Fs(...)o(])870 1082 y(set)47 b([+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT])42 | |
8714 | b([+o)47 b Fi(option-name)11 b Fs(])43 b([)p Fi(argument)56 | |
8715 | b Fs(...)o(])630 1219 y Ft(If)22 b(no)h(options)g(or)g(argumen)m(ts)g | |
17345e5a | 8716 | (are)g(supplied,)g Fs(set)f Ft(displa)m(ys)g(the)h(names)g(and)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8717 | b(alues)23 b(of)g(all)630 1329 y(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariables)27 |
17345e5a | 8718 | b(and)e(functions,)h(sorted)g(according)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)f(lo)s |
495aee44 | 8719 | (cale,)k(in)c(a)i(format)630 1439 y(that)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(reused)g |
17345e5a | 8720 | (as)h(input)f(for)h(setting)h(or)e(resetting)i(the)f(curren)m(tly-set)h |
495aee44 | 8721 | (v)-5 b(ariables.)630 1548 y(Read-only)37 b(v)-5 b(ariables)37 |
17345e5a | 8722 | b(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(reset.)59 b(In)36 b Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(only)f |
495aee44 CR |
8723 | (shell)f(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(are)630 1658 y(listed.)630 |
8724 | 1796 y(When)29 b(options)g(are)g(supplied,)f(they)h(set)h(or)f(unset)f | |
17345e5a | 8725 | (shell)h(attributes.)41 b(Options,)29 b(if)g(sp)s(ec-)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8726 | 1905 y(i\014ed,)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(meanings:)630 |
8727 | 2071 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Mark)32 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(and)e(function)h | |
17345e5a | 8728 | (whic)m(h)g(are)g(mo)s(di\014ed)f(or)h(created)h(for)f(ex-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8729 | 2181 y(p)s(ort)e(to)h(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(of)g(subsequen)m(t)f |
8730 | (commands.)630 2347 y Fs(-b)384 b Ft(Cause)44 b(the)h(status)g(of)f | |
17345e5a | 8731 | (terminated)h(bac)m(kground)g(jobs)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(rep)s(orted)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8732 | 2456 y(immediately)-8 b(,)30 b(rather)d(than)f(b)s(efore)h(prin)m(ting) |
8733 | g(the)g(next)g(primary)g(prompt.)630 2622 y Fs(-e)384 | |
0001803f | 8734 | b Ft(Exit)65 b(immediately)g(if)f(a)h(pip)s(eline)e(\(see)i(Section)g |
495aee44 | 8735 | (3.2.2)h([Pip)s(elines],)1110 2732 y(page)56 b(8\),)62 |
0001803f | 8736 | b(whic)m(h)55 b(ma)m(y)h(consist)f(of)h(a)f(single)h(simple)f(command)g |
495aee44 CR |
8737 | (\(see)1110 2841 y(Section)43 b(3.2.1)i([Simple)d(Commands],)j(page)e |
8738 | (8\),)k(a)c(subshell)e(command)1110 2951 y(enclosed)32 | |
0001803f | 8739 | b(in)f(paren)m(theses)h(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.4.3)i([Command)d |
495aee44 CR |
8740 | (Grouping],)1110 3060 y(page)h(13\),)h(or)e(one)g(of)h(the)f(commands)g |
8741 | (executed)h(as)f(part)g(of)h(a)f(command)1110 3170 y(list)37 | |
0001803f | 8742 | b(enclosed)g(b)m(y)f(braces)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.4.3)h([Command)e |
495aee44 | 8743 | (Grouping],)1110 3280 y(page)48 b(13\))g(returns)d(a)j(non-zero)f |
0001803f | 8744 | (status.)91 b(The)46 b(shell)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(exit)h(if)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8745 | 3389 y(the)39 b(command)f(that)h(fails)g(is)f(part)g(of)h(the)f |
8746 | (command)h(list)g(immediately)1110 3499 y(follo)m(wing)47 | |
0001803f | 8747 | b(a)f Fs(while)e Ft(or)h Fs(until)f Ft(k)m(eyw)m(ord,)50 |
495aee44 | 8748 | b(part)45 b(of)h(the)g(test)g(in)f(an)h Fs(if)1110 3608 |
0001803f | 8749 | y Ft(statemen)m(t,)31 b(part)d(of)h(an)m(y)g(command)f(executed)h(in)g |
495aee44 | 8750 | (a)g Fs(&&)e Ft(or)i Fs(||)f Ft(list)h(except)1110 3718 |
0001803f CR |
8751 | y(the)48 b(command)h(follo)m(wing)g(the)g(\014nal)f Fs(&&)f |
8752 | Ft(or)i Fs(||)p Ft(,)j(an)m(y)d(command)f(in)g(a)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
8753 | 3828 y(pip)s(eline)39 b(but)f(the)i(last,)i(or)d(if)g(the)h(command's)f |
8754 | (return)f(status)h(is)g(b)s(eing)1110 3937 y(in)m(v)m(erted)33 | |
0001803f CR |
8755 | b(with)e Fs(!)p Ft(.)45 b(A)32 b(trap)g(on)f Fs(ERR)p |
8756 | Ft(,)h(if)g(set,)h(is)f(executed)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g(shell)1110 | |
495aee44 | 8757 | 4047 y(exits.)1110 4185 y(This)e(option)h(applies)f(to)h(the)g(shell)g |
0001803f | 8758 | (en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(and)f(eac)m(h)h(subshell)f(en-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8759 | 4294 y(vironmen)m(t)j(separately)i(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d |
8760 | (Execution)i(En-)1110 4404 y(vironmen)m(t],)i(page)f(32\),)i(and)d(ma)m | |
0001803f | 8761 | (y)h(cause)f(subshells)g(to)h(exit)g(b)s(efore)f(exe-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8762 | 4513 y(cuting)d(all)g(the)g(commands)f(in)g(the)g(subshell.)630 |
8763 | 4679 y Fs(-f)384 b Ft(Disable)31 b(\014lename)g(expansion)f | |
8764 | (\(globbing\).)630 4845 y Fs(-h)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cate)33 | |
8765 | b(and)e(remem)m(b)s(er)h(\(hash\))g(commands)f(as)h(they)g(are)g(lo)s | |
8766 | (ok)m(ed)h(up)e(for)1110 4955 y(execution.)42 b(This)29 | |
8767 | b(option)i(is)g(enabled)f(b)m(y)g(default.)630 5121 y | |
8768 | Fs(-k)384 b Ft(All)34 b(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h(form)f(of)g | |
0001803f | 8769 | (assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts)i(are)d(placed)h(in)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8770 | 5230 y(the)k(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)h(not)f(just)f |
8771 | (those)i(that)f(precede)g(the)1110 5340 y(command)30 | |
8772 | b(name.)p eop end | |
8773 | %%Page: 55 61 | |
8774 | TeXDict begin 55 60 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8775 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(55)630 299 y Fs(-m)384 | |
8776 | b Ft(Job)30 b(con)m(trol)i(is)e(enabled)h(\(see)g(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)h | |
8777 | (Con)m(trol],)g(page)g(91\).)630 463 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Read)21 | |
8778 | b(commands)f(but)g(do)h(not)g(execute)h(them;)i(this)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f | |
8779 | (used)g(to)h(c)m(hec)m(k)1110 573 y(a)42 b(script)g(for)g(syn)m(tax)g | |
8780 | (errors.)75 b(This)41 b(option)h(is)g(ignored)g(b)m(y)g(in)m(teractiv)m | |
8781 | (e)1110 682 y(shells.)630 847 y Fs(-o)30 b Fi(option-name)1110 | |
8782 | 956 y Ft(Set)h(the)f(option)h(corresp)s(onding)e(to)i | |
8783 | Fq(option-name)5 b Ft(:)1110 1121 y Fs(allexport)1590 | |
8784 | 1230 y Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-a)p Ft(.)1110 1395 y Fs(braceexpand)1590 | |
8785 | 1504 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-B)p Ft(.)1110 1669 y Fs(emacs)240 | |
17345e5a | 8786 | b Ft(Use)25 b(an)f Fs(emacs)p Ft(-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)h(in)m |
495aee44 CR |
8787 | (terface)h(\(see)g(Chapter)e(8)1590 1778 y([Command)38 |
8788 | b(Line)g(Editing],)i(page)f(95\).)66 b(This)37 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590 | |
8789 | 1888 y(the)31 b(editing)g(in)m(terface)h(used)d(for)h | |
8790 | Fs(read)f(-e)p Ft(.)1110 2052 y Fs(errexit)144 b Ft(Same)30 | |
8791 | b(as)h Fs(-e)p Ft(.)1110 2217 y Fs(errtrace)96 b Ft(Same)30 | |
8792 | b(as)h Fs(-E)p Ft(.)1110 2381 y Fs(functrace)1590 2491 | |
8793 | y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-T)p Ft(.)1110 2655 y Fs(hashall)144 | |
8794 | b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-h)p Ft(.)1110 2819 y Fs(histexpand)1590 | |
8795 | 2929 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-H)p Ft(.)1110 3093 y Fs(history)144 | |
17345e5a | 8796 | b Ft(Enable)39 b(command)g(history)-8 b(,)42 b(as)d(describ)s(ed)f(in)h |
495aee44 CR |
8797 | (Section)h(9.1)1590 3203 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41 |
8798 | b(page)c(125.)60 b(This)36 b(option)h(is)f(on)1590 3313 | |
17345e5a | 8799 | y(b)m(y)30 b(default)h(in)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8800 | 3477 y Fs(ignoreeof)1590 3587 y Ft(An)d(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e |
8801 | (will)g(not)f(exit)h(up)s(on)e(reading)i(EOF.)1110 3751 | |
17345e5a | 8802 | y Fs(keyword)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-k)p Ft(.)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
8803 | 3915 y Fs(monitor)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-m)p Ft(.)1110 |
8804 | 4080 y Fs(noclobber)1590 4189 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-C)p | |
8805 | Ft(.)1110 4354 y Fs(noexec)192 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-n)p | |
8806 | Ft(.)1110 4518 y Fs(noglob)192 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-f)p | |
8807 | Ft(.)1110 4682 y Fs(nolog)240 b Ft(Curren)m(tly)30 b(ignored.)1110 | |
8808 | 4847 y Fs(notify)192 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-b)p Ft(.)1110 | |
8809 | 5011 y Fs(nounset)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-u)p Ft(.)1110 | |
8810 | 5176 y Fs(onecmd)192 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-t)p Ft(.)1110 | |
8811 | 5340 y Fs(physical)96 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-P)p Ft(.)p | |
0001803f | 8812 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
8813 | %%Page: 56 62 |
8814 | TeXDict begin 56 61 bop 150 -116 a Ft(56)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8815 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)1110 299 y Fs(pipefail)96 b Ft(If)44 | |
8816 | b(set,)k(the)d(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)45 b(of)f(a)h(pip)s(eline)e(is)i | |
8817 | (the)f(v)-5 b(alue)45 b(of)1590 408 y(the)33 b(last)h(\(righ)m(tmost\)) | |
8818 | h(command)e(to)h(exit)g(with)f(a)g(non-zero)1590 518 | |
8819 | y(status,)28 b(or)f(zero)g(if)f(all)i(commands)e(in)g(the)h(pip)s | |
8820 | (eline)f(exit)i(suc-)1590 628 y(cessfully)-8 b(.)41 b(This)30 | |
8821 | b(option)h(is)f(disabled)g(b)m(y)h(default.)1110 792 | |
8822 | y Fs(posix)240 b Ft(Change)30 b(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(of)f(Bash)g | |
8823 | (where)g(the)g(default)h(op)s(era-)1590 902 y(tion)25 | |
8824 | b(di\013ers)f(from)g(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(standard)f(to)i(matc)m(h)h | |
8825 | (the)f(stan-)1590 1011 y(dard)32 b(\(see)i(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)e | |
8826 | (POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(86\).)1590 1121 y(This)k(is)g(in)m(tended)g | |
8827 | (to)h(mak)m(e)g(Bash)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)g(as)g(a)f(strict)h(su-)1590 | |
8828 | 1230 y(p)s(erset)30 b(of)h(that)f(standard.)1110 1395 | |
8829 | y Fs(privileged)1590 1504 y Ft(Same)g(as)h Fs(-p)p Ft(.)1110 | |
8830 | 1669 y Fs(verbose)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-v)p Ft(.)1110 | |
8831 | 1833 y Fs(vi)384 b Ft(Use)36 b(a)g Fs(vi)p Ft(-st)m(yle)g(line)g | |
8832 | (editing)g(in)m(terface.)58 b(This)35 b(also)h(a\013ects)1590 | |
8833 | 1943 y(the)31 b(editing)g(in)m(terface)h(used)d(for)h | |
8834 | Fs(read)f(-e)p Ft(.)1110 2107 y Fs(xtrace)192 b Ft(Same)30 | |
8835 | b(as)h Fs(-x)p Ft(.)630 2271 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(T)-8 b(urn)33 | |
8836 | b(on)h(privileged)h(mo)s(de.)51 b(In)34 b(this)g(mo)s(de,)h(the)f | |
8837 | Fs($BASH_ENV)e Ft(and)h Fs($ENV)1110 2381 y Ft(\014les)23 | |
8838 | b(are)h(not)f(pro)s(cessed,)h(shell)g(functions)e(are)i(not)f | |
8839 | (inherited)g(from)f(the)i(en-)1110 2491 y(vironmen)m(t,)h(and)e(the)g | |
8840 | Fs(SHELLOPTS)p Ft(,)f Fs(BASHOPTS)p Ft(,)h Fs(CDPATH)e | |
8841 | Ft(and)i Fs(GLOBIGNORE)1110 2600 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariables,)23 | |
8842 | b(if)e(they)g(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)i(are)e | |
8843 | (ignored.)38 b(If)20 b(the)h(shell)1110 2710 y(is)37 | |
8844 | b(started)h(with)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(\(group\))g(id)g(not)g | |
8845 | (equal)h(to)g(the)f(real)1110 2819 y(user)h(\(group\))h(id,)i(and)d | |
8846 | (the)h Fs(-p)f Ft(option)i(is)e(not)i(supplied,)f(these)h(actions)1110 | |
8847 | 2929 y(are)32 b(tak)m(en)i(and)d(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)c(id)h(is) | |
8848 | g(set)h(to)f(the)h(real)f(user)g(id.)45 b(If)32 b(the)1110 | |
8849 | 3039 y Fs(-p)i Ft(option)h(is)g(supplied)f(at)h(startup,)h(the)f | |
8850 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i(user)d(id)g(is)h(not)g(reset.)1110 | |
8851 | 3148 y(T)-8 b(urning)35 b(this)i(option)g(o\013)g(causes)g(the)g | |
8852 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i(user)d(and)g(group)g(ids)g(to)1110 | |
8853 | 3258 y(b)s(e)30 b(set)h(to)g(the)f(real)h(user)f(and)g(group)g(ids.)630 | |
8854 | 3422 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(Exit)31 b(after)g(reading)f(and)g(executing)h | |
8855 | (one)g(command.)630 3587 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(T)-8 b(reat)25 | |
8856 | b(unset)e(v)-5 b(ariables)25 b(and)e(parameters)h(other)h(than)e(the)h | |
8857 | (sp)s(ecial)h(param-)1110 3696 y(eters)35 b(`)p Fs(@)p | |
8858 | Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(as)f(an)g(error)g(when)f(p)s(erforming)g | |
8859 | (parameter)i(expansion.)1110 3806 y(An)28 b(error)h(message)g(will)g(b) | |
8860 | s(e)f(written)h(to)h(the)e(standard)g(error,)h(and)f(a)h(non-)1110 | |
8861 | 3915 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(shell)e(will)g(exit.)630 4080 | |
8862 | y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)30 b(shell)h(input)e(lines)i(as)g(they)f(are) | |
8863 | h(read.)630 4244 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)21 b(a)h(trace)h(of)f | |
8864 | (simple)f(commands,)i Fs(for)e Ft(commands,)i Fs(case)d | |
8865 | Ft(commands,)1110 4354 y Fs(select)29 b Ft(commands,)j(and)e | |
8866 | (arithmetic)j Fs(for)d Ft(commands)h(and)f(their)i(argu-)1110 | |
8867 | 4463 y(men)m(ts)h(or)f(asso)s(ciated)i(w)m(ord)e(lists)h(after)g(they)f | |
8868 | (are)h(expanded)f(and)f(b)s(efore)1110 4573 y(they)i(are)g(executed.)49 | |
17345e5a | 8869 | b(The)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g Fs(PS4)f Ft(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 8870 | b(ariable)34 b(is)f(expanded)f(and)1110 4682 y(the)24 |
17345e5a | 8871 | b(resultan)m(t)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(is)g(prin)m(ted)g(b)s(efore)f(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
8872 | (command)g(and)f(its)i(expanded)1110 4792 y(argumen)m(ts.)630 |
8873 | 4956 y Fs(-B)384 b Ft(The)41 b(shell)g(will)g(p)s(erform)f(brace)h | |
8874 | (expansion)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5.1)g([Brace)1110 5066 | |
8875 | y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(19\).)42 b(This)30 b(option)h(is)f(on)g(b)m | |
8876 | (y)h(default.)630 5230 y Fs(-C)384 b Ft(Prev)m(en)m(t)25 | |
8877 | b(output)e(redirection)h(using)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(',)i(`)p | |
8878 | Fs(>&)p Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p Fs(<>)p Ft(')g(from)h(o)m(v)m(erwriting)1110 | |
8879 | 5340 y(existing)31 b(\014les.)p eop end | |
8880 | %%Page: 57 63 | |
8881 | TeXDict begin 57 62 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 | |
8882 | b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(57)630 299 y Fs(-E)384 | |
8883 | b Ft(If)39 b(set,)j(an)m(y)e(trap)f(on)g Fs(ERR)g Ft(is)g(inherited)g | |
8884 | (b)m(y)g(shell)h(functions,)h(command)1110 408 y(substitutions,)35 | |
8885 | b(and)e(commands)g(executed)i(in)f(a)g(subshell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.) | |
8886 | 1110 518 y(The)d Fs(ERR)f Ft(trap)i(is)f(normally)h(not)f(inherited)g | |
8887 | (in)g(suc)m(h)g(cases.)630 670 y Fs(-H)384 b Ft(Enable)38 | |
8888 | b(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')h(st)m(yle)h(history)e(substitution)g(\(see)h | |
8889 | (Section)h(9.3)f([History)g(In-)1110 780 y(teraction],)g(page)d(127\).) | |
8890 | 57 b(This)34 b(option)i(is)f(on)g(b)m(y)h(default)f(for)g(in)m | |
8891 | (teractiv)m(e)1110 890 y(shells.)630 1042 y Fs(-P)384 | |
8892 | b Ft(If)43 b(set,)k(do)c(not)g(follo)m(w)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(links)e | |
8893 | (when)g(p)s(erforming)g(commands)1110 1152 y(suc)m(h)29 | |
8894 | b(as)h Fs(cd)f Ft(whic)m(h)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(directory) | |
8895 | -8 b(.)42 b(The)28 b(ph)m(ysical)j(direc-)1110 1261 y(tory)j(is)g(used) | |
8896 | f(instead.)52 b(By)34 b(default,)h(Bash)f(follo)m(ws)h(the)f(logical)i | |
8897 | (c)m(hain)f(of)1110 1371 y(directories)j(when)d(p)s(erforming)h | |
8898 | (commands)g(whic)m(h)g(c)m(hange)i(the)f(curren)m(t)1110 | |
8899 | 1480 y(directory)-8 b(.)1110 1611 y(F)g(or)31 b(example,)g(if)f(`)p | |
8900 | Fs(/usr/sys)p Ft(')e(is)i(a)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)h(link)f(to)g(`)p | |
8901 | Fs(/usr/local/sys)p Ft(')1110 1721 y(then:)1350 1852 | |
8902 | y Fs($)47 b(cd)h(/usr/sys;)d(echo)i($PWD)1350 1962 y(/usr/sys)1350 | |
8903 | 2071 y($)g(cd)h(..;)f(pwd)1350 2181 y(/usr)1110 2312 | |
8904 | y Ft(If)30 b Fs(set)f(-P)h Ft(is)h(on,)f(then:)1350 2443 | |
8905 | y Fs($)47 b(cd)h(/usr/sys;)d(echo)i($PWD)1350 2552 y(/usr/local/sys) | |
8906 | 1350 2662 y($)g(cd)h(..;)f(pwd)1350 2771 y(/usr/local)630 | |
8907 | 2924 y(-T)384 b Ft(If)34 b(set,)j(an)m(y)e(trap)g(on)g | |
8908 | Fs(DEBUG)e Ft(and)i Fs(RETURN)e Ft(are)i(inherited)g(b)m(y)f(shell)i | |
8909 | (func-)1110 3033 y(tions,)k(command)d(substitutions,)h(and)f(commands)g | |
8910 | (executed)h(in)f(a)h(sub-)1110 3143 y(shell)33 b(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)49 | |
8911 | b(The)32 b Fs(DEBUG)g Ft(and)g Fs(RETURN)f Ft(traps)h(are)i(normally)f | |
8912 | (not)1110 3253 y(inherited)d(in)g(suc)m(h)g(cases.)630 | |
8913 | 3405 y Fs(--)384 b Ft(If)31 b(no)h(argumen)m(ts)f(follo)m(w)i(this)f | |
8914 | (option,)g(then)f(the)h(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)1110 | |
8915 | 3515 y(are)h(unset.)49 b(Otherwise,)34 b(the)g(p)s(ositional)g | |
8916 | (parameters)g(are)g(set)g(to)g(the)g Fq(ar-)1110 3624 | |
8917 | y(gumen)m(ts)t Ft(,)d(ev)m(en)g(if)f(some)h(of)f(them)h(b)s(egin)f | |
8918 | (with)g(a)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)630 3777 y Fs(-)432 b Ft(Signal)45 | |
8919 | b(the)g(end)f(of)h(options,)k(cause)c(all)h(remaining)e | |
8920 | Fq(argumen)m(ts)49 b Ft(to)d(b)s(e)1110 3886 y(assigned)38 | |
8921 | b(to)h(the)f(p)s(ositional)h(parameters.)65 b(The)37 | |
8922 | b(`)p Fs(-x)p Ft(')h(and)g(`)p Fs(-v)p Ft(')g(options)1110 | |
8923 | 3996 y(are)25 b(turned)e(o\013.)40 b(If)24 b(there)h(are)g(no)f | |
17345e5a | 8924 | (argumen)m(ts,)i(the)f(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)1110 |
495aee44 | 8925 | 4105 y(remain)k(unc)m(hanged.)630 4258 y(Using)d(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
8926 | Fs(+)p Ft(')h(rather)f(than)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(causes)h(these)f |
8927 | (options)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(turned)g(o\013.)40 b(The)27 b(options)h(can)630 | |
495aee44 | 8928 | 4367 y(also)36 b(b)s(e)f(used)f(up)s(on)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)j(of)e |
17345e5a | 8929 | (the)g(shell.)56 b(The)34 b(curren)m(t)h(set)h(of)f(options)h(ma)m(y)g |
495aee44 | 8930 | (b)s(e)630 4477 y(found)29 b(in)h Fs($-)p Ft(.)630 4608 |
17345e5a | 8931 | y(The)43 b(remaining)h(N)f Fq(argumen)m(ts)48 b Ft(are)c(p)s(ositional) |
495aee44 | 8932 | g(parameters)g(and)f(are)h(assigned,)j(in)630 4717 y(order,)30 |
17345e5a JA |
8933 | b(to)h Fs($1)p Ft(,)f Fs($2)p Ft(,)36 b(.)22 b(.)g(.)42 |
8934 | b Fs($N)p Ft(.)e(The)30 b(sp)s(ecial)h(parameter)g Fs(#)f | |
495aee44 | 8935 | Ft(is)g(set)h(to)g(N.)630 4848 y(The)f(return)f(status)i(is)f(alw)m(a)m |
17345e5a | 8936 | (ys)i(zero)f(unless)f(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(option)g(is)f |
495aee44 CR |
8937 | (supplied.)150 5041 y Fj(4.3.2)63 b(The)41 b(Shopt)h(Builtin)150 |
8938 | 5188 y Ft(This)30 b(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)g(to)g(c)m(hange)h | |
8939 | (additional)f(shell)f(optional)i(b)s(eha)m(vior.)150 | |
8940 | 5340 y Fs(shopt)p eop end | |
8941 | %%Page: 58 64 | |
8942 | TeXDict begin 58 63 bop 150 -116 a Ft(58)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
8943 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)870 299 y Fs(shopt)46 b([-pqsu])g([-o])h([)p | |
8944 | Fi(optname)56 b Fs(...)o(])630 427 y Ft(T)-8 b(oggle)47 | |
17345e5a JA |
8945 | b(the)d(v)-5 b(alues)45 b(of)g(v)-5 b(ariables)45 b(con)m(trolling)i |
8946 | (optional)f(shell)e(b)s(eha)m(vior.)84 b(With)45 b(no)630 | |
495aee44 | 8947 | 536 y(options,)32 b(or)f(with)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option,)h(a)g |
17345e5a | 8948 | (list)f(of)h(all)g(settable)g(options)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)h(with) |
495aee44 | 8949 | 630 646 y(an)i(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)g(not)h(eac)m(h)h(is)e |
17345e5a | 8950 | (set.)54 b(The)34 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g(output)f(to) |
495aee44 CR |
8951 | 630 756 y(b)s(e)i(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(in)e(a)i(form)f(that)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s |
8952 | (e)e(reused)h(as)g(input.)58 b(Other)36 b(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the) | |
8953 | 630 865 y(follo)m(wing)32 b(meanings:)630 1011 y Fs(-s)384 | |
0001803f | 8954 | b Ft(Enable)30 b(\(set\))i(eac)m(h)f Fq(optname)5 b Ft(.)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8955 | 1157 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(Disable)31 b(\(unset\))g(eac)m(h)h |
8956 | Fq(optname)5 b Ft(.)630 1303 y Fs(-q)384 b Ft(Suppresses)28 | |
0001803f | 8957 | b(normal)h(output;)h(the)g(return)e(status)i(indicates)h(whether)e(the) |
495aee44 | 8958 | 1110 1413 y Fq(optname)37 b Ft(is)31 b(set)h(or)f(unset.)43 |
0001803f | 8959 | b(If)31 b(m)m(ultiple)h Fq(optname)37 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)31 |
495aee44 | 8960 | b(are)h(giv)m(en)1110 1523 y(with)43 b(`)p Fs(-q)p Ft(',)j(the)d |
0001803f | 8961 | (return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)f(all)g Fq(optnames)k |
495aee44 CR |
8962 | Ft(are)d(enabled;)1110 1632 y(non-zero)31 b(otherwise.)630 |
8963 | 1778 y Fs(-o)384 b Ft(Restricts)28 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)28 | |
0001803f | 8964 | b(of)f Fq(optname)33 b Ft(to)c(b)s(e)d(those)i(de\014ned)f(for)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 8965 | (`)p Fs(-o)p Ft(')h(op-)1110 1888 y(tion)23 b(to)h(the)f |
0001803f | 8966 | Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)h([The)d(Set)i(Builtin],) |
495aee44 | 8967 | h(page)e(54\).)630 2034 y(If)29 b(either)i(`)p Fs(-s)p |
0001803f CR |
8968 | Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft(')f(is)h(used)g(with)f(no)h |
8969 | Fq(optname)35 b Ft(argumen)m(ts,)c(the)f(displa)m(y)g(is)g(limited)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
8970 | 2144 y(to)h(those)g(options)g(whic)m(h)f(are)h(set)f(or)h(unset,)f |
8971 | (resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)630 2271 y(Unless)30 b(otherwise)h(noted,)g | |
0001803f | 8972 | (the)g Fs(shopt)d Ft(options)j(are)g(disabled)f(\(o\013)7 |
495aee44 | 8973 | b(\))32 b(b)m(y)e(default.)630 2399 y(The)d(return)f(status)i(when)f |
0001803f | 8974 | (listing)h(options)g(is)f(zero)i(if)e(all)i Fq(optnames)i |
495aee44 | 8975 | Ft(are)d(enabled,)g(non-)630 2509 y(zero)40 b(otherwise.)66 |
0001803f | 8976 | b(When)39 b(setting)h(or)f(unsetting)g(options,)i(the)e(return)f |
495aee44 | 8977 | (status)h(is)g(zero)630 2619 y(unless)30 b(an)g Fq(optname)36 |
0001803f | 8978 | b Ft(is)30 b(not)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)30 b(shell)h(option.)630 |
495aee44 CR |
8979 | 2746 y(The)f(list)h(of)f Fs(shopt)f Ft(options)i(is:)630 |
8980 | 2892 y Fs(autocd)192 b Ft(If)27 b(set,)h(a)g(command)f(name)g(that)h | |
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495aee44 CR |
8984 | 3112 y(used)g(b)m(y)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)630 |
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495aee44 CR |
8989 | b(is)1110 3587 y(the)g(directory)f(to)i(c)m(hange)f(to.)630 |
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8996 | b(If)42 b(a)1110 4061 y(correction)25 b(is)e(found,)g(the)h(corrected)g |
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495aee44 CR |
8999 | (teractiv)m(e)k(shells.)630 4317 y Fs(checkhash)1110 |
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495aee44 CR |
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9014 | %%Page: 59 65 | |
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495aee44 | 9060 | 3337 y(exist.)630 3497 y Fs(dotglob)144 b Ft(If)27 b(set,)i(Bash)f |
17345e5a | 9061 | (includes)g(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)f(with)g(a)h(`.')41 |
495aee44 CR |
9062 | b(in)27 b(the)h(results)g(of)1110 3606 y(\014lename)j(expansion.)630 |
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17345e5a | 9066 | h(the)f Fs(exec)f Ft(builtin)h(command.)39 b(An)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
9067 | 3985 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e)33 b(shell)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(exit)i(if)e |
9068 | Fs(exec)f Ft(fails.)630 4144 y Fs(expand_aliases)1110 | |
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9073 | b(shells.)630 4633 y Fs(extdebug)96 b Ft(If)30 b(set,)h(b)s(eha)m(vior) | |
17345e5a | 9074 | g(in)m(tended)f(for)g(use)g(b)m(y)g(debuggers)g(is)h(enabled:)1159 |
495aee44 | 9075 | 4767 y(1.)61 b(The)32 b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)g(the)g |
17345e5a | 9076 | Fs(declare)d Ft(builtin)i(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)h([Bash)1290 |
495aee44 CR |
9077 | 4877 y(Builtins],)29 b(page)g(43\))g(displa)m(ys)f(the)g(source)h |
9078 | (\014le)f(name)g(and)f(line)h(n)m(um-)1290 4986 y(b)s(er)h(corresp)s | |
17345e5a | 9079 | (onding)g(to)i(eac)m(h)g(function)f(name)g(supplied)f(as)i(an)f(argu-) |
495aee44 | 9080 | 1290 5096 y(men)m(t.)1159 5230 y(2.)61 b(If)20 b(the)h(command)g(run)e |
17345e5a | 9081 | (b)m(y)i(the)f Fs(DEBUG)g Ft(trap)g(returns)g(a)h(non-zero)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
9082 | b(alue,)1290 5340 y(the)31 b(next)f(command)g(is)h(skipp)s(ed)e(and)g |
9083 | (not)i(executed.)p eop end | |
9084 | %%Page: 60 66 | |
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495aee44 CR |
9112 | 2125 y Fs(${)p Fi(parameter)11 b Fs(})30 b Ft(expansions)j(enclosed)h |
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495aee44 CR |
9116 | (\014lenames)f(during)g(\014lename)g(ex-)1110 2506 y(pansion)30 |
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495aee44 CR |
9120 | 2887 y(w)m(ords)31 b(to)h(b)s(e)f(ignored)h(when)f(p)s(erforming)f(w)m |
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495aee44 CR |
9123 | b(See)37 b(Section)h(5.2)1110 3106 y([Bash)24 b(V)-8 |
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495aee44 CR |
9132 | (sub)s(directories)1110 3707 y(matc)m(h.)630 3868 y Fs(gnu_errfmt)1110 |
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495aee44 CR |
9139 | (erwriting)1110 4578 y(the)31 b(\014le.)630 4740 y Fs(histreedit)1110 |
9140 | 4849 y Ft(If)i(set,)h(and)f(Readline)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used,)g(a)g | |
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9142 | 4959 y(to)d(re-edit)g(a)g(failed)g(history)f(substitution.)630 |
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9145 | 5340 y(tion)h(are)g(not)g(immediately)h(passed)e(to)h(the)g(shell)g |
9146 | (parser.)59 b(Instead,)38 b(the)p eop end | |
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17345e5a | 9159 | Fs(SIGHUP)h Ft(to)h(all)h(jobs)e(when)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(login) |
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17345e5a | 9163 | Fs(#)p Ft(')g(to)h(cause)f(that)h(w)m(ord)f(and)f(all)i(remain-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
9164 | 1751 y(ing)41 b(c)m(haracters)i(on)e(that)h(line)g(to)g(b)s(e)f |
9165 | (ignored)g(in)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell.)1110 | |
9166 | 1861 y(This)30 b(option)g(is)h(enabled)f(b)m(y)g(default.)630 | |
9167 | 2016 y Fs(lastpipe)96 b Ft(If)24 b(set,)i(and)e(job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)f | |
9168 | (not)f(activ)m(e,)k(the)d(shell)f(runs)f(the)i(last)g(command)1110 | |
9169 | 2125 y(of)37 b(a)h(pip)s(eline)e(not)h(executed)h(in)f(the)g(bac)m | |
9170 | (kground)g(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(shell)1110 2235 y(en)m(vironmen)m | |
9171 | (t.)630 2390 y Fs(lithist)144 b Ft(If)22 b(enabled,)i(and)d(the)h | |
9172 | Fs(cmdhist)e Ft(option)j(is)f(enabled,)i(m)m(ulti-line)f(commands)1110 | |
9173 | 2500 y(are)28 b(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(to)g(the)f(history)g(with)f(em)m(b)s | |
9174 | (edded)g(newlines)h(rather)g(than)f(using)1110 2609 y(semicolon)32 | |
9175 | b(separators)f(where)e(p)s(ossible.)630 2765 y Fs(login_shell)1110 | |
9176 | 2874 y Ft(The)35 b(shell)h(sets)g(this)f(option)h(if)g(it)g(is)f | |
17345e5a | 9177 | (started)h(as)g(a)g(login)g(shell)g(\(see)g(Sec-)1110 |
495aee44 | 9178 | 2984 y(tion)29 b(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)f(page)g(73\).)41 |
17345e5a | 9179 | b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(ma)m(y)g(not)f(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged.)630 |
495aee44 | 9180 | 3139 y Fs(mailwarn)96 b Ft(If)34 b(set,)i(and)e(a)h(\014le)g(that)g |
17345e5a | 9181 | (Bash)f(is)h(c)m(hec)m(king)h(for)f(mail)g(has)f(b)s(een)g(accessed) |
495aee44 | 9182 | 1110 3249 y(since)24 b(the)h(last)g(time)f(it)h(w)m(as)f(c)m(hec)m(k)m |
0001803f | 9183 | (ed,)k(the)c(message)h Fs("The)k(mail)h(in)f Fi(mail-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
9184 | 3358 y(file)40 b Fs(has)29 b(been)g(read")g Ft(is)i(displa)m(y)m(ed.) |
9185 | 630 3513 y Fs(no_empty_cmd_completion)1110 3623 y Ft(If)f(set,)g(and)g | |
0001803f | 9186 | (Readline)g(is)h(b)s(eing)e(used,)h(Bash)g(will)g(not)g(attempt)i(to)e |
495aee44 | 9187 | (searc)m(h)1110 3733 y(the)25 b Fs(PATH)f Ft(for)h(p)s(ossible)f |
0001803f | 9188 | (completions)j(when)d(completion)i(is)f(attempted)h(on)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
9189 | 3842 y(an)k(empt)m(y)h(line.)630 3998 y Fs(nocaseglob)1110 |
9190 | 4107 y Ft(If)38 b(set,)k(Bash)d(matc)m(hes)g(\014lenames)g(in)f(a)h | |
9191 | (case-insensitiv)m(e)j(fashion)c(when)1110 4217 y(p)s(erforming)29 | |
9192 | b(\014lename)i(expansion.)630 4372 y Fs(nocasematch)1110 | |
9193 | 4482 y Ft(If)42 b(set,)k(Bash)d(matc)m(hes)g(patterns)g(in)f(a)h | |
9194 | (case-insensitiv)m(e)i(fashion)d(when)1110 4591 y(p)s(erforming)31 | |
0001803f | 9195 | b(matc)m(hing)i(while)f(executing)i Fs(case)d Ft(or)h |
495aee44 CR |
9196 | Fs([[)g Ft(conditional)h(com-)1110 4701 y(mands.)630 |
9197 | 4856 y Fs(nullglob)96 b Ft(If)23 b(set,)j(Bash)e(allo)m(ws)g | |
0001803f | 9198 | (\014lename)g(patterns)g(whic)m(h)f(matc)m(h)h(no)g(\014les)f(to)i |
495aee44 CR |
9199 | (expand)1110 4966 y(to)31 b(a)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(rather)f(than)g |
9200 | (themselv)m(es.)630 5121 y Fs(progcomp)96 b Ft(If)25 | |
0001803f | 9201 | b(set,)i(the)f(programmable)g(completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)f |
495aee44 CR |
9202 | (Section)f(8.6)h([Pro-)1110 5230 y(grammable)45 b(Completion],)k(page)c |
9203 | (117\))h(are)f(enabled.)82 b(This)44 b(option)h(is)1110 | |
9204 | 5340 y(enabled)30 b(b)m(y)h(default.)p eop end | |
9205 | %%Page: 62 68 | |
9206 | TeXDict begin 62 67 bop 150 -116 a Ft(62)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
9207 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(promptvars)1110 | |
9208 | 408 y Ft(If)24 b(set,)i(prompt)d(strings)h(undergo)f(parameter)i | |
9209 | (expansion,)g(command)f(sub-)1110 518 y(stitution,)34 | |
0001803f | 9210 | b(arithmetic)f(expansion,)g(and)e(quote)i(remo)m(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 9211 | b(al)33 b(after)g(b)s(eing)e(ex-)1110 628 y(panded)39 |
17345e5a | 9212 | b(as)i(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w)i(\(see)g(Section)g(6.9)g([Prin)m |
495aee44 CR |
9213 | (ting)g(a)g(Prompt],)1110 737 y(page)31 b(84\).)42 b(This)30 |
9214 | b(option)g(is)h(enabled)f(b)m(y)g(default.)630 897 y | |
9215 | Fs(restricted_shell)1110 1006 y Ft(The)40 b(shell)h(sets)g(this)g | |
17345e5a | 9216 | (option)g(if)g(it)h(is)e(started)i(in)e(restricted)i(mo)s(de)e(\(see) |
495aee44 CR |
9217 | 1110 1116 y(Section)c(6.10)g([The)f(Restricted)g(Shell],)i(page)e |
9218 | (86\).)56 b(The)34 b(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(ma)m(y)h(not)1110 | |
9219 | 1225 y(b)s(e)c(c)m(hanged.)49 b(This)32 b(is)h(not)h(reset)f(when)f | |
9220 | (the)h(startup)g(\014les)f(are)i(executed,)1110 1335 | |
17345e5a | 9221 | y(allo)m(wing)k(the)e(startup)f(\014les)h(to)g(disco)m(v)m(er)h |
495aee44 CR |
9222 | (whether)f(or)f(not)i(a)f(shell)g(is)g(re-)1110 1445 |
9223 | y(stricted.)630 1604 y Fs(shift_verbose)1110 1714 y Ft(If)g(this)g(is)g | |
17345e5a | 9224 | (set,)j(the)d Fs(shift)f Ft(builtin)h(prin)m(ts)f(an)h(error)g(message) |
495aee44 CR |
9225 | i(when)d(the)1110 1823 y(shift)30 b(coun)m(t)h(exceeds)g(the)g(n)m(um)m |
9226 | (b)s(er)e(of)h(p)s(ositional)i(parameters.)630 1983 y | |
9227 | Fs(sourcepath)1110 2092 y Ft(If)22 b(set,)j(the)e Fs(source)e | |
9228 | Ft(builtin)h(uses)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(of)g Fs(PATH)e | |
9229 | Ft(to)j(\014nd)d(the)h(directory)1110 2202 y(con)m(taining)29 | |
9230 | b(the)e(\014le)h(supplied)e(as)h(an)g(argumen)m(t.)40 | |
9231 | b(This)27 b(option)h(is)f(enabled)1110 2311 y(b)m(y)j(default.)630 | |
9232 | 2471 y Fs(xpg_echo)96 b Ft(If)31 b(set,)h(the)g Fs(echo)e | |
17345e5a | 9233 | Ft(builtin)h(expands)f(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(e)j(sequences)f(b)m(y)f |
495aee44 | 9234 | (de-)1110 2580 y(fault.)630 2740 y(The)c(return)f(status)i(when)f |
17345e5a | 9235 | (listing)h(options)g(is)f(zero)i(if)e(all)i Fq(optnames)i |
495aee44 | 9236 | Ft(are)d(enabled,)g(non-)630 2849 y(zero)40 b(otherwise.)66 |
17345e5a | 9237 | b(When)39 b(setting)h(or)f(unsetting)g(options,)i(the)e(return)f |
495aee44 | 9238 | (status)h(is)g(zero)630 2959 y(unless)30 b(an)g Fq(optname)36 |
0001803f | 9239 | b Ft(is)30 b(not)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)30 b(shell)h(option.)150 |
495aee44 | 9240 | 3191 y Fr(4.4)68 b(Sp)t(ecial)45 b(Builtins)150 3351 |
0001803f CR |
9241 | y Ft(F)-8 b(or)35 b(historical)h(reasons,)g(the)e Fl(posix)g |
9242 | Ft(standard)f(has)i(classi\014ed)f(sev)m(eral)i(builtin)e(commands)g | |
495aee44 | 9243 | (as)h Fk(sp)-5 b(e-)150 3460 y(cial)p Ft(.)47 b(When)33 |
0001803f CR |
9244 | b(Bash)f(is)h(executing)g(in)f Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)h(the)g(sp)s |
9245 | (ecial)g(builtins)e(di\013er)i(from)f(other)g(builtin)150 | |
495aee44 | 9246 | 3570 y(commands)e(in)g(three)h(resp)s(ects:)199 3704 |
0001803f | 9247 | y(1.)61 b(Sp)s(ecial)31 b(builtins)e(are)i(found)e(b)s(efore)h(shell)h |
495aee44 | 9248 | (functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)199 3839 y(2.)61 |
0001803f | 9249 | b(If)30 b(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h(error)g(status,)h |
495aee44 | 9250 | (a)g(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)d(exits.)199 3973 |
0001803f CR |
9251 | y(3.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)30 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(the)f(command) |
9252 | g(sta)m(y)i(in)e(e\013ect)i(in)e(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 | |
495aee44 | 9253 | 4083 y(after)i(the)f(command)h(completes.)275 4242 y(When)36 |
0001803f CR |
9254 | b(Bash)g(is)h(not)f(executing)i(in)e Fl(posix)f Ft(mo)s(de,)j(these)f |
9255 | (builtins)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(no)f(di\013eren)m(tly)h(than)150 | |
495aee44 | 9256 | 4352 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(Bash)h(builtin)e(commands.)41 |
0001803f | 9257 | b(The)30 b(Bash)g Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de)g(is)g(describ)s(ed)f(in)h |
495aee44 CR |
9258 | (Section)h(6.11)150 4462 y([Bash)g(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(86.)275 |
9259 | 4596 y(These)f(are)g(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins:)390 | |
9260 | 4731 y Fs(break)46 b(:)i(.)f(continue)f(eval)g(exec)h(exit)g(export)f | |
9261 | (readonly)f(return)h(set)390 4840 y(shift)g(trap)h(unset)p | |
17345e5a | 9262 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
9263 | %%Page: 63 69 |
9264 | TeXDict begin 63 68 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 | |
9265 | b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(63)150 299 y Fo(5)80 | |
9266 | b(Shell)53 b(V)-13 b(ariables)150 541 y Ft(This)21 b(c)m(hapter)i | |
0001803f CR |
9267 | (describ)s(es)e(the)i(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariables)23 b(that)f(Bash)h(uses.) |
9268 | 37 b(Bash)23 b(automatically)h(assigns)f(default)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
9269 | 651 y(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(to)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(v)-5 |
9270 | b(ariables.)150 888 y Fr(5.1)68 b(Bourne)45 b(Shell)g(V)-11 | |
9271 | b(ariables)150 1047 y Ft(Bash)30 b(uses)g(certain)h(shell)g(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 9272 | b(ariables)31 b(in)f(the)g(same)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(as)g(the)f(Bourne)g |
495aee44 | 9273 | (shell.)41 b(In)30 b(some)g(cases,)i(Bash)150 1157 y(assigns)f(a)f |
0001803f | 9274 | (default)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 |
495aee44 | 9275 | 1320 y Fs(CDPATH)192 b Ft(A)39 b(colon-separated)i(list)e(of)g |
0001803f | 9276 | (directories)h(used)f(as)g(a)g(searc)m(h)h(path)e(for)h(the)g |
495aee44 | 9277 | Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)630 1430 y(command.)150 1592 y Fs(HOME)288 |
17345e5a JA |
9278 | b Ft(The)23 b(curren)m(t)h(user's)f(home)g(directory;)k(the)d(default)g |
9279 | (for)f(the)h Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)g(command.)38 b(The)630 | |
495aee44 | 9280 | 1702 y(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 |
17345e5a | 9281 | b(is)g(also)g(used)e(b)m(y)h(tilde)h(expansion)f(\(see)i(Section)f |
495aee44 CR |
9282 | (3.5.2)h([Tilde)630 1811 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(20\).)150 |
9283 | 1973 y Fs(IFS)336 b Ft(A)25 b(list)i(of)e(c)m(haracters)i(that)f | |
17345e5a | 9284 | (separate)g(\014elds;)h(used)e(when)f(the)i(shell)f(splits)h(w)m(ords)e |
495aee44 CR |
9285 | (as)i(part)630 2083 y(of)31 b(expansion.)150 2245 y Fs(MAIL)288 |
9286 | b Ft(If)44 b(this)g(parameter)h(is)g(set)g(to)g(a)f(\014lename)h(or)f | |
9287 | (directory)h(name)g(and)f(the)g Fs(MAILPATH)630 2355 | |
9288 | y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(is)e(not)h(set,)h(Bash)f(informs)f(the)h(user) | |
9289 | f(of)h(the)g(arriv)-5 b(al)31 b(of)g(mail)g(in)g(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed) | |
9290 | 630 2464 y(\014le)f(or)h(Maildir-format)g(directory)-8 | |
9291 | b(.)150 2627 y Fs(MAILPATH)96 b Ft(A)33 b(colon-separated)i(list)f(of)f | |
17345e5a | 9292 | (\014lenames)h(whic)m(h)f(the)g(shell)g(p)s(erio)s(dically)h(c)m(hec)m |
495aee44 | 9293 | (ks)g(for)f(new)630 2736 y(mail.)60 b(Eac)m(h)37 b(list)g(en)m(try)g |
17345e5a | 9294 | (can)g(sp)s(ecify)f(the)h(message)h(that)f(is)g(prin)m(ted)f(when)f |
495aee44 | 9295 | (new)h(mail)630 2846 y(arriv)m(es)29 b(in)g(the)g(mail)g(\014le)g(b)m |
17345e5a | 9296 | (y)g(separating)g(the)g(\014le)g(name)g(from)f(the)h(message)h(with)e |
495aee44 | 9297 | (a)i(`)p Fs(?)p Ft('.)630 2955 y(When)i(used)f(in)h(the)g(text)i(of)e |
17345e5a | 9298 | (the)g(message,)i Fs($_)e Ft(expands)f(to)i(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f |
495aee44 | 9299 | (curren)m(t)630 3065 y(mail)f(\014le.)150 3227 y Fs(OPTARG)192 |
17345e5a JA |
9300 | b Ft(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)h(last)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g |
9301 | (pro)s(cessed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs(getopts)f Ft(builtin.)150 | |
495aee44 | 9302 | 3389 y Fs(OPTIND)192 b Ft(The)30 b(index)g(of)g(the)h(last)g(option)g |
17345e5a | 9303 | (argumen)m(t)g(pro)s(cessed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs(getopts)f |
495aee44 | 9304 | Ft(builtin.)150 3552 y Fs(PATH)288 b Ft(A)32 b(colon-separated)i(list)f |
17345e5a | 9305 | (of)f(directories)h(in)e(whic)m(h)h(the)g(shell)g(lo)s(oks)h(for)f |
495aee44 | 9306 | (commands.)45 b(A)630 3661 y(zero-length)e(\(n)m(ull\))g(directory)f |
17345e5a | 9307 | (name)g(in)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(of)g Fs(PATH)f Ft(indicates)i(the)f |
495aee44 | 9308 | (curren)m(t)630 3771 y(directory)-8 b(.)49 b(A)33 b(n)m(ull)f |
17345e5a | 9309 | (directory)i(name)e(ma)m(y)i(app)s(ear)e(as)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(adjacen)m(t)g |
495aee44 CR |
9310 | (colons,)g(or)f(as)g(an)630 3880 y(initial)f(or)e(trailing)h(colon.)150 |
9311 | 4042 y Fs(PS1)336 b Ft(The)35 b(primary)f(prompt)h(string.)55 | |
17345e5a | 9312 | b(The)35 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)h(`)p Fs(\\s-\\v\\$)28 |
495aee44 CR |
9313 | b Ft('.)56 b(See)36 b(Section)g(6.9)630 4152 y([Prin)m(ting)28 |
9314 | b(a)g(Prompt],)g(page)h(84,)g(for)e(the)h(complete)h(list)g(of)e(escap) | |
9315 | s(e)h(sequences)g(that)h(are)630 4262 y(expanded)h(b)s(efore)g | |
9316 | Fs(PS1)f Ft(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed.)150 4424 y Fs(PS2)336 | |
17345e5a JA |
9317 | b Ft(The)30 b(secondary)g(prompt)g(string.)41 b(The)29 |
9318 | b(default)i(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(>)g Ft('.)150 | |
495aee44 | 9319 | 4661 y Fr(5.2)68 b(Bash)45 b(V)-11 b(ariables)150 4820 |
0001803f CR |
9320 | y Ft(These)45 b(v)-5 b(ariables)46 b(are)g(set)g(or)f(used)f(b)m(y)h |
9321 | (Bash,)50 b(but)44 b(other)i(shells)f(do)h(not)f(normally)h(treat)g | |
495aee44 | 9322 | (them)150 4929 y(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 5067 y(A)24 |
0001803f CR |
9323 | b(few)g(v)-5 b(ariables)24 b(used)g(b)m(y)f(Bash)i(are)f(describ)s(ed)f |
9324 | (in)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(c)m(hapters:)38 b(v)-5 b(ariables)25 | |
495aee44 | 9325 | b(for)f(con)m(trolling)150 5176 y(the)31 b(job)f(con)m(trol)h |
17345e5a | 9326 | (facilities)i(\(see)e(Section)g(7.3)h([Job)e(Con)m(trol)h(V)-8 |
495aee44 | 9327 | b(ariables],)32 b(page)g(94\).)150 5340 y Fs(BASH)288 |
17345e5a JA |
9328 | b Ft(The)30 b(full)g(pathname)g(used)g(to)h(execute)h(the)e(curren)m(t) |
9329 | g(instance)h(of)g(Bash.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
9330 | %%Page: 64 70 |
9331 | TeXDict begin 64 69 bop 150 -116 a Ft(64)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
9332 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(BASHOPTS)96 b Ft(A)31 |
9333 | b(colon-separated)h(list)f(of)g(enabled)f(shell)h(options.)41 | |
9334 | b(Eac)m(h)31 b(w)m(ord)f(in)g(the)h(list)g(is)g(a)g(v)-5 | |
9335 | b(alid)630 408 y(argumen)m(t)33 b(for)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-s)p | |
9336 | Ft(')h(option)g(to)g(the)g Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)i(command)f(\(see)i | |
495aee44 | 9337 | (Section)f(4.3.2)630 518 y([The)j(Shopt)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(57\).)60 |
0001803f CR |
9338 | b(The)36 b(options)h(app)s(earing)f(in)g Fs(BASHOPTS)e |
9339 | Ft(are)i(those)630 628 y(rep)s(orted)e(as)h(`)p Fs(on)p | |
9340 | Ft(')f(b)m(y)h(`)p Fs(shopt)p Ft('.)53 b(If)34 b(this)g(v)-5 | |
9341 | b(ariable)36 b(is)f(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(when)f(Bash)630 | |
9342 | 737 y(starts)25 b(up,)f(eac)m(h)i(shell)e(option)h(in)e(the)i(list)g | |
9343 | (will)f(b)s(e)g(enabled)g(b)s(efore)g(reading)g(an)m(y)g(startup)630 | |
9344 | 847 y(\014les.)41 b(This)29 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(readonly)-8 | |
495aee44 CR |
9345 | b(.)150 998 y Fs(BASHPID)144 b Ft(Expands)35 b(to)i(the)f(pro)s(cess)f |
9346 | (ID)i(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(Bash)g(pro)s(cess.)58 b(This)35 | |
9347 | b(di\013ers)h(from)g Fs($$)630 1107 y Ft(under)31 b(certain)j | |
0001803f CR |
9348 | (circumstances,)h(suc)m(h)e(as)g(subshells)f(that)i(do)f(not)g(require) |
9349 | g(Bash)g(to)h(b)s(e)630 1217 y(re-initialized.)150 1367 | |
9350 | y Fs(BASH_ALIASES)630 1477 y Ft(An)40 b(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d | |
9351 | (v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(corresp)s(ond)g(to)i(the)f | |
495aee44 CR |
9352 | (in)m(ternal)h(list)630 1587 y(of)c(aliases)h(as)f(main)m(tained)g(b)m |
9353 | (y)g(the)g Fs(alias)e Ft(builtin.)59 b(\(see)37 b(Section)h(4.1)f | |
9354 | ([Bourne)g(Shell)630 1696 y(Builtins],)f(page)e(37\).)53 | |
9355 | b(Elemen)m(ts)35 b(added)e(to)i(this)e(arra)m(y)i(app)s(ear)e(in)h(the) | |
9356 | g(alias)h(list;)i(un-)630 1806 y(setting)31 b(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(ts)h | |
9357 | (cause)f(aliases)h(to)f(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h(alias)g | |
9358 | (list.)150 1956 y Fs(BASH_ARGC)630 2066 y Ft(An)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 | |
17345e5a | 9359 | b(ariable)31 b(whose)f(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(are)g(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g |
0001803f | 9360 | (of)g(parameters)h(in)f(eac)m(h)h(frame)g(of)630 2176 |
17345e5a JA |
9361 | y(the)26 b(curren)m(t)f(bash)g(execution)i(call)g(stac)m(k.)41 |
9362 | b(The)25 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(parameters)g(to)g(the)g(curren)m(t) | |
0001803f | 9363 | 630 2285 y(subroutine)i(\(shell)i(function)g(or)f(script)g(executed)i |
17345e5a | 9364 | (with)e Fs(.)g Ft(or)h Fs(source)p Ft(\))e(is)h(at)h(the)g(top)g(of)630 |
0001803f | 9365 | 2395 y(the)37 b(stac)m(k.)63 b(When)37 b(a)h(subroutine)e(is)h |
17345e5a | 9366 | (executed,)j(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d(of)j(parameters)f(passed)630 |
0001803f | 9367 | 2504 y(is)g(pushed)f(on)m(to)i Fs(BASH_ARGC)p Ft(.)59 |
17345e5a | 9368 | b(The)37 b(shell)g(sets)h Fs(BASH_ARGC)c Ft(only)k(when)e(in)h |
0001803f | 9369 | (extended)630 2614 y(debugging)23 b(mo)s(de)f(\(see)h(Section)g(4.3.2)i |
495aee44 | 9370 | ([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)j(page)e(57)h(for)e(a)h(description)630 |
0001803f CR |
9371 | 2724 y(of)31 b(the)f Fs(extdebug)e Ft(option)j(to)g(the)g |
9372 | Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin\).)150 2874 y Fs(BASH_ARGV)630 | |
9373 | 2984 y Ft(An)24 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(con)m(taining)h(all)f | |
17345e5a | 9374 | (of)f(the)h(parameters)f(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(bash)g(execution)630 |
0001803f | 9375 | 3093 y(call)35 b(stac)m(k.)53 b(The)34 b(\014nal)g(parameter)g(of)g |
17345e5a | 9376 | (the)g(last)h(subroutine)e(call)i(is)f(at)h(the)f(top)h(of)f(the)630 |
0001803f | 9377 | 3203 y(stac)m(k;)28 b(the)c(\014rst)f(parameter)i(of)f(the)g(initial)i |
17345e5a | 9378 | (call)f(is)f(at)h(the)f(b)s(ottom.)39 b(When)24 b(a)g(subroutine)630 |
0001803f | 9379 | 3313 y(is)40 b(executed,)j(the)d(parameters)h(supplied)d(are)i(pushed)f |
17345e5a | 9380 | (on)m(to)i Fs(BASH_ARGV)p Ft(.)66 b(The)40 b(shell)630 |
0001803f | 9381 | 3422 y(sets)28 b Fs(BASH_ARGV)e Ft(only)i(when)f(in)h(extended)g |
17345e5a | 9382 | (debugging)g(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)630 |
495aee44 | 9383 | 3532 y(Shopt)i(Builtin],)h(page)g(57)g(for)f(a)h(description)f(of)h |
17345e5a | 9384 | (the)f Fs(extdebug)e Ft(option)j(to)g(the)f Fs(shopt)630 |
0001803f | 9385 | 3641 y Ft(builtin\).)150 3792 y Fs(BASH_CMDS)630 3902 |
17345e5a JA |
9386 | y Ft(An)i(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)i(arra)m(y)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 |
9387 | b(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(corresp)s(ond)g(to)i(the)f(in)m(ternal)h | |
0001803f | 9388 | (hash)630 4011 y(table)c(of)g(commands)f(as)g(main)m(tained)h(b)m(y)g |
17345e5a | 9389 | (the)f Fs(hash)f Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)h([Bourne)630 |
495aee44 | 9390 | 4121 y(Shell)23 b(Builtins],)j(page)e(37\).)40 b(Elemen)m(ts)24 |
17345e5a | 9391 | b(added)e(to)j(this)e(arra)m(y)h(app)s(ear)e(in)i(the)f(hash)g(table;) |
0001803f | 9392 | 630 4230 y(unsetting)30 b(arra)m(y)h(elemen)m(ts)h(cause)f(commands)f |
17345e5a | 9393 | (to)h(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h(hash)e(table.)150 |
0001803f | 9394 | 4381 y Fs(BASH_COMMAND)630 4491 y Ft(The)39 b(command)h(curren)m(tly)g |
17345e5a | 9395 | (b)s(eing)f(executed)i(or)e(ab)s(out)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(executed,)44 |
0001803f | 9396 | b(unless)39 b(the)630 4600 y(shell)g(is)g(executing)g(a)g(command)g(as) |
17345e5a | 9397 | g(the)f(result)h(of)g(a)g(trap,)i(in)d(whic)m(h)g(case)i(it)f(is)g(the) |
0001803f CR |
9398 | 630 4710 y(command)30 b(executing)i(at)f(the)f(time)h(of)g(the)g(trap.) |
9399 | 150 4861 y Fs(BASH_ENV)96 b Ft(If)28 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 | |
17345e5a | 9400 | b(is)e(set)h(when)f(Bash)g(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(to)f(execute)h(a)e |
0001803f | 9401 | (shell)h(script,)g(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)630 4970 |
17345e5a | 9402 | y(expanded)k(and)h(used)g(as)g(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)h(startup)f(\014le)g |
0001803f | 9403 | (to)h(read)f(b)s(efore)g(executing)i(the)630 5080 y(script.)41 |
495aee44 | 9404 | b(See)30 b(Section)h(6.2)h([Bash)f(Startup)e(Files],)j(page)f(75.)150 |
0001803f CR |
9405 | 5230 y Fs(BASH_EXECUTION_STRING)630 5340 y Ft(The)f(command)g(argumen)m |
9406 | (t)h(to)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(option.)p | |
17345e5a | 9407 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
9408 | %%Page: 65 71 |
9409 | TeXDict begin 65 70 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 | |
9410 | b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(65)150 299 y Fs(BASH_LINENO)630 | |
9411 | 408 y Ft(An)62 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)63 b(whose)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)e | |
9412 | (are)j(the)e(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(in)g(source)h(\014les)630 | |
9413 | 518 y(where)46 b(eac)m(h)i(corresp)s(onding)e(mem)m(b)s(er)f(of)i | |
9414 | Fq(FUNCNAME)53 b Ft(w)m(as)47 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)91 | |
9415 | b Fs(${BASH_)630 628 y(LINENO[$i]})39 b Ft(is)i(the)h(line)g(n)m(um)m | |
9416 | (b)s(er)e(in)i(the)f(source)h(\014le)g(\()p Fs(${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]})p | |
9417 | Ft(\))630 737 y(where)d Fs(${FUNCNAME[$i]})c Ft(w)m(as)k(called)i(\(or) | |
9418 | e Fs(${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]})34 b Ft(if)39 b(referenced)630 | |
9419 | 847 y(within)30 b(another)g(shell)h(function\).)41 b(Use)31 | |
9420 | b Fs(LINENO)d Ft(to)j(obtain)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
9421 | (er.)150 1002 y Fs(BASH_REMATCH)630 1112 y Ft(An)43 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 9422 | b(ariable)44 b(whose)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(are)h(assigned)g(b)m(y)f(the)h |
495aee44 | 9423 | (`)p Fs(=~)p Ft(')g(binary)f(op)s(erator)630 1221 y(to)37 |
0001803f | 9424 | b(the)f Fs([[)g Ft(conditional)i(command)e(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.4.2)i |
495aee44 | 9425 | ([Conditional)e(Constructs],)630 1331 y(page)e(10\).)52 |
0001803f | 9426 | b(The)33 b(elemen)m(t)j(with)d(index)g(0)i(is)f(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h |
495aee44 | 9427 | (the)g(string)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)630 1440 y(en)m(tire)29 |
0001803f CR |
9428 | b(regular)f(expression.)40 b(The)27 b(elemen)m(t)j(with)d(index)h |
9429 | Fq(n)f Ft(is)h(the)g(p)s(ortion)g(of)g(the)g(string)630 | |
495aee44 | 9430 | 1550 y(matc)m(hing)j(the)g Fq(n)p Ft(th)f(paren)m(thesized)h(sub)s |
0001803f | 9431 | (expression.)39 b(This)29 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(read-only)-8 |
495aee44 CR |
9432 | b(.)150 1705 y Fs(BASH_SOURCE)630 1815 y Ft(An)40 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 |
9433 | b(ariable)41 b(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(are)h(the)g(source)f | |
9434 | (\014lenames)h(where)f(the)g(corre-)630 1924 y(sp)s(onding)27 | |
9435 | b(shell)i(function)f(names)g(in)g(the)h Fs(FUNCNAME)d | |
9436 | Ft(arra)m(y)j(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(are)f(de\014ned.)38 | |
9437 | b(The)630 2034 y(shell)26 b(function)g Fs(${FUNCNAME[$i]})c | |
9438 | Ft(is)k(de\014ned)f(in)g(the)h(\014le)h Fs(${BASH_SOURCE[$i]})21 | |
9439 | b Ft(and)630 2144 y(called)32 b(from)d Fs(${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]})150 | |
9440 | 2299 y(BASH_SUBSHELL)630 2408 y Ft(Incremen)m(ted)34 | |
17345e5a | 9441 | b(b)m(y)h(one)f(eac)m(h)i(time)f(a)f(subshell)g(or)g(subshell)f(en)m |
495aee44 CR |
9442 | (vironmen)m(t)i(is)f(spa)m(wned.)630 2518 y(The)c(initial)h(v)-5 |
9443 | b(alue)31 b(is)g(0.)150 2673 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO)630 2783 | |
17345e5a | 9444 | y Ft(A)36 b(readonly)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(\(see)f(Section)h |
495aee44 CR |
9445 | (6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)e(82\))h(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)630 |
9446 | 2892 y(hold)c(v)m(ersion)h(information)f(for)g(this)g(instance)h(of)g | |
17345e5a | 9447 | (Bash.)46 b(The)32 b(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(assigned)h(to)g(the)630 |
495aee44 CR |
9448 | 3002 y(arra)m(y)e(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(are)i(as)g(follo)m(ws:)630 |
9449 | 3157 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[0])1110 3267 y Ft(The)f(ma)5 | |
17345e5a | 9450 | b(jor)30 b(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(\(the)i Fq(release)5 |
495aee44 | 9451 | b Ft(\).)630 3422 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[1])1110 3532 y Ft(The)30 |
17345e5a | 9452 | b(minor)g(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(\(the)i Fq(v)m(ersion)p |
495aee44 CR |
9453 | Ft(\).)630 3687 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[2])1110 3797 y Ft(The)f(patc)m(h)h |
9454 | (lev)m(el.)630 3952 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[3])1110 4061 y | |
9455 | Ft(The)f(build)f(v)m(ersion.)630 4217 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[4])1110 | |
9456 | 4326 y Ft(The)h(release)i(status)e(\(e.g.,)j Fq(b)s(eta1)7 | |
9457 | b Ft(\).)630 4482 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[5])1110 4591 y Ft(The)30 | |
9458 | b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs(MACHTYPE)p Ft(.)150 4746 y | |
9459 | Fs(BASH_VERSION)630 4856 y Ft(The)g(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h | |
9460 | (the)h(curren)m(t)f(instance)h(of)g(Bash.)150 5011 y | |
9461 | Fs(BASH_XTRACEFD)630 5121 y Ft(If)f(set)h(to)h(an)e(in)m(teger)i | |
0001803f | 9462 | (corresp)s(onding)e(to)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(\014le)g(descriptor,)g |
495aee44 | 9463 | (Bash)g(will)g(write)g(the)630 5230 y(trace)37 b(output)f(generated)h |
0001803f | 9464 | (when)f(`)p Fs(set)29 b(-x)p Ft(')36 b(is)g(enabled)h(to)g(that)f |
495aee44 | 9465 | (\014le)h(descriptor.)58 b(This)630 5340 y(allo)m(ws)29 |
0001803f | 9466 | b(tracing)h(output)d(to)i(b)s(e)f(separated)g(from)g(diagnostic)h(and)f |
495aee44 CR |
9467 | (error)f(messages.)41 b(The)p eop end |
9468 | %%Page: 66 72 | |
9469 | TeXDict begin 66 71 bop 150 -116 a Ft(66)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
9470 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(\014le)g(descriptor)f(is)h(closed)g | |
9471 | (when)f Fs(BASH_XTRACEFD)d Ft(is)k(unset)f(or)g(assigned)h(a)g(new)f(v) | |
9472 | -5 b(alue.)630 408 y(Unsetting)45 b Fs(BASH_XTRACEFD)40 | |
0001803f | 9473 | b Ft(or)k(assigning)g(it)g(the)g(empt)m(y)h(string)e(causes)i(the)f |
495aee44 | 9474 | (trace)630 518 y(output)33 b(to)i(b)s(e)d(sen)m(t)j(to)f(the)g |
0001803f | 9475 | (standard)e(error.)50 b(Note)35 b(that)g(setting)f Fs(BASH_XTRACEFD)c |
495aee44 | 9476 | Ft(to)630 628 y(2)39 b(\(the)h(standard)e(error)g(\014le)h |
0001803f | 9477 | (descriptor\))h(and)e(then)h(unsetting)g(it)g(will)g(result)g(in)g(the) |
495aee44 CR |
9478 | 630 737 y(standard)30 b(error)g(b)s(eing)f(closed.)150 |
9479 | 915 y Fs(COLUMNS)144 b Ft(Used)32 b(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(select)e | |
9480 | Ft(command)h(to)i(determine)f(the)f(terminal)i(width)d(when)h(prin)m | |
9481 | (ting)630 1025 y(selection)h(lists.)41 b(Automatically)33 | |
9482 | b(set)e(up)s(on)e(receipt)i(of)g(a)g Fs(SIGWINCH)p Ft(.)150 | |
9483 | 1203 y Fs(COMP_CWORD)630 1313 y Ft(An)38 b(index)g(in)m(to)h | |
17345e5a | 9484 | Fs(${COMP_WORDS})c Ft(of)k(the)g(w)m(ord)f(con)m(taining)i(the)e |
495aee44 | 9485 | (curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s(o-)630 1422 y(sition.)72 b(This)40 |
17345e5a JA |
9486 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)43 b(only)e(in)f(shell)h |
9487 | (functions)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(the)h(pro-)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
9488 | 1532 y(grammable)36 b(completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)e(Section)g(8.6)g |
9489 | ([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 1641 y(page)31 b(117\).)150 | |
9490 | 1819 y Fs(COMP_LINE)630 1929 y Ft(The)38 b(curren)m(t)h(command)f | |
0001803f | 9491 | (line.)66 b(This)37 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 9492 | b(ailable)41 b(only)d(in)h(shell)f(functions)630 2039 |
0001803f | 9493 | y(and)25 b(external)h(commands)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
9494 | (programmable)f(completion)i(facilities)g(\(see)630 2148 |
9495 | y(Section)k(8.6)h([Programmable)f(Completion],)g(page)g(117\).)150 | |
9496 | 2326 y Fs(COMP_POINT)630 2436 y Ft(The)25 b(index)g(of)h(the)g(curren)m | |
17345e5a | 9497 | (t)f(cursor)g(p)s(osition)h(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of) |
495aee44 | 9498 | g(the)h(curren)m(t)630 2545 y(command.)40 b(If)27 b(the)h(curren)m(t)g |
17345e5a | 9499 | (cursor)g(p)s(osition)g(is)g(at)g(the)g(end)g(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g |
495aee44 | 9500 | (command,)630 2655 y(the)i(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)g(this)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a JA |
9501 | b(ariable)31 b(is)f(equal)g(to)h Fs(${#COMP_LINE})p Ft(.)37 |
9502 | b(This)29 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
9503 | 2765 y(only)36 b(in)f(shell)h(functions)f(and)g(external)h(commands)g |
9504 | (in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(the)h(programmable)630 2874 | |
17345e5a | 9505 | y(completion)c(facilities)g(\(see)g(Section)f(8.6)g([Programmable)g |
495aee44 CR |
9506 | (Completion],)h(page)f(117\).)150 3052 y Fs(COMP_TYPE)630 |
9507 | 3162 y Ft(Set)c(to)h(an)f(in)m(teger)h(v)-5 b(alue)28 | |
17345e5a | 9508 | b(corresp)s(onding)e(to)h(the)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f(of)g(completion)h |
495aee44 | 9509 | (attempted)g(that)630 3271 y(caused)e(a)g(completion)i(function)d(to)i |
0001803f | 9510 | (b)s(e)e(called:)40 b Fq(T)-8 b(AB)5 b Ft(,)27 b(for)f(normal)g |
495aee44 | 9511 | (completion,)i(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(',)f(for)630 3381 y(listing)35 |
17345e5a JA |
9512 | b(completions)h(after)f(successiv)m(e)g(tabs,)h(`)p Fs(!)p |
9513 | Ft(',)g(for)e(listing)h(alternativ)m(es)i(on)d(partial)630 | |
495aee44 | 9514 | 3491 y(w)m(ord)22 b(completion,)k(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)f(to)e(list)g |
17345e5a | 9515 | (completions)h(if)f(the)g(w)m(ord)f(is)h(not)g(unmo)s(di\014ed,)f(or)h |
495aee44 | 9516 | (`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(',)h(for)630 3600 y(men)m(u)i(completion.)41 |
17345e5a JA |
9517 | b(This)25 b(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)28 |
9518 | b(only)f(in)f(shell)g(functions)g(and)g(external)630 | |
495aee44 | 9519 | 3710 y(commands)32 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(the)g(programmable)h |
17345e5a | 9520 | (completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)e(Section)g(8.6)630 |
495aee44 CR |
9521 | 3819 y([Programmable)e(Completion],)h(page)f(117\).)150 |
9522 | 3998 y Fs(COMP_KEY)96 b Ft(The)29 b(k)m(ey)i(\(or)g(\014nal)e(k)m(ey)i | |
17345e5a | 9523 | (of)f(a)g(k)m(ey)h(sequence\))g(used)e(to)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h(the)e |
495aee44 CR |
9524 | (curren)m(t)g(completion)630 4107 y(function.)150 4285 |
9525 | y Fs(COMP_WORDBREAKS)630 4395 y Ft(The)f(set)i(of)e(c)m(haracters)j | |
17345e5a | 9526 | (that)e(the)g(Readline)g(library)g(treats)g(as)g(w)m(ord)g(separators)g |
495aee44 | 9527 | (when)630 4504 y(p)s(erforming)i(w)m(ord)h(completion.)51 |
17345e5a | 9528 | b(If)33 b Fs(COMP_WORDBREAKS)c Ft(is)34 b(unset,)g(it)f(loses)i(its)e |
495aee44 | 9529 | (sp)s(ecial)630 4614 y(prop)s(erties,)d(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)g |
0001803f CR |
9530 | (subsequen)m(tly)f(reset.)150 4792 y Fs(COMP_WORDS)630 |
9531 | 4902 y Ft(An)36 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(consisting)g(of)f(the) | |
17345e5a | 9532 | g(individual)f(w)m(ords)h(in)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g(command)630 |
0001803f CR |
9533 | 5011 y(line.)94 b(The)47 b(line)i(is)f(split)g(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)e(as) |
9534 | h(Readline)h(w)m(ould)f(split)g(it,)53 b(using)47 b Fs(COMP_)630 | |
9535 | 5121 y(WORDBREAKS)34 b Ft(as)i(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)60 | |
9536 | b(This)36 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)39 | |
9537 | b(only)e(in)f(shell)h(func-)630 5230 y(tions)32 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(b) | |
9538 | m(y)d(the)i(programmable)f(completion)h(facilities)h(\(see)f(Section)g | |
495aee44 | 9539 | (8.6)g([Pro-)630 5340 y(grammable)e(Completion],)g(page)g(117\).)p |
0001803f | 9540 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
9541 | %%Page: 67 73 |
9542 | TeXDict begin 67 72 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 | |
9543 | b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(67)150 299 y Fs(COMPREPLY)630 | |
0001803f CR |
9544 | 408 y Ft(An)37 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(from)f(whic)m(h)g(Bash) |
9545 | g(reads)g(the)h(p)s(ossible)e(completions)j(generated)630 | |
9546 | 518 y(b)m(y)33 b(a)g(shell)h(function)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(the) | |
9547 | g(programmable)h(completion)g(facilit)m(y)h(\(see)f(Sec-)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
9548 | 628 y(tion)d(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)h(page)f(117\).)150 |
9549 | 789 y Fs(COPROC)192 b Ft(An)27 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 | |
9550 | b(created)g(to)f(hold)g(the)g(\014le)g(descriptors)g(for)g(output)f | |
9551 | (from)h(and)f(input)630 899 y(to)31 b(an)f(unnamed)f(copro)s(cess)i | |
9552 | (\(see)g(Section)h(3.2.5)g([Copro)s(cesses],)f(page)g(14\).)150 | |
9553 | 1061 y Fs(DIRSTACK)96 b Ft(An)26 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)28 | |
17345e5a | 9554 | b(con)m(taining)g(the)f(curren)m(t)f(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(of)e(the)f |
495aee44 | 9555 | (directory)i(stac)m(k.)41 b(Direc-)630 1170 y(tories)33 |
17345e5a JA |
9556 | b(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h(stac)m(k)h(in)e(the)h(order)f(they)h(are)g |
9557 | (displa)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(dirs)e Ft(builtin.)630 | |
495aee44 | 9558 | 1280 y(Assigning)f(to)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(this)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 9559 | b(ariable)31 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(mo)s(dify)e(directories)630 |
495aee44 | 9560 | 1390 y(already)41 b(in)f(the)h(stac)m(k,)k(but)40 b(the)h |
17345e5a | 9561 | Fs(pushd)e Ft(and)h Fs(popd)f Ft(builtins)h(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(used)h |
495aee44 | 9562 | (to)i(add)630 1499 y(and)37 b(remo)m(v)m(e)h(directories.)63 |
17345e5a | 9563 | b(Assignmen)m(t)37 b(to)h(this)f(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(will)g(not)f(c)m |
495aee44 | 9564 | (hange)i(the)e(cur-)630 1609 y(ren)m(t)c(directory)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
9565 | b(.)47 b(If)32 b Fs(DIRSTACK)e Ft(is)i(unset,)g(it)h(loses)g(its)g(sp)s |
9566 | (ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)f(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)630 | |
495aee44 | 9567 | 1718 y(subsequen)m(tly)d(reset.)150 1880 y Fs(EMACS)240 |
17345e5a JA |
9568 | b Ft(If)31 b(Bash)h(\014nds)d(this)j(v)-5 b(ariable)32 |
9569 | b(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(when)e(the)i(shell)f(starts)h(with)f | |
495aee44 CR |
9570 | (v)-5 b(alue)630 1990 y(`)p Fs(t)p Ft(',)36 b(it)f(assumes)f(that)h |
9571 | (the)g(shell)f(is)h(running)e(in)h(an)g(Emacs)h(shell)g(bu\013er)e(and) | |
9572 | h(disables)630 2099 y(line)d(editing.)150 2261 y Fs(ENV)336 | |
9573 | b Ft(Similar)35 b(to)g Fs(BASH_ENV)p Ft(;)h(used)e(when)g(the)h(shell)g | |
9574 | (is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(in)e Fl(posix)h Ft(Mo)s(de)g(\(see)g(Sec-)630 | |
9575 | 2371 y(tion)c(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(86\).)150 | |
9576 | 2532 y Fs(EUID)288 b Ft(The)30 b(n)m(umeric)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d | |
9577 | (id)g(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(user.)40 b(This)30 b(v)-5 | |
9578 | b(ariable)31 b(is)f(readonly)-8 b(.)150 2694 y Fs(FCEDIT)192 | |
9579 | b Ft(The)30 b(editor)h(used)e(as)i(a)g(default)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(`)p | |
17345e5a | 9580 | Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)g(the)g Fs(fc)f Ft(builtin)g(command.)150 |
495aee44 | 9581 | 2856 y Fs(FIGNORE)144 b Ft(A)35 b(colon-separated)i(list)f(of)g |
17345e5a | 9582 | (su\016xes)e(to)i(ignore)g(when)e(p)s(erforming)g(\014lename)i(comple-) |
495aee44 | 9583 | 630 2966 y(tion.)j(A)25 b(\014le)g(name)g(whose)f(su\016x)g(matc)m(hes) |
0001803f | 9584 | i(one)f(of)g(the)g(en)m(tries)g(in)g Fs(FIGNORE)d Ft(is)j(excluded)630 |
495aee44 | 9585 | 3075 y(from)30 b(the)g(list)h(of)g(matc)m(hed)g(\014le)g(names.)40 |
17345e5a | 9586 | b(A)31 b(sample)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(`)p Fs(.o:~)p |
495aee44 | 9587 | Ft(')150 3237 y Fs(FUNCNAME)96 b Ft(An)35 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 9588 | b(ariable)36 b(con)m(taining)h(the)f(names)g(of)g(all)g(shell)g |
495aee44 | 9589 | (functions)g(curren)m(tly)f(in)h(the)630 3346 y(execution)g(call)h |
17345e5a | 9590 | (stac)m(k.)57 b(The)34 b(elemen)m(t)j(with)e(index)g(0)h(is)f(the)g |
495aee44 CR |
9591 | (name)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(curren)m(tly-)630 3456 y(executing)f(shell)f |
9592 | (function.)51 b(The)34 b(b)s(ottom-most)h(elemen)m(t)g(\(the)g(one)f | |
9593 | (with)g(the)g(highest)630 3566 y(index\))e(is)h Fs("main")p | |
9594 | Ft(.)44 b(This)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(exists)g(only)g(when)e(a)i | |
9595 | (shell)f(function)g(is)g(executing.)630 3675 y(Assignmen)m(ts)23 | |
9596 | b(to)h Fs(FUNCNAME)c Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)k(no)f(e\013ect)h(and)e(return)g(an) | |
9597 | g(error)g(status.)39 b(If)22 b Fs(FUNCNAME)630 3785 y | |
9598 | Ft(is)30 b(unset,)h(it)g(loses)g(its)f(sp)s(ecial)h(prop)s(erties,)f | |
9599 | (ev)m(en)h(if)g(it)g(is)f(subsequen)m(tly)g(reset.)630 | |
9600 | 3921 y(This)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(with)g | |
9601 | Fs(BASH_LINENO)d Ft(and)j Fs(BASH_SOURCE)p Ft(.)40 b(Eac)m(h)32 | |
9602 | b(elemen)m(t)630 4030 y(of)g Fs(FUNCNAME)d Ft(has)j(corresp)s(onding)e | |
9603 | (elemen)m(ts)j(in)f Fs(BASH_LINENO)c Ft(and)k Fs(BASH_SOURCE)c | |
9604 | Ft(to)630 4140 y(describ)s(e)39 b(the)h(call)h(stac)m(k.)70 | |
9605 | b(F)-8 b(or)41 b(instance,)i Fs(${FUNCNAME[$i]})35 b | |
9606 | Ft(w)m(as)41 b(called)f(from)g(the)630 4249 y(\014le)27 | |
9607 | b Fs(${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]})21 b Ft(at)27 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d | |
9608 | Fs(${BASH_LINENO[$i]})p Ft(.)34 b(The)27 b Fs(caller)630 | |
9609 | 4359 y Ft(builtin)j(displa)m(ys)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(call)i(stac)m(k)g | |
9610 | (using)d(this)i(information.)150 4521 y Fs(FUNCNEST)96 | |
9611 | b Ft(If)34 b(set)i(to)f(a)h(n)m(umeric)e(v)-5 b(alue)36 | |
9612 | b(greater)g(than)e(0,)j(de\014nes)d(a)h(maxim)m(um)g(function)g | |
9613 | (nesting)630 4630 y(lev)m(el.)42 b(F)-8 b(unction)29 | |
9614 | b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cations)h(that)f(exceed)h(this)e(nesting)h(lev)m(el)h | |
9615 | (will)f(cause)g(the)f(curren)m(t)630 4740 y(command)i(to)h(ab)s(ort.) | |
9616 | 150 4902 y Fs(GLOBIGNORE)630 5011 y Ft(A)38 b(colon-separated)i(list)f | |
9617 | (of)f(patterns)g(de\014ning)f(the)h(set)g(of)h(\014lenames)f(to)g(b)s | |
9618 | (e)g(ignored)630 5121 y(b)m(y)31 b(\014lename)g(expansion.)43 | |
9619 | b(If)31 b(a)h(\014lename)f(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(a)g(\014lename)h | |
9620 | (expansion)f(pattern)630 5230 y(also)i(matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)g(the)g | |
9621 | (patterns)g(in)f Fs(GLOBIGNORE)p Ft(,)f(it)i(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from) | |
9622 | e(the)h(list)h(of)630 5340 y(matc)m(hes.)p eop end | |
9623 | %%Page: 68 74 | |
9624 | TeXDict begin 68 73 bop 150 -116 a Ft(68)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
9625 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(GROUPS)192 b Ft(An)36 | |
17345e5a JA |
9626 | b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(con)m(taining)g(the)f(list)h(of)f |
9627 | (groups)g(of)g(whic)m(h)f(the)i(curren)m(t)e(user)h(is)g(a)630 | |
495aee44 | 9628 | 408 y(mem)m(b)s(er.)47 b(Assignmen)m(ts)33 b(to)g Fs(GROUPS)e |
17345e5a | 9629 | Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)j(no)f(e\013ect)h(and)e(return)g(an)g(error)g(status.)48 |
495aee44 | 9630 | b(If)630 518 y Fs(GROUPS)29 b Ft(is)h(unset,)g(it)h(loses)g(its)g(sp)s |
17345e5a | 9631 | (ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)f(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)g(subsequen)m(tly)f |
495aee44 | 9632 | (reset.)150 682 y Fs(histchars)630 792 y Ft(Up)c(to)g(three)g(c)m |
17345e5a | 9633 | (haracters)i(whic)m(h)d(con)m(trol)j(history)d(expansion,)i(quic)m(k)g |
495aee44 CR |
9634 | (substitution,)g(and)630 902 y(tok)m(enization)k(\(see)f(Section)f(9.3) |
9635 | h([History)f(In)m(teraction],)i(page)f(127\).)41 b(The)29 | |
9636 | b(\014rst)e(c)m(harac-)630 1011 y(ter)j(is)f(the)g Fq(history)g | |
9637 | (expansion)g Ft(c)m(haracter,)j(that)e(is,)f(the)h(c)m(haracter)h(whic) | |
9638 | m(h)d(signi\014es)i(the)630 1121 y(start)25 b(of)f(a)h(history)f | |
9639 | (expansion,)i(normally)e(`)p Fs(!)p Ft('.)39 b(The)24 | |
9640 | b(second)g(c)m(haracter)i(is)e(the)g(c)m(haracter)630 | |
9641 | 1230 y(whic)m(h)36 b(signi\014es)g(`quic)m(k)h(substitution')f(when)f | |
17345e5a | 9642 | (seen)h(as)g(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(on)e(a)g(line,)630 |
495aee44 | 9643 | 1340 y(normally)27 b(`)p Fs(^)p Ft('.)39 b(The)26 b(optional)i(third)d |
17345e5a | 9644 | (c)m(haracter)j(is)e(the)h(c)m(haracter)h(whic)m(h)e(indicates)h(that) |
495aee44 | 9645 | 630 1450 y(the)34 b(remainder)f(of)h(the)g(line)g(is)f(a)h(commen)m(t)h |
17345e5a | 9646 | (when)e(found)f(as)i(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)f(a)630 |
495aee44 | 9647 | 1559 y(w)m(ord,)i(usually)f(`)p Fs(#)p Ft('.)55 b(The)34 |
17345e5a | 9648 | b(history)h(commen)m(t)h(c)m(haracter)h(causes)e(history)g |
495aee44 | 9649 | (substitution)630 1669 y(to)27 b(b)s(e)f(skipp)s(ed)f(for)i(the)f |
17345e5a | 9650 | (remaining)h(w)m(ords)f(on)h(the)f(line.)40 b(It)27 b(do)s(es)f(not)h |
495aee44 CR |
9651 | (necessarily)g(cause)630 1778 y(the)k(shell)f(parser)g(to)h(treat)g |
9652 | (the)g(rest)g(of)f(the)h(line)f(as)h(a)g(commen)m(t.)150 | |
9653 | 1943 y Fs(HISTCMD)144 b Ft(The)35 b(history)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)g(or)f | |
9654 | (index)g(in)h(the)g(history)f(list,)j(of)e(the)g(curren)m(t)f(command.) | |
9655 | 56 b(If)630 2052 y Fs(HISTCMD)28 b Ft(is)h(unset,)h(it)g(loses)h(its)f | |
9656 | (sp)s(ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)g(ev)m(en)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(subsequen)m | |
9657 | (tly)f(reset.)150 2217 y Fs(HISTCONTROL)630 2326 y Ft(A)40 | |
9658 | b(colon-separated)i(list)f(of)f(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(con)m(trolling)i(ho)m | |
9659 | (w)e(commands)g(are)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)f(the)630 2436 | |
9660 | y(history)29 b(list.)41 b(If)28 b(the)h(list)h(of)f(v)-5 | |
9661 | b(alues)29 b(includes)f(`)p Fs(ignorespace)p Ft(',)f(lines)i(whic)m(h)g | |
9662 | (b)s(egin)f(with)630 2545 y(a)39 b(space)g(c)m(haracter)i(are)e(not)g | |
9663 | (sa)m(v)m(ed)g(in)g(the)g(history)f(list.)66 b(A)39 b(v)-5 | |
9664 | b(alue)39 b(of)g(`)p Fs(ignoredups)p Ft(')630 2655 y(causes)34 | |
9665 | b(lines)h(whic)m(h)f(matc)m(h)h(the)f(previous)f(history)h(en)m(try)h | |
9666 | (to)g(not)f(b)s(e)f(sa)m(v)m(ed.)53 b(A)34 b(v)-5 b(alue)630 | |
9667 | 2765 y(of)32 b(`)p Fs(ignoreboth)p Ft(')d(is)j(shorthand)e(for)i(`)p | |
9668 | Fs(ignorespace)p Ft(')d(and)i(`)p Fs(ignoredups)p Ft('.)42 | |
9669 | b(A)32 b(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)630 2874 y(`)p Fs(erasedups)p | |
9670 | Ft(')f(causes)i(all)h(previous)f(lines)g(matc)m(hing)h(the)f(curren)m | |
9671 | (t)g(line)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)630 2984 y(from)42 | |
9672 | b(the)h(history)f(list)i(b)s(efore)e(that)h(line)g(is)g(sa)m(v)m(ed.)78 | |
9673 | b(An)m(y)43 b(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(not)g(in)f(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)630 | |
9674 | 3093 y(list)35 b(is)g(ignored.)53 b(If)34 b Fs(HISTCONTROL)e | |
9675 | Ft(is)i(unset,)i(or)e(do)s(es)h(not)g(include)f(a)h(v)-5 | |
9676 | b(alid)35 b(v)-5 b(alue,)36 b(all)630 3203 y(lines)30 | |
17345e5a JA |
9677 | b(read)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(shell)g(parser)g(are)g(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(on)f(the)g |
9678 | (history)g(list,)h(sub)5 b(ject)30 b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 9679 | b(alue)630 3313 y(of)42 b Fs(HISTIGNORE)p Ft(.)73 b(The)42 |
17345e5a | 9680 | b(second)g(and)g(subsequen)m(t)f(lines)h(of)h(a)f(m)m(ulti-line)h(comp) |
495aee44 | 9681 | s(ound)630 3422 y(command)33 b(are)h(not)g(tested,)i(and)d(are)h(added) |
0001803f | 9682 | f(to)h(the)g(history)g(regardless)g(of)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)630 |
495aee44 | 9683 | 3532 y(of)31 b Fs(HISTCONTROL)p Ft(.)150 3696 y Fs(HISTFILE)96 |
0001803f CR |
9684 | b Ft(The)27 b(name)h(of)g(the)g(\014le)g(to)h(whic)m(h)f(the)g(command) |
9685 | f(history)h(is)g(sa)m(v)m(ed.)41 b(The)27 b(default)h(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
9686 | b(alue)630 3806 y(is)30 b(`)p Fs(~/.bash_history)p Ft('.)150 |
9687 | 3970 y Fs(HISTFILESIZE)630 4080 y Ft(The)c(maxim)m(um)f(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
0001803f | 9688 | (er)g(of)h(lines)h(con)m(tained)g(in)f(the)g(history)g(\014le.)39 |
495aee44 | 9689 | b(When)26 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)630 4189 y(is)33 b(assigned)h(a)g(v) |
17345e5a JA |
9690 | -5 b(alue,)35 b(the)f(history)f(\014le)g(is)h(truncated,)g(if)g |
9691 | (necessary)-8 b(,)35 b(b)m(y)e(remo)m(ving)i(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 9692 | 4299 y(oldest)29 b(en)m(tries,)g(to)g(con)m(tain)g(no)f(more)g(than)f |
17345e5a | 9693 | (that)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(lines.)40 b(The)27 b(history)h(\014le)g |
495aee44 | 9694 | (is)630 4408 y(also)33 b(truncated)e(to)h(this)g(size)g(after)g |
17345e5a | 9695 | (writing)g(it)g(when)f(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(shell)c(exits.)45 |
495aee44 CR |
9696 | b(The)630 4518 y(default)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)h(500.)150 |
9697 | 4682 y Fs(HISTIGNORE)630 4792 y Ft(A)i(colon-separated)h(list)f(of)g | |
17345e5a | 9698 | (patterns)f(used)g(to)h(decide)g(whic)m(h)f(command)g(lines)h(should) |
495aee44 | 9699 | 630 4902 y(b)s(e)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(on)g(the)f(history)h(list.)47 |
17345e5a | 9700 | b(Eac)m(h)33 b(pattern)g(is)f(anc)m(hored)h(at)g(the)f(b)s(eginning)g |
495aee44 | 9701 | (of)h(the)630 5011 y(line)43 b(and)e(m)m(ust)h(matc)m(h)h(the)g |
17345e5a | 9702 | (complete)h(line)e(\(no)h(implicit)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')f(is)g(app)s |
495aee44 | 9703 | (ended\).)75 b(Eac)m(h)630 5121 y(pattern)42 b(is)g(tested)g(against)h |
17345e5a | 9704 | (the)f(line)g(after)g(the)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h |
495aee44 | 9705 | Fs(HISTCONTROL)630 5230 y Ft(are)37 b(applied.)59 b(In)36 |
17345e5a | 9706 | b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(normal)g(shell)f(pattern)h(matc)m(hing)h(c)m |
495aee44 | 9707 | (haracters,)i(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')630 5340 y(matc)m(hes)d(the)f(previous)g |
17345e5a | 9708 | (history)g(line.)57 b(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')36 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(escap)s(ed) |
495aee44 CR |
9709 | h(using)g(a)g(bac)m(kslash;)k(the)p eop end |
9710 | %%Page: 69 75 | |
9711 | TeXDict begin 69 74 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 | |
9712 | b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(69)630 299 y(bac)m(kslash)34 | |
17345e5a | 9713 | b(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(b)s(efore)e(attempting)i(a)g(matc)m(h.)51 |
495aee44 | 9714 | b(The)34 b(second)f(and)h(subsequen)m(t)630 408 y(lines)e(of)h(a)g(m)m |
17345e5a | 9715 | (ulti-line)g(comp)s(ound)e(command)h(are)h(not)f(tested,)i(and)e(are)g |
495aee44 CR |
9716 | (added)g(to)h(the)630 518 y(history)d(regardless)h(of)g(the)f(v)-5 |
9717 | b(alue)31 b(of)g Fs(HISTIGNORE)p Ft(.)630 649 y Fs(HISTIGNORE)20 | |
17345e5a JA |
9718 | b Ft(subsumes)g(the)j(function)f(of)h Fs(HISTCONTROL)p |
9719 | Ft(.)35 b(A)23 b(pattern)f(of)h(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')g(is)f(iden)m(tical)630 | |
495aee44 | 9720 | 758 y(to)k Fs(ignoredups)p Ft(,)e(and)h(a)h(pattern)g(of)f(`)p |
17345e5a | 9721 | Fs([)31 b(]*)p Ft(')25 b(is)h(iden)m(tical)h(to)f Fs(ignorespace)p |
495aee44 | 9722 | Ft(.)36 b(Com)m(bining)630 868 y(these)30 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(patterns,)f |
17345e5a | 9723 | (separating)g(them)g(with)f(a)h(colon,)h(pro)m(vides)e(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
9724 | (functionalit)m(y)h(of)630 977 y Fs(ignoreboth)p Ft(.)150 |
9725 | 1129 y Fs(HISTSIZE)96 b Ft(The)42 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i | |
17345e5a | 9726 | (commands)e(to)j(remem)m(b)s(er)d(on)h(the)h(history)f(list.)77 |
495aee44 CR |
9727 | b(The)630 1238 y(default)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)h(500.)150 |
9728 | 1390 y Fs(HISTTIMEFORMAT)630 1499 y Ft(If)44 b(this)g(v)-5 | |
17345e5a JA |
9729 | b(ariable)45 b(is)f(set)g(and)g(not)g(n)m(ull,)k(its)d(v)-5 |
9730 | b(alue)44 b(is)g(used)g(as)g(a)h(format)f(string)g(for)630 | |
495aee44 | 9731 | 1609 y Fq(strftime)c Ft(to)35 b(prin)m(t)f(the)h(time)g(stamp)f(asso)s |
17345e5a | 9732 | (ciated)i(with)f(eac)m(h)g(history)g(en)m(try)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)630 |
495aee44 | 9733 | 1718 y(b)m(y)g(the)f Fs(history)f Ft(builtin.)50 b(If)33 |
17345e5a | 9734 | b(this)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)g(set,)h(time)f(stamps)g(are)g(written) |
495aee44 | 9735 | f(to)i(the)630 1828 y(history)26 b(\014le)g(so)g(they)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e) |
17345e5a | 9736 | e(preserv)m(ed)g(across)i(shell)f(sessions.)39 b(This)25 |
495aee44 CR |
9737 | b(uses)h(the)g(history)630 1937 y(commen)m(t)31 b(c)m(haracter)h(to)f |
9738 | (distinguish)f(timestamps)h(from)f(other)g(history)h(lines.)150 | |
9739 | 2089 y Fs(HOSTFILE)96 b Ft(Con)m(tains)39 b(the)f(name)g(of)h(a)g | |
9740 | (\014le)f(in)g(the)g(same)h(format)g(as)f(`)p Fs(/etc/hosts)p | |
9741 | Ft(')e(that)j(should)630 2198 y(b)s(e)i(read)h(when)f(the)i(shell)f | |
9742 | (needs)f(to)i(complete)h(a)e(hostname.)76 b(The)42 b(list)g(of)g(p)s | |
9743 | (ossible)630 2308 y(hostname)26 b(completions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)d(c)m | |
9744 | (hanged)j(while)e(the)h(shell)g(is)f(running;)h(the)g(next)f(time)630 | |
9745 | 2418 y(hostname)37 b(completion)i(is)e(attempted)h(after)g(the)f(v)-5 | |
17345e5a | 9746 | b(alue)37 b(is)h(c)m(hanged,)h(Bash)e(adds)g(the)630 |
495aee44 | 9747 | 2527 y(con)m(ten)m(ts)43 b(of)f(the)f(new)g(\014le)h(to)g(the)f |
0001803f | 9748 | (existing)i(list.)74 b(If)41 b Fs(HOSTFILE)e Ft(is)i(set,)k(but)c(has)g |
495aee44 | 9749 | (no)630 2637 y(v)-5 b(alue,)29 b(or)e(do)s(es)h(not)g(name)f(a)h |
0001803f | 9750 | (readable)g(\014le,)h(Bash)f(attempts)g(to)g(read)g(`)p |
495aee44 | 9751 | Fs(/etc/hosts)p Ft(')d(to)630 2746 y(obtain)j(the)g(list)h(of)f(p)s |
0001803f | 9752 | (ossible)f(hostname)h(completions.)41 b(When)28 b Fs(HOSTFILE)e |
495aee44 CR |
9753 | Ft(is)i(unset,)g(the)630 2856 y(hostname)j(list)g(is)f(cleared.)150 |
9754 | 3007 y Fs(HOSTNAME)96 b Ft(The)30 b(name)g(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)h | |
9755 | (host.)150 3159 y Fs(HOSTTYPE)96 b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(describing)f(the) | |
9756 | g(mac)m(hine)h(Bash)g(is)f(running)f(on.)150 3310 y Fs(IGNOREEOF)630 | |
9757 | 3420 y Ft(Con)m(trols)e(the)h(action)g(of)f(the)g(shell)g(on)g(receipt) | |
17345e5a | 9758 | h(of)f(an)g Fs(EOF)f Ft(c)m(haracter)i(as)g(the)f(sole)h(input.)630 |
495aee44 | 9759 | 3529 y(If)i(set,)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(denotes)f(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s |
17345e5a | 9760 | (er)f(of)h(consecutiv)m(e)i Fs(EOF)d Ft(c)m(haracters)i(that)f(can)h(b) |
495aee44 | 9761 | s(e)630 3639 y(read)40 b(as)f(the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(on)f(an)f |
0001803f | 9762 | (input)g(line)h(b)s(efore)f(the)h(shell)g(will)g(exit.)70 |
495aee44 | 9763 | b(If)39 b(the)630 3748 y(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(exists)f(but)f(do)s(es)g |
0001803f | 9764 | (not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)g(n)m(umeric)e(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(\(or)h(has)e(no)h |
495aee44 | 9765 | (v)-5 b(alue\))37 b(then)g(the)630 3858 y(default)31 |
0001803f CR |
9766 | b(is)g(10.)43 b(If)30 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(do)s(es)g(not)g |
9767 | (exist,)h(then)e Fs(EOF)g Ft(signi\014es)h(the)g(end)f(of)h(input)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
9768 | 3968 y(to)g(the)g(shell.)41 b(This)29 b(is)i(only)f(in)g(e\013ect)i |
9769 | (for)e(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)150 4119 y Fs(INPUTRC)144 | |
17345e5a | 9770 | b Ft(The)68 b(name)h(of)f(the)h(Readline)g(initialization)j(\014le,)78 |
495aee44 CR |
9771 | b(o)m(v)m(erriding)69 b(the)g(default)g(of)630 4228 y(`)p |
9772 | Fs(~/.inputrc)p Ft('.)150 4380 y Fs(LANG)288 b Ft(Used)28 | |
17345e5a | 9773 | b(to)h(determine)f(the)g(lo)s(cale)h(category)h(for)e(an)m(y)h |
495aee44 | 9774 | (category)h(not)e(sp)s(eci\014cally)g(selected)630 4489 |
17345e5a | 9775 | y(with)i(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(starting)g(with)f Fs(LC_)p |
495aee44 | 9776 | Ft(.)150 4641 y Fs(LC_ALL)192 b Ft(This)28 b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 |
17345e5a JA |
9777 | b(o)m(v)m(errides)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)g Fs(LANG)f |
9778 | Ft(and)g(an)m(y)h(other)g Fs(LC_)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)29 | |
495aee44 CR |
9779 | b(sp)s(ecifying)630 4750 y(a)i(lo)s(cale)h(category)-8 |
9780 | b(.)150 4902 y Fs(LC_COLLATE)630 5011 y Ft(This)37 b(v)-5 | |
17345e5a | 9781 | b(ariable)38 b(determines)g(the)g(collation)i(order)d(used)g(when)f |
495aee44 | 9782 | (sorting)i(the)g(results)g(of)630 5121 y(\014lename)e(expansion,)i(and) |
17345e5a | 9783 | e(determines)g(the)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)g(range)h(expressions,)h |
495aee44 | 9784 | (equiv-)630 5230 y(alence)e(classes,)h(and)e(collating)i(sequences)e |
17345e5a | 9785 | (within)f(\014lename)h(expansion)g(and)f(pattern)630 |
495aee44 CR |
9786 | 5340 y(matc)m(hing)d(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)g(Expansion],) |
9787 | e(page)h(25\).)p eop end | |
9788 | %%Page: 70 76 | |
9789 | TeXDict begin 70 75 bop 150 -116 a Ft(70)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
9790 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(LC_CTYPE)96 b Ft(This)36 | |
17345e5a | 9791 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(determines)f(the)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)f(c)m |
495aee44 | 9792 | (haracters)h(and)e(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(of)630 408 |
17345e5a | 9793 | y(c)m(haracter)46 b(classes)g(within)e(\014lename)h(expansion)g(and)f |
495aee44 CR |
9794 | (pattern)h(matc)m(hing)h(\(see)f(Sec-)630 518 y(tion)31 |
9795 | b(3.5.8)h([Filename)g(Expansion],)e(page)h(25\).)150 | |
9796 | 679 y Fs(LC_MESSAGES)630 788 y Ft(This)25 b(v)-5 b(ariable)27 | |
17345e5a | 9797 | b(determines)f(the)g(lo)s(cale)i(used)d(to)i(translate)g(double-quoted) |
495aee44 | 9798 | f(strings)g(pre-)630 898 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p |
17345e5a | 9799 | Fs($)p Ft(')f(\(see)h(Section)h(3.1.2.5)g([Lo)s(cale)g(T)-8 |
495aee44 CR |
9800 | b(ranslation],)32 b(page)f(7\).)150 1059 y Fs(LC_NUMERIC)630 |
9801 | 1168 y Ft(This)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(determines)f(the)h(lo)s(cale)h | |
17345e5a | 9802 | (category)g(used)e(for)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(formatting.)150 |
495aee44 | 9803 | 1329 y Fs(LINENO)192 b Ft(The)30 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(in)h(the)g |
17345e5a | 9804 | (script)h(or)f(shell)g(function)h(curren)m(tly)f(executing.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
9805 | 1490 y Fs(LINES)240 b Ft(Used)43 b(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs(select)e |
9806 | Ft(command)i(to)g(determine)g(the)g(column)g(length)g(for)g(prin)m | |
9807 | (ting)630 1599 y(selection)32 b(lists.)41 b(Automatically)33 | |
9808 | b(set)e(up)s(on)e(receipt)i(of)g(a)g Fs(SIGWINCH)p Ft(.)150 | |
9809 | 1760 y Fs(MACHTYPE)96 b Ft(A)26 b(string)g(that)h(fully)f(describ)s(es) | |
9810 | f(the)h(system)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h(on)f(whic)m(h)f(Bash)i(is)f(executing,)i | |
9811 | (in)e(the)630 1870 y(standard)k Fl(gnu)g Fq(cpu-compan)m(y-system)h | |
9812 | Ft(format.)150 2030 y Fs(MAILCHECK)630 2140 y Ft(Ho)m(w)d(often)g(\(in) | |
9813 | g(seconds\))g(that)g(the)f(shell)h(should)f(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)e(mail)h | |
9814 | (in)f(the)h(\014les)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)630 2250 y(in)i(the)h | |
9815 | Fs(MAILPATH)e Ft(or)i Fs(MAIL)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)43 | |
9816 | b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(60)i(seconds.)42 b(When)30 | |
9817 | b(it)h(is)g(time)630 2359 y(to)37 b(c)m(hec)m(k)h(for)e(mail,)j(the)e | |
9818 | (shell)f(do)s(es)g(so)h(b)s(efore)f(displa)m(ying)h(the)f(primary)g | |
9819 | (prompt.)57 b(If)630 2469 y(this)37 b(v)-5 b(ariable)38 | |
17345e5a | 9820 | b(is)f(unset,)h(or)f(set)h(to)g(a)f(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(that)f(is)g(not)h |
495aee44 | 9821 | (a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(greater)i(than)f(or)630 2578 y(equal)31 |
17345e5a | 9822 | b(to)g(zero,)g(the)g(shell)g(disables)f(mail)h(c)m(hec)m(king.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
9823 | 2739 y Fs(MAPFILE)144 b Ft(An)35 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 |
9824 | b(created)g(to)h(hold)e(the)g(text)i(read)e(b)m(y)g(the)h | |
9825 | Fs(mapfile)d Ft(builtin)i(when)630 2849 y(no)30 b(v)-5 | |
9826 | b(ariable)31 b(name)g(is)f(supplied.)150 3009 y Fs(OLDPWD)192 | |
9827 | b Ft(The)30 b(previous)g(w)m(orking)g(directory)h(as)g(set)g(b)m(y)f | |
9828 | (the)h Fs(cd)e Ft(builtin.)150 3170 y Fs(OPTERR)192 b | |
9829 | Ft(If)35 b(set)i(to)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(1,)i(Bash)e(displa)m(ys)g | |
9830 | (error)f(messages)i(generated)g(b)m(y)f(the)g Fs(getopts)630 | |
9831 | 3280 y Ft(builtin)30 b(command.)150 3440 y Fs(OSTYPE)192 | |
9832 | b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(describing)f(the)g(op)s(erating)h(system)g(Bash)f | |
9833 | (is)h(running)d(on.)150 3601 y Fs(PIPESTATUS)630 3711 | |
9834 | y Ft(An)23 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)h | |
9835 | ([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)f(82\))h(con)m(taining)g(a)f(list)g(of)g(exit)g | |
9836 | (sta-)630 3820 y(tus)h(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(from)e(the)h(pro)s(cesses)g | |
9837 | (in)f(the)h(most-recen)m(tly-executed)j(foreground)c(pip)s(eline)630 | |
9838 | 3930 y(\(whic)m(h)30 b(ma)m(y)h(con)m(tain)h(only)f(a)f(single)h | |
9839 | (command\).)150 4091 y Fs(POSIXLY_CORRECT)630 4200 y | |
0001803f CR |
9840 | Ft(If)h(this)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)f(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h |
9841 | (when)d Fs(bash)h Ft(starts,)i(the)f(shell)g(en)m(ters)h | |
495aee44 CR |
9842 | Fl(posix)630 4310 y Ft(mo)s(de)22 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)e |
9843 | (POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)k(page)e(86\))g(b)s(efore)f(reading)g(the)g(startup) | |
9844 | 630 4419 y(\014les,)32 b(as)f(if)h(the)f(`)p Fs(--posix)p | |
17345e5a | 9845 | Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)j(option)f(had)f(b)s(een)g(supplied.)42 |
495aee44 | 9846 | b(If)31 b(it)h(is)f(set)h(while)630 4529 y(the)f(shell)f(is)h(running,) |
0001803f | 9847 | d Fs(bash)i Ft(enables)g Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)g(as)h(if)f(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
9848 | (command)870 4664 y Fs(set)47 b(-o)g(posix)630 4799 y |
9849 | Ft(had)30 b(b)s(een)f(executed.)150 4960 y Fs(PPID)288 | |
17345e5a JA |
9850 | b Ft(The)30 b(pro)s(cess)g Fl(id)g Ft(of)h(the)f(shell's)h(paren)m(t)g |
9851 | (pro)s(cess.)40 b(This)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(readonly)-8 | |
495aee44 | 9852 | b(.)150 5121 y Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)630 5230 y Ft(If)32 |
17345e5a JA |
9853 | b(set,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(is)f(in)m(terpreted)g(as)g(a)h(command) |
9854 | f(to)h(execute)g(b)s(efore)f(the)g(prin)m(ting)g(of)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
9855 | 5340 y(eac)m(h)g(primary)d(prompt)g(\()p Fs($PS1)p Ft(\).)p |
9856 | eop end | |
9857 | %%Page: 71 77 | |
9858 | TeXDict begin 71 76 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 | |
9859 | b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(71)150 299 y Fs(PROMPT_DIRTRIM)630 | |
9860 | 408 y Ft(If)27 b(set)g(to)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(greater)i(than)f | |
9861 | (zero,)i(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)f(used)g(as)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er) | |
9862 | e(of)h(trailing)630 518 y(directory)35 b(comp)s(onen)m(ts)g(to)h | |
9863 | (retain)f(when)f(expanding)g(the)h Fs(\\w)f Ft(and)g | |
9864 | Fs(\\W)g Ft(prompt)g(string)630 628 y(escap)s(es)27 b(\(see)g(Section)g | |
9865 | (6.9)h([Prin)m(ting)f(a)g(Prompt],)g(page)g(84\).)40 | |
9866 | b(Characters)27 b(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(are)630 737 y(replaced)j(with)f(an)g | |
9867 | (ellipsis.)150 892 y Fs(PS3)336 b Ft(The)34 b(v)-5 b(alue)35 | |
9868 | b(of)f(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(is)g(used)e(as)i(the)f(prompt)g(for)g | |
9869 | (the)g Fs(select)f Ft(command.)52 b(If)630 1002 y(this)30 | |
9870 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(not)f(set,)i(the)e Fs(select)f | |
9871 | Ft(command)h(prompts)f(with)h(`)p Fs(#?)g Ft(')150 1157 | |
9872 | y Fs(PS4)336 b Ft(The)20 b(v)-5 b(alue)22 b(is)e(the)h(prompt)f(prin)m | |
9873 | (ted)h(b)s(efore)f(the)h(command)g(line)g(is)g(ec)m(ho)s(ed)g(when)f | |
9874 | (the)h(`)p Fs(-x)p Ft(')630 1267 y(option)32 b(is)f(set)h(\(see)g | |
9875 | (Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(54\).)45 | |
9876 | b(The)31 b(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)630 1377 y(of)k Fs(PS4)g | |
9877 | Ft(is)g(replicated)i(m)m(ultiple)f(times,)h(as)e(necessary)-8 | |
9878 | b(,)37 b(to)e(indicate)g(m)m(ultiple)g(lev)m(els)h(of)630 | |
9879 | 1486 y(indirection.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(`)p | |
9880 | Fs(+)g Ft('.)150 1641 y Fs(PWD)336 b Ft(The)30 b(curren)m(t)g(w)m | |
17345e5a | 9881 | (orking)h(directory)g(as)f(set)h(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(cd)f |
495aee44 | 9882 | Ft(builtin.)150 1797 y Fs(RANDOM)192 b Ft(Eac)m(h)30 |
17345e5a | 9883 | b(time)g(this)f(parameter)g(is)g(referenced,)h(a)f(random)g(in)m(teger) |
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17345e5a JA |
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495aee44 CR |
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17345e5a JA |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
9932 | (e)g(sequence)g(that)g(is)f(expanded)g(to)p eop end |
9933 | %%Page: 72 78 | |
9934 | TeXDict begin 72 77 bop 150 -116 a Ft(72)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
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9941 | b(elapsed)h(time)g(in)f(seconds.)630 887 y Fs(\045[)p | |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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17345e5a | 9976 | (after)g Fs(TMOUT)e Ft(seconds)h(when)f(input)h(is)g(coming)h(from)f(a) |
495aee44 CR |
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9989 | %%Page: 73 79 | |
9990 | TeXDict begin 73 78 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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17345e5a JA |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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495aee44 CR |
10052 | (as)g(a)p eop end |
10053 | %%Page: 74 80 | |
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17345e5a | 10092 | b(the)e(shell)g(a)h(restricted)g(shell)f(\(see)h(Section)g(6.10)h([The) |
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10093 | d(Restricted)j(Shell],)630 3404 y(page)31 b(86\).)150 |
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17345e5a JA |
10100 | b(list)g(of)f(all)i(double-quoted)e(strings)g(preceded)g(b)m(y)h(`)p |
10101 | Fs($)p Ft(')f(is)h(prin)m(ted)f(on)g(the)h(standard)630 | |
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10102 | 4043 y(output.)63 b(These)38 b(are)g(the)g(strings)g(that)h(are)f(sub)5 |
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17345e5a JA |
10104 | y(the)e(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale)h(is)f(not)g Fs(C)g Ft(or)f |
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495aee44 | 10106 | b(ranslation],)630 4262 y(page)31 b(7\).)42 b(This)29 |
17345e5a | 10107 | b(implies)i(the)f(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(option;)g(no)f(commands)g(will)h |
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10111 | Fs(shopt)d Ft(builtin)i(\(see)630 4637 y(Section)28 b(4.3.2)g([The)f |
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10113 | 2690 4637 V 40 w(option)h Ft(is)g(presen)m(t,)h(`)p Fs(-O)p | |
10114 | Ft(')f(sets)630 4746 y(the)40 b(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(of)f(that)h(option;)45 | |
17345e5a | 10115 | b(`)p Fs(+O)p Ft(')40 b(unsets)e(it.)69 b(If)39 b Fq(shopt)p |
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10116 | 2631 4746 V 40 w(option)h Ft(is)f(not)h(supplied,)h(the)630 |
10117 | 4856 y(names)e(and)g(v)-5 b(alues)40 b(of)g(the)g(shell)f(options)h | |
17345e5a | 10118 | (accepted)h(b)m(y)e Fs(shopt)f Ft(are)i(prin)m(ted)f(on)h(the)630 |
495aee44 | 10119 | 4966 y(standard)33 b(output.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i |
17345e5a | 10120 | (option)e(is)g(`)p Fs(+O)p Ft(',)g(the)g(output)f(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed) |
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10121 | g(in)g(a)630 5075 y(format)d(that)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h |
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10125 | Fs(--)g Ft(are)h(treated)g(as)g(\014lenames)f(and)g(argumen)m(ts.)p | |
10126 | eop end | |
10127 | %%Page: 75 81 | |
10128 | TeXDict begin 75 80 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10129 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(75)275 299 y(A)27 b | |
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10132 | Ft(',)g(or)f(one)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)150 | |
10133 | 408 y(`)p Fs(--login)p Ft(')i(option.)275 546 y(An)24 | |
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10142 | b(Shells],)e(page)g(76,)g(for)f(more)h(information.)275 | |
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10145 | Fs(-s)p Ft(')f(option)150 1123 y(has)33 b(b)s(een)g(supplied,)h(the)g | |
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10153 | h(commands)f(from)g(this)g(\014le,)i(then)e(exits.)40 | |
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10155 | (the)g(last)g(command)f(executed)h(in)g(the)f(script.)40 | |
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10157 | (status)g(is)f(0.)150 1908 y Fr(6.2)68 b(Bash)45 b(Startup)g(Files)150 | |
10158 | 2068 y Ft(This)23 b(section)j(describ)s(es)d(ho)m(w)i(Bash)f(executes)h | |
0001803f | 10159 | (its)g(startup)f(\014les.)38 b(If)24 b(an)m(y)h(of)f(the)h(\014les)f |
495aee44 | 10160 | (exist)h(but)e(cannot)150 2177 y(b)s(e)k(read,)i(Bash)f(rep)s(orts)f |
0001803f | 10161 | (an)h(error.)39 b(Tildes)28 b(are)g(expanded)f(in)h(\014le)g(names)g |
495aee44 | 10162 | (as)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)150 2287 |
0001803f | 10163 | y(Tilde)h(Expansion)g(\(see)h(Section)h(3.5.2)g([Tilde)e(Expansion],)h |
495aee44 CR |
10164 | (page)g(20\).)275 2425 y(In)m(teractiv)m(e)h(shells)f(are)g(describ)s |
10165 | (ed)e(in)h(Section)h(6.3)h([In)m(teractiv)m(e)h(Shells],)d(page)h(76.) | |
10166 | 150 2627 y Fj(In)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)40 b(as)h(an)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e)f | |
0001803f | 10167 | (login)j(shell,)g(or)g(with)e(`)p Fh(--login)p Fj(')150 |
495aee44 | 10168 | 2774 y Ft(When)c(Bash)f(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)f(an)g(in)m |
0001803f | 10169 | (teractiv)m(e)j(login)d(shell,)i(or)e(as)g(a)g(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i |
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0001803f | 10171 | (\014rst)e(reads)h(and)g(executes)h(commands)f(from)f(the)i(\014le)f(`) |
495aee44 | 10172 | p Fs(/etc/profile)p Ft(',)g(if)150 2993 y(that)35 b(\014le)g(exists.)55 |
0001803f CR |
10173 | b(After)35 b(reading)g(that)g(\014le,)h(it)g(lo)s(oks)f(for)f(`)p |
10174 | Fs(~/.bash_profile)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(~/.bash_login)p Ft(',)150 | |
495aee44 | 10175 | 3103 y(and)28 b(`)p Fs(~/.profile)p Ft(',)f(in)i(that)g(order,)g(and)f |
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0001803f | 10178 | b(`)p Fs(--noprofile)p Ft(')d(option)k(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(when)g |
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10179 | (the)h(shell)h(is)f(started)g(to)150 3322 y(inhibit)g(this)g(b)s(eha)m |
10180 | (vior.)275 3460 y(When)72 b(a)i(login)g(shell)f(exits,)85 | |
0001803f | 10181 | b(Bash)73 b(reads)g(and)g(executes)h(commands)f(from)g(the)g(\014le)150 |
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10182 | 3570 y(`)p Fs(~/.bash_logout)p Ft(',)27 b(if)k(it)f(exists.)150 |
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495aee44 | 10186 | b(Bash)c(reads)f(and)g(executes)150 4029 y(commands)24 |
0001803f CR |
10187 | b(from)f(`)p Fs(~/.bashrc)p Ft(',)h(if)g(that)g(\014le)g(exists.)40 |
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495aee44 | 10189 | Fs(--norc)p Ft(')150 4138 y(option.)52 b(The)33 b(`)p |
0001803f | 10190 | Fs(--rcfile)28 b Fi(file)11 b Ft(')33 b(option)h(will)g(force)h(Bash)f |
495aee44 | 10191 | (to)h(read)e(and)h(execute)h(commands)e(from)150 4248 |
0001803f | 10192 | y Fq(\014le)j Ft(instead)30 b(of)h(`)p Fs(~/.bashrc)p |
495aee44 | 10193 | Ft('.)275 4386 y(So,)f(t)m(ypically)-8 b(,)33 b(y)m(our)d(`)p |
0001803f | 10194 | Fs(~/.bash_profile)p Ft(')d(con)m(tains)32 b(the)e(line)390 |
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10198 | b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(ely)150 5011 y Ft(When)33 b(Bash)g(is)g(started)h | |
0001803f | 10199 | (non-in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)37 b(to)d(run)e(a)h(shell)h(script,)g |
495aee44 | 10200 | (for)f(example,)i(it)e(lo)s(oks)h(for)f(the)150 5121 |
0001803f CR |
10201 | y(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b Fs(BASH_ENV)d Ft(in)i(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)h |
10202 | (expands)e(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(if)g(it)g(app)s(ears)e(there,)j(and)e | |
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10203 | (uses)g(the)150 5230 y(expanded)c(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(as)h(the)g(name)f |
10204 | (of)h(a)f(\014le)h(to)g(read)f(and)g(execute.)42 b(Bash)31 | |
10205 | b(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)g(if)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)150 | |
10206 | 5340 y(command)g(w)m(ere)h(executed:)p eop end | |
10207 | %%Page: 76 82 | |
10208 | TeXDict begin 76 81 bop 150 -116 a Ft(76)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
10209 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(if)47 b([)h(-n)f("$BASH_ENV")e(];) | |
10210 | i(then)f(.)i("$BASH_ENV";)c(fi)150 461 y Ft(but)30 b(the)g(v)-5 | |
10211 | b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f Fs(PATH)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)32 | |
10212 | b(is)e(not)h(used)e(to)i(searc)m(h)g(for)f(the)h(\014le)f(name.)275 | |
10213 | 622 y(As)38 b(noted)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)j(if)c(a)h(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e) | |
10214 | i(shell)e(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)e(the)g(`)p Fs(--login)p | |
10215 | Ft(')g(option,)j(Bash)150 732 y(attempts)31 b(to)g(read)g(and)e | |
10216 | (execute)j(commands)e(from)g(the)h(login)g(shell)g(startup)e(\014les.) | |
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10218 | 1105 y Ft(If)c(Bash)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(name)g | |
10219 | Fs(sh)p Ft(,)i(it)f(tries)f(to)h(mimic)g(the)f(startup)g(b)s(eha)m | |
10220 | (vior)g(of)h(historical)150 1215 y(v)m(ersions)31 b(of)f | |
10221 | Fs(sh)g Ft(as)h(closely)h(as)e(p)s(ossible,)g(while)h(conforming)f(to)h | |
10222 | (the)g Fl(posix)e Ft(standard)h(as)h(w)m(ell.)275 1376 | |
10223 | y(When)50 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)j(as)f(an)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(login)e | |
10224 | (shell,)57 b(or)51 b(as)g(a)h(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)h(shell)f(with)f | |
10225 | (the)150 1486 y(`)p Fs(--login)p Ft(')39 b(option,)k(it)e(\014rst)e | |
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10227 | Fs(/etc/profile)p Ft(')150 1596 y(and)d(`)p Fs(~/.profile)p | |
10228 | Ft(',)g(in)g(that)h(order.)62 b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(--noprofile)p | |
10229 | Ft(')e(option)j(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(inhibit)f(this)150 | |
10230 | 1705 y(b)s(eha)m(vior.)82 b(When)44 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g(an)f(in)m | |
10231 | (teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(with)g(the)g(name)g Fs(sh)p Ft(,)j(Bash)d(lo)s | |
10232 | (oks)h(for)f(the)150 1815 y(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b Fs(ENV)p | |
10233 | Ft(,)g(expands)e(its)i(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(if)g(it)h(is)f(de\014ned,)h | |
10234 | (and)e(uses)h(the)g(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(as)h(the)f(name)150 | |
10235 | 1924 y(of)i(a)h(\014le)g(to)g(read)f(and)g(execute.)66 | |
10236 | b(Since)38 b(a)h(shell)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(as)f Fs(sh)e | |
10237 | Ft(do)s(es)h(not)h(attempt)g(to)g(read)g(and)150 2034 | |
10238 | y(execute)i(commands)e(from)g(an)m(y)h(other)g(startup)f(\014les,)j | |
10239 | (the)e(`)p Fs(--rcfile)p Ft(')d(option)j(has)g(no)f(e\013ect.)70 | |
10240 | b(A)150 2143 y(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)32 b(shell)d(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h | |
17345e5a | 10241 | (with)f(the)g(name)g Fs(sh)f Ft(do)s(es)g(not)i(attempt)g(to)f(read)g |
495aee44 | 10242 | (an)m(y)g(other)g(startup)150 2253 y(\014les.)275 2415 |
17345e5a JA |
10243 | y(When)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g Fs(sh)p Ft(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g |
10244 | Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de)h(after)h(the)g(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h(read.) | |
495aee44 CR |
10245 | 150 2641 y Fj(In)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)40 b(in)h Fg(posix)g Fj(mo)s(de)150 |
10246 | 2788 y Ft(When)25 b(Bash)g(is)h(started)f(in)g Fl(posix)g | |
0001803f | 10247 | Ft(mo)s(de,)h(as)f(with)g(the)h(`)p Fs(--posix)p Ft(')d(command)i(line) |
495aee44 | 10248 | h(option,)h(it)f(follo)m(ws)150 2898 y(the)e Fl(posix)f |
0001803f CR |
10249 | Ft(standard)h(for)f(startup)h(\014les.)38 b(In)24 b(this)g(mo)s(de,)h |
10250 | (in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shells)d(expand)f(the)h Fs(ENV)f | |
495aee44 | 10251 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)150 3007 y(and)30 b(commands)g(are)g(read)h(and)e |
0001803f | 10252 | (executed)j(from)d(the)i(\014le)f(whose)g(name)h(is)f(the)h(expanded)e |
495aee44 CR |
10253 | (v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(No)150 3117 y(other)31 b(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h |
10254 | (read.)150 3343 y Fj(In)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)40 b(b)m(y)g(remote)h(shell)h | |
10255 | (daemon)150 3490 y Ft(Bash)36 b(attempts)h(to)g(determine)f(when)f(it)i | |
0001803f | 10256 | (is)f(b)s(eing)g(run)e(with)i(its)g(standard)g(input)f(connected)i(to)g |
495aee44 CR |
10257 | (a)150 3600 y(net)m(w)m(ork)h(connection,)j(as)c(when)g(executed)h(b)m |
10258 | (y)f(the)h(remote)g(shell)g(daemon,)h(usually)e Fs(rshd)p | |
10259 | Ft(,)h(or)g(the)150 3709 y(secure)c(shell)f(daemon)h | |
10260 | Fs(sshd)p Ft(.)49 b(If)33 b(Bash)g(determines)h(it)g(is)f(b)s(eing)g | |
10261 | (run)f(in)i(this)f(fashion,)h(it)g(reads)g(and)150 3819 | |
10262 | y(executes)42 b(commands)e(from)g(`)p Fs(~/.bashrc)p | |
10263 | Ft(',)h(if)g(that)g(\014le)f(exists)i(and)e(is)g(readable.)72 | |
10264 | b(It)40 b(will)h(not)g(do)150 3929 y(this)35 b(if)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i | |
10265 | (as)f Fs(sh)p Ft(.)55 b(The)34 b(`)p Fs(--norc)p Ft(')g(option)i(ma)m | |
10266 | (y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(inhibit)f(this)g(b)s(eha)m(vior,)i(and)e(the) | |
10267 | 150 4038 y(`)p Fs(--rcfile)p Ft(')25 b(option)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g | |
10268 | (to)i(force)f(another)g(\014le)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(read,)i(but)e | |
10269 | Fs(rshd)f Ft(do)s(es)i(not)g(generally)150 4148 y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)32 | |
10270 | b(the)f(shell)f(with)h(those)f(options)h(or)f(allo)m(w)i(them)f(to)g(b) | |
10271 | s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150 4374 y Fj(In)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)40 | |
10272 | b(with)g(unequal)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)e(and)i(real)g Fg(uid/gid)p | |
10273 | Fj(s)150 4521 y Ft(If)34 b(Bash)h(is)g(started)g(with)f(the)h | |
10274 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)i(user)d(\(group\))h(id)f(not)h(equal)g(to)g(the)g | |
10275 | (real)g(user)f(\(group\))h(id,)150 4631 y(and)26 b(the)i | |
17345e5a JA |
10276 | Fs(-p)e Ft(option)h(is)g(not)h(supplied,)e(no)h(startup)g(\014les)g |
10277 | (are)g(read,)h(shell)f(functions)g(are)g(not)g(inherited)150 | |
495aee44 | 10278 | 4740 y(from)41 b(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)j(the)d Fs(SHELLOPTS)p |
0001803f | 10279 | Ft(,)h Fs(BASHOPTS)p Ft(,)g Fs(CDPATH)p Ft(,)g(and)e |
495aee44 | 10280 | Fs(GLOBIGNORE)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables,)45 b(if)150 4850 |
0001803f CR |
10281 | y(they)28 b(app)s(ear)f(in)h(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)i(are)e(ignored,) |
10282 | h(and)e(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)c(id)h(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)f(real)h | |
495aee44 | 10283 | (user)150 4959 y(id.)62 b(If)38 b(the)f Fs(-p)h Ft(option)g(is)f |
0001803f | 10284 | (supplied)g(at)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)k(the)c(startup)f(b)s(eha)m(vior) |
495aee44 CR |
10285 | h(is)g(the)g(same,)i(but)d(the)150 5069 y(e\013ectiv)m(e)c(user)d(id)g |
10286 | (is)g(not)h(reset.)150 5342 y Fr(6.3)68 b(In)l(teractiv)l(e)47 | |
10287 | b(Shells)p eop end | |
10288 | %%Page: 77 83 | |
10289 | TeXDict begin 77 82 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10290 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(77)150 299 y Fj(6.3.1)63 | |
0001803f | 10291 | b(What)40 b(is)h(an)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e)e(Shell?)150 |
495aee44 | 10292 | 446 y Ft(An)c(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(shell)d(is)g(one)g(started)g(without) |
0001803f | 10293 | f(non-option)h(argumen)m(ts,)i(unless)d(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')h(is)f(sp)s |
495aee44 | 10294 | (eci\014ed,)150 555 y(without)f(sp)s(ecifying)h(the)f(`)p |
0001803f | 10295 | Fs(-c)p Ft(')g(option,)j(and)c(whose)h(input)g(and)g(error)g(output)g |
495aee44 | 10296 | (are)g(b)s(oth)g(connected)150 665 y(to)d(terminals)g(\(as)g |
0001803f | 10297 | (determined)f(b)m(y)g Fs(isatty\(3\))p Ft(\),)f(or)h(one)h(started)f |
495aee44 CR |
10298 | (with)g(the)h(`)p Fs(-i)p Ft(')f(option.)275 797 y(An)g(in)m(teractiv)m |
10299 | (e)j(shell)d(generally)i(reads)e(from)g(and)g(writes)g(to)h(a)g(user's) | |
10300 | f(terminal.)275 929 y(The)e(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)h | |
10301 | (option)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(set)g(the)g(p)s(ositional)g | |
10302 | (parameters)f(when)g(an)g(in)m(ter-)150 1038 y(activ)m(e)k(shell)d(is)h | |
10303 | (started.)150 1232 y Fj(6.3.2)63 b(Is)41 b(this)g(Shell)g(In)m | |
10304 | (teractiv)m(e?)150 1379 y Ft(T)-8 b(o)30 b(determine)g(within)f(a)h | |
10305 | (startup)g(script)f(whether)g(or)h(not)g(Bash)g(is)g(running)e(in)m | |
10306 | (teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)33 b(test)e(the)150 1489 y(v)-5 | |
10307 | b(alue)30 b(of)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')h(sp)s(ecial)g(parameter.)41 | |
10308 | b(It)29 b(con)m(tains)i Fs(i)e Ft(when)g(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m | |
10309 | (teractiv)m(e.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example:)390 1621 | |
10310 | y Fs(case)47 b("$-")f(in)390 1730 y(*i*\))h(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)h | |
10311 | (interactive)e(;;)390 1840 y(*\))i(echo)g(This)f(shell)h(is)g(not)g | |
10312 | (interactive)e(;;)390 1949 y(esac)275 2081 y Ft(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 | |
10313 | b(,)28 b(startup)23 b(scripts)h(ma)m(y)g(examine)g(the)g(v)-5 | |
17345e5a | 10314 | b(ariable)25 b Fs(PS1)p Ft(;)g(it)g(is)e(unset)h(in)f(non-in)m |
495aee44 CR |
10315 | (teractiv)m(e)150 2191 y(shells,)31 b(and)e(set)i(in)f(in)m(teractiv)m |
10316 | (e)k(shells.)40 b(Th)m(us:)390 2323 y Fs(if)47 b([)h(-z)f("$PS1")f(];)h | |
10317 | (then)772 2432 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)i(not)f(interactive)390 | |
10318 | 2542 y(else)772 2651 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)i(interactive)390 | |
10319 | 2761 y(fi)150 2955 y Fj(6.3.3)63 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)38 | |
10320 | b(Shell)k(Beha)m(vior)150 3102 y Ft(When)30 b(the)h(shell)f(is)h | |
0001803f | 10321 | (running)d(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(it)d(c)m(hanges)h(its)f(b)s |
495aee44 | 10322 | (eha)m(vior)f(in)g(sev)m(eral)i(w)m(a)m(ys.)199 3234 |
17345e5a JA |
10323 | y(1.)61 b(Startup)37 b(\014les)g(are)h(read)f(and)g(executed)h(as)f |
10324 | (describ)s(ed)g(in)g(Section)h(6.2)g([Bash)g(Startup)e(Files],)330 | |
495aee44 CR |
10325 | 3343 y(page)31 b(75.)199 3475 y(2.)61 b(Job)35 b(Con)m(trol)g(\(see)h |
10326 | (Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(91\))g(is)f(enabled)g(b)m | |
10327 | (y)g(default.)55 b(When)34 b(job)330 3585 y(con)m(trol)h(is)f(in)f | |
17345e5a | 10328 | (e\013ect,)k(Bash)d(ignores)g(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard-generated)h(job)e |
495aee44 CR |
10329 | (con)m(trol)i(signals)g Fs(SIGTTIN)p Ft(,)330 3694 y |
10330 | Fs(SIGTTOU)p Ft(,)29 b(and)g Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)199 3826 | |
0001803f CR |
10331 | y(3.)61 b(Bash)39 b(expands)f(and)g(displa)m(ys)h Fs(PS1)f |
10332 | Ft(b)s(efore)h(reading)g(the)g(\014rst)f(line)h(of)g(a)g(command,)i | |
495aee44 | 10333 | (and)d(ex-)330 3936 y(pands)30 b(and)g(displa)m(ys)h |
17345e5a | 10334 | Fs(PS2)e Ft(b)s(efore)i(reading)g(the)g(second)f(and)h(subsequen)m(t)f |
495aee44 CR |
10335 | (lines)h(of)g(a)g(m)m(ulti-line)330 4045 y(command.)199 |
10336 | 4177 y(4.)61 b(Bash)26 b(executes)i(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)27 | |
17345e5a | 10337 | b(of)f(the)h Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)22 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)27 |
495aee44 | 10338 | b(as)g(a)f(command)g(b)s(efore)g(prin)m(ting)330 4287 |
17345e5a | 10339 | y(the)31 b(primary)e(prompt,)h Fs($PS1)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(5.2)h |
495aee44 | 10340 | ([Bash)f(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(63\).)199 4419 |
17345e5a | 10341 | y(5.)61 b(Readline)30 b(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)e(Line)i |
495aee44 CR |
10342 | (Editing],)g(page)g(95\))h(is)f(used)f(to)h(read)f(commands)330 |
10343 | 4528 y(from)h(the)g(user's)g(terminal.)199 4660 y(6.)61 | |
17345e5a JA |
10344 | b(Bash)36 b(insp)s(ects)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(the)g |
10345 | Fs(ignoreeof)e Ft(option)j(to)g Fs(set)29 b(-o)36 b Ft(instead)h(of)f | |
495aee44 | 10346 | (exiting)i(imme-)330 4770 y(diately)f(when)e(it)i(receiv)m(es)h(an)e |
17345e5a | 10347 | Fs(EOF)f Ft(on)h(its)g(standard)f(input)g(when)h(reading)g(a)g(command) |
495aee44 CR |
10348 | g(\(see)330 4879 y(Section)31 b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g |
10349 | (54\).)199 5011 y(7.)61 b(Command)43 b(history)h(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1) | |
10350 | g([Bash)f(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)51 b(page)45 b(125\))h(and)d | |
10351 | (history)330 5121 y(expansion)23 b(\(see)i(Section)f(9.3)h([History)f | |
10352 | (In)m(teraction],)j(page)d(127\))h(are)f(enabled)g(b)m(y)f(default.)39 | |
10353 | b(Bash)330 5230 y(will)23 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(command)f(history)h(to)h | |
10354 | (the)f(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h Fs($HISTFILE)d Ft(when)i(an)h(in)m | |
10355 | (teractiv)m(e)j(shell)330 5340 y(exits.)p eop end | |
10356 | %%Page: 78 84 | |
10357 | TeXDict begin 78 83 bop 150 -116 a Ft(78)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
10358 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)199 299 y(8.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(\(see) | |
10359 | g(Section)g(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(81\))h(is)e(p)s(erformed)f(b)m(y) | |
10360 | h(default.)199 431 y(9.)61 b(In)24 b(the)g(absence)h(of)f(an)m(y)h | |
10361 | (traps,)g(Bash)g(ignores)f Fs(SIGTERM)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(3.7.6)h | |
10362 | ([Signals],)g(page)f(34\).)154 563 y(10.)61 b(In)26 b(the)h(absence)h | |
10363 | (of)f(an)m(y)g(traps,)g Fs(SIGINT)e Ft(is)i(caugh)m(t)h(and)f(handled)e | |
10364 | (\(\(see)k(Section)e(3.7.6)i([Signals],)330 672 y(page)i(34\).)42 | |
17345e5a | 10365 | b Fs(SIGINT)29 b Ft(will)h(in)m(terrupt)g(some)h(shell)g(builtins.)154 |
495aee44 | 10366 | 804 y(11.)61 b(An)40 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(login)e(shell)g(sends)e(a)i |
17345e5a | 10367 | Fs(SIGHUP)d Ft(to)j(all)g(jobs)f(on)g(exit)h(if)g(the)f |
495aee44 CR |
10368 | Fs(huponexit)e Ft(shell)330 914 y(option)31 b(has)f(b)s(een)g(enabled)g |
10369 | (\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.6)i([Signals],)e(page)g(34\).)154 | |
10370 | 1046 y(12.)61 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)k | |
17345e5a JA |
10371 | (option)d(is)g(ignored,)h(and)f(`)p Fs(set)k(-n)p Ft(')25 |
10372 | b(has)h(no)g(e\013ect)i(\(see)e(Section)h(4.3.1)h([The)330 | |
495aee44 | 10373 | 1155 y(Set)j(Builtin],)g(page)g(54\).)154 1287 y(13.)61 |
17345e5a JA |
10374 | b(Bash)32 b(will)g(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)e(mail)g(p)s(erio)s(dically)-8 |
10375 | b(,)34 b(dep)s(ending)c(on)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(of)g(the)h | |
495aee44 | 10376 | Fs(MAIL)p Ft(,)e Fs(MAILPATH)p Ft(,)330 1397 y(and)f |
17345e5a | 10377 | Fs(MAILCHECK)e Ft(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(\(see)h(Section)f(5.2)g |
495aee44 | 10378 | ([Bash)g(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(63\).)154 1528 |
17345e5a JA |
10379 | y(14.)61 b(Expansion)32 b(errors)h(due)f(to)i(references)f(to)h(un)m(b) |
10380 | s(ound)c(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariables)34 b(after)g(`)p Fs(set)29 | |
495aee44 | 10381 | b(-u)p Ft(')k(has)g(b)s(een)330 1638 y(enabled)d(will)h(not)g(cause)g |
17345e5a | 10382 | (the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit)g(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)h |
495aee44 | 10383 | (Builtin],)g(page)g(54\).)154 1770 y(15.)61 b(The)48 |
17345e5a JA |
10384 | b(shell)h(will)f(not)h(exit)g(on)g(expansion)f(errors)g(caused)g(b)m(y) |
10385 | h Fq(v)-5 b(ar)54 b Ft(b)s(eing)48 b(unset)g(or)h(n)m(ull)f(in)330 | |
495aee44 | 10386 | 1879 y Fs(${)p Fi(var)11 b Fs(:?)p Fi(word)g Fs(})26 |
17345e5a | 10387 | b Ft(expansions)k(\(see)h(Section)h(3.5.3)g([Shell)e(P)m(arameter)i |
495aee44 | 10388 | (Expansion],)e(page)h(21\).)154 2011 y(16.)61 b(Redirection)31 |
17345e5a | 10389 | b(errors)f(encoun)m(tered)h(b)m(y)f(shell)h(builtins)f(will)g(not)h |
495aee44 | 10390 | (cause)g(the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit.)154 2143 y(17.)61 b(When)26 |
17345e5a JA |
10391 | b(running)f(in)i Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de,)j(a)f(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin)f |
10392 | (returning)g(an)g(error)h(status)g(will)g(not)f(cause)330 | |
495aee44 CR |
10393 | 2253 y(the)31 b(shell)f(to)h(exit)h(\(see)f(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)f |
10394 | (POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(86\).)154 2385 y(18.)61 b(A)34 | |
17345e5a JA |
10395 | b(failed)g Fs(exec)f Ft(will)h(not)g(cause)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g(exit)h |
10396 | (\(see)f(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)f(Builtins],)330 | |
495aee44 | 10397 | 2494 y(page)e(37\).)154 2626 y(19.)61 b(P)m(arser)31 |
17345e5a | 10398 | b(syn)m(tax)f(errors)g(will)h(not)g(cause)g(the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit.) |
495aee44 | 10399 | 154 2758 y(20.)61 b(Simple)21 b(sp)s(elling)h(correction)g(for)g |
17345e5a | 10400 | (directory)g(argumen)m(ts)f(to)i(the)e Fs(cd)g Ft(builtin)g(is)h |
495aee44 | 10401 | (enabled)f(b)m(y)h(default)330 2868 y(\(see)35 b(the)g(description)f |
17345e5a | 10402 | (of)h(the)f Fs(cdspell)f Ft(option)h(to)i(the)e Fs(shopt)f |
495aee44 CR |
10403 | Ft(builtin)h(in)g(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)330 2977 y(Shopt)30 |
10404 | b(Builtin],)h(page)g(57\).)154 3109 y(21.)61 b(The)42 | |
17345e5a JA |
10405 | b(shell)h(will)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(of)f(the)h |
10406 | Fs(TMOUT)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(and)e(exit)h(if)g(a)g(command)f(is)h | |
495aee44 | 10407 | (not)330 3219 y(read)30 b(within)g(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(n)m(um)m(b)s |
17345e5a | 10408 | (er)g(of)i(seconds)f(after)g(prin)m(ting)g Fs($PS1)f |
495aee44 CR |
10409 | Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(5.2)h([Bash)330 3328 y(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 |
10410 | b(page)f(63\).)150 3555 y Fr(6.4)68 b(Bash)45 b(Conditional)h | |
10411 | (Expressions)150 3715 y Ft(Conditional)26 b(expressions)g(are)g(used)f | |
0001803f | 10412 | (b)m(y)g(the)h Fs([[)f Ft(comp)s(ound)g(command)g(and)g(the)h |
495aee44 CR |
10413 | Fs(test)f Ft(and)g Fs([)g Ft(builtin)150 3824 y(commands.)275 |
10414 | 3956 y(Expressions)32 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(unary)f(or)h(binary)-8 | |
0001803f | 10415 | b(.)48 b(Unary)33 b(expressions)f(are)i(often)f(used)f(to)i(examine)g |
495aee44 | 10416 | (the)150 4066 y(status)26 b(of)g(a)h(\014le.)39 b(There)26 |
0001803f | 10417 | b(are)g(string)g(op)s(erators)g(and)g(n)m(umeric)f(comparison)i(op)s |
495aee44 | 10418 | (erators)f(as)g(w)m(ell.)40 b(If)26 b(the)150 4175 y |
0001803f CR |
10419 | Fq(\014le)38 b Ft(argumen)m(t)c(to)f(one)h(of)f(the)g(primaries)g(is)g |
10420 | (of)g(the)g(form)g(`)p Fs(/dev/fd/)p Fi(N)11 b Ft(',)31 | |
495aee44 | 10421 | b(then)i(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(N)43 b Ft(is)150 4285 |
0001803f CR |
10422 | y(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.)e(If)26 b(the)g Fq(\014le)31 b Ft(argumen)m(t)26 |
10423 | b(to)h(one)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)e(is)h(one)g(of)g(`)p | |
10424 | Fs(/dev/stdin)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(/dev/stdout)p Ft(',)150 | |
495aee44 | 10425 | 4395 y(or)30 b(`)p Fs(/dev/stderr)p Ft(',)e(\014le)j(descriptor)f(0,)h |
0001803f | 10426 | (1,)g(or)g(2,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)32 b(is)e(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.) |
495aee44 CR |
10427 | 275 4526 y(When)j(used)g(with)h(`)p Fs([[)p Ft(',)h(the)f(`)p |
10428 | Fs(<)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(')h(op)s(erators)g(sort)g | |
10429 | (lexicographically)j(using)c(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4636 | |
10430 | y(lo)s(cale.)42 b(The)30 b Fs(test)f Ft(command)i(uses)f(ASCI)s(I)e | |
10431 | (ordering.)275 4768 y(Unless)44 b(otherwise)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j | |
0001803f | 10432 | (primaries)c(that)h(op)s(erate)g(on)g(\014les)f(follo)m(w)i(sym)m(b)s |
495aee44 | 10433 | (olic)f(links)g(and)150 4878 y(op)s(erate)31 b(on)f(the)h(target)h(of)e |
0001803f | 10434 | (the)h(link,)f(rather)h(than)f(the)g(link)h(itself.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
10435 | 5032 y Fs(-a)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g |
10436 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists.)150 5186 y Fs(-b)30 b Fi(file)162 | |
10437 | b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 | |
10438 | b(and)f(is)g(a)h(blo)s(c)m(k)g(sp)s(ecial)g(\014le.)150 | |
10439 | 5340 y Fs(-c)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g | |
10440 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(sp)s(ecial) | |
10441 | f(\014le.)p eop end | |
10442 | %%Page: 79 85 | |
10443 | TeXDict begin 79 84 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10444 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(79)150 299 y Fs(-d)30 | |
0001803f | 10445 | b Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 |
0001803f | 10446 | b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(directory)-8 b(.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
10447 | 463 y Fs(-e)30 b Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g |
10448 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists.)150 628 y Fs(-f)30 b Fi(file)162 | |
17345e5a | 10449 | b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 |
495aee44 | 10450 | b(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)f(\014le.)150 792 y Fs(-g)g |
0001803f CR |
10451 | Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b |
10452 | Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g(set-group-id)h(bit)g(is)f(set.)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
10453 | 956 y Fs(-h)g Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 |
10454 | b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(link.)150 | |
10455 | 1121 y Fs(-k)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g | |
0001803f | 10456 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g Fs(")p Ft(stic)m(ky)p |
495aee44 | 10457 | Fs(")h Ft(bit)g(is)f(set.)150 1285 y Fs(-p)g Fi(file)162 |
17345e5a | 10458 | b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 |
495aee44 | 10459 | b(and)f(is)g(a)h(named)f(pip)s(e)f(\(FIF)m(O\).)150 1450 |
0001803f | 10460 | y Fs(-r)h Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 |
495aee44 | 10461 | b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(readable.)150 1614 y Fs(-s)g |
0001803f CR |
10462 | Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b |
10463 | Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(has)g(a)g(size)i(greater)f(than)f(zero.)150 | |
495aee44 | 10464 | 1778 y Fs(-t)g Fi(fd)258 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(\014le)h(descriptor) |
0001803f | 10465 | f Fq(fd)j Ft(is)e(op)s(en)e(and)h(refers)g(to)h(a)g(terminal.)150 |
495aee44 | 10466 | 1943 y Fs(-u)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g |
0001803f | 10467 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g(set-user-id)h(bit)f(is)h |
495aee44 | 10468 | (set.)150 2107 y Fs(-w)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 |
0001803f | 10469 | b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(writable.)150 |
495aee44 | 10470 | 2271 y Fs(-x)g Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g |
0001803f | 10471 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(executable.)150 |
495aee44 | 10472 | 2436 y Fs(-G)g Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g |
17345e5a | 10473 | Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(o)m(wned)g(b)m(y)h(the)f |
495aee44 | 10474 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)j(group)d(id.)150 2600 y Fs(-L)g Fi(file)162 |
17345e5a | 10475 | b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 |
495aee44 CR |
10476 | b(and)f(is)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(link.)150 2765 y Fs(-N)f |
10477 | Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b | |
10478 | Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(mo)s(di\014ed)h(since)g(it)h(w)m | |
10479 | (as)g(last)g(read.)150 2929 y Fs(-O)f Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 | |
10480 | b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(o)m(wned)g(b)m | |
10481 | (y)h(the)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(id.)150 3093 y Fs(-S)g | |
10482 | Fi(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b | |
10483 | Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 3258 | |
10484 | y Fi(file1)39 b Fs(-ef)30 b Fi(file2)630 3367 y Ft(T)-8 | |
10485 | b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le1)38 b Ft(and)30 b Fq(\014le2)38 | |
10486 | b Ft(refer)30 b(to)i(the)e(same)h(device)g(and)f(ino)s(de)g(n)m(um)m(b) | |
10487 | s(ers.)150 3532 y Fi(file1)39 b Fs(-nt)30 b Fi(file2)630 | |
10488 | 3641 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)23 b(if)g Fq(\014le1)31 b Ft(is)24 | |
10489 | b(new)m(er)f(\(according)i(to)f(mo)s(di\014cation)g(date\))g(than)g | |
10490 | Fq(\014le2)7 b Ft(,)25 b(or)f(if)f Fq(\014le1)31 b Ft(exists)630 | |
10491 | 3751 y(and)f Fq(\014le2)38 b Ft(do)s(es)30 b(not.)150 | |
10492 | 3915 y Fi(file1)39 b Fs(-ot)30 b Fi(file2)630 4025 y | |
10493 | Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le1)38 b Ft(is)31 b(older)f(than)g | |
10494 | Fq(\014le2)7 b Ft(,)32 b(or)e(if)h Fq(\014le2)38 b Ft(exists)31 | |
10495 | b(and)e Fq(\014le1)39 b Ft(do)s(es)30 b(not.)150 4189 | |
10496 | y Fs(-o)g Fi(optname)630 4299 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)41 b(if)g(the)g(shell)h | |
10497 | (option)f Fq(optname)47 b Ft(is)41 b(enabled.)73 b(The)41 | |
10498 | b(list)h(of)f(options)h(app)s(ears)e(in)630 4408 y(the)30 | |
10499 | b(description)f(of)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)h(the)e | |
0001803f | 10500 | Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)f(Set)630 |
495aee44 CR |
10501 | 4518 y(Builtin],)h(page)g(54\).)150 4682 y Fs(-v)f Fi(varname)630 |
10502 | 4792 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 | |
10503 | b Fq(v)-5 b(arname)35 b Ft(is)30 b(set)h(\(has)g(b)s(een)e(assigned)i | |
10504 | (a)g(v)-5 b(alue\).)150 4956 y Fs(-z)30 b Fi(string)630 | |
10505 | 5066 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f Fq(string)38 | |
10506 | b Ft(is)31 b(zero.)150 5230 y Fs(-n)f Fi(string)150 5340 | |
10507 | y(string)192 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f | |
0001803f | 10508 | Fq(string)38 b Ft(is)31 b(non-zero.)p eop end |
495aee44 CR |
10509 | %%Page: 80 86 |
10510 | TeXDict begin 80 85 bop 150 -116 a Ft(80)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
10511 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fi(string1)39 b Fs(==)30 |
10512 | b Fi(string2)150 408 y(string1)39 b Fs(=)30 b Fi(string2)630 | |
10513 | 518 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)35 b(if)h(the)g(strings)g(are)g(equal.)58 | |
10514 | b(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')36 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(with)h(the)g | |
10515 | Fs(test)f Ft(command)g(for)630 628 y Fl(posix)30 b Ft(conformance.)150 | |
10516 | 790 y Fi(string1)39 b Fs(!=)30 b Fi(string2)630 899 y | |
10517 | Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(strings)f(are)h(not)f(equal.)150 | |
10518 | 1061 y Fi(string1)39 b Fs(<)30 b Fi(string2)630 1171 | |
10519 | y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(string1)38 b Ft(sorts)31 | |
10520 | b(b)s(efore)f Fq(string2)38 b Ft(lexicographically)-8 | |
10521 | b(.)150 1333 y Fi(string1)39 b Fs(>)30 b Fi(string2)630 | |
10522 | 1442 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(string1)38 b Ft(sorts)31 | |
10523 | b(after)g Fq(string2)38 b Ft(lexicographically)-8 b(.)150 | |
10524 | 1604 y Fi(arg1)40 b Fs(OP)29 b Fi(arg2)630 1714 y Fs(OP)k | |
17345e5a JA |
10525 | Ft(is)h(one)g(of)h(`)p Fs(-eq)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(-ne)p |
10526 | Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(-lt)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(-le)p Ft(',)f(`)p | |
10527 | Fs(-gt)p Ft(',)h(or)f(`)p Fs(-ge)p Ft('.)51 b(These)34 | |
0001803f | 10528 | b(arithmetic)h(binary)630 1823 y(op)s(erators)h(return)e(true)i(if)f |
17345e5a | 10529 | Fq(arg1)44 b Ft(is)36 b(equal)g(to,)i(not)e(equal)g(to,)i(less)e(than,) |
0001803f CR |
10530 | h(less)f(than)f(or)630 1933 y(equal)28 b(to,)h(greater)g(than,)f(or)f |
10531 | (greater)i(than)e(or)h(equal)g(to)g Fq(arg2)7 b Ft(,)30 | |
10532 | b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)41 b Fq(Arg1)36 b Ft(and)630 | |
10533 | 2043 y Fq(arg2)j Ft(ma)m(y)30 b(b)s(e)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)i(or)e(negativ)m | |
10534 | (e)j(in)m(tegers.)150 2279 y Fr(6.5)68 b(Shell)45 b(Arithmetic)150 | |
10535 | 2438 y Ft(The)35 b(shell)g(allo)m(ws)i(arithmetic)f(expressions)f(to)h | |
10536 | (b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated,)38 b(as)d(one)h(of)f(the)h(shell)f | |
10537 | (expansions)g(or)150 2548 y(b)m(y)30 b(the)h Fs(let)e | |
10538 | Ft(and)h(the)h(`)p Fs(-i)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(the)f | |
10539 | Fs(declare)f Ft(builtins.)275 2685 y(Ev)-5 b(aluation)27 | |
17345e5a JA |
10540 | b(is)g(done)f(in)g(\014xed-width)g(in)m(tegers)i(with)e(no)h(c)m(hec)m |
10541 | (k)h(for)e(o)m(v)m(er\015o)m(w,)j(though)d(division)h(b)m(y)150 | |
0001803f | 10542 | 2795 y(0)g(is)g(trapp)s(ed)f(and)h(\015agged)g(as)h(an)f(error.)39 |
17345e5a | 10543 | b(The)26 b(op)s(erators)h(and)g(their)g(precedence,)h(asso)s(ciativit)m |
0001803f | 10544 | (y)-8 b(,)32 b(and)150 2904 y(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(are)h(the)f(same)g(as)h |
17345e5a | 10545 | (in)e(the)h(C)g(language.)56 b(The)35 b(follo)m(wing)h(list)g(of)f(op)s |
0001803f | 10546 | (erators)g(is)g(group)s(ed)f(in)m(to)150 3014 y(lev)m(els)27 |
17345e5a JA |
10547 | b(of)f(equal-precedence)i(op)s(erators.)39 b(The)25 b(lev)m(els)j(are)e |
10548 | (listed)h(in)e(order)h(of)g(decreasing)g(precedence.)150 | |
0001803f CR |
10549 | 3177 y Fi(id)11 b Fs(++)29 b Fi(id)11 b Fs(--)630 3287 |
10550 | y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(p)s(ost-incremen)m(t)g(and)f(p)s(ost-decremen) | |
10551 | m(t)150 3449 y Fs(++)p Fi(id)40 b Fs(--)p Fi(id)630 3558 | |
17345e5a | 10552 | y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(pre-incremen)m(t)g(and)f(pre-decremen)m(t)150 |
0001803f CR |
10553 | 3720 y Fs(-)g(+)354 b Ft(unary)29 b(min)m(us)h(and)g(plus)150 |
10554 | 3882 y Fs(!)g(~)354 b Ft(logical)33 b(and)d(bit)m(wise)h(negation)150 | |
10555 | 4044 y Fs(**)384 b Ft(exp)s(onen)m(tiation)150 4206 y | |
10556 | Fs(*)30 b(/)g(\045)276 b Ft(m)m(ultiplication,)33 b(division,)d | |
10557 | (remainder)150 4368 y Fs(+)g(-)354 b Ft(addition,)31 | |
10558 | b(subtraction)150 4530 y Fs(<<)f(>>)258 b Ft(left)31 | |
10559 | b(and)f(righ)m(t)h(bit)m(wise)g(shifts)150 4692 y Fs(<=)f(>=)g(<)g(>) | |
10560 | 102 b Ft(comparison)150 4854 y Fs(==)30 b(!=)258 b Ft(equalit)m(y)32 | |
10561 | b(and)e(inequalit)m(y)150 5016 y Fs(&)432 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 | |
10562 | b(AND)150 5178 y Fs(^)432 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 b(exclusiv)m(e)h(OR)150 | |
10563 | 5340 y Fs(|)432 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 b(OR)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
10564 | %%Page: 81 87 |
10565 | TeXDict begin 81 86 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10566 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(81)150 299 y Fs(&&)384 | |
0001803f CR |
10567 | b Ft(logical)33 b(AND)150 446 y Fs(||)384 b Ft(logical)33 |
10568 | b(OR)150 592 y Fs(expr)c(?)h(expr)f(:)h(expr)630 702 | |
10569 | y Ft(conditional)i(op)s(erator)150 849 y Fs(=)e(*=)g(/=)g(\045=)f(+=)h | |
10570 | (-=)g(<<=)f(>>=)h(&=)g(^=)f(|=)630 958 y Ft(assignmen)m(t)150 | |
10571 | 1105 y Fs(expr1)g(,)h(expr2)630 1214 y Ft(comma)275 1361 | |
10572 | y(Shell)38 b(v)-5 b(ariables)39 b(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(as)e(op)s | |
10573 | (erands;)i(parameter)e(expansion)g(is)f(p)s(erformed)g(b)s(efore)g(the) | |
10574 | 150 1471 y(expression)g(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated.)66 b(Within)38 | |
10575 | b(an)h(expression,)h(shell)e(v)-5 b(ariables)39 b(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s | |
10576 | (e)f(referenced)g(b)m(y)150 1580 y(name)31 b(without)f(using)g(the)h | |
10577 | (parameter)g(expansion)f(syn)m(tax.)42 b(A)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 | |
10578 | b(ariable)32 b(that)f(is)f(n)m(ull)h(or)f(unset)150 1690 | |
10579 | y(ev)-5 b(aluates)41 b(to)f(0)g(when)e(referenced)h(b)m(y)g(name)h | |
10580 | (without)f(using)g(the)g(parameter)h(expansion)f(syn)m(tax.)150 | |
10581 | 1800 y(The)c(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 | |
10582 | b(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(as)e(an)g(arithmetic)h(expression)f(when)f | |
10583 | (it)h(is)g(referenced,)i(or)150 1909 y(when)31 b(a)i(v)-5 | |
10584 | b(ariable)33 b(whic)m(h)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(giv)m(en)j(the)e | |
10585 | Fq(in)m(teger)40 b Ft(attribute)33 b(using)f(`)p Fs(declare)d(-i)p | |
495aee44 CR |
10586 | Ft(')i(is)i(assigned)150 2019 y(a)j(v)-5 b(alue.)58 b(A)36 |
10587 | b(n)m(ull)f(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(ev)-5 b(aluates)37 b(to)g(0.)57 | |
10588 | b(A)36 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(need)e(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(its)f | |
10589 | Fq(in)m(teger)44 b Ft(attribute)150 2128 y(turned)29 | |
10590 | b(on)h(to)i(b)s(e)d(used)h(in)g(an)g(expression.)275 | |
10591 | 2256 y(Constan)m(ts)41 b(with)g(a)h(leading)f(0)h(are)g(in)m(terpreted) | |
10592 | f(as)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)72 b(A)41 b(leading)h(`)p | |
10593 | Fs(0x)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(0X)p Ft(')150 2366 y(denotes)31 | |
10594 | b(hexadecimal.)42 b(Otherwise,)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(tak)m(e)j(the)f | |
10595 | (form)f([)p Fq(base)5 b Fs(#)p Ft(])p Fq(n)p Ft(,)31 | |
10596 | b(where)f(the)g(optional)i Fq(base)150 2476 y Ft(is)d(a)h(decimal)g(n)m | |
10597 | (um)m(b)s(er)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(2)h(and)e(64)i(represen)m(ting)g(the) | |
10598 | f(arithmetic)i(base,)e(and)g Fq(n)g Ft(is)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150 | |
10599 | 2585 y(in)41 b(that)i(base.)74 b(If)42 b Fq(base)5 b | |
10600 | Fs(#)41 b Ft(is)h(omitted,)k(then)41 b(base)h(10)g(is)g(used.)74 | |
10601 | b(The)41 b(digits)h(greater)h(than)e(9)i(are)150 2695 | |
10602 | y(represen)m(ted)38 b(b)m(y)f(the)h(lo)m(w)m(ercase)j(letters,)g(the)d | |
10603 | (upp)s(ercase)f(letters,)k(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)f(and)d(`)p | |
10604 | Fs(_)p Ft(',)j(in)d(that)i(order.)62 b(If)150 2804 y | |
10605 | Fq(base)28 b Ft(is)22 b(less)h(than)f(or)h(equal)f(to)i(36,)h(lo)m(w)m | |
10606 | (ercase)g(and)c(upp)s(ercase)h(letters)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)e(used)h(in)m | |
10607 | (terc)m(hangeably)150 2914 y(to)31 b(represen)m(t)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d | |
10608 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(10)h(and)d(35.)275 3042 y(Op)s(erators)44 | |
10609 | b(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)46 b(in)f(order)f(of)h(precedence.)85 | |
10610 | b(Sub-expressions)44 b(in)g(paren)m(theses)i(are)150 | |
10611 | 3152 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(\014rst)d(and)h(ma)m(y)h(o)m(v)m(erride)g | |
10612 | (the)g(precedence)g(rules)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 3371 | |
10613 | y Fr(6.6)68 b(Aliases)150 3531 y Fq(Aliases)41 b Ft(allo)m(w)d(a)f | |
10614 | (string)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(substituted)g(for)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(when)g(it)h | |
10615 | (is)f(used)f(as)i(the)g(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)h(of)h(a)150 | |
10616 | 3640 y(simple)32 b(command.)45 b(The)31 b(shell)i(main)m(tains)f(a)h | |
10617 | (list)f(of)g(aliases)i(that)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(set)h(and)g(unset)f | |
10618 | (with)h(the)150 3750 y Fs(alias)d Ft(and)h Fs(unalias)e | |
10619 | Ft(builtin)i(commands.)275 3878 y(The)f(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)i(of)f(eac)m | |
10620 | (h)i(simple)f(command,)g(if)f(unquoted,)g(is)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)h(to)g | |
10621 | (see)f(if)g(it)g(has)f(an)g(alias.)150 3988 y(If)24 b(so,)i(that)g(w)m | |
10622 | (ord)e(is)h(replaced)g(b)m(y)f(the)h(text)h(of)e(the)h(alias.)40 | |
10623 | b(The)24 b(c)m(haracters)i(`)p Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs($)p | |
10624 | Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')f(and)f(an)m(y)h(of)150 | |
10625 | 4097 y(the)e(shell)g(metac)m(haracters)i(or)e(quoting)g(c)m(haracters)h | |
10626 | (listed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(ma)m(y)f(not)g(app)s(ear)f(in)h(an)g(alias)h | |
10627 | (name.)150 4207 y(The)e(replacemen)m(t)h(text)g(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h | |
10628 | (an)m(y)e(v)-5 b(alid)23 b(shell)f(input,)h(including)f(shell)g(metac)m | |
10629 | (haracters.)40 b(The)150 4317 y(\014rst)35 b(w)m(ord)g(of)h(the)g | |
10630 | (replacemen)m(t)i(text)e(is)g(tested)h(for)e(aliases,)k(but)c(a)h(w)m | |
10631 | (ord)g(that)g(is)g(iden)m(tical)i(to)e(an)150 4426 y(alias)c(b)s(eing)f | |
10632 | (expanded)f(is)h(not)g(expanded)f(a)h(second)g(time.)43 | |
10633 | b(This)30 b(means)h(that)g(one)g(ma)m(y)h(alias)g Fs(ls)e | |
10634 | Ft(to)150 4536 y Fs("ls)f(-F")p Ft(,)36 b(for)f(instance,)i(and)d(Bash) | |
10635 | h(do)s(es)g(not)g(try)g(to)g(recursiv)m(ely)h(expand)e(the)h | |
10636 | (replacemen)m(t)i(text.)150 4645 y(If)31 b(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g | |
10637 | (of)f(the)g(alias)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(a)g(space)g(or)g(tab)g(c)m | |
10638 | (haracter,)i(then)d(the)h(next)g(command)150 4755 y(w)m(ord)e(follo)m | |
10639 | (wing)i(the)e(alias)i(is)e(also)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)g(for)e(alias)i | |
10640 | (expansion.)275 4883 y(Aliases)d(are)f(created)i(and)d(listed)i(with)f | |
10641 | (the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(command,)h(and)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(with)f(the)g | |
0001803f | 10642 | Fs(unalias)150 4993 y Ft(command.)275 5121 y(There)44 |
17345e5a JA |
10643 | b(is)h(no)g(mec)m(hanism)g(for)f(using)h(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h |
10644 | (replacemen)m(t)i(text,)i(as)d(in)e Fs(csh)p Ft(.)83 | |
0001803f | 10645 | b(If)150 5230 y(argumen)m(ts)37 b(are)h(needed,)g(a)g(shell)f(function) |
17345e5a | 10646 | f(should)g(b)s(e)h(used)f(\(see)i(Section)g(3.3)g([Shell)f(F)-8 |
495aee44 CR |
10647 | b(unctions],)150 5340 y(page)31 b(15\).)p eop end |
10648 | %%Page: 82 88 | |
10649 | TeXDict begin 82 87 bop 150 -116 a Ft(82)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
10650 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(Aliases)i(are)h(not)e(expanded)g |
10651 | (when)g(the)h(shell)g(is)g(not)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e,)j(unless)c(the)h | |
10652 | Fs(expand_aliases)150 408 y Ft(shell)e(option)f(is)h(set)g(using)f | |
10653 | Fs(shopt)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)h | |
495aee44 | 10654 | (page)g(57\).)275 542 y(The)38 b(rules)h(concerning)h(the)f |
0001803f | 10655 | (de\014nition)g(and)g(use)g(of)g(aliases)i(are)e(somewhat)h(confusing.) |
495aee44 | 10656 | 67 b(Bash)150 651 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)42 b(reads)f(at)h(least)g(one)f |
0001803f | 10657 | (complete)i(line)e(of)g(input)f(b)s(efore)h(executing)h(an)m(y)f(of)g |
495aee44 | 10658 | (the)g(commands)150 761 y(on)h(that)h(line.)77 b(Aliases)44 |
0001803f | 10659 | b(are)e(expanded)g(when)f(a)i(command)f(is)g(read,)k(not)c(when)g(it)g |
495aee44 | 10660 | (is)h(executed.)150 870 y(Therefore,)f(an)e(alias)h(de\014nition)e(app) |
0001803f | 10661 | s(earing)h(on)f(the)h(same)h(line)f(as)g(another)g(command)f(do)s(es)h |
495aee44 | 10662 | (not)150 980 y(tak)m(e)31 b(e\013ect)f(un)m(til)g(the)f(next)g(line)h |
0001803f | 10663 | (of)f(input)f(is)h(read.)41 b(The)28 b(commands)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)e |
495aee44 | 10664 | (alias)h(de\014nition)150 1090 y(on)d(that)h(line)f(are)h(not)f |
0001803f CR |
10665 | (a\013ected)i(b)m(y)e(the)g(new)g(alias.)41 b(This)26 |
10666 | b(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(is)g(also)h(an)f(issue)g(when)f(functions)150 | |
495aee44 | 10667 | 1199 y(are)d(executed.)39 b(Aliases)24 b(are)f(expanded)f(when)f(a)i |
0001803f | 10668 | (function)g(de\014nition)f(is)h(read,)h(not)f(when)e(the)i(function)150 |
495aee44 | 10669 | 1309 y(is)i(executed,)j(b)s(ecause)d(a)h(function)f(de\014nition)f(is)i |
0001803f | 10670 | (itself)g(a)f(comp)s(ound)f(command.)39 b(As)25 b(a)h(consequence,)150 |
495aee44 | 10671 | 1418 y(aliases)36 b(de\014ned)d(in)h(a)g(function)g(are)h(not)f(a)m(v) |
0001803f | 10672 | -5 b(ailable)37 b(un)m(til)d(after)h(that)g(function)f(is)g(executed.) |
495aee44 | 10673 | 53 b(T)-8 b(o)35 b(b)s(e)150 1528 y(safe,)41 b(alw)m(a)m(ys)f(put)d |
0001803f | 10674 | (alias)j(de\014nitions)e(on)g(a)h(separate)g(line,)i(and)d(do)g(not)g |
495aee44 CR |
10675 | (use)g Fs(alias)f Ft(in)h(comp)s(ound)150 1638 y(commands.)275 |
10676 | 1771 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(almost)g(ev)m(ery)g(purp)s(ose,)e(shell)i | |
17345e5a | 10677 | (functions)f(are)g(preferred)g(o)m(v)m(er)h(aliases.)150 |
495aee44 | 10678 | 2001 y Fr(6.7)68 b(Arra)l(ys)150 2160 y Ft(Bash)33 b(pro)m(vides)g |
0001803f CR |
10679 | (one-dimensional)g(indexed)f(and)h(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)i(arra)m(y)e(v)-5 |
10680 | b(ariables.)49 b(An)m(y)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(ma)m(y)150 | |
495aee44 | 10681 | 2270 y(b)s(e)e(used)h(as)g(an)g(indexed)f(arra)m(y;)j(the)e |
0001803f | 10682 | Fs(declare)e Ft(builtin)h(will)i(explicitly)g(declare)g(an)f(arra)m(y) |
495aee44 | 10683 | -8 b(.)46 b(There)32 b(is)150 2379 y(no)h(maxim)m(um)g(limit)h(on)f |
0001803f | 10684 | (the)g(size)h(of)g(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(nor)d(an)m(y)i(requiremen) |
495aee44 | 10685 | m(t)f(that)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(b)s(e)g(indexed)150 2489 |
0001803f CR |
10686 | y(or)26 b(assigned)h(con)m(tiguously)-8 b(.)41 b(Indexed)25 |
10687 | b(arra)m(ys)i(are)f(referenced)g(using)g(in)m(tegers)i(\(including)e | |
495aee44 CR |
10688 | (arithmetic)150 2598 y(expressions)41 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell) |
10689 | e(Arithmetic],)46 b(page)c(80\))g(and)f(are)g(zero-based;)48 | |
10690 | b(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)150 2708 y(arra)m(ys)31 b(use)f(arbitrary)g | |
10691 | (strings.)275 2841 y(An)c(indexed)h(arra)m(y)h(is)f(created)h | |
17345e5a | 10692 | (automatically)j(if)c(an)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(is)g(assigned)f(to)h |
495aee44 CR |
10693 | (using)f(the)g(syn)m(tax)390 2974 y Fs(name[)p Fi(subscript)11 |
10694 | b Fs(]=)p Fi(value)150 3108 y Ft(The)37 b Fq(subscript)h | |
10695 | Ft(is)f(treated)h(as)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(expression)e(that)g(m)m(ust)g | |
10696 | (ev)-5 b(aluate)39 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)59 b(If)150 | |
10697 | 3217 y Fq(subscript)29 b Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)29 b(to)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
10698 | (er)d(less)j(than)e(zero,)j(it)e(is)h(used)e(as)h(an)g(o\013set)h(from) | |
10699 | f(one)g(greater)h(than)150 3327 y(the)h(arra)m(y's)h(maxim)m(um)e | |
10700 | (index)h(\(so)g(a)h(sub)s(cript)d(of)i(-1)h(refers)e(to)i(the)f(last)h | |
10701 | (elemen)m(t)g(of)f(the)g(arra)m(y\).)41 b(T)-8 b(o)150 | |
10702 | 3436 y(explicitly)32 b(declare)f(an)g(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)31 | |
10703 | b(use)390 3570 y Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h Fi(name)150 3703 | |
10704 | y Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)390 3836 y Fs(declare)46 b(-a)h | |
10705 | Fi(name)11 b Fs([)p Fi(subscript)g Fs(])150 3969 y Ft(is)30 | |
10706 | b(also)i(accepted;)g(the)e Fq(subscript)h Ft(is)g(ignored.)275 | |
10707 | 4102 y(Asso)s(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(ys)f(are)g(created)g(using)390 | |
10708 | 4236 y Fs(declare)46 b(-A)h Fi(name)11 b Fs(.)275 4369 | |
10709 | y Ft(A)m(ttributes)46 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(for)h(an)g | |
10710 | (arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)47 b(using)e(the)h Fs(declare)e | |
10711 | Ft(and)h Fs(readonly)150 4478 y Ft(builtins.)40 b(Eac)m(h)31 | |
10712 | b(attribute)g(applies)g(to)g(all)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(an)h(arra)m(y) | |
10713 | -8 b(.)275 4612 y(Arra)m(ys)30 b(are)h(assigned)f(to)h(using)f(comp)s | |
10714 | (ound)f(assignmen)m(ts)i(of)g(the)f(form)390 4745 y Fs(name=\(value)p | |
10715 | Fi(1)55 b Fs(...)47 b(value)p Fi(n)11 b Fs(\))150 4878 | |
10716 | y Ft(where)37 b(eac)m(h)i Fq(v)-5 b(alue)42 b Ft(is)c(of)g(the)f(form)g | |
10717 | Fs([)p Fi(subscript)11 b Fs(]=)p Fq(string)d Ft(.)58 | |
10718 | b(Indexed)36 b(arra)m(y)i(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)150 | |
10719 | 4988 y(require)c(the)g(brac)m(k)m(et)h(and)e(subscript.)50 | |
10720 | b(When)34 b(assigning)g(to)g(indexed)g(arra)m(ys,)h(if)f(the)g | |
10721 | (optional)h(sub-)150 5097 y(script)c(is)h(supplied,)f(that)h(index)f | |
10722 | (is)h(assigned)g(to;)h(otherwise)f(the)f(index)h(of)f(the)h(elemen)m(t) | |
10723 | h(assigned)f(is)150 5207 y(the)f(last)g(index)f(assigned)g(to)h(b)m(y)g | |
10724 | (the)f(statemen)m(t)i(plus)e(one.)41 b(Indexing)30 b(starts)g(at)i | |
10725 | (zero.)275 5340 y(When)e(assigning)h(to)g(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j | |
10726 | (arra)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(the)e(subscript)f(is)i(required.)p | |
10727 | eop end | |
10728 | %%Page: 83 89 | |
10729 | TeXDict begin 83 88 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10730 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(83)275 299 y(This)30 | |
10731 | b(syn)m(tax)j(is)e(also)i(accepted)g(b)m(y)f(the)f Fs(declare)f | |
10732 | Ft(builtin.)44 b(Individual)31 b(arra)m(y)h(elemen)m(ts)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s | |
10733 | (e)150 408 y(assigned)e(to)g(using)f(the)g Fs(name[)p | |
10734 | Fq(subscript)r Fs(]=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)33 b Ft(syn)m(tax)e(in)m(tro)s | |
10735 | (duced)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)275 554 y(An)m(y)j(elemen)m(t)i(of)f(an)f | |
10736 | (arra)m(y)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(referenced)g(using)g Fs(${name[)p | |
10737 | Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})p Ft(.)46 b(The)33 b(braces)h(are)150 | |
10738 | 663 y(required)28 b(to)j(a)m(v)m(oid)f(con\015icts)g(with)f(the)h | |
10739 | (shell's)f(\014lename)h(expansion)f(op)s(erators.)41 | |
10740 | b(If)28 b(the)i Fq(subscript)g Ft(is)150 773 y(`)p Fs(@)p | |
10741 | Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(expands)f(to)i(all)f | |
10742 | (mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)h Fq(name)5 b Ft(.)40 | |
10743 | b(These)29 b(subscripts)e(di\013er)i(only)150 883 y(when)36 | |
10744 | b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(app)s(ears)g(within)g(double)g(quotes.)60 | |
10745 | b(If)36 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(double-quoted,)j Fs(${name[*]})150 | |
10746 | 992 y Ft(expands)20 b(to)h(a)g(single)g(w)m(ord)f(with)h(the)g(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 10747 | b(alue)21 b(of)f(eac)m(h)i(arra)m(y)f(mem)m(b)s(er)f(separated)h(b)m(y) |
495aee44 | 10748 | g(the)f(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)150 1102 y(of)38 b(the)g |
0001803f CR |
10749 | Fs(IFS)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)41 b(and)c Fs(${name[@]})e |
10750 | Ft(expands)i(eac)m(h)i(elemen)m(t)g(of)f Fq(name)43 b | |
495aee44 | 10751 | Ft(to)c(a)f(separate)h(w)m(ord.)150 1211 y(When)32 b(there)h(are)f(no)g |
0001803f | 10752 | (arra)m(y)h(mem)m(b)s(ers,)f Fs(${name[@]})e Ft(expands)h(to)i |
495aee44 | 10753 | (nothing.)47 b(If)31 b(the)i(double-quoted)150 1321 y(expansion)39 |
0001803f | 10754 | b(o)s(ccurs)h(within)f(a)h(w)m(ord,)i(the)d(expansion)h(of)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 10755 | (\014rst)g(parameter)h(is)g(joined)f(with)h(the)150 1431 |
0001803f CR |
10756 | y(b)s(eginning)j(part)h(of)g(the)g(original)h(w)m(ord,)j(and)43 |
10757 | b(the)h(expansion)g(of)g(the)g(last)h(parameter)f(is)g(joined)150 | |
495aee44 | 10758 | 1540 y(with)35 b(the)g(last)h(part)f(of)g(the)g(original)h(w)m(ord.)55 |
0001803f | 10759 | b(This)34 b(is)h(analogous)h(to)g(the)f(expansion)g(of)g(the)g(sp)s |
495aee44 | 10760 | (ecial)150 1650 y(parameters)28 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p |
0001803f CR |
10761 | Fs(*)p Ft('.)39 b Fs(${#name[)p Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})24 |
10762 | b Ft(expands)j(to)h(the)g(length)g(of)f Fs(${name[)p | |
495aee44 | 10763 | Fq(subscript)r Fs(]})p Ft(.)150 1759 y(If)j Fq(subscript)i |
0001803f CR |
10764 | Ft(is)f(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(expansion)g(is) |
10765 | g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(elemen)m(ts)h(in)f(the)g(arra)m(y)-8 | |
495aee44 | 10766 | b(.)42 b(Referencing)150 1869 y(an)30 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
10767 | b(ariable)31 b(without)g(a)f(subscript)g(is)g(equiv)-5 |
10768 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(referencing)g(with)f(a)g(subscript)g(of)g(0.)275 | |
495aee44 | 10769 | 2014 y(An)35 b(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)g(considered)f(set)h |
0001803f | 10770 | (if)f(a)h(subscript)e(has)h(b)s(een)g(assigned)g(a)h(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
10771 | b(alue.)59 b(The)36 b(n)m(ull)150 2124 y(string)30 b(is)h(a)g(v)-5 |
10772 | b(alid)30 b(v)-5 b(alue.)275 2269 y(The)32 b Fs(unset)g | |
0001803f CR |
10773 | Ft(builtin)h(is)g(used)g(to)h(destro)m(y)g(arra)m(ys.)50 |
10774 | b Fs(unset)31 b Fq(name)5 b Ft([)p Fq(subscript)r Ft(])33 | |
495aee44 | 10775 | b(destro)m(ys)h(the)f(arra)m(y)150 2379 y(elemen)m(t)i(at)g(index)f |
0001803f CR |
10776 | Fq(subscript)r Ft(.)50 b(Care)34 b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)h(tak)m(en)h(to)f(a) |
10777 | m(v)m(oid)i(un)m(w)m(an)m(ted)e(side)g(e\013ects)h(caused)f(b)m(y)150 | |
495aee44 | 10778 | 2488 y(\014lename)40 b(expansion.)69 b Fs(unset)39 b |
0001803f CR |
10779 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)42 b(where)e Fq(name)45 b Ft(is)39 b(an)h(arra)m(y)-8 |
10780 | b(,)44 b(remo)m(v)m(es)d(the)f(en)m(tire)h(arra)m(y)-8 | |
495aee44 | 10781 | b(.)70 b(A)150 2598 y(subscript)29 b(of)i(`)p Fs(*)p |
17345e5a | 10782 | Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(also)h(remo)m(v)m(es)h(the)f(en)m(tire)g |
495aee44 | 10783 | (arra)m(y)-8 b(.)275 2743 y(The)41 b Fs(declare)p Ft(,)i |
17345e5a JA |
10784 | Fs(local)p Ft(,)h(and)d Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtins)h(eac)m(h)j(accept)f |
10785 | (a)f(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)f(sp)s(ecify)g(an)150 | |
495aee44 | 10786 | 2853 y(indexed)34 b(arra)m(y)h(and)f(a)h(`)p Fs(-A)p |
17345e5a JA |
10787 | Ft(')g(option)g(to)g(sp)s(ecify)g(an)f(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)-8 |
10788 | b(.)55 b(The)34 b Fs(read)f Ft(builtin)i(accepts)150 | |
495aee44 | 10789 | 2963 y(a)h(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(assign)g(a)f(list)h(of)g(w) |
17345e5a | 10790 | m(ords)f(read)g(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)h(to)h(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 |
495aee44 | 10791 | b(,)38 b(and)d(can)150 3072 y(read)c(v)-5 b(alues)31 |
17345e5a JA |
10792 | b(from)f(the)h(standard)f(input)g(in)m(to)i(individual)e(arra)m(y)h |
10793 | (elemen)m(ts.)44 b(The)30 b Fs(set)g Ft(and)g Fs(declare)150 | |
495aee44 | 10794 | 3182 y Ft(builtins)g(displa)m(y)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(alues)31 |
17345e5a | 10795 | b(in)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)g(allo)m(ws)h(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)g |
495aee44 CR |
10796 | (as)g(input.)150 3431 y Fr(6.8)68 b(The)45 b(Directory)g(Stac)l(k)150 |
10797 | 3590 y Ft(The)21 b(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(is)e(a)h(list)g(of)f(recen)m | |
0001803f | 10798 | (tly-visited)j(directories.)39 b(The)20 b Fs(pushd)g |
495aee44 | 10799 | Ft(builtin)h(adds)g(directories)150 3700 y(to)42 b(the)f(stac)m(k)i(as) |
0001803f CR |
10800 | e(it)h(c)m(hanges)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(directory)-8 b(,)45 |
10801 | b(and)40 b(the)i Fs(popd)e Ft(builtin)g(remo)m(v)m(es)j(sp)s(eci\014ed) | |
495aee44 | 10802 | 150 3809 y(directories)29 b(from)f(the)h(stac)m(k)h(and)d(c)m(hanges)j |
0001803f | 10803 | (the)e(curren)m(t)g(directory)h(to)g(the)g(directory)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.) |
495aee44 CR |
10804 | 41 b(The)150 3919 y Fs(dirs)29 b Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)h(the)f(con)m |
10805 | (ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)f(directory)h(stac)m(k.)275 4064 | |
0001803f CR |
10806 | y(The)k(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(the)h(directory)f(stac)m(k)h(are)f(also)h |
10807 | (visible)g(as)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)g(the)g Fs(DIRSTACK)e | |
495aee44 CR |
10808 | Ft(shell)150 4174 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4384 y Fj(6.8.1)63 |
10809 | b(Directory)40 b(Stac)m(k)g(Builtins)150 4561 y Fs(dirs)870 | |
10810 | 4701 y(dirs)47 b([+)p Fi(N)57 b Fs(|)48 b(-)p Fi(N)11 | |
10811 | b Fs(])46 b([-clpv])630 4841 y Ft(Displa)m(y)35 b(the)f(list)g(of)g | |
0001803f | 10812 | (curren)m(tly)g(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(directories.)51 b(Directories)36 |
495aee44 | 10813 | b(are)e(added)f(to)630 4951 y(the)28 b(list)h(with)f(the)g |
0001803f | 10814 | Fs(pushd)f Ft(command;)i(the)f Fs(popd)f Ft(command)h(remo)m(v)m(es)h |
495aee44 | 10815 | (directories)g(from)630 5060 y(the)i(list.)630 5230 y |
0001803f CR |
10816 | Fs(+)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(Displa)m(ys)23 b(the)f Fq(N)10 b |
10817 | Ft(th)21 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)h(from)e(the)h(left)g(of)g(the)g | |
495aee44 CR |
10818 | (list)g(prin)m(ted)1110 5340 y(b)m(y)30 b Fs(dirs)f Ft(when)h(in)m(v)m |
10819 | (ok)m(ed)i(without)e(options\),)h(starting)g(with)g(zero.)p | |
10820 | eop end | |
10821 | %%Page: 84 90 | |
10822 | TeXDict begin 84 89 bop 150 -116 a Ft(84)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
10823 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(-)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(Displa)m(ys)47 | |
10824 | b(the)g Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)46 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)g(from)f(the)g | |
10825 | (righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)f(list)1110 408 y(prin)m(ted)25 | |
10826 | b(b)m(y)g Fs(dirs)g Ft(when)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)j(without)f(options\),)h | |
10827 | (starting)g(with)e(zero.)630 565 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(Clears)31 | |
0001803f | 10828 | b(the)f(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(b)m(y)e(deleting)h(all)h(of)e(the)h |
495aee44 | 10829 | (elemen)m(ts.)630 722 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(Pro)s(duces)30 |
0001803f | 10830 | b(a)i(longer)g(listing;)h(the)f(default)f(listing)i(format)e(uses)g(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
10831 | (tilde)g(to)1110 831 y(denote)f(the)f(home)h(directory)-8 |
10832 | b(.)630 988 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(Causes)30 b Fs(dirs)f Ft(to)i(prin)m(t)f | |
0001803f | 10833 | (the)h(directory)g(stac)m(k)h(with)e(one)g(en)m(try)h(p)s(er)e(line.) |
495aee44 CR |
10834 | 630 1145 y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(Causes)36 b Fs(dirs)f Ft(to)i(prin)m(t)f(the) |
10835 | g(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(with)e(one)h(en)m(try)f(p)s(er)f(line,)1110 | |
10836 | 1254 y(pre\014xing)30 b(eac)m(h)h(en)m(try)g(with)f(its)h(index)e(in)i | |
10837 | (the)f(stac)m(k.)150 1411 y Fs(popd)870 1544 y(popd)47 | |
0001803f | 10838 | b([+)p Fi(N)57 b Fs(|)48 b(-)p Fi(N)11 b Fs(])46 b([-n])630 |
495aee44 | 10839 | 1677 y Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)26 b(the)e(top)g(en)m(try)h(from)e(the)h |
0001803f | 10840 | (directory)h(stac)m(k,)i(and)c Fs(cd)h Ft(to)h(the)f(new)f(top)i |
495aee44 | 10841 | (directory)-8 b(.)630 1787 y(When)32 b(no)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)g(giv)m |
0001803f | 10842 | (en,)h Fs(popd)d Ft(remo)m(v)m(es)j(the)f(top)f(directory)h(from)f(the) |
495aee44 | 10843 | g(stac)m(k)630 1897 y(and)f(p)s(erforms)e(a)j Fs(cd)f |
0001803f | 10844 | Ft(to)h(the)f(new)g(top)h(directory)-8 b(.)44 b(The)31 |
495aee44 | 10845 | b(elemen)m(ts)i(are)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)f(from)630 2006 |
0001803f CR |
10846 | y(0)d(starting)g(at)g(the)g(\014rst)f(directory)h(listed)g(with)f |
10847 | Fs(dirs)p Ft(;)h(i.e.,)i Fs(popd)c Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)28 | |
495aee44 | 10848 | b(to)f Fs(popd)630 2116 y(+0)p Ft(.)630 2273 y Fs(+)p |
0001803f CR |
10849 | Fi(N)384 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(es)22 b(the)f Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)20 |
10850 | b(directory)g(\(coun)m(ting)i(from)e(the)g(left)h(of)g(the)f(list)h | |
495aee44 CR |
10851 | (prin)m(ted)1110 2382 y(b)m(y)30 b Fs(dirs)p Ft(\),)g(starting)h(with)f |
10852 | (zero.)630 2539 y Fs(-)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(es)46 | |
0001803f | 10853 | b(the)g Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)44 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)h(from)f(the)g |
495aee44 | 10854 | (righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)g(list)1110 2648 y(prin)m(ted)30 |
0001803f | 10855 | b(b)m(y)g Fs(dirs)p Ft(\),)g(starting)h(with)f(zero.)630 |
495aee44 CR |
10856 | 2805 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Suppresses)27 b(the)j(normal)g(c)m(hange)g(of)g |
10857 | (directory)g(when)e(remo)m(ving)j(directo-)1110 2915 | |
0001803f | 10858 | y(ries)f(from)g(the)h(stac)m(k,)h(so)f(that)g(only)f(the)h(stac)m(k)g |
495aee44 | 10859 | (is)g(manipulated.)150 3071 y Fs(pushd)870 3205 y(pushd)46 |
0001803f | 10860 | b([-n])h([+)p Fi(N)57 b Fs(|)48 b Fi(-N)58 b Fs(|)47 |
495aee44 | 10861 | b Fi(dir)57 b Fs(])630 3338 y Ft(Sa)m(v)m(e)29 b(the)f(curren)m(t)g |
0001803f | 10862 | (directory)g(on)g(the)g(top)g(of)g(the)g(directory)h(stac)m(k)g(and)e |
495aee44 | 10863 | (then)h Fs(cd)f Ft(to)i Fq(dir)7 b Ft(.)630 3447 y(With)31 |
0001803f | 10864 | b(no)f(argumen)m(ts,)h Fs(pushd)e Ft(exc)m(hanges)j(the)e(top)h(t)m(w)m |
495aee44 | 10865 | (o)h(directories.)630 3604 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Suppresses)26 |
0001803f | 10866 | b(the)i(normal)h(c)m(hange)g(of)f(directory)h(when)e(adding)h |
495aee44 CR |
10867 | (directories)1110 3714 y(to)j(the)g(stac)m(k,)h(so)e(that)h(only)g(the) |
10868 | f(stac)m(k)i(is)f(manipulated.)630 3870 y Fs(+)p Fi(N)384 | |
0001803f CR |
10869 | b Ft(Brings)29 b(the)f Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)29 b(directory)g(\(coun)m(ting)h |
10870 | (from)e(the)g(left)i(of)e(the)h(list)g(prin)m(ted)1110 | |
495aee44 | 10871 | 3980 y(b)m(y)34 b Fs(dirs)p Ft(,)g(starting)h(with)f(zero\))i(to)f(the) |
0001803f | 10872 | f(top)g(of)h(the)f(list)h(b)m(y)f(rotating)i(the)1110 |
495aee44 | 10873 | 4089 y(stac)m(k.)630 4246 y Fs(-)p Fi(N)384 b Ft(Brings)23 |
17345e5a | 10874 | b(the)g Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)23 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)g(from)e(the)i |
495aee44 | 10875 | (righ)m(t)f(of)g(the)h(list)f(prin)m(ted)1110 4356 y(b)m(y)34 |
17345e5a | 10876 | b Fs(dirs)p Ft(,)g(starting)h(with)f(zero\))i(to)f(the)f(top)g(of)h |
495aee44 CR |
10877 | (the)f(list)h(b)m(y)f(rotating)i(the)1110 4465 y(stac)m(k.)630 |
10878 | 4622 y Fi(dir)336 b Ft(Mak)m(es)36 b(the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)g | |
17345e5a | 10879 | (directory)g(b)s(e)f(the)h(top)g(of)g(the)g(stac)m(k,)j(and)1110 |
495aee44 | 10880 | 4732 y(then)30 b(executes)i(the)e(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 |
17345e5a | 10881 | b(of)f(`)p Fs(cd)f Fq(dir)7 b Ft('.)39 b Fs(cd)p Ft(s)30 |
495aee44 CR |
10882 | b(to)h Fq(dir)7 b Ft(.)150 4961 y Fr(6.9)68 b(Con)l(trolling)47 |
10883 | b(the)e(Prompt)150 5121 y Ft(The)24 b(v)-5 b(alue)24 | |
0001803f CR |
10884 | b(of)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)20 |
10885 | b Ft(is)25 b(examined)f(just)g(b)s(efore)f(Bash)i(prin)m(ts)e(eac)m(h)j | |
495aee44 | 10886 | (primary)150 5230 y(prompt.)39 b(If)28 b Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)d |
0001803f CR |
10887 | Ft(is)j(set)h(and)f(has)g(a)h(non-n)m(ull)f(v)-5 b(alue,)29 |
10888 | b(then)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)f(executed)i(just)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
10889 | 5340 y(as)h(if)f(it)h(had)f(b)s(een)f(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(on)h(the)f(command) |
10890 | g(line.)p eop end | |
10891 | %%Page: 85 91 | |
10892 | TeXDict begin 85 90 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
10893 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(85)275 299 y(In)27 | |
10894 | b(addition,)j(the)f(follo)m(wing)h(table)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(sp)s | |
10895 | (ecial)g(c)m(haracters)h(whic)m(h)f(can)f(app)s(ear)g(in)h(the)150 | |
10896 | 408 y(prompt)g(v)-5 b(ariables:)150 572 y Fs(\\a)384 | |
10897 | b Ft(A)30 b(b)s(ell)h(c)m(haracter.)150 735 y Fs(\\d)384 | |
17345e5a JA |
10898 | b Ft(The)30 b(date,)h(in)f Fs(")p Ft(W)-8 b(eekda)m(y)32 |
10899 | b(Mon)m(th)f(Date)p Fs(")h Ft(format)f(\(e.g.,)h Fs(")p | |
495aee44 CR |
10900 | Ft(T)-8 b(ue)30 b(Ma)m(y)h(26)p Fs(")p Ft(\).)150 897 |
10901 | y Fs(\\D{)p Fi(format)11 b Fs(})630 1006 y Ft(The)27 | |
10902 | b Fq(format)i Ft(is)f(passed)e(to)i Fs(strftime)p Ft(\(3\))f(and)f(the) | |
10903 | i(result)f(is)g(inserted)g(in)m(to)h(the)g(prompt)630 | |
10904 | 1116 y(string;)42 b(an)d(empt)m(y)f Fq(format)j Ft(results)d(in)g(a)h | |
17345e5a | 10905 | (lo)s(cale-sp)s(eci\014c)h(time)f(represen)m(tation.)65 |
495aee44 | 10906 | b(The)630 1226 y(braces)31 b(are)f(required.)150 1388 |
17345e5a | 10907 | y Fs(\\e)384 b Ft(An)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
10908 | 1550 y Fs(\\h)384 b Ft(The)30 b(hostname,)h(up)e(to)i(the)g(\014rst)e |
10909 | (`.'.)150 1712 y Fs(\\H)384 b Ft(The)30 b(hostname.)150 | |
10910 | 1875 y Fs(\\j)384 b Ft(The)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(jobs)g(curren)m | |
10911 | (tly)h(managed)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell.)150 2037 y Fs(\\l)384 | |
17345e5a | 10912 | b Ft(The)30 b(basename)h(of)f(the)h(shell's)f(terminal)h(device)g |
495aee44 CR |
10913 | (name.)150 2199 y Fs(\\n)384 b Ft(A)30 b(newline.)150 |
10914 | 2362 y Fs(\\r)384 b Ft(A)30 b(carriage)i(return.)150 | |
10915 | 2524 y Fs(\\s)384 b Ft(The)22 b(name)g(of)h(the)f(shell,)i(the)f | |
17345e5a | 10916 | (basename)f(of)h Fs($0)f Ft(\(the)g(p)s(ortion)g(follo)m(wing)i(the)f |
495aee44 CR |
10917 | (\014nal)e(slash\).)150 2686 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(The)30 |
10918 | b(time,)h(in)f(24-hour)h(HH:MM:SS)g(format.)150 2849 | |
17345e5a | 10919 | y Fs(\\T)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(HH:MM:SS)g(format.) |
495aee44 CR |
10920 | 150 3011 y Fs(\\@)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(am/pm)f |
10921 | (format.)150 3173 y Fs(\\A)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(24-hour)h | |
10922 | (HH:MM)g(format.)150 3335 y Fs(\\u)384 b Ft(The)30 b(username)g(of)g | |
10923 | (the)h(curren)m(t)f(user.)150 3498 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
10924 | b(v)m(ersion)h(of)f(Bash)h(\(e.g.,)h(2.00\))150 3660 | |
17345e5a | 10925 | y Fs(\\V)384 b Ft(The)30 b(release)i(of)e(Bash,)h(v)m(ersion)g |
495aee44 | 10926 | Fs(+)f Ft(patc)m(hlev)m(el)i(\(e.g.,)h(2.00.0\))150 3822 |
0001803f CR |
10927 | y Fs(\\w)384 b Ft(The)34 b(curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 |
10928 | b(,)37 b(with)e Fs($HOME)e Ft(abbreviated)j(with)e(a)h(tilde)h(\(uses)f | |
495aee44 CR |
10929 | (the)630 3932 y Fs($PROMPT_DIRTRIM)26 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable\).)150 |
10930 | 4094 y Fs(\\W)384 b Ft(The)30 b(basename)h(of)f Fs($PWD)p | |
17345e5a | 10931 | Ft(,)g(with)g Fs($HOME)f Ft(abbreviated)h(with)g(a)h(tilde.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
10932 | 4257 y Fs(\\!)384 b Ft(The)30 b(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(this)f |
10933 | (command.)150 4419 y Fs(\\#)384 b Ft(The)30 b(command)g(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
10934 | (er)f(of)i(this)f(command.)150 4581 y Fs(\\$)384 b Ft(If)30 | |
17345e5a | 10935 | b(the)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(uid)d(is)g(0,)h Fs(#)p Ft(,)g(otherwise)g |
495aee44 | 10936 | Fs($)p Ft(.)150 4743 y Fs(\\)p Fi(nnn)288 b Ft(The)30 |
17345e5a | 10937 | b(c)m(haracter)i(whose)e(ASCI)s(I)f(co)s(de)h(is)h(the)f(o)s(ctal)i(v) |
495aee44 CR |
10938 | -5 b(alue)31 b Fq(nnn)p Ft(.)150 4906 y Fs(\\\\)384 b |
10939 | Ft(A)30 b(bac)m(kslash.)150 5068 y Fs(\\[)384 b Ft(Begin)38 | |
17345e5a JA |
10940 | b(a)f(sequence)g(of)g(non-prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters.)61 |
10941 | b(This)36 b(could)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)h(em)m(b)s(ed)g(a)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
10942 | 5178 y(terminal)31 b(con)m(trol)h(sequence)e(in)m(to)i(the)e(prompt.) |
10943 | 150 5340 y Fs(\\])384 b Ft(End)29 b(a)i(sequence)g(of)f(non-prin)m | |
10944 | (ting)g(c)m(haracters.)p eop end | |
10945 | %%Page: 86 92 | |
10946 | TeXDict begin 86 91 bop 150 -116 a Ft(86)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
10947 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(The)25 b(command)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f | |
17345e5a | 10948 | (and)h(the)g(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(are)i(usually)f(di\013eren)m |
495aee44 CR |
10949 | (t:)39 b(the)26 b(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150 408 y(of)h(a)f(command) |
10950 | h(is)f(its)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g(the)h(history)f(list,)i(whic)m(h)f(ma)m | |
10951 | (y)g(include)f(commands)g(restored)g(from)150 518 y(the)39 | |
10952 | b(history)h(\014le)f(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1)h([Bash)e(History)h(F)-8 | |
10953 | b(acilities],)45 b(page)40 b(125\),)j(while)d(the)f(command)150 | |
10954 | 628 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(is)h(the)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g(the)g(sequence)h | |
10955 | (of)f(commands)g(executed)h(during)e(the)i(curren)m(t)f(shell)150 | |
10956 | 737 y(session.)275 874 y(After)35 b(the)g(string)g(is)g(deco)s(ded,)h | |
10957 | (it)f(is)g(expanded)f(via)i(parameter)f(expansion,)i(command)d(substi-) | |
10958 | 150 983 y(tution,)k(arithmetic)f(expansion,)g(and)e(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 | |
0001803f | 10959 | b(al,)39 b(sub)5 b(ject)35 b(to)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)36 |
495aee44 CR |
10960 | b(of)g(the)g Fs(promptvars)150 1093 y Ft(shell)31 b(option)f(\(see)i |
10961 | (Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).)150 | |
10962 | 1328 y Fr(6.10)68 b(The)45 b(Restricted)h(Shell)150 1488 | |
0001803f CR |
10963 | y Ft(If)27 b(Bash)h(is)g(started)g(with)g(the)g(name)g |
10964 | Fs(rbash)p Ft(,)f(or)g(the)h(`)p Fs(--restricted)p Ft(')d(or)j(`)p | |
495aee44 | 10965 | Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(supplied)e(at)150 1597 y(in)m(v)m(o)s |
0001803f CR |
10966 | (cation,)k(the)d(shell)g(b)s(ecomes)h(restricted.)40 |
10967 | b(A)27 b(restricted)h(shell)f(is)g(used)f(to)i(set)f(up)f(an)h(en)m | |
495aee44 | 10968 | (vironmen)m(t)150 1707 y(more)g(con)m(trolled)i(than)e(the)g(standard)g |
0001803f | 10969 | (shell.)40 b(A)27 b(restricted)h(shell)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)h(iden)m |
495aee44 | 10970 | (tically)h(to)f Fs(bash)e Ft(with)150 1817 y(the)31 b(exception)g(that) |
0001803f | 10971 | g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(are)e(disallo)m(w)m(ed)i(or)e(not)h(p)s |
495aee44 CR |
10972 | (erformed:)225 1953 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Changing)30 b(directories)h(with) |
10973 | g(the)f Fs(cd)g Ft(builtin.)225 2089 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Setting)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
10974 | b(or)f(unsetting)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)h(the)f |
10975 | Fs(SHELL)p Ft(,)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(,)f Fs(ENV)p Ft(,)h(or)g | |
495aee44 | 10976 | Fs(BASH_ENV)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)225 2224 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a | 10977 | b Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(command)g(names)g(con)m(taining)i(slashes.)225 |
495aee44 | 10978 | 2360 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(a)h(\014lename)f(con)m |
17345e5a | 10979 | (taining)i(a)f(slash)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 10980 | Fs(.)h Ft(builtin)e(command.)225 2495 y Fp(\017)60 b |
17345e5a JA |
10981 | Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)28 b(a)i(\014lename)f(con)m(taining)h(a)g(slash)e(as)h |
10982 | (an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)f(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f | |
495aee44 | 10983 | Fs(hash)330 2605 y Ft(builtin)h(command.)225 2740 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a | 10984 | b Ft(Imp)s(orting)30 b(function)g(de\014nitions)g(from)f(the)i(shell)g |
495aee44 | 10985 | (en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 2876 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
10986 | b Ft(P)m(arsing)31 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fs(SHELLOPTS)d |
10987 | Ft(from)h(the)i(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 | |
495aee44 | 10988 | 3011 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Redirecting)31 b(output)f(using)g(the)h(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
10989 | Fs(>)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(>|)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(<>)p Ft(',)h(`)p |
10990 | Fs(>&)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(&>)p Ft(',)h(and)e(`)p Fs(>>)p | |
495aee44 | 10991 | Ft(')i(redirection)g(op)s(erators.)225 3147 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a | 10992 | b Ft(Using)31 b(the)f Fs(exec)f Ft(builtin)h(to)h(replace)h(the)e |
495aee44 | 10993 | (shell)h(with)f(another)h(command.)225 3282 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
10994 | b Ft(Adding)40 b(or)h(deleting)h(builtin)e(commands)h(with)f(the)h(`)p |
10995 | Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')h(options)g(to)h(the)f | |
495aee44 | 10996 | Fs(enable)330 3392 y Ft(builtin.)225 3527 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a | 10997 | b Ft(Using)31 b(the)f Fs(enable)f Ft(builtin)h(command)g(to)h(enable)g |
495aee44 | 10998 | (disabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)225 3663 y Fp(\017)60 b |
17345e5a | 10999 | Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')h(option)g(to)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 11000 | Fs(command)f Ft(builtin.)225 3798 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(T)-8 |
0001803f CR |
11001 | b(urning)29 b(o\013)i(restricted)g(mo)s(de)f(with)g(`)p |
11002 | Fs(set)g(+r)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(set)g(+o)g(restricted)p | |
495aee44 CR |
11003 | Ft('.)275 3961 y(These)g(restrictions)h(are)g(enforced)f(after)h(an)m |
11004 | (y)g(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h(read.)275 4097 y(When)j(a)i(command)e | |
0001803f | 11005 | (that)i(is)f(found)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(shell)g(script)g(is)g(executed)h |
495aee44 CR |
11006 | (\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)150 4207 y(Scripts],)25 |
11007 | b(page)e(34\),)j Fs(rbash)c Ft(turns)g(o\013)i(an)m(y)f(restrictions)h | |
0001803f | 11008 | (in)f(the)g(shell)h(spa)m(wned)e(to)i(execute)g(the)g(script.)150 |
495aee44 | 11009 | 4442 y Fr(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)150 4602 |
0001803f CR |
11010 | y Ft(Starting)34 b(Bash)f(with)g(the)g(`)p Fs(--posix)p |
11011 | Ft(')f(command-line)i(option)g(or)f(executing)h(`)p Fs(set)c(-o)g | |
495aee44 | 11012 | (posix)p Ft(')i(while)150 4711 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e(will)j(cause) |
0001803f | 11013 | f(Bash)g(to)h(conform)f(more)g(closely)h(to)g(the)f Fl(posix)f |
495aee44 | 11014 | Ft(standard)g(b)m(y)h(c)m(hanging)150 4821 y(the)31 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f |
0001803f CR |
11015 | (to)h(matc)m(h)g(that)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)g |
11016 | Ft(in)g(areas)h(where)f(the)h(Bash)f(default)h(di\013ers.)275 | |
495aee44 | 11017 | 4957 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g Fs(sh)p Ft(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g |
0001803f | 11018 | Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de)h(after)h(reading)g(the)f(startup)g(\014les.)275 |
495aee44 CR |
11019 | 5094 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)j(list)f(is)g(what's)f(c)m(hanged)h(when)e(`) |
11020 | p Fl(posix)h Ft(mo)s(de')h(is)f(in)g(e\013ect:)199 5230 | |
0001803f CR |
11021 | y(1.)61 b(When)28 b(a)i(command)e(in)g(the)h(hash)f(table)i(no)e |
11022 | (longer)h(exists,)h(Bash)f(will)g(re-searc)m(h)h Fs($PATH)d | |
495aee44 | 11023 | Ft(to)i(\014nd)330 5340 y(the)i(new)e(lo)s(cation.)43 |
0001803f | 11024 | b(This)29 b(is)i(also)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(with)d(`)p |
495aee44 CR |
11025 | Fs(shopt)f(-s)h(checkhash)p Ft('.)p eop end |
11026 | %%Page: 87 93 | |
11027 | TeXDict begin 87 92 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
11028 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(87)199 299 y(2.)61 | |
11029 | b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s | |
11030 | (de)e(and)f(builtins)h(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h(with)f(a)330 | |
11031 | 408 y(non-zero)31 b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 | |
11032 | 540 y(3.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con)m | |
11033 | (trol)h(co)s(de)g(and)f(builtins)f(when)h(a)g(job)g(is)h(stopp)s(ed)e | |
11034 | (is)330 650 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fq(signame)5 b Ft(\)',)31 | |
11035 | b(where)f Fq(signame)36 b Ft(is,)31 b(for)f(example,)h | |
11036 | Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)199 781 y(4.)61 b(The)27 b Fs(bg)g | |
11037 | Ft(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h(required)f(format)h(to)g(describ)s(e)f(eac)m | |
11038 | (h)i(job)e(placed)h(in)f(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 891 | |
11039 | y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g(an)g(indication)h(of)f(whether)f | |
11040 | (the)h(job)g(is)g(the)h(curren)m(t)e(or)h(previous)g(job.)199 | |
11041 | 1022 y(5.)61 b(Reserv)m(ed)40 b(w)m(ords)g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(a)g(con) | |
11042 | m(text)i(where)d(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords)f(are)i(recognized)g(do)f(not) | |
11043 | 330 1132 y(undergo)30 b(alias)h(expansion.)199 1263 y(6.)61 | |
11044 | b(The)38 b Fl(posix)h Fs(PS1)f Ft(and)g Fs(PS2)g Ft(expansions)g(of)i | |
11045 | (`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(to)g(the)g(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(and)g(`)p | |
11046 | Fs(!!)p Ft(')h(to)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')h(are)330 1373 y(enabled,)26 | |
17345e5a JA |
11047 | b(and)f(parameter)g(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i(the)g(v)-5 |
11048 | b(alues)25 b(of)g Fs(PS1)f Ft(and)h Fs(PS2)f Ft(regardless)330 | |
495aee44 CR |
11049 | 1482 y(of)31 b(the)f(setting)i(of)e(the)h Fs(promptvars)c |
11050 | Ft(option.)199 1614 y(7.)61 b(The)30 b Fl(posix)g Ft(startup)f(\014les) | |
17345e5a | 11051 | i(are)g(executed)g(\()p Fs($ENV)p Ft(\))f(rather)g(than)g(the)h(normal) |
495aee44 | 11052 | f(Bash)g(\014les.)199 1745 y(8.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h |
17345e5a | 11053 | (p)s(erformed)f(on)h(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)g(a)g(command)g(name,)g |
495aee44 CR |
11054 | (rather)330 1855 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h |
11055 | (on)e(the)h(line.)199 1987 y(9.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h | |
17345e5a JA |
11056 | (\014le)f(is)h(`)p Fs(~/.sh_history)p Ft(')c(\(this)k(is)f(the)g |
11057 | (default)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($HISTFILE)p Ft(\).)154 | |
495aee44 | 11058 | 2118 y(10.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Fs(kill)29 |
17345e5a | 11059 | b(-l)p Ft(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g(on)g(a)h |
495aee44 | 11060 | (single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 2228 |
17345e5a | 11061 | y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154 |
495aee44 | 11062 | 2359 y(11.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(kill)f Ft(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) |
17345e5a | 11063 | h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154 |
495aee44 | 11064 | 2491 y(12.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g |
17345e5a | 11065 | Fq(\014lename)k Ft(in)30 b Fs(.)g Fq(\014lename)36 b |
495aee44 | 11066 | Ft(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 2622 y(13.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 |
17345e5a | 11067 | b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h |
495aee44 CR |
11068 | (expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an)330 2732 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 |
11069 | b(expression.)154 2863 y(14.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)27 | |
11070 | b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f(a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g(a)h | |
11071 | (script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f Fs(.)g Ft(or)h Fs(source)330 | |
11072 | 2973 y Ft(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i | |
11073 | (the)f Fs(eval)f Ft(builtin.)154 3104 y(15.)61 b(Redirection)25 | |
11074 | b(op)s(erators)f(do)g(not)g(p)s(erform)f(\014lename)h(expansion)g(on)g | |
11075 | (the)g(w)m(ord)f(in)h(the)g(redirection)330 3214 y(unless)30 | |
11076 | b(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)154 3345 y(16.)61 | |
11077 | b(Redirection)31 b(op)s(erators)g(do)f(not)h(p)s(erform)e(w)m(ord)h | |
11078 | (splitting)h(on)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(in)g(the)g(redirection.)154 | |
11079 | 3477 y(17.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)35 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 | |
11080 | b(alid)35 b(shell)f Fs(name)p Ft(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y) | |
11081 | g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 3587 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h | |
11082 | (digits,)h(and)d(underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h | |
11083 | (digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 3696 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) | |
11084 | -5 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g | |
11085 | (non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 3828 y(18.)61 b | |
17345e5a | 11086 | Fl(posix)30 b Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e(b)s(efore)h |
0001803f | 11087 | (shell)h(functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)154 |
495aee44 CR |
11088 | 3959 y(19.)61 b(The)29 b Fs(time)g Ft(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g |
11089 | (b)s(e)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 | |
11090 | b(When)30 b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 4069 | |
11091 | y(it)33 b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics)h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f | |
11092 | (its)g(completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 b(The)32 b Fs(TIMEFORMAT)330 | |
11093 | 4178 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f | |
11094 | (timing)h(information.)154 4310 y(20.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)f(and)g | |
11095 | (expanding)g(a)i($)p Fs({)6 b Ft(.)22 b(.)g(.)11 b Fs(})33 | |
11096 | b Ft(expansion)f(that)i(app)s(ears)e(within)g(double)g(quotes,)330 | |
11097 | 4419 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f | |
11098 | (cannot)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 | |
11099 | 4529 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s | |
11100 | (erator)f(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e | |
11101 | (pattern)330 4639 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) | |
11102 | e(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 | |
11103 | 4770 y(21.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h | |
11104 | Fs(time)d Ft(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(if)h(the)f(next)h(tok)m | |
11105 | (en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 4880 y(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)154 | |
11106 | 5011 y(22.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f | |
0001803f | 11107 | (returns)f(an)h(error)g(status,)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e |
495aee44 CR |
11108 | (exits.)39 b(The)24 b(fatal)330 5121 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f |
11109 | (listed)h(in)f(the)h Fl(posix)e Ft(standard,)h(and)g(include)g(things)g | |
11110 | (lik)m(e)i(passing)e(incorrect)330 5230 y(options,)43 | |
11111 | b(redirection)d(errors,)i(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e | |
11112 | (for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i(preceding)f(the)330 5340 y(command)30 | |
11113 | b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)p eop end | |
11114 | %%Page: 88 94 | |
11115 | TeXDict begin 88 93 bop 150 -116 a Ft(88)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
11116 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)154 299 y(23.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m | |
11117 | (e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 | |
11118 | b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 | |
11119 | 408 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m(ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t) | |
11120 | h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 | |
11121 | 518 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g | |
17345e5a | 11122 | (assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
11123 | b(ariable.)154 645 y(24.)61 b(A)28 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e |
11124 | (exists)f(with)g(an)g(error)g(status)h(if)f(a)g(v)-5 | |
11125 | b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs)330 | |
11126 | 755 y(in)i(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(preceding)e(a)h(sp)s | |
11127 | (ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f(other)h(simple)330 | |
11128 | 864 y(command.)154 991 y(25.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell) | |
11129 | e(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 | |
11130 | b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g Fs(for)330 1101 y Ft(statemen)m(t)32 | |
17345e5a JA |
11131 | b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g |
11132 | Fs(select)f Ft(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5 | |
495aee44 CR |
11133 | b(ariable.)154 1228 y(26.)61 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(substitution)g(is)h(not) |
11134 | f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)154 1354 y(27.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 | |
17345e5a | 11135 | b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fl(posix)f Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s |
495aee44 CR |
11136 | (ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 1464 |
11137 | y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 1591 y(28.)61 | |
11138 | b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f(function)g | |
11139 | (calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 | |
11140 | 1700 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h | |
11141 | Fl(posix)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtin)f(command)g(had)g(b)s(een)g | |
11142 | (executed.)154 1827 y(29.)61 b(The)38 b Fs(export)f Ft(and)g | |
11143 | Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in) | |
11144 | g(the)h(format)g(re-)330 1937 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)p | |
11145 | Ft(.)154 2064 y(30.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g | |
11146 | (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Fs(SIG)p | |
11147 | Ft(.)154 2191 y(31.)61 b(The)39 b Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g | |
11148 | (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e | |
11149 | (signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 2300 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e | |
11150 | (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g | |
11151 | (is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 2410 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g | |
11152 | (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38 | |
11153 | b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330 | |
11154 | 2519 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s | |
17345e5a | 11155 | (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst) |
495aee44 | 11156 | f(argumen)m(t.)154 2646 y(32.)61 b(The)21 b Fs(.)h Ft(and)f |
17345e5a JA |
11157 | Fs(source)f Ft(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f |
11158 | (directory)h(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 | |
495aee44 CR |
11159 | 2756 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g |
11160 | Fs(PATH)p Ft(.)154 2883 y(33.)61 b(Subshells)20 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)h | |
17345e5a JA |
11161 | (execute)g(command)g(substitutions)f(inherit)g(the)g(v)-5 |
11162 | b(alue)22 b(of)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)330 | |
495aee44 | 11163 | 2992 y(from)34 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)55 b(When)34 |
17345e5a | 11164 | b(not)i(in)e Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(Bash)f(clears)h(the)f(`)p |
495aee44 CR |
11165 | Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)i(in)e(suc)m(h)330 3102 y(subshells.)154 |
11166 | 3229 y(34.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e | |
11167 | (ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 3356 | |
11168 | y(35.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias) | |
17345e5a | 11169 | g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a) |
495aee44 CR |
11170 | 330 3465 y(leading)31 b(`)p Fs(alias)e Ft(')i(unless)f(the)g(`)p |
11171 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied.)154 3592 y(36.)61 | |
17345e5a JA |
11172 | b(When)40 b(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h |
11173 | (without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g | |
495aee44 CR |
11174 | (function)330 3702 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 |
11175 | 3829 y(37.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok) | |
17345e5a | 11176 | m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 |
495aee44 | 11177 | b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 3938 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i |
17345e5a | 11178 | (con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result) |
495aee44 CR |
11179 | g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 4048 y(c)m(haracters.)154 |
11180 | 4175 y(38.)61 b(When)35 b(the)g Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m | |
17345e5a | 11181 | (ed)i(in)d Fq(logical)41 b Ft(mo)s(de,)36 b(and)f(the)g(pathname)g |
495aee44 | 11182 | (constructed)g(from)330 4284 y Fs($PWD)i Ft(and)h(the)h(directory)f |
17345e5a | 11183 | (name)h(supplied)e(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g |
495aee44 | 11184 | (an)f(existing)330 4394 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Fs(cd)d |
17345e5a | 11185 | Ft(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f(falling)h(bac)m(k)h(to)f |
495aee44 CR |
11186 | Fq(ph)m(ysical)j Ft(mo)s(de.)154 4521 y(39.)61 b(The)36 |
11187 | b Fs(pwd)f Ft(builtin)h(v)m(eri\014es)h(that)g(the)f(v)-5 | |
11188 | b(alue)37 b(it)g(prin)m(ts)e(is)i(the)f(same)h(as)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f | |
11189 | (directory)-8 b(,)330 4631 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m | |
11190 | (ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(\014le)f(system)h(with)f(the)h(`)p | |
11191 | Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(option.)154 4757 y(40.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g | |
17345e5a | 11192 | (history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Fs(fc)g Ft(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h |
495aee44 | 11193 | (include)g(an)f(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 4867 |
17345e5a | 11194 | y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 |
495aee44 CR |
11195 | 4994 y(41.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g |
11196 | Fs(fc)g Ft(is)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)154 5121 y(42.)61 b(The)37 | |
17345e5a JA |
11197 | b Fs(type)g Ft(and)g Fs(command)f Ft(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort) |
11198 | f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330 | |
495aee44 | 11199 | 5230 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g |
17345e5a | 11200 | (execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named) |
495aee44 CR |
11201 | g(\014le)330 5340 y(found)i(in)h Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)p eop |
11202 | end | |
11203 | %%Page: 89 95 | |
11204 | TeXDict begin 89 94 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 | |
11205 | b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(89)154 299 y(43.)61 | |
11206 | b(The)33 b Fs(vi)f Ft(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i(the) | |
11207 | e Fs(vi)g Ft(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p Fs(v)p | |
11208 | Ft(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 408 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m(king)i | |
11209 | Fs($VISUAL)d Ft(and)g Fs($EDITOR)p Ft(.)154 543 y(44.)61 | |
11210 | b(When)41 b(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j(Bash)d(do)s | |
11211 | (es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 | |
11212 | 653 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Fs(echo)e Ft(as)i(options.)54 | |
17345e5a | 11213 | b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e) |
495aee44 CR |
11214 | g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 762 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154 |
11215 | 897 y(45.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(ulimit)f Ft(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m | |
17345e5a | 11216 | (k)g(size)g(of)g(512)g(b)m(ytes)g(for)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-c)p |
495aee44 | 11217 | Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(options.)154 1031 y(46.)61 |
0001803f CR |
11218 | b(The)39 b(arriv)-5 b(al)41 b(of)f Fs(SIGCHLD)e Ft(when)h(a)h(trap)g |
11219 | (is)g(set)h(on)f Fs(SIGCHLD)e Ft(do)s(es)h(not)h(in)m(terrupt)g(the)g | |
495aee44 | 11220 | Fs(wait)330 1141 y Ft(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f |
0001803f | 11221 | (immediately)-8 b(.)62 b(The)37 b(trap)f(command)h(is)g(run)e(once)j |
495aee44 CR |
11222 | (for)f(eac)m(h)330 1250 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)275 |
11223 | 1410 y(There)j(is)g(other)h Fl(posix)f Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(that)g(Bash) | |
11224 | g(do)s(es)f(not)h(implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m(en)i(when)d(in) | |
11225 | 150 1519 y Fl(posix)d Ft(mo)s(de.)40 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199 | |
11226 | 1654 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(fc)f Ft(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i | |
17345e5a | 11227 | Fs($EDITOR)c Ft(as)j(a)f(program)g(to)h(edit)g(history)f(en)m(tries)h |
495aee44 CR |
11228 | (if)f Fs(FCEDIT)f Ft(is)h(unset,)330 1763 y(rather)g(than)g(defaulting) |
11229 | h(directly)g(to)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)40 b Fs(fc)30 b Ft(uses)g | |
11230 | Fs(ed)g Ft(if)g Fs(EDITOR)f Ft(is)h(unset.)199 1898 y(2.)61 | |
17345e5a JA |
11231 | b(As)29 b(noted)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(Bash)e(requires)g(the)g |
11232 | Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)j(to)g(b)s(e)e(enabled)h(for)g(the)g | |
495aee44 CR |
11233 | Fs(echo)f Ft(builtin)330 2007 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275 |
11234 | 2167 y(Bash)66 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)g(to)i(b)s(e)e | |
17345e5a | 11235 | Fl(posix)p Ft(-conforman)m(t)h(b)m(y)f(default,)77 b(b)m(y)66 |
495aee44 | 11236 | b(sp)s(ecifying)h(the)150 2276 y(`)p Fs(--enable-strict-posix-def)o |
17345e5a | 11237 | (ault)o Ft(')i(to)76 b Fs(configure)c Ft(when)i(building)g(\(see)i |
495aee44 CR |
11238 | (Section)f(10.8)150 2386 y([Optional)31 b(F)-8 b(eatures],)32 |
11239 | b(page)f(133\).)p eop end | |
11240 | %%Page: 90 96 | |
11241 | TeXDict begin 90 95 bop eop end | |
11242 | %%Page: 91 97 | |
11243 | TeXDict begin 91 96 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 | |
11244 | b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2571 b(91)150 299 y Fo(7)80 b(Job)54 | |
0001803f CR |
11245 | b(Con)l(trol)150 521 y Ft(This)25 b(c)m(hapter)i(discusses)f(what)g |
11246 | (job)f(con)m(trol)j(is,)f(ho)m(w)f(it)h(w)m(orks,)g(and)f(ho)m(w)g | |
11247 | (Bash)g(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)g(to)g(access)150 631 y(its)k(facilities.) | |
11248 | 150 858 y Fr(7.1)68 b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)h(Basics)150 | |
11249 | 1018 y Ft(Job)27 b(con)m(trol)i(refers)e(to)h(the)g(abilit)m(y)h(to)f | |
11250 | (selectiv)m(ely)j(stop)c(\(susp)s(end\))f(the)i(execution)h(of)e(pro)s | |
11251 | (cesses)h(and)150 1127 y(con)m(tin)m(ue)38 b(\(resume\))g(their)f | |
11252 | (execution)h(at)g(a)g(later)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)61 b(A)37 | |
11253 | b(user)g(t)m(ypically)i(emplo)m(ys)f(this)f(facilit)m(y)150 | |
11254 | 1237 y(via)27 b(an)e(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(in)m(terface)f(supplied)d | |
11255 | (join)m(tly)h(b)m(y)g(the)h(op)s(erating)f(system)g(k)m(ernel's)h | |
11256 | (terminal)f(driv)m(er)150 1347 y(and)k(Bash.)275 1479 | |
11257 | y(The)23 b(shell)i(asso)s(ciates)h(a)f Fq(job)h Ft(with)e(eac)m(h)i | |
11258 | (pip)s(eline.)38 b(It)25 b(k)m(eeps)f(a)h(table)h(of)e(curren)m(tly)h | |
11259 | (executing)g(jobs,)150 1588 y(whic)m(h)33 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(listed)h | |
11260 | (with)f(the)h Fs(jobs)f Ft(command.)50 b(When)33 b(Bash)h(starts)g(a)g | |
11261 | (job)g(async)m(hronously)-8 b(,)34 b(it)150 1698 y(prin)m(ts)c(a)h | |
11262 | (line)f(that)h(lo)s(oks)g(lik)m(e:)390 1830 y Fs([1])47 | |
11263 | b(25647)150 1962 y Ft(indicating)34 b(that)g(this)f(job)g(is)g(job)g(n) | |
11264 | m(um)m(b)s(er)f(1)i(and)f(that)g(the)h(pro)s(cess)f Fl(id)g | |
11265 | Ft(of)g(the)h(last)g(pro)s(cess)f(in)g(the)150 2072 y(pip)s(eline)42 | |
11266 | b(asso)s(ciated)i(with)e(this)g(job)g(is)h(25647.)78 | |
11267 | b(All)43 b(of)g(the)g(pro)s(cesses)f(in)g(a)h(single)g(pip)s(eline)f | |
11268 | (are)150 2181 y(mem)m(b)s(ers)30 b(of)g(the)h(same)f(job.)41 | |
11269 | b(Bash)30 b(uses)g(the)h Fq(job)h Ft(abstraction)f(as)g(the)g(basis)f | |
11270 | (for)g(job)g(con)m(trol.)275 2313 y(T)-8 b(o)23 b(facilitate)j(the)d | |
11271 | (implemen)m(tation)i(of)f(the)f(user)f(in)m(terface)j(to)f(job)f(con)m | |
11272 | (trol,)j(the)d(op)s(erating)h(system)150 2423 y(main)m(tains)j(the)f | |
11273 | (notion)h(of)f(a)g(curren)m(t)g(terminal)g(pro)s(cess)g(group)g | |
11274 | Fl(id)p Ft(.)39 b(Mem)m(b)s(ers)26 b(of)g(this)g(pro)s(cess)f(group)150 | |
11275 | 2533 y(\(pro)s(cesses)h(whose)g(pro)s(cess)g(group)g | |
17345e5a | 11276 | Fl(id)g Ft(is)h(equal)g(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(terminal)h(pro)s(cess)f |
0001803f | 11277 | (group)f Fl(id)p Ft(\))i(receiv)m(e)150 2642 y(k)m(eyb)s |
17345e5a JA |
11278 | (oard-generated)22 b(signals)g(suc)m(h)e(as)h Fs(SIGINT)p |
11279 | Ft(.)36 b(These)21 b(pro)s(cesses)g(are)g(said)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(in)f(the) | |
0001803f | 11280 | h(foreground.)150 2752 y(Bac)m(kground)38 b(pro)s(cesses)f(are)h(those) |
17345e5a | 11281 | g(whose)f(pro)s(cess)g(group)g Fl(id)h Ft(di\013ers)f(from)g(the)g |
0001803f | 11282 | (terminal's;)42 b(suc)m(h)150 2861 y(pro)s(cesses)24 |
17345e5a JA |
11283 | b(are)g(imm)m(une)g(to)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard-generated)h(signals.)40 |
11284 | b(Only)23 b(foreground)g(pro)s(cesses)h(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)150 | |
0001803f CR |
11285 | 2971 y(to)g(read)e(from)h(or,)h(if)f(the)g(user)f(so)i(sp)s(eci\014es)e |
11286 | (with)h Fs(stty)29 b(tostop)p Ft(,)23 b(write)g(to)g(the)h(terminal.)38 | |
11287 | b(Bac)m(kground)150 3081 y(pro)s(cesses)27 b(whic)m(h)g(attempt)h(to)f | |
11288 | (read)g(from)g(\(write)g(to)h(when)e Fs(stty)j(tostop)d | |
11289 | Ft(is)h(in)f(e\013ect\))j(the)e(terminal)150 3190 y(are)32 | |
11290 | b(sen)m(t)g(a)g Fs(SIGTTIN)e Ft(\()p Fs(SIGTTOU)p Ft(\))g(signal)i(b)m | |
11291 | (y)g(the)g(k)m(ernel's)g(terminal)g(driv)m(er,)g(whic)m(h,)g(unless)f | |
11292 | (caugh)m(t,)150 3300 y(susp)s(ends)d(the)i(pro)s(cess.)275 | |
11293 | 3432 y(If)k(the)i(op)s(erating)g(system)f(on)h(whic)m(h)f(Bash)g(is)h | |
11294 | (running)d(supp)s(orts)h(job)h(con)m(trol,)j(Bash)e(con)m(tains)150 | |
11295 | 3541 y(facilities)30 b(to)f(use)f(it.)40 b(T)m(yping)28 | |
11296 | b(the)g Fq(susp)s(end)h Ft(c)m(haracter)h(\(t)m(ypically)g(`)p | |
11297 | Fs(^Z)p Ft(',)f(Con)m(trol-Z\))g(while)f(a)g(pro)s(cess)150 | |
11298 | 3651 y(is)42 b(running)f(causes)i(that)g(pro)s(cess)f(to)h(b)s(e)f | |
11299 | (stopp)s(ed)f(and)h(returns)f(con)m(trol)j(to)f(Bash.)77 | |
11300 | b(T)m(yping)42 b(the)150 3761 y Fq(dela)m(y)m(ed)k(susp)s(end)f | |
11301 | Ft(c)m(haracter)h(\(t)m(ypically)g(`)p Fs(^Y)p Ft(',)i(Con)m(trol-Y\))e | |
11302 | (causes)e(the)h(pro)s(cess)e(to)i(b)s(e)f(stopp)s(ed)150 | |
11303 | 3870 y(when)26 b(it)i(attempts)h(to)f(read)f(input)g(from)f(the)i | |
11304 | (terminal,)h(and)e(con)m(trol)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(returned)f(to)j(Bash.)39 | |
11305 | b(The)150 3980 y(user)e(then)g(manipulates)h(the)g(state)h(of)f(this)f | |
11306 | (job,)j(using)d(the)h Fs(bg)f Ft(command)g(to)h(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(it)f | |
11307 | (in)g(the)150 4089 y(bac)m(kground,)g(the)f Fs(fg)g Ft(command)f(to)i | |
11308 | (con)m(tin)m(ue)g(it)f(in)f(the)h(foreground,)h(or)f(the)g | |
11309 | Fs(kill)f Ft(command)g(to)150 4199 y(kill)27 b(it.)40 | |
11310 | b(A)27 b(`)p Fs(^Z)p Ft(')g(tak)m(es)h(e\013ect)g(immediately)-8 | |
11311 | b(,)29 b(and)d(has)h(the)f(additional)i(side)e(e\013ect)j(of)d(causing) | |
11312 | h(p)s(ending)150 4309 y(output)j(and)g(t)m(yp)s(eahead)h(to)g(b)s(e)e | |
11313 | (discarded.)275 4441 y(There)j(are)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(w)m(a)m | |
11314 | (ys)g(to)h(refer)e(to)h(a)g(job)f(in)g(the)h(shell.)47 | |
17345e5a | 11315 | b(The)32 b(c)m(haracter)i(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(')f(in)m(tro)s(duces)150 |
0001803f | 11316 | 4550 y(a)e(job)f(sp)s(eci\014cation)h(\()p Fq(jobsp)s(ec)6 |
17345e5a JA |
11317 | b Ft(\).)275 4682 y(Job)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f Fs(n)h |
11318 | Ft(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(referred)g(to)h(as)g(`)p Fs(\045n)p | |
11319 | Ft('.)44 b(The)31 b(sym)m(b)s(ols)g(`)p Fs(\045\045)p | |
11320 | Ft(')h(and)f(`)p Fs(\045+)p Ft(')g(refer)h(to)g(the)g(shell's)150 | |
11321 | 4792 y(notion)k(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(job,)h(whic)m(h)f(is)g(the)g | |
11322 | (last)h(job)f(stopp)s(ed)f(while)h(it)h(w)m(as)g(in)e(the)i(foreground) | |
11323 | e(or)150 4902 y(started)27 b(in)g(the)g(bac)m(kground.)40 | |
11324 | b(A)27 b(single)g(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(')g(\(with)g(no)g(accompan)m(ying)i | |
11325 | (job)d(sp)s(eci\014cation\))i(also)g(refers)150 5011 | |
11326 | y(to)k(the)e(curren)m(t)h(job.)42 b(The)30 b(previous)g(job)h(ma)m(y)g | |
11327 | (b)s(e)f(referenced)h(using)f(`)p Fs(\045-)p Ft('.)42 | |
11328 | b(If)30 b(there)h(is)g(only)g(a)g(single)150 5121 y(job,)g(`)p | |
11329 | Fs(\045+)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(\045-)p Ft(')h(can)h(b)s(oth)e(b)s(e)g | |
11330 | (used)h(to)g(refer)g(to)h(that)g(job.)42 b(In)30 b(output)h(p)s | |
11331 | (ertaining)g(to)g(jobs)g(\(e.g.,)150 5230 y(the)39 b(output)f(of)g(the) | |
11332 | h Fs(jobs)e Ft(command\),)k(the)d(curren)m(t)h(job)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys) | |
11333 | i(\015agged)f(with)f(a)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(',)i(and)d(the)150 | |
11334 | 5340 y(previous)30 b(job)g(with)g(a)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)p | |
11335 | eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11336 | %%Page: 92 98 |
11337 | TeXDict begin 92 97 bop 150 -116 a Ft(92)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
11338 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(A)38 b(job)g(ma)m(y)h(also)g(b)s(e)f |
11339 | (referred)f(to)j(using)d(a)i(pre\014x)e(of)i(the)f(name)h(used)e(to)i | |
11340 | (start)g(it,)i(or)e(using)f(a)150 408 y(substring)29 | |
11341 | b(that)i(app)s(ears)f(in)g(its)h(command)f(line.)41 b(F)-8 | |
11342 | b(or)31 b(example,)g(`)p Fs(\045ce)p Ft(')f(refers)g(to)h(a)g(stopp)s | |
11343 | (ed)e Fs(ce)h Ft(job.)150 518 y(Using)d(`)p Fs(\045?ce)p | |
11344 | Ft(',)g(on)f(the)h(other)g(hand,)g(refers)f(to)h(an)m(y)g(job)g(con)m | |
11345 | (taining)h(the)f(string)f(`)p Fs(ce)p Ft(')h(in)f(its)h(command)150 | |
11346 | 628 y(line.)41 b(If)30 b(the)h(pre\014x)e(or)h(substring)f(matc)m(hes)j | |
11347 | (more)e(than)h(one)f(job,)h(Bash)f(rep)s(orts)g(an)g(error.)275 | |
0001803f | 11348 | 762 y(Simply)g(naming)h(a)g(job)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)h(to)g(bring)f(it) |
17345e5a | 11349 | i(in)m(to)g(the)f(foreground:)41 b(`)p Fs(\0451)p Ft(')31 |
0001803f | 11350 | b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)e(for)150 871 y(`)p Fs(fg)g(\0451)p |
17345e5a JA |
11351 | Ft(',)i(bringing)f(job)g(1)g(from)g(the)h(bac)m(kground)f(in)m(to)i |
11352 | (the)e(foreground.)44 b(Similarly)-8 b(,)32 b(`)p Fs(\0451)e(&)p | |
0001803f CR |
11353 | Ft(')i(resumes)150 981 y(job)e(1)h(in)f(the)g(bac)m(kground,)h(equiv)-5 |
11354 | b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(`)p Fs(bg)f(\0451)p Ft(')275 1115 | |
17345e5a JA |
11355 | y(The)g(shell)i(learns)f(immediately)i(whenev)m(er)e(a)h(job)f(c)m |
11356 | (hanges)h(state.)45 b(Normally)-8 b(,)33 b(Bash)e(w)m(aits)i(un)m(til) | |
0001803f | 11357 | 150 1224 y(it)25 b(is)g(ab)s(out)f(to)i(prin)m(t)e(a)h(prompt)f(b)s |
17345e5a | 11358 | (efore)g(rep)s(orting)h(c)m(hanges)g(in)g(a)g(job's)f(status)h(so)g(as) |
0001803f | 11359 | g(to)g(not)g(in)m(terrupt)150 1334 y(an)m(y)g(other)g(output.)39 |
17345e5a JA |
11360 | b(If)24 b(the)i(`)p Fs(-b)p Ft(')e(option)i(to)f(the)g |
11361 | Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(enabled,)h(Bash)f(rep)s(orts)f(suc)m(h)h(c)m | |
0001803f | 11362 | (hanges)150 1443 y(immediately)g(\(see)g(Section)g(4.3.1)g([The)f(Set)g |
495aee44 | 11363 | (Builtin],)i(page)f(54\).)40 b(An)m(y)24 b(trap)f(on)h |
0001803f CR |
11364 | Fs(SIGCHLD)e Ft(is)i(executed)150 1553 y(for)30 b(eac)m(h)i(c)m(hild)e |
11365 | (pro)s(cess)g(that)h(exits.)275 1687 y(If)25 b(an)h(attempt)h(to)g | |
17345e5a | 11366 | (exit)g(Bash)f(is)h(made)f(while)g(jobs)f(are)i(stopp)s(ed,)f(\(or)h |
0001803f | 11367 | (running,)e(if)h(the)g Fs(checkjobs)150 1796 y Ft(option)e(is)f |
17345e5a | 11368 | (enabled)h({)g(see)g(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)j(page) |
495aee44 | 11369 | e(57\),)i(the)e(shell)f(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(w)m(arning)150 |
0001803f | 11370 | 1906 y(message,)k(and)c(if)i(the)f Fs(checkjobs)e Ft(option)j(is)f |
17345e5a | 11371 | (enabled,)i(lists)e(the)h(jobs)f(and)f(their)i(statuses.)39 |
0001803f | 11372 | b(The)25 b Fs(jobs)150 2016 y Ft(command)36 b(ma)m(y)h(then)f(b)s(e)f |
17345e5a | 11373 | (used)g(to)i(insp)s(ect)f(their)g(status.)59 b(If)36 |
0001803f | 11374 | b(a)g(second)g(attempt)i(to)f(exit)g(is)f(made)150 2125 |
17345e5a JA |
11375 | y(without)e(an)f(in)m(terv)m(ening)i(command,)f(Bash)g(do)s(es)f(not)h |
11376 | (prin)m(t)g(another)f(w)m(arning,)i(and)e(an)m(y)h(stopp)s(ed)150 | |
0001803f CR |
11377 | 2235 y(jobs)c(are)h(terminated.)150 2466 y Fr(7.2)68 |
11378 | b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)h(Builtins)150 2650 y Fs(bg)870 | |
11379 | 2784 y(bg)h([)p Fi(jobspec)56 b Fs(...)o(])630 2918 y | |
17345e5a JA |
11380 | Ft(Resume)24 b(eac)m(h)h(susp)s(ended)d(job)i Fq(jobsp)s(ec)29 |
11381 | b Ft(in)24 b(the)g(bac)m(kground,)h(as)g(if)f(it)h(had)e(b)s(een)g | |
0001803f | 11382 | (started)630 3027 y(with)32 b(`)p Fs(&)p Ft('.)45 b(If)31 |
17345e5a | 11383 | b Fq(jobsp)s(ec)37 b Ft(is)32 b(not)g(supplied,)f(the)h(curren)m(t)g |
0001803f | 11384 | (job)f(is)h(used.)45 b(The)31 b(return)g(status)630 3137 |
17345e5a | 11385 | y(is)i(zero)g(unless)f(it)h(is)g(run)e(when)h(job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)f |
0001803f | 11386 | (not)g(enabled,)h(or,)f(when)f(run)f(with)h(job)630 3246 |
17345e5a JA |
11387 | y(con)m(trol)h(enabled,)g(an)m(y)f Fq(jobsp)s(ec)37 b |
11388 | Ft(w)m(as)32 b(not)g(found)f(or)g(sp)s(eci\014es)h(a)g(job)g(that)g(w)m | |
0001803f CR |
11389 | (as)g(started)630 3356 y(without)e(job)g(con)m(trol.)150 |
11390 | 3514 y Fs(fg)870 3648 y(fg)47 b([)p Fi(jobspec)11 b Fs(])630 | |
11391 | 3782 y Ft(Resume)43 b(the)g(job)g Fq(jobsp)s(ec)48 b | |
17345e5a | 11392 | Ft(in)43 b(the)g(foreground)g(and)f(mak)m(e)j(it)e(the)h(curren)m(t)f |
0001803f | 11393 | (job.)78 b(If)630 3891 y Fq(jobsp)s(ec)41 b Ft(is)c(not)f(supplied,)h |
17345e5a | 11394 | (the)f(curren)m(t)h(job)f(is)g(used.)58 b(The)36 b(return)f(status)h |
0001803f | 11395 | (is)h(that)g(of)630 4001 y(the)d(command)g(placed)h(in)m(to)g(the)f |
17345e5a | 11396 | (foreground,)g(or)g(non-zero)h(if)f(run)f(when)g(job)g(con)m(trol)630 |
0001803f | 11397 | 4111 y(is)i(disabled)g(or,)i(when)d(run)g(with)h(job)g(con)m(trol)h |
17345e5a | 11398 | (enabled,)h Fq(jobsp)s(ec)j Ft(do)s(es)35 b(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)630 |
0001803f | 11399 | 4220 y(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(job)f(or)g Fq(jobsp)s(ec)35 b |
17345e5a | 11400 | Ft(sp)s(eci\014es)30 b(a)h(job)f(that)h(w)m(as)g(started)g(without)f |
0001803f CR |
11401 | (job)g(con)m(trol.)150 4378 y Fs(jobs)870 4512 y(jobs)47 |
11402 | b([-lnprs])e([)p Fi(jobspec)11 b Fs(])870 4622 y(jobs)47 | |
11403 | b(-x)g Fi(command)56 b Fs([)p Fi(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 | |
11404 | 4756 y Ft(The)30 b(\014rst)f(form)h(lists)h(the)g(activ)m(e)h(jobs.)41 | |
17345e5a | 11405 | b(The)30 b(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(meanings:)630 |
0001803f | 11406 | 4914 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(List)31 b(pro)s(cess)f Fl(id)p |
17345e5a | 11407 | Ft(s)g(in)g(addition)h(to)g(the)f(normal)h(information.)630 |
0001803f | 11408 | 5072 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Displa)m(y)26 b(information)f(only)h(ab)s(out)e |
17345e5a | 11409 | (jobs)h(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(c)m(hanged)e(status)h(since)1110 |
0001803f CR |
11410 | 5182 y(the)31 b(user)e(w)m(as)i(last)g(noti\014ed)f(of)h(their)f |
11411 | (status.)630 5340 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(List)31 b(only)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)f | |
11412 | Fl(id)g Ft(of)h(the)f(job's)g(pro)s(cess)g(group)g(leader.)p | |
11413 | eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11414 | %%Page: 93 99 |
11415 | TeXDict begin 93 98 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 | |
11416 | b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2571 b(93)630 299 y Fs(-r)384 b | |
0001803f CR |
11417 | Ft(Restrict)31 b(output)f(to)i(running)c(jobs.)630 461 |
11418 | y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(Restrict)31 b(output)f(to)i(stopp)s(ed)d(jobs.)630 | |
11419 | 622 y(If)23 b Fq(jobsp)s(ec)28 b Ft(is)c(giv)m(en,)i(output)d(is)h | |
17345e5a | 11420 | (restricted)g(to)g(information)g(ab)s(out)f(that)h(job.)39 |
0001803f CR |
11421 | b(If)23 b Fq(jobsp)s(ec)630 732 y Ft(is)30 b(not)h(supplied,)e(the)i |
11422 | (status)g(of)f(all)h(jobs)f(is)h(listed.)630 868 y(If)g(the)g(`)p | |
17345e5a JA |
11423 | Fs(-x)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g Fs(jobs)f Ft(replaces)i(an)m |
11424 | (y)f Fq(jobsp)s(ec)37 b Ft(found)29 b(in)i Fq(command)k | |
0001803f CR |
11425 | Ft(or)630 977 y Fq(argumen)m(ts)41 b Ft(with)36 b(the)i(corresp)s |
11426 | (onding)d(pro)s(cess)i(group)f Fl(id)p Ft(,)j(and)d(executes)i | |
11427 | Fq(command)t Ft(,)630 1087 y(passing)30 b(it)h Fq(argumen)m(t)r | |
11428 | Ft(s,)g(returning)f(its)g(exit)i(status.)150 1249 y Fs(kill)870 | |
11429 | 1384 y(kill)47 b([-s)g Fi(sigspec)11 b Fs(])45 b([-n)i | |
11430 | Fi(signum)11 b Fs(])45 b([-)p Fi(sigspec)11 b Fs(])44 | |
11431 | b Fi(jobspec)57 b Fs(or)47 b Fi(pid)870 1494 y Fs(kill)g(-l)g([)p | |
11432 | Fi(exit_status)11 b Fs(])630 1630 y Ft(Send)22 b(a)i(signal)g(sp)s | |
17345e5a JA |
11433 | (eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g Fq(sigsp)s(ec)29 b Ft(or)24 b Fq(sign)m(um)f |
11434 | Ft(to)h(the)g(pro)s(cess)f(named)g(b)m(y)g(job)g(sp)s(eci\014-)630 | |
0001803f CR |
11435 | 1739 y(cation)j Fq(jobsp)s(ec)k Ft(or)25 b(pro)s(cess)g |
11436 | Fl(id)g Fq(pid)t Ft(.)38 b Fq(sigsp)s(ec)31 b Ft(is)25 | |
11437 | b(either)g(a)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)h(signal)f(name)630 | |
11438 | 1849 y(suc)m(h)k(as)h Fs(SIGINT)d Ft(\(with)j(or)f(without)h(the)f | |
17345e5a | 11439 | Fs(SIG)g Ft(pre\014x\))f(or)i(a)f(signal)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er;)f |
0001803f | 11440 | Fq(sign)m(um)g Ft(is)630 1958 y(a)i(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)43 |
17345e5a JA |
11441 | b(If)31 b Fq(sigsp)s(ec)37 b Ft(and)31 b Fq(sign)m(um)g |
11442 | Ft(are)h(not)f(presen)m(t,)h Fs(SIGTERM)e Ft(is)h(used.)43 | |
0001803f | 11443 | b(The)630 2068 y(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')34 b(option)g(lists)h(the)f(signal)h |
17345e5a | 11444 | (names.)51 b(If)33 b(an)m(y)i(argumen)m(ts)f(are)g(supplied)f(when)g(`) |
0001803f | 11445 | p Fs(-l)p Ft(')h(is)630 2178 y(giv)m(en,)e(the)g(names)e(of)i(the)f |
17345e5a | 11446 | (signals)g(corresp)s(onding)f(to)i(the)f(argumen)m(ts)g(are)h(listed,)g |
0001803f CR |
11447 | (and)630 2287 y(the)c(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero.)41 |
11448 | b Fq(exit)p 1796 2287 28 4 v 41 w(status)32 b Ft(is)c(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
17345e5a | 11449 | (er)f(sp)s(ecifying)g(a)i(signal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(or)630 |
0001803f | 11450 | 2397 y(the)35 b(exit)h(status)f(of)g(a)g(pro)s(cess)g(terminated)g(b)m |
17345e5a | 11451 | (y)g(a)g(signal.)55 b(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)g(zero)630 |
0001803f | 11452 | 2506 y(if)c(at)h(least)g(one)g(signal)f(w)m(as)h(successfully)f(sen)m |
17345e5a | 11453 | (t,)h(or)f(non-zero)h(if)f(an)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs)h(or)g(an)630 |
0001803f CR |
11454 | 2616 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(option)g(is)f(encoun)m(tered.)150 |
11455 | 2778 y Fs(wait)870 2913 y(wait)47 b([)p Fi(jobspec)56 | |
11456 | b Fs(or)47 b Fi(pid)57 b Fs(...])630 3049 y Ft(W)-8 b(ait)28 | |
17345e5a JA |
11457 | b(un)m(til)f(the)f(c)m(hild)h(pro)s(cess)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g |
11458 | (eac)m(h)h(pro)s(cess)f Fl(id)h Fq(pid)i Ft(or)d(job)g(sp)s | |
0001803f | 11459 | (eci\014cation)630 3159 y Fq(jobsp)s(ec)40 b Ft(exits)35 |
17345e5a | 11460 | b(and)f(return)g(the)g(exit)i(status)f(of)g(the)g(last)g(command)f(w)m |
0001803f | 11461 | (aited)i(for.)53 b(If)35 b(a)630 3268 y(job)g(sp)s(ec)f(is)h(giv)m(en,) |
17345e5a | 11462 | i(all)f(pro)s(cesses)f(in)f(the)h(job)g(are)g(w)m(aited)h(for.)54 |
0001803f | 11463 | b(If)35 b(no)f(argumen)m(ts)i(are)630 3378 y(giv)m(en,)d(all)f(curren)m |
17345e5a | 11464 | (tly)f(activ)m(e)i(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cesses)f(are)g(w)m(aited)h(for,)g |
0001803f | 11465 | (and)e(the)i(return)e(status)630 3487 y(is)h(zero.)44 |
17345e5a JA |
11466 | b(If)30 b(neither)h Fq(jobsp)s(ec)36 b Ft(nor)31 b Fq(pid)i |
11467 | Ft(sp)s(eci\014es)e(an)g(activ)m(e)i(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cess)e(of)h(the)g | |
0001803f CR |
11468 | (shell,)630 3597 y(the)g(return)e(status)i(is)f(127.)150 |
11469 | 3759 y Fs(disown)870 3894 y(disown)46 b([-ar])g([-h])h([)p | |
11470 | Fi(jobspec)56 b Fs(...)o(])630 4030 y Ft(Without)32 b(options,)g(eac)m | |
17345e5a | 11471 | (h)h Fq(jobsp)s(ec)j Ft(is)c(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)f(the)h(table)g(of)g |
0001803f | 11472 | (activ)m(e)h(jobs.)44 b(If)31 b(the)630 4140 y(`)p Fs(-h)p |
17345e5a JA |
11473 | Ft(')36 b(option)h(is)g(giv)m(en,)i(the)e(job)f(is)h(not)f(remo)m(v)m |
11474 | (ed)i(from)e(the)h(table,)i(but)d(is)g(mark)m(ed)h(so)630 | |
0001803f | 11475 | 4249 y(that)d Fs(SIGHUP)d Ft(is)j(not)f(sen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(job)g(if)g |
17345e5a | 11476 | (the)h(shell)f(receiv)m(es)i(a)f Fs(SIGHUP)p Ft(.)47 |
0001803f | 11477 | b(If)33 b Fq(jobsp)s(ec)38 b Ft(is)630 4359 y(not)32 |
17345e5a JA |
11478 | b(presen)m(t,)f(and)g(neither)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(nor)g(`)p |
11479 | Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied,)e(the)i(curren)m(t)f(job)g(is) | |
0001803f | 11480 | 630 4468 y(used.)58 b(If)36 b(no)g Fq(jobsp)s(ec)41 b |
17345e5a | 11481 | Ft(is)36 b(supplied,)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')f(option)h(means)f(to)h |
0001803f | 11482 | (remo)m(v)m(e)h(or)e(mark)g(all)630 4578 y(jobs;)28 b(the)f(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
11483 | Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)g(without)g(a)g Fq(jobsp)s(ec)32 |
11484 | b Ft(argumen)m(t)27 b(restricts)h(op)s(eration)f(to)h(running)630 | |
0001803f | 11485 | 4688 y(jobs.)150 4849 y Fs(suspend)870 4985 y(suspend)46 |
17345e5a JA |
11486 | b([-f])630 5121 y Ft(Susp)s(end)31 b(the)i(execution)h(of)g(this)f |
11487 | (shell)g(un)m(til)h(it)g(receiv)m(es)h(a)e Fs(SIGCONT)f | |
11488 | Ft(signal.)50 b(A)33 b(login)630 5230 y(shell)24 b(cannot)h(b)s(e)e | |
11489 | (susp)s(ended;)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)g(can)h(b)s(e)e(used)g | |
11490 | (to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)g(this)f(and)f(force)630 5340 y(the)31 | |
11491 | b(susp)s(ension.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11492 | %%Page: 94 100 |
11493 | TeXDict begin 94 99 bop 150 -116 a Ft(94)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
11494 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(When)f(job)f(con)m(trol)j(is)e(not)h |
11495 | (activ)m(e,)i(the)d Fs(kill)f Ft(and)h Fs(wait)f Ft(builtins)g(do)h | |
11496 | (not)h(accept)h Fq(jobsp)s(ec)j Ft(argu-)150 408 y(men)m(ts.)41 | |
11497 | b(They)30 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(supplied)f(pro)s(cess)h | |
0001803f CR |
11498 | Fl(id)p Ft(s.)150 641 y Fr(7.3)68 b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)h(V)-11 |
11499 | b(ariables)150 825 y Fs(auto_resume)630 935 y Ft(This)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
11500 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(con)m(trols)g(ho)m(w)g(the)f(shell)h(in)m |
11501 | (teracts)h(with)e(the)h(user)e(and)h(job)g(con)m(trol.)45 | |
0001803f | 11502 | b(If)630 1044 y(this)28 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(exists)f(then)f(single)h |
17345e5a | 11503 | (w)m(ord)f(simple)h(commands)f(without)g(redirections)i(are)630 |
0001803f | 11504 | 1154 y(treated)h(as)g(candidates)f(for)g(resumption)g(of)g(an)g |
17345e5a | 11505 | (existing)h(job.)41 b(There)29 b(is)h(no)h(am)m(biguit)m(y)630 |
0001803f | 11506 | 1264 y(allo)m(w)m(ed;)f(if)d(there)g(is)g(more)g(than)f(one)h(job)g(b)s |
17345e5a | 11507 | (eginning)f(with)g(the)h(string)g(t)m(yp)s(ed,)g(then)g(the)630 |
0001803f | 11508 | 1373 y(most)j(recen)m(tly)h(accessed)f(job)f(will)h(b)s(e)f(selected.) |
17345e5a | 11509 | 42 b(The)29 b(name)g(of)h(a)g(stopp)s(ed)e(job,)i(in)f(this)630 |
0001803f | 11510 | 1483 y(con)m(text,)h(is)e(the)g(command)g(line)g(used)f(to)h(start)g |
17345e5a | 11511 | (it.)41 b(If)27 b(this)h(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)e(v)-5 |
0001803f | 11512 | b(alue)630 1592 y(`)p Fs(exact)p Ft(',)33 b(the)g(string)g(supplied)f |
17345e5a | 11513 | (m)m(ust)h(matc)m(h)g(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)g(stopp)s(ed)f(job)h |
0001803f | 11514 | (exactly;)j(if)630 1702 y(set)29 b(to)h(`)p Fs(substring)p |
17345e5a | 11515 | Ft(',)d(the)i(string)g(supplied)e(needs)i(to)g(matc)m(h)h(a)f |
0001803f | 11516 | (substring)f(of)h(the)g(name)630 1812 y(of)38 b(a)f(stopp)s(ed)g(job.) |
17345e5a JA |
11517 | 62 b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(substring)p Ft(')e(v)-5 b(alue)38 |
11518 | b(pro)m(vides)f(functionalit)m(y)i(analogous)g(to)630 | |
0001803f | 11519 | 1921 y(the)f(`)p Fs(\045?)p Ft(')f(job)h Fl(id)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)f |
495aee44 | 11520 | (7.1)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol)g(Basics],)j(page)d(91\).)64 |
0001803f | 11521 | b(If)37 b(set)h(to)h(an)m(y)630 2031 y(other)32 b(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 11522 | b(alue,)32 b(the)g(supplied)e(string)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)h(pre\014x)f |
0001803f | 11523 | (of)h(a)g(stopp)s(ed)e(job's)i(name;)g(this)630 2140 |
17345e5a JA |
11524 | y(pro)m(vides)e(functionalit)m(y)i(analogous)g(to)f(the)g(`)p |
11525 | Fs(\045)p Ft(')f(job)g Fl(id)p Ft(.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11526 | %%Page: 95 101 |
11527 | TeXDict begin 95 100 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
11528 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(95)150 299 y Fo(8)80 | |
0001803f CR |
11529 | b(Command)54 b(Line)f(Editing)150 640 y Ft(This)28 b(c)m(hapter)i |
11530 | (describ)s(es)e(the)h(basic)g(features)h(of)f(the)g Fl(gnu)f | |
11531 | Ft(command)h(line)g(editing)h(in)m(terface.)42 b(Com-)150 | |
11532 | 749 y(mand)c(line)i(editing)f(is)g(pro)m(vided)g(b)m(y)g(the)g | |
11533 | (Readline)h(library)-8 b(,)41 b(whic)m(h)e(is)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(sev)m | |
11534 | (eral)h(di\013eren)m(t)150 859 y(programs,)34 b(including)e(Bash.)49 | |
11535 | b(Command)32 b(line)i(editing)f(is)g(enabled)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(when)f | |
11536 | (using)h(an)g(in-)150 969 y(teractiv)m(e)c(shell,)f(unless)e(the)h(`)p | |
11537 | Fs(--noediting)p Ft(')d(option)k(is)e(supplied)g(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m | |
11538 | (o)s(cation.)42 b(Line)26 b(editing)150 1078 y(is)i(also)h(used)e(when) | |
11539 | h(using)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)g(the)f | |
11540 | Fs(read)f Ft(builtin)h(command)f(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
11541 | 1188 y(Builtins],)36 b(page)f(43\).)52 b(By)35 b(default,)g(the)f(line) |
11542 | h(editing)f(commands)g(are)h(similar)f(to)h(those)f(of)g(Emacs.)150 | |
11543 | 1297 y(A)h(vi-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)g(in)m(terface)h(is)e(also)i(a) | |
0001803f CR |
11544 | m(v)-5 b(ailable.)55 b(Line)34 b(editing)h(can)g(b)s(e)f(enabled)g(at)h |
11545 | (an)m(y)g(time)150 1407 y(using)28 b(the)i(`)p Fs(-o)g(emacs)p | |
11546 | Ft(')d(or)i(`)p Fs(-o)h(vi)p Ft(')f(options)g(to)h(the)f | |
11547 | Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(command)g(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)i([The)150 | |
495aee44 | 11548 | 1517 y(Set)g(Builtin],)g(page)g(54\),)h(or)e(disabled)g(using)g(the)h |
0001803f CR |
11549 | (`)p Fs(+o)f(emacs)p Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(+o)g(vi)p Ft(')g(options)h(to)g |
11550 | Fs(set)p Ft(.)150 1802 y Fr(8.1)68 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)45 | |
11551 | b(to)g(Line)h(Editing)150 1962 y Ft(The)30 b(follo)m(wing)i(paragraphs) | |
11552 | d(describ)s(e)h(the)h(notation)g(used)f(to)h(represen)m(t)f(k)m | |
11553 | (eystrok)m(es.)275 2132 y(The)35 b(text)i Fi(C-k)f Ft(is)g(read)g(as)h | |
11554 | (`Con)m(trol-K')g(and)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(c)m(haracter)i(pro)s | |
11555 | (duced)d(when)g(the)h Fs(k)150 2242 y Ft(k)m(ey)31 b(is)g(pressed)e | |
11556 | (while)h(the)h(Con)m(trol)g(k)m(ey)g(is)g(depressed.)275 | |
11557 | 2412 y(The)g(text)i Fi(M-k)e Ft(is)h(read)f(as)i(`Meta-K')g(and)f | |
11558 | (describ)s(es)f(the)h(c)m(haracter)h(pro)s(duced)e(when)f(the)i(Meta) | |
11559 | 150 2521 y(k)m(ey)i(\(if)f(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(one\))g(is)f | |
11560 | (depressed,)g(and)f(the)h Fs(k)g Ft(k)m(ey)h(is)f(pressed.)48 | |
11561 | b(The)32 b(Meta)j(k)m(ey)e(is)h(lab)s(eled)f Fs(ALT)150 | |
11562 | 2631 y Ft(on)c(man)m(y)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)40 b(On)29 | |
11563 | b(k)m(eyb)s(oards)g(with)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(k)m(eys)f(lab)s(eled)g | |
11564 | Fs(ALT)e Ft(\(usually)i(to)g(either)g(side)g(of)g(the)150 | |
11565 | 2740 y(space)h(bar\),)f(the)g Fs(ALT)f Ft(on)h(the)g(left)h(side)f(is)g | |
11566 | (generally)h(set)f(to)h(w)m(ork)f(as)g(a)h(Meta)g(k)m(ey)-8 | |
11567 | b(.)42 b(The)29 b Fs(ALT)g Ft(k)m(ey)i(on)150 2850 y(the)c(righ)m(t)h | |
11568 | (ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)f(to)i(w)m(ork)f(as)h(a)f(Meta)i | |
11569 | (k)m(ey)f(or)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(con\014gured)h(as)g(some)h(other)150 | |
11570 | 2960 y(mo)s(di\014er,)i(suc)m(h)g(as)g(a)h(Comp)s(ose)f(k)m(ey)h(for)f | |
11571 | (t)m(yping)h(accen)m(ted)h(c)m(haracters.)275 3130 y(If)23 | |
11572 | b(y)m(ou)i(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(Meta)g(or)g Fs(ALT)e | |
11573 | Ft(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(or)e(another)f(k)m(ey)i(w)m(orking)e(as)h(a)g | |
11574 | (Meta)h(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)27 b(the)d(iden)m(tical)150 3239 | |
11575 | y(k)m(eystrok)m(e)30 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(generated)h(b)m(y)g(t)m(yping)g | |
11576 | Fs(ESC)e Fk(\014rst)p Ft(,)j(and)e(then)g(t)m(yping)h | |
11577 | Fs(k)p Ft(.)40 b(Either)28 b(pro)s(cess)g(is)g(kno)m(wn)150 | |
11578 | 3349 y(as)j Fq(metafying)39 b Ft(the)30 b Fs(k)g Ft(k)m(ey)-8 | |
11579 | b(.)275 3519 y(The)39 b(text)j Fi(M-C-k)d Ft(is)h(read)g(as)h | |
11580 | (`Meta-Con)m(trol-k')j(and)39 b(describ)s(es)h(the)g(c)m(haracter)i | |
11581 | (pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)150 3629 y Fq(metafying)g Fi(C-k)p | |
11582 | Ft(.)275 3799 y(In)c(addition,)j(sev)m(eral)f(k)m(eys)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g | |
11583 | (their)f(o)m(wn)g(names.)58 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)38 | |
11584 | b Fs(DEL)p Ft(,)f Fs(ESC)p Ft(,)g Fs(LFD)p Ft(,)g Fs(SPC)p | |
11585 | Ft(,)g Fs(RET)p Ft(,)150 3908 y(and)d Fs(TAB)f Ft(all)j(stand)e(for)g | |
11586 | (themselv)m(es)i(when)d(seen)i(in)f(this)g(text,)j(or)d(in)h(an)f(init) | |
11587 | h(\014le)f(\(see)i(Section)f(8.3)150 4018 y([Readline)27 | |
495aee44 | 11588 | b(Init)g(File],)i(page)e(98\).)41 b(If)26 b(y)m(our)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard)f |
0001803f CR |
11589 | (lac)m(ks)i(a)f Fs(LFD)f Ft(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)29 b(t)m(yping)e |
11590 | Fs(C-j)e Ft(will)i(pro)s(duce)f(the)150 4128 y(desired)k(c)m(haracter.) | |
11591 | 42 b(The)30 b Fs(RET)g Ft(k)m(ey)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(lab)s(eled)i | |
11592 | Fs(Return)e Ft(or)h Fs(Enter)f Ft(on)h(some)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)150 | |
11593 | 4413 y Fr(8.2)68 b(Readline)47 b(In)l(teraction)150 4573 | |
11594 | y Ft(Often)32 b(during)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(session)e(y)m(ou)g(t) | |
11595 | m(yp)s(e)g(in)f(a)h(long)g(line)g(of)f(text,)j(only)d(to)i(notice)g | |
11596 | (that)f(the)150 4682 y(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)g(on)g(the)g(line)h(is)g | |
17345e5a JA |
11597 | (missp)s(elled.)46 b(The)32 b(Readline)h(library)f(giv)m(es)h(y)m(ou)g |
11598 | (a)g(set)g(of)f(commands)g(for)150 4792 y(manipulating)e(the)g(text)h | |
11599 | (as)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)g(in,)g(allo)m(wing)h(y)m(ou)f(to)h | |
11600 | (just)e(\014x)g(y)m(our)h(t)m(yp)s(o,)g(and)g(not)g(forcing)150 | |
11601 | 4902 y(y)m(ou)e(to)h(ret)m(yp)s(e)g(the)f(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)29 | |
11602 | b(of)f(the)h(line.)40 b(Using)28 b(these)h(editing)g(commands,)f(y)m | |
11603 | (ou)h(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(cursor)150 5011 y(to)35 b(the)f(place)i(that)e | |
11604 | (needs)g(correction,)j(and)d(delete)h(or)f(insert)h(the)f(text)h(of)g | |
0001803f CR |
11605 | (the)f(corrections.)54 b(Then,)150 5121 y(when)24 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g |
11606 | (satis\014ed)g(with)g(the)g(line,)i(y)m(ou)e(simply)f(press)g | |
11607 | Fs(RET)p Ft(.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(do)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)g(b)s(e)e | |
11608 | (at)h(the)h(end)150 5230 y(of)33 b(the)h(line)g(to)g(press)e | |
11609 | Fs(RET)p Ft(;)i(the)g(en)m(tire)g(line)f(is)h(accepted)g(regardless)g | |
11610 | (of)f(the)h(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(cursor)150 5340 | |
11611 | y(within)c(the)g(line.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11612 | %%Page: 96 102 |
11613 | TeXDict begin 96 101 bop 150 -116 a Ft(96)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
11614 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(8.2.1)63 b(Readline)40 |
11615 | b(Bare)h(Essen)m(tials)150 446 y Ft(In)31 b(order)h(to)h(en)m(ter)g(c)m | |
11616 | (haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)g(line,)g(simply)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(them.)46 | |
11617 | b(The)31 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i(app)s(ears)150 | |
11618 | 555 y(where)e(the)h(cursor)e(w)m(as,)j(and)e(then)g(the)h(cursor)e(mo)m | |
11619 | (v)m(es)j(one)f(space)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.)47 b(If)32 | |
11620 | b(y)m(ou)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)g(a)150 665 y(c)m(haracter,)f(y)m(ou)f(can)g | |
11621 | (use)f(y)m(our)g(erase)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(bac)m(k)g(up)f(and)f | |
11622 | (delete)j(the)f(mist)m(yp)s(ed)e(c)m(haracter.)275 806 | |
17345e5a JA |
11623 | y(Sometimes)i(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)e(a)i(c)m(haracter,)g |
11624 | (and)e(not)i(notice)g(the)f(error)f(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(t) | |
0001803f | 11625 | m(yp)s(ed)150 916 y(sev)m(eral)e(other)f(c)m(haracters.)42 |
17345e5a | 11626 | b(In)28 b(that)i(case,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h |
0001803f CR |
11627 | Fi(C-b)d Ft(to)j(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(cursor)g(to)g(the)g(left,)i(and)150 |
11628 | 1026 y(then)f(correct)i(y)m(our)e(mistak)m(e.)42 b(Afterw)m(ards,)31 | |
17345e5a | 11629 | b(y)m(ou)f(can)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(cursor)g(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g |
0001803f | 11630 | (with)f Fi(C-f)p Ft(.)275 1167 y(When)i(y)m(ou)h(add)f(text)h(in)f(the) |
17345e5a | 11631 | h(middle)f(of)h(a)g(line,)h(y)m(ou)e(will)h(notice)h(that)f(c)m |
0001803f | 11632 | (haracters)h(to)g(the)e(righ)m(t)150 1277 y(of)d(the)g(cursor)f(are)h |
17345e5a JA |
11633 | (`pushed)e(o)m(v)m(er')j(to)g(mak)m(e)f(ro)s(om)g(for)f(the)h(text)h |
11634 | (that)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(inserted.)40 b(Lik)m(ewise,)150 | |
0001803f | 11635 | 1386 y(when)d(y)m(ou)g(delete)i(text)g(b)s(ehind)c(the)j(cursor,)h(c)m |
17345e5a | 11636 | (haracters)g(to)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)g(cursor)e(are)i(`pulled) |
0001803f | 11637 | 150 1496 y(bac)m(k')24 b(to)f(\014ll)g(in)f(the)h(blank)f(space)i |
17345e5a | 11638 | (created)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)24 b(of)f(the)g(text.)39 |
0001803f | 11639 | b(A)23 b(list)g(of)g(the)g(bare)f(essen)m(tials)150 1605 |
17345e5a | 11640 | y(for)30 b(editing)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(an)f(input)f(line)i(follo)m(ws.) |
0001803f CR |
11641 | 150 1775 y Fi(C-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m |
11642 | (haracter.)150 1941 y Fi(C-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(one) | |
11643 | h(c)m(haracter.)150 2108 y Fs(DEL)e Ft(or)i Fs(Backspace)630 | |
11644 | 2217 y Ft(Delete)i(the)d(c)m(haracter)i(to)f(the)g(left)g(of)f(the)h | |
11645 | (cursor.)150 2384 y Fi(C-d)336 b Ft(Delete)33 b(the)d(c)m(haracter)i | |
11646 | (underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150 2550 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630 | |
11647 | 2660 y(Insert)f(the)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)m(to)g(the)e(line)h(at)g(the)g | |
11648 | (cursor.)150 2826 y Fi(C-_)e Ft(or)i Fi(C-x)e(C-u)630 | |
11649 | 2936 y Ft(Undo)k(the)h(last)g(editing)g(command.)50 b(Y)-8 | |
11650 | b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)h(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g | |
11651 | (empt)m(y)630 3045 y(line.)150 3215 y(\(Dep)s(ending)29 | |
11652 | b(on)h(y)m(our)f(con\014guration,)i(the)e Fs(Backspace)e | |
11653 | Ft(k)m(ey)k(b)s(e)d(set)j(to)f(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(to)g(the) | |
11654 | 150 3324 y(left)37 b(of)f(the)h(cursor)e(and)h(the)g | |
11655 | Fs(DEL)g Ft(k)m(ey)h(set)f(to)h(delete)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i | |
11656 | (underneath)d(the)h(cursor,)i(lik)m(e)150 3434 y Fi(C-d)p | |
11657 | Ft(,)30 b(rather)g(than)g(the)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(the)f(left)h(of)g | |
11658 | (the)f(cursor.\))150 3640 y Fj(8.2.2)63 b(Readline)40 | |
11659 | b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)h(Commands)150 3787 y Ft(The)27 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i | |
11660 | (table)g(describ)s(es)e(the)g(most)i(basic)f(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(that)f | |
11661 | (y)m(ou)g(need)g(in)f(order)g(to)i(do)e(editing)i(of)150 | |
11662 | 3897 y(the)k(input)f(line.)49 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(y)m(our)f(con)m(v)m | |
11663 | (enience,)j(man)m(y)d(other)g(commands)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)d(added)g | |
11664 | (in)h(addition)150 4006 y(to)j Fi(C-b)p Ft(,)f Fi(C-f)p | |
11665 | Ft(,)g Fi(C-d)p Ft(,)h(and)e Fs(DEL)p Ft(.)54 b(Here)35 | |
11666 | b(are)g(some)h(commands)e(for)h(mo)m(ving)h(more)f(rapidly)f(ab)s(out)h | |
11667 | (the)150 4116 y(line.)150 4286 y Fi(C-a)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 | |
11668 | b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f(line.)150 4452 y Fi(C-e)336 | |
11669 | b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 | |
11670 | 4618 y Fi(M-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m(ord,)f | |
11671 | (where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(comp)s(osed)g(of)h(letters)h(and)d(digits.) | |
11672 | 150 4785 y Fi(M-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(a)g(w)m | |
11673 | (ord.)150 4951 y Fi(C-l)336 b Ft(Clear)31 b(the)f(screen,)h(reprin)m | |
11674 | (ting)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(at)g(the)f(top.)275 | |
11675 | 5121 y(Notice)c(ho)m(w)f Fi(C-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m | |
11676 | (haracter,)j(while)d Fi(M-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m | |
17345e5a JA |
11677 | (ord.)39 b(It)24 b(is)h(a)g(lo)s(ose)150 5230 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)32 |
11678 | b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m | |
11679 | (haracters)h(while)f(meta)h(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150 | |
11680 | 5340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11681 | %%Page: 97 103 |
11682 | TeXDict begin 97 102 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
11683 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(97)150 299 y Fj(8.2.3)63 | |
0001803f CR |
11684 | b(Readline)40 b(Killing)i(Commands)150 446 y Fq(Killing)35 |
11685 | b Ft(text)28 b(means)e(to)h(delete)h(the)f(text)g(from)g(the)f(line,)i | |
11686 | (but)e(to)h(sa)m(v)m(e)h(it)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(for)e(later)i(use,)f | |
11687 | (usually)150 555 y(b)m(y)g Fq(y)m(anking)35 b Ft(\(re-inserting\))28 | |
11688 | b(it)g(bac)m(k)f(in)m(to)h(the)f(line.)40 b(\(`Cut')27 | |
11689 | b(and)g(`paste')h(are)f(more)g(recen)m(t)h(jargon)f(for)150 | |
11690 | 665 y(`kill')32 b(and)d(`y)m(ank'.\))275 801 y(If)g(the)i(description)f | |
11691 | (for)g(a)h(command)f(sa)m(ys)g(that)h(it)g(`kills')g(text,)h(then)e(y)m | |
11692 | (ou)g(can)h(b)s(e)e(sure)h(that)h(y)m(ou)150 911 y(can)g(get)g(the)g | |
11693 | (text)g(bac)m(k)g(in)f(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(\(or)g(the)f(same\))h | |
11694 | (place)h(later.)275 1047 y(When)23 b(y)m(ou)g(use)g(a)h(kill)g | |
11695 | (command,)g(the)g(text)g(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(in)e(a)g | |
11696 | Fq(kill-ring)p Ft(.)39 b(An)m(y)24 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(consecutiv) | |
11697 | m(e)150 1157 y(kills)31 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(all)f(of)f(the)g(killed)h(text)g | |
17345e5a | 11698 | (together,)g(so)g(that)f(when)f(y)m(ou)h(y)m(ank)h(it)f(bac)m(k,)h(y)m |
0001803f | 11699 | (ou)g(get)g(it)f(all.)43 b(The)150 1267 y(kill)33 b(ring)f(is)g(not)h |
17345e5a JA |
11700 | (line)g(sp)s(eci\014c;)g(the)g(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)f(on)h(a)f |
11701 | (previously)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(line)f(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)150 | |
0001803f CR |
11702 | 1376 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)h(when)d(y)m(ou) |
11703 | i(are)g(t)m(yping)f(another)h(line.)275 1513 y(Here)f(is)h(the)f(list)h | |
11704 | (of)g(commands)f(for)g(killing)h(text.)150 1675 y Fi(C-k)336 | |
17345e5a | 11705 | b Ft(Kill)31 b(the)f(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s |
0001803f CR |
11706 | (osition)h(to)g(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 1836 |
11707 | y Fi(M-d)336 b Ft(Kill)27 b(from)f(the)g(cursor)g(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)h | |
17345e5a | 11708 | (the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)h(or,)h(if)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(w)m(ords,) |
0001803f | 11709 | g(to)g(the)630 1946 y(end)j(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41 |
17345e5a | 11710 | b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)g(used) |
0001803f CR |
11711 | f(b)m(y)g Fi(M-f)p Ft(.)150 2107 y Fi(M-DEL)240 b Ft(Kill)31 |
11712 | b(from)f(the)h(cursor)f(the)g(start)h(of)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(w)m(ord,) | |
11713 | h(or,)f(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)i(the)630 | |
11714 | 2217 y(start)39 b(of)f(the)h(previous)f(w)m(ord.)64 b(W)-8 | |
11715 | b(ord)39 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)i(the)f(same)h(as)g(those)f(used)g(b)m | |
11716 | (y)630 2326 y Fi(M-b)p Ft(.)150 2487 y Fi(C-w)336 b Ft(Kill)35 | |
11717 | b(from)g(the)g(cursor)f(to)i(the)f(previous)g(whitespace.)55 | |
11718 | b(This)34 b(is)h(di\013eren)m(t)h(than)e Fi(M-DEL)630 | |
11719 | 2597 y Ft(b)s(ecause)c(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(oundaries)f(di\013er.)275 | |
11720 | 2759 y(Here)42 b(is)f(ho)m(w)h(to)g Fq(y)m(ank)47 b Ft(the)42 | |
11721 | b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(line.)74 b(Y)-8 b(anking)43 | |
11722 | b(means)e(to)h(cop)m(y)h(the)e(most-)150 2869 y(recen)m(tly-killed)33 | |
11723 | b(text)e(from)f(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)150 3031 y Fi(C-y)336 | |
11724 | b Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(tly)h(killed)f(text)g(bac)m | |
11725 | (k)g(in)m(to)h(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h(the)f(cursor.)150 | |
11726 | 3192 y Fi(M-y)336 b Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h | |
11727 | (the)f(new)g(top.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h(this)f(if)h | |
11728 | (the)g(prior)630 3302 y(command)30 b(is)h Fi(C-y)e Ft(or)h | |
11729 | Fi(M-y)p Ft(.)150 3503 y Fj(8.2.4)63 b(Readline)40 b(Argumen)m(ts)150 | |
11730 | 3650 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)40 b(can)f(pass)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(ts)i(to)f | |
11731 | (Readline)h(commands.)67 b(Sometimes)39 b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h(acts)150 | |
11732 | 3760 y(as)g(a)h(rep)s(eat)f(coun)m(t,)j(other)e(times)f(it)h(is)f(the)g | |
11733 | Fk(sign)47 b Ft(of)41 b(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(that)h(is)f(signi\014can)m | |
11734 | (t.)71 b(If)40 b(y)m(ou)150 3869 y(pass)33 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)i(argumen) | |
17345e5a | 11735 | m(t)e(to)g(a)g(command)f(whic)m(h)g(normally)h(acts)g(in)f(a)h(forw)m |
0001803f | 11736 | (ard)f(direction,)i(that)150 3979 y(command)g(will)h(act)g(in)f(a)h |
17345e5a | 11737 | (bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(direction.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(example,)h(to)f(kill)g |
0001803f | 11738 | (text)g(bac)m(k)g(to)g(the)g(start)g(of)150 4088 y(the)31 |
17345e5a | 11739 | b(line,)g(y)m(ou)f(migh)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p Fs(M--)f(C-k)p |
0001803f | 11740 | Ft('.)275 4225 y(The)d(general)i(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)e(pass)g(n)m(umeric)g |
17345e5a | 11741 | (argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(a)f(command)g(is)g(to)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f(meta)i |
0001803f | 11742 | (digits)e(b)s(efore)150 4334 y(the)j(command.)42 b(If)30 |
17345e5a JA |
11743 | b(the)h(\014rst)f(`digit')i(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(is)g(a)g(min)m(us)f(sign)h |
11744 | (\(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('\),)h(then)f(the)g(sign)f(of)h(the)g(argumen)m(t)150 | |
0001803f | 11745 | 4444 y(will)39 b(b)s(e)e(negativ)m(e.)66 b(Once)38 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m |
17345e5a | 11746 | (e)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(one)h(meta)g(digit)g(to)f(get)i(the)e(argumen)m(t)h |
0001803f | 11747 | (started,)i(y)m(ou)150 4554 y(can)29 b(t)m(yp)s(e)g(the)g(remainder)f |
17345e5a | 11748 | (of)h(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)f(the)h(command.)40 |
0001803f CR |
11749 | b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example,)g(to)f(giv)m(e)i(the)e Fi(C-d)150 |
11750 | 4663 y Ft(command)37 b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(of)g(10,)i(y)m(ou)e(could)f | |
17345e5a | 11751 | (t)m(yp)s(e)h(`)p Fs(M-1)29 b(0)h(C-d)p Ft(',)39 b(whic)m(h)e(will)h |
0001803f CR |
11752 | (delete)h(the)e(next)h(ten)150 4773 y(c)m(haracters)32 |
11753 | b(on)e(the)h(input)e(line.)150 4974 y Fj(8.2.5)63 b(Searc)m(hing)40 | |
11754 | b(for)i(Commands)g(in)f(the)g(History)150 5121 y Ft(Readline)35 | |
11755 | b(pro)m(vides)f(commands)g(for)g(searc)m(hing)h(through)e(the)i | |
11756 | (command)f(history)g(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1)150 5230 y([Bash)i(History)h | |
495aee44 | 11757 | (F)-8 b(acilities],)42 b(page)37 b(125\))i(for)d(lines)h(con)m(taining) |
0001803f CR |
11758 | i(a)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(string.)60 b(There)36 b(are)i(t)m(w)m(o)150 |
11759 | 5340 y(searc)m(h)31 b(mo)s(des:)40 b Fq(incremen)m(tal)35 | |
11760 | b Ft(and)30 b Fq(non-incremen)m(tal)p Ft(.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
11761 | %%Page: 98 104 |
11762 | TeXDict begin 98 103 bop 150 -116 a Ft(98)2572 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
11763 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(Incremen)m(tal)26 b(searc)m(hes)h(b)s |
11764 | (egin)e(b)s(efore)g(the)h(user)f(has)h(\014nished)e(t)m(yping)i(the)g | |
11765 | (searc)m(h)g(string.)39 b(As)26 b(eac)m(h)150 408 y(c)m(haracter)37 | |
11766 | b(of)e(the)h(searc)m(h)g(string)f(is)h(t)m(yp)s(ed,)g(Readline)g | |
11767 | (displa)m(ys)g(the)f(next)h(en)m(try)g(from)e(the)i(history)150 | |
11768 | 518 y(matc)m(hing)25 b(the)f(string)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(so)g(far.)39 | |
11769 | b(An)23 b(incremen)m(tal)j(searc)m(h)e(requires)g(only)g(as)g(man)m(y)g | |
11770 | (c)m(haracters)i(as)150 628 y(needed)i(to)i(\014nd)d(the)i(desired)f | |
11771 | (history)h(en)m(try)-8 b(.)41 b(T)-8 b(o)29 b(searc)m(h)h(bac)m(kw)m | |
11772 | (ard)f(in)f(the)h(history)g(for)f(a)i(particular)150 | |
11773 | 737 y(string,)g(t)m(yp)s(e)f Fi(C-r)p Ft(.)40 b(T)m(yping)29 | |
11774 | b Fi(C-s)g Ft(searc)m(hes)h(forw)m(ard)f(through)g(the)g(history)-8 | |
11775 | b(.)41 b(The)29 b(c)m(haracters)i(presen)m(t)150 847 | |
11776 | y(in)38 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)g(the)g Fs(isearch-terminators)33 | |
11777 | b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(are)f(used)f(to)i(terminate)g(an)f(incremen)m | |
11778 | (tal)150 956 y(searc)m(h.)71 b(If)40 b(that)h(v)-5 b(ariable)41 | |
11779 | b(has)f(not)h(b)s(een)e(assigned)i(a)f(v)-5 b(alue,)44 | |
11780 | b(the)c Fs(ESC)g Ft(and)f Fi(C-J)h Ft(c)m(haracters)i(will)150 | |
11781 | 1066 y(terminate)h(an)g(incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h.)78 | |
11782 | b Fi(C-g)41 b Ft(will)i(ab)s(ort)f(an)g(incremen)m(tal)i(searc)m(h)f | |
11783 | (and)f(restore)h(the)150 1176 y(original)30 b(line.)41 | |
17345e5a | 11784 | b(When)28 b(the)h(searc)m(h)h(is)f(terminated,)h(the)f(history)g(en)m |
0001803f CR |
11785 | (try)g(con)m(taining)h(the)f(searc)m(h)h(string)150 1285 |
11786 | y(b)s(ecomes)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)275 1428 y(T)-8 | |
17345e5a | 11787 | b(o)31 b(\014nd)e(other)j(matc)m(hing)g(en)m(tries)g(in)e(the)h |
0001803f CR |
11788 | (history)g(list,)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fi(C-r)e Ft(or)h Fi(C-s)f |
11789 | Ft(as)h(appropriate.)43 b(This)150 1537 y(will)26 b(searc)m(h)h(bac)m | |
17345e5a JA |
11790 | (kw)m(ard)g(or)f(forw)m(ard)g(in)f(the)i(history)f(for)g(the)g(next)g |
11791 | (en)m(try)h(matc)m(hing)g(the)f(searc)m(h)h(string)150 | |
0001803f | 11792 | 1647 y(t)m(yp)s(ed)37 b(so)h(far.)63 b(An)m(y)38 b(other)f(k)m(ey)i |
17345e5a | 11793 | (sequence)f(b)s(ound)e(to)i(a)g(Readline)h(command)e(will)h(terminate)h |
0001803f CR |
11794 | (the)150 1757 y(searc)m(h)26 b(and)f(execute)i(that)f(command.)39 |
11795 | b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(instance,)h(a)f Fs(RET)f Ft(will)g(terminate)i(the)f | |
11796 | (searc)m(h)g(and)e(accept)150 1866 y(the)30 b(line,)g(thereb)m(y)f | |
11797 | (executing)i(the)e(command)g(from)g(the)h(history)f(list.)41 | |
11798 | b(A)29 b(mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)j(command)d(will)150 1976 | |
11799 | y(terminate)i(the)g(searc)m(h,)g(mak)m(e)h(the)e(last)h(line)g(found)e | |
11800 | (the)i(curren)m(t)f(line,)h(and)f(b)s(egin)g(editing.)275 | |
11801 | 2119 y(Readline)35 b(remem)m(b)s(ers)f(the)h(last)h(incremen)m(tal)g | |
11802 | (searc)m(h)f(string.)54 b(If)34 b(t)m(w)m(o)j Fi(C-r)p | |
11803 | Ft(s)c(are)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(without)150 2228 y(an)m(y)i(in)m(terv)m | |
11804 | (ening)g(c)m(haracters)h(de\014ning)e(a)h(new)f(searc)m(h)h(string,)h | |
11805 | (an)m(y)f(remem)m(b)s(ered)e(searc)m(h)i(string)g(is)150 | |
11806 | 2338 y(used.)275 2480 y(Non-incremen)m(tal)48 b(searc)m(hes)g(read)e | |
11807 | (the)h(en)m(tire)h(searc)m(h)f(string)g(b)s(efore)f(starting)h(to)h | |
11808 | (searc)m(h)f(for)150 2590 y(matc)m(hing)d(history)e(lines.)78 | |
11809 | b(The)42 b(searc)m(h)h(string)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(b)m(y)g | |
11810 | (the)h(user)f(or)h(b)s(e)f(part)g(of)h(the)150 2700 y(con)m(ten)m(ts)32 | |
11811 | b(of)f(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)150 2944 y Fr(8.3)68 | |
11812 | b(Readline)47 b(Init)e(File)150 3104 y Ft(Although)f(the)g(Readline)g | |
11813 | (library)f(comes)i(with)e(a)h(set)h(of)f(Emacs-lik)m(e)h(k)m | |
11814 | (eybindings)f(installed)g(b)m(y)150 3213 y(default,)26 | |
11815 | b(it)g(is)e(p)s(ossible)h(to)g(use)f(a)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(set)g(of)g(k) | |
11816 | m(eybindings.)38 b(An)m(y)25 b(user)f(can)h(customize)h(programs)150 | |
11817 | 3323 y(that)45 b(use)f(Readline)h(b)m(y)f(putting)g(commands)g(in)g(an) | |
11818 | g Fq(inputrc)49 b Ft(\014le,)g(con)m(v)m(en)m(tionally)e(in)d(his)g | |
11819 | (home)150 3433 y(directory)-8 b(.)59 b(The)35 b(name)i(of)f(this)g | |
11820 | (\014le)g(is)g(tak)m(en)h(from)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 | |
11821 | b(of)f(the)g(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b Fs(INPUTRC)p | |
11822 | Ft(.)56 b(If)150 3542 y(that)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(is)g(unset,)f | |
11823 | (the)h(default)f(is)h(`)p Fs(~/.inputrc)p Ft('.)44 b(If)32 | |
11824 | b(that)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(exist)g(or)g(cannot)g(b)s(e)150 | |
11825 | 3652 y(read,)e(the)f(ultimate)i(default)e(is)h(`)p Fs(/etc/inputrc)p | |
11826 | Ft('.)275 3794 y(When)e(a)h(program)f(whic)m(h)h(uses)f(the)h(Readline) | |
11827 | g(library)f(starts)h(up,)f(the)h(init)g(\014le)f(is)h(read,)g(and)f | |
11828 | (the)150 3904 y(k)m(ey)i(bindings)e(are)i(set.)275 4047 | |
11829 | y(In)26 b(addition,)i(the)f Fs(C-x)i(C-r)d Ft(command)h(re-reads)g | |
17345e5a | 11830 | (this)f(init)h(\014le,)h(th)m(us)f(incorp)s(orating)g(an)m(y)g(c)m |
0001803f CR |
11831 | (hanges)150 4156 y(that)k(y)m(ou)g(migh)m(t)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(made)g(to)g |
11832 | (it.)150 4364 y Fj(8.3.1)63 b(Readline)40 b(Init)h(File)g(Syn)m(tax)150 | |
11833 | 4511 y Ft(There)f(are)i(only)f(a)g(few)g(basic)g(constructs)h(allo)m(w) | |
11834 | m(ed)h(in)d(the)h(Readline)h(init)f(\014le.)73 b(Blank)41 | |
11835 | b(lines)h(are)150 4620 y(ignored.)72 b(Lines)41 b(b)s(eginning)f(with)h | |
17345e5a | 11836 | (a)g(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(')g(are)h(commen)m(ts.)73 b(Lines)41 |
0001803f CR |
11837 | b(b)s(eginning)f(with)g(a)i(`)p Fs($)p Ft(')f(indicate)150 |
11838 | 4730 y(conditional)e(constructs)f(\(see)g(Section)h(8.3.2)g | |
495aee44 | 11839 | ([Conditional)g(Init)e(Constructs],)j(page)e(104\).)64 |
0001803f CR |
11840 | b(Other)150 4839 y(lines)31 b(denote)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
11841 | b(settings)g(and)f(k)m(ey)h(bindings.)150 5011 y(V)-8 | |
11842 | b(ariable)32 b(Settings)630 5121 y(Y)-8 b(ou)41 b(can)g(mo)s(dify)e | |
11843 | (the)i(run-time)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(Readline)g(b)m(y)f(altering)h | |
11844 | (the)g(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(of)630 5230 y(v)-5 b(ariables)34 | |
11845 | b(in)f(Readline)i(using)e(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(command)g(within)g(the)h | |
11846 | (init)g(\014le.)50 b(The)33 b(syn)m(tax)630 5340 y(is)d(simple:)p | |
17345e5a | 11847 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
11848 | %%Page: 99 105 |
11849 | TeXDict begin 99 104 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
11850 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(99)870 299 y Fs(set)47 | |
11851 | b Fi(variable)56 b(value)630 436 y Ft(Here,)29 b(for)e(example,)h(is)g | |
0001803f | 11852 | (ho)m(w)f(to)h(c)m(hange)g(from)f(the)g(default)h(Emacs-lik)m(e)h(k)m |
495aee44 CR |
11853 | (ey)f(binding)e(to)630 545 y(use)k Fs(vi)g Ft(line)h(editing)g |
11854 | (commands:)870 682 y Fs(set)47 b(editing-mode)d(vi)630 | |
11855 | 819 y Ft(V)-8 b(ariable)36 b(names)f(and)g(v)-5 b(alues,)36 | |
0001803f | 11856 | b(where)f(appropriate,)h(are)g(recognized)g(without)f(regard)630 |
495aee44 CR |
11857 | 929 y(to)c(case.)42 b(Unrecognized)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
11858 | b(names)g(are)f(ignored.)630 1066 y(Bo)s(olean)c(v)-5 | |
17345e5a JA |
11859 | b(ariables)26 b(\(those)g(that)g(can)f(b)s(e)f(set)i(to)g(on)f(or)g |
11860 | (o\013)7 b(\))25 b(are)h(set)f(to)h(on)f(if)g(the)g(v)-5 | |
495aee44 | 11861 | b(alue)26 b(is)630 1176 y(n)m(ull)e(or)g(empt)m(y)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
11862 | b(,)27 b Fq(on)d Ft(\(case-insensitiv)m(e\),)29 b(or)24 |
11863 | b(1.)39 b(An)m(y)25 b(other)f(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(results)f(in)g(the)g(v) | |
495aee44 CR |
11864 | -5 b(ariable)630 1285 y(b)s(eing)30 b(set)h(to)g(o\013.)630 |
11865 | 1422 y(The)37 b Fs(bind)30 b(-V)37 b Ft(command)g(lists)i(the)f(curren) | |
17345e5a | 11866 | m(t)f(Readline)i(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(names)g(and)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
11867 | b(alues.)630 1532 y(See)31 b(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page) |
11868 | g(43.)630 1669 y(A)f(great)i(deal)f(of)g(run-time)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g | |
17345e5a | 11869 | (is)g(c)m(hangeable)j(with)d(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 11870 | b(ariables.)630 1833 y Fs(bell-style)1110 1943 y Ft(Con)m(trols)44 |
17345e5a | 11871 | b(what)g(happ)s(ens)e(when)h(Readline)i(w)m(an)m(ts)f(to)h(ring)e(the)h |
495aee44 | 11872 | (termi-)1110 2052 y(nal)37 b(b)s(ell.)61 b(If)37 b(set)h(to)g(`)p |
17345e5a | 11873 | Fs(none)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(nev)m(er)g(rings)e(the)i(b)s(ell.)61 |
495aee44 | 11874 | b(If)36 b(set)i(to)1110 2162 y(`)p Fs(visible)p Ft(',)32 |
17345e5a | 11875 | b(Readline)i(uses)f(a)g(visible)g(b)s(ell)g(if)g(one)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 11876 | b(ailable.)51 b(If)33 b(set)g(to)1110 2271 y(`)p Fs(audible)p |
17345e5a | 11877 | Ft(')j(\(the)i(default\),)i(Readline)e(attempts)g(to)h(ring)e(the)g |
495aee44 CR |
11878 | (terminal's)1110 2381 y(b)s(ell.)630 2545 y Fs(bind-tty-special-chars) |
11879 | 1110 2655 y Ft(If)45 b(set)h(to)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)50 | |
17345e5a | 11880 | b(Readline)45 b(attempts)i(to)f(bind)d(the)j(con)m(trol)g(c)m |
495aee44 | 11881 | (haracters)1110 2765 y(treated)36 b(sp)s(ecially)h(b)m(y)e(the)h(k)m |
17345e5a | 11882 | (ernel's)g(terminal)g(driv)m(er)f(to)h(their)f(Readline)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
11883 | 2874 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(ts.)630 3039 y Fs(comment-begin)1110 |
11884 | 3148 y Ft(The)29 b(string)g(to)h(insert)f(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(of) | |
11885 | g(the)h(line)f(when)f(the)i Fs(insert-)1110 3258 y(comment)e | |
17345e5a | 11886 | Ft(command)j(is)f(executed.)42 b(The)29 b(default)i(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
11887 | b(alue)31 b(is)f Fs("#")p Ft(.)630 3422 y Fs(completion-display-width) |
11888 | 1110 3532 y Ft(The)41 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(screen)g(columns)f(used) | |
11889 | g(to)h(displa)m(y)g(p)s(ossible)f(matc)m(hes)1110 3641 | |
11890 | y(when)28 b(p)s(erforming)g(completion.)41 b(The)29 b(v)-5 | |
11891 | b(alue)29 b(is)g(ignored)g(if)g(it)h(is)f(less)g(than)1110 | |
11892 | 3751 y(0)e(or)f(greater)h(than)f(the)g(terminal)h(screen)f(width.)39 | |
11893 | b(A)26 b(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(of)f(0)h(will)f(cause)1110 | |
11894 | 3861 y(matc)m(hes)32 b(to)f(b)s(e)e(displa)m(y)m(ed)i(one)g(p)s(er)e | |
11895 | (line.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(-1.)630 | |
11896 | 4025 y Fs(completion-ignore-case)1110 4134 y Ft(If)d(set)h(to)g(`)p | |
11897 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(p)s(erforms)e(\014lename)h(matc)m(hing)i | |
11898 | (and)e(completion)1110 4244 y(in)j(a)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)i(fashion.) | |
11899 | 40 b(The)30 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)h(`)p Fs(off)p | |
11900 | Ft('.)630 4408 y Fs(completion-map-case)1110 4518 y Ft(If)22 | |
11901 | b(set)g(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(and)e Fq(completion-ignore-case)31 | |
11902 | b Ft(is)22 b(enabled,)i(Readline)f(treats)1110 4628 y(h)m(yphens)29 | |
11903 | b(\(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('\))j(and)e(underscores)g(\(`)p Fs(_)p | |
11904 | Ft('\))i(as)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(when)e(p)s(erforming)1110 | |
11905 | 4737 y(case-insensitiv)m(e)j(\014lename)d(matc)m(hing)i(and)e | |
11906 | (completion.)630 4902 y Fs(completion-prefix-displa)o(y-le)o(ngth)1110 | |
11907 | 5011 y Ft(The)h(length)g(in)g(c)m(haracters)i(of)f(the)f(common)h | |
11908 | (pre\014x)e(of)h(a)h(list)g(of)f(p)s(ossible)1110 5121 | |
17345e5a | 11909 | y(completions)g(that)f(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(without)g(mo)s |
495aee44 | 11910 | (di\014cation.)41 b(When)29 b(set)h(to)h(a)1110 5230 |
17345e5a | 11911 | y(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(greater)h(than)e(zero,)j(common)e(pre\014xes)e |
495aee44 | 11912 | (longer)j(than)e(this)g(v)-5 b(alue)27 b(are)1110 5340 |
17345e5a | 11913 | y(replaced)k(with)f(an)g(ellipsis)h(when)e(displa)m(ying)i(p)s(ossible) |
495aee44 CR |
11914 | f(completions.)p eop end |
11915 | %%Page: 100 106 | |
11916 | TeXDict begin 100 105 bop 150 -116 a Ft(100)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
11917 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(completion-query-items)1110 | |
11918 | 408 y Ft(The)26 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h | |
11919 | (that)g(determines)f(when)f(the)i(user)1110 518 y(is)i(ask)m(ed)h | |
17345e5a | 11920 | (whether)f(the)h(list)g(of)f(p)s(ossibilities)h(should)e(b)s(e)h |
495aee44 CR |
11921 | (displa)m(y)m(ed.)41 b(If)29 b(the)1110 628 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d(of)h(p) |
11922 | s(ossible)f(completions)i(is)f(greater)h(than)e(this)h(v)-5 | |
11923 | b(alue,)28 b(Readline)1110 737 y(will)f(ask)g(the)f(user)g(whether)g | |
17345e5a | 11924 | (or)g(not)h(he)f(wishes)g(to)i(view)e(them;)i(otherwise,)1110 |
495aee44 | 11925 | 847 y(they)d(are)f(simply)g(listed.)40 b(This)23 b(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 11926 | b(ariable)25 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)e(set)i(to)g(an)g(in)m(teger)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 11927 | b(alue)1110 956 y(greater)26 b(than)f(or)f(equal)i(to)f(0.)40 |
17345e5a | 11928 | b(A)24 b(negativ)m(e)j(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(means)e(Readline)i(should)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
11929 | 1066 y(nev)m(er)31 b(ask.)41 b(The)29 b(default)i(limit)g(is)g |
11930 | Fs(100)p Ft(.)630 1230 y Fs(convert-meta)1110 1340 y | |
11931 | Ft(If)22 b(set)g(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)f(will)f(con)m(v)m | |
11932 | (ert)i(c)m(haracters)f(with)f(the)g(eigh)m(th)h(bit)f(set)1110 | |
11933 | 1450 y(to)33 b(an)e Fl(asci)r(i)h Ft(k)m(ey)h(sequence)f(b)m(y)g | |
0001803f | 11934 | (stripping)f(the)h(eigh)m(th)h(bit)f(and)f(pre\014xing)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
11935 | 1559 y(an)24 b Fs(ESC)g Ft(c)m(haracter,)j(con)m(v)m(erting)f(them)f |
11936 | (to)g(a)g(meta-pre\014xed)f(k)m(ey)h(sequence.)1110 1669 | |
11937 | y(The)30 b(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(`)p Fs(on)p | |
11938 | Ft('.)630 1833 y Fs(disable-completion)1110 1943 y Ft(If)36 | |
11939 | b(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(On)p Ft(',)g(Readline)f(will)g(inhibit)f(w)m(ord)h | |
11940 | (completion.)60 b(Completion)1110 2052 y(c)m(haracters)28 | |
11941 | b(will)e(b)s(e)f(inserted)h(in)m(to)h(the)g(line)f(as)g(if)g(they)h | |
11942 | (had)e(b)s(een)g(mapp)s(ed)1110 2162 y(to)31 b Fs(self-insert)p | |
11943 | Ft(.)38 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 | |
11944 | 2326 y Fs(editing-mode)1110 2436 y Ft(The)d Fs(editing-mode)e | |
11945 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(con)m(trols)h(whic)m(h)e(default)h(set)h(of)e(k) | |
11946 | m(ey)i(bind-)1110 2545 y(ings)25 b(is)g(used.)38 b(By)26 | |
11947 | b(default,)g(Readline)g(starts)f(up)f(in)h(Emacs)g(editing)h(mo)s(de,) | |
11948 | 1110 2655 y(where)j(the)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)i(are)e(most)h(similar)f(to) | |
11949 | h(Emacs.)40 b(This)29 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(can)1110 | |
11950 | 2765 y(b)s(e)g(set)h(to)g(either)g(`)p Fs(emacs)p Ft(')e(or)h(`)p | |
11951 | Fs(vi)p Ft('.)630 2929 y Fs(echo-control-characters)1110 | |
11952 | 3039 y Ft(When)g(set)h(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)f(on)g(op)s(erating)h | |
11953 | (systems)f(that)h(indicate)g(they)g(supp)s(ort)1110 3148 | |
11954 | y(it,)i(readline)e(ec)m(ho)s(es)i(a)f(c)m(haracter)h(corresp)s(onding)d | |
11955 | (to)j(a)f(signal)g(generated)1110 3258 y(from)e(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard.) | |
11956 | 41 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft('.)630 3422 | |
11957 | y Fs(enable-keypad)1110 3532 y Ft(When)23 b(set)h(to)g(`)p | |
11958 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)f(will)g(try)f(to)h(enable)g(the)f | |
11959 | (application)i(k)m(eypad)1110 3641 y(when)h(it)h(is)f(called.)41 | |
11960 | b(Some)27 b(systems)f(need)h(this)f(to)h(enable)g(the)g(arro)m(w)g(k)m | |
11961 | (eys.)1110 3751 y(The)j(default)g(is)h(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 | |
11962 | 3915 y Fs(enable-meta-key)1110 4025 y Ft(When)40 b(set)g(to)g(`)p | |
11963 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)j(Readline)d(will)g(try)g(to)g(enable)g(an)m(y)g(meta)h | |
11964 | (mo)s(di\014er)1110 4134 y(k)m(ey)i(the)e(terminal)i(claims)f(to)h | |
11965 | (supp)s(ort)d(when)h(it)h(is)g(called.)76 b(On)41 b(man)m(y)1110 | |
11966 | 4244 y(terminals,)c(the)e(meta)h(k)m(ey)g(is)f(used)g(to)h(send)e(eigh) | |
11967 | m(t-bit)j(c)m(haracters.)56 b(The)1110 4354 y(default)31 | |
11968 | b(is)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft('.)630 4518 y Fs(expand-tilde)1110 | |
11969 | 4628 y Ft(If)d(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)f(tilde)g(expansion)g(is)f | |
11970 | (p)s(erformed)f(when)h(Readline)h(attempts)1110 4737 | |
11971 | y(w)m(ord)i(completion.)42 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p | |
11972 | Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 4902 y Fs(history-preserve-point)1110 | |
11973 | 5011 y Ft(If)41 b(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(the)c(history)h(co)s | |
11974 | (de)g(attempts)h(to)f(place)h(the)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(\(the)1110 | |
11975 | 5121 y(curren)m(t)35 b(cursor)g(p)s(osition\))g(at)h(the)g(same)f(lo)s | |
11976 | (cation)i(on)e(eac)m(h)h(history)g(line)1110 5230 y(retriev)m(ed)h | |
11977 | (with)f Fs(previous-history)c Ft(or)37 b Fs(next-history)p | |
11978 | Ft(.)55 b(The)36 b(default)1110 5340 y(is)30 b(`)p Fs(off)p | |
11979 | Ft('.)p eop end | |
11980 | %%Page: 101 107 | |
11981 | TeXDict begin 101 106 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
11982 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(101)630 299 y Fs(history-size)1110 | |
11983 | 408 y Ft(Set)39 b(the)g(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(history)g | |
11984 | (en)m(tries)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(in)f(the)g(history)1110 518 | |
0001803f CR |
11985 | y(list.)53 b(If)34 b(set)h(to)g(zero,)i(the)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)g |
11986 | (en)m(tries)h(in)f(the)h(history)f(list)h(is)g(not)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
11987 | 628 y(limited.)630 778 y Fs(horizontal-scroll-mode)1110 |
11988 | 888 y Ft(This)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(set)h(to)h(either)f | |
0001803f | 11989 | (`)p Fs(on)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)57 b(Setting)36 |
495aee44 | 11990 | b(it)g(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(')1110 998 y(means)26 b(that)h(the)f(text)h |
17345e5a | 11991 | (of)g(the)f(lines)g(b)s(eing)g(edited)h(will)f(scroll)h(horizon)m |
495aee44 CR |
11992 | (tally)1110 1107 y(on)32 b(a)g(single)g(screen)g(line)g(when)e(they)i |
11993 | (are)g(longer)h(than)e(the)h(width)f(of)h(the)1110 1217 | |
11994 | y(screen,)27 b(instead)g(of)f(wrapping)f(on)m(to)i(a)f(new)g(screen)g | |
11995 | (line.)39 b(By)27 b(default,)g(this)1110 1326 y(v)-5 | |
11996 | b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)f(to)i(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 | |
11997 | 1477 y Fs(input-meta)1110 1587 y Ft(If)f(set)g(to)h(`)p | |
11998 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(will)f(enable)h(eigh)m(t-bit)h(input)d(\(it) | |
11999 | i(will)f(not)h(clear)1110 1696 y(the)40 b(eigh)m(th)g(bit)g(in)f(the)h | |
12000 | (c)m(haracters)h(it)f(reads\),)j(regardless)c(of)h(what)g(the)1110 | |
12001 | 1806 y(terminal)g(claims)h(it)g(can)f(supp)s(ort.)68 | |
12002 | b(The)39 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(`)p Fs(off)p | |
12003 | Ft('.)69 b(The)1110 1915 y(name)30 b Fs(meta-flag)e Ft(is)j(a)f(synon)m | |
12004 | (ym)g(for)g(this)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)630 2066 y Fs(isearch-terminators) | |
12005 | 1110 2176 y Ft(The)51 b(string)h(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(that)f(should)e | |
12006 | (terminate)j(an)f(incremen)m(tal)1110 2285 y(searc)m(h)25 | |
12007 | b(without)g(subsequen)m(tly)g(executing)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(as)f(a)g | |
12008 | (command)1110 2395 y(\(see)42 b(Section)f(8.2.5)i([Searc)m(hing],)i | |
12009 | (page)c(97\).)73 b(If)41 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(has)g(not)1110 | |
12010 | 2504 y(b)s(een)35 b(giv)m(en)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue,)37 b(the)f(c)m | |
12011 | (haracters)h Fs(ESC)d Ft(and)h Fi(C-J)g Ft(will)h(terminate)g(an)1110 | |
12012 | 2614 y(incremen)m(tal)c(searc)m(h.)630 2765 y Fs(keymap)192 | |
0001803f | 12013 | b Ft(Sets)39 b(Readline's)g(idea)h(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)f(k)m(eymap)h |
495aee44 | 12014 | (for)g(k)m(ey)g(binding)f(com-)1110 2874 y(mands.)81 |
0001803f | 12015 | b(Acceptable)47 b Fs(keymap)42 b Ft(names)i(are)h Fs(emacs)p |
495aee44 | 12016 | Ft(,)i Fs(emacs-standard)p Ft(,)1110 2984 y Fs(emacs-meta)p |
0001803f | 12017 | Ft(,)99 b Fs(emacs-ctlx)p Ft(,)f Fs(vi)p Ft(,)j Fs(vi-move)p |
495aee44 | 12018 | Ft(,)f Fs(vi-command)p Ft(,)f(and)1110 3093 y Fs(vi-insert)p |
0001803f CR |
12019 | Ft(.)64 b Fs(vi)38 b Ft(is)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)41 b(to)e |
12020 | Fs(vi-command)p Ft(;)i Fs(emacs)c Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)1110 | |
495aee44 | 12021 | 3203 y(to)33 b Fs(emacs-standard)p Ft(.)41 b(The)31 b(default)h(v)-5 |
0001803f | 12022 | b(alue)32 b(is)g Fs(emacs)p Ft(.)44 b(The)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 |
495aee44 CR |
12023 | b(of)f(the)1110 3313 y Fs(editing-mode)27 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 |
12024 | b(also)h(a\013ects)f(the)g(default)f(k)m(eymap.)630 3463 | |
12025 | y Fs(mark-directories)1110 3573 y Ft(If)38 b(set)g(to)h(`)p | |
0001803f | 12026 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(completed)e(directory)f(names)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(slash) |
495aee44 CR |
12027 | g(app)s(ended.)1110 3682 y(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p |
12028 | Fs(on)p Ft('.)630 3833 y Fs(mark-modified-lines)1110 | |
12029 | 3943 y Ft(This)k(v)-5 b(ariable,)38 b(when)d(set)h(to)h(`)p | |
0001803f | 12030 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(causes)g(Readline)f(to)h(displa)m(y)f(an)f(as-)1110 |
495aee44 | 12031 | 4052 y(terisk)f(\(`)p Fs(*)p Ft('\))h(at)f(the)g(start)g(of)g(history)g |
0001803f | 12032 | (lines)g(whic)m(h)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)e(mo)s(di\014ed.)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12033 | 4162 y(This)d(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft(')g(b)m(y)g |
12034 | (default.)630 4313 y Fs(mark-symlinked-directori)o(es)1110 | |
12035 | 4422 y Ft(If)44 b(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(completed)e(names)f | |
0001803f | 12036 | (whic)m(h)f(are)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(links)g(to)g(di-)1110 |
495aee44 | 12037 | 4532 y(rectories)j(ha)m(v)m(e)f(a)g(slash)f(app)s(ended)e(\(sub)5 |
0001803f | 12038 | b(ject)47 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)47 b(of)f Fs(mark-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12039 | 4641 y(directories)p Ft(\).)38 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p |
12040 | Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 4792 y Fs(match-hidden-files)1110 | |
12041 | 4902 y Ft(This)21 b(v)-5 b(ariable,)25 b(when)d(set)g(to)h(`)p | |
0001803f | 12042 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(causes)f(Readline)g(to)g(matc)m(h)g(\014les)f(whose) |
495aee44 | 12043 | 1110 5011 y(names)44 b(b)s(egin)g(with)g(a)g(`)p Fs(.)p |
0001803f | 12044 | Ft(')g(\(hidden)f(\014les\))i(when)e(p)s(erforming)g(\014lename)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12045 | 5121 y(completion.)75 b(If)41 b(set)g(to)h(`)p Fs(off)p |
12046 | Ft(',)i(the)e(leading)g(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(supplied)f | |
12047 | (b)m(y)1110 5230 y(the)34 b(user)g(in)g(the)g(\014lename)g(to)h(b)s(e)f | |
12048 | (completed.)53 b(This)33 b(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(is)f(`)p | |
12049 | Fs(on)p Ft(')g(b)m(y)1110 5340 y(default.)p eop end | |
12050 | %%Page: 102 108 | |
12051 | TeXDict begin 102 107 bop 150 -116 a Ft(102)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12052 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(menu-complete-display-pr)o(efix) | |
12053 | 1110 408 y Ft(If)i(set)h(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(men)m(u)e(completion) | |
12054 | i(displa)m(ys)e(the)h(common)g(pre\014x)e(of)i(the)1110 | |
12055 | 518 y(list)k(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(\(whic)m(h)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s | |
12056 | (e)f(empt)m(y\))i(b)s(efore)e(cycling)1110 628 y(through)30 | |
12057 | b(the)g(list.)42 b(The)29 b(default)i(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p | |
12058 | Ft('.)630 784 y Fs(output-meta)1110 894 y Ft(If)35 b(set)h(to)g(`)p | |
17345e5a | 12059 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)f(will)g(displa)m(y)f(c)m(haracters)i(with)e |
495aee44 | 12060 | (the)h(eigh)m(th)g(bit)1110 1003 y(set)h(directly)g(rather)f(than)g(as) |
17345e5a | 12061 | h(a)g(meta-pre\014xed)f(escap)s(e)h(sequence.)59 b(The)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12062 | 1113 y(default)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 1270 |
12063 | y Fs(page-completions)1110 1379 y Ft(If)j(set)i(to)f(`)p | |
17345e5a JA |
12064 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)g(uses)e(an)h(in)m(ternal)h |
12065 | Fs(more)p Ft(-lik)m(e)f(pager)g(to)h(displa)m(y)1110 | |
495aee44 | 12066 | 1489 y(a)e(screenful)f(of)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(at)f(a)g(time.) |
17345e5a | 12067 | 47 b(This)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)e(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(')1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12068 | 1598 y(b)m(y)e(default.)630 1755 y Fs(print-completions-horizo)o(ntal)o |
12069 | (ly)1110 1864 y Ft(If)23 b(set)i(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g | |
0001803f | 12070 | (will)f(displa)m(y)g(completions)h(with)f(matc)m(hes)h(sorted)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12071 | 1974 y(horizon)m(tally)45 b(in)e(alphab)s(etical)i(order,)i(rather)c |
12072 | (than)g(do)m(wn)g(the)h(screen.)1110 2084 y(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p | |
12073 | Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 2240 y Fs(revert-all-at-newline)1110 | |
12074 | 2350 y Ft(If)e(set)h(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(will)g(undo)f | |
17345e5a | 12075 | (all)h(c)m(hanges)h(to)f(history)g(lines)f(b)s(efore)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12076 | 2459 y(returning)f(when)f Fs(accept-line)f Ft(is)j(executed.)41 |
12077 | b(By)29 b(default,)g(history)g(lines)1110 2569 y(ma)m(y)42 | |
17345e5a | 12078 | b(b)s(e)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(and)h(retain)i(individual)e(undo)g(lists)h |
495aee44 CR |
12079 | (across)g(calls)h(to)1110 2679 y Fs(readline)p Ft(.)38 |
12080 | b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 2835 | |
12081 | y Fs(show-all-if-ambiguous)1110 2945 y Ft(This)f(alters)i(the)f | |
17345e5a | 12082 | (default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)g(the)h(completion)g(functions.)40 |
495aee44 | 12083 | b(If)29 b(set)1110 3054 y(to)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(w)m(ords)f(whic)m(h) |
17345e5a | 12084 | g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(more)f(than)f(one)h(p)s(ossible)f(completion)h(cause) |
495aee44 CR |
12085 | 1110 3164 y(the)39 b(matc)m(hes)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(listed)h(immediately)i |
12086 | (instead)e(of)g(ringing)g(the)g(b)s(ell.)1110 3273 y(The)30 | |
17345e5a | 12087 | b(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 |
495aee44 | 12088 | 3430 y Fs(show-all-if-unmodified)1110 3540 y Ft(This)38 |
17345e5a | 12089 | b(alters)h(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)f(the)h(completion)h |
495aee44 | 12090 | (functions)e(in)h(a)1110 3649 y(fashion)25 b(similar)g(to)h |
0001803f | 12091 | Fq(sho)m(w-all-if-am)m(biguous)t Ft(.)41 b(If)24 b(set)i(to)f(`)p |
495aee44 | 12092 | Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(w)m(ords)d(whic)m(h)1110 3759 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 |
17345e5a | 12093 | b(more)f(than)f(one)i(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(without)f(an)m(y)g(p)s |
495aee44 CR |
12094 | (ossible)f(par-)1110 3868 y(tial)43 b(completion)h(\(the)f(p)s(ossible) |
12095 | f(completions)h(don't)f(share)g(a)h(common)1110 3978 | |
17345e5a | 12096 | y(pre\014x\))30 b(cause)g(the)h(matc)m(hes)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(listed)g |
495aee44 | 12097 | (immediately)i(instead)e(of)h(ring-)1110 4088 y(ing)g(the)f(b)s(ell.)41 |
17345e5a | 12098 | b(The)30 b(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p |
495aee44 | 12099 | Ft('.)630 4244 y Fs(skip-completed-text)1110 4354 y Ft(If)i(set)i(to)f |
0001803f | 12100 | (`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(this)f(alters)g(the)g(default)g(completion)h(b)s |
495aee44 | 12101 | (eha)m(vior)f(when)f(in-)1110 4463 y(serting)d(a)h(single)g(matc)m(h)f |
0001803f | 12102 | (in)m(to)h(the)g(line.)40 b(It's)30 b(only)f(activ)m(e)i(when)d(p)s |
495aee44 | 12103 | (erform-)1110 4573 y(ing)35 b(completion)h(in)e(the)h(middle)f(of)h(a)f |
0001803f | 12104 | (w)m(ord.)53 b(If)35 b(enabled,)g(readline)g(do)s(es)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12105 | 4682 y(not)41 b(insert)f(c)m(haracters)i(from)e(the)h(completion)h |
12106 | (that)f(matc)m(h)g(c)m(haracters)1110 4792 y(after)c(p)s(oin)m(t)g(in)g | |
0001803f | 12107 | (the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed,)k(so)d(p)s(ortions)f(of)h(the)g |
495aee44 | 12108 | (w)m(ord)1110 4902 y(follo)m(wing)c(the)f(cursor)f(are)h(not)g |
0001803f | 12109 | (duplicated.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(instance,)h(if)f(this)f(is)h(en-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12110 | 5011 y(abled,)43 b(attempting)f(completion)g(when)d(the)i(cursor)f(is)g |
12111 | (after)h(the)g(`)p Fs(e)p Ft(')f(in)1110 5121 y(`)p Fs(Makefile)p | |
0001803f | 12112 | Ft(')c(will)i(result)f(in)g(`)p Fs(Makefile)p Ft(')f(rather)h(than)h(`) |
495aee44 | 12113 | p Fs(Makefilefile)p Ft(',)1110 5230 y(assuming)d(there)g(is)h(a)f |
0001803f | 12114 | (single)h(p)s(ossible)f(completion.)56 b(The)35 b(default)g(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
12115 | b(alue)1110 5340 y(is)30 b(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)p eop end |
12116 | %%Page: 103 109 | |
12117 | TeXDict begin 103 108 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12118 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(103)630 299 y Fs(visible-stats) | |
12119 | 1110 408 y Ft(If)31 b(set)i(to)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(a)f(c)m(haracter)i | |
12120 | (denoting)e(a)g(\014le's)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(is)g(app)s(ended)e(to)j(the) | |
12121 | 1110 518 y(\014lename)e(when)e(listing)i(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)42 | |
12122 | b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)150 675 | |
12123 | y(Key)f(Bindings)630 784 y(The)41 b(syn)m(tax)i(for)f(con)m(trolling)h | |
12124 | (k)m(ey)g(bindings)e(in)h(the)g(init)g(\014le)g(is)g(simple.)75 | |
12125 | b(First)43 b(y)m(ou)630 894 y(need)27 b(to)i(\014nd)d(the)i(name)f(of)h | |
12126 | (the)g(command)f(that)i(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(c)m(hange.)41 | |
12127 | b(The)27 b(follo)m(wing)630 1003 y(sections)37 b(con)m(tain)g(tables)g | |
12128 | (of)f(the)g(command)f(name,)j(the)e(default)g(k)m(eybinding,)h(if)f(an) | |
12129 | m(y)-8 b(,)630 1113 y(and)30 b(a)h(short)f(description)g(of)h(what)f | |
12130 | (the)g(command)h(do)s(es.)630 1246 y(Once)36 b(y)m(ou)g(kno)m(w)g(the)g | |
12131 | (name)g(of)g(the)g(command,)h(simply)f(place)h(on)e(a)i(line)f(in)g | |
12132 | (the)g(init)630 1356 y(\014le)e(the)g(name)f(of)h(the)g(k)m(ey)g(y)m | |
12133 | (ou)g(wish)f(to)h(bind)f(the)h(command)f(to,)i(a)f(colon,)i(and)d(then) | |
12134 | 630 1465 y(the)f(name)h(of)f(the)g(command.)46 b(There)32 | |
17345e5a | 12135 | b(can)g(b)s(e)g(no)g(space)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f(k)m(ey)h(name)g |
495aee44 | 12136 | (and)630 1575 y(the)41 b(colon)h({)f(that)g(will)g(b)s(e)g(in)m |
17345e5a | 12137 | (terpreted)g(as)g(part)f(of)h(the)g(k)m(ey)h(name.)72 |
495aee44 CR |
12138 | b(The)40 b(name)h(of)630 1684 y(the)35 b(k)m(ey)g(can)g(b)s(e)f |
12139 | (expressed)f(in)i(di\013eren)m(t)g(w)m(a)m(ys,)h(dep)s(ending)d(on)h | |
12140 | (what)h(y)m(ou)g(\014nd)e(most)630 1794 y(comfortable.)630 | |
12141 | 1927 y(In)i(addition)h(to)h(command)f(names,)i(readline)e(allo)m(ws)h | |
12142 | (k)m(eys)g(to)g(b)s(e)e(b)s(ound)f(to)j(a)f(string)630 | |
12143 | 2037 y(that)31 b(is)f(inserted)h(when)e(the)i(k)m(ey)g(is)f(pressed)g | |
12144 | (\(a)h Fq(macro)5 b Ft(\).)630 2170 y(The)42 b Fs(bind)30 | |
12145 | b(-p)42 b Ft(command)h(displa)m(ys)g(Readline)g(function)g(names)g(and) | |
12146 | f(bindings)g(in)h(a)630 2279 y(format)37 b(that)h(can)f(put)f(directly) | |
12147 | i(in)m(to)g(an)f(initialization)j(\014le.)60 b(See)38 | |
12148 | b(Section)f(4.2)i([Bash)630 2389 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(43.)630 | |
12149 | 2545 y Fq(k)m(eyname)5 b Ft(:)42 b Fq(function-name)35 | |
12150 | b Ft(or)c Fq(macro)1110 2655 y(k)m(eyname)k Ft(is)29 | |
12151 | b(the)f(name)h(of)g(a)g(k)m(ey)h(sp)s(elled)e(out)h(in)g(English.)39 | |
12152 | b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example:)1350 2788 y Fs(Control-u:)45 | |
12153 | b(universal-argument)1350 2898 y(Meta-Rubout:)f(backward-kill-word)1350 | |
12154 | 3007 y(Control-o:)h(">)i(output")1110 3140 y Ft(In)38 | |
12155 | b(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(example,)h Fi(C-u)d Ft(is)h(b)s(ound)d(to)k | |
12156 | (the)e(function)h Fs(universal-)1110 3250 y(argument)p | |
12157 | Ft(,)f Fi(M-DEL)e Ft(is)i(b)s(ound)e(to)i(the)g(function)g | |
12158 | Fs(backward-kill-word)p Ft(,)1110 3360 y(and)g Fi(C-o)g | |
12159 | Ft(is)h(b)s(ound)e(to)j(run)d(the)j(macro)f(expressed)g(on)f(the)i | |
12160 | (righ)m(t)f(hand)1110 3469 y(side)30 b(\(that)i(is,)e(to)h(insert)g | |
12161 | (the)f(text)i(`)p Fs(>)e(output)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)i(the)g(line\).)1110 | |
12162 | 3602 y(A)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(c)m(haracter)i | |
12163 | (names)e(are)g(recognized)h(while)f(pro-)1110 3712 y(cessing)22 | |
12164 | b(this)g(k)m(ey)g(binding)e(syn)m(tax:)37 b Fq(DEL)p | |
12165 | Ft(,)22 b Fq(ESC)8 b Ft(,)20 b Fq(ESCAPE)5 b Ft(,)21 | |
12166 | b Fq(LFD)5 b Ft(,)22 b Fq(NEW-)1110 3821 y(LINE)5 b Ft(,)31 | |
12167 | b Fq(RET)7 b Ft(,)29 b Fq(RETURN)10 b Ft(,)30 b Fq(R)m(UBOUT)7 | |
12168 | b Ft(,)31 b Fq(SP)-8 b(A)m(CE)5 b Ft(,)31 b Fq(SPC)8 | |
12169 | b Ft(,)29 b(and)h Fq(T)-8 b(AB)5 b Ft(.)630 3978 y Fs(")p | |
12170 | Fq(k)m(eyseq)r Fs(")p Ft(:)41 b Fq(function-name)36 b | |
12171 | Ft(or)30 b Fq(macro)1110 4088 y(k)m(eyseq)k Ft(di\013ers)d(from)f | |
17345e5a | 12172 | Fq(k)m(eyname)37 b Ft(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)32 b(in)f(that)h(strings)f |
495aee44 | 12173 | (denoting)g(an)g(en-)1110 4197 y(tire)j(k)m(ey)h(sequence)f(can)g(b)s |
17345e5a | 12174 | (e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)h(b)m(y)f(placing)i(the)f(k)m(ey)g(sequence)g(in) |
495aee44 | 12175 | 1110 4307 y(double)29 b(quotes.)41 b(Some)29 b Fl(gnu)h |
17345e5a | 12176 | Ft(Emacs)f(st)m(yle)i(k)m(ey)f(escap)s(es)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(used,)g(as) |
495aee44 CR |
12177 | 1110 4416 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)i(example,)f(but)e(the)h(sp)s |
12178 | (ecial)h(c)m(haracter)g(names)f(are)g(not)1110 4526 y(recognized.)1350 | |
12179 | 4659 y Fs("\\C-u":)46 b(universal-argument)1350 4769 | |
12180 | y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)1350 4878 y("\\e[11~":)g("Function) | |
12181 | h(Key)g(1")1110 5011 y Ft(In)64 b(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(example,)74 | |
0001803f | 12182 | b Fi(C-u)64 b Ft(is)g(again)i(b)s(ound)c(to)k(the)e(function)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12183 | 5121 y Fs(universal-argument)39 b Ft(\(just)k(as)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(in)g |
12184 | (the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)49 b(`)p Fi(C-x)1110 5230 | |
0001803f CR |
12185 | y(C-r)p Ft(')30 b(is)g(b)s(ound)e(to)j(the)g(function)f |
12186 | Fs(re-read-init-file)p Ft(,)c(and)j(`)p Fs(ESC)h([)g(1)g(1)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
12187 | 5340 y(~)p Ft(')g(is)h(b)s(ound)d(to)j(insert)f(the)h(text)g(`)p |
12188 | Fs(Function)e(Key)g(1)p Ft('.)p eop end | |
12189 | %%Page: 104 110 | |
12190 | TeXDict begin 104 109 bop 150 -116 a Ft(104)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12191 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(The)e(follo)m(wing)i | |
0001803f | 12192 | Fl(gnu)f Ft(Emacs)g(st)m(yle)h(escap)s(e)f(sequences)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
12193 | b(ailable)32 b(when)d(sp)s(ecifying)630 408 y(k)m(ey)i(sequences:)630 |
12194 | 578 y Fi(\\C-)336 b Ft(con)m(trol)32 b(pre\014x)630 748 | |
12195 | y Fi(\\M-)336 b Ft(meta)31 b(pre\014x)630 918 y Fi(\\e)384 | |
12196 | b Ft(an)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter)630 1087 y Fi(\\\\)384 | |
12197 | b Ft(bac)m(kslash)630 1257 y Fi(\\)p Fs(")g(")p Ft(,)30 | |
12198 | b(a)h(double)f(quotation)i(mark)630 1427 y Fi(\\')384 | |
12199 | b Fs(')p Ft(,)30 b(a)h(single)g(quote)g(or)f(ap)s(ostrophe)630 | |
12200 | 1597 y(In)d(addition)h(to)g(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(Emacs)h(st)m(yle)h(escap) | |
12201 | s(e)f(sequences,)h(a)f(second)f(set)h(of)g(bac)m(kslash)630 | |
12202 | 1706 y(escap)s(es)j(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable:)630 1876 | |
12203 | y Fs(\\a)384 b Ft(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))630 2046 y Fs(\\b)384 | |
12204 | b Ft(bac)m(kspace)630 2215 y Fs(\\d)g Ft(delete)630 2385 | |
12205 | y Fs(\\f)g Ft(form)30 b(feed)630 2555 y Fs(\\n)384 b | |
12206 | Ft(newline)630 2724 y Fs(\\r)g Ft(carriage)32 b(return)630 | |
12207 | 2894 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32 b(tab)630 3064 | |
12208 | y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32 b(tab)630 3234 y Fs(\\)p | |
12209 | Fi(nnn)288 b Ft(the)35 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5 | |
12210 | b(alue)35 b(is)g(the)f(o)s(ctal)i(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fq(nnn)e | |
12211 | Ft(\(one)i(to)1110 3343 y(three)c(digits\))630 3513 y | |
12212 | Fs(\\x)p Fi(HH)288 b Ft(the)40 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e | |
12213 | (v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)h(the)f(hexadecimal)i(v)-5 b(alue)40 | |
12214 | b Fq(HH)1110 3622 y Ft(\(one)31 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e(digits\))630 | |
12215 | 3792 y(When)37 b(en)m(tering)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(a)g(macro,)i(single)e | |
12216 | (or)f(double)g(quotes)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)630 | |
12217 | 3902 y(indicate)23 b(a)e(macro)h(de\014nition.)38 b(Unquoted)21 | |
12218 | b(text)i(is)e(assumed)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(a)h(function)f(name.)38 | |
12219 | b(In)630 4011 y(the)22 b(macro)f(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(,)23 | |
12220 | b(the)e(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(es)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j | |
12221 | (are)e(expanded.)37 b(Bac)m(kslash)630 4121 y(will)j(quote)h(an)m(y)f | |
12222 | (other)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)d(the)i(macro)f(text,)k(including)39 | |
17345e5a | 12223 | b(`)p Fs(")p Ft(')h(and)g(`)p Fs(')p Ft('.)69 b(F)-8 |
495aee44 | 12224 | b(or)630 4231 y(example,)28 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(binding)d(will)i |
0001803f | 12225 | (mak)m(e)h(`)p Fi(C-x)j Fs(\\)p Ft(')c(insert)f(a)h(single)h(`)p |
495aee44 CR |
12226 | Fs(\\)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)g(the)g(line:)870 4370 y Fs("\\C-x\\\\":)45 |
12227 | b("\\\\")150 4580 y Fj(8.3.2)63 b(Conditional)41 b(Init)g(Constructs) | |
12228 | 150 4727 y Ft(Readline)c(implemen)m(ts)g(a)h(facilit)m(y)g(similar)f | |
0001803f | 12229 | (in)g(spirit)f(to)i(the)f(conditional)h(compilation)g(features)f(of)150 |
495aee44 | 12230 | 4836 y(the)31 b(C)f(prepro)s(cessor)g(whic)m(h)g(allo)m(ws)i(k)m(ey)g |
0001803f | 12231 | (bindings)d(and)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(settings)f(to)h(b)s(e)e(p)s |
495aee44 | 12232 | (erformed)f(as)i(the)150 4946 y(result)f(of)h(tests.)41 |
0001803f | 12233 | b(There)30 b(are)h(four)f(parser)f(directiv)m(es)j(used.)150 |
495aee44 | 12234 | 5121 y Fs($if)336 b Ft(The)31 b Fs($if)f Ft(construct)i(allo)m(ws)h |
17345e5a | 12235 | (bindings)d(to)i(b)s(e)e(made)i(based)f(on)g(the)g(editing)h(mo)s(de,)g |
495aee44 | 12236 | (the)630 5230 y(terminal)39 b(b)s(eing)e(used,)j(or)e(the)g |
17345e5a | 12237 | (application)h(using)f(Readline.)64 b(The)38 b(text)h(of)f(the)g(test) |
495aee44 CR |
12238 | 630 5340 y(extends)30 b(to)h(the)g(end)f(of)g(the)h(line;)g(no)f(c)m |
12239 | (haracters)i(are)f(required)e(to)i(isolate)i(it.)p eop | |
12240 | end | |
12241 | %%Page: 105 111 | |
12242 | TeXDict begin 105 110 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12243 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(105)630 299 y Fs(mode)288 | |
12244 | b Ft(The)20 b Fs(mode=)g Ft(form)g(of)h(the)g Fs($if)f | |
12245 | Ft(directiv)m(e)j(is)e(used)f(to)h(test)h(whether)e(Readline)1110 | |
12246 | 408 y(is)29 b(in)h Fs(emacs)e Ft(or)h Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)s(de.)40 | |
17345e5a | 12247 | b(This)29 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(in)g(conjunction)h(with)f(the)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12248 | 518 y(`)p Fs(set)h(keymap)p Ft(')c(command,)i(for)f(instance,)i(to)f |
12249 | (set)g(bindings)f(in)g(the)h Fs(emacs-)1110 628 y(standard)23 | |
17345e5a | 12250 | b Ft(and)h Fs(emacs-ctlx)f Ft(k)m(eymaps)i(only)g(if)g(Readline)h(is)f |
495aee44 CR |
12251 | (starting)h(out)1110 737 y(in)k Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de.)630 |
12252 | 897 y Fs(term)288 b Ft(The)26 b Fs(term=)g Ft(form)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e | |
17345e5a | 12253 | (used)g(to)i(include)f(terminal-sp)s(eci\014c)g(k)m(ey)h(bind-)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
12254 | 1006 y(ings,)38 b(p)s(erhaps)c(to)j(bind)e(the)h(k)m(ey)h(sequences)f |
12255 | (output)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(terminal's)1110 1116 y(function)24 | |
17345e5a | 12256 | b(k)m(eys.)39 b(The)23 b(w)m(ord)h(on)f(the)i(righ)m(t)f(side)g(of)g |
495aee44 | 12257 | (the)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')g(is)g(tested)h(against)1110 1225 |
17345e5a | 12258 | y(b)s(oth)k(the)h(full)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(terminal)h(and)e(the)i(p)s |
495aee44 | 12259 | (ortion)e(of)h(the)g(terminal)1110 1335 y(name)k(b)s(efore)f(the)g |
17345e5a JA |
12260 | (\014rst)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)50 b(This)33 b(allo)m(ws)i |
12261 | Fs(sun)e Ft(to)h(matc)m(h)g(b)s(oth)f Fs(sun)g Ft(and)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
12262 | 1445 y Fs(sun-cmd)p Ft(,)c(for)h(instance.)630 1604 y |
12263 | Fs(application)1110 1714 y Ft(The)21 b Fq(application)j | |
17345e5a | 12264 | Ft(construct)e(is)g(used)f(to)i(include)f(application-sp)s(eci\014c)h |
495aee44 CR |
12265 | (set-)1110 1823 y(tings.)39 b(Eac)m(h)26 b(program)e(using)g(the)h |
12266 | (Readline)g(library)g(sets)g(the)g Fq(application)1110 | |
12267 | 1933 y(name)5 b Ft(,)25 b(and)d(y)m(ou)h(can)g(test)h(for)e(a)h | |
12268 | (particular)h(v)-5 b(alue.)38 b(This)22 b(could)h(b)s(e)f(used)g(to) | |
12269 | 1110 2042 y(bind)32 b(k)m(ey)h(sequences)g(to)h(functions)e(useful)g | |
12270 | (for)h(a)g(sp)s(eci\014c)f(program.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)1110 | |
12271 | 2152 y(instance,)35 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(command)f(adds)f(a)i(k)m(ey) | |
12272 | f(sequence)h(that)f(quotes)1110 2262 y(the)e(curren)m(t)f(or)g | |
12273 | (previous)g(w)m(ord)g(in)g(Bash:)1350 2396 y Fs($if)47 | |
12274 | b(Bash)1350 2506 y(#)g(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word) | |
12275 | 1350 2615 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")1350 2725 y($endif)150 | |
12276 | 2884 y($endif)192 b Ft(This)29 b(command,)i(as)f(seen)h(in)f(the)g | |
12277 | (previous)g(example,)h(terminates)g(an)g Fs($if)e Ft(command.)150 | |
12278 | 3044 y Fs($else)240 b Ft(Commands)29 b(in)h(this)h(branc)m(h)e(of)i | |
12279 | (the)f Fs($if)g Ft(directiv)m(e)i(are)f(executed)g(if)f(the)h(test)g | |
12280 | (fails.)150 3203 y Fs($include)96 b Ft(This)43 b(directiv)m(e)i(tak)m | |
12281 | (es)g(a)e(single)i(\014lename)e(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(and)f(reads)g | |
12282 | (commands)630 3313 y(and)38 b(bindings)f(from)h(that)i(\014le.)65 | |
0001803f | 12283 | b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)j(the)d(follo)m(wing)h(directiv)m(e)g(reads)e |
495aee44 CR |
12284 | (from)630 3422 y(`)p Fs(/etc/inputrc)p Ft(':)870 3557 |
12285 | y Fs($include)46 b(/etc/inputrc)150 3756 y Fj(8.3.3)63 | |
12286 | b(Sample)41 b(Init)g(File)150 3903 y Ft(Here)27 b(is)f(an)h(example)g | |
0001803f CR |
12287 | (of)f(an)h Fq(inputrc)k Ft(\014le.)39 b(This)26 b(illustrates)h(k)m(ey) |
12288 | h(binding,)e(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(assignmen)m(t,)i(and)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
12289 | 4012 y(conditional)j(syn)m(tax.)p eop end |
12290 | %%Page: 106 112 | |
12291 | TeXDict begin 106 111 bop 150 -116 a Ft(106)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
12292 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 408 y Fs(#)47 b(This)g(file)g(controls)e |
12293 | (the)i(behaviour)e(of)j(line)e(input)h(editing)e(for)390 | |
12294 | 518 y(#)i(programs)f(that)h(use)g(the)f(GNU)h(Readline)f(library.)93 | |
12295 | b(Existing)390 628 y(#)47 b(programs)f(include)g(FTP,)g(Bash,)h(and)g | |
12296 | (GDB.)390 737 y(#)390 847 y(#)g(You)g(can)g(re-read)f(the)h(inputrc)f | |
12297 | (file)g(with)h(C-x)g(C-r.)390 956 y(#)g(Lines)g(beginning)e(with)i('#') | |
12298 | g(are)g(comments.)390 1066 y(#)390 1176 y(#)g(First,)g(include)e(any)i | |
12299 | (systemwide)e(bindings)h(and)h(variable)390 1285 y(#)g(assignments)e | |
12300 | (from)i(/etc/Inputrc)390 1395 y($include)f(/etc/Inputrc)390 | |
12301 | 1614 y(#)390 1724 y(#)h(Set)g(various)f(bindings)g(for)h(emacs)f(mode.) | |
12302 | 390 1943 y(set)h(editing-mode)d(emacs)390 2162 y($if)j(mode=emacs)390 | |
12303 | 2381 y(Meta-Control-h:)91 b(backward-kill-word)43 b(Text)k(after)f(the) | |
12304 | h(function)f(name)g(is)h(ignored)390 2600 y(#)390 2710 | |
12305 | y(#)g(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(keypad)e(mode)390 2819 y(#)390 | |
12306 | 2929 y(#"\\M-OD":)379 b(backward-char)390 3039 y(#"\\M-OC":)g | |
12307 | (forward-char)390 3148 y(#"\\M-OA":)g(previous-history)390 | |
12308 | 3258 y(#"\\M-OB":)g(next-history)390 3367 y(#)390 3477 | |
12309 | y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(ANSI)e(mode)390 3587 y(#)390 | |
12310 | 3696 y("\\M-[D":)380 b(backward-char)390 3806 y("\\M-[C":)g | |
12311 | (forward-char)390 3915 y("\\M-[A":)g(previous-history)390 | |
12312 | 4025 y("\\M-[B":)g(next-history)390 4134 y(#)390 4244 | |
12313 | y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(keypad)f(mode)390 | |
12314 | 4354 y(#)390 4463 y(#"\\M-\\C-OD":)331 b(backward-char)390 | |
12315 | 4573 y(#"\\M-\\C-OC":)g(forward-char)390 4682 y(#"\\M-\\C-OA":)g | |
12316 | (previous-history)390 4792 y(#"\\M-\\C-OB":)g(next-history)390 | |
12317 | 4902 y(#)390 5011 y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(ANSI)g(mode) | |
12318 | 390 5121 y(#)390 5230 y(#"\\M-\\C-[D":)331 b(backward-char)390 | |
12319 | 5340 y(#"\\M-\\C-[C":)g(forward-char)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
12320 | %%Page: 107 113 |
12321 | TeXDict begin 107 112 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12322 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(107)390 299 y Fs(#"\\M-\\C-[A":) | |
17345e5a JA |
12323 | 331 b(previous-history)390 408 y(#"\\M-\\C-[B":)g(next-history)390 |
12324 | 628 y(C-q:)47 b(quoted-insert)390 847 y($endif)390 1066 | |
12325 | y(#)g(An)h(old-style)d(binding.)93 b(This)47 b(happens)f(to)h(be)g(the) | |
12326 | g(default.)390 1176 y(TAB:)g(complete)390 1395 y(#)g(Macros)g(that)f | |
12327 | (are)h(convenient)e(for)i(shell)f(interaction)390 1504 | |
12328 | y($if)h(Bash)390 1614 y(#)g(edit)g(the)g(path)390 1724 | |
12329 | y("\\C-xp":)f("PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a)o(\\ef)o(\\C-f)o(")390 | |
12330 | 1833 y(#)h(prepare)f(to)h(type)g(a)h(quoted)e(word)g(--)390 | |
12331 | 1943 y(#)h(insert)g(open)f(and)h(close)f(double)h(quotes)390 | |
12332 | 2052 y(#)g(and)g(move)g(to)g(just)g(after)f(the)h(open)g(quote)390 | |
12333 | 2162 y("\\C-x\\"":)e("\\"\\"\\C-b")390 2271 y(#)i(insert)g(a)g | |
12334 | (backslash)e(\(testing)h(backslash)f(escapes)390 2381 | |
12335 | y(#)i(in)h(sequences)d(and)i(macros\))390 2491 y("\\C-x\\\\":)e("\\\\") | |
12336 | 390 2600 y(#)i(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word)390 | |
12337 | 2710 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")390 2819 y(#)h(Add)g(a)h(binding)e | |
12338 | (to)h(refresh)f(the)h(line,)f(which)g(is)h(unbound)390 | |
12339 | 2929 y("\\C-xr":)f(redraw-current-line)390 3039 y(#)h(Edit)g(variable)f | |
12340 | (on)h(current)f(line.)390 3148 y("\\M-\\C-v":)f | |
12341 | ("\\C-a\\C-k$\\C-y\\M-\\C-e\\C-)o(a\\C-)o(y=")390 3258 | |
12342 | y($endif)390 3477 y(#)i(use)g(a)h(visible)e(bell)g(if)h(one)g(is)h | |
12343 | (available)390 3587 y(set)f(bell-style)e(visible)390 | |
12344 | 3806 y(#)i(don't)g(strip)f(characters)f(to)i(7)h(bits)e(when)h(reading) | |
12345 | 390 3915 y(set)g(input-meta)e(on)390 4134 y(#)i(allow)g(iso-latin1)e | |
12346 | (characters)g(to)i(be)g(inserted)f(rather)390 4244 y(#)h(than)g | |
12347 | (converted)e(to)j(prefix-meta)c(sequences)390 4354 y(set)j | |
12348 | (convert-meta)d(off)390 4573 y(#)j(display)f(characters)f(with)i(the)g | |
12349 | (eighth)f(bit)h(set)g(directly)390 4682 y(#)g(rather)g(than)f(as)h | |
12350 | (meta-prefixed)e(characters)390 4792 y(set)i(output-meta)e(on)390 | |
12351 | 5011 y(#)i(if)h(there)e(are)h(more)g(than)f(150)h(possible)f | |
12352 | (completions)e(for)390 5121 y(#)j(a)h(word,)e(ask)h(the)g(user)g(if)g | |
12353 | (he)g(wants)f(to)i(see)f(all)f(of)i(them)390 5230 y(set)f | |
12354 | (completion-query-items)42 b(150)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
12355 | %%Page: 108 114 |
12356 | TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Ft(108)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
12357 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(#)47 b(For)g(FTP)390 |
12358 | 408 y($if)g(Ftp)390 518 y("\\C-xg":)f("get)g(\\M-?")390 | |
12359 | 628 y("\\C-xt":)g("put)g(\\M-?")390 737 y("\\M-.":)g(yank-last-arg)390 | |
0001803f CR |
12360 | 847 y($endif)150 1075 y Fr(8.4)68 b(Bindable)45 b(Readline)i(Commands) |
12361 | 150 1235 y Ft(This)32 b(section)h(describ)s(es)f(Readline)h(commands)f | |
12362 | (that)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)d(b)s(ound)g(to)i(k)m(ey)g(sequences.)48 | |
12363 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)150 1344 y(list)40 b(y)m(our)f(k)m(ey)i(bindings)d | |
12364 | (b)m(y)h(executing)i Fs(bind)29 b(-P)39 b Ft(or,)j(for)d(a)h(more)g | |
12365 | (terse)g(format,)i(suitable)e(for)f(an)150 1454 y Fq(inputrc)34 | |
17345e5a | 12366 | b Ft(\014le,)29 b Fs(bind)g(-p)p Ft(.)40 b(\(See)30 b(Section)f(4.2)h |
495aee44 | 12367 | ([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(43.\))41 b(Command)28 b(names)h(without) |
0001803f CR |
12368 | 150 1563 y(an)h(accompan)m(ying)i(k)m(ey)f(sequence)g(are)g(un)m(b)s |
12369 | (ound)d(b)m(y)i(default.)275 1696 y(In)25 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)i | |
17345e5a JA |
12370 | (descriptions,)f Fq(p)s(oin)m(t)h Ft(refers)e(to)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g |
12371 | (cursor)g(p)s(osition,)h(and)f Fq(mark)31 b Ft(refers)150 | |
0001803f | 12372 | 1805 y(to)40 b(a)f(cursor)f(p)s(osition)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(the)g |
17345e5a | 12373 | Fs(set-mark)d Ft(command.)66 b(The)38 b(text)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)f |
0001803f CR |
12374 | (p)s(oin)m(t)g(and)150 1915 y(mark)30 b(is)h(referred)e(to)i(as)g(the)f |
12375 | Fq(region)p Ft(.)150 2110 y Fj(8.4.1)63 b(Commands)42 | |
12376 | b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Mo)m(ving)150 2280 y Fs(beginning-of-line)26 | |
12377 | b(\(C-a\))630 2390 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f | |
12378 | (curren)m(t)g(line.)150 2545 y Fs(end-of-line)d(\(C-e\))630 | |
12379 | 2655 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 | |
12380 | 2810 y Fs(forward-char)c(\(C-f\))630 2920 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 | |
12381 | b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m(haracter.)150 3075 y Fs(backward-char)c(\(C-b\)) | |
12382 | 630 3185 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(a)e(c)m(haracter.)150 | |
12383 | 3340 y Fs(forward-word)d(\(M-f\))630 3450 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 | |
17345e5a JA |
12384 | b(forw)m(ard)e(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41 |
12385 | b(W)-8 b(ords)30 b(are)h(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(letters)i(and)630 | |
0001803f CR |
12386 | 3559 y(digits.)150 3715 y Fs(backward-word)27 b(\(M-b\))630 |
12387 | 3824 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)36 b(bac)m(k)e(to)g(the)g(start)g(of)g(the)g | |
17345e5a | 12388 | (curren)m(t)f(or)g(previous)g(w)m(ord.)50 b(W)-8 b(ords)34 |
0001803f CR |
12389 | b(are)g(comp)s(osed)630 3934 y(of)d(letters)g(and)f(digits.)150 |
12390 | 4089 y Fs(shell-forward-word)25 b(\(\))630 4199 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)30 | |
17345e5a JA |
12391 | b(forw)m(ard)e(to)h(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)40 |
12392 | b(W)-8 b(ords)28 b(are)g(delimited)h(b)m(y)f(non-quoted)630 | |
0001803f CR |
12393 | 4308 y(shell)j(metac)m(haracters.)150 4464 y Fs(shell-backward-word)25 |
12394 | b(\(\))630 4573 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)37 b(bac)m(k)e(to)h(the)f(start)g(of)g | |
17345e5a | 12395 | (the)g(curren)m(t)g(or)f(previous)h(w)m(ord.)53 b(W)-8 |
0001803f CR |
12396 | b(ords)35 b(are)g(delimited)630 4683 y(b)m(y)30 b(non-quoted)h(shell)f |
12397 | (metac)m(haracters.)150 4838 y Fs(clear-screen)d(\(C-l\))630 | |
12398 | 4948 y Ft(Clear)g(the)g(screen)f(and)h(redra)m(w)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f | |
17345e5a | 12399 | (line,)i(lea)m(ving)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)g(at)g(the)g(top)630 |
0001803f CR |
12400 | 5057 y(of)k(the)f(screen.)150 5213 y Fs(redraw-current-line)25 |
12401 | b(\(\))630 5322 y Ft(Refresh)30 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h(line.)41 | |
12402 | b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)p eop | |
12403 | end | |
495aee44 CR |
12404 | %%Page: 109 115 |
12405 | TeXDict begin 109 114 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12406 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(109)150 299 y Fj(8.4.2)63 | |
0001803f CR |
12407 | b(Commands)42 b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Manipulating)h(The)f(History)150 |
12408 | 473 y Fs(accept-line)27 b(\(Newline)h(or)i(Return\))630 | |
12409 | 582 y Ft(Accept)25 b(the)e(line)h(regardless)g(of)f(where)g(the)h | |
12410 | (cursor)e(is.)39 b(If)23 b(this)g(line)h(is)f(non-empt)m(y)-8 | |
12411 | b(,)26 b(add)c(it)630 692 y(to)27 b(the)f(history)g(list)h(according)g | |
12412 | (to)g(the)f(setting)i(of)e(the)g Fs(HISTCONTROL)d Ft(and)j | |
12413 | Fs(HISTIGNORE)630 802 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)42 b(If)30 | |
12414 | b(this)h(line)g(is)g(a)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(history)i(line,)g(then)f | |
12415 | (restore)i(the)f(history)f(line)h(to)630 911 y(its)g(original)g(state.) | |
12416 | 150 1075 y Fs(previous-history)26 b(\(C-p\))630 1184 | |
12417 | y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(`bac)m(k')g(through)e(the)g(history)h(list,)g | |
12418 | (fetc)m(hing)g(the)g(previous)f(command.)150 1348 y Fs(next-history)d | |
12419 | (\(C-n\))630 1457 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(`forw)m(ard')f(through)e(the)i | |
12420 | (history)f(list,)i(fetc)m(hing)f(the)g(next)f(command.)150 | |
12421 | 1621 y Fs(beginning-of-history)25 b(\(M-<\))630 1730 | |
12422 | y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(\014rst)g(line)g(in)h(the)f(history)-8 | |
12423 | b(.)150 1894 y Fs(end-of-history)26 b(\(M->\))630 2004 | |
12424 | y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(input)e(history)-8 | |
12425 | b(,)31 b(i.e.,)h(the)f(line)f(curren)m(tly)h(b)s(eing)f(en)m(tered.)150 | |
12426 | 2167 y Fs(reverse-search-history)24 b(\(C-r\))630 2277 | |
12427 | y Ft(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)g(at)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g | |
12428 | (line)g(and)g(mo)m(ving)h(`up')e(through)h(the)g(his-)630 | |
12429 | 2386 y(tory)g(as)f(necessary)-8 b(.)42 b(This)29 b(is)i(an)f(incremen)m | |
12430 | (tal)i(searc)m(h.)150 2550 y Fs(forward-search-history)24 | |
12431 | b(\(C-s\))630 2659 y Ft(Searc)m(h)30 b(forw)m(ard)f(starting)h(at)g | |
12432 | (the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)h(and)f(mo)m(ving)h(`do)m(wn')f(through)g(the) | |
12433 | h(the)630 2769 y(history)g(as)h(necessary)-8 b(.)41 b(This)30 | |
12434 | b(is)g(an)h(incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h.)150 2932 y Fs | |
12435 | (non-incremental-reverse-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o(ist)o(ory)24 | |
12436 | b(\(M-p\))630 3042 y Ft(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)g(at)g | |
17345e5a | 12437 | (the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(mo)m(ving)h(`up')e(through)h(the)g |
0001803f | 12438 | (his-)630 3152 y(tory)36 b(as)g(necessary)h(using)e(a)i(non-incremen)m |
17345e5a | 12439 | (tal)g(searc)m(h)f(for)g(a)g(string)g(supplied)f(b)m(y)h(the)630 |
0001803f CR |
12440 | 3261 y(user.)150 3425 y Fs(non-incremental-forward-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o |
12441 | (ist)o(ory)24 b(\(M-n\))630 3534 y Ft(Searc)m(h)30 b(forw)m(ard)f | |
17345e5a | 12442 | (starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)h(and)f(mo)m(ving)h(`do)m(wn') |
0001803f | 12443 | f(through)g(the)h(the)630 3644 y(history)d(as)f(necessary)i(using)e(a)h |
17345e5a | 12444 | (non-incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h)h(for)e(a)h(string)g(supplied)e(b)m(y)i |
0001803f CR |
12445 | (the)630 3754 y(user.)150 3917 y Fs(history-search-forward)d(\(\))630 |
12446 | 4027 y Ft(Searc)m(h)42 b(forw)m(ard)f(through)f(the)i(history)f(for)g | |
17345e5a | 12447 | (the)h(string)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)630 |
0001803f | 12448 | 4136 y(start)36 b(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m |
17345e5a | 12449 | (t.)55 b(This)34 b(is)i(a)f(non-incremen)m(tal)h(searc)m(h.)56 |
0001803f CR |
12450 | b(By)630 4246 y(default,)31 b(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 |
12451 | 4409 y Fs(history-search-backward)24 b(\(\))630 4519 | |
17345e5a JA |
12452 | y Ft(Searc)m(h)35 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(through)f(the)h(history)g(for)g |
12453 | (the)f(string)h(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)630 | |
0001803f | 12454 | 4629 y(start)g(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t.) |
17345e5a | 12455 | 55 b(This)34 b(is)i(a)f(non-incremen)m(tal)h(searc)m(h.)56 |
0001803f CR |
12456 | b(By)630 4738 y(default,)31 b(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 |
12457 | 4902 y Fs(yank-nth-arg)c(\(M-C-y\))630 5011 y Ft(Insert)37 | |
17345e5a | 12458 | b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)i(to)f(the)h(previous)e(command)h |
0001803f | 12459 | (\(usually)g(the)g(second)g(w)m(ord)630 5121 y(on)32 |
17345e5a JA |
12460 | b(the)g(previous)f(line\))i(at)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)46 b(With)32 |
12461 | b(an)g(argumen)m(t)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(insert)g(the)g Fq(n)p | |
0001803f CR |
12462 | Ft(th)f(w)m(ord)g(from)630 5230 y(the)k(previous)f(command)h(\(the)g(w) |
12463 | m(ords)g(in)f(the)h(previous)g(command)f(b)s(egin)h(with)f(w)m(ord)630 | |
12464 | 5340 y(0\).)69 b(A)40 b(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t)f(inserts)g(the)f | |
12465 | Fq(n)p Ft(th)g(w)m(ord)g(from)g(the)h(end)f(of)h(the)f(previous)p | |
12466 | eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
12467 | %%Page: 110 116 |
12468 | TeXDict begin 110 115 bop 150 -116 a Ft(110)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
12469 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(command.)48 b(Once)33 |
12470 | b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h Fq(n)e Ft(is)h(computed,)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g | |
12471 | (is)g(extracted)i(as)e(if)630 408 y(the)e(`)p Fs(!)p | |
12472 | Fi(n)11 b Ft(')29 b(history)i(expansion)f(had)g(b)s(een)f(sp)s | |
495aee44 CR |
12473 | (eci\014ed.)150 579 y Fs(yank-last-arg)e(\(M-.)i(or)h(M-_\))630 |
12474 | 689 y Ft(Insert)k(last)i(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(the)f(previous)f(command)h | |
12475 | (\(the)h(last)f(w)m(ord)g(of)g(the)g(previous)630 798 | |
12476 | y(history)e(en)m(try\).)51 b(With)34 b(a)g(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t,)h | |
12477 | (b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)f(exactly)h(lik)m(e)g Fs(yank-nth-arg)p | |
12478 | Ft(.)630 908 y(Successiv)m(e)26 b(calls)g(to)f Fs(yank-last-arg)c | |
12479 | Ft(mo)m(v)m(e)27 b(bac)m(k)e(through)f(the)h(history)g(list,)i | |
12480 | (inserting)630 1018 y(the)c(last)g(w)m(ord)f(\(or)h(the)g(w)m(ord)f(sp) | |
12481 | s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(the)g(\014rst)f(call\))i | |
12482 | (of)f(eac)m(h)h(line)630 1127 y(in)36 b(turn.)58 b(An)m(y)36 | |
12483 | b(n)m(umeric)h(argumen)m(t)f(supplied)g(to)h(these)g(successiv)m(e)g | |
12484 | (calls)h(determines)630 1237 y(the)d(direction)g(to)h(mo)m(v)m(e)g | |
12485 | (through)e(the)h(history)-8 b(.)54 b(A)35 b(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t)e | |
12486 | (switc)m(hes)h(the)630 1346 y(direction)23 b(through)g(the)g(history)f | |
12487 | (\(bac)m(k)i(or)f(forw)m(ard\).)38 b(The)22 b(history)h(expansion)g | |
12488 | (facilities)630 1456 y(are)28 b(used)f(to)h(extract)h(the)f(last)g | |
12489 | (argumen)m(t,)h(as)e(if)h(the)g(`)p Fs(!$)p Ft(')f(history)g(expansion) | |
12490 | h(had)f(b)s(een)630 1565 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150 1776 y | |
12491 | Fj(8.4.3)63 b(Commands)42 b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Changing)g(T)-10 | |
12492 | b(ext)150 1953 y Fs(delete-char)27 b(\(C-d\))630 2063 | |
12493 | y Ft(Delete)41 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)66 | |
12494 | b(If)39 b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)h(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)g | |
12495 | (line,)j(there)630 2173 y(are)37 b(no)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i | |
17345e5a | 12496 | (line,)h(and)d(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(w)m(as)g(not)g |
495aee44 CR |
12497 | (b)s(ound)e(to)630 2282 y Fs(delete-char)p Ft(,)28 b(then)i(return)f |
12498 | Fl(eof)p Ft(.)150 2453 y Fs(backward-delete-char)c(\(Rubout\))630 | |
12499 | 2562 y Ft(Delete)32 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)g(b)s(ehind)e(the)h(cursor.)40 | |
17345e5a | 12500 | b(A)30 b(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)h(means)f(to)h(kill)g(the)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12501 | 2672 y(c)m(haracters)h(instead)e(of)h(deleting)g(them.)150 |
12502 | 2843 y Fs(forward-backward-delete-)o(char)24 b(\(\))630 | |
12503 | 2952 y Ft(Delete)40 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(under)c(the)j(cursor,)h | |
17345e5a | 12504 | (unless)d(the)i(cursor)e(is)h(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)630 |
495aee44 | 12505 | 3062 y(line,)33 b(in)e(whic)m(h)g(case)i(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s |
17345e5a | 12506 | (ehind)d(the)i(cursor)f(is)g(deleted.)46 b(By)32 b(default,)g(this)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12507 | 3172 y(is)e(not)h(b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150 |
12508 | 3342 y Fs(quoted-insert)27 b(\(C-q)i(or)h(C-v\))630 3452 | |
17345e5a JA |
12509 | y Ft(Add)j(the)i(next)f(c)m(haracter)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(to)h(the)f(line)h |
12510 | (v)m(erbatim.)53 b(This)33 b(is)i(ho)m(w)f(to)h(insert)f(k)m(ey)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
12511 | 3561 y(sequences)d(lik)m(e)g Fi(C-q)p Ft(,)f(for)g(example.)150 |
12512 | 3732 y Fs(self-insert)d(\(a,)j(b,)g(A,)f(1,)h(!,)g(...)o(\))630 | |
12513 | 3842 y Ft(Insert)g(y)m(ourself.)150 4012 y Fs(transpose-chars)c | |
12514 | (\(C-t\))630 4122 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g | |
17345e5a | 12515 | (cursor)f(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g |
495aee44 | 12516 | (cursor,)630 4232 y(mo)m(ving)k(the)g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m |
17345e5a | 12517 | (ell.)57 b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(at)i(the)e(end) |
495aee44 | 12518 | g(of)h(the)630 4341 y(line,)24 b(then)e(this)g(transp)s(oses)f(the)h |
17345e5a | 12519 | (last)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)38 |
495aee44 CR |
12520 | b(Negativ)m(e)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 4451 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 |
12521 | b(no)e(e\013ect.)150 4621 y Fs(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630 | |
12522 | 4731 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(past)g | |
17345e5a | 12523 | (the)h(w)m(ord)f(after)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(mo)m(ving)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(past) |
495aee44 | 12524 | g(that)630 4841 y(w)m(ord)c(as)h(w)m(ell.)41 b(If)27 |
17345e5a | 12525 | b(the)i(insertion)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)f(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f |
495aee44 CR |
12526 | (line,)i(this)e(transp)s(oses)g(the)630 4950 y(last)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m |
12527 | (ords)e(on)g(the)h(line.)150 5121 y Fs(upcase-word)c(\(M-u\))630 | |
12528 | 5230 y Ft(Upp)s(ercase)32 b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(follo)m(wing\))i | |
17345e5a | 12529 | (w)m(ord.)45 b(With)32 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)j(argumen)m(t,)e(upp)s(er-)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12530 | 5340 y(case)e(the)g(previous)f(w)m(ord,)g(but)g(do)g(not)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h |
12531 | (the)e(cursor.)p eop end | |
12532 | %%Page: 111 117 | |
12533 | TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12534 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(111)150 299 y Fs(downcase-word)27 | |
12535 | b(\(M-l\))630 408 y Ft(Lo)m(w)m(ercase)c(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)h | |
12536 | (follo)m(wing\))i(w)m(ord.)37 b(With)22 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m | |
12537 | (t,)g(lo)m(w)m(ercase)630 518 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e | |
12538 | (do)i(not)f(mo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 692 y Fs(capitalize-word)26 | |
12539 | b(\(M-c\))630 801 y Ft(Capitalize)d(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g(follo)m | |
12540 | (wing\))i(w)m(ord.)38 b(With)21 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t,)h | |
12541 | (capitalize)630 911 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e(do)i(not)f | |
12542 | (mo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 1084 y Fs(overwrite-mode)26 | |
12543 | b(\(\))630 1194 y Ft(T)-8 b(oggle)35 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)g(mo)s(de.)48 | |
17345e5a | 12544 | b(With)33 b(an)g(explicit)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,) |
495aee44 | 12545 | h(switc)m(hes)630 1304 y(to)22 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)i(mo)s(de.)37 |
17345e5a | 12546 | b(With)22 b(an)g(explicit)h(non-p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m |
495aee44 | 12547 | (t,)i(switc)m(hes)e(to)630 1413 y(insert)30 b(mo)s(de.)41 |
17345e5a | 12548 | b(This)30 b(command)h(a\013ects)h(only)e Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de;)i |
495aee44 | 12549 | Fs(vi)f Ft(mo)s(de)g(do)s(es)g(o)m(v)m(erwrite)630 1523 |
17345e5a JA |
12550 | y(di\013eren)m(tly)-8 b(.)42 b(Eac)m(h)31 b(call)h(to)f |
12551 | Fs(readline\(\))c Ft(starts)k(in)f(insert)g(mo)s(de.)630 | |
495aee44 | 12552 | 1664 y(In)e(o)m(v)m(erwrite)j(mo)s(de,)e(c)m(haracters)i(b)s(ound)c(to) |
17345e5a | 12553 | j Fs(self-insert)c Ft(replace)k(the)g(text)g(at)g(p)s(oin)m(t)630 |
495aee44 | 12554 | 1774 y(rather)41 b(than)h(pushing)e(the)i(text)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.) |
17345e5a | 12555 | 75 b(Characters)42 b(b)s(ound)d(to)j Fs(backward-)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12556 | 1883 y(delete-char)27 b Ft(replace)32 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(b)s(efore) |
12557 | e(p)s(oin)m(t)h(with)f(a)g(space.)630 2025 y(By)h(default,)f(this)h | |
12558 | (command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 2238 y Fj(8.4.4)63 | |
12559 | b(Killing)42 b(And)e(Y)-10 b(anking)150 2417 y Fs(kill-line)28 | |
12560 | b(\(C-k\))630 2527 y Ft(Kill)j(the)f(text)i(from)e(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h | |
12561 | (the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f(line.)150 2700 y Fs(backward-kill-line)25 | |
12562 | b(\(C-x)30 b(Rubout\))630 2810 y Ft(Kill)h(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(to)g(the)f | |
12563 | (b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 2984 y Fs(unix-line-discard)26 | |
12564 | b(\(C-u\))630 3093 y Ft(Kill)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(from)e(the)i(cursor) | |
17345e5a | 12565 | f(to)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)150 |
495aee44 | 12566 | 3267 y Fs(kill-whole-line)c(\(\))630 3376 y Ft(Kill)37 |
17345e5a JA |
12567 | b(all)g(c)m(haracters)h(on)f(the)f(curren)m(t)h(line,)h(no)f(matter)g |
12568 | (where)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is.)59 b(By)36 b(default,)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
12569 | 3486 y(this)30 b(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 3659 y Fs(kill-word)d(\(M-d\)) |
12570 | 630 3769 y Ft(Kill)i(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f | |
17345e5a | 12571 | (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h |
495aee44 | 12572 | (the)g(end)630 3879 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8 |
17345e5a | 12573 | b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs(forward-word)p |
495aee44 CR |
12574 | Ft(.)150 4052 y Fs(backward-kill-word)25 b(\(M-DEL\))630 |
12575 | 4162 y Ft(Kill)k(the)g(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)40 | |
17345e5a | 12576 | b(W)-8 b(ord)29 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)g(as)g |
495aee44 CR |
12577 | Fs(backward-word)p Ft(.)150 4335 y Fs(shell-kill-word)d(\(\))630 |
12578 | 4445 y Ft(Kill)k(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f | |
17345e5a | 12579 | (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h |
495aee44 | 12580 | (the)g(end)630 4555 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8 |
17345e5a | 12581 | b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs |
495aee44 CR |
12582 | (shell-forward-word)p Ft(.)150 4728 y Fs(shell-backward-kill-word)24 |
12583 | b(\(\))630 4838 y Ft(Kill)e(the)h(w)m(ord)e(b)s(ehind)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)38 | |
17345e5a | 12584 | b(W)-8 b(ord)22 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)h(as)f |
495aee44 CR |
12585 | Fs(shell-backward-)630 4947 y(word)p Ft(.)150 5121 y |
12586 | Fs(unix-word-rubout)k(\(C-w\))630 5230 y Ft(Kill)32 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f | |
17345e5a | 12587 | (b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(using)f(white)h(space)g(as)g(a)g(w)m(ord)f |
495aee44 CR |
12588 | (b)s(oundary)-8 b(.)43 b(The)31 b(killed)630 5340 y(text)g(is)g(sa)m(v) |
12589 | m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)p eop end | |
12590 | %%Page: 112 118 | |
12591 | TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Ft(112)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12592 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(unix-filename-rubout)25 | |
12593 | b(\(\))630 408 y Ft(Kill)37 b(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,) | |
12594 | j(using)e(white)g(space)h(and)f(the)g(slash)g(c)m(haracter)i(as)f(the) | |
12595 | 630 518 y(w)m(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries.)39 b(The)30 b(killed)h(text)g(is) | |
12596 | g(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)150 673 y Fs | |
12597 | (delete-horizontal-space)24 b(\(\))630 783 y Ft(Delete)33 | |
12598 | b(all)e(spaces)g(and)e(tabs)i(around)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)41 | |
12599 | b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(is)f(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 938 | |
12600 | y Fs(kill-region)d(\(\))630 1048 y Ft(Kill)k(the)f(text)i(in)e(the)g | |
12601 | (curren)m(t)h(region.)41 b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f(is)g(un) | |
12602 | m(b)s(ound.)150 1203 y Fs(copy-region-as-kill)25 b(\(\))630 | |
12603 | 1313 y Ft(Cop)m(y)34 b(the)g(text)h(in)f(the)g(region)g(to)h(the)f | |
12604 | (kill)h(bu\013er,)f(so)g(it)h(can)f(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)i(righ)m(t)f | |
12605 | (a)m(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1422 y(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f | |
12606 | (is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 1578 y Fs(copy-backward-word)25 | |
12607 | b(\(\))630 1687 y Ft(Cop)m(y)38 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m | |
12608 | (t)g(to)i(the)e(kill)h(bu\013er.)64 b(The)38 b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(oundaries) | |
12609 | f(are)i(the)630 1797 y(same)31 b(as)f Fs(backward-word)p | |
12610 | Ft(.)38 b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 | |
12611 | 1952 y Fs(copy-forward-word)26 b(\(\))630 2062 y Ft(Cop)m(y)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
12612 | b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(follo)m(wing)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)h(the)f(kill)h |
12613 | (bu\013er.)42 b(The)30 b(w)m(ord)h(b)s(oundaries)e(are)j(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 12614 | 2171 y(same)f(as)f Fs(forward-word)p Ft(.)38 b(By)30 |
17345e5a | 12615 | b(default,)h(this)g(command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 |
495aee44 | 12616 | 2327 y Fs(yank)f(\(C-y\))630 2436 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31 |
17345e5a | 12617 | b(the)f(top)h(of)g(the)f(kill)h(ring)f(in)m(to)i(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h |
495aee44 | 12618 | (p)s(oin)m(t.)150 2592 y Fs(yank-pop)d(\(M-y\))630 2701 |
17345e5a JA |
12619 | y Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54 |
12620 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h(this)f(if)h(the)g(prior)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
12621 | 2811 y(command)30 b(is)h Fs(yank)e Ft(or)h Fs(yank-pop)p |
12622 | Ft(.)150 3006 y Fj(8.4.5)63 b(Sp)s(ecifying)42 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)m | |
12623 | (ts)150 3176 y Fs(digit-argument)26 b(\()p Fi(M-0)p Fs(,)j | |
12624 | Fi(M-1)p Fs(,)h(...)f Fi(M--)p Fs(\))630 3285 y Ft(Add)d(this)h(digit)g | |
17345e5a | 12625 | (to)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(already)h(accum)m(ulating,)h(or)e(start)h(a)f |
495aee44 CR |
12626 | (new)f(argumen)m(t.)630 3395 y Fi(M--)j Ft(starts)i(a)g(negativ)m(e)i |
12627 | (argumen)m(t.)150 3550 y Fs(universal-argument)25 b(\(\))630 | |
12628 | 3660 y Ft(This)g(is)g(another)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(an)g | |
17345e5a | 12629 | (argumen)m(t.)40 b(If)25 b(this)g(command)h(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m |
495aee44 | 12630 | (y)f(one)630 3770 y(or)k(more)f(digits,)i(optionally)g(with)e(a)h |
17345e5a | 12631 | (leading)h(min)m(us)e(sign,)h(those)g(digits)g(de\014ne)f(the)h(ar-)630 |
495aee44 | 12632 | 3879 y(gumen)m(t.)41 b(If)28 b(the)i(command)f(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b) |
17345e5a | 12633 | m(y)f(digits,)i(executing)f Fs(universal-argument)630 |
495aee44 | 12634 | 3989 y Ft(again)j(ends)e(the)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,)i(but)e(is)h |
17345e5a | 12635 | (otherwise)g(ignored.)45 b(As)32 b(a)g(sp)s(ecial)h(case,)630 |
495aee44 | 12636 | 4098 y(if)g(this)g(command)f(is)h(immediately)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y) |
17345e5a | 12637 | d(a)h(c)m(haracter)i(that)e(is)g(neither)g(a)g(digit)630 |
495aee44 | 12638 | 4208 y(or)28 b(min)m(us)f(sign,)i(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(for)e |
17345e5a | 12639 | (the)i(next)f(command)f(is)h(m)m(ultiplied)h(b)m(y)e(four.)630 |
495aee44 | 12640 | 4317 y(The)37 b(argumen)m(t)h(coun)m(t)f(is)h(initially)h(one,)g(so)f |
17345e5a | 12641 | (executing)g(this)f(function)g(the)h(\014rst)e(time)630 |
495aee44 | 12642 | 4427 y(mak)m(es)d(the)e(argumen)m(t)i(coun)m(t)f(four,)f(a)i(second)e |
17345e5a | 12643 | (time)i(mak)m(es)f(the)g(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(six-)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12644 | 4537 y(teen,)e(and)f(so)h(on.)40 b(By)31 b(default,)g(this)f(is)g(not)h |
12645 | (b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150 4732 y Fj(8.4.6)63 | |
17345e5a | 12646 | b(Letting)40 b(Readline)h(T)m(yp)s(e)g(F)-10 b(or)42 |
495aee44 CR |
12647 | b(Y)-10 b(ou)150 4902 y Fs(complete)28 b(\(TAB\))630 |
12648 | 5011 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)c(to)f(p)s(erform)e(completion)j(on)f(the)g(text)g | |
0001803f | 12649 | (b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)39 b(The)22 b(actual)i(completion)630 |
495aee44 | 12650 | 5121 y(p)s(erformed)33 b(is)h(application-sp)s(eci\014c.)53 |
0001803f | 12651 | b(Bash)35 b(attempts)g(completion)g(treating)h(the)e(text)630 |
495aee44 | 12652 | 5230 y(as)39 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(\(if)h(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e |
0001803f | 12653 | (with)h(`)p Fs($)p Ft('\),)j(username)c(\(if)i(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e |
495aee44 | 12654 | (with)630 5340 y(`)p Fs(~)p Ft('\),)31 b(hostname)f(\(if)g(the)g(text)h |
0001803f | 12655 | (b)s(egins)e(with)h(`)p Fs(@)p Ft('\),)h(or)f(command)f(\(including)h |
495aee44 CR |
12656 | (aliases)i(and)p eop end |
12657 | %%Page: 113 119 | |
12658 | TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12659 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(113)630 299 y(functions\))35 | |
12660 | b(in)f(turn.)53 b(If)34 b(none)g(of)h(these)h(pro)s(duces)d(a)i(matc)m | |
12661 | (h,)i(\014lename)e(completion)h(is)630 408 y(attempted.)150 | |
12662 | 573 y Fs(possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 682 y | |
12663 | Ft(List)35 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(of)e(the)h(text)h(b)s | |
12664 | (efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)54 b(When)34 b(displa)m(ying)h(com-)630 | |
12665 | 792 y(pletions,)f(Readline)f(sets)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i | |
12666 | (columns)f(used)f(for)i(displa)m(y)f(to)h(the)g(v)-5 | |
12667 | b(alue)33 b(of)630 902 y Fs(completion-display-width)o | |
12668 | Ft(,)g(the)j(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(v)-5 | |
12669 | b(ariable)38 b Fs(COLUMNS)p Ft(,)630 1011 y(or)30 b(the)h(screen)f | |
12670 | (width,)g(in)g(that)h(order.)150 1176 y Fs(insert-completions)25 | |
12671 | b(\(M-*\))630 1285 y Ft(Insert)30 b(all)h(completions)h(of)f(the)g | |
12672 | (text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(that)g(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s | |
12673 | (een)e(generated)630 1395 y(b)m(y)g Fs(possible-completions)p | |
12674 | Ft(.)150 1559 y Fs(menu-complete)d(\(\))630 1669 y Ft(Similar)d(to)g | |
12675 | Fs(complete)p Ft(,)f(but)h(replaces)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(to)g(b)s(e)f | |
12676 | (completed)i(with)e(a)i(single)f(matc)m(h)630 1778 y(from)37 | |
12677 | b(the)h(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)64 b(Rep)s(eated)39 | |
12678 | b(execution)g(of)f Fs(menu-complete)630 1888 y Ft(steps)i(through)g | |
12679 | (the)g(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions,)k(inserting)c(eac)m(h)i | |
12680 | (matc)m(h)f(in)f(turn.)630 1998 y(A)m(t)e(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)g(list)g | |
12681 | (of)g(completions,)i(the)e(b)s(ell)g(is)g(rung)f(\(sub)5 | |
12682 | b(ject)36 b(to)i(the)f(setting)630 2107 y(of)f Fs(bell-style)p | |
12683 | Ft(\))e(and)h(the)h(original)i(text)f(is)f(restored.)57 | |
12684 | b(An)36 b(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Fq(n)f Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)i | |
12685 | Fq(n)630 2217 y Ft(p)s(ositions)e(forw)m(ard)f(in)g(the)h(list)h(of)e | |
17345e5a | 12686 | (matc)m(hes;)39 b(a)c(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f |
495aee44 | 12687 | (used)g(to)630 2326 y(mo)m(v)m(e)40 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)e(through)g(the)g |
17345e5a | 12688 | (list.)65 b(This)38 b(command)g(is)g(in)m(tended)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(b)s |
495aee44 CR |
12689 | (ound)e(to)630 2436 y Fs(TAB)p Ft(,)30 b(but)f(is)i(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m |
12690 | (y)i(default.)150 2600 y Fs(menu-complete-backward)24 | |
12691 | b(\(\))630 2710 y Ft(Iden)m(tical)36 b(to)g Fs(menu-complete)p | |
0001803f | 12692 | Ft(,)d(but)h(mo)m(v)m(es)j(bac)m(kw)m(ard)e(through)f(the)i(list)f(of)g |
495aee44 | 12693 | (p)s(ossible)630 2819 y(completions,)d(as)e(if)h Fs(menu-complete)26 |
0001803f | 12694 | b Ft(had)k(b)s(een)g(giv)m(en)h(a)g(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t.)150 |
495aee44 | 12695 | 2984 y Fs(delete-char-or-list)25 b(\(\))630 3093 y Ft(Deletes)k(the)e |
17345e5a | 12696 | (c)m(haracter)h(under)e(the)h(cursor)f(if)h(not)g(at)g(the)g(b)s |
495aee44 | 12697 | (eginning)g(or)f(end)h(of)g(the)g(line)630 3203 y(\(lik)m(e)k |
17345e5a JA |
12698 | Fs(delete-char)p Ft(\).)37 b(If)29 b(at)h(the)f(end)f(of)i(the)f(line,) |
12699 | h(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(iden)m(tically)h(to)e Fs(possible-)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
12700 | 3313 y(completions)p Ft(.)38 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)d |
12701 | (b)m(y)i(default.)150 3477 y Fs(complete-filename)c(\(M-/\))630 | |
12702 | 3587 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(\014lename)e(completion)i(on)e(the)h(text)g | |
12703 | (b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)150 3751 y Fs(possible-filename-comple)o | |
12704 | (tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30 b(/\))630 3861 y Ft(List)f(the)g(p)s(ossible)f | |
17345e5a | 12705 | (completions)h(of)g(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)h |
495aee44 CR |
12706 | (it)f(as)g(a)f(\014lename.)150 4025 y Fs(complete-username)e(\(M-~\)) |
12707 | 630 4134 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i(b)s(efore) | |
17345e5a | 12708 | e(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(username.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
12709 | 4299 y Fs(possible-username-comple)o(tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30 |
12710 | b(~\))630 4408 y Ft(List)25 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(of)f | |
17345e5a | 12711 | (the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g(it)g(as)f(a)g |
495aee44 CR |
12712 | (username.)150 4573 y Fs(complete-variable)h(\(M-$\))630 |
12713 | 4682 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i(b)s(efore)e(p) | |
17345e5a | 12714 | s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
12715 | 4847 y Fs(possible-variable-comple)o(tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30 |
12716 | b($\))630 4956 y Ft(List)42 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(of)f | |
17345e5a | 12717 | (the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t,)46 b(treating)d(it)f(as)g(a)h |
495aee44 CR |
12718 | (shell)630 5066 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 5230 y Fs(complete-hostname)26 |
12719 | b(\(M-@\))630 5340 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i | |
12720 | (b)s(efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(hostname.)p | |
17345e5a | 12721 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
12722 | %%Page: 114 120 |
12723 | TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Ft(114)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12724 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(possible-hostname-comple)o(tion)o | |
12725 | (s)24 b(\(C-x)30 b(@\))630 408 y Ft(List)25 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)f | |
12726 | (completions)h(of)g(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g | |
12727 | (it)f(as)f(a)h(hostname.)150 578 y Fs(complete-command)h(\(M-!\))630 | |
12728 | 688 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)g(on)f(the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)e(p)s | |
12729 | (oin)m(t,)h(treating)h(it)g(as)f(a)g(command)g(name.)630 | |
12730 | 797 y(Command)46 b(completion)i(attempts)g(to)f(matc)m(h)h(the)f(text)h | |
12731 | (against)g(aliases,)53 b(reserv)m(ed)630 907 y(w)m(ords,)36 | |
12732 | b(shell)g(functions,)h(shell)e(builtins,)i(and)e(\014nally)g | |
12733 | (executable)i(\014lenames,)g(in)e(that)630 1017 y(order.)150 | |
12734 | 1186 y Fs(possible-command-complet)o(ions)24 b(\(C-x)29 | |
12735 | b(!\))630 1296 y Ft(List)d(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(completions)h(of)f(the)h | |
12736 | (text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g(it)g(as)g(a)f(command)630 | |
12737 | 1406 y(name.)150 1575 y Fs(dynamic-complete-history)e(\(M-TAB\))630 | |
12738 | 1685 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)31 b(completion)h(on)e(the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)f(p) | |
12739 | s(oin)m(t,)g(comparing)h(the)f(text)h(against)h(lines)630 | |
12740 | 1795 y(from)e(the)g(history)h(list)g(for)f(p)s(ossible)g(completion)i | |
12741 | (matc)m(hes.)150 1964 y Fs(dabbrev-expand)26 b(\(\))630 | |
12742 | 2074 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)i(men)m(u)e(completion)i(on)f(the)g(text)g(b)s | |
17345e5a | 12743 | (efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(comparing)f(the)g(text)h(against)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12744 | 2183 y(lines)j(from)e(the)i(history)f(list)h(for)g(p)s(ossible)e |
12745 | (completion)j(matc)m(hes.)150 2353 y Fs(complete-into-braces)25 | |
12746 | b(\(M-{\))630 2463 y Ft(P)m(erform)f(\014lename)f(completion)i(and)f | |
17345e5a | 12747 | (insert)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(enclosed)630 |
495aee44 | 12748 | 2572 y(within)34 b(braces)h(so)f(the)h(list)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 12749 | b(ailable)37 b(to)e(the)g(shell)g(\(see)g(Section)h(3.5.1)g([Brace)g |
495aee44 CR |
12750 | (Ex-)630 2682 y(pansion],)30 b(page)h(19\).)150 2892 |
12751 | y Fj(8.4.7)63 b(Keyb)s(oard)41 b(Macros)150 3069 y Fs(start-kbd-macro) | |
12752 | 26 b(\(C-x)j(\(\))630 3178 y Ft(Begin)i(sa)m(ving)h(the)e(c)m | |
17345e5a | 12753 | (haracters)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(in)m(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(k)m(eyb)s(oard) |
495aee44 CR |
12754 | g(macro.)150 3348 y Fs(end-kbd-macro)d(\(C-x)i(\)\))630 |
12755 | 3458 y Ft(Stop)e(sa)m(ving)h(the)g(c)m(haracters)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(in)m | |
17345e5a | 12756 | (to)i(the)e(curren)m(t)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)g(macro)h(and)f(sa)m(v)m(e)i |
495aee44 CR |
12757 | (the)630 3567 y(de\014nition.)150 3737 y Fs(call-last-kbd-macro)c |
12758 | (\(C-x)k(e\))630 3847 y Ft(Re-execute)37 b(the)e(last)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard) | |
17345e5a | 12759 | f(macro)h(de\014ned,)f(b)m(y)h(making)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the) |
495aee44 CR |
12760 | 630 3956 y(macro)c(app)s(ear)f(as)g(if)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(at)h(the)f(k)m |
12761 | (eyb)s(oard.)150 4166 y Fj(8.4.8)63 b(Some)41 b(Miscellaneous)i | |
12762 | (Commands)150 4343 y Fs(re-read-init-file)26 b(\(C-x)j(C-r\))630 | |
12763 | 4452 y Ft(Read)22 b(in)g(the)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(of)f(the)g | |
17345e5a | 12764 | Fq(inputrc)27 b Ft(\014le,)d(and)d(incorp)s(orate)h(an)m(y)h(bindings)d |
495aee44 CR |
12765 | (or)i(v)-5 b(ariable)630 4562 y(assignmen)m(ts)31 b(found)e(there.)150 |
12766 | 4732 y Fs(abort)g(\(C-g\))630 4841 y Ft(Ab)s(ort)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f | |
17345e5a | 12767 | (editing)h(command)f(and)g(ring)h(the)f(terminal's)h(b)s(ell)g(\(sub)5 |
495aee44 CR |
12768 | b(ject)26 b(to)i(the)630 4951 y(setting)j(of)g Fs(bell-style)p |
12769 | Ft(\).)150 5121 y Fs(do-uppercase-version)25 b(\(M-a,)k(M-b,)g(M-)p | |
12770 | Fi(x)11 b Fs(,)29 b(...)o(\))630 5230 y Ft(If)e(the)h(meta\014ed)g(c)m | |
17345e5a | 12771 | (haracter)h Fq(x)34 b Ft(is)28 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase,)i(run)d(the)g |
495aee44 CR |
12772 | (command)h(that)g(is)g(b)s(ound)d(to)k(the)630 5340 y(corresp)s(onding) |
12773 | g(upp)s(ercase)h(c)m(haracter.)p eop end | |
12774 | %%Page: 115 121 | |
12775 | TeXDict begin 115 120 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12776 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(115)150 299 y Fs(prefix-meta)27 | |
12777 | b(\(ESC\))630 408 y Ft(Metafy)39 b(the)e(next)h(c)m(haracter)h(t)m(yp)s | |
12778 | (ed.)62 b(This)37 b(is)g(for)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards)f(without)g(a)h(meta)g | |
12779 | (k)m(ey)-8 b(.)630 518 y(T)m(yping)30 b(`)p Fs(ESC)g(f)p | |
12780 | Ft(')g(is)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)31 b(to)g(t)m(yping)g | |
12781 | Fi(M-f)p Ft(.)150 671 y Fs(undo)e(\(C-_)g(or)h(C-x)g(C-u\))630 | |
12782 | 781 y Ft(Incremen)m(tal)h(undo,)f(separately)h(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(for)g | |
12783 | (eac)m(h)i(line.)150 934 y Fs(revert-line)27 b(\(M-r\))630 | |
12784 | 1044 y Ft(Undo)33 b(all)h(c)m(hanges)g(made)f(to)h(this)f(line.)49 | |
12785 | b(This)32 b(is)h(lik)m(e)i(executing)f(the)f Fs(undo)f | |
12786 | Ft(command)630 1154 y(enough)e(times)h(to)g(get)h(bac)m(k)f(to)g(the)f | |
12787 | (b)s(eginning.)150 1307 y Fs(tilde-expand)d(\(M-&\))630 | |
12788 | 1417 y Ft(P)m(erform)j(tilde)h(expansion)g(on)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h(w)m | |
12789 | (ord.)150 1570 y Fs(set-mark)d(\(C-@\))630 1680 y Ft(Set)33 | |
12790 | b(the)g(mark)f(to)i(the)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)48 b(If)32 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g | |
12791 | (argumen)m(t)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(mark)g(is)f(set)630 | |
12792 | 1789 y(to)f(that)g(p)s(osition.)150 1943 y Fs(exchange-point-and-mark) | |
12793 | 24 b(\(C-x)29 b(C-x\))630 2052 y Ft(Sw)m(ap)i(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(with) | |
12794 | g(the)g(mark.)43 b(The)31 b(curren)m(t)g(cursor)f(p)s(osition)i(is)f | |
12795 | (set)h(to)f(the)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)630 2162 y(p)s(osition,)f(and)e(the)i | |
12796 | (old)g(cursor)e(p)s(osition)i(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(as)e(the)h(mark.)150 | |
12797 | 2315 y Fs(character-search)26 b(\(C-]\))630 2425 y Ft(A)f(c)m(haracter) | |
12798 | h(is)f(read)g(and)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g(mo)m(v)m(ed)h(to)g(the)f(next)g | |
12799 | (o)s(ccurrence)g(of)g(that)g(c)m(haracter.)630 2534 y(A)30 | |
17345e5a | 12800 | b(negativ)m(e)j(coun)m(t)e(searc)m(hes)g(for)f(previous)g(o)s |
495aee44 CR |
12801 | (ccurrences.)150 2688 y Fs(character-search-backwar)o(d)24 |
12802 | b(\(M-C-]\))630 2798 y Ft(A)45 b(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(read)g(and)f(p)s | |
17345e5a | 12803 | (oin)m(t)h(is)g(mo)m(v)m(ed)h(to)f(the)g(previous)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of) |
495aee44 | 12804 | g(that)630 2907 y(c)m(haracter.)d(A)31 b(negativ)m(e)h(coun)m(t)f |
17345e5a | 12805 | (searc)m(hes)h(for)e(subsequen)m(t)f(o)s(ccurrences.)150 |
495aee44 | 12806 | 3061 y Fs(skip-csi-sequence)d(\(\))630 3170 y Ft(Read)i(enough)f(c)m |
0001803f | 12807 | (haracters)h(to)g(consume)f(a)h(m)m(ulti-k)m(ey)h(sequence)f(suc)m(h)f |
495aee44 | 12808 | (as)g(those)h(de\014ned)630 3280 y(for)37 b(k)m(eys)h(lik)m(e)g(Home)g |
0001803f | 12809 | (and)f(End.)60 b(Suc)m(h)37 b(sequences)g(b)s(egin)g(with)g(a)h(Con)m |
495aee44 | 12810 | (trol)g(Sequence)630 3389 y(Indicator)f(\(CSI\),)f(usually)h(ESC-[.)59 |
0001803f | 12811 | b(If)36 b(this)g(sequence)h(is)g(b)s(ound)d(to)k Fs("\\)p |
495aee44 | 12812 | Ft(e[)p Fs(")p Ft(,)g(k)m(eys)f(pro-)630 3499 y(ducing)31 |
0001803f | 12813 | b(suc)m(h)h(sequences)g(will)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(no)f(e\013ect)h(unless)e |
495aee44 | 12814 | (explicitly)j(b)s(ound)c(to)i(a)h(readline)630 3608 y(command,)f |
0001803f | 12815 | (instead)g(of)g(inserting)g(stra)m(y)h(c)m(haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 12816 | (editing)h(bu\013er.)44 b(This)31 b(is)630 3718 y(un)m(b)s(ound)d(b)m |
0001803f | 12817 | (y)i(default,)h(but)f(usually)g(b)s(ound)e(to)j(ESC-[.)150 |
495aee44 | 12818 | 3871 y Fs(insert-comment)26 b(\(M-#\))630 3981 y Ft(Without)36 |
17345e5a JA |
12819 | b(a)g(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)36 |
12820 | b(of)g(the)g Fs(comment-begin)c Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)36 | |
495aee44 | 12821 | b(is)g(in-)630 4091 y(serted)c(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)f |
17345e5a | 12822 | (curren)m(t)h(line.)45 b(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)g |
495aee44 | 12823 | (supplied,)630 4200 y(this)k(command)h(acts)g(as)g(a)g(toggle:)55 |
17345e5a | 12824 | b(if)37 b(the)f(c)m(haracters)i(at)g(the)e(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(the)g |
495aee44 | 12825 | (line)630 4310 y(do)30 b(not)h(matc)m(h)h(the)f(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 12826 | b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs(comment-begin)p Ft(,)e(the)i(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 12827 | b(alue)31 b(is)g(inserted,)g(otherwise)g(the)630 4419 |
17345e5a | 12828 | y(c)m(haracters)42 b(in)d Fs(comment-begin)e Ft(are)j(deleted)h(from)f |
495aee44 | 12829 | (the)g(b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)g(line.)71 b(In)630 4529 |
17345e5a JA |
12830 | y(either)37 b(case,)j(the)e(line)f(is)g(accepted)i(as)e(if)g(a)g |
12831 | (newline)g(had)g(b)s(een)f(t)m(yp)s(ed.)60 b(The)37 b(default)630 | |
495aee44 | 12832 | 4639 y(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g Fs(comment-begin)c Ft(causes)k(this)f |
17345e5a | 12833 | (command)h(to)g(mak)m(e)h(the)e(curren)m(t)h(line)g(a)g(shell)630 |
495aee44 | 12834 | 4748 y(commen)m(t.)40 b(If)26 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(causes)g |
17345e5a | 12835 | (the)f(commen)m(t)i(c)m(haracter)g(to)f(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed,)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12836 | 4858 y(the)31 b(line)f(will)h(b)s(e)f(executed)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(shell.) |
12837 | 150 5011 y Fs(dump-functions)26 b(\(\))630 5121 y Ft(Prin)m(t)g(all)i | |
17345e5a | 12838 | (of)e(the)h(functions)f(and)g(their)g(k)m(ey)h(bindings)e(to)j(the)e |
495aee44 | 12839 | (Readline)h(output)f(stream.)630 5230 y(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g |
17345e5a | 12840 | (argumen)m(t)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(output)f(is)h(formatted)g(in)f |
495aee44 | 12841 | (suc)m(h)h(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)630 5340 y(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)e(made)i |
17345e5a | 12842 | (part)f(of)g(an)h Fq(inputrc)k Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29 |
495aee44 CR |
12843 | b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)c(b)m(y)k(default.)p eop |
12844 | end | |
12845 | %%Page: 116 122 | |
12846 | TeXDict begin 116 121 bop 150 -116 a Ft(116)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12847 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(dump-variables)26 | |
12848 | b(\(\))630 408 y Ft(Prin)m(t)21 b(all)h(of)g(the)f(settable)i(v)-5 | |
12849 | b(ariables)22 b(and)f(their)g(v)-5 b(alues)22 b(to)g(the)f(Readline)h | |
12850 | (output)f(stream.)630 518 y(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)g | |
12851 | (supplied,)f(the)h(output)f(is)h(formatted)g(in)f(suc)m(h)h(a)g(w)m(a)m | |
12852 | (y)g(that)630 628 y(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)e(made)i(part)f(of)g(an)h | |
12853 | Fq(inputrc)k Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)c | |
12854 | (b)m(y)k(default.)150 792 y Fs(dump-macros)c(\(\))630 | |
12855 | 902 y Ft(Prin)m(t)34 b(all)g(of)g(the)g(Readline)g(k)m(ey)h(sequences)f | |
12856 | (b)s(ound)e(to)i(macros)g(and)f(the)h(strings)g(they)630 | |
12857 | 1011 y(output.)53 b(If)35 b(a)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e | |
17345e5a | 12858 | (supplied,)h(the)g(output)g(is)f(formatted)i(in)e(suc)m(h)h(a)630 |
495aee44 | 12859 | 1121 y(w)m(a)m(y)c(that)g(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(made)g(part)f(of)i(an)e |
17345e5a | 12860 | Fq(inputrc)35 b Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound) |
495aee44 CR |
12861 | d(b)m(y)630 1230 y(default.)150 1395 y Fs(glob-complete-word)e(\(M-g\)) |
12862 | 630 1504 y Ft(The)i(w)m(ord)h(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g(treated)h | |
12863 | (as)f(a)h(pattern)f(for)f(pathname)h(expansion,)g(with)g(an)630 | |
12864 | 1614 y(asterisk)d(implicitly)h(app)s(ended.)37 b(This)23 | |
17345e5a | 12865 | b(pattern)i(is)f(used)g(to)h(generate)h(a)e(list)h(of)g(matc)m(hing)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12866 | 1724 y(\014le)30 b(names)h(for)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions.)150 |
12867 | 1888 y Fs(glob-expand-word)c(\(C-x)j(*\))630 1998 y Ft(The)40 | |
17345e5a | 12868 | b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g(treated)g(as)g(a)g(pattern)g |
495aee44 | 12869 | (for)f(pathname)g(expansion,)k(and)630 2107 y(the)c(list)g(of)f(matc)m |
17345e5a | 12870 | (hing)i(\014le)e(names)g(is)h(inserted,)h(replacing)g(the)e(w)m(ord.)67 |
495aee44 | 12871 | b(If)39 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)630 2217 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(is)f(supplied,)g |
17345e5a | 12872 | (a)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(is)f(app)s(ended)f(b)s(efore)h(pathname)g |
495aee44 CR |
12873 | (expansion.)150 2381 y Fs(glob-list-expansions)25 b(\(C-x)k(g\))630 |
12874 | 2491 y Ft(The)k(list)h(of)f(expansions)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h | |
17345e5a | 12875 | (b)s(een)f(generated)h(b)m(y)f Fs(glob-expand-word)630 |
495aee44 | 12876 | 2600 y Ft(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed,)h(and)e(the)h(line)g(is)f(redra)m(wn.) |
17345e5a | 12877 | 50 b(If)33 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(supplied,)h(a)g(`)p |
495aee44 CR |
12878 | Fs(*)p Ft(')630 2710 y(is)c(app)s(ended)f(b)s(efore)h(pathname)g |
12879 | (expansion.)150 2874 y Fs(display-shell-version)25 b(\(C-x)k(C-v\))630 | |
12880 | 2984 y Ft(Displa)m(y)j(v)m(ersion)e(information)h(ab)s(out)f(the)h | |
12881 | (curren)m(t)f(instance)h(of)f(Bash.)150 3148 y Fs(shell-expand-line)c | |
12882 | (\(M-C-e\))630 3258 y Ft(Expand)34 b(the)h(line)h(as)g(the)f(shell)h | |
17345e5a | 12883 | (do)s(es.)55 b(This)34 b(p)s(erforms)g(alias)i(and)f(history)g |
495aee44 | 12884 | (expansion)630 3367 y(as)f(w)m(ell)g(as)g(all)h(of)e(the)h(shell)g(w)m |
17345e5a | 12885 | (ord)f(expansions)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5)h([Shell)e(Expansions],)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12886 | 3477 y(page)e(19\).)150 3641 y Fs(history-expand-line)25 |
12887 | b(\(M-^\))630 3751 y Ft(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(expansion)f(on)g(the) | |
12888 | h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 3915 y Fs(magic-space)d(\(\))630 | |
12889 | 4025 y Ft(P)m(erform)c(history)g(expansion)g(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g | |
17345e5a | 12890 | (line)g(and)g(insert)g(a)g(space)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.3)630 |
495aee44 CR |
12891 | 4134 y([History)31 b(In)m(teraction],)i(page)e(127\).)150 |
12892 | 4299 y Fs(alias-expand-line)26 b(\(\))630 4408 y Ft(P)m(erform)i(alias) | |
17345e5a | 12893 | i(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(\(see)g(Section)g(6.6)h |
495aee44 CR |
12894 | ([Aliases],)g(page)f(81\).)150 4573 y Fs(history-and-alias-expand)o |
12895 | (-lin)o(e)24 b(\(\))630 4682 y Ft(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(and)e | |
17345e5a | 12896 | (alias)j(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
12897 | 4847 y Fs(insert-last-argument)25 b(\(M-.)k(or)h(M-_\))630 |
12898 | 4956 y Ft(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(yank-last-arg)p Ft(.)150 | |
12899 | 5121 y Fs(operate-and-get-next)25 b(\(C-o\))630 5230 | |
17345e5a JA |
12900 | y Ft(Accept)42 b(the)e(curren)m(t)h(line)f(for)h(execution)g(and)f |
12901 | (fetc)m(h)i(the)e(next)h(line)g(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
12902 | 5340 y(curren)m(t)30 b(line)h(from)f(the)g(history)h(for)f(editing.)41 |
12903 | b(An)m(y)31 b(argumen)m(t)f(is)h(ignored.)p eop end | |
12904 | %%Page: 117 123 | |
12905 | TeXDict begin 117 122 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
12906 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(117)150 299 y Fs | |
12907 | (edit-and-execute-command)24 b(\(C-xC-e\))630 408 y Ft(In)m(v)m(ok)m(e) | |
12908 | 34 b(an)f(editor)g(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(command)h(line,)h(and)e | |
12909 | (execute)i(the)f(result)g(as)g(shell)630 518 y(commands.)81 | |
12910 | b(Bash)44 b(attempts)h(to)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h Fs($VISUAL)p | |
12911 | Ft(,)f Fs($EDITOR)p Ft(,)h(and)d Fs(emacs)g Ft(as)h(the)630 | |
12912 | 628 y(editor,)31 b(in)f(that)h(order.)150 864 y Fr(8.5)68 | |
12913 | b(Readline)47 b(vi)e(Mo)t(de)150 1024 y Ft(While)32 b(the)g(Readline)g | |
12914 | (library)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(full)f(set)h(of)g | |
12915 | Fs(vi)f Ft(editing)h(functions,)f(it)h(do)s(es)g(con)m(tain)150 | |
12916 | 1133 y(enough)i(to)h(allo)m(w)g(simple)f(editing)h(of)f(the)g(line.)52 | |
12917 | b(The)34 b(Readline)g Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)s(de)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)i(as)f(sp)s | |
12918 | (eci\014ed)f(in)150 1243 y(the)e Fl(posix)e Ft(standard.)275 | |
12919 | 1380 y(In)35 b(order)g(to)i(switc)m(h)f(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)j(b)s(et)m | |
12920 | (w)m(een)d Fs(emacs)f Ft(and)g Fs(vi)g Ft(editing)h(mo)s(des,)h(use)f | |
12921 | (the)g(`)p Fs(set)30 b(-o)150 1490 y(emacs)p Ft(')43 | |
12922 | b(and)h(`)p Fs(set)30 b(-o)f(vi)p Ft(')44 b(commands)g(\(see)i(Section) | |
12923 | f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)j(page)e(54\).)83 b(The)150 | |
12924 | 1599 y(Readline)31 b(default)g(is)f Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de.)275 | |
12925 | 1737 y(When)g(y)m(ou)i(en)m(ter)f(a)h(line)f(in)g Fs(vi)f | |
17345e5a | 12926 | Ft(mo)s(de,)h(y)m(ou)h(are)f(already)h(placed)f(in)g(`insertion')g(mo)s |
495aee44 | 12927 | (de,)g(as)h(if)f(y)m(ou)150 1846 y(had)f(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(an)g(`)p |
0001803f CR |
12928 | Fs(i)p Ft('.)41 b(Pressing)29 b Fs(ESC)f Ft(switc)m(hes)i(y)m(ou)g(in)m |
12929 | (to)h(`command')e(mo)s(de,)h(where)e(y)m(ou)i(can)g(edit)g(the)150 | |
495aee44 | 12930 | 1956 y(text)35 b(of)f(the)g(line)g(with)f(the)h(standard)f |
0001803f | 12931 | Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)j(k)m(eys,)g(mo)m(v)m(e)f(to)f(previous)g |
495aee44 | 12932 | (history)f(lines)h(with)150 2066 y(`)p Fs(k)p Ft(')d(and)e(subsequen)m |
0001803f | 12933 | (t)h(lines)h(with)f(`)p Fs(j)p Ft(',)g(and)g(so)h(forth.)150 |
495aee44 | 12934 | 2302 y Fr(8.6)68 b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)150 2462 |
0001803f CR |
12935 | y Ft(When)25 b(w)m(ord)g(completion)i(is)f(attempted)g(for)g(an)f |
12936 | (argumen)m(t)h(to)g(a)g(command)f(for)h(whic)m(h)f(a)h(completion)150 | |
495aee44 | 12937 | 2571 y(sp)s(eci\014cation)40 b(\(a)h Fq(compsp)s(ec)6 |
0001803f CR |
12938 | b Ft(\))39 b(has)h(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)f(using)h(the)h |
12939 | Fs(complete)d Ft(builtin)j(\(see)g(Section)h(8.7)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
12940 | 2681 y([Programmable)h(Completion)f(Builtins],)k(page)d(119\),)j(the)c |
12941 | (programmable)g(completion)i(facilities)150 2790 y(are)31 | |
12942 | b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)275 2928 y(First,)23 b(the)e(command)g(name)g(is)h | |
17345e5a | 12943 | (iden)m(ti\014ed.)37 b(If)21 b(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f |
495aee44 | 12944 | (de\014ned)g(for)h(that)h(command,)150 3037 y(the)44 |
17345e5a JA |
12945 | b(compsp)s(ec)g(is)g(used)f(to)h(generate)i(the)e(list)g(of)g(p)s |
12946 | (ossible)g(completions)h(for)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)81 b(If)44 | |
495aee44 | 12947 | b(the)150 3147 y(command)36 b(w)m(ord)g(is)g(the)g(empt)m(y)h(string)f |
0001803f | 12948 | (\(completion)i(attempted)f(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(an)h(empt)m |
495aee44 | 12949 | (y)150 3256 y(line\),)28 b(an)m(y)e(compsp)s(ec)f(de\014ned)g(with)g |
0001803f CR |
12950 | (the)h(`)p Fs(-E)p Ft(')f(option)i(to)f Fs(complete)e |
12951 | Ft(is)h(used.)39 b(If)25 b(the)h(command)f(w)m(ord)150 | |
495aee44 | 12952 | 3366 y(is)i(a)h(full)e(pathname,)i(a)g(compsp)s(ec)e(for)h(the)g(full)g |
0001803f | 12953 | (pathname)g(is)g(searc)m(hed)h(for)f(\014rst.)39 b(If)26 |
495aee44 | 12954 | b(no)h(compsp)s(ec)g(is)150 3476 y(found)22 b(for)g(the)h(full)g |
0001803f | 12955 | (pathname,)h(an)f(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)g(\014nd)f(a)h(compsp)s(ec)f |
495aee44 | 12956 | (for)h(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(follo)m(wing)150 3585 y(the)34 |
0001803f CR |
12957 | b(\014nal)g(slash.)53 b(If)34 b(those)g(searc)m(hes)i(do)e(not)g |
12958 | (result)h(in)f(a)g(compsp)s(ec,)h(an)m(y)g(compsp)s(ec)f(de\014ned)f | |
495aee44 | 12959 | (with)150 3695 y(the)e(`)p Fs(-D)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g |
0001803f | 12960 | Fs(complete)d Ft(is)i(used)g(as)g(the)h(default.)275 |
495aee44 | 12961 | 3832 y(Once)j(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f(found,)h(it)h(is)f |
0001803f | 12962 | (used)f(to)i(generate)h(the)e(list)h(of)f(matc)m(hing)h(w)m(ords.)51 |
495aee44 | 12963 | b(If)150 3942 y(a)37 b(compsp)s(ec)f(is)g(not)h(found,)f(the)h(default) |
0001803f | 12964 | f(Bash)h(completion)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g |
495aee44 CR |
12965 | (8.4.6)150 4051 y([Commands)30 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Completion],)g(page)g |
12966 | (112\))h(is)f(p)s(erformed.)275 4189 y(First,)g(the)g(actions)g(sp)s | |
0001803f CR |
12967 | (eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(compsp)s(ec)h(are)g(used.)40 |
12968 | b(Only)30 b(matc)m(hes)i(whic)m(h)e(are)h(pre\014xed)150 | |
495aee44 | 12969 | 4298 y(b)m(y)25 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)f(completed)j(are)e |
0001803f | 12970 | (returned.)38 b(When)25 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p |
17345e5a | 12971 | Fs(-d)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(used)g(for)g(\014lename)150 |
495aee44 | 12972 | 4408 y(or)30 b(directory)h(name)f(completion,)i(the)e(shell)h(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 12973 | b(ariable)31 b Fs(FIGNORE)d Ft(is)i(used)f(to)i(\014lter)g(the)f(matc)m |
495aee44 CR |
12974 | (hes.)42 b(See)150 4517 y(Section)31 b(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8 |
12975 | b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(63,)g(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f | |
12976 | Fs(FIGNORE)p Ft(.)275 4655 y(An)m(y)f(completions)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b) | |
17345e5a | 12977 | m(y)g(a)h(\014lename)f(expansion)h(pattern)f(to)h(the)g(`)p |
495aee44 | 12978 | Fs(-G)p Ft(')f(option)h(are)f(gener-)150 4764 y(ated)h(next.)40 |
17345e5a JA |
12979 | b(The)29 b(w)m(ords)g(generated)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(pattern)f(need)g(not)g |
12980 | (matc)m(h)i(the)e(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)g(completed.)150 | |
495aee44 | 12981 | 4874 y(The)42 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)d Ft(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable)43 |
17345e5a | 12982 | b(is)f(not)h(used)e(to)i(\014lter)f(the)h(matc)m(hes,)j(but)c(the)g |
495aee44 CR |
12983 | Fs(FIGNORE)f Ft(shell)150 4983 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(used.)275 |
12984 | 5121 y(Next,)k(the)g(string)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(as)g(the)g(argumen)m(t)g | |
17345e5a | 12985 | (to)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-W)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(considered.)52 |
495aee44 | 12986 | b(The)33 b(string)150 5230 y(is)g(\014rst)e(split)i(using)f(the)h(c)m |
17345e5a JA |
12987 | (haracters)h(in)e(the)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)j(v)-5 |
12988 | b(ariable)33 b(as)g(delimiters.)48 b(Shell)32 b(quoting)h(is)150 | |
495aee44 CR |
12989 | 5340 y(honored.)56 b(Eac)m(h)37 b(w)m(ord)e(is)h(then)f(expanded)g |
12990 | (using)h(brace)g(expansion,)h(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)p | |
12991 | eop end | |
12992 | %%Page: 118 124 | |
12993 | TeXDict begin 118 123 bop 150 -116 a Ft(118)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
12994 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y(and)44 b(v)-5 b(ariable)46 | |
12995 | b(expansion,)j(command)44 b(substitution,)49 b(and)44 | |
12996 | b(arithmetic)i(expansion,)j(as)c(describ)s(ed)150 408 | |
12997 | y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)38 b(\(see)f(Section)h(3.5)g([Shell)e(Expansions],)i | |
12998 | (page)f(19\).)61 b(The)36 b(results)h(are)g(split)f(using)h(the)f | |
12999 | (rules)150 518 y(describ)s(ed)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)f(Section)h | |
13000 | (3.5.7)h([W)-8 b(ord)30 b(Splitting],)h(page)f(25\).)42 | |
13001 | b(The)30 b(results)f(of)h(the)g(expansion)150 628 y(are)f | |
13002 | (pre\014x-matc)m(hed)h(against)g(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f(completed,) | |
13003 | j(and)d(the)i(matc)m(hing)g(w)m(ords)e(b)s(ecome)i(the)150 | |
13004 | 737 y(p)s(ossible)g(completions.)275 888 y(After)f(these)g(matc)m(hes)i | |
13005 | (ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)f(generated,)h(an)m(y)g(shell)f(function)g(or)g | |
13006 | (command)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)150 998 y(the)i(`)p | |
17345e5a JA |
13007 | Fs(-F)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-C)p Ft(')h(options)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m |
13008 | (ed.)41 b(When)30 b(the)g(command)g(or)f(function)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m | |
495aee44 | 13009 | (ed,)h(the)f Fs(COMP_)150 1107 y(LINE)p Ft(,)42 b Fs(COMP_POINT)p |
17345e5a JA |
13010 | Ft(,)d Fs(COMP_KEY)p Ft(,)i(and)e Fs(COMP_TYPE)f Ft(v)-5 |
13011 | b(ariables)41 b(are)f(assigned)g(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(as)f(describ)s(ed) | |
495aee44 CR |
13012 | 150 1217 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)k(\(see)g(Section)f(5.2)h([Bash)f(V)-8 |
13013 | b(ariables],)48 b(page)c(63\).)79 b(If)42 b(a)i(shell)f(function)f(is)h | |
13014 | (b)s(eing)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)150 1326 y(the)37 b Fs(COMP_WORDS)d | |
17345e5a | 13015 | Ft(and)i Fs(COMP_CWORD)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(are)f(also)h(set.)60 |
495aee44 CR |
13016 | b(When)37 b(the)g(function)f(or)h(command)150 1436 y(is)42 |
13017 | b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k(the)41 b(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)g(the)g(name) | |
13018 | f(of)h(the)g(command)f(whose)h(argumen)m(ts)f(are)h(b)s(eing)150 | |
13019 | 1545 y(completed,)d(the)d(second)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(the)g(w)m(ord)g | |
13020 | (b)s(eing)g(completed,)i(and)e(the)g(third)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)150 | |
13021 | 1655 y(the)28 b(w)m(ord)g(preceding)h(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)g | |
13022 | (completed)h(on)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(command)g(line.)40 | |
13023 | b(No)29 b(\014ltering)g(of)150 1765 y(the)i(generated)h(completions)h | |
13024 | (against)f(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)g(completed)h(is)f(p)s(erformed;)f | |
13025 | (the)h(function)g(or)150 1874 y(command)f(has)g(complete)i(freedom)e | |
13026 | (in)g(generating)i(the)f(matc)m(hes.)275 2025 y(An)m(y)g(function)h(sp) | |
13027 | s(eci\014ed)f(with)g(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h | |
13028 | (\014rst.)44 b(The)31 b(function)h(ma)m(y)g(use)g(an)m(y)g(of)g(the)g | |
13029 | (shell)150 2134 y(facilities,)50 b(including)44 b(the)h | |
13030 | Fs(compgen)d Ft(and)i Fs(compopt)e Ft(builtins)i(describ)s(ed)f(b)s | |
13031 | (elo)m(w)h(\(see)i(Section)f(8.7)150 2244 y([Programmable)31 | |
13032 | b(Completion)h(Builtins],)f(page)h(119\),)g(to)g(generate)g(the)f(matc) | |
13033 | m(hes.)42 b(It)31 b(m)m(ust)g(put)f(the)150 2354 y(p)s(ossible)g | |
13034 | (completions)h(in)f(the)h Fs(COMPREPLY)d Ft(arra)m(y)j(v)-5 | |
13035 | b(ariable.)275 2504 y(Next,)23 b(an)m(y)e(command)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g | |
13036 | (with)g(the)h(`)p Fs(-C)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(in)e | |
13037 | (an)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)150 2614 | |
13038 | y(to)26 b(command)e(substitution.)39 b(It)25 b(should)f(prin)m(t)h(a)g | |
13039 | (list)h(of)f(completions,)i(one)e(p)s(er)f(line,)j(to)f(the)f(standard) | |
13040 | 150 2724 y(output.)40 b(Bac)m(kslash)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h | |
13041 | (escap)s(e)g(a)f(newline,)h(if)f(necessary)-8 b(.)275 | |
13042 | 2874 y(After)42 b(all)g(of)g(the)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(are)f | |
13043 | (generated,)k(an)m(y)c(\014lter)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)h(the)g(`)p | |
13044 | Fs(-X)p Ft(')150 2984 y(option)34 b(is)f(applied)g(to)h(the)f(list.)49 | |
13045 | b(The)33 b(\014lter)g(is)g(a)h(pattern)f(as)g(used)g(for)g(pathname)g | |
13046 | (expansion;)h(a)g(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')150 3093 y(in)39 b(the)g(pattern)g | |
13047 | (is)g(replaced)g(with)g(the)g(text)h(of)f(the)g(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f | |
13048 | (completed.)68 b(A)39 b(literal)h(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)150 | |
13049 | 3203 y(b)s(e)e(escap)s(ed)h(with)g(a)h(bac)m(kslash;)k(the)38 | |
13050 | b(bac)m(kslash)h(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(b)s(efore)e(attempting)j(a)e | |
13051 | (matc)m(h.)65 b(An)m(y)150 3313 y(completion)35 b(that)g(matc)m(hes)g | |
13052 | (the)f(pattern)g(will)g(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)e(the)h(list.)53 | |
13053 | b(A)34 b(leading)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')h(negates)150 3422 | |
13054 | y(the)c(pattern;)f(in)g(this)h(case)g(an)m(y)g(completion)g(not)g(matc) | |
13055 | m(hing)h(the)e(pattern)h(will)f(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275 | |
13056 | 3573 y(Finally)-8 b(,)33 b(an)m(y)f(pre\014x)f(and)g(su\016x)g(sp)s | |
13057 | (eci\014ed)g(with)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p | |
13058 | Fs(-S)p Ft(')h(options)g(are)g(added)f(to)i(eac)m(h)150 | |
13059 | 3682 y(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)g(the)h(completion)h(list,)f(and)f(the)h | |
17345e5a | 13060 | (result)f(is)h(returned)e(to)i(the)g(Readline)g(completion)h(co)s(de) |
495aee44 CR |
13061 | 150 3792 y(as)e(the)f(list)h(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)275 |
13062 | 3943 y(If)22 b(the)i(previously-applied)f(actions)i(do)e(not)h | |
17345e5a | 13063 | (generate)h(an)m(y)f(matc)m(hes,)i(and)d(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)30 |
495aee44 | 13064 | b(dirnames)p Ft(')22 b(op-)150 4052 y(tion)29 b(w)m(as)f(supplied)f(to) |
17345e5a | 13065 | i Fs(complete)d Ft(when)h(the)h(compsp)s(ec)g(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g |
495aee44 CR |
13066 | (directory)g(name)h(completion)150 4162 y(is)h(attempted.)275 |
13067 | 4313 y(If)g(the)i(`)p Fs(-o)e(plusdirs)p Ft(')f(option)j(w)m(as)f | |
17345e5a | 13068 | (supplied)f(to)i Fs(complete)e Ft(when)g(the)h(compsp)s(ec)g(w)m(as)h |
495aee44 | 13069 | (de\014ned,)150 4422 y(directory)k(name)f(completion)i(is)e(attempted)h |
17345e5a | 13070 | (and)f(an)m(y)h(matc)m(hes)g(are)g(added)f(to)h(the)f(results)g(of)h |
495aee44 | 13071 | (the)150 4532 y(other)31 b(actions.)275 4682 y(By)g(default,)i(if)e(a)h |
17345e5a | 13072 | (compsp)s(ec)f(is)h(found,)f(whatev)m(er)h(it)g(generates)h(is)e |
495aee44 | 13073 | (returned)g(to)h(the)g(completion)150 4792 y(co)s(de)21 |
17345e5a JA |
13074 | b(as)g(the)g(full)g(set)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)39 |
13075 | b(The)20 b(default)h(Bash)g(completions)h(are)g(not)f(attempted,)150 | |
495aee44 | 13076 | 4902 y(and)k(the)h(Readline)g(default)g(of)g(\014lename)g(completion)h |
17345e5a | 13077 | (is)f(disabled.)38 b(If)26 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)k(bashdefault)p |
495aee44 | 13078 | Ft(')22 b(option)150 5011 y(w)m(as)i(supplied)e(to)j |
17345e5a | 13079 | Fs(complete)c Ft(when)i(the)g(compsp)s(ec)h(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 13080 | (default)h(Bash)g(completions)h(are)150 5121 y(attempted)f(if)f(the)g |
17345e5a JA |
13081 | (compsp)s(ec)g(generates)i(no)e(matc)m(hes.)39 b(If)23 |
13082 | b(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)30 b(default)p Ft(')21 b(option)j(w)m(as)f(supplied)f | |
495aee44 | 13083 | (to)150 5230 y Fs(complete)j Ft(when)h(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(w)m(as)i |
17345e5a | 13084 | (de\014ned,)e(Readline's)i(default)f(completion)h(will)f(b)s(e)f(p)s |
495aee44 CR |
13085 | (erformed)150 5340 y(if)k(the)h(compsp)s(ec)f(\(and,)g(if)h(attempted,) |
13086 | g(the)g(default)f(Bash)h(completions\))h(generate)g(no)e(matc)m(hes.)p | |
13087 | eop end | |
13088 | %%Page: 119 125 | |
13089 | TeXDict begin 119 124 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
13090 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(119)275 299 y(When)20 | |
13091 | b(a)i(compsp)s(ec)e(indicates)i(that)g(directory)g(name)f(completion)h | |
13092 | (is)f(desired,)i(the)e(programmable)150 408 y(completion)31 | |
13093 | b(functions)e(force)i(Readline)f(to)h(app)s(end)d(a)i(slash)g(to)g | |
13094 | (completed)h(names)e(whic)m(h)h(are)g(sym-)150 518 y(b)s(olic)40 | |
13095 | b(links)g(to)h(directories,)j(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(the)f(v)-5 | |
13096 | b(alue)41 b(of)f(the)g Fq(mark-directories)45 b Ft(Readline)c(v)-5 | |
13097 | b(ariable,)150 628 y(regardless)31 b(of)f(the)h(setting)g(of)g(the)f | |
13098 | Fq(mark-symlink)m(ed-directories)36 b Ft(Readline)31 | |
13099 | b(v)-5 b(ariable.)275 770 y(There)25 b(is)i(some)g(supp)s(ort)e(for)h | |
13100 | (dynamically)h(mo)s(difying)f(completions.)40 b(This)26 | |
13101 | b(is)g(most)h(useful)f(when)150 880 y(used)37 b(in)h(com)m(bination)h | |
13102 | (with)e(a)i(default)f(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(with)h(`)p | |
13103 | Fs(-D)p Ft('.)63 b(It's)38 b(p)s(ossible)f(for)h(shell)150 | |
13104 | 989 y(functions)28 b(executed)h(as)f(completion)i(handlers)d(to)i | |
13105 | (indicate)g(that)g(completion)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(retried)g(b)m(y)150 | |
13106 | 1099 y(returning)j(an)i(exit)g(status)f(of)h(124.)48 | |
13107 | b(If)31 b(a)i(shell)f(function)g(returns)f(124,)k(and)c(c)m(hanges)j | |
13108 | (the)e(compsp)s(ec)150 1209 y(asso)s(ciated)43 b(with)e(the)g(command)g | |
13109 | (on)g(whic)m(h)g(completion)i(is)e(b)s(eing)g(attempted)h(\(supplied)e | |
13110 | (as)i(the)150 1318 y(\014rst)29 b(argumen)m(t)h(when)e(the)i(function)f | |
13111 | (is)g(executed\),)j(programmable)d(completion)i(restarts)f(from)f(the) | |
13112 | 150 1428 y(b)s(eginning,)e(with)g(an)h(attempt)g(to)g(\014nd)e(a)i(new) | |
13113 | e(compsp)s(ec)i(for)f(that)h(command.)39 b(This)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(a)g | |
13114 | (set)g(of)150 1537 y(completions)33 b(to)f(b)s(e)g(built)f(dynamically) | |
13115 | i(as)f(completion)h(is)f(attempted,)h(rather)f(than)f(b)s(eing)g | |
13116 | (loaded)150 1647 y(all)g(at)g(once.)275 1789 y(F)-8 b(or)38 | |
13117 | b(instance,)h(assuming)e(that)h(there)f(is)h(a)f(library)g(of)g(compsp) | |
13118 | s(ecs,)i(eac)m(h)g(k)m(ept)e(in)g(a)h(\014le)f(corre-)150 | |
13119 | 1899 y(sp)s(onding)g(to)j(the)f(name)f(of)h(the)g(command,)i(the)e | |
13120 | (follo)m(wing)h(default)f(completion)h(function)e(w)m(ould)150 | |
13121 | 2009 y(load)31 b(completions)g(dynamically:)390 2151 | |
13122 | y Fs(_completion_loader\(\))390 2261 y({)390 2370 y(.)47 | |
0001803f | 13123 | b("/etc/bash_completion.d/$1)o(.sh")41 b(>/dev/null)k(2>&1)i(&&)g |
495aee44 CR |
13124 | (return)f(124)390 2480 y(})390 2589 y(complete)g(-D)h(-F)g |
13125 | (_completion_loader)150 2834 y Fr(8.7)68 b(Programmable)47 | |
13126 | b(Completion)f(Builtins)150 2993 y Ft(Tw)m(o)27 b(builtin)g(commands)g | |
0001803f | 13127 | (are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(to)f(manipulate)g(the)f(programmable)g |
495aee44 | 13128 | (completion)h(facilities.)150 3165 y Fs(compgen)870 3303 |
0001803f | 13129 | y(compgen)46 b([)p Fi(option)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fi(word)11 |
495aee44 | 13130 | b Fs(])630 3442 y Ft(Generate)27 b(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(matc)m |
0001803f | 13131 | (hes)g(for)e Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(according)e(to)f(the)g Fq(option)p |
495aee44 | 13132 | Ft(s,)h(whic)m(h)630 3552 y(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(an)m(y)h(option)g |
0001803f | 13133 | (accepted)h(b)m(y)e(the)h Fs(complete)d Ft(builtin)j(with)f(the)h |
495aee44 | 13134 | (exception)g(of)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 3661 y(and)k(`)p |
0001803f CR |
13135 | Fs(-r)p Ft(',)i(and)e(write)h(the)g(matc)m(hes)h(to)g(the)f(standard)f |
13136 | (output.)48 b(When)33 b(using)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')630 | |
495aee44 | 13137 | 3771 y(or)28 b(`)p Fs(-C)p Ft(')g(options,)h(the)f(v)-5 |
0001803f | 13138 | b(arious)29 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariables)29 b(set)f(b)m(y)g(the)g |
495aee44 | 13139 | (programmable)h(completion)630 3880 y(facilities,)k(while)d(a)m(v)-5 |
0001803f | 13140 | b(ailable,)33 b(will)e(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(useful)f(v)-5 |
495aee44 | 13141 | b(alues.)630 4019 y(The)34 b(matc)m(hes)h(will)g(b)s(e)f(generated)h |
0001803f | 13142 | (in)f(the)h(same)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(as)g(if)f(the)h(programmable)f(com-)630 |
495aee44 CR |
13143 | 4128 y(pletion)d(co)s(de)g(had)f(generated)i(them)e(directly)i(from)e |
13144 | (a)h(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(with)630 4238 | |
0001803f CR |
13145 | y(the)e(same)h(\015ags.)40 b(If)29 b Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(is)d(sp)s |
13146 | (eci\014ed,)g(only)g(those)h(completions)g(matc)m(hing)g | |
495aee44 CR |
13147 | Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(will)630 4348 y(b)s(e)d(displa)m(y)m(ed.)630 |
13148 | 4486 y(The)24 b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)g(true)f(unless)g(an)h(in) | |
17345e5a | 13149 | m(v)-5 b(alid)25 b(option)g(is)g(supplied,)f(or)h(no)g(matc)m(hes)g(w)m |
495aee44 CR |
13150 | (ere)630 4596 y(generated.)150 4763 y Fs(complete)870 |
13151 | 4902 y(complete)46 b([-abcdefgjksuv])d([-o)k Fi(comp-option)11 | |
0001803f | 13152 | b Fs(])44 b([-DE])i([-A)h Fi(action)11 b Fs(])46 b([-)870 |
495aee44 CR |
13153 | 5011 y(G)h Fi(globpat)11 b Fs(])46 b([-W)g Fi(wordlist)11 |
13154 | b Fs(])870 5121 y([-F)47 b Fi(function)11 b Fs(])45 b([-C)i | |
0001803f | 13155 | Fi(command)11 b Fs(])45 b([-X)i Fi(filterpat)11 b Fs(])870 |
495aee44 | 13156 | 5230 y([-P)47 b Fi(prefix)11 b Fs(])45 b([-S)i Fi(suffix)11 |
0001803f | 13157 | b Fs(])45 b Fi(name)58 b Fs([)p Fi(name)f Fs(...)o(])870 |
495aee44 CR |
13158 | 5340 y(complete)46 b(-pr)g([-DE])h([)p Fi(name)57 b Fs(...)o(])p |
13159 | eop end | |
13160 | %%Page: 120 126 | |
13161 | TeXDict begin 120 125 bop 150 -116 a Ft(120)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
13162 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(Sp)s(ecify)i(ho)m(w)h(argumen)m(ts)h | |
13163 | (to)f(eac)m(h)i Fq(name)j Ft(should)33 b(b)s(e)g(completed.)53 | |
13164 | b(If)33 b(the)i(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')e(option)630 408 y(is)d(supplied,)e | |
13165 | (or)i(if)g(no)f(options)h(are)g(supplied,)f(existing)h(completion)h(sp) | |
13166 | s(eci\014cations)g(are)630 518 y(prin)m(ted)43 b(in)h(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)h | |
0001803f | 13167 | (that)f(allo)m(ws)h(them)f(to)g(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)80 |
495aee44 | 13168 | b(The)43 b(`)p Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)630 628 y(remo)m(v)m(es)29 |
0001803f CR |
13169 | b(a)e(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)e(for)g(eac)m(h)i |
13170 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(,)28 b(or,)g(if)f(no)g Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)27 | |
495aee44 CR |
13171 | b(are)h(supplied,)630 737 y(all)46 b(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014cations.) |
13172 | 87 b(The)45 b(`)p Fs(-D)p Ft(')h(option)g(indicates)g(that)g(the)g | |
13173 | (remaining)630 847 y(options)35 b(and)f(actions)h(should)f(apply)g(to)h | |
13174 | (the)g(\\default")g(command)f(completion;)k(that)630 | |
13175 | 956 y(is,)25 b(completion)g(attempted)g(on)e(a)h(command)f(for)g(whic)m | |
13176 | (h)h(no)f(completion)i(has)e(previously)630 1066 y(b)s(een)28 | |
0001803f CR |
13177 | b(de\014ned.)39 b(The)27 b(`)p Fs(-E)p Ft(')i(option)g(indicates)g |
13178 | (that)g(the)g(remaining)f(options)h(and)f(actions)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
13179 | 1176 y(should)i(apply)i(to)g(\\empt)m(y")g(command)g(completion;)h |
13180 | (that)f(is,)g(completion)h(attempted)630 1285 y(on)d(a)h(blank)f(line.) | |
13181 | 630 1419 y(The)f(pro)s(cess)g(of)h(applying)g(these)g(completion)g(sp)s | |
13182 | (eci\014cations)h(when)d(w)m(ord)i(completion)630 1529 | |
13183 | y(is)35 b(attempted)h(is)f(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f | |
13184 | (Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 1638 | |
13185 | y(page)31 b(117\).)42 b(The)30 b(`)p Fs(-D)p Ft(')h(option)f(tak)m(es)i | |
13186 | (precedence)f(o)m(v)m(er)h(`)p Fs(-E)p Ft('.)630 1772 | |
13187 | y(Other)41 b(options,)46 b(if)41 b(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)f | |
13188 | (follo)m(wing)i(meanings.)75 b(The)41 b(argumen)m(ts)h(to)630 | |
13189 | 1882 y(the)e(`)p Fs(-G)p Ft(',)j(`)p Fs(-W)p Ft(',)g(and)d(`)p | |
0001803f CR |
13190 | Fs(-X)p Ft(')g(options)g(\(and,)j(if)d(necessary)-8 b(,)44 |
13191 | b(the)c(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')h(and)e(`)p Fs(-S)p Ft(')h(options\))630 | |
495aee44 | 13192 | 1991 y(should)30 b(b)s(e)h(quoted)g(to)h(protect)g(them)f(from)g |
17345e5a | 13193 | (expansion)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g Fs(complete)e Ft(builtin)630 |
495aee44 CR |
13194 | 2101 y(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)630 2259 y Fs(-o)g Fi(comp-option)1110 |
13195 | 2369 y Ft(The)c Fq(comp-option)i Ft(con)m(trols)g(sev)m(eral)h(asp)s | |
17345e5a | 13196 | (ects)e(of)g(the)g(compsp)s(ec's)g(b)s(eha)m(v-)1110 |
495aee44 | 13197 | 2478 y(ior)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)f(the)g(simple)h(generation)h(of)e |
17345e5a | 13198 | (completions.)41 b Fq(comp-option)27 b Ft(ma)m(y)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
13199 | 2588 y(b)s(e)j(one)g(of:)1110 2746 y Fs(bashdefault)1590 |
13200 | 2856 y Ft(P)m(erform)d(the)h(rest)f(of)h(the)g(default)f(Bash)h | |
13201 | (completions)g(if)g(the)1590 2966 y(compsp)s(ec)i(generates)i(no)e | |
13202 | (matc)m(hes.)1110 3124 y Fs(default)144 b Ft(Use)22 b(Readline's)g | |
17345e5a | 13203 | (default)g(\014lename)g(completion)g(if)g(the)g(comp-)1590 |
495aee44 CR |
13204 | 3233 y(sp)s(ec)30 b(generates)i(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110 |
13205 | 3392 y Fs(dirnames)96 b Ft(P)m(erform)46 b(directory)g(name)h | |
13206 | (completion)g(if)f(the)g(compsp)s(ec)1590 3501 y(generates)32 | |
13207 | b(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110 3660 y Fs(filenames)1590 3769 | |
0001803f | 13208 | y Ft(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)f(that)h(the)f(compsp)s(ec)f(generates)j |
495aee44 | 13209 | (\014lenames,)1590 3879 y(so)29 b(it)h(can)f(p)s(erform)f(an)m(y)h |
0001803f | 13210 | (\014lename-sp)s(eci\014c)h(pro)s(cessing)e(\(lik)m(e)1590 |
495aee44 CR |
13211 | 3988 y(adding)d(a)h(slash)f(to)h(directory)g(names)f(quoting)h(sp)s |
13212 | (ecial)g(c)m(har-)1590 4098 y(acters,)39 b(or)d(suppressing)f(trailing) | |
13213 | i(spaces\).)59 b(This)35 b(option)i(is)1590 4208 y(in)m(tended)30 | |
17345e5a | 13214 | b(to)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(with)g(shell)i(functions)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with) |
495aee44 | 13215 | 1590 4317 y(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft('.)1110 4475 y Fs(nospace)144 |
17345e5a | 13216 | b Ft(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)g(not)g(to)g(app)s(end)d(a)j(space)g |
495aee44 CR |
13217 | (\(the)f(default\))h(to)1590 4585 y(w)m(ords)30 b(completed)h(at)g(the) |
13218 | g(end)f(of)g(the)h(line.)1110 4743 y Fs(plusdirs)96 b | |
17345e5a | 13219 | Ft(After)30 b(an)m(y)h(matc)m(hes)g(de\014ned)d(b)m(y)i(the)g(compsp)s |
495aee44 CR |
13220 | (ec)g(are)g(gener-)1590 4853 y(ated,)g(directory)f(name)g(completion)i |
13221 | (is)d(attempted)i(and)f(an)m(y)1590 4963 y(matc)m(hes)j(are)e(added)g | |
17345e5a | 13222 | (to)h(the)g(results)f(of)g(the)h(other)g(actions.)630 |
495aee44 | 13223 | 5121 y Fs(-A)f Fi(action)1110 5230 y Ft(The)25 b Fq(action)h |
17345e5a | 13224 | Ft(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(one)h(of)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(to)e(generate)i(a)e |
495aee44 CR |
13225 | (list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)1110 5340 y(completions:)p eop |
13226 | end | |
13227 | %%Page: 121 127 | |
13228 | TeXDict begin 121 126 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
13229 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(121)1110 299 y Fs(alias)240 | |
13230 | b Ft(Alias)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31 b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f | |
13231 | (as)i(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft('.)1110 461 y Fs(arrayvar)96 b Ft(Arra)m(y)31 | |
13232 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(names.)1110 623 y Fs(binding)144 | |
13233 | b Ft(Readline)30 b(k)m(ey)f(binding)f(names)h(\(see)h(Section)f(8.4)h | |
13234 | ([Bindable)1590 732 y(Readline)h(Commands],)f(page)h(108\).)1110 | |
13235 | 894 y Fs(builtin)144 b Ft(Names)21 b(of)g(shell)f(builtin)h(commands.) | |
13236 | 37 b(Ma)m(y)21 b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)1590 1004 | |
13237 | y(as)31 b(`)p Fs(-b)p Ft('.)1110 1166 y Fs(command)144 | |
17345e5a | 13238 | b Ft(Command)29 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s |
495aee44 CR |
13239 | (eci\014ed)f(as)i(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft('.)1110 1328 y Fs(directory)1590 |
13240 | 1438 y Ft(Directory)h(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s | |
13241 | (eci\014ed)g(as)g(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft('.)1110 1600 y Fs(disabled)96 | |
17345e5a | 13242 | b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(disabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
13243 | 1762 y Fs(enabled)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(enabled)f(shell)g(builtins.) |
13244 | 1110 1924 y Fs(export)192 b Ft(Names)34 b(of)f(exp)s(orted)f(shell)h(v) | |
17345e5a | 13245 | -5 b(ariables.)49 b(Ma)m(y)35 b(also)e(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci-)1590 |
495aee44 | 13246 | 2033 y(\014ed)d(as)g(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft('.)1110 2195 y Fs(file)288 |
17345e5a | 13247 | b Ft(File)32 b(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f |
495aee44 CR |
13248 | (as)i(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft('.)1110 2357 y Fs(function)96 b |
13249 | Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(shell)f(functions.)1110 2519 y Fs(group)240 | |
17345e5a | 13250 | b Ft(Group)30 b(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g |
495aee44 CR |
13251 | (as)g(`)p Fs(-g)p Ft('.)1110 2681 y Fs(helptopic)1590 |
13252 | 2791 y Ft(Help)37 b(topics)g(as)g(accepted)h(b)m(y)e(the)h | |
13253 | Fs(help)f Ft(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)1590 2900 y(tion)31 | |
13254 | b(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).)1110 3062 y | |
17345e5a | 13255 | Fs(hostname)96 b Ft(Hostnames,)89 b(as)76 b(tak)m(en)h(from)f(the)g |
495aee44 | 13256 | (\014le)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)1590 3172 y(the)55 b |
17345e5a | 13257 | Fs(HOSTFILE)e Ft(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariable)56 b(\(see)g(Section)g(5.2)h |
495aee44 CR |
13258 | ([Bash)1590 3282 y(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(63\).)1110 |
13259 | 3444 y Fs(job)336 b Ft(Job)31 b(names,)h(if)g(job)f(con)m(trol)i(is)f | |
17345e5a | 13260 | (activ)m(e.)46 b(Ma)m(y)33 b(also)g(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci-)1590 |
495aee44 | 13261 | 3553 y(\014ed)f(as)g(`)p Fs(-j)p Ft('.)1110 3715 y Fs(keyword)144 |
17345e5a JA |
13262 | b Ft(Shell)30 b(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 |
13263 | b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft('.)1110 | |
495aee44 CR |
13264 | 3877 y Fs(running)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(running)d(jobs,)i(if)h(job)f |
13265 | (con)m(trol)h(is)g(activ)m(e.)1110 4039 y Fs(service)144 | |
17345e5a | 13266 | b Ft(Service)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31 b(also)g(b)s(e)f(sp)s |
495aee44 | 13267 | (eci\014ed)g(as)g(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft('.)1110 4201 y Fs(setopt)192 |
17345e5a JA |
13268 | b Ft(V)-8 b(alid)34 b(argumen)m(ts)f(for)f(the)h(`)p |
13269 | Fs(-o)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)1590 | |
495aee44 CR |
13270 | 4311 y(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(54\).) |
13271 | 1110 4473 y Fs(shopt)240 b Ft(Shell)40 b(option)g(names)g(as)g | |
17345e5a | 13272 | (accepted)i(b)m(y)e(the)g Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)1590 |
495aee44 CR |
13273 | 4582 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).) |
13274 | 1110 4744 y Fs(signal)192 b Ft(Signal)31 b(names.)1110 | |
13275 | 4906 y Fs(stopped)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(stopp)s(ed)e(jobs,)h(if)g | |
13276 | (job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)f(activ)m(e.)1110 5068 y Fs(user)288 | |
17345e5a | 13277 | b Ft(User)30 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f |
495aee44 | 13278 | (as)i(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft('.)1110 5230 y Fs(variable)96 b |
17345e5a JA |
13279 | Ft(Names)36 b(of)g(all)g(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)56 |
13280 | b(Ma)m(y)37 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)1590 | |
495aee44 CR |
13281 | 5340 y(`)p Fs(-v)p Ft('.)p eop end |
13282 | %%Page: 122 128 | |
13283 | TeXDict begin 122 127 bop 150 -116 a Ft(122)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
13284 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(-C)f Fi(command)1110 |
13285 | 408 y Fq(command)35 b Ft(is)e(executed)g(in)e(a)i(subshell)e(en)m | |
13286 | (vironmen)m(t,)i(and)f(its)g(output)g(is)1110 518 y(used)e(as)g(the)h | |
495aee44 CR |
13287 | (p)s(ossible)f(completions.)630 674 y Fs(-F)g Fi(function)1110 |
13288 | 783 y Ft(The)25 b(shell)i(function)e Fq(function)h Ft(is)g(executed)h | |
13289 | (in)e(the)i(curren)m(t)e(shell)i(en)m(viron-)1110 893 | |
0001803f | 13290 | y(men)m(t.)40 b(When)25 b(it)h(\014nishes,)f(the)h(p)s(ossible)f |
495aee44 | 13291 | (completions)h(are)g(retriev)m(ed)g(from)1110 1003 y(the)31 |
0001803f | 13292 | b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h(the)g Fs(COMPREPLY)c Ft(arra)m(y)k(v)-5 |
495aee44 CR |
13293 | b(ariable.)630 1158 y Fs(-G)30 b Fi(globpat)1110 1268 |
13294 | y Ft(The)39 b(\014lename)h(expansion)g(pattern)g Fq(globpat)j | |
13295 | Ft(is)d(expanded)f(to)h(generate)1110 1377 y(the)31 b(p)s(ossible)e | |
13296 | (completions.)630 1533 y Fs(-P)h Fi(prefix)1110 1643 | |
13297 | y Fq(pre\014x)39 b Ft(is)34 b(added)f(at)i(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(of)i | |
13298 | (eac)m(h)g(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(after)1110 1752 | |
13299 | y(all)c(other)g(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(applied.)630 | |
13300 | 1908 y Fs(-S)g Fi(suffix)1110 2018 y Fq(su\016x)c Ft(is)20 | |
0001803f | 13301 | b(app)s(ended)f(to)i(eac)m(h)h(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(after)f(all)g |
495aee44 CR |
13302 | (other)g(options)1110 2127 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(b)s(een)d(applied.)630 |
13303 | 2283 y Fs(-W)h Fi(wordlist)1110 2393 y Ft(The)24 b Fq(w)m(ordlist)k | |
13304 | Ft(is)d(split)g(using)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i | |
13305 | Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110 2502 y(as)36 | |
13306 | b(delimiters,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)h(resultan)m(t)g(w)m(ord)e(is)h | |
13307 | (expanded.)57 b(The)35 b(p)s(ossible)1110 2612 y(completions)c(are)e | |
13308 | (the)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list)g(whic)m(h)f | |
13309 | (matc)m(h)i(the)1110 2721 y(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed.)630 | |
13310 | 2877 y Fs(-X)g Fi(filterpat)1110 2987 y Fq(\014lterpat)d | |
13311 | Ft(is)e(a)g(pattern)g(as)f(used)g(for)h(\014lename)g(expansion.)38 | |
13312 | b(It)25 b(is)g(applied)f(to)1110 3096 y(the)30 b(list)f(of)h(p)s | |
13313 | (ossible)f(completions)h(generated)h(b)m(y)e(the)g(preceding)h(options) | |
13314 | 1110 3206 y(and)d(argumen)m(ts,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)i(completion)g(matc)m | |
13315 | (hing)g Fq(\014lterpat)h Ft(is)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)1110 3315 | |
13316 | y(from)i(the)h(list.)42 b(A)30 b(leading)i(`)p Fs(!)p | |
13317 | Ft(')e(in)g Fq(\014lterpat)j Ft(negates)f(the)f(pattern;)g(in)f(this) | |
13318 | 1110 3425 y(case,)i(an)m(y)e(completion)i(not)f(matc)m(hing)g | |
13319 | Fq(\014lterpat)i Ft(is)d(remo)m(v)m(ed.)630 3581 y(The)35 | |
13320 | b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(true)f(unless)h(an)f(in)m(v)-5 | |
13321 | b(alid)37 b(option)f(is)g(supplied,)g(an)g(option)h(other)630 | |
13322 | 3690 y(than)31 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(-r)p | |
0001803f | 13323 | Ft(')g(is)g(supplied)f(without)h(a)g Fq(name)37 b Ft(argumen)m(t,)32 |
495aee44 | 13324 | b(an)f(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)630 3800 y(remo)m(v)m(e)h(a)e |
0001803f CR |
13325 | (completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(for)f(a)h Fq(name)k |
13326 | Ft(for)30 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(sp)s(eci\014cation)h(exists,)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
13327 | 3910 y(or)f(an)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs)g(adding)g(a)g(completion)i(sp)s |
13328 | (eci\014cation.)150 4065 y Fs(compopt)870 4198 y(compopt)46 | |
0001803f | 13329 | b([-o)h Fi(option)11 b Fs(])45 b([-DE])h([+o)h Fi(option)11 |
495aee44 | 13330 | b Fs(])46 b([)p Fi(name)11 b Fs(])630 4331 y Ft(Mo)s(dify)33 |
0001803f CR |
13331 | b(completion)h(options)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)39 b |
13332 | Ft(according)34 b(to)g(the)f Fq(option)p Ft(s,)i(or)e(for)g(the)630 | |
495aee44 | 13333 | 4440 y(curren)m(tly-executing)46 b(completion)f(if)f(no)f |
0001803f | 13334 | Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)44 b(are)h(supplied.)80 b(If)43 b(no)h |
495aee44 | 13335 | Fq(option)p Ft(s)h(are)630 4550 y(giv)m(en,)30 b(displa)m(y)e(the)g |
0001803f | 13336 | (completion)h(options)g(for)e(eac)m(h)i Fq(name)34 b |
495aee44 | 13337 | Ft(or)27 b(the)i(curren)m(t)e(completion.)630 4659 y(The)f(p)s(ossible) |
0001803f CR |
13338 | g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)f Fq(option)h Ft(are)g(those)g(v)-5 |
13339 | b(alid)26 b(for)g(the)h Fs(complete)d Ft(builtin)i(describ)s(ed)630 | |
495aee44 | 13340 | 4769 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)40 b(The)23 b(`)p Fs(-D)p Ft(')i(option)f |
0001803f | 13341 | (indicates)h(that)g(the)f(remaining)g(options)h(should)e(apply)h(to)h |
495aee44 CR |
13342 | (the)630 4879 y(\\default")33 b(command)f(completion;)i(that)f(is,)g |
13343 | (completion)g(attempted)g(on)f(a)g(command)630 4988 y(for)c(whic)m(h)f | |
0001803f CR |
13344 | (no)h(completion)h(has)f(previously)g(b)s(een)f(de\014ned.)38 |
13345 | b(The)28 b(`)p Fs(-E)p Ft(')g(option)g(indicates)630 | |
495aee44 CR |
13346 | 5098 y(that)c(the)g(remaining)g(options)g(should)e(apply)h(to)i(\\empt) |
13347 | m(y")g(command)e(completion;)k(that)630 5207 y(is,)k(completion)g | |
13348 | (attempted)h(on)e(a)h(blank)f(line.)630 5340 y(The)g(`)p | |
0001803f | 13349 | Fs(-D)p Ft(')g(option)h(tak)m(es)h(precedence)f(o)m(v)m(er)g(`)p |
495aee44 CR |
13350 | Fs(-E)p Ft('.)p eop end |
13351 | %%Page: 123 129 | |
13352 | TeXDict begin 123 128 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 | |
13353 | b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(123)630 299 y(The)23 | |
13354 | b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(true)g(unless)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5 | |
13355 | b(alid)24 b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)630 | |
13356 | 408 y(to)32 b(mo)s(dify)f(the)g(options)h(for)f(a)h Fq(name)k | |
13357 | Ft(for)31 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(exists,) | |
13358 | 630 518 y(or)e(an)h(output)f(error)g(o)s(ccurs.)p eop | |
13359 | end | |
13360 | %%Page: 124 130 | |
13361 | TeXDict begin 124 129 bop eop end | |
13362 | %%Page: 125 131 | |
13363 | TeXDict begin 125 130 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 | |
13364 | b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(125)150 | |
0001803f CR |
13365 | 299 y Fo(9)80 b(Using)53 b(History)g(In)l(teractiv)l(ely)150 |
13366 | 572 y Ft(This)42 b(c)m(hapter)h(describ)s(es)f(ho)m(w)g(to)h(use)g(the) | |
13367 | f Fl(gnu)h Ft(History)g(Library)e(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 | |
13368 | b(,)50 b(from)42 b(a)h(user's)150 681 y(standp)s(oin)m(t.)76 | |
17345e5a JA |
13369 | b(It)42 b(should)f(b)s(e)h(considered)g(a)g(user's)g(guide.)76 |
13370 | b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(information)f(on)g(using)g(the)g Fl(gnu)150 | |
0001803f CR |
13371 | 791 y Ft(History)31 b(Library)f(in)g(other)g(programs,)g(see)h(the)g |
13372 | Fl(gnu)f Ft(Readline)h(Library)f(Man)m(ual.)150 1042 | |
13373 | y Fr(9.1)68 b(Bash)45 b(History)h(F)-11 b(acilities)150 | |
13374 | 1202 y Ft(When)40 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-o)30 b(history)p Ft(')38 | |
13375 | b(option)j(to)g(the)g Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)h(is)h(enabled)f(\(see)h | |
13376 | (Section)g(4.3.1)i([The)d(Set)150 1311 y(Builtin],)32 | |
495aee44 | 13377 | b(page)g(54\),)h(the)e(shell)h(pro)m(vides)f(access)h(to)g(the)f |
0001803f CR |
13378 | Fq(command)g(history)p Ft(,)h(the)f(list)h(of)f(commands)150 |
13379 | 1421 y(previously)h(t)m(yp)s(ed.)47 b(The)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 | |
13380 | b(of)f(the)h Fs(HISTSIZE)e Ft(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 | |
13381 | b(is)f(used)e(as)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(com-)150 | |
13382 | 1531 y(mands)i(to)i(sa)m(v)m(e)h(in)e(a)g(history)h(list.)58 | |
13383 | b(The)36 b(text)h(of)g(the)f(last)h Fs($HISTSIZE)d Ft(commands)i | |
13384 | (\(default)g(500\))150 1640 y(is)h(sa)m(v)m(ed.)61 b(The)36 | |
13385 | b(shell)h(stores)h(eac)m(h)g(command)e(in)h(the)g(history)g(list)g | |
13386 | (prior)f(to)i(parameter)f(and)f(v)-5 b(ari-)150 1750 | |
13387 | y(able)33 b(expansion)g(but)f(after)h(history)f(expansion)h(is)g(p)s | |
13388 | (erformed,)e(sub)5 b(ject)33 b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)33 | |
13389 | b(of)g(the)g(shell)150 1859 y(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b Fs(HISTIGNORE)d | |
13390 | Ft(and)h Fs(HISTCONTROL)p Ft(.)275 2007 y(When)g(the)g(shell)h(starts)g | |
17345e5a | 13391 | (up,)f(the)h(history)f(is)h(initialized)h(from)e(the)h(\014le)f(named)g |
0001803f | 13392 | (b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(HISTFILE)150 2116 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)21 |
17345e5a JA |
13393 | b(\(default)h(`)p Fs(~/.bash_history)p Ft('\).)34 b(The)20 |
13394 | b(\014le)h(named)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)21 b(of)g | |
0001803f | 13395 | Fs(HISTFILE)d Ft(is)j(truncated,)150 2226 y(if)42 b(necessary)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
13396 | b(,)45 b(to)e(con)m(tain)g(no)f(more)g(than)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f |
13397 | (of)h(lines)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)42 | |
0001803f | 13398 | b(of)g(the)150 2336 y Fs(HISTFILESIZE)21 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable.)40 |
17345e5a | 13399 | b(When)24 b(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits,)h(the)f(last)g |
0001803f | 13400 | Fs($HISTSIZE)d Ft(lines)j(are)f(copied)150 2445 y(from)29 |
17345e5a JA |
13401 | b(the)i(history)e(list)i(to)g(the)f(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h |
13402 | Fs($HISTFILE)p Ft(.)38 b(If)30 b(the)g Fs(histappend)d | |
0001803f | 13403 | Ft(shell)j(option)g(is)g(set)150 2555 y(\(see)22 b(Section)g(4.2)g |
495aee44 | 13404 | ([Bash)g(Builtins],)h(page)f(43\),)j(the)c(lines)g(are)h(app)s(ended)d |
0001803f | 13405 | (to)j(the)f(history)g(\014le,)j(otherwise)150 2664 y(the)32 |
17345e5a JA |
13406 | b(history)f(\014le)g(is)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten.)45 b(If)31 |
13407 | b Fs(HISTFILE)e Ft(is)j(unset,)f(or)h(if)f(the)h(history)f(\014le)g(is) | |
0001803f | 13408 | h(un)m(writable,)g(the)150 2774 y(history)37 b(is)h(not)f(sa)m(v)m(ed.) |
17345e5a | 13409 | 63 b(After)38 b(sa)m(ving)g(the)f(history)-8 b(,)40 b(the)e(history)f |
0001803f | 13410 | (\014le)g(is)h(truncated)f(to)h(con)m(tain)h(no)150 2883 |
17345e5a JA |
13411 | y(more)31 b(than)f Fs($HISTFILESIZE)c Ft(lines.)41 b(If)30 |
13412 | b Fs(HISTFILESIZE)d Ft(is)k(not)f(set,)h(no)g(truncation)f(is)h(p)s | |
0001803f | 13413 | (erformed.)275 3031 y(If)g(the)h Fs(HISTTIMEFORMAT)d |
17345e5a | 13414 | Ft(is)j(set,)h(the)f(time)h(stamp)f(information)g(asso)s(ciated)i(with) |
0001803f | 13415 | e(eac)m(h)h(history)150 3140 y(en)m(try)d(is)h(written)f(to)h(the)f |
17345e5a | 13416 | (history)h(\014le,)f(mark)m(ed)h(with)f(the)g(history)g(commen)m(t)h(c) |
0001803f | 13417 | m(haracter.)43 b(When)30 b(the)150 3250 y(history)22 |
17345e5a JA |
13418 | b(\014le)h(is)g(read,)h(lines)f(b)s(eginning)e(with)i(the)f(history)h |
13419 | (commen)m(t)g(c)m(haracter)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(immediately)150 | |
0001803f CR |
13420 | 3360 y(b)m(y)30 b(a)h(digit)g(are)g(in)m(terpreted)g(as)f(timestamps)h |
13421 | (for)f(the)h(previous)f(history)g(line.)275 3507 y(The)19 | |
17345e5a JA |
13422 | b(builtin)h(command)g Fs(fc)g Ft(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(list)g |
13423 | (or)g(edit)g(and)e(re-execute)j(a)f(p)s(ortion)f(of)g(the)h(history)150 | |
0001803f | 13424 | 3617 y(list.)41 b(The)27 b Fs(history)f Ft(builtin)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e |
17345e5a | 13425 | (used)g(to)i(displa)m(y)g(or)f(mo)s(dify)f(the)h(history)g(list)h(and)f |
0001803f | 13426 | (manipulate)150 3726 y(the)j(history)g(\014le.)42 b(When)31 |
17345e5a | 13427 | b(using)f(command-line)h(editing,)h(searc)m(h)f(commands)g(are)g(a)m(v) |
0001803f | 13428 | -5 b(ailable)33 b(in)e(eac)m(h)150 3836 y(editing)45 |
17345e5a JA |
13429 | b(mo)s(de)g(that)g(pro)m(vide)g(access)h(to)f(the)g(history)f(list)i |
13430 | (\(see)f(Section)h(8.4.2)g([Commands)e(F)-8 b(or)150 | |
495aee44 | 13431 | 3945 y(History],)31 b(page)h(109\).)275 4093 y(The)47 |
17345e5a JA |
13432 | b(shell)i(allo)m(ws)h(con)m(trol)f(o)m(v)m(er)h(whic)m(h)e(commands)g |
13433 | (are)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)f(the)h(history)f(list.)95 b(The)150 | |
0001803f | 13434 | 4202 y Fs(HISTCONTROL)25 b Ft(and)j Fs(HISTIGNORE)e Ft(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 13435 | b(ariables)29 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)d(set)j(to)f(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i |
0001803f | 13436 | (sa)m(v)m(e)g(only)f(a)g(subset)150 4312 y(of)e(the)g(commands)f(en)m |
17345e5a | 13437 | (tered.)40 b(The)26 b Fs(cmdhist)f Ft(shell)i(option,)h(if)f(enabled,)g |
0001803f | 13438 | (causes)h(the)e(shell)h(to)h(attempt)150 4421 y(to)23 |
17345e5a JA |
13439 | b(sa)m(v)m(e)h(eac)m(h)f(line)g(of)f(a)h(m)m(ulti-line)g(command)f(in)g |
13440 | (the)h(same)f(history)g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)25 b(adding)d(semicolons)h | |
0001803f | 13441 | (where)150 4531 y(necessary)37 b(to)f(preserv)m(e)h(syn)m(tactic)h |
17345e5a | 13442 | (correctness.)58 b(The)36 b Fs(lithist)e Ft(shell)i(option)h(causes)g |
0001803f | 13443 | (the)f(shell)g(to)150 4641 y(sa)m(v)m(e)25 b(the)e(command)h(with)f(em) |
17345e5a | 13444 | m(b)s(edded)f(newlines)h(instead)h(of)f(semicolons.)40 |
0001803f | 13445 | b(The)23 b Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)i(is)h(used)150 4750 |
17345e5a | 13446 | y(to)31 b(set)g(these)g(options.)41 b(See)31 b(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)g |
495aee44 | 13447 | (Builtins],)g(page)g(43,)h(for)e(a)h(description)f(of)h |
0001803f CR |
13448 | Fs(shopt)p Ft(.)150 5002 y Fr(9.2)68 b(Bash)45 b(History)h(Builtins)150 |
13449 | 5161 y Ft(Bash)31 b(pro)m(vides)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(builtin)e(commands)g | |
13450 | (whic)m(h)g(manipulate)g(the)h(history)f(list)h(and)f(history)g | |
13451 | (\014le.)150 5340 y Fs(fc)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
13452 | %%Page: 126 132 |
13453 | TeXDict begin 126 131 bop 150 -116 a Ft(126)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
13454 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)870 299 y Fs(fc)47 b([-e)g Fi(ename)11 |
13455 | b Fs(])46 b([-lnr])g([)p Fi(first)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p | |
13456 | Fi(last)11 b Fs(])870 408 y(fc)47 b(-s)g([)p Fi(pat)11 | |
13457 | b Fs(=)p Fi(rep)g Fs(])45 b([)p Fi(command)11 b Fs(])630 | |
13458 | 539 y Ft(Fix)41 b(Command.)68 b(In)39 b(the)i(\014rst)e(form,)j(a)e | |
13459 | (range)h(of)f(commands)g(from)f Fq(\014rst)i Ft(to)g | |
13460 | Fq(last)i Ft(is)630 648 y(selected)35 b(from)e(the)g(history)g(list.)50 | |
13461 | b(Both)34 b Fq(\014rst)h Ft(and)e Fq(last)j Ft(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)e(sp)s | |
13462 | (eci\014ed)h(as)g(a)h(string)630 758 y(\(to)26 b(lo)s(cate)h(the)e | |
13463 | (most)h(recen)m(t)g(command)e(b)s(eginning)h(with)g(that)g(string\))h | |
13464 | (or)f(as)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)630 867 y(\(an)f(index)f(in)m(to)h(the)g | |
13465 | (history)g(list,)h(where)e(a)h(negativ)m(e)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)c(is)i | |
13466 | (used)f(as)g(an)h(o\013set)g(from)630 977 y(the)j(curren)m(t)f(command) | |
13467 | h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er\).)38 b(If)26 b Fq(last)k Ft(is)c(not)h(sp)s | |
13468 | (eci\014ed)f(it)h(is)g(set)g(to)g Fq(\014rst)r Ft(.)39 | |
13469 | b(If)26 b Fq(\014rst)i Ft(is)630 1087 y(not)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(it)h(is) | |
13470 | g(set)h(to)f(the)g(previous)f(command)h(for)f(editing)i(and)e | |
13471 | Fp(\000)p Ft(16)h(for)g(listing.)630 1196 y(If)f(the)g(`)p | |
13472 | Fs(-l)p Ft(')g(\015ag)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)h(the)g(commands)e(are)i(listed) | |
13473 | g(on)f(standard)f(output.)40 b(The)30 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')630 | |
13474 | 1306 y(\015ag)i(suppresses)f(the)h(command)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(when)i | |
13475 | (listing.)46 b(The)32 b(`)p Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(\015ag)g(rev)m(erses)h(the) | |
13476 | 630 1415 y(order)g(of)g(the)h(listing.)50 b(Otherwise,)34 | |
13477 | b(the)f(editor)h(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)f Fq(ename)39 b Ft(is)33 | |
13478 | b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(on)e(a)h(\014le)630 1525 y(con)m(taining)i(those)f | |
13479 | (commands.)52 b(If)33 b Fq(ename)40 b Ft(is)34 b(not)h(giv)m(en,)h(the) | |
13480 | f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)630 1634 y(v)-5 | |
13481 | b(ariable)33 b(expansion)e(is)h(used:)42 b Fs(${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}) | |
13482 | p Ft(.)d(This)31 b(sa)m(ys)h(to)g(use)g(the)630 1744 | |
13483 | y(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)h Fs(FCEDIT)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)34 | |
17345e5a | 13484 | b(if)f(set,)i(or)f(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)g(the)f |
0001803f | 13485 | Fs(EDITOR)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(if)f(that)630 1854 |
17345e5a JA |
13486 | y(is)g(set,)i(or)e Fs(vi)g Ft(if)g(neither)g(is)g(set.)50 |
13487 | b(When)33 b(editing)h(is)f(complete,)i(the)f(edited)f(commands)630 | |
0001803f | 13488 | 1963 y(are)e(ec)m(ho)s(ed)g(and)f(executed.)630 2093 |
17345e5a JA |
13489 | y(In)k(the)g(second)g(form,)h Fq(command)j Ft(is)c(re-executed)i(after) |
13490 | f(eac)m(h)g(instance)g(of)f Fq(pat)j Ft(in)d(the)630 | |
0001803f CR |
13491 | 2203 y(selected)e(command)e(is)g(replaced)h(b)m(y)g Fq(rep)s |
13492 | Ft(.)630 2333 y(A)g(useful)f(alias)i(to)g(use)e(with)h(the)g | |
17345e5a | 13493 | Fs(fc)f Ft(command)h(is)g Fs(r='fc)e(-s')p Ft(,)h(so)h(that)h(t)m |
0001803f | 13494 | (yping)f(`)p Fs(r)f(cc)p Ft(')630 2443 y(runs)35 b(the)h(last)h |
17345e5a | 13495 | (command)f(b)s(eginning)g(with)g Fs(cc)f Ft(and)h(t)m(yping)g(`)p |
0001803f | 13496 | Fs(r)p Ft(')h(re-executes)h(the)e(last)630 2552 y(command)30 |
495aee44 | 13497 | b(\(see)h(Section)h(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)g(81\).)150 |
0001803f CR |
13498 | 2703 y Fs(history)870 2833 y(history)46 b([)p Fi(n)11 |
13499 | b Fs(])870 2943 y(history)46 b(-c)870 3052 y(history)g(-d)h | |
13500 | Fi(offset)870 3162 y Fs(history)f([-anrw])g([)p Fi(filename)11 | |
13501 | b Fs(])870 3271 y(history)46 b(-ps)h Fi(arg)630 3402 | |
17345e5a JA |
13502 | y Ft(With)26 b(no)g(options,)h(displa)m(y)f(the)g(history)g(list)g |
13503 | (with)f(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)38 b(Lines)26 b(pre\014xed)e(with)630 | |
0001803f | 13504 | 3511 y(a)35 b(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(mo)s(di\014ed.) |
17345e5a | 13505 | 53 b(An)34 b(argumen)m(t)h(of)g Fq(n)f Ft(lists)i(only)f(the)g(last)g |
0001803f | 13506 | Fq(n)f Ft(lines.)54 b(If)35 b(the)630 3621 y(shell)30 |
17345e5a JA |
13507 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b Fs(HISTTIMEFORMAT)26 b Ft(is)k(set)h(and)e(not)i |
13508 | (n)m(ull,)f(it)h(is)f(used)f(as)h(a)h(format)f(string)630 | |
0001803f | 13509 | 3730 y(for)36 b Fq(strftime)41 b Ft(to)36 b(displa)m(y)g(the)g(time)h |
17345e5a | 13510 | (stamp)f(asso)s(ciated)h(with)f(eac)m(h)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(history)630 |
0001803f | 13511 | 3840 y(en)m(try)-8 b(.)47 b(No)33 b(in)m(terv)m(ening)g(blank)f(is)g |
17345e5a | 13512 | (prin)m(ted)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g(formatted)f(time)h(stamp)g(and) |
0001803f CR |
13513 | 630 3950 y(the)e(history)f(line.)630 4080 y(Options,)g(if)h(supplied,)e |
13514 | (ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 4230 | |
17345e5a JA |
13515 | y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(Clear)23 b(the)g(history)g(list.)39 |
13516 | b(This)22 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined)h(with)f(the)h(other)h | |
0001803f CR |
13517 | (options)1110 4340 y(to)31 b(replace)g(the)g(history)f(list)h |
13518 | (completely)-8 b(.)630 4491 y Fs(-d)30 b Fi(offset)1110 | |
13519 | 4600 y Ft(Delete)25 b(the)f(history)f(en)m(try)g(at)h(p)s(osition)f | |
13520 | Fq(o\013set)r Ft(.)39 b Fq(o\013set)26 b Ft(should)c(b)s(e)h(sp)s | |
13521 | (eci\014ed)1110 4710 y(as)31 b(it)g(app)s(ears)e(when)h(the)g(history)g | |
13522 | (is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed.)630 4861 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(App)s(end)35 | |
13523 | b(the)i(new)g(history)g(lines)g(\(history)g(lines)g(en)m(tered)h(since) | |
13524 | f(the)g(b)s(e-)1110 4970 y(ginning)30 b(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(Bash)h | |
13525 | (session\))g(to)g(the)g(history)f(\014le.)630 5121 y | |
13526 | Fs(-n)384 b Ft(App)s(end)32 b(the)i(history)f(lines)h(not)g(already)g | |
13527 | (read)g(from)f(the)h(history)f(\014le)h(to)1110 5230 | |
13528 | y(the)26 b(curren)m(t)f(history)g(list.)40 b(These)25 | |
13529 | b(are)h(lines)g(app)s(ended)e(to)i(the)f(history)h(\014le)1110 | |
13530 | 5340 y(since)31 b(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(Bash)h | |
13531 | (session.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
13532 | %%Page: 127 133 |
13533 | TeXDict begin 127 132 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 | |
13534 | b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(127)630 | |
0001803f CR |
13535 | 299 y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(Read)26 b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(history)g(\014le)g |
13536 | (and)g(app)s(end)e(its)j(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(to)f(the)f(history)1110 | |
495aee44 | 13537 | 408 y(list.)630 562 y Fs(-w)384 b Ft(W)-8 b(rite)32 b(out)e(the)h |
0001803f | 13538 | (curren)m(t)f(history)g(to)i(the)e(history)g(\014le.)630 |
495aee44 | 13539 | 715 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(P)m(erform)31 b(history)f(substitution)h(on)f(the) |
0001803f | 13540 | h Fq(arg)8 b Ft(s)31 b(and)f(displa)m(y)h(the)f(result)h(on)1110 |
495aee44 CR |
13541 | 824 y(the)d(standard)f(output,)i(without)f(storing)g(the)g(results)g |
13542 | (in)g(the)g(history)g(list.)630 977 y Fs(-s)384 b Ft(The)30 | |
0001803f CR |
13543 | b Fq(arg)8 b Ft(s)30 b(are)h(added)f(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)h(the)f |
13544 | (history)h(list)g(as)f(a)h(single)g(en)m(try)-8 b(.)630 | |
495aee44 | 13545 | 1130 y(When)24 b(an)m(y)h(of)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-w)p Ft(',)h(`)p |
0001803f CR |
13546 | Fs(-r)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(',)h(or)f(`)p Fs(-n)p |
13547 | Ft(')f(options)g(is)h(used,)g(if)f Fq(\014lename)30 b | |
495aee44 | 13548 | Ft(is)24 b(giv)m(en,)j(then)630 1240 y(it)32 b(is)g(used)f(as)h(the)f |
17345e5a JA |
13549 | (history)h(\014le.)45 b(If)31 b(not,)h(then)g(the)f(v)-5 |
13550 | b(alue)32 b(of)g(the)g Fs(HISTFILE)d Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)33 | |
495aee44 CR |
13551 | b(is)630 1350 y(used.)150 1576 y Fr(9.3)68 b(History)46 |
13552 | b(Expansion)150 1735 y Ft(The)f(History)h(library)e(pro)m(vides)i(a)f | |
0001803f | 13553 | (history)g(expansion)g(feature)h(that)g(is)f(similar)h(to)g(the)f |
495aee44 | 13554 | (history)150 1845 y(expansion)g(pro)m(vided)f(b)m(y)h |
0001803f | 13555 | Fs(csh)p Ft(.)83 b(This)44 b(section)i(describ)s(es)e(the)h(syn)m(tax)h |
495aee44 CR |
13556 | (used)e(to)i(manipulate)f(the)150 1954 y(history)30 b(information.)275 |
13557 | 2086 y(History)h(expansions)f(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(w)m(ords)g(from)g(the)h | |
0001803f | 13558 | (history)f(list)h(in)m(to)g(the)g(input)f(stream,)h(making)150 |
495aee44 | 13559 | 2195 y(it)g(easy)g(to)g(rep)s(eat)g(commands,)f(insert)g(the)h(argumen) |
17345e5a | 13560 | m(ts)f(to)h(a)g(previous)f(command)g(in)m(to)i(the)e(curren)m(t)150 |
495aee44 CR |
13561 | 2305 y(input)f(line,)i(or)g(\014x)f(errors)f(in)h(previous)g(commands)g |
13562 | (quic)m(kly)-8 b(.)275 2436 y(History)27 b(expansion)f(tak)m(es)i | |
17345e5a | 13563 | (place)f(in)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(parts.)39 b(The)26 b(\014rst)g(is)g(to)h |
495aee44 | 13564 | (determine)g(whic)m(h)f(line)h(from)f(the)150 2546 y(history)i(list)g |
17345e5a JA |
13565 | (should)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(during)g(substitution.)39 b(The)27 |
13566 | b(second)h(is)g(to)h(select)g(p)s(ortions)e(of)h(that)h(line)150 | |
495aee44 | 13567 | 2655 y(for)d(inclusion)f(in)m(to)i(the)f(curren)m(t)f(one.)40 |
17345e5a | 13568 | b(The)25 b(line)h(selected)h(from)f(the)g(history)f(is)h(called)h(the)f |
495aee44 | 13569 | Fq(ev)m(en)m(t)p Ft(,)j(and)150 2765 y(the)21 b(p)s(ortions)g(of)g |
17345e5a JA |
13570 | (that)h(line)f(that)h(are)g(acted)g(up)s(on)e(are)h(called)h |
13571 | Fq(w)m(ords)p Ft(.)38 b(V)-8 b(arious)21 b Fq(mo)s(di\014ers)j | |
495aee44 | 13572 | Ft(are)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)150 2874 y(to)35 b(manipulate)f(the)g |
17345e5a | 13573 | (selected)i(w)m(ords.)51 b(The)33 b(line)h(is)g(brok)m(en)g(in)m(to)h |
495aee44 | 13574 | (w)m(ords)e(in)h(the)g(same)h(fashion)e(that)150 2984 |
17345e5a JA |
13575 | y(Bash)i(do)s(es,)h(so)f(that)h(sev)m(eral)g(w)m(ords)e(surrounded)f(b) |
13576 | m(y)i(quotes)g(are)g(considered)g(one)g(w)m(ord.)54 b(History)150 | |
495aee44 | 13577 | 3094 y(expansions)34 b(are)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(app)s |
17345e5a | 13578 | (earance)g(of)g(the)g(history)g(expansion)g(c)m(haracter,)i(whic)m(h)e |
495aee44 | 13579 | (is)150 3203 y(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')d(b)m(y)f(default.)41 |
17345e5a JA |
13580 | b(Only)29 b(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(')i(and)f(`)p Fs(')p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f |
13581 | (used)g(to)h(escap)s(e)g(the)f(history)g(expansion)h(c)m(haracter.)275 | |
495aee44 | 13582 | 3335 y(Sev)m(eral)40 b(shell)g(options)g(settable)h(with)e(the)h |
17345e5a | 13583 | Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)150 |
495aee44 | 13584 | 3444 y(page)32 b(43\))h(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(tailor)g(the)e(b)s |
17345e5a | 13585 | (eha)m(vior)h(of)g(history)g(expansion.)44 b(If)31 b(the)h |
495aee44 | 13586 | Fs(histverify)d Ft(shell)150 3554 y(option)39 b(is)f(enabled,)i(and)e |
17345e5a | 13587 | (Readline)g(is)h(b)s(eing)e(used,)j(history)e(substitutions)g(are)g |
495aee44 | 13588 | (not)h(immediately)150 3663 y(passed)30 b(to)h(the)g(shell)g(parser.)40 |
17345e5a | 13589 | b(Instead,)30 b(the)h(expanded)f(line)h(is)f(reloaded)h(in)m(to)h(the)e |
495aee44 | 13590 | (Readline)h(editing)150 3773 y(bu\013er)e(for)i(further)e(mo)s |
17345e5a | 13591 | (di\014cation.)41 b(If)30 b(Readline)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used,)g(and)g |
495aee44 | 13592 | (the)g Fs(histreedit)e Ft(shell)i(option)150 3882 y(is)k(enabled,)h(a)g |
17345e5a | 13593 | (failed)g(history)f(expansion)g(will)g(b)s(e)g(reloaded)g(in)m(to)h |
495aee44 | 13594 | (the)g(Readline)f(editing)h(bu\013er)e(for)150 3992 y(correction.)74 |
17345e5a JA |
13595 | b(The)41 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f Fs(history)f |
13596 | Ft(builtin)g(command)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)g(see)h(what)150 | |
495aee44 | 13597 | 4102 y(a)c(history)g(expansion)f(will)h(do)f(b)s(efore)h(using)f(it.)63 |
17345e5a | 13598 | b(The)37 b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)h(the)f Fs(history)d |
495aee44 | 13599 | Ft(builtin)i(ma)m(y)150 4211 y(b)s(e)c(used)h(to)g(add)g(commands)f(to) |
17345e5a | 13600 | i(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(history)g(list)h(without)f(actually)i |
495aee44 | 13601 | (executing)f(them,)150 4321 y(so)j(that)h(they)f(are)g(a)m(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 13602 | b(ailable)40 b(for)e(subsequen)m(t)f(recall.)65 b(This)37 |
495aee44 CR |
13603 | b(is)h(most)g(useful)g(in)f(conjunction)h(with)150 4430 |
13604 | y(Readline.)275 4562 y(The)33 b(shell)h(allo)m(ws)h(con)m(trol)h(of)e | |
17345e5a | 13605 | (the)g(v)-5 b(arious)34 b(c)m(haracters)h(used)f(b)m(y)f(the)h(history) |
495aee44 | 13606 | g(expansion)g(mec)m(h-)150 4671 y(anism)h(with)g(the)g |
17345e5a JA |
13607 | Fs(histchars)d Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)38 b(as)d(explained)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) |
13608 | i(\(see)f(Section)f(5.2)i([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)150 | |
495aee44 | 13609 | 4781 y(page)32 b(63\).)44 b(The)31 b(shell)g(uses)g(the)g(history)g |
17345e5a | 13610 | (commen)m(t)i(c)m(haracter)f(to)g(mark)f(history)g(timestamps)h(when) |
495aee44 CR |
13611 | 150 4891 y(writing)e(the)h(history)f(\014le.)150 5083 |
13612 | y Fj(9.3.1)63 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)39 b(Designators)150 5230 | |
13613 | y Ft(An)32 b(ev)m(en)m(t)j(designator)e(is)g(a)g(reference)g(to)h(a)f | |
13614 | (command)f(line)h(en)m(try)g(in)g(the)g(history)g(list.)48 | |
13615 | b(Unless)33 b(the)150 5340 y(reference)e(is)f(absolute,)i(ev)m(en)m(ts) | |
13616 | f(are)g(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)f(curren)m(t)g(p)s(osition)h(in)f(the)h | |
13617 | (history)f(list.)p eop end | |
13618 | %%Page: 128 134 | |
13619 | TeXDict begin 128 133 bop 150 -116 a Ft(128)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
13620 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(!)432 b Ft(Start)34 |
13621 | b(a)f(history)h(substitution,)g(except)g(when)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y) | |
13622 | e(a)h(space,)h(tab,)f(the)g(end)f(of)630 408 y(the)i(line,)g(`)p | |
13623 | Fs(=)p Ft(')g(or)f(`)p Fs(\()p Ft(')h(\(when)e(the)i | |
13624 | Fs(extglob)d Ft(shell)j(option)f(is)h(enabled)f(using)g(the)g | |
495aee44 | 13625 | Fs(shopt)630 518 y Ft(builtin\).)150 669 y Fs(!)p Fi(n)384 |
0001803f | 13626 | b Ft(Refer)30 b(to)i(command)e(line)g Fq(n)p Ft(.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
13627 | 819 y Fs(!-)p Fi(n)336 b Ft(Refer)30 b(to)i(the)e(command)g |
13628 | Fq(n)g Ft(lines)h(bac)m(k.)150 970 y Fs(!!)384 b Ft(Refer)30 | |
0001803f | 13629 | b(to)i(the)e(previous)g(command.)40 b(This)30 b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)f |
495aee44 CR |
13630 | (for)g(`)p Fs(!-1)p Ft('.)150 1120 y Fs(!)p Fi(string)144 |
13631 | b Ft(Refer)25 b(to)h(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)g(command)f(preceding)g | |
13632 | (the)g(curren)m(t)g(p)s(osition)g(in)g(the)g(history)630 | |
13633 | 1230 y(list)31 b(starting)g(with)f Fq(string)8 b Ft(.)150 | |
13634 | 1381 y Fs(!?)p Fi(string)j Fs([?])630 1490 y Ft(Refer)25 | |
13635 | b(to)h(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)g(command)f(preceding)g(the)g(curren)m(t) | |
13636 | g(p)s(osition)g(in)g(the)g(history)630 1600 y(list)32 | |
13637 | b(con)m(taining)h Fq(string)8 b Ft(.)43 b(The)31 b(trailing)h(`)p | |
13638 | Fs(?)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(omitted)h(if)f(the)h Fq(string)39 | |
13639 | b Ft(is)31 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)630 1709 y(immediately)h(b)m(y)e(a)h | |
13640 | (newline.)150 1860 y Fs(^)p Fi(string1)11 b Fs(^)p Fi(string2)g | |
13641 | Fs(^)630 1970 y Ft(Quic)m(k)31 b(Substitution.)43 b(Rep)s(eat)31 | |
0001803f | 13642 | b(the)g(last)h(command,)g(replacing)f Fq(string1)39 b |
495aee44 | 13643 | Ft(with)31 b Fq(string2)7 b Ft(.)630 2079 y(Equiv)-5 |
0001803f | 13644 | b(alen)m(t)31 b(to)g Fs(!!:s/)p Fi(string1)11 b Fs(/)p |
495aee44 | 13645 | Fi(string2)g Fs(/)p Ft(.)150 2230 y Fs(!#)384 b Ft(The)30 |
0001803f | 13646 | b(en)m(tire)h(command)f(line)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(so)h(far.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
13647 | 2420 y Fj(9.3.2)63 b(W)-10 b(ord)41 b(Designators)150 |
13648 | 2567 y Ft(W)-8 b(ord)27 b(designators)h(are)g(used)e(to)i(select)h | |
0001803f CR |
13649 | (desired)d(w)m(ords)h(from)f(the)i(ev)m(en)m(t.)41 b(A)27 |
13650 | b(`)p Fs(:)p Ft(')g(separates)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t)150 | |
495aee44 | 13651 | 2677 y(sp)s(eci\014cation)38 b(from)e(the)h(w)m(ord)f(designator.)61 |
0001803f | 13652 | b(It)37 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(omitted)i(if)e(the)h(w)m(ord)g(designator)g |
495aee44 | 13653 | (b)s(egins)150 2786 y(with)30 b(a)g(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(',)g(`)p |
0001803f CR |
13654 | Fs($)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)f(or)g(`)p |
13655 | Fs(\045)p Ft('.)41 b(W)-8 b(ords)30 b(are)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)e(from)i | |
13656 | (the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)g(line,)g(with)g(the)150 | |
495aee44 | 13657 | 2896 y(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)h(denoted)h(b)m(y)f(0)h(\(zero\).) |
0001803f | 13658 | 41 b(W)-8 b(ords)30 b(are)g(inserted)f(in)m(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f |
495aee44 CR |
13659 | (line)g(separated)h(b)m(y)150 3005 y(single)h(spaces.)275 |
13660 | 3136 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)150 3286 y Fs(!!)384 b | |
0001803f CR |
13661 | Ft(designates)37 b(the)f(preceding)g(command.)57 b(When)35 |
13662 | b(y)m(ou)i(t)m(yp)s(e)f(this,)h(the)f(preceding)g(com-)630 | |
495aee44 | 13663 | 3396 y(mand)30 b(is)g(rep)s(eated)g(in)g(toto.)150 3546 |
0001803f CR |
13664 | y Fs(!!:$)288 b Ft(designates)23 b(the)g(last)g(argumen)m(t)g(of)f(the) |
13665 | h(preceding)f(command.)38 b(This)22 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(shortened)630 | |
495aee44 | 13666 | 3656 y(to)31 b Fs(!$)p Ft(.)150 3806 y Fs(!fi:2)240 b |
0001803f | 13667 | Ft(designates)30 b(the)g(second)f(argumen)m(t)h(of)f(the)h(most)f |
495aee44 CR |
13668 | (recen)m(t)i(command)e(starting)h(with)f(the)630 3916 |
13669 | y(letters)j Fs(fi)p Ft(.)275 4067 y(Here)e(are)h(the)g(w)m(ord)f | |
13670 | (designators:)150 4217 y Fs(0)g(\(zero\))114 b Ft(The)30 | |
0001803f | 13671 | b Fs(0)p Ft(th)g(w)m(ord.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(man)m(y)g(applications,)h |
495aee44 CR |
13672 | (this)e(is)g(the)h(command)f(w)m(ord.)150 4368 y Fi(n)432 |
13673 | b Ft(The)30 b Fq(n)p Ft(th)g(w)m(ord.)150 4518 y Fs(^)432 | |
0001803f | 13674 | b Ft(The)30 b(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t;)j(that)f(is,)f(w)m(ord)g(1.)150 |
495aee44 CR |
13675 | 4669 y Fs($)432 b Ft(The)30 b(last)h(argumen)m(t.)150 |
13676 | 4820 y Fs(\045)432 b Ft(The)30 b(w)m(ord)g(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(the)h | |
0001803f | 13677 | (most)g(recen)m(t)g(`)p Fs(?)p Fi(string)11 b Fs(?)p |
495aee44 | 13678 | Ft(')28 b(searc)m(h.)150 4970 y Fi(x)11 b Fs(-)p Fi(y)325 |
0001803f CR |
13679 | b Ft(A)30 b(range)h(of)g(w)m(ords;)f(`)p Fs(-)p Fi(y)11 |
13680 | b Ft(')30 b(abbreviates)h(`)p Fs(0-)p Fi(y)11 b Ft('.)150 | |
13681 | 5121 y Fs(*)432 b Ft(All)28 b(of)g(the)g(w)m(ords,)g(except)h(the)e | |
13682 | Fs(0)p Ft(th.)40 b(This)27 b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)f(for)h(`)p | |
13683 | Fs(1-$)p Ft('.)39 b(It)28 b(is)g(not)g(an)f(error)630 | |
13684 | 5230 y(to)j(use)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')f(if)h(there)g(is)g(just)f(one)h(w)m | |
13685 | (ord)f(in)g(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t;)i(the)d(empt)m(y)i(string)e(is)h | |
13686 | (returned)e(in)630 5340 y(that)j(case.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
13687 | %%Page: 129 135 |
13688 | TeXDict begin 129 134 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 | |
13689 | b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(129)150 | |
0001803f CR |
13690 | 299 y Fi(x)11 b Fs(*)373 b Ft(Abbreviates)31 b(`)p Fi(x)11 |
13691 | b Fs(-$)p Ft(')150 458 y Fi(x)g Fs(-)373 b Ft(Abbreviates)31 | |
13692 | b(`)p Fi(x)11 b Fs(-$)p Ft(')29 b(lik)m(e)j(`)p Fi(x)11 | |
13693 | b Fs(*)p Ft(',)30 b(but)g(omits)h(the)f(last)h(w)m(ord.)275 | |
13694 | 618 y(If)i(a)h(w)m(ord)g(designator)g(is)g(supplied)f(without)h(an)g | |
13695 | (ev)m(en)m(t)h(sp)s(eci\014cation,)h(the)e(previous)f(command)150 | |
13696 | 727 y(is)d(used)g(as)h(the)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)150 927 y Fj(9.3.3)63 | |
13697 | b(Mo)s(di\014ers)150 1073 y Ft(After)29 b(the)g(optional)g(w)m(ord)g | |
13698 | (designator,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)g(add)f(a)h(sequence)g(of)g(one)g(or)f | |
13699 | (more)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)150 1183 y(mo)s(di\014ers,)h(eac)m(h)j | |
13700 | (preceded)e(b)m(y)g(a)h(`)p Fs(:)p Ft('.)150 1342 y Fs(h)432 | |
13701 | b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g(pathname)g(comp)s(onen)m(t,)g | |
13702 | (lea)m(ving)h(only)e(the)h(head.)150 1502 y Fs(t)432 | |
13703 | b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(all)f(leading)h(pathname)e(comp)s(onen)m(ts,)h | |
13704 | (lea)m(ving)h(the)e(tail.)150 1661 y Fs(r)432 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 | |
13705 | b(a)f(trailing)g(su\016x)f(of)g(the)h(form)f(`)p Fs(.)p | |
13706 | Fi(suffix)11 b Ft(',)28 b(lea)m(ving)33 b(the)d(basename.)150 | |
13707 | 1821 y Fs(e)432 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(all)f(but)f(the)h(trailing)g | |
13708 | (su\016x.)150 1980 y Fs(p)432 b Ft(Prin)m(t)30 b(the)h(new)f(command)g | |
13709 | (but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)i(it.)150 2139 y Fs(q)432 b | |
13710 | Ft(Quote)31 b(the)f(substituted)g(w)m(ords,)g(escaping)h(further)e | |
13711 | (substitutions.)150 2299 y Fs(x)432 b Ft(Quote)32 b(the)f(substituted)g | |
13712 | (w)m(ords)f(as)i(with)f(`)p Fs(q)p Ft(',)h(but)e(break)h(in)m(to)i(w)m | |
13713 | (ords)d(at)i(spaces,)h(tabs,)630 2408 y(and)d(newlines.)150 | |
13714 | 2568 y Fs(s/)p Fi(old)11 b Fs(/)p Fi(new)g Fs(/)630 2677 | |
13715 | y Ft(Substitute)32 b Fq(new)40 b Ft(for)32 b(the)h(\014rst)f(o)s | |
13716 | (ccurrence)h(of)f Fq(old)37 b Ft(in)32 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(line.)48 | |
13717 | b(An)m(y)32 b(delimiter)630 2787 y(ma)m(y)25 b(b)s(e)g(used)f(in)g | |
13718 | (place)i(of)f(`)p Fs(/)p Ft('.)39 b(The)24 b(delimiter)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s | |
13719 | (e)e(quoted)h(in)f Fq(old)29 b Ft(and)24 b Fq(new)32 | |
13720 | b Ft(with)25 b(a)630 2897 y(single)j(bac)m(kslash.)40 | |
13721 | b(If)27 b(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')g(app)s(ears)g(in)g Fq(new)8 | |
13722 | b Ft(,)27 b(it)h(is)f(replaced)h(b)m(y)f Fq(old)t Ft(.)39 | |
13723 | b(A)27 b(single)h(bac)m(kslash)630 3006 y(will)35 b(quote)g(the)g(`)p | |
13724 | Fs(&)p Ft('.)54 b(The)34 b(\014nal)g(delimiter)i(is)e(optional)i(if)f | |
13725 | (it)g(is)f(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g(on)630 3116 y(the)31 | |
13726 | b(input)e(line.)150 3275 y Fs(&)432 b Ft(Rep)s(eat)31 | |
13727 | b(the)f(previous)g(substitution.)150 3435 y Fs(g)150 | |
13728 | 3544 y(a)432 b Ft(Cause)38 b(c)m(hanges)i(to)f(b)s(e)f(applied)h(o)m(v) | |
13729 | m(er)h(the)f(en)m(tire)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(line.)66 b(Used)39 | |
13730 | b(in)f(conjunction)630 3654 y(with)30 b(`)p Fs(s)p Ft(',)h(as)f(in)h | |
13731 | Fs(gs/)p Fi(old)11 b Fs(/)p Fi(new)g Fs(/)p Ft(,)26 b(or)k(with)h(`)p | |
13732 | Fs(&)p Ft('.)150 3813 y Fs(G)432 b Ft(Apply)30 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i | |
13733 | (`)p Fs(s)p Ft(')f(mo)s(di\014er)e(once)i(to)g(eac)m(h)h(w)m(ord)e(in)g | |
13734 | (the)g(ev)m(en)m(t.)p eop end | |
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13735 | %%Page: 130 136 |
13736 | TeXDict begin 130 135 bop eop end | |
13737 | %%Page: 131 137 | |
13738 | TeXDict begin 131 136 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 | |
13739 | b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(131)150 299 y Fo(10)80 | |
0001803f CR |
13740 | b(Installing)52 b(Bash)150 556 y Ft(This)31 b(c)m(hapter)h(pro)m(vides) |
13741 | g(basic)g(instructions)f(for)g(installing)i(Bash)f(on)f(the)h(v)-5 | |
13742 | b(arious)31 b(supp)s(orted)f(plat-)150 665 y(forms.)40 | |
13743 | b(The)28 b(distribution)h(supp)s(orts)e(the)j Fl(gnu)f | |
13744 | Ft(op)s(erating)h(systems,)f(nearly)h(ev)m(ery)g(v)m(ersion)f(of)h | |
13745 | (Unix,)150 775 y(and)d(sev)m(eral)j(non-Unix)d(systems)h(suc)m(h)g(as)g | |
13746 | (BeOS)g(and)f(In)m(terix.)40 b(Other)28 b(indep)s(enden)m(t)e(p)s(orts) | |
13747 | h(exist)i(for)150 884 y Fl(ms-dos)p Ft(,)h Fl(os/2)p | |
13748 | Ft(,)g(and)g(Windo)m(ws)g(platforms.)150 1128 y Fr(10.1)68 | |
13749 | b(Basic)45 b(Installation)150 1288 y Ft(These)30 b(are)h(installation)h | |
13750 | (instructions)e(for)h(Bash.)275 1430 y(The)e(simplest)i(w)m(a)m(y)g(to) | |
13751 | g(compile)h(Bash)e(is:)199 1572 y(1.)61 b Fs(cd)38 b | |
13752 | Ft(to)h(the)f(directory)h(con)m(taining)h(the)f(source)f(co)s(de)h(and) | |
13753 | f(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p Fs(./configure)p Ft(')e(to)j(con\014gure)330 | |
13754 | 1681 y(Bash)c(for)f(y)m(our)h(system.)54 b(If)34 b(y)m(ou're)h(using)f | |
13755 | Fs(csh)g Ft(on)g(an)h(old)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)g(System)f(V,)h(y)m(ou)g | |
13756 | (migh)m(t)330 1791 y(need)21 b(to)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p | |
13757 | Fs(sh)30 b(./configure)p Ft(')18 b(instead)j(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)h | |
13758 | Fs(csh)e Ft(from)g(trying)h(to)g(execute)h Fs(configure)330 | |
13759 | 1901 y Ft(itself.)330 2039 y(Running)30 b Fs(configure)f | |
13760 | Ft(tak)m(es)k(some)e(time.)45 b(While)32 b(running,)e(it)i(prin)m(ts)f | |
13761 | (messages)h(telling)h(whic)m(h)330 2149 y(features)e(it)g(is)f(c)m(hec) | |
13762 | m(king)i(for.)199 2287 y(2.)61 b(T)m(yp)s(e)30 b(`)p | |
13763 | Fs(make)p Ft(')g(to)h(compile)g(Bash)g(and)e(build)h(the)g | |
13764 | Fs(bashbug)f Ft(bug)g(rep)s(orting)h(script.)199 2425 | |
13765 | y(3.)61 b(Optionally)-8 b(,)32 b(t)m(yp)s(e)e(`)p Fs(make)g(tests)p | |
13766 | Ft(')f(to)i(run)e(the)h(Bash)h(test)g(suite.)199 2563 | |
13767 | y(4.)61 b(T)m(yp)s(e)36 b(`)p Fs(make)29 b(install)p | |
17345e5a JA |
13768 | Ft(')35 b(to)i(install)h Fs(bash)d Ft(and)h Fs(bashbug)p |
13769 | Ft(.)57 b(This)35 b(will)i(also)h(install)f(the)g(man)m(ual)330 | |
0001803f | 13770 | 2673 y(pages)31 b(and)f(Info)g(\014le.)275 2844 y(The)20 |
17345e5a JA |
13771 | b Fs(configure)f Ft(shell)i(script)g(attempts)h(to)g(guess)f(correct)i |
13772 | (v)-5 b(alues)21 b(for)g(v)-5 b(arious)21 b(system-dep)s(enden)m(t)150 | |
0001803f | 13773 | 2953 y(v)-5 b(ariables)44 b(used)f(during)g(compilation.)82 |
17345e5a | 13774 | b(It)43 b(uses)h(those)g(v)-5 b(alues)44 b(to)g(create)h(a)g(`)p |
0001803f | 13775 | Fs(Makefile)p Ft(')c(in)j(eac)m(h)150 3063 y(directory)25 |
17345e5a JA |
13776 | b(of)g(the)g(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)27 b(\(the)e(top)g(directory)-8 |
13777 | b(,)27 b(the)e(`)p Fs(builtins)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(doc)p | |
13778 | Ft(',)i(and)e(`)p Fs(support)p Ft(')g(directories,)150 | |
0001803f | 13779 | 3172 y(eac)m(h)32 b(directory)f(under)d(`)p Fs(lib)p |
17345e5a JA |
13780 | Ft(',)j(and)f(sev)m(eral)h(others\).)42 b(It)30 b(also)i(creates)f(a)g |
13781 | (`)p Fs(config.h)p Ft(')e(\014le)h(con)m(taining)150 | |
0001803f | 13782 | 3282 y(system-dep)s(enden)m(t)h(de\014nitions.)44 b(Finally)-8 |
17345e5a | 13783 | b(,)34 b(it)e(creates)h(a)f(shell)g(script)f(named)g |
0001803f | 13784 | Fs(config.status)d Ft(that)150 3392 y(y)m(ou)k(can)g(run)e(in)h(the)g |
17345e5a | 13785 | (future)g(to)h(recreate)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(con\014guration,)h(a)g |
0001803f | 13786 | (\014le)g(`)p Fs(config.cache)p Ft(')c(that)150 3501 |
17345e5a JA |
13787 | y(sa)m(v)m(es)35 b(the)f(results)f(of)h(its)g(tests)h(to)f(sp)s(eed)f |
13788 | (up)g(recon\014guring,)h(and)f(a)h(\014le)g(`)p Fs(config.log)p | |
0001803f | 13789 | Ft(')d(con)m(taining)150 3611 y(compiler)25 b(output)g(\(useful)f |
17345e5a JA |
13790 | (mainly)h(for)g(debugging)f Fs(configure)p Ft(\).)37 |
13791 | b(If)24 b(at)i(some)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(`)p Fs(config.cache)p | |
0001803f | 13792 | Ft(')150 3720 y(con)m(tains)32 b(results)e(y)m(ou)g(don't)h(w)m(an)m(t) |
17345e5a | 13793 | g(to)g(k)m(eep,)g(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(or)e(edit)h(it.)275 |
0001803f | 13794 | 3862 y(T)-8 b(o)37 b(\014nd)f(out)i(more)f(ab)s(out)h(the)f(options)h |
17345e5a | 13795 | (and)f(argumen)m(ts)g(that)h(the)g Fs(configure)d Ft(script)i(under-) |
0001803f CR |
13796 | 150 3972 y(stands,)30 b(t)m(yp)s(e)390 4114 y Fs(bash-2.04$)45 |
13797 | b(./configure)g(--help)150 4256 y Ft(at)31 b(the)g(Bash)f(prompt)g(in)g | |
13798 | (y)m(our)g(Bash)h(source)f(directory)-8 b(.)275 4398 | |
17345e5a JA |
13799 | y(If)53 b(y)m(ou)h(need)f(to)i(do)e(un)m(usual)g(things)g(to)i(compile) |
13800 | g(Bash,)k(please)c(try)e(to)i(\014gure)e(out)h(ho)m(w)150 | |
0001803f | 13801 | 4508 y Fs(configure)47 b Ft(could)j(c)m(hec)m(k)h(whether)e(or)g(not)h |
17345e5a | 13802 | (to)h(do)e(them,)55 b(and)49 b(mail)h(di\013s)f(or)h(instructions)f(to) |
0001803f | 13803 | 150 4617 y Fs(bash-maintainers@gnu.org)24 b Ft(so)30 |
17345e5a | 13804 | b(they)h(can)g(b)s(e)e(considered)i(for)f(the)g(next)h(release.)275 |
0001803f | 13805 | 4760 y(The)24 b(\014le)i(`)p Fs(configure.in)p Ft(')c(is)k(used)e(to)j |
17345e5a | 13806 | (create)g Fs(configure)22 b Ft(b)m(y)k(a)g(program)f(called)h(Auto)s |
0001803f | 13807 | (conf.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)150 4869 y(only)31 b(need)f(`)p |
17345e5a JA |
13808 | Fs(configure.in)p Ft(')d(if)k(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(c)m(hange)g |
13809 | (it)g(or)f(regenerate)i Fs(configure)c Ft(using)i(a)h(new)m(er)150 | |
0001803f | 13810 | 4979 y(v)m(ersion)25 b(of)f(Auto)s(conf.)39 b(If)24 b(y)m(ou)h(do)f |
17345e5a JA |
13811 | (this,)i(mak)m(e)f(sure)f(y)m(ou)h(are)f(using)g(Auto)s(conf)h(v)m |
13812 | (ersion)f(2.50)i(or)f(new)m(er.)275 5121 y(Y)-8 b(ou)29 | |
13813 | b(can)f(remo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(program)g(binaries)f(and)g(ob)5 | |
13814 | b(ject)29 b(\014les)g(from)f(the)h(source)f(co)s(de)h(directory)g(b)m | |
13815 | (y)150 5230 y(t)m(yping)j(`)p Fs(make)d(clean)p Ft('.)42 | |
13816 | b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(also)g(remo)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(\014les)f(that)g | |
13817 | Fs(configure)e Ft(created)j(\(so)g(y)m(ou)g(can)f(compile)150 | |
13818 | 5340 y(Bash)g(for)f(a)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(kind)f(of)g(computer\),)h(t)m | |
13819 | (yp)s(e)g(`)p Fs(make)e(distclean)p Ft('.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
13820 | %%Page: 132 138 |
13821 | TeXDict begin 132 137 bop 150 -116 a Ft(132)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a | 13822 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(10.2)68 b(Compilers)46 |
0001803f CR |
13823 | b(and)f(Options)150 458 y Ft(Some)28 b(systems)h(require)f(un)m(usual)f |
13824 | (options)i(for)f(compilation)i(or)f(linking)f(that)h(the)g | |
13825 | Fs(configure)d Ft(script)150 568 y(do)s(es)32 b(not)g(kno)m(w)g(ab)s | |
13826 | (out.)44 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)f(giv)m(e)h Fs(configure)d | |
13827 | Ft(initial)j(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(for)g(v)-5 b(ariables)32 | |
13828 | b(b)m(y)g(setting)h(them)150 677 y(in)k(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)62 | |
13829 | b(Using)38 b(a)f(Bourne-compatible)i(shell,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(do)f(that) | |
13830 | h(on)f(the)g(command)150 787 y(line)31 b(lik)m(e)g(this:)390 | |
13831 | 920 y Fs(CC=c89)46 b(CFLAGS=-O2)f(LIBS=-lposix)g(./configure)275 | |
13832 | 1053 y Ft(On)29 b(systems)h(that)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f | |
17345e5a | 13833 | Fs(env)e Ft(program,)h(y)m(ou)h(can)g(do)f(it)h(lik)m(e)h(this:)390 |
0001803f CR |
13834 | 1186 y Fs(env)47 b(CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/in)o(clud)o(e)42 |
13835 | b(LDFLAGS=-s)j(./configure)275 1318 y Ft(The)29 b(con\014guration)i | |
17345e5a | 13836 | (pro)s(cess)f(uses)g(GCC)g(to)h(build)e(Bash)i(if)f(it)h(is)g(a)m(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
13837 | b(ailable.)150 1548 y Fr(10.3)68 b(Compiling)46 b(F)-11 |
13838 | b(or)45 b(Multiple)g(Arc)l(hitectures)150 1707 y Ft(Y)-8 | |
13839 | b(ou)27 b(can)g(compile)g(Bash)g(for)f(more)h(than)f(one)h(kind)f(of)g | |
13840 | (computer)h(at)g(the)g(same)g(time,)h(b)m(y)e(placing)i(the)150 | |
13841 | 1817 y(ob)5 b(ject)31 b(\014les)f(for)g(eac)m(h)i(arc)m(hitecture)f(in) | |
13842 | f(their)g(o)m(wn)h(directory)-8 b(.)41 b(T)-8 b(o)31 | |
13843 | b(do)f(this,)g(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)f(use)g(a)g(v)m(ersion)150 | |
13844 | 1926 y(of)25 b Fs(make)f Ft(that)h(supp)s(orts)f(the)h | |
13845 | Fs(VPATH)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)27 b(suc)m(h)e(as)g(GNU)h | |
13846 | Fs(make)p Ft(.)37 b Fs(cd)25 b Ft(to)h(the)f(directory)g(where)g(y)m | |
13847 | (ou)150 2036 y(w)m(an)m(t)34 b(the)f(ob)5 b(ject)34 b(\014les)f(and)f | |
13848 | (executables)i(to)g(go)g(and)e(run)g(the)h Fs(configure)d | |
13849 | Ft(script)j(from)g(the)g(source)150 2145 y(directory)-8 | |
13850 | b(.)41 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(ma)m(y)h(need)f(to)g(supply)f(the)h(`)p | |
13851 | Fs(--srcdir=PATH)p Ft(')d(argumen)m(t)k(to)g(tell)g Fs(configure)c | |
13852 | Ft(where)150 2255 y(the)36 b(source)g(\014les)f(are.)57 | |
13853 | b Fs(configure)33 b Ft(automatically)39 b(c)m(hec)m(ks)e(for)e(the)h | |
13854 | (source)g(co)s(de)f(in)h(the)f(directory)150 2364 y(that)c | |
13855 | Fs(configure)d Ft(is)i(in)g(and)g(in)g(`..'.)275 2497 | |
13856 | y(If)20 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(use)g(a)g Fs(make)f | |
17345e5a JA |
13857 | Ft(that)i(do)s(es)e(not)i(supp)s(orts)d(the)i Fs(VPATH)e |
13858 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)24 b(y)m(ou)e(can)f(compile)h(Bash)150 | |
0001803f | 13859 | 2607 y(for)33 b(one)h(arc)m(hitecture)h(at)f(a)g(time)g(in)f(the)h |
17345e5a | 13860 | (source)g(co)s(de)f(directory)-8 b(.)51 b(After)34 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m |
0001803f | 13861 | (e)h(installed)f(Bash)150 2716 y(for)c(one)h(arc)m(hitecture,)h(use)e |
17345e5a | 13862 | (`)p Fs(make)g(distclean)p Ft(')e(b)s(efore)i(recon\014guring)g(for)g |
0001803f | 13863 | (another)g(arc)m(hitecture.)275 2849 y(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
13864 | b(,)26 b(if)21 b(y)m(our)h(system)g(supp)s(orts)d(sym)m(b)s(olic)j |
13865 | (links,)i(y)m(ou)e(can)g(use)f(the)h(`)p Fs(support/mkclone)p | |
0001803f | 13866 | Ft(')150 2959 y(script)h(to)h(create)g(a)f(build)f(tree)i(whic)m(h)f |
17345e5a | 13867 | (has)f(sym)m(b)s(olic)i(links)e(bac)m(k)i(to)g(eac)m(h)g(\014le)f(in)g |
0001803f | 13868 | (the)g(source)g(directory)-8 b(.)150 3068 y(Here's)41 |
17345e5a | 13869 | b(an)f(example)i(that)f(creates)h(a)e(build)g(directory)h(in)f(the)h |
0001803f | 13870 | (curren)m(t)f(directory)h(from)f(a)h(source)150 3178 |
17345e5a | 13871 | y(directory)31 b(`)p Fs(/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0)p Ft(':)390 |
0001803f CR |
13872 | 3311 y Fs(bash)47 b(/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/s)o(uppo)o(rt/)o(mkcl)o(one) |
13873 | 41 b(-s)47 b(/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0)42 b(.)150 3444 y | |
17345e5a JA |
13874 | Ft(The)c Fs(mkclone)e Ft(script)i(requires)g(Bash,)i(so)f(y)m(ou)f(m)m |
13875 | (ust)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(already)g(built)f(Bash)g(for)g(at)h(least)h(one)150 | |
0001803f CR |
13876 | 3553 y(arc)m(hitecture)32 b(b)s(efore)e(y)m(ou)h(can)f(create)i(build)e |
13877 | (directories)h(for)f(other)h(arc)m(hitectures.)150 3782 | |
13878 | y Fr(10.4)68 b(Installation)47 b(Names)150 3942 y Ft(By)27 | |
13879 | b(default,)h(`)p Fs(make)i(install)p Ft(')25 b(will)j(install)g(in)m | |
13880 | (to)g(`)p Fs(/usr/local/bin)p Ft(',)c(`)p Fs(/usr/local/man)p | |
13881 | Ft(',)h(etc.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)150 4051 y(can)31 b(sp)s(ecify)f(an)h | |
17345e5a | 13882 | (installation)h(pre\014x)d(other)i(than)g(`)p Fs(/usr/local)p |
0001803f CR |
13883 | Ft(')d(b)m(y)i(giving)i Fs(configure)c Ft(the)i(option)150 |
13884 | 4161 y(`)p Fs(--prefix=)p Fi(PATH)11 b Ft(',)35 b(or)h(b)m(y)g(sp)s | |
13885 | (ecifying)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(for)f(the)h Fs(DESTDIR)d | |
13886 | Ft(`)p Fs(make)p Ft(')i(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(when)f(running)150 | |
13887 | 4271 y(`)p Fs(make)29 b(install)p Ft('.)275 4403 y(Y)-8 | |
13888 | b(ou)71 b(can)h(sp)s(ecify)f(separate)h(installation)h(pre\014xes)d | |
13889 | (for)h(arc)m(hitecture-sp)s(eci\014c)i(\014les)f(and)150 | |
13890 | 4513 y(arc)m(hitecture-indep)s(enden)m(t)38 b(\014les.)62 | |
13891 | b(If)37 b(y)m(ou)h(giv)m(e)g Fs(configure)d Ft(the)j(option)g(`)p | |
13892 | Fs(--exec-prefix=)p Fi(PATH)11 b Ft(',)150 4623 y(`)p | |
13893 | Fs(make)29 b(install)p Ft(')63 b(will)h(use)f Fq(P)-8 | |
13894 | b(A)g(TH)75 b Ft(as)64 b(the)g(pre\014x)e(for)i(installing)h(programs)e | |
13895 | (and)h(libraries.)150 4732 y(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)32 b(and)e(other)h | |
13896 | (data)g(\014les)f(will)h(still)g(use)f(the)h(regular)f(pre\014x.)150 | |
13897 | 4961 y Fr(10.5)68 b(Sp)t(ecifying)45 b(the)g(System)h(T)l(yp)t(e)150 | |
13898 | 5121 y Ft(There)f(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(some)i(features)f | |
13899 | Fs(configure)e Ft(can)i(not)g(\014gure)g(out)g(automatically)-8 | |
13900 | b(,)52 b(but)44 b(need)h(to)150 5230 y(determine)36 b(b)m(y)g(the)h(t)m | |
13901 | (yp)s(e)f(of)g(host)h(Bash)f(will)h(run)d(on.)58 b(Usually)37 | |
17345e5a | 13902 | b Fs(configure)d Ft(can)i(\014gure)g(that)g(out,)150 |
0001803f | 13903 | 5340 y(but)c(if)h(it)g(prin)m(ts)g(a)g(message)h(sa)m(ying)g(it)f(can)h |
17345e5a | 13904 | (not)f(guess)g(the)g(host)g(t)m(yp)s(e,)h(giv)m(e)g(it)f(the)h(`)p |
0001803f | 13905 | Fs(--host=TYPE)p Ft(')p eop end |
495aee44 CR |
13906 | %%Page: 133 139 |
13907 | TeXDict begin 133 138 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 | |
13908 | b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(133)150 299 y(option.)39 | |
0001803f CR |
13909 | b(`)p Fs(TYPE)p Ft(')25 b(can)g(either)g(b)s(e)g(a)g(short)g(name)g |
13910 | (for)g(the)g(system)g(t)m(yp)s(e,)h(suc)m(h)f(as)g(`)p | |
13911 | Fs(sun4)p Ft(',)h(or)f(a)g(canonical)150 408 y(name)30 | |
13912 | b(with)g(three)h(\014elds:)40 b(`)p Fs(CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM)p | |
13913 | Ft(')26 b(\(e.g.,)32 b(`)p Fs(i386-unknown-freebsd4.2)p | |
13914 | Ft('\).)275 539 y(See)e(the)h(\014le)f(`)p Fs(support/config.sub)p | |
13915 | Ft(')c(for)k(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)h(eac)m(h)g | |
13916 | (\014eld.)150 764 y Fr(10.6)68 b(Sharing)45 b(Defaults)150 | |
13917 | 924 y Ft(If)d(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)f(set)h(default)f(v)-5 | |
13918 | b(alues)43 b(for)g Fs(configure)d Ft(scripts)j(to)h(share,)i(y)m(ou)d | |
13919 | (can)g(create)i(a)e(site)150 1033 y(shell)48 b(script)f(called)i | |
13920 | Fs(config.site)44 b Ft(that)k(giv)m(es)h(default)f(v)-5 | |
13921 | b(alues)48 b(for)f(v)-5 b(ariables)48 b(lik)m(e)h Fs(CC)p | |
13922 | Ft(,)j Fs(cache_)150 1143 y(file)p Ft(,)43 b(and)e Fs(prefix)p | |
13923 | Ft(.)73 b Fs(configure)39 b Ft(lo)s(oks)j(for)f(`)p Fs | |
13924 | (PREFIX/share/config.site)p Ft(')35 b(if)42 b(it)g(exists,)j(then)150 | |
13925 | 1252 y(`)p Fs(PREFIX/etc/config.site)p Ft(')20 b(if)26 | |
13926 | b(it)g(exists.)40 b(Or,)26 b(y)m(ou)g(can)g(set)g(the)g | |
13927 | Fs(CONFIG_SITE)c Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)k(v)-5 b(ari-)150 | |
13928 | 1362 y(able)40 b(to)g(the)g(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(site)g(script.)67 | |
17345e5a | 13929 | b(A)40 b(w)m(arning:)58 b(the)40 b(Bash)g Fs(configure)c |
0001803f CR |
13930 | Ft(lo)s(oks)k(for)f(a)h(site)150 1472 y(script,)31 b(but)e(not)i(all)g |
13931 | Fs(configure)d Ft(scripts)i(do.)150 1697 y Fr(10.7)68 | |
13932 | b(Op)t(eration)46 b(Con)l(trols)150 1856 y Fs(configure)28 | |
13933 | b Ft(recognizes)k(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(options)f(to)g(con)m(trol)h(ho)m | |
13934 | (w)e(it)h(op)s(erates.)150 2008 y Fs(--cache-file=)p | |
13935 | Fi(file)630 2117 y Ft(Use)k(and)g(sa)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(results)g(of)g | |
17345e5a | 13936 | (the)h(tests)f(in)g Fq(\014le)40 b Ft(instead)35 b(of)h(`)p |
0001803f | 13937 | Fs(./config.cache)p Ft('.)51 b(Set)630 2227 y Fq(\014le)36 |
17345e5a | 13938 | b Ft(to)31 b(`)p Fs(/dev/null)p Ft(')d(to)j(disable)g(cac)m(hing,)h |
0001803f | 13939 | (for)e(debugging)g Fs(configure)p Ft(.)150 2379 y Fs(--help)192 |
17345e5a | 13940 | b Ft(Prin)m(t)30 b(a)h(summary)e(of)i(the)f(options)h(to)g |
0001803f CR |
13941 | Fs(configure)p Ft(,)d(and)i(exit.)150 2531 y Fs(--quiet)150 |
13942 | 2641 y(--silent)150 2750 y(-q)384 b Ft(Do)31 b(not)g(prin)m(t)f | |
17345e5a | 13943 | (messages)h(sa)m(ying)g(whic)m(h)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)g(are)g(b)s(eing)f |
0001803f CR |
13944 | (made.)150 2902 y Fs(--srcdir=)p Fi(dir)630 3012 y Ft(Lo)s(ok)i(for)f |
13945 | (the)h(Bash)g(source)f(co)s(de)h(in)f(directory)h Fq(dir)7 | |
13946 | b Ft(.)44 b(Usually)32 b Fs(configure)d Ft(can)i(deter-)630 | |
13947 | 3121 y(mine)f(that)h(directory)g(automatically)-8 b(.)150 | |
13948 | 3273 y Fs(--version)630 3383 y Ft(Prin)m(t)29 b(the)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)g | |
17345e5a | 13949 | (Auto)s(conf)f(used)g(to)h(generate)h(the)f Fs(configure)d |
0001803f | 13950 | Ft(script,)j(and)f(exit.)275 3535 y Fs(configure)34 b |
17345e5a | 13951 | Ft(also)k(accepts)g(some)g(other,)h(not)e(widely)g(used,)h(b)s |
0001803f | 13952 | (oilerplate)g(options.)61 b(`)p Fs(configure)150 3644 |
17345e5a | 13953 | y(--help)p Ft(')29 b(prin)m(ts)h(the)g(complete)i(list.)150 |
0001803f CR |
13954 | 3869 y Fr(10.8)68 b(Optional)46 b(F)-11 b(eatures)150 |
13955 | 4029 y Ft(The)24 b(Bash)g Fs(configure)e Ft(has)h(a)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e | |
13956 | (of)h(`)p Fs(--enable-)p Fi(feature)11 b Ft(')20 b(options,)26 | |
13957 | b(where)d Fq(feature)30 b Ft(indicates)150 4138 y(an)f(optional)i(part) | |
13958 | e(of)g(Bash.)41 b(There)28 b(are)i(also)g(sev)m(eral)h(`)p | |
13959 | Fs(--with-)p Fi(package)11 b Ft(')25 b(options,)30 b(where)f | |
13960 | Fq(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)150 4248 y Ft(is)32 b(something)h(lik)m(e)h(`)p | |
13961 | Fs(bash-malloc)p Ft(')c(or)i(`)p Fs(purify)p Ft('.)45 | |
13962 | b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(turn)e(o\013)i(the)f(default)h(use)f(of)g(a)h(pac)m(k) | |
13963 | -5 b(age,)35 b(use)150 4357 y(`)p Fs(--without-)p Fi(package)11 | |
13964 | b Ft('.)36 b(T)-8 b(o)29 b(con\014gure)g(Bash)h(without)f(a)g(feature)h | |
13965 | (that)g(is)f(enabled)g(b)m(y)g(default,)h(use)150 4467 | |
13966 | y(`)p Fs(--disable-)p Fi(feature)11 b Ft('.)275 4598 | |
13967 | y(Here)21 b(is)g(a)g(complete)h(list)g(of)f(the)g(`)p | |
13968 | Fs(--enable-)p Ft(')e(and)h(`)p Fs(--with-)p Ft(')g(options)h(that)g | |
13969 | (the)g(Bash)g Fs(configure)150 4707 y Ft(recognizes.)150 | |
13970 | 4859 y Fs(--with-afs)630 4969 y Ft(De\014ne)31 b(if)f(y)m(ou)h(are)f | |
13971 | (using)g(the)h(Andrew)e(File)j(System)e(from)g(T)-8 b(ransarc.)150 | |
13972 | 5121 y Fs(--with-bash-malloc)630 5230 y Ft(Use)31 b(the)g(Bash)f(v)m | |
13973 | (ersion)i(of)e Fs(malloc)f Ft(in)h(the)h(directory)g(`)p | |
13974 | Fs(lib/malloc)p Ft('.)39 b(This)30 b(is)h(not)g(the)630 | |
13975 | 5340 y(same)h Fs(malloc)e Ft(that)j(app)s(ears)e(in)g | |
13976 | Fl(gnu)h Ft(lib)s(c,)g(but)f(an)h(older)f(v)m(ersion)i(originally)g | |
13977 | (deriv)m(ed)p eop end | |
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13978 | %%Page: 134 140 |
13979 | TeXDict begin 134 139 bop 150 -116 a Ft(134)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f | 13980 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(from)h(the)h(4.2)g |
17345e5a JA |
13981 | Fl(bsd)f Fs(malloc)p Ft(.)45 b(This)31 b Fs(malloc)g |
13982 | Ft(is)i(v)m(ery)f(fast,)i(but)e(w)m(astes)h(some)g(space)g(on)630 | |
0001803f | 13983 | 408 y(eac)m(h)g(allo)s(cation.)48 b(This)31 b(option)i(is)f(enabled)g |
17345e5a | 13984 | (b)m(y)g(default.)46 b(The)31 b(`)p Fs(NOTES)p Ft(')g(\014le)h(con)m |
0001803f | 13985 | (tains)i(a)630 518 y(list)29 b(of)f(systems)f(for)h(whic)m(h)g(this)g |
17345e5a | 13986 | (should)e(b)s(e)i(turned)e(o\013,)j(and)f Fs(configure)d |
0001803f CR |
13987 | Ft(disables)j(this)630 628 y(option)j(automatically)i(for)d(a)h(n)m(um) |
13988 | m(b)s(er)e(of)i(systems.)150 798 y Fs(--with-curses)630 | |
13989 | 907 y Ft(Use)h(the)h(curses)e(library)h(instead)g(of)h(the)f(termcap)g | |
17345e5a | 13990 | (library)-8 b(.)46 b(This)32 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(supplied)630 |
0001803f CR |
13991 | 1017 y(if)f(y)m(our)h(system)f(has)g(an)h(inadequate)g(or)f(incomplete) |
13992 | i(termcap)e(database.)150 1187 y Fs(--with-gnu-malloc)630 | |
13993 | 1297 y Ft(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(--with-bash-malloc)p | |
13994 | Ft(.)150 1467 y Fs(--with-installed-readlin)o(e[=)p Fi(P)o(REFI)o(X)11 | |
13995 | b Fs(])630 1576 y Ft(De\014ne)26 b(this)f(to)h(mak)m(e)h(Bash)f(link)f | |
17345e5a | 13996 | (with)g(a)h(lo)s(cally-installed)i(v)m(ersion)e(of)g(Readline)g(rather) |
0001803f | 13997 | 630 1686 y(than)38 b(the)h(v)m(ersion)g(in)g(`)p Fs(lib/readline)p |
17345e5a | 13998 | Ft('.)62 b(This)38 b(w)m(orks)h(only)f(with)h(Readline)g(5.0)h(and)630 |
0001803f | 13999 | 1796 y(later)29 b(v)m(ersions.)40 b(If)28 b Fq(PREFIX)37 |
17345e5a | 14000 | b Ft(is)28 b Fs(yes)f Ft(or)h(not)g(supplied,)f Fs(configure)f |
0001803f | 14001 | Ft(uses)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(of)630 1905 y(the)c(mak)m(e)g(v)-5 |
17345e5a JA |
14002 | b(ariables)25 b Fs(includedir)d Ft(and)h Fs(libdir)p |
14003 | Ft(,)h(whic)m(h)h(are)f(sub)s(directories)g(of)h Fs(prefix)630 | |
0001803f | 14004 | 2015 y Ft(b)m(y)32 b(default,)g(to)h(\014nd)d(the)i(installed)h(v)m |
17345e5a | 14005 | (ersion)f(of)g(Readline)h(if)f(it)g(is)g(not)g(in)g(the)g(standard)630 |
0001803f | 14006 | 2124 y(system)j(include)f(and)g(library)g(directories.)54 |
17345e5a | 14007 | b(If)34 b Fq(PREFIX)43 b Ft(is)35 b Fs(no)p Ft(,)g(Bash)f(links)h(with) |
0001803f | 14008 | f(the)630 2234 y(v)m(ersion)k(in)f(`)p Fs(lib/readline)p |
17345e5a | 14009 | Ft('.)58 b(If)37 b Fq(PREFIX)46 b Ft(is)38 b(set)g(to)g(an)m(y)f(other) |
0001803f | 14010 | h(v)-5 b(alue,)39 b Fs(configure)630 2344 y Ft(treats)27 |
17345e5a | 14011 | b(it)g(as)f(a)h(directory)g(pathname)f(and)f(lo)s(oks)i(for)f(the)g |
0001803f | 14012 | (installed)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)f(Readline)630 2453 y(in)34 |
17345e5a JA |
14013 | b(sub)s(directories)f(of)h(that)h(directory)g(\(include)f(\014les)g(in) |
14014 | g Fq(PREFIX)9 b Ft(/)p Fs(include)32 b Ft(and)i(the)630 | |
0001803f CR |
14015 | 2563 y(library)c(in)g Fq(PREFIX)9 b Ft(/)p Fs(lib)p Ft(\).)150 |
14016 | 2733 y Fs(--with-purify)630 2843 y Ft(De\014ne)23 b(this)g(to)h(use)f | |
17345e5a | 14017 | (the)g(Purify)f(memory)h(allo)s(cation)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(er)g(from)e |
0001803f CR |
14018 | (Rational)i(Soft)m(w)m(are.)150 3013 y Fs(--enable-minimal-config)630 |
14019 | 3122 y Ft(This)e(pro)s(duces)f(a)i(shell)g(with)f(minimal)h(features,)h | |
17345e5a | 14020 | (close)g(to)f(the)g(historical)h(Bourne)e(shell.)275 |
0001803f | 14021 | 3298 y(There)g(are)i(sev)m(eral)g(`)p Fs(--enable-)p |
17345e5a | 14022 | Ft(')d(options)j(that)f(alter)h(ho)m(w)g(Bash)f(is)g(compiled)h(and)e |
0001803f CR |
14023 | (link)m(ed,)j(rather)150 3407 y(than)k(c)m(hanging)h(run-time)f |
14024 | (features.)150 3583 y Fs(--enable-largefile)630 3693 | |
17345e5a | 14025 | y Ft(Enable)76 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(large)h(\014les)f(\()p |
0001803f | 14026 | Fs(http://www.sas.com/standar)o(ds/l)o(arge)o(_)630 3802 |
17345e5a | 14027 | y(file/x_open.20Mar96.html)o Ft(\))23 b(if)28 b(the)g(op)s(erating)h |
0001803f | 14028 | (system)f(requires)g(sp)s(ecial)g(compiler)630 3912 y(options)45 |
17345e5a | 14029 | b(to)g(build)e(programs)h(whic)m(h)g(can)g(access)i(large)f(\014les.)82 |
0001803f | 14030 | b(This)44 b(is)g(enabled)g(b)m(y)630 4021 y(default,)31 |
17345e5a | 14031 | b(if)f(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)f(pro)m(vides)g(large)i(\014le)e |
0001803f | 14032 | (supp)s(ort.)150 4191 y Fs(--enable-profiling)630 4301 |
17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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495aee44 CR |
14050 | %%Page: 135 141 |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
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0001803f CR |
14222 | b(A)81 b(Rep)t(orting)53 b(Bugs)150 533 y Ft(Please)33 |
14223 | b(rep)s(ort)e(all)h(bugs)f(y)m(ou)h(\014nd)e(in)i(Bash.)44 | |
14224 | b(But)32 b(\014rst,)g(y)m(ou)g(should)e(mak)m(e)j(sure)e(that)h(it)g | |
14225 | (really)h(is)f(a)150 643 y(bug,)d(and)g(that)h(it)g(app)s(ears)f(in)g | |
14226 | (the)h(latest)h(v)m(ersion)f(of)g(Bash.)40 b(The)29 b(latest)j(v)m | |
14227 | (ersion)e(of)f(Bash)h(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)150 752 y(a)m(v)-5 | |
14228 | b(ailable)33 b(for)d(FTP)g(from)g Fs(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gn)o(u/ba)o | |
14229 | (sh/)o Ft(.)275 887 y(Once)41 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(determined)f | |
14230 | (that)h(a)f(bug)g(actually)h(exists,)j(use)c(the)g Fs(bashbug)e | |
17345e5a JA |
14231 | Ft(command)i(to)150 996 y(submit)25 b(a)h(bug)g(rep)s(ort.)38 |
14232 | b(If)26 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(\014x,)h(y)m(ou)f(are)g(encouraged) | |
14233 | h(to)f(mail)h(that)f(as)g(w)m(ell!)40 b(Suggestions)150 | |
14234 | 1106 y(and)20 b(`philosophical')j(bug)d(rep)s(orts)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e | |
14235 | (mailed)i(to)g Fs(bug-bash@gnu.org)17 b Ft(or)k(p)s(osted)f(to)i(the)f | |
14236 | (Usenet)150 1215 y(newsgroup)29 b Fs(gnu.bash.bug)p Ft(.)275 | |
14237 | 1350 y(All)i(bug)e(rep)s(orts)h(should)f(include:)225 | |
14238 | 1484 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h | |
14239 | (Bash.)225 1619 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(hardw)m(are)g(and)g(op)s | |
14240 | (erating)g(system.)225 1753 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 | |
14241 | b(compiler)h(used)e(to)i(compile)h(Bash.)225 1888 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14242 | b Ft(A)30 b(description)h(of)f(the)h(bug)f(b)s(eha)m(viour.)225 | |
14243 | 2022 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(A)30 b(short)h(script)f(or)g(`recip)s(e')h(whic) | |
14244 | m(h)f(exercises)i(the)e(bug)g(and)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(repro) | |
14245 | s(duce)e(it.)150 2182 y Fs(bashbug)d Ft(inserts)i(the)h(\014rst)f | |
14246 | (three)g(items)h(automatically)i(in)m(to)f(the)e(template)i(it)f(pro)m | |
14247 | (vides)f(for)g(\014ling)h(a)150 2291 y(bug)h(rep)s(ort.)275 | |
14248 | 2426 y(Please)h(send)f(all)h(rep)s(orts)f(concerning)g(this)h(man)m | |
0001803f | 14249 | (ual)f(to)h Fs(chet.ramey@case.edu)p Ft(.)p eop end |
495aee44 CR |
14250 | %%Page: 140 146 |
14251 | TeXDict begin 140 145 bop eop end | |
14252 | %%Page: 141 147 | |
14253 | TeXDict begin 141 146 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 14254 | b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 |
495aee44 | 14255 | b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(141)150 141 y Fo(App)t(endix)58 |
0001803f CR |
14256 | b(B)81 b(Ma)9 b(jor)54 b(Di\013erences)d(F)-13 b(rom)54 |
14257 | b(The)g(Bourne)1088 299 y(Shell)150 530 y Ft(Bash)26 | |
14258 | b(implemen)m(ts)h(essen)m(tially)g(the)g(same)f(grammar,)h(parameter)f | |
14259 | (and)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(expansion,)g(redirec-)150 | |
14260 | 640 y(tion,)i(and)e(quoting)g(as)h(the)g(Bourne)f(Shell.)40 | |
14261 | b(Bash)27 b(uses)g(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(standard)f(as)i(the)g(sp)s | |
14262 | (eci\014cation)g(of)150 749 y(ho)m(w)34 b(these)h(features)g(are)g(to)g | |
14263 | (b)s(e)f(implemen)m(ted.)53 b(There)34 b(are)h(some)g(di\013erences)g | |
14264 | (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)g(tradi-)150 859 y(tional)e(Bourne)e(shell)h | |
17345e5a JA |
14265 | (and)f(Bash;)i(this)f(section)g(quic)m(kly)h(details)g(the)e |
14266 | (di\013erences)h(of)g(signi\014cance.)46 b(A)150 969 | |
14267 | y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)24 b(of)h(these)h(di\013erences)f(are)h(explained)f | |
14268 | (in)g(greater)h(depth)f(in)g(previous)f(sections.)40 | |
14269 | b(This)25 b(section)150 1078 y(uses)33 b(the)i(v)m(ersion)f(of)g | |
14270 | Fs(sh)f Ft(included)g(in)h(SVR4.2)h(\(the)f(last)h(v)m(ersion)f(of)g | |
14271 | (the)g(historical)i(Bourne)d(shell\))150 1188 y(as)e(the)f(baseline)h | |
14272 | (reference.)225 1322 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)32 b(is)h | |
14273 | Fl(posix)p Ft(-conforman)m(t,)g(ev)m(en)g(where)f(the)g | |
14274 | Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(eci\014cation)h(di\013ers)f(from)g(traditional)330 | |
14275 | 1431 y Fs(sh)e Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(\(see)i(Section)f(6.11)h([Bash)e | |
495aee44 | 14276 | (POSIX)g(Mo)s(de],)h(page)g(86\).)225 1565 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14277 | b Ft(Bash)26 b(has)g(m)m(ulti-c)m(haracter)i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)g |
14278 | (options)f(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)h(page)e | |
495aee44 | 14279 | (73\).)225 1699 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)28 b(has)g(command-line)h |
17345e5a | 14280 | (editing)f(\(see)h(Chapter)f(8)g([Command)f(Line)h(Editing],)i(page)e |
495aee44 | 14281 | (95\))i(and)330 1809 y(the)h Fs(bind)e Ft(builtin.)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14282 | 1943 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)46 b(pro)m(vides)g(a)g(programmable)g(w)m |
14283 | (ord)f(completion)i(mec)m(hanism)f(\(see)h(Section)g(8.6)g([Pro-)330 | |
495aee44 | 14284 | 2052 y(grammable)39 b(Completion],)i(page)e(117\),)i(and)d(builtin)g |
17345e5a JA |
14285 | (commands)f Fs(complete)p Ft(,)h Fs(compgen)p Ft(,)h(and)330 |
14286 | 2162 y Fs(compopt)p Ft(,)29 b(to)i(manipulate)g(it.)225 | |
14287 | 2296 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)26 b(has)f(command)h(history)f(\(see)i | |
14288 | (Section)f(9.1)h([Bash)f(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)30 | |
495aee44 | 14289 | b(page)c(125\))i(and)d(the)330 2405 y Fs(history)k Ft(and)h |
17345e5a JA |
14290 | Fs(fc)g Ft(builtins)g(to)h(manipulate)g(it.)42 b(The)30 |
14291 | b(Bash)h(history)g(list)g(main)m(tains)g(timestamp)330 | |
14292 | 2515 y(information)g(and)e(uses)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 | |
14293 | b(of)f(the)h Fs(HISTTIMEFORMAT)26 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)32 | |
14294 | b(to)f(displa)m(y)f(it.)225 2649 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)48 | |
14295 | b(implemen)m(ts)h Fs(csh)p Ft(-lik)m(e)g(history)f(expansion)g(\(see)h | |
14296 | (Section)g(9.3)h([History)f(In)m(teraction],)330 2759 | |
495aee44 | 14297 | y(page)31 b(127\).)225 2892 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)33 |
17345e5a | 14298 | b(has)g(one-dimensional)h(arra)m(y)f(v)-5 b(ariables)34 |
495aee44 | 14299 | b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)g(82\),)h(and)e(the)330 |
17345e5a JA |
14300 | 3002 y(appropriate)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(expansions)f(and)g |
14301 | (assignmen)m(t)h(syn)m(tax)g(to)g(use)f(them.)67 b(Sev)m(eral)40 | |
14302 | b(of)g(the)330 3112 y(Bash)32 b(builtins)f(tak)m(e)j(options)e(to)h | |
14303 | (act)g(on)e(arra)m(ys.)46 b(Bash)32 b(pro)m(vides)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
14304 | (er)f(of)h(built-in)f(arra)m(y)330 3221 y(v)-5 b(ariables.)225 | |
14305 | 3355 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)37 b Fs($'...)n(')g Ft(quoting)g(syn)m(tax,) | |
14306 | j(whic)m(h)d(expands)f(ANSI-C)h(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(ed)h(c)m | |
14307 | (haracters)g(in)330 3465 y(the)26 b(text)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)g | |
14308 | (single)f(quotes,)i(is)e(supp)s(orted)f(\(see)i(Section)g(3.1.2.4)h | |
14309 | ([ANSI-C)e(Quoting],)330 3574 y(page)31 b(6\).)225 3708 | |
14310 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)69 b(supp)s(orts)e(the)i Fs($"...)n(")g | |
14311 | Ft(quoting)g(syn)m(tax)g(to)h(do)e(lo)s(cale-sp)s(eci\014c)j | |
14312 | (translation)f(of)330 3818 y(the)65 b(c)m(haracters)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een) | |
14313 | f(the)f(double)g(quotes.)145 b(The)65 b(`)p Fs(-D)p Ft(',)74 | |
14314 | b(`)p Fs(--dump-strings)p Ft(',)d(and)330 3927 y(`)p | |
14315 | Fs(--dump-po-strings)p Ft(')27 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)33 | |
14316 | b(options)e(list)h(the)f(translatable)h(strings)f(found)f(in)h(a)g | |
14317 | (script)330 4037 y(\(see)g(Section)h(3.1.2.5)g([Lo)s(cale)g(T)-8 | |
14318 | b(ranslation],)32 b(page)f(7\).)225 4171 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14319 | b Ft(Bash)44 b(implemen)m(ts)g(the)f Fs(!)h Ft(k)m(eyw)m(ord)g(to)g | |
14320 | (negate)h(the)f(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)44 b(of)g(a)g(pip)s(eline)f(\(see) | |
14321 | h(Sec-)330 4281 y(tion)33 b(3.2.2)i([Pip)s(elines],)f(page)g(8\).)49 | |
14322 | b(V)-8 b(ery)33 b(useful)f(when)g(an)h Fs(if)f Ft(statemen)m(t)j(needs) | |
14323 | d(to)i(act)g(only)f(if)330 4390 y(a)k(test)h(fails.)60 | |
14324 | b(The)36 b(Bash)g(`)p Fs(-o)30 b(pipefail)p Ft(')35 b(option)i(to)h | |
14325 | Fs(set)d Ft(will)i(cause)g(a)g(pip)s(eline)g(to)g(return)f(a)330 | |
14326 | 4500 y(failure)31 b(status)f(if)h(an)m(y)f(command)g(fails.)225 | |
14327 | 4634 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)34 b(has)g(the)g Fs(time)f | |
14328 | Ft(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(and)f(command)h(timing)h(\(see)g(Section)g | |
14329 | (3.2.2)g([Pip)s(elines],)330 4743 y(page)g(8\).)52 b(The)33 | |
14330 | b(displa)m(y)i(of)f(the)g(timing)g(statistics)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)e(con)m | |
14331 | (trolled)j(with)e(the)g Fs(TIMEFORMAT)330 4853 y Ft(v)-5 | |
14332 | b(ariable.)225 4987 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)23 b(implemen)m(ts)g(the)h | |
0001803f CR |
14333 | Fs(for)29 b(\(\()h Fi(expr1)39 b Fs(;)30 b Fi(expr2)40 |
14334 | b Fs(;)30 b Fi(expr3)39 b Fs(\)\))23 b Ft(arithmetic)h(for)e(command,)j | |
17345e5a | 14335 | (sim-)330 5096 y(ilar)31 b(to)g(the)g(C)f(language)h(\(see)h(Section)f |
495aee44 | 14336 | (3.2.4.1)i([Lo)s(oping)d(Constructs],)h(page)g(10\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14337 | 5230 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 b(includes)f(the)g Fs(select)f |
14338 | Ft(comp)s(ound)g(command,)i(whic)m(h)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)f(generation)g | |
14339 | (of)g(simple)330 5340 y(men)m(us)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.4.2)i | |
14340 | ([Conditional)e(Constructs],)g(page)g(10\).)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14341 | %%Page: 142 148 |
14342 | TeXDict begin 142 147 bop 150 -116 a Ft(142)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
14343 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)40 |
14344 | b(includes)g(the)g Fs([[)g Ft(comp)s(ound)e(command,)43 | |
14345 | b(whic)m(h)c(mak)m(es)i(conditional)h(testing)f(part)f(of)330 | |
14346 | 408 y(the)f(shell)g(grammar)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.4.2)j([Conditional) | |
14347 | d(Constructs],)i(page)f(10\),)i(including)330 518 y(optional)32 | |
14348 | b(regular)e(expression)g(matc)m(hing.)225 653 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14349 | b Ft(Bash)31 b(pro)m(vides)f(optional)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)i(matc)m | |
14350 | (hing)f(for)e(the)g Fs(case)g Ft(and)f Fs([[)h Ft(constructs.)225 | |
14351 | 789 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)27 b(includes)g(brace)h(expansion)f(\(see)h | |
495aee44 | 14352 | (Section)g(3.5.1)i([Brace)e(Expansion],)g(page)g(19\))h(and)d(tilde)330 |
17345e5a | 14353 | 898 y(expansion)k(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f |
495aee44 | 14354 | (page)h(20\).)225 1034 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)24 b(implemen)m(ts)h |
17345e5a JA |
14355 | (command)e(aliases)j(and)d(the)i Fs(alias)d Ft(and)i |
14356 | Fs(unalias)e Ft(builtins)h(\(see)i(Section)g(6.6)330 | |
495aee44 | 14357 | 1143 y([Aliases],)32 b(page)f(81\).)225 1279 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14358 | b Ft(Bash)32 b(pro)m(vides)g(shell)g(arithmetic,)i(the)e |
14359 | Fs(\(\()g Ft(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.4.2)j([Con-) | |
14360 | 330 1388 y(ditional)d(Constructs],)e(page)i(10\),)g(and)e(arithmetic)i | |
14361 | (expansion)e(\(see)i(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arith-)330 | |
495aee44 | 14362 | 1498 y(metic],)h(page)f(80\).)225 1633 y Fp(\017)60 b |
17345e5a JA |
14363 | Ft(V)-8 b(ariables)31 b(presen)m(t)e(in)g(the)g(shell's)h(initial)g(en) |
14364 | m(vironmen)m(t)g(are)g(automatically)i(exp)s(orted)d(to)h(c)m(hild)330 | |
14365 | 1743 y(pro)s(cesses.)38 b(The)23 b(Bourne)g(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g | |
14366 | (normally)g(do)g(this)g(unless)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariables)24 | |
14367 | b(are)f(explicitly)330 1852 y(mark)m(ed)30 b(using)g(the)h | |
14368 | Fs(export)e Ft(command.)225 1988 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)26 | |
14369 | b(supp)s(orts)d(the)j(`)p Fs(+=)p Ft(')f(assignmen)m(t)i(op)s(erator,)g | |
14370 | (whic)m(h)e(app)s(ends)f(to)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5 | |
14371 | b(ariable)330 2097 y(named)30 b(on)g(the)h(left)g(hand)e(side.)225 | |
14372 | 2233 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)36 b(includes)g(the)g Fl(posix)f | |
14373 | Ft(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)37 b(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(',)h(`)p | |
14374 | Fs(#)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(\045\045)p Ft(')e(and)f(`)p Fs(##)p | |
14375 | Ft(')h(expansions)g(to)g(remo)m(v)m(e)330 2342 y(leading)f(or)f | |
14376 | (trailing)h(substrings)e(from)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(v)-5 | |
14377 | b(alues)35 b(\(see)g(Section)g(3.5.3)g([Shell)g(P)m(arameter)330 | |
495aee44 | 14378 | 2452 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(21\).)225 2587 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14379 | b Ft(The)46 b(expansion)g Fs(${#xx})p Ft(,)j(whic)m(h)d(returns)f(the)i |
14380 | (length)f(of)h Fs(${xx})p Ft(,)i(is)e(supp)s(orted)d(\(see)j(Sec-)330 | |
14381 | 2697 y(tion)31 b(3.5.3)h([Shell)f(P)m(arameter)g(Expansion],)f(page)i | |
495aee44 | 14382 | (21\).)225 2832 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(expansion)g |
17345e5a JA |
14383 | Fs(${var:)p Fq(o\013set)r Fs([:)p Fq(length)p Fs(]})p |
14384 | Ft(,)g(whic)m(h)g(expands)g(to)h(the)g(substring)e(of)i | |
14385 | Fs(var)p Ft('s)e(v)-5 b(alue)330 2942 y(of)43 b(length)g | |
0001803f CR |
14386 | Fq(length)p Ft(,)j(b)s(eginning)c(at)i Fq(o\013set)r |
14387 | Ft(,)j(is)42 b(presen)m(t)h(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5.3)i([Shell)e(P)m | |
495aee44 | 14388 | (arameter)330 3051 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(21\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14389 | 3187 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)21 b(expansion)f Fs(${var/[/])p |
14390 | Fq(pattern)p Fs([/)p Fq(replacemen)m(t)r Fs(]})p Ft(,)i(whic)m(h)e | |
14391 | (matc)m(hes)j Fq(pattern)e Ft(and)f(replaces)330 3296 | |
14392 | y(it)29 b(with)e Fq(replacemen)m(t)32 b Ft(in)c(the)g(v)-5 | |
14393 | b(alue)29 b(of)f Fs(var)p Ft(,)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)31 | |
14394 | b(\(see)e(Section)f(3.5.3)i([Shell)f(P)m(arameter)330 | |
495aee44 | 14395 | 3406 y(Expansion],)h(page)h(21\).)225 3541 y Fp(\017)60 |
0001803f CR |
14396 | b Ft(The)32 b(expansion)g Fs(${!)p Fi(prefix)p Fs(})p |
14397 | Fi(*)40 b Ft(expansion,)32 b(whic)m(h)g(expands)g(to)h(the)f(names)g | |
14398 | (of)h(all)g(shell)f(v)-5 b(ari-)330 3651 y(ables)36 b(whose)f(names)h | |
14399 | (b)s(egin)f(with)g Fq(pre\014x)6 b Ft(,)36 b(is)g(a)m(v)-5 | |
14400 | b(ailable)38 b(\(see)e(Section)h(3.5.3)g([Shell)f(P)m(arameter)330 | |
495aee44 | 14401 | 3761 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(21\).)225 3896 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14402 | b Ft(Bash)22 b(has)f Fq(indirect)j Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)22 |
14403 | b(expansion)g(using)f Fs(${!word})e Ft(\(see)k(Section)f(3.5.3)i | |
495aee44 | 14404 | ([Shell)e(P)m(arameter)330 4006 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(21\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14405 | 4141 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 b(can)f(expand)g(p)s(ositional)h |
14406 | (parameters)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)e Fs($9)h Ft(using)g Fs(${)p | |
0001803f | 14407 | Fi(num)11 b Fs(})p Ft(.)225 4276 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)27 |
17345e5a JA |
14408 | b Fl(posix)g Fs($\(\))g Ft(form)g(of)h(command)g(substitution)f(is)h |
14409 | (implemen)m(ted)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5.4)i([Com-)330 | |
495aee44 | 14410 | 4386 y(mand)38 b(Substitution],)k(page)e(24\),)j(and)38 |
17345e5a JA |
14411 | b(preferred)g(to)i(the)g(Bourne)f(shell's)h Fs(``)e Ft(\(whic)m(h)i(is) |
14412 | f(also)330 4495 y(implemen)m(ted)31 b(for)f(bac)m(kw)m(ards)h | |
14413 | (compatibilit)m(y\).)225 4631 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 | |
14414 | b(has)f(pro)s(cess)g(substitution)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5.6)h([Pro)s | |
495aee44 | 14415 | (cess)f(Substitution],)f(page)h(24\).)225 4766 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14416 | b Ft(Bash)55 b(automatically)j(assigns)e(v)-5 b(ariables)55 |
14417 | b(that)h(pro)m(vide)f(information)h(ab)s(out)f(the)g(curren)m(t)330 | |
14418 | 4876 y(user)40 b(\()p Fs(UID)p Ft(,)i Fs(EUID)p Ft(,)g(and)e | |
14419 | Fs(GROUPS)p Ft(\),)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(host)g(\()p Fs(HOSTTYPE)p | |
14420 | Ft(,)h Fs(OSTYPE)p Ft(,)h Fs(MACHTYPE)p Ft(,)f(and)330 | |
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14422 | (that)h(is)f(running)f(\()p Fs(BASH)p Ft(,)56 b Fs(BASH_VERSION)p | |
14423 | Ft(,)e(and)330 5095 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO)p Ft(\).)37 b(See)31 | |
495aee44 | 14424 | b(Section)g(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(63,)g(for)f |
17345e5a JA |
14425 | (details.)225 5230 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)44 b Fs(IFS)f |
14426 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)45 b(is)f(used)f(to)i(split)f(only)g(the)g(results)g | |
14427 | (of)h(expansion,)i(not)d(all)h(w)m(ords)f(\(see)330 5340 | |
495aee44 | 14428 | y(Section)29 b(3.5.7)h([W)-8 b(ord)29 b(Splitting],)h(page)f(25\).)41 |
17345e5a JA |
14429 | b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h(hole.)p |
14430 | eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14431 | %%Page: 143 149 |
14432 | TeXDict begin 143 148 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 14433 | b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 |
495aee44 | 14434 | b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(143)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14435 | b Ft(Bash)38 b(implemen)m(ts)g(the)g(full)g(set)g(of)g |
14436 | Fl(posix)f Ft(\014lename)h(expansion)g(op)s(erators,)i(including)d | |
0001803f CR |
14437 | Fq(c)m(har-)330 408 y(acter)i(classes)t Ft(,)h Fq(equiv)-5 |
14438 | b(alence)39 b(classes)t Ft(,)h(and)d Fq(collating)j(sym)m(b)s(ols)g | |
14439 | Ft(\(see)f(Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)330 518 y(Expansion],)30 | |
495aee44 | 14440 | b(page)h(25\).)225 660 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)35 b(implemen)m(ts)g |
17345e5a JA |
14441 | (extended)g(pattern)g(matc)m(hing)h(features)f(when)f(the)h |
14442 | Fs(extglob)d Ft(shell)j(option)330 769 y(is)30 b(enabled)h(\(see)g | |
495aee44 | 14443 | (Section)g(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(26\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14444 | 911 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(It)22 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)f |
14445 | (v)-5 b(ariable)23 b(and)f(a)g(function)g(with)g(the)g(same)g(name;)j | |
14446 | Fs(sh)d Ft(do)s(es)g(not)g(separate)330 1021 y(the)31 | |
14447 | b(t)m(w)m(o)g(name)g(spaces.)225 1163 y Fp(\017)60 b | |
14448 | Ft(Bash)30 b(functions)e(are)i(p)s(ermitted)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)s | |
14449 | (cal)g(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(using)f(the)g Fs(local)f | |
14450 | Ft(builtin,)i(and)e(th)m(us)330 1272 y(useful)i(recursiv)m(e)g | |
14451 | (functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(written)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g | |
495aee44 | 14452 | (Builtins],)g(page)h(43\).)225 1414 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(V)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
14453 | b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)e(commands)h(a\013ect)h(only) |
14454 | f(that)g(command,)h(ev)m(en)f(builtins)g(and)330 1524 | |
14455 | y(functions)36 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.4)h([En)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page) | |
495aee44 | 14456 | e(33\).)60 b(In)35 b Fs(sh)p Ft(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 |
17345e5a JA |
14457 | b(assignmen)m(ts)330 1633 y(preceding)30 b(commands)g(are)h(global)h |
14458 | (unless)d(the)i(command)f(is)h(executed)g(from)f(the)g(\014le)h | |
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14460 | i(expansion)f(on)h(\014lenames)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)h(op)s(erands)e | |
14461 | (to)j(input)e(and)330 1885 y(output)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erators)g | |
495aee44 | 14462 | (\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(27\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14463 | 2027 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)29 b(con)m(tains)h(the)f(`)p |
14464 | Fs(<>)p Ft(')f(redirection)i(op)s(erator,)f(allo)m(wing)i(a)e(\014le)g | |
14465 | (to)g(b)s(e)f(op)s(ened)g(for)h(b)s(oth)f(read-)330 2136 | |
14466 | y(ing)35 b(and)f(writing,)i(and)e(the)h(`)p Fs(&>)p Ft(')g(redirection) | |
14467 | g(op)s(erator,)h(for)f(directing)g(standard)f(output)h(and)330 | |
14468 | 2246 y(standard)30 b(error)g(to)h(the)f(same)h(\014le)f(\(see)i | |
495aee44 | 14469 | (Section)f(3.6)g([Redirections],)h(page)g(27\).)225 2388 |
17345e5a JA |
14470 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)21 b(includes)f(the)h(`)p Fs(<<<)p |
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14472 | (e)e(used)g(as)h(the)g(standard)330 2497 y(input)29 b(to)j(a)e | |
14473 | (command.)225 2639 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)29 b(implemen)m(ts)h(the)f(`) | |
0001803f CR |
14474 | p Fs([n]<&)p Fi(word)11 b Ft(')26 b(and)j(`)p Fs([n]>&)p |
14475 | Fi(word)11 b Ft(')26 b(redirection)k(op)s(erators,)g(whic)m(h)e(mo)m(v) | |
17345e5a JA |
14476 | m(e)330 2749 y(one)j(\014le)f(descriptor)g(to)h(another.)225 |
14477 | 2890 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)25 b(treats)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i | |
14478 | (\014lenames)g(sp)s(ecially)g(when)f(they)h(are)g(used)f(in)g | |
14479 | (redirection)i(op)s(erators)330 3000 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(3.6)f | |
495aee44 | 14480 | ([Redirections],)h(page)f(27\).)225 3142 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14481 | b Ft(Bash)33 b(can)f(op)s(en)g(net)m(w)m(ork)i(connections)f(to)h |
14482 | (arbitrary)e(mac)m(hines)h(and)f(services)h(with)f(the)h(redi-)330 | |
14483 | 3251 y(rection)e(op)s(erators)g(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h | |
495aee44 | 14484 | ([Redirections],)g(page)f(27\).)225 3393 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14485 | b Ft(The)29 b Fs(noclobber)e Ft(option)j(is)g(a)m(v)-5 |
14486 | b(ailable)32 b(to)e(a)m(v)m(oid)h(o)m(v)m(erwriting)g(existing)g | |
14487 | (\014les)e(with)h(output)f(redi-)330 3503 y(rection)39 | |
495aee44 | 14488 | b(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)i(page)e(54\).)66 |
17345e5a JA |
14489 | b(The)38 b(`)p Fs(>|)p Ft(')h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)330 |
14490 | 3612 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)h | |
14491 | Fs(noclobber)p Ft(.)225 3754 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)34 | |
14492 | b(Bash)g Fs(cd)g Ft(and)f Fs(pwd)g Ft(builtins)h(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1) | |
495aee44 | 14493 | g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(37\))h(eac)m(h)330 |
17345e5a JA |
14494 | 3864 y(tak)m(e)c(`)p Fs(-L)p Ft(')e(and)g(`)p Fs(-P)p |
14495 | Ft(')g(options)h(to)g(switc)m(h)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(logical)i(and)c | |
14496 | (ph)m(ysical)i(mo)s(des.)225 4006 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)25 | |
14497 | b(allo)m(ws)h(a)g(function)e(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)g(a)g(builtin)e(with)h | |
14498 | (the)g(same)g(name,)i(and)d(pro)m(vides)h(access)h(to)330 | |
14499 | 4115 y(that)34 b(builtin's)f(functionalit)m(y)h(within)f(the)g | |
14500 | (function)g(via)h(the)f Fs(builtin)f Ft(and)g Fs(command)g | |
14501 | Ft(builtins)330 4225 y(\(see)f(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g | |
495aee44 | 14502 | (page)g(43\).)225 4367 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)35 b Fs(command)e |
17345e5a JA |
14503 | Ft(builtin)i(allo)m(ws)i(selectiv)m(e)h(disabling)e(of)f(functions)g |
14504 | (when)g(command)g(lo)s(okup)g(is)330 4476 y(p)s(erformed)29 | |
495aee44 | 14505 | b(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)f(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14506 | 4618 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Individual)23 b(builtins)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e |
14507 | (enabled)h(or)g(disabled)g(using)f(the)h Fs(enable)f | |
14508 | Ft(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)330 4728 y([Bash)31 | |
495aee44 | 14509 | b(Builtins],)g(page)g(43\).)225 4869 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)26 |
17345e5a JA |
14510 | b(Bash)h Fs(exec)e Ft(builtin)h(tak)m(es)i(additional)f(options)g(that) |
14511 | g(allo)m(w)h(users)d(to)j(con)m(trol)g(the)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)330 | |
14512 | 4979 y(of)35 b(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(passed)f(to)h(the)g(executed)g | |
14513 | (command,)h(and)d(what)i(the)f(zeroth)h(argumen)m(t)330 | |
14514 | 5089 y(to)c(the)g(command)f(is)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(\(see)h(Section)h(4.1)f | |
495aee44 | 14515 | ([Bourne)f(Shell)h(Builtins],)g(page)g(37\).)225 5230 |
17345e5a JA |
14516 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Shell)29 b(functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(exp)s(orted)g |
14517 | (to)h(c)m(hildren)f(via)h(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(using)f | |
14518 | Fs(export)f(-f)h Ft(\(see)330 5340 y(Section)i(3.3)h([Shell)e(F)-8 | |
495aee44 CR |
14519 | b(unctions],)32 b(page)f(15\).)p eop end |
14520 | %%Page: 144 150 | |
14521 | TeXDict begin 144 149 bop 150 -116 a Ft(144)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
14522 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)37 |
14523 | b(Bash)g Fs(export)p Ft(,)h Fs(readonly)p Ft(,)f(and)f | |
14524 | Fs(declare)g Ft(builtins)h(can)g(tak)m(e)i(a)f(`)p Fs(-f)p | |
14525 | Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(act)g(on)330 408 y(shell)26 b(functions,)g(a)h(`)p | |
14526 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')e(option)h(to)h(displa)m(y)f(v)-5 b(ariables)26 | |
14527 | b(with)g(v)-5 b(arious)25 b(attributes)i(set)f(in)f(a)i(format)330 | |
14528 | 518 y(that)g(can)f(b)s(e)f(used)h(as)g(shell)g(input,)h(a)f(`)p | |
14529 | Fs(-n)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)h(v)-5 b(arious)26 | |
14530 | b(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(attributes,)h(and)330 628 y(`)p | |
14531 | Fs(name=value)p Ft(')g(argumen)m(ts)j(to)g(set)g(v)-5 | |
14532 | b(ariable)31 b(attributes)g(and)f(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(sim)m(ultaneously) | |
14533 | -8 b(.)225 765 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)42 b(Bash)h Fs(hash)f | |
14534 | Ft(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)j(a)e(name)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(asso)s(ciated)j(with)d | |
14535 | (an)h(arbitrary)f(\014lename,)330 874 y(ev)m(en)30 b(when)e(that)h | |
14536 | (\014lename)g(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(found)g(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)g(the)g | |
14537 | Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)g(using)f(`)p Fs(hash)h(-p)p Ft(')g(\(see)330 | |
495aee44 | 14538 | 984 y(Section)i(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)h(37\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14539 | 1121 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)27 b(includes)f(a)i Fs(help)d |
14540 | Ft(builtin)i(for)f(quic)m(k)h(reference)h(to)f(shell)g(facilities)i | |
495aee44 | 14541 | (\(see)f(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)330 1230 y(Builtins],)j(page)g(43\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14542 | 1367 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)42 b Fs(printf)g Ft(builtin)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 |
14543 | b(ailable)45 b(to)f(displa)m(y)f(formatted)g(output)g(\(see)h(Section)g | |
495aee44 | 14544 | (4.2)g([Bash)330 1477 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(43\).)225 |
17345e5a | 14545 | 1614 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)26 b(Bash)h Fs(read)f Ft(builtin)g(\(see)i |
495aee44 | 14546 | (Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(43\))g(will)f(read)g(a)g |
17345e5a JA |
14547 | (line)g(ending)330 1724 y(in)f(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(')h(with)f(the)g(`)p |
14548 | Fs(-r)p Ft(')h(option,)h(and)d(will)i(use)f(the)h Fs(REPLY)e | |
14549 | Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(as)g(a)f(default)h(if)f(no)h(non-option)330 | |
14550 | 1833 y(argumen)m(ts)k(are)h(supplied.)42 b(The)30 b(Bash)i | |
14551 | Fs(read)e Ft(builtin)g(also)j(accepts)f(a)g(prompt)e(string)h(with)g | |
14552 | (the)330 1943 y(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')k(option)g(and)f(will)h(use)g | |
14553 | (Readline)g(to)h(obtain)f(the)g(line)g(when)f(giv)m(en)i(the)f(`)p | |
14554 | Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option.)54 b(The)330 2052 y Fs(read)31 | |
14555 | b Ft(builtin)h(also)i(has)e(additional)h(options)g(to)g(con)m(trol)h | |
14556 | (input:)44 b(the)32 b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')h(option)f(will)h(turn)f(o\013) | |
14557 | 330 2162 y(ec)m(hoing)38 b(of)e(input)f(c)m(haracters)j(as)e(they)h | |
14558 | (are)f(read,)i(the)e(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(option)h(will)g(allo)m(w)g | |
14559 | Fs(read)e Ft(to)i(time)330 2271 y(out)c(if)g(input)f(do)s(es)g(not)h | |
14560 | (arriv)m(e)g(within)g(a)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i | |
14561 | (seconds,)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')f(option)i(will)330 | |
14562 | 2381 y(allo)m(w)29 b(reading)e(only)h(a)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(n)m(um)m(b)s | |
14563 | (er)g(of)i(c)m(haracters)h(rather)e(than)g(a)h(full)f(line,)i(and)d | |
14564 | (the)i(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')330 2491 y(option)j(will)g(read)f(un)m(til)g(a) | |
14565 | h(particular)g(c)m(haracter)h(rather)e(than)g(newline.)225 | |
14566 | 2628 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)33 b Fs(return)e Ft(builtin)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s | |
14567 | (e)g(used)f(to)i(ab)s(ort)f(execution)h(of)f(scripts)g(executed)h(with) | |
14568 | f(the)g Fs(.)g Ft(or)330 2737 y Fs(source)c Ft(builtins)g(\(see)j | |
495aee44 | 14569 | (Section)f(4.1)g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(37\).)225 |
17345e5a JA |
14570 | 2874 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)43 b(includes)g(the)g Fs(shopt)f |
14571 | Ft(builtin,)k(for)d(\014ner)f(con)m(trol)j(of)e(shell)h(optional)g | |
14572 | (capabilities)h(\(see)330 2984 y(Section)c(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f | |
495aee44 | 14573 | (Builtin],)k(page)d(57\),)k(and)39 b(allo)m(ws)i(these)f(options)h(to)f |
17345e5a JA |
14574 | (b)s(e)f(set)i(and)330 3093 y(unset)30 b(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m(o)s |
14575 | (cation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)g(page)h | |
495aee44 | 14576 | (73\).)225 3230 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)45 b(has)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)h |
17345e5a JA |
14577 | (optional)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)e(con)m(trollable)j(with)e(the)f |
14578 | Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)330 3340 y(tion)31 | |
495aee44 | 14579 | b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(54\).)225 3477 |
17345e5a JA |
14580 | y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)31 b(`)p Fs(-x)p Ft(')g(\()p Fs(xtrace)p |
14581 | Ft(\))g(option)h(displa)m(ys)f(commands)h(other)f(than)h(simple)f | |
14582 | (commands)g(when)g(p)s(er-)330 3587 y(forming)f(an)g(execution)i(trace) | |
495aee44 | 14583 | f(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(54\).)225 |
17345e5a | 14584 | 3724 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)28 b Fs(test)g Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section) |
495aee44 | 14585 | f(4.1)h([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(37\))g(is)f(sligh)m(tly)h |
17345e5a JA |
14586 | (di\013eren)m(t,)330 3833 y(as)23 b(it)g(implemen)m(ts)f(the)h |
14587 | Fl(posix)f Ft(algorithm,)j(whic)m(h)d(sp)s(eci\014es)g(the)h(b)s(eha)m | |
14588 | (vior)f(based)g(on)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)330 3943 y(of)31 | |
14589 | b(argumen)m(ts.)225 4080 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 b(includes)g(the)h | |
14590 | Fs(caller)d Ft(builtin,)j(whic)m(h)f(displa)m(ys)g(the)g(con)m(text)i | |
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14594 | b(supp)s(orts)330 4299 y(the)31 b(bash)e(debugger.)225 | |
14595 | 4436 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)42 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(\(see)i(Section) | |
495aee44 | 14596 | f(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)47 b(page)c(37\))h(allo)m(ws)g(a)e |
17345e5a JA |
14597 | Fs(DEBUG)330 4545 y Ft(pseudo-signal)c(sp)s(eci\014cation,)i(similar)e |
14598 | (to)g Fs(EXIT)p Ft(.)62 b(Commands)36 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(with)g(a)h | |
14599 | Fs(DEBUG)e Ft(trap)330 4655 y(are)k(executed)g(b)s(efore)f(ev)m(ery)h | |
14600 | (simple)f(command,)j Fs(for)c Ft(command,)k Fs(case)c | |
14601 | Ft(command,)k Fs(select)330 4765 y Ft(command,)35 b(ev)m(ery)g | |
14602 | (arithmetic)g Fs(for)e Ft(command,)i(and)f(b)s(efore)g(the)g(\014rst)f | |
14603 | (command)h(executes)h(in)330 4874 y(a)29 b(shell)g(function.)40 | |
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14605 | (functions)f(unless)g(the)h(function)330 4984 y(has)35 | |
14606 | b(b)s(een)g(giv)m(en)i(the)f Fs(trace)e Ft(attribute)i(or)g(the)g | |
14607 | Fs(functrace)d Ft(option)j(has)f(b)s(een)g(enabled)g(using)330 | |
14608 | 5093 y(the)28 b Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin.)39 b(The)27 b | |
14609 | Fs(extdebug)f Ft(shell)i(option)g(has)f(additional)h(e\013ects)h(on)f | |
14610 | (the)g Fs(DEBUG)e Ft(trap.)330 5230 y(The)21 b Fs(trap)e | |
14611 | Ft(builtin)i(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)j | |
495aee44 | 14612 | (page)e(37\))g(allo)m(ws)g(an)f Fs(ERR)f Ft(pseudo-)330 |
17345e5a JA |
14613 | 5340 y(signal)30 b(sp)s(eci\014cation,)h(similar)f(to)g |
14614 | Fs(EXIT)f Ft(and)g Fs(DEBUG)p Ft(.)39 b(Commands)28 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)h | |
14615 | (with)g(an)g Fs(ERR)g Ft(trap)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14616 | %%Page: 145 151 |
14617 | TeXDict begin 145 150 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 14618 | b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 |
495aee44 | 14619 | b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(145)330 299 y(are)40 b(executed)g(after)g |
17345e5a JA |
14620 | (a)f(simple)h(command)f(fails,)j(with)d(a)h(few)f(exceptions.)68 |
14621 | b(The)39 b Fs(ERR)g Ft(trap)g(is)330 408 y(not)g(inherited)f(b)m(y)h | |
14622 | (shell)g(functions)f(unless)g(the)h Fs(-o)29 b(errtrace)37 | |
14623 | b Ft(option)i(to)g(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)g(is)330 | |
0001803f | 14624 | 518 y(enabled.)330 650 y(The)g Fs(trap)g Ft(builtin)h(\(see)g(Section)h |
495aee44 | 14625 | (4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)i(page)f(37\))g(allo)m(ws)g(a)g |
0001803f | 14626 | Fs(RETURN)330 760 y Ft(pseudo-signal)35 b(sp)s(eci\014cation,)j |
17345e5a | 14627 | (similar)d(to)h Fs(EXIT)e Ft(and)g Fs(DEBUG)p Ft(.)54 |
0001803f | 14628 | b(Commands)34 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)h(an)330 869 y |
17345e5a | 14629 | Fs(RETURN)k Ft(trap)i(are)g(executed)h(b)s(efore)e(execution)i(resumes) |
0001803f | 14630 | e(after)h(a)g(shell)g(function)g(or)g(a)g(shell)330 979 |
17345e5a JA |
14631 | y(script)36 b(executed)g(with)g Fs(.)f Ft(or)h Fs(source)e |
14632 | Ft(returns.)56 b(The)35 b Fs(RETURN)f Ft(trap)i(is)g(not)g(inherited)f | |
0001803f | 14633 | (b)m(y)h(shell)330 1088 y(functions)k(unless)h(the)g(function)f(has)h |
17345e5a | 14634 | (b)s(een)f(giv)m(en)i(the)f Fs(trace)e Ft(attribute)j(or)e(the)h |
0001803f CR |
14635 | Fs(functrace)330 1198 y Ft(option)31 b(has)f(b)s(een)g(enabled)g(using) |
14636 | g(the)g Fs(shopt)f Ft(builtin.)225 1330 y Fp(\017)60 | |
17345e5a JA |
14637 | b Ft(The)30 b(Bash)g Fs(type)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(more)g(extensiv)m(e)i |
14638 | (and)d(giv)m(es)j(more)e(information)h(ab)s(out)f(the)g(names)330 | |
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495aee44 | 14640 | (page)f(43\).)225 1571 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)34 b(Bash)h |
17345e5a JA |
14641 | Fs(umask)e Ft(builtin)h(p)s(ermits)g(a)g(`)p Fs(-p)p |
14642 | Ft(')h(option)g(to)g(cause)g(the)g(output)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(displa)m(y)m | |
0001803f | 14643 | (ed)h(in)330 1681 y(the)g(form)g(of)g(a)h Fs(umask)e |
17345e5a | 14644 | Ft(command)h(that)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(reused)f(as)h(input)g(\(see)h |
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495aee44 | 14646 | (37\).)225 1923 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)34 b(implemen)m(ts)h(a)g |
17345e5a JA |
14647 | Fs(csh)p Ft(-lik)m(e)g(directory)f(stac)m(k,)j(and)d(pro)m(vides)g(the) |
14648 | g Fs(pushd)p Ft(,)g Fs(popd)p Ft(,)g(and)g Fs(dirs)330 | |
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495aee44 | 14650 | ([The)f(Directory)h(Stac)m(k],)i(page)d(83\).)56 b(Bash)35 |
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17345e5a | 14652 | g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f Fs(DIRSTACK)f Ft(shell)h(v)-5 |
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17345e5a | 14654 | (ecial)g(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(ed)g(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)h(prompt)e |
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495aee44 | 14656 | (6.9)h([Prin)m(ting)e(a)h(Prompt],)g(page)g(84\).)225 |
0001803f | 14657 | 2515 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)46 b(Bash)h(restricted)g(mo)s(de)f(is)h |
17345e5a | 14658 | (more)f(useful)g(\(see)h(Section)h(6.10)g([The)e(Restricted)i(Shell],) |
495aee44 | 14659 | 330 2625 y(page)31 b(86\);)h(the)f(SVR4.2)g(shell)f(restricted)h(mo)s |
0001803f | 14660 | (de)f(is)h(to)s(o)g(limited.)225 2757 y Fp(\017)60 b |
17345e5a JA |
14661 | Ft(The)30 b Fs(disown)f Ft(builtin)h(can)h(remo)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(job)f |
14662 | (from)g(the)h(in)m(ternal)g(shell)g(job)f(table)i(\(see)f(Section)h | |
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17345e5a | 14664 | (suppress)e(the)i(sending)g(of)g Fs(SIGHUP)e Ft(to)j(a)g(job)f(when)f |
0001803f CR |
14665 | (the)330 2976 y(shell)f(exits)g(as)f(the)h(result)f(of)h(a)f |
14666 | Fs(SIGHUP)p Ft(.)225 3108 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 b(includes)f(a)g(n) | |
17345e5a | 14667 | m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(features)g(to)g(supp)s(ort)d(a)j(separate)g |
0001803f | 14668 | (debugger)f(for)h(shell)f(scripts.)225 3240 y Fp(\017)60 |
17345e5a JA |
14669 | b Ft(The)28 b(SVR4.2)h(shell)f(has)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(privilege-related)g |
14670 | (builtins)e(\()p Fs(mldmode)e Ft(and)i Fs(priv)p Ft(\))f(not)i(presen)m | |
0001803f | 14671 | (t)f(in)330 3350 y(Bash.)225 3482 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 |
17345e5a | 14672 | b(do)s(es)f(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e Fs(stop)g Ft(or)g |
0001803f | 14673 | Fs(newgrp)f Ft(builtins.)225 3613 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 |
17345e5a | 14674 | b(do)s(es)f(not)g(use)g(the)h Fs(SHACCT)d Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)32 |
0001803f | 14675 | b(or)e(p)s(erform)f(shell)i(accoun)m(ting.)225 3745 y |
17345e5a JA |
14676 | Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(SVR4.2)h Fs(sh)f Ft(uses)g(a)g |
14677 | Fs(TIMEOUT)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(lik)m(e)h(Bash)e(uses)g | |
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17345e5a | 14679 | (y)g(b)s(e)f(found)f(in)h(Chapter)f(6)i([Bash)g(F)-8 |
495aee44 | 14680 | b(eatures],)32 b(page)f(73.)150 4127 y Fr(B.1)67 b(Implemen)l(tation)48 |
0001803f CR |
14681 | b(Di\013erences)e(F)-11 b(rom)44 b(The)h(SVR4.2)g(Shell)150 |
14682 | 4287 y Ft(Since)33 b(Bash)h(is)f(a)g(completely)i(new)e(implemen)m | |
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17345e5a JA |
14686 | b(do)s(es)f(not)h(fork)f(a)h(subshell)e(when)h(redirecting)h(in)m(to)h |
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0001803f CR |
14688 | 4638 y(suc)m(h)d(as)h(an)f Fs(if)g Ft(or)g Fs(while)f |
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17345e5a | 14690 | (allo)m(w)h(un)m(balanced)f(quotes.)41 b(The)28 b(SVR4.2)h(shell)g |
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17345e5a JA |
14692 | (at)f Fs(EOF)f Ft(under)g(certain)h(circumstances.)41 |
14693 | b(This)27 b(can)h(b)s(e)g(the)g(cause)g(of)g(some)h(hard-)330 | |
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17345e5a JA |
14695 | b(SVR4.2)h(shell)f(uses)g(a)g(baro)s(que)g(memory)g(managemen)m(t)i(sc) |
14696 | m(heme)e(based)g(on)g(trapping)330 5230 y Fs(SIGSEGV)p | |
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14698 | (with)g Fs(SIGSEGV)e Ft(blo)s(c)m(k)m(ed)k(\(e.g.,)h(b)m(y)d(using)330 | |
14699 | 5340 y(the)31 b Fs(system\(\))d Ft(C)i(library)g(function)g(call\),)i | |
14700 | (it)f(misb)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(badly)-8 b(.)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14701 | %%Page: 146 152 |
14702 | TeXDict begin 146 151 bop 150 -116 a Ft(146)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
14703 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(In)26 |
14704 | b(a)i(questionable)g(attempt)h(at)f(securit)m(y)-8 b(,)29 | |
14705 | b(the)e(SVR4.2)h(shell,)g(when)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(without)g(the)f(`)p | |
14706 | Fs(-p)p Ft(')330 408 y(option,)39 b(will)d(alter)i(its)e(real)h(and)f | |
14707 | (e\013ectiv)m(e)j Fl(uid)d Ft(and)g Fl(gid)h Ft(if)f(they)h(are)f(less) | |
14708 | h(than)f(some)h(magic)330 518 y(threshold)30 b(v)-5 b(alue,)31 | |
14709 | b(commonly)g(100.)42 b(This)29 b(can)i(lead)g(to)g(unexp)s(ected)f | |
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14711 | (not)g(allo)m(w)i(users)e(to)h(trap)f Fs(SIGSEGV)p Ft(,)f | |
14712 | Fs(SIGALRM)p Ft(,)f(or)j Fs(SIGCHLD)p Ft(.)225 787 y | |
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14714 | (the)d Fs(IFS)p Ft(,)h Fs(MAILCHECK)p Ft(,)f Fs(PATH)p | |
14715 | Ft(,)h Fs(PS1)p Ft(,)g(or)f Fs(PS2)g Ft(v)-5 b(ariables)35 | |
14716 | b(to)330 897 y(b)s(e)30 b(unset.)225 1031 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14717 | b Ft(The)30 b(SVR4.2)h(shell)g(treats)g(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(')f(as)h(the)g | |
14718 | (undo)s(cumen)m(ted)e(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)31 b(of)g(`)p | |
14719 | Fs(|)p Ft('.)225 1166 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)37 b(allo)m(ws)h(m)m | |
14720 | (ultiple)f(option)g(argumen)m(ts)g(when)e(it)i(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h | |
14721 | (\()p Fs(-x)30 b(-v)p Ft(\);)40 b(the)c(SVR4.2)i(shell)330 | |
14722 | 1275 y(allo)m(ws)c(only)f(one)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g(\()p | |
14723 | Fs(-xv)p Ft(\).)47 b(In)32 b(fact,)i(some)f(v)m(ersions)g(of)g(the)g | |
14724 | (shell)f(dump)f(core)330 1385 y(if)f(the)h(second)f(argumen)m(t)h(b)s | |
14725 | (egins)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)225 1519 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14726 | b Ft(The)26 b(SVR4.2)i(shell)f(exits)g(a)g(script)g(if)g(an)m(y)g | |
14727 | (builtin)f(fails;)j(Bash)e(exits)g(a)g(script)g(only)g(if)g(one)g(of)g | |
14728 | (the)330 1629 y Fl(posix)34 b Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)f(fails,)i(and)e | |
14729 | (only)h(for)f(certain)h(failures,)h(as)f(en)m(umerated)g(in)f(the)h | |
14730 | Fl(posix)330 1738 y Ft(standard.)225 1873 y Fp(\017)60 | |
14731 | b Ft(The)30 b(SVR4.2)h(shell)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)f(di\013eren)m(tly)h | |
14732 | (when)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(as)e Fs(jsh)g Ft(\(it)h(turns)e(on)h(job)g | |
14733 | (con)m(trol\).)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14734 | %%Page: 147 153 |
14735 | TeXDict begin 147 152 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 14736 | b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560 |
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0001803f CR |
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17345e5a | 14740 | 635 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)842 632 y(c)817 635 y Fp(\015)e |
0001803f CR |
14741 | Ft(2000,)j(2001,)f(2002,)g(2007,)h(2008)f(F)-8 b(ree)31 |
14742 | b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 b(oundation,)31 b(Inc.)390 745 | |
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14744 | (to)h(cop)m(y)g(and)f(distribute)g(v)m(erbatim)h(copies)390 | |
14745 | 1074 y(of)g(this)f(license)h(do)s(cumen)m(t,)g(but)e(c)m(hanging)j(it)f | |
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17345e5a JA |
14749 | 1450 y(useful)29 b(do)s(cumen)m(t)h Fq(free)36 b Ft(in)29 |
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14754 | b(.)56 b(Secondarily)-8 b(,)36 b(this)f(License)g(preserv)m(es)g(for)f | |
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14756 | y(to)i(get)g(credit)g(for)f(their)g(w)m(ork,)i(while)e(not)g(b)s(eing)g | |
14757 | (considered)g(resp)s(onsible)f(for)h(mo)s(di\014cations)330 | |
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14759 | h(kind)e(of)i(\\cop)m(yleft",)j(whic)m(h)c(means)g(that)h(deriv)-5 | |
14760 | b(ativ)m(e)24 b(w)m(orks)f(of)h(the)f(do)s(cumen)m(t)330 | |
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14762 | (sense.)51 b(It)34 b(complemen)m(ts)h(the)f(GNU)g(General)h(Public)330 | |
14763 | 2240 y(License,)c(whic)m(h)f(is)h(a)f(cop)m(yleft)i(license)g(designed) | |
14764 | e(for)g(free)h(soft)m(w)m(are.)330 2373 y(W)-8 b(e)31 | |
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14769 | 2592 y(pro)m(viding)29 b(the)g(same)g(freedoms)f(that)i(the)f(soft)m(w) | |
14770 | m(are)h(do)s(es.)40 b(But)29 b(this)f(License)i(is)f(not)g(limited)g | |
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14775 | (License)g(principally)f(for)330 2921 y(w)m(orks)f(whose)h(purp)s(ose)d | |
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14780 | y(notice)h(placed)f(b)m(y)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(holder)e(sa)m(ying) | |
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14783 | (a)g(w)m(orld-wide,)h(ro)m(y)m(alt)m(y-free)i(license,)f(unlimited)d | |
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14789 | b(Y)-8 b(ou)26 b(accept)g(the)f(license)h(if)f(y)m(ou)h(cop)m(y)-8 | |
14790 | b(,)27 b(mo)s(dify)d(or)h(distribute)g(the)g(w)m(ork)330 | |
14791 | 3845 y(in)30 b(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(requiring)f(p)s(ermission)f(under)g(cop) | |
14792 | m(yrigh)m(t)j(la)m(w.)330 3978 y(A)i(\\Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 | |
14793 | b(ersion")35 b(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(means)g(an)m(y)g(w)m(ork)f | |
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14795 | (of)h(it,)i(either)e(copied)g(v)m(erbatim,)i(or)d(with)h(mo)s | |
14796 | (di\014cations)f(and/or)h(translated)g(in)m(to)330 4197 | |
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14799 | (the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)330 4440 y(that)c(deals)g(exclusiv)m(ely)h(with)e | |
14800 | (the)g(relationship)h(of)f(the)h(publishers)d(or)i(authors)g(of)h(the)f | |
14801 | (Do)s(cumen)m(t)330 4549 y(to)38 b(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)i(o)m(v)m | |
14802 | (erall)g(sub)5 b(ject)37 b(\(or)h(to)g(related)g(matters\))g(and)f(con) | |
14803 | m(tains)h(nothing)f(that)330 4659 y(could)j(fall)h(directly)g(within)f | |
14804 | (that)h(o)m(v)m(erall)i(sub)5 b(ject.)70 b(\(Th)m(us,)42 | |
14805 | b(if)e(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(is)f(in)g(part)h(a)330 | |
14806 | 4769 y(textb)s(o)s(ok)24 b(of)g(mathematics,)j(a)d(Secondary)f(Section) | |
14807 | h(ma)m(y)g(not)g(explain)g(an)m(y)g(mathematics.\))40 | |
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14809 | (historical)i(connection)f(with)f(the)h(sub)5 b(ject)27 | |
14810 | b(or)g(with)g(related)330 4988 y(matters,)38 b(or)d(of)h(legal,)i | |
14811 | (commercial,)h(philosophical,)f(ethical)f(or)e(p)s(olitical)i(p)s | |
14812 | (osition)f(regarding)330 5097 y(them.)330 5230 y(The)25 | |
14813 | b(\\In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)27 b(Sections")g(are)f(certain)g(Secondary)g | |
14814 | (Sections)g(whose)f(titles)i(are)f(designated,)i(as)330 | |
14815 | 5340 y(b)s(eing)e(those)h(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)27 | |
14816 | b(Sections,)i(in)d(the)h(notice)h(that)f(sa)m(ys)g(that)g(the)g(Do)s | |
14817 | (cumen)m(t)g(is)g(released)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14818 | %%Page: 148 154 |
14819 | TeXDict begin 148 153 bop 150 -116 a Ft(148)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
17345e5a JA |
14820 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)330 299 y(under)26 b(this)i(License.)40 |
14821 | b(If)27 b(a)h(section)h(do)s(es)f(not)f(\014t)h(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h | |
14822 | (de\014nition)e(of)h(Secondary)f(then)h(it)g(is)330 408 | |
14823 | y(not)k(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(designated)g(as)g(In)m(v)-5 | |
14824 | b(arian)m(t.)46 b(The)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(t)i(ma)m(y)f(con)m(tain)i(zero) | |
14825 | e(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)330 518 y(Sections.)39 b(If)25 | |
14826 | b(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)i(do)s(es)e(not)h(iden)m(tify)g(an)m(y)g(In)m(v) | |
14827 | -5 b(arian)m(t)25 b(Sections)h(then)e(there)h(are)g(none.)330 | |
0001803f | 14828 | 669 y(The)36 b(\\Co)m(v)m(er)i(T)-8 b(exts")38 b(are)f(certain)g(short) |
17345e5a | 14829 | g(passages)g(of)g(text)g(that)h(are)f(listed,)i(as)d(F)-8 |
0001803f | 14830 | b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)330 778 y(T)g(exts)26 b(or)f(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er) |
17345e5a | 14831 | j(T)-8 b(exts,)27 b(in)d(the)h(notice)i(that)e(sa)m(ys)h(that)g(the)f |
0001803f | 14832 | (Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(is)f(released)g(under)330 888 y(this)h(License.)40 |
17345e5a JA |
14833 | b(A)25 b(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)29 b(T)-8 b(ext)26 |
14834 | b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(at)i(most)f(5)g(w)m(ords,)g(and)g(a)g(Bac)m(k-Co)m | |
0001803f CR |
14835 | (v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext)26 b(ma)m(y)330 998 y(b)s(e)k(at)h(most)g(25)g(w)m |
14836 | (ords.)330 1148 y(A)36 b(\\T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t")36 b(cop)m(y)g(of)g | |
17345e5a | 14837 | (the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(means)g(a)g(mac)m(hine-readable)h(cop)m(y)-8 |
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17345e5a | 14839 | (eci\014cation)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)38 b(to)f(the)f(general)g |
0001803f | 14840 | (public,)h(that)f(is)g(suitable)g(for)330 1367 y(revising)c(the)g(do)s |
17345e5a | 14841 | (cumen)m(t)f(straigh)m(tforw)m(ardly)i(with)e(generic)i(text)g(editors) |
0001803f | 14842 | f(or)f(\(for)h(images)h(com-)330 1477 y(p)s(osed)23 b(of)h(pixels\))g |
17345e5a | 14843 | (generic)h(pain)m(t)f(programs)g(or)f(\(for)h(dra)m(wings\))g(some)g |
0001803f | 14844 | (widely)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)26 b(dra)m(wing)330 1587 |
17345e5a JA |
14845 | y(editor,)k(and)f(that)g(is)g(suitable)h(for)f(input)f(to)i(text)g |
14846 | (formatters)f(or)g(for)g(automatic)i(translation)f(to)330 | |
0001803f | 14847 | 1696 y(a)d(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)28 b(of)f(formats)g(suitable)h(for)e(input) |
17345e5a | 14848 | g(to)i(text)g(formatters.)40 b(A)27 b(cop)m(y)g(made)g(in)g(an)g |
0001803f | 14849 | (otherwise)330 1806 y(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)37 b(\014le)h(format)g |
17345e5a | 14850 | (whose)f(markup,)i(or)e(absence)h(of)g(markup,)g(has)g(b)s(een)f |
0001803f | 14851 | (arranged)g(to)330 1915 y(th)m(w)m(art)27 b(or)g(discourage)g |
17345e5a | 14852 | (subsequen)m(t)f(mo)s(di\014cation)h(b)m(y)g(readers)f(is)g(not)h(T)-8 |
0001803f | 14853 | b(ransparen)m(t.)39 b(An)27 b(image)330 2025 y(format)35 |
17345e5a JA |
14854 | b(is)f(not)h(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)34 b(if)g(used)g(for)g(an)m(y)g |
14855 | (substan)m(tial)h(amoun)m(t)g(of)g(text.)53 b(A)35 b(cop)m(y)g(that)g | |
0001803f CR |
14856 | (is)330 2134 y(not)c(\\T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t")31 b(is)f(called)i |
14857 | (\\Opaque".)330 2285 y(Examples)53 b(of)g(suitable)h(formats)f(for)g(T) | |
17345e5a | 14858 | -8 b(ransparen)m(t)53 b(copies)h(include)f(plain)g Fl(asci)r(i)g |
0001803f CR |
14859 | Ft(without)330 2395 y(markup,)37 b(T)-8 b(exinfo)36 b(input)f(format,)j |
14860 | (LaT)1759 2414 y(E)1810 2395 y(X)e(input)f(format,)j | |
14861 | Ff(SGML)f Ft(or)f Ff(XML)g Ft(using)g(a)g(publicly)330 | |
14862 | 2504 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)42 b Ff(DTD)p Ft(,)g(and)d | |
14863 | (standard-conforming)h(simple)g Ff(HTML)p Ft(,)g(P)m(ostScript)h(or)f | |
14864 | Ff(PDF)g Ft(designed)330 2614 y(for)e(h)m(uman)g(mo)s(di\014cation.)65 | |
14865 | b(Examples)38 b(of)h(transparen)m(t)f(image)i(formats)e(include)g | |
14866 | Ff(PNG)p Ft(,)h Ff(X)n(CF)330 2724 y Ft(and)h Ff(JPG)p | |
14867 | Ft(.)g(Opaque)h(formats)g(include)f(proprietary)g(formats)h(that)h(can) | |
14868 | f(b)s(e)f(read)g(and)h(edited)330 2833 y(only)54 b(b)m(y)f(proprietary) | |
14869 | h(w)m(ord)f(pro)s(cessors,)59 b Ff(SGML)54 b Ft(or)f | |
14870 | Ff(XML)h Ft(for)g(whic)m(h)f(the)h Ff(DTD)g Ft(and/or)330 | |
14871 | 2943 y(pro)s(cessing)61 b(to)s(ols)h(are)f(not)g(generally)i(a)m(v)-5 | |
14872 | b(ailable,)71 b(and)60 b(the)h(mac)m(hine-generated)j | |
14873 | Ff(HTML)p Ft(,)330 3052 y(P)m(ostScript)31 b(or)f Ff(PDF)h | |
14874 | Ft(pro)s(duced)d(b)m(y)j(some)f(w)m(ord)g(pro)s(cessors)g(for)g(output) | |
14875 | g(purp)s(oses)f(only)-8 b(.)330 3203 y(The)34 b(\\Title)h(P)m(age")i | |
14876 | (means,)e(for)f(a)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)s(o)s(ok,)h(the)f(title)i(page)f | |
14877 | (itself,)h(plus)e(suc)m(h)f(follo)m(wing)330 3313 y(pages)28 | |
14878 | b(as)g(are)g(needed)g(to)g(hold,)g(legibly)-8 b(,)30 | |
14879 | b(the)e(material)h(this)e(License)i(requires)e(to)h(app)s(ear)f(in)h | |
14880 | (the)330 3422 y(title)g(page.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)28 b(w)m(orks)e(in)g | |
14881 | (formats)h(whic)m(h)g(do)f(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)m(y)e(title)j(page)e | |
14882 | (as)g(suc)m(h,)g(\\Title)h(P)m(age")330 3532 y(means)j(the)f(text)i | |
14883 | (near)e(the)h(most)g(prominen)m(t)g(app)s(earance)f(of)h(the)g(w)m | |
14884 | (ork's)g(title,)h(preceding)f(the)330 3641 y(b)s(eginning)f(of)g(the)h | |
14885 | (b)s(o)s(dy)e(of)h(the)h(text.)330 3792 y(The)j(\\publisher")g(means)h | |
14886 | (an)m(y)f(p)s(erson)g(or)h(en)m(tit)m(y)h(that)f(distributes)f(copies)i | |
14887 | (of)e(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)330 3902 y(to)c(the)g(public.)330 | |
14888 | 4052 y(A)f(section)h(\\En)m(titled)g(XYZ")f(means)f(a)h(named)g | |
17345e5a | 14889 | (subunit)e(of)h(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(whose)e(title)i(either)330 |
0001803f | 14890 | 4162 y(is)d(precisely)g(XYZ)g(or)f(con)m(tains)i(XYZ)f(in)f(paren)m |
17345e5a | 14891 | (theses)i(follo)m(wing)g(text)g(that)f(translates)h(XYZ)e(in)330 |
0001803f | 14892 | 4271 y(another)e(language.)40 b(\(Here)26 b(XYZ)f(stands)f(for)h(a)g |
17345e5a | 14893 | (sp)s(eci\014c)g(section)h(name)f(men)m(tioned)h(b)s(elo)m(w,)g(suc)m |
0001803f | 14894 | (h)330 4381 y(as)i(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts",)33 b(\\Dedications",)e |
17345e5a | 14895 | (\\Endorsemen)m(ts",)e(or)f(\\History".\))42 b(T)-8 b(o)29 |
0001803f | 14896 | b(\\Preserv)m(e)330 4491 y(the)34 b(Title")h(of)e(suc)m(h)h(a)g |
17345e5a | 14897 | (section)g(when)f(y)m(ou)h(mo)s(dify)e(the)i(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(means)e |
0001803f CR |
14898 | (that)h(it)g(remains)g(a)330 4600 y(section)e(\\En)m(titled)f(XYZ")g |
14899 | (according)g(to)g(this)g(de\014nition.)330 4751 y(The)c(Do)s(cumen)m(t) | |
17345e5a | 14900 | i(ma)m(y)f(include)f(W)-8 b(arran)m(t)m(y)30 b(Disclaimers)f(next)f(to) |
0001803f | 14901 | g(the)g(notice)h(whic)m(h)e(states)i(that)330 4861 y(this)34 |
17345e5a JA |
14902 | b(License)g(applies)g(to)h(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)52 b(These)33 |
14903 | b(W)-8 b(arran)m(t)m(y)36 b(Disclaimers)f(are)g(considered)e(to)330 | |
0001803f | 14904 | 4970 y(b)s(e)k(included)g(b)m(y)g(reference)h(in)g(this)f(License,)j |
17345e5a | 14905 | (but)d(only)h(as)g(regards)f(disclaiming)i(w)m(arran)m(ties:)330 |
0001803f | 14906 | 5080 y(an)m(y)e(other)g(implication)i(that)e(these)g(W)-8 |
17345e5a | 14907 | b(arran)m(t)m(y)39 b(Disclaimers)f(ma)m(y)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(is)f(v)m(oid)g |
0001803f CR |
14908 | (and)f(has)h(no)330 5189 y(e\013ect)32 b(on)e(the)h(meaning)f(of)h |
14909 | (this)f(License.)199 5340 y(2.)61 b(VERBA)-8 b(TIM)31 | |
14910 | b(COPYING)p eop end | |
495aee44 CR |
14911 | %%Page: 149 155 |
14912 | TeXDict begin 149 154 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 14913 | b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560 |
495aee44 | 14914 | b(149)330 299 y(Y)-8 b(ou)39 b(ma)m(y)f(cop)m(y)h(and)e(distribute)h |
0001803f CR |
14915 | (the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(in)f(an)m(y)g(medium,)h(either)g(commercially)h |
14916 | (or)330 408 y(noncommercially)-8 b(,)48 b(pro)m(vided)42 | |
14917 | b(that)h(this)f(License,)47 b(the)42 b(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)i(notices,)j | |
14918 | (and)42 b(the)h(license)330 518 y(notice)37 b(sa)m(ying)g(this)e | |
14919 | (License)i(applies)e(to)i(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(are)g(repro)s(duced)e | |
14920 | (in)i(all)g(copies,)j(and)330 628 y(that)27 b(y)m(ou)g(add)f(no)h | |
14921 | (other)f(conditions)h(whatso)s(ev)m(er)h(to)f(those)g(of)g(this)f | |
14922 | (License.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(ma)m(y)g(not)g(use)330 | |
14923 | 737 y(tec)m(hnical)35 b(measures)d(to)i(obstruct)f(or)g(con)m(trol)h | |
14924 | (the)f(reading)g(or)g(further)e(cop)m(ying)j(of)f(the)g(copies)330 | |
14925 | 847 y(y)m(ou)25 b(mak)m(e)g(or)g(distribute.)38 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)28 | |
17345e5a | 14926 | b(y)m(ou)d(ma)m(y)g(accept)h(comp)s(ensation)f(in)f(exc)m(hange)j(for)d |
0001803f | 14927 | (copies.)330 956 y(If)32 b(y)m(ou)g(distribute)g(a)h(large)g(enough)f |
17345e5a | 14928 | (n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(copies)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(also)g(follo)m(w)g |
0001803f | 14929 | (the)f(conditions)330 1066 y(in)e(section)i(3.)330 1200 |
17345e5a JA |
14930 | y(Y)-8 b(ou)21 b(ma)m(y)h(also)f(lend)g(copies,)i(under)d(the)h(same)g |
14931 | (conditions)g(stated)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(and)c(y)m(ou)h(ma)m(y)g | |
0001803f CR |
14932 | (publicly)330 1310 y(displa)m(y)31 b(copies.)199 1443 |
14933 | y(3.)61 b(COPYING)30 b(IN)g(QUANTITY)330 1577 y(If)25 | |
17345e5a JA |
14934 | b(y)m(ou)g(publish)f(prin)m(ted)g(copies)i(\(or)g(copies)g(in)f(media)g |
14935 | (that)h(commonly)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(prin)m(ted)f(co)m(v)m(ers\))i(of)330 | |
0001803f | 14936 | 1687 y(the)32 b(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering)e(more)h(than)f |
17345e5a | 14937 | (100,)j(and)d(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)h(license)f(notice)h(requires)330 |
0001803f | 14938 | 1797 y(Co)m(v)m(er)i(T)-8 b(exts,)36 b(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)f(enclose)i |
17345e5a | 14939 | (the)e(copies)h(in)f(co)m(v)m(ers)i(that)f(carry)-8 b(,)36 |
0001803f | 14940 | b(clearly)f(and)f(legibly)-8 b(,)37 b(all)330 1906 y(these)j(Co)m(v)m |
17345e5a JA |
14941 | (er)g(T)-8 b(exts:)59 b(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)41 |
14942 | b(T)-8 b(exts)40 b(on)f(the)g(fron)m(t)g(co)m(v)m(er,)44 | |
14943 | b(and)38 b(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er)k(T)-8 b(exts)40 b(on)330 | |
0001803f | 14944 | 2016 y(the)29 b(bac)m(k)h(co)m(v)m(er.)42 b(Both)30 b(co)m(v)m(ers)h(m) |
17345e5a | 14945 | m(ust)e(also)h(clearly)g(and)f(legibly)h(iden)m(tify)f(y)m(ou)h(as)f |
0001803f | 14946 | (the)h(publisher)330 2125 y(of)k(these)h(copies.)53 b(The)34 |
17345e5a | 14947 | b(fron)m(t)h(co)m(v)m(er)h(m)m(ust)e(presen)m(t)g(the)h(full)f(title)i |
0001803f | 14948 | (with)d(all)j(w)m(ords)d(of)i(the)f(title)330 2235 y(equally)e |
17345e5a JA |
14949 | (prominen)m(t)e(and)g(visible.)43 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(ma)m(y)g(add)g |
14950 | (other)g(material)h(on)f(the)g(co)m(v)m(ers)h(in)e(addition.)330 | |
0001803f | 14951 | 2345 y(Cop)m(ying)36 b(with)g(c)m(hanges)h(limited)g(to)g(the)g(co)m(v) |
17345e5a | 14952 | m(ers,)i(as)d(long)h(as)g(they)f(preserv)m(e)g(the)h(title)g(of)g(the) |
0001803f | 14953 | 330 2454 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(and)e(satisfy)i(these)f(conditions,)j(can)d |
17345e5a | 14954 | (b)s(e)g(treated)h(as)f(v)m(erbatim)h(cop)m(ying)g(in)f(other)330 |
0001803f | 14955 | 2564 y(resp)s(ects.)330 2698 y(If)32 b(the)h(required)f(texts)i(for)e |
17345e5a | 14956 | (either)h(co)m(v)m(er)i(are)e(to)s(o)g(v)m(oluminous)g(to)g(\014t)g |
0001803f | 14957 | (legibly)-8 b(,)35 b(y)m(ou)e(should)f(put)330 2807 y(the)h(\014rst)f |
17345e5a JA |
14958 | (ones)h(listed)g(\(as)h(man)m(y)f(as)g(\014t)g(reasonably\))g(on)g(the) |
14959 | g(actual)h(co)m(v)m(er,)h(and)e(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(the)330 | |
0001803f | 14960 | 2917 y(rest)d(on)m(to)g(adjacen)m(t)h(pages.)330 3051 |
17345e5a JA |
14961 | y(If)27 b(y)m(ou)g(publish)e(or)i(distribute)g(Opaque)f(copies)i(of)f |
14962 | (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ering)f(more)i(than)e(100,)330 | |
0001803f | 14963 | 3160 y(y)m(ou)i(m)m(ust)g(either)h(include)e(a)i(mac)m(hine-readable)g |
17345e5a | 14964 | (T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)28 b(cop)m(y)h(along)g(with)e(eac)m(h)i(Opaque) |
0001803f | 14965 | 330 3270 y(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(or)d(state)h(in)f(or)g(with)g(eac)m(h)h |
17345e5a | 14966 | (Opaque)e(cop)m(y)i(a)g(computer-net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cation)h(from)d |
0001803f | 14967 | (whic)m(h)330 3380 y(the)24 b(general)i(net)m(w)m(ork-using)f(public)e |
17345e5a | 14968 | (has)h(access)i(to)f(do)m(wnload)f(using)g(public-standard)f(net)m(w)m |
0001803f | 14969 | (ork)330 3489 y(proto)s(cols)40 b(a)f(complete)h(T)-8 |
17345e5a | 14970 | b(ransparen)m(t)39 b(cop)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(free)d(of)g |
0001803f | 14971 | (added)f(material.)67 b(If)330 3599 y(y)m(ou)39 b(use)g(the)g(latter)h |
17345e5a | 14972 | (option,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)e(tak)m(e)j(reasonably)e(pruden)m(t)e |
0001803f | 14973 | (steps,)k(when)d(y)m(ou)h(b)s(egin)330 3708 y(distribution)f(of)g |
17345e5a JA |
14974 | (Opaque)g(copies)h(in)e(quan)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(,)43 b(to)38 |
14975 | b(ensure)g(that)h(this)f(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)38 b(cop)m(y)h(will)330 | |
0001803f | 14976 | 3818 y(remain)30 b(th)m(us)g(accessible)i(at)f(the)f(stated)h(lo)s |
17345e5a | 14977 | (cation)h(un)m(til)e(at)h(least)h(one)e(y)m(ear)h(after)g(the)f(last)h |
0001803f | 14978 | (time)330 3927 y(y)m(ou)37 b(distribute)f(an)h(Opaque)f(cop)m(y)i |
17345e5a | 14979 | (\(directly)g(or)e(through)g(y)m(our)h(agen)m(ts)h(or)f(retailers\))h |
0001803f CR |
14980 | (of)f(that)330 4037 y(edition)31 b(to)g(the)g(public.)330 |
14981 | 4171 y(It)k(is)f(requested,)i(but)e(not)h(required,)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g | |
17345e5a | 14982 | (con)m(tact)h(the)f(authors)f(of)h(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(w)m(ell)330 |
0001803f | 14983 | 4281 y(b)s(efore)28 b(redistributing)g(an)m(y)h(large)h(n)m(um)m(b)s |
17345e5a | 14984 | (er)d(of)i(copies,)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(them)f(a)g(c)m(hance)h(to)f(pro)m |
0001803f CR |
14985 | (vide)g(y)m(ou)330 4390 y(with)h(an)g(up)s(dated)f(v)m(ersion)i(of)g |
14986 | (the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)199 4524 y(4.)61 b(MODIFICA)-8 | |
14987 | b(TIONS)330 4658 y(Y)g(ou)26 b(ma)m(y)g(cop)m(y)g(and)f(distribute)g(a) | |
17345e5a | 14988 | h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)26 b(of)g(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(under) |
0001803f | 14989 | e(the)h(conditions)330 4768 y(of)c(sections)h(2)g(and)e(3)h(ab)s(o)m(v) |
17345e5a | 14990 | m(e,)k(pro)m(vided)20 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(release)i(the)e(Mo)s(di\014ed)f |
0001803f | 14991 | (V)-8 b(ersion)22 b(under)d(precisely)330 4877 y(this)29 |
17345e5a JA |
14992 | b(License,)h(with)f(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)30 |
14993 | b(\014lling)f(the)g(role)h(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(th)m(us)f | |
0001803f | 14994 | (licensing)330 4987 y(distribution)k(and)h(mo)s(di\014cation)g(of)h |
17345e5a | 14995 | (the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)35 b(to)g(who)s(ev)m(er)f(p)s |
0001803f | 14996 | (ossesses)f(a)i(cop)m(y)g(of)330 5096 y(it.)41 b(In)30 |
17345e5a | 14997 | b(addition,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f(these)h(things)f(in)g(the)h(Mo)s |
0001803f | 14998 | (di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion:)357 5230 y(A.)60 b(Use)33 |
17345e5a JA |
14999 | b(in)f(the)h(Title)h(P)m(age)g(\(and)f(on)f(the)h(co)m(v)m(ers,)i(if)e |
15000 | (an)m(y\))g(a)g(title)h(distinct)f(from)g(that)g(of)g(the)510 | |
0001803f | 15001 | 5340 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)j(and)d(from)g(those)i(of)f(previous)f(v)m |
17345e5a | 15002 | (ersions)h(\(whic)m(h)g(should,)g(if)g(there)g(w)m(ere)g(an)m(y)-8 |
0001803f | 15003 | b(,)p eop end |
495aee44 CR |
15004 | %%Page: 150 156 |
15005 | TeXDict begin 150 155 bop 150 -116 a Ft(150)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
15006 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)510 299 y(b)s(e)g(listed)h(in)f(the)g(History)h |
15007 | (section)g(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 | |
15008 | b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)h(title)h(as)510 408 y(a)e(previous)f(v)m | |
15009 | (ersion)g(if)h(the)f(original)i(publisher)d(of)h(that)h(v)m(ersion)g | |
15010 | (giv)m(es)h(p)s(ermission.)360 545 y(B.)61 b(List)31 | |
15011 | b(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i(as)d(authors,)h(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s | |
15012 | (ersons)e(or)h(en)m(tities)j(resp)s(onsible)c(for)510 | |
15013 | 655 y(authorship)c(of)h(the)h(mo)s(di\014cations)f(in)g(the)g(Mo)s | |
15014 | (di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h(\014v)m | |
15015 | (e)510 765 y(of)c(the)g(principal)g(authors)f(of)i(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m | |
15016 | (t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f(principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g(few)m | |
15017 | (er)510 874 y(than)30 b(\014v)m(e\),)h(unless)f(they)h(release)g(y)m | |
15018 | (ou)g(from)f(this)g(requiremen)m(t.)359 1011 y(C.)60 | |
15019 | b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g | |
15020 | (publisher)e(of)i(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)32 | |
15021 | b(as)f(the)510 1121 y(publisher.)355 1258 y(D.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)31 | |
15022 | b(all)g(the)g(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(notices)f(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.) | |
15023 | 363 1395 y(E.)60 b(Add)30 b(an)i(appropriate)f(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)i | |
15024 | (notice)f(for)g(y)m(our)f(mo)s(di\014cations)g(adjacen)m(t)i(to)f(the)g | |
15025 | (other)510 1504 y(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g(notices.)365 1641 | |
15026 | y(F.)61 b(Include,)28 b(immediately)h(after)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g | |
15027 | (notices,)h(a)e(license)h(notice)g(giving)g(the)f(public)510 | |
15028 | 1751 y(p)s(ermission)23 b(to)j(use)e(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8 | |
15029 | b(ersion)25 b(under)e(the)i(terms)f(of)h(this)f(License,)j(in)d(the)g | |
15030 | (form)510 1861 y(sho)m(wn)30 b(in)g(the)g(Addendum)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)353 | |
15031 | 1998 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f | |
17345e5a | 15032 | (full)g(lists)g(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(Sections)h(and)e |
0001803f CR |
15033 | (required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 2107 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f |
15034 | (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)g(license)h(notice.)357 2244 | |
17345e5a | 15035 | y(H.)60 b(Include)30 b(an)g(unaltered)g(cop)m(y)h(of)g(this)f(License.) |
0001803f | 15036 | 392 2381 y(I.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)f(section)h(En)m(titled)g |
17345e5a | 15037 | (\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g |
0001803f | 15038 | (item)510 2491 y(stating)d(at)g(least)g(the)g(title,)h(y)m(ear,)g(new)d |
17345e5a | 15039 | (authors,)i(and)e(publisher)f(of)j(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 |
0001803f | 15040 | b(ersion)510 2600 y(as)32 b(giv)m(en)g(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age.)45 |
17345e5a | 15041 | b(If)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(section)i(En)m(titled)f(\\History")h(in)e |
0001803f | 15042 | (the)g(Do)s(cu-)510 2710 y(men)m(t,)37 b(create)f(one)f(stating)h(the)f |
17345e5a | 15043 | (title,)i(y)m(ear,)g(authors,)f(and)e(publisher)f(of)i(the)g(Do)s |
0001803f | 15044 | (cumen)m(t)510 2819 y(as)h(giv)m(en)h(on)f(its)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i |
17345e5a | 15045 | (then)d(add)g(an)g(item)g(describing)g(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8 |
0001803f CR |
15046 | b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2929 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m |
15047 | (tence.)378 3066 y(J.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)g(net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s | |
17345e5a | 15048 | (cation,)i(if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(giv)m(en)f(in)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m |
0001803f | 15049 | (t)h(for)g(public)e(access)j(to)510 3176 y(a)e(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)30 |
17345e5a | 15050 | b(cop)m(y)i(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(and)f(lik)m(ewise)h(the)g(net) |
0001803f | 15051 | m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cations)g(giv)m(en)g(in)510 3285 y(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m |
17345e5a | 15052 | (t)g(for)g(previous)f(v)m(ersions)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(based)f(on.)45 |
0001803f | 15053 | b(These)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(placed)h(in)g(the)510 3395 |
17345e5a JA |
15054 | y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net) |
15055 | m(w)m(ork)h(lo)s(cation)g(for)f(a)h(w)m(ork)f(that)g(w)m(as)h | |
0001803f | 15056 | (published)510 3504 y(at)36 b(least)h(four)e(y)m(ears)i(b)s(efore)e |
17345e5a | 15057 | (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(itself,)h(or)d(if)h(the)g(original)h(publisher) |
0001803f CR |
15058 | d(of)i(the)510 3614 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s |
15059 | (ermission.)354 3751 y(K.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(an)m(y)h(section)f(En)m | |
17345e5a | 15060 | (titled)h(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts")i(or)d(\\Dedications",)k |
0001803f | 15061 | (Preserv)m(e)c(the)g(Title)510 3861 y(of)j(the)f(section,)j(and)d |
17345e5a | 15062 | (preserv)m(e)h(in)f(the)h(section)g(all)h(the)e(substance)h(and)f(tone) |
0001803f | 15063 | h(of)f(eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)510 3970 y(con)m(tributor)k(ac)m(kno)m |
17345e5a | 15064 | (wledgemen)m(ts)i(and/or)d(dedications)h(giv)m(en)h(therein.)368 |
0001803f | 15065 | 4107 y(L.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)36 b(all)g(the)g(In)m(v)-5 |
17345e5a | 15066 | b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(of)f(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(unaltered)f |
0001803f | 15067 | (in)f(their)g(text)i(and)510 4217 y(in)f(their)g(titles.)58 |
17345e5a JA |
15068 | b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5 |
15069 | b(alen)m(t)38 b(are)e(not)g(considered)g(part)g(of)g(the)510 | |
0001803f | 15070 | 4326 y(section)c(titles.)341 4463 y(M.)61 b(Delete)33 |
17345e5a JA |
15071 | b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42 |
15072 | b(Suc)m(h)30 b(a)i(section)f(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(included)510 | |
0001803f CR |
15073 | 4573 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357 |
15074 | 4710 y(N.)60 b(Do)29 b(not)g(retitle)h(an)m(y)e(existing)i(section)f | |
17345e5a | 15075 | (to)g(b)s(e)f(En)m(titled)h(\\Endorsemen)m(ts")g(or)f(to)h(con\015ict)g |
0001803f CR |
15076 | (in)510 4819 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 |
15077 | b(Section.)354 4956 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8 | |
15078 | b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 5121 y(If)h(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g | |
17345e5a | 15079 | (V)-8 b(ersion)34 b(includes)f(new)g(fron)m(t-matter)i(sections)f(or)f |
0001803f | 15080 | (app)s(endices)g(that)h(qualify)330 5230 y(as)28 b(Secondary)g |
17345e5a | 15081 | (Sections)g(and)f(con)m(tain)j(no)d(material)j(copied)e(from)f(the)h |
0001803f | 15082 | (Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)g(at)330 5340 y(y)m(our)k(option)h |
17345e5a | 15083 | (designate)h(some)e(or)h(all)g(of)f(these)h(sections)h(as)e(in)m(v)-5 |
0001803f | 15084 | b(arian)m(t.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(do)f(this,)h(add)f(their)p |
17345e5a | 15085 | eop end |
495aee44 CR |
15086 | %%Page: 151 157 |
15087 | TeXDict begin 151 156 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
17345e5a | 15088 | b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560 |
495aee44 | 15089 | b(151)330 299 y(titles)37 b(to)f(the)f(list)h(of)g(In)m(v)-5 |
0001803f CR |
15090 | b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(in)f(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 |
15091 | b(ersion's)36 b(license)g(notice.)57 b(These)330 408 | |
15092 | y(titles)32 b(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g(distinct)h(from)e(an)m(y)i(other)g | |
15093 | (section)g(titles.)330 551 y(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(ma)m(y)g(add)f(a)g(section) | |
15094 | i(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts",)j(pro)m(vided)c(it)h(con)m(tains)g | |
15095 | (nothing)g(but)330 661 y(endorsemen)m(ts)30 b(of)g(y)m(our)f(Mo)s | |
17345e5a | 15096 | (di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(b)m(y)e(v)-5 b(arious)30 |
0001803f | 15097 | b(parties|for)g(example,)g(statemen)m(ts)i(of)330 770 |
17345e5a JA |
15098 | y(p)s(eer)27 b(review)g(or)g(that)h(the)f(text)i(has)d(b)s(een)h(appro) |
15099 | m(v)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(an)h(organization)h(as)e(the)h(authoritativ)m(e)330 | |
0001803f | 15100 | 880 y(de\014nition)i(of)h(a)f(standard.)330 1022 y(Y)-8 |
17345e5a JA |
15101 | b(ou)29 b(ma)m(y)g(add)e(a)i(passage)g(of)g(up)e(to)i(\014v)m(e)g(w)m |
15102 | (ords)e(as)i(a)g(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)30 b(T)-8 | |
0001803f | 15103 | b(ext,)30 b(and)e(a)g(passage)i(of)e(up)330 1132 y(to)g(25)g(w)m(ords)e |
17345e5a JA |
15104 | (as)i(a)f(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext,)29 b(to)f(the)f(end)f(of)i |
15105 | (the)f(list)h(of)f(Co)m(v)m(er)h(T)-8 b(exts)27 b(in)g(the)h(Mo)s | |
0001803f | 15106 | (di\014ed)330 1241 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)58 b(Only)35 b(one)h(passage)h(of)f |
17345e5a | 15107 | (F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)38 b(T)-8 b(ext)36 b(and)g(one)g(of)g(Bac)m |
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17345e5a JA |
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0001803f CR |
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0001803f CR |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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0001803f CR |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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495aee44 CR |
15174 | %%Page: 152 158 |
15175 | TeXDict begin 152 157 bop 150 -116 a Ft(152)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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17345e5a JA |
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0001803f CR |
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495aee44 CR |
15262 | %%Page: 153 159 |
15263 | TeXDict begin 153 158 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
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495aee44 | 15265 | b(153)154 299 y(10.)61 b(FUTURE)30 b(REVISIONS)f(OF)i(THIS)e(LICENSE) |
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0001803f CR |
15440 | 4770 y Fe(exit)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15441 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15442 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15443 | b Fb(38)150 4857 y Fe(export)17 b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
0001803f CR |
15444 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
15445 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 | |
495aee44 | 15446 | b Fb(39)150 5110 y Fr(F)150 5227 y Fe(fc)8 b Fc(:)14 |
0001803f CR |
15447 | b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15448 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15449 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(125)150 5314 |
0001803f CR |
15450 | y Fe(fg)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15451 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15452 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 | |
495aee44 | 15453 | b Fb(92)2025 868 y Fr(G)2025 988 y Fe(getopts)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15454 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15455 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 | 15456 | b Fb(39)2025 1250 y Fr(H)2025 1370 y Fe(hash)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15457 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15458 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15459 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(40)2025 1459 y Fe(help)23 |
0001803f CR |
15460 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15461 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15462 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(48)2025 1549 |
0001803f CR |
15463 | y Fe(history)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15464 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 15465 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(126)2025 1811 |
0001803f CR |
15466 | y Fr(J)2025 1931 y Fe(jobs)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15467 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15468 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15469 | b Fb(92)2025 2193 y Fr(K)2025 2313 y Fe(kill)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15470 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15471 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15472 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(93)2025 2557 y Fr(L)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15473 | 2677 y Fe(let)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
15474 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15475 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 15476 | b Fb(48)2025 2766 y Fe(local)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
0001803f CR |
15477 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
15478 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 15479 | b Fb(48)2025 2856 y Fe(logout)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15480 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15481 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 15482 | b Fb(49)2025 3118 y Fr(M)2025 3238 y Fe(mapfile)15 b |
0001803f CR |
15483 | Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15484 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15485 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(49)2025 3500 y Fr(P)2025 3620 |
0001803f CR |
15486 | y Fe(popd)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15487 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15488 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(84)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15489 | 3710 y Fe(printf)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15490 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15491 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(49)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15492 | 3799 y Fe(pushd)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15493 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15494 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b | |
495aee44 | 15495 | Fb(84)2025 3888 y Fe(pwd)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15496 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15497 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 15498 | b Fb(40)2025 4150 y Fr(R)2025 4270 y Fe(read)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15499 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15500 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15501 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(50)2025 4360 y Fe(readarray)9 |
0001803f CR |
15502 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15503 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 15504 | f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(51)2025 4449 y Fe(readonly)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15505 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15506 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
495aee44 | 15507 | b Fb(40)2025 4538 y Fe(return)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15508 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15509 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 15510 | b Fb(40)2025 4782 y Fr(S)2025 4902 y Fe(set)8 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15511 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15512 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 15513 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(54)2025 4991 |
0001803f CR |
15514 | y Fe(shift)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15515 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15516 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(41)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15517 | 5080 y Fe(shopt)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15518 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15519 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b | |
495aee44 | 15520 | Fb(57)2025 5169 y Fe(source)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15521 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15522 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 15523 | b Fb(51)2025 5259 y Fe(suspend)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15524 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15525 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 CR |
15526 | b Fb(93)p eop end |
15527 | %%Page: 156 162 | |
15528 | TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Ft(156)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
0001803f CR |
15529 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(T)150 428 y Fe(test)23 |
15530 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15531 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15532 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(41)150 522 y |
0001803f CR |
15533 | Fe(times)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15534 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 15535 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 b Fb(42)150 |
0001803f CR |
15536 | 616 y Fe(trap)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15537 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15538 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15539 | b Fb(42)150 709 y Fe(type)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f CR |
15540 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15541 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15542 | b Fb(52)150 803 y Fe(typeset)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f CR |
15543 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15544 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 | 15545 | b Fb(52)2025 299 y Fr(U)2025 415 y Fe(ulimit)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:) |
0001803f CR |
15546 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15547 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15548 | 44 b Fb(52)2025 502 y Fe(umask)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15549 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15550 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 15551 | b Fb(43)2025 590 y Fe(unalias)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15552 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15553 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 | 15554 | b Fb(53)2025 677 y Fe(unset)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
0001803f CR |
15555 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
15556 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 15557 | b Fb(43)2025 910 y Fr(W)2025 1026 y Fe(wait)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15558 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15559 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15560 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(93)150 1259 y Fr(D.2)68 |
0001803f CR |
15561 | b(Index)45 b(of)g(Shell)g(Reserv)l(ed)h(W)-11 b(ords)150 |
15562 | 1495 y(!)150 1612 y Fe(!)15 b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15563 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15564 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15565 | g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(8)150 1855 y Fr([)150 1971 y Fe([[)10 | |
15566 | b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15567 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15568 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(12)150 | |
15569 | 2220 y Fr(])150 2337 y Fe(]])10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
15570 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15571 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15572 | g(:)37 b Fb(12)150 2579 y Fa({)150 2695 y Fe({)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15573 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15574 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15575 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(14)150 2938 y Fa(})150 |
0001803f CR |
15576 | 3054 y Fe(})13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
15577 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15578 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
495aee44 | 15579 | b Fb(14)150 3296 y Fr(C)150 3412 y Fe(case)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15580 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15581 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
15582 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(11)150 3646 y Fr(D)150 |
15583 | 3762 y Fe(do)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15584 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15585 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 | |
15586 | b Fb(10)150 3849 y Fe(done)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15587 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15588 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
15589 | b Fb(10)150 4083 y Fr(E)150 4199 y Fe(elif)23 b Fc(:)13 | |
0001803f CR |
15590 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15591 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
15592 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(10)2025 1495 y Fe(else)23 | |
15593 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15594 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15595 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(10)2025 1586 | |
15596 | y Fe(esac)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15597 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15598 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(11)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15599 | 1838 y Fr(F)2025 1961 y Fe(fi)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15600 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
15601 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15602 | (:)g(:)37 b Fb(10)2025 2052 y Fe(for)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15603 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15604 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15605 | (:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(10)2025 2143 y Fe(function)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g | |
15606 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15607 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
495aee44 | 15608 | b Fb(15)2025 2394 y Fr(I)2025 2518 y Fe(if)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15609 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15610 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15611 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(10)2025 2608 y Fe(in)10 b | |
15612 | Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15613 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15614 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(11)2025 |
0001803f CR |
15615 | 2860 y Fr(S)2025 2983 y Fe(select)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15616 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15617 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
15618 | b Fb(11)2025 3235 y Fr(T)2025 3358 y Fe(then)23 b Fc(:)13 | |
15619 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15620 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15621 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(10)2025 3449 y Fe(time)7 | |
15622 | b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15623 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15624 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 b Fb(8)2025 | |
495aee44 | 15625 | 3701 y Fr(U)2025 3824 y Fe(until)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 15626 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15627 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 |
15628 | b Fb(10)2025 4076 y Fr(W)2025 4199 y Fe(while)21 b Fc(:)13 | |
15629 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15630 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15631 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(10)150 4431 y Fr(D.3)68 b(P)l(arameter)47 | |
15632 | b(and)d(V)-11 b(ariable)46 b(Index)150 4668 y(!)150 4794 | |
15633 | y Fe(!)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15634 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15635 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
15636 | b Fb(18)150 5054 y Fr(#)150 5180 y Fe(#)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15637 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15638 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15639 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)2025 4668 y Fr($)2025 4794 | |
15640 | y Fe($)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15641 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15642 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 | |
15643 | b Fb(18)2025 5067 y Fr(*)2025 5192 y Fe(*)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f CR |
15644 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15645 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 CR |
15646 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(18)p eop end |
15647 | %%Page: 157 163 | |
15648 | TeXDict begin 157 162 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
15649 | b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(157)150 299 y Fr(-)150 415 y Fe(-)13 | |
0001803f CR |
15650 | b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15651 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15652 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)150 |
0001803f CR |
15653 | 649 y Fr(?)150 765 y Fe(?)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15654 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15655 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15656 | (:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)150 999 y Fr(@)150 1115 y Fe(@)13 b |
0001803f CR |
15657 | Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15658 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15659 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)p |
0001803f CR |
15660 | 159 1349 41 6 v 150 1465 a Fe(_)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15661 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15662 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
495aee44 | 15663 | (:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)150 1699 y Fr(0)150 1815 y Fe(0)13 |
0001803f CR |
15664 | b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15665 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15666 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(18)150 |
0001803f CR |
15667 | 2049 y Fr(A)150 2166 y Fe(auto_resume)24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15668 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15669 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(94)150 |
0001803f CR |
15670 | 2409 y Fr(B)150 2525 y Fe(BASH)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15671 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15672 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15673 | b Fb(63)150 2612 y Fe(BASH_ALIASES)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 15674 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 | 15675 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(64)150 2700 |
0001803f CR |
15676 | y Fe(BASH_ARGC)9 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
15677 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15678 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(64)150 2787 y |
0001803f CR |
15679 | Fe(BASH_ARGV)9 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15680 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15681 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(64)150 2874 y Fe(BASH_CMDS)9 |
0001803f CR |
15682 | b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15683 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15684 | g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(64)150 2962 y Fe(BASH_COMMAND)22 |
0001803f CR |
15685 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
15686 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 | |
495aee44 | 15687 | b Fb(64)150 3049 y Fe(BASH_ENV)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15688 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15689 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b | |
495aee44 | 15690 | Fb(64)150 3137 y Fe(BASH_EXECUTION_STRING)13 b Fc(:)18 |
0001803f | 15691 | b(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 15692 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(64)150 3224 y Fe(BASH_LINENO)24 |
0001803f CR |
15693 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15694 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15695 | 48 b Fb(65)150 3311 y Fe(BASH_REMATCH)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 15696 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 | 15697 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(65)150 |
0001803f CR |
15698 | 3399 y Fe(BASH_SOURCE)24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15699 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15700 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(65)150 3486 y Fe(BASH_SUBSHELL)16 |
0001803f CR |
15701 | b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15702 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 | |
495aee44 | 15703 | b Fb(65)150 3573 y Fe(BASH_VERSINFO)16 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 15704 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 15705 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(65)150 3661 y Fe(BASH_VERSION)22 |
0001803f CR |
15706 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
15707 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 | |
495aee44 | 15708 | b Fb(65)150 3748 y Fe(BASH_XTRACEFD)16 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 15709 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 15710 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(65)150 3835 y Fe(BASHOPTS)12 |
0001803f CR |
15711 | b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
15712 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15713 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Fb(64)150 3923 y Fe(BASHPID)15 b |
0001803f CR |
15714 | Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15715 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 15716 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(64)150 4010 y Fe(bell-style)7 |
0001803f CR |
15717 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15718 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 15719 | f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(99)150 4098 y Fe(bind-tty-special-chars)10 |
0001803f | 15720 | b Fc(:)19 b(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 15721 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(99)150 4350 y Fr(C)150 |
0001803f CR |
15722 | 4466 y Fe(CDPATH)17 b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
15723 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15724 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(63)150 |
0001803f CR |
15725 | 4554 y Fe(COLUMNS)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15726 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15727 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(66)150 |
0001803f CR |
15728 | 4641 y Fe(comment-begin)16 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15729 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15730 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(99)150 4728 y Fe(COMP_CWORD)7 |
0001803f CR |
15731 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15732 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 15733 | f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(66)150 4816 y Fe(COMP_KEY)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15734 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15735 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 15736 | b Fb(66)150 4903 y Fe(COMP_LINE)9 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15737 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15738 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b | |
495aee44 | 15739 | Fb(66)150 4991 y Fe(COMP_POINT)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 15740 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 15741 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(66)150 |
0001803f CR |
15742 | 5078 y Fe(COMP_TYPE)9 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
15743 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15744 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(66)150 5165 |
0001803f CR |
15745 | y Fe(COMP_WORDBREAKS)11 b Fc(:)17 b(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15746 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 15747 | g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(66)150 5253 y Fe(COMP_WORDS)7 b Fc(:)15 |
0001803f CR |
15748 | b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15749 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
15750 | 33 b Fb(66)150 5340 y Fe(completion-display-width)28 |
15751 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15752 | (:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(99)2025 299 y Fe(completion-ignore-case)10 | |
15753 | b Fc(:)18 b(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15754 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(99)2025 387 y Fe(completion-map-case)18 | |
15755 | b Fc(:)f(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15756 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(99)2025 474 y | |
15757 | Fe(completion-prefix-display-leng)q(th)25 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15758 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 b Fb(99)2025 562 y Fe(completion-query-items)8 | |
15759 | b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15760 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 b Fb(100)2025 649 y Fe(COMPREPLY)9 | |
15761 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15762 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15763 | f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(67)2025 737 y Fe(convert-meta)17 | |
15764 | b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15765 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
15766 | b Fb(100)2025 825 y Fe(COPROC)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 15767 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15768 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 |
15769 | b Fb(67)2025 1060 y Fr(D)2025 1177 y Fe(DIRSTACK)12 b | |
15770 | Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15771 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15772 | g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(67)2025 1264 y Fe(disable-completion)22 | |
0001803f | 15773 | b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
15774 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)45 b Fb(100)2025 1518 |
15775 | y Fr(E)2025 1635 y Fe(editing-mode)17 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15776 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15777 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(100)2025 1723 y Fe(EMACS)21 | |
15778 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15779 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15780 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(67)2025 1810 y Fe(enable-keypad)14 | |
15781 | b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15782 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 | |
15783 | b Fb(100)2025 1898 y Fe(ENV)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15784 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15785 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15786 | (:)34 b Fb(67)2025 1985 y Fe(EUID)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
0001803f | 15787 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 15788 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15789 | 49 b Fb(67)2025 2073 y Fe(expand-tilde)17 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15790 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15791 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(100)2025 2327 | |
15792 | y Fr(F)2025 2444 y Fe(FCEDIT)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15793 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15794 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
15795 | b Fb(67)2025 2531 y Fe(FIGNORE)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f CR |
15796 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15797 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 CR |
15798 | b Fb(67)2025 2619 y Fe(FUNCNAME)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
15799 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15800 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b | |
15801 | Fb(67)2025 2707 y Fe(FUNCNEST)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15802 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15803 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b | |
15804 | Fb(67)2025 2942 y Fr(G)2025 3059 y Fe(GLOBIGNORE)7 b | |
15805 | Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15806 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15807 | g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(67)2025 3146 y Fe(GROUPS)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15808 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15809 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
15810 | b Fb(68)2025 3381 y Fr(H)2025 3498 y Fe(histchars)9 b | |
15811 | Fc(:)15 b(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15812 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15813 | f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(68)2025 3586 y Fe(HISTCMD)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15814 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
15815 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
15816 | b Fb(68)2025 3674 y Fe(HISTCONTROL)24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 15817 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15818 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(68)2025 |
15819 | 3761 y Fe(HISTFILE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 15820 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 15821 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(68)2025 3849 |
0001803f CR |
15822 | y Fe(HISTFILESIZE)21 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15823 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 15824 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)45 b Fb(68)2025 3936 y Fe(HISTIGNORE)7 |
0001803f CR |
15825 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
15826 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
15827 | g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(68)2025 4024 y Fe(history-preserve-point)8 |
15828 | b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15829 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 b Fb(100)2025 4112 y Fe(history-size)17 | |
15830 | b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15831 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
15832 | b Fb(101)2025 4199 y Fe(HISTSIZE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15833 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15834 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
15835 | b Fb(69)2025 4287 y Fe(HISTTIMEFORMAT)14 b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15836 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
15837 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 b Fb(69)2025 4375 y Fe(HOME)23 | |
0001803f CR |
15838 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
15839 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
15840 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(63)2025 4462 |
15841 | y Fe(horizontal-scroll-mode)8 b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15842 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 | |
15843 | b Fb(101)2025 4550 y Fe(HOSTFILE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15844 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15845 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 | |
15846 | b Fb(69)2025 4637 y Fe(HOSTNAME)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
0001803f CR |
15847 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
15848 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b | |
495aee44 | 15849 | Fb(69)2025 4725 y Fe(HOSTTYPE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
0001803f CR |
15850 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
15851 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b | |
495aee44 | 15852 | Fb(69)2025 4960 y Fr(I)2025 5077 y Fe(IFS)8 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
15853 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
15854 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 15855 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(63)2025 5165 |
0001803f CR |
15856 | y Fe(IGNOREEOF)9 b Fc(:)15 b(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15857 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 CR |
15858 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(69)2025 5252 y |
15859 | Fe(input-meta)24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15860 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15861 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(101)2025 5340 y Fe(INPUTRC)15 | |
0001803f CR |
15862 | b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
15863 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 CR |
15864 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(69)p eop end |
15865 | %%Page: 158 164 | |
15866 | TeXDict begin 158 163 bop 150 -116 a Ft(158)2527 b(Bash)31 | |
15867 | b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fe(isearch-terminators)16 | |
15868 | b Fc(:)h(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15869 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(101)150 536 y Fr(K)150 | |
15870 | 654 y Fe(keymap)15 b Fc(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 15871 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15872 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(101)150 910 |
15873 | y Fr(L)150 1027 y Fe(LANG)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15874 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15875 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
15876 | b Fb(69)150 1115 y Fe(LC_ALL)17 b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15877 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15878 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 | |
15879 | b Fb(69)150 1203 y Fe(LC_COLLATE)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15880 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15881 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(69)150 | |
15882 | 1291 y Fe(LC_CTYPE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15883 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15884 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Fb(70)150 1380 | |
15885 | y Fe(LC_MESSAGES)13 b Fc(:)j(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15886 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15887 | (:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7,)26 b(70)150 1468 y Fe(LC_NUMERIC)7 | |
15888 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15889 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15890 | f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(70)150 1556 y Fe(LINENO)17 b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15891 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15892 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 | |
15893 | b Fb(70)150 1644 y Fe(LINES)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
0001803f CR |
15894 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15895 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 15896 | b Fb(70)150 1881 y Fr(M)150 1998 y Fe(MACHTYPE)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15897 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15898 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 15899 | b Fb(70)150 2087 y Fe(MAIL)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15900 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15901 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 15902 | b Fb(63)150 2175 y Fe(MAILCHECK)9 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15903 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
15904 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b | |
495aee44 | 15905 | Fb(70)150 2263 y Fe(MAILPATH)12 b Fc(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 15906 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
15907 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Fb(63)150 |
15908 | 2351 y Fe(MAPFILE)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15909 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15910 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(70)150 | |
15911 | 2439 y Fe(mark-modified-lines)16 b Fc(:)h(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15912 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 | |
15913 | b Fb(101)150 2527 y Fe(mark-symlinked-directories)16 | |
15914 | b Fc(:)i(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15915 | 42 b Fb(101)150 2615 y Fe(match-hidden-files)23 b Fc(:)13 | |
15916 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15917 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(101)150 2703 y Fe | |
15918 | (menu-complete-display-prefix)11 b Fc(:)19 b(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15919 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(102)150 2791 y Fe(meta-flag)7 | |
15920 | b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 15921 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15922 | g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(101)150 3047 y Fr(O)150 3164 y Fe(OLDPWD)17 |
15923 | b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15924 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15925 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(70)150 3252 y Fe(OPTARG)17 | |
15926 | b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15927 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15928 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(63)150 3340 y Fe(OPTERR)17 | |
15929 | b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15930 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15931 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(70)150 3428 y Fe(OPTIND)17 | |
15932 | b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15933 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15934 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(63)150 3516 y Fe(OSTYPE)17 | |
15935 | b Fc(:)e(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15936 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15937 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 b Fb(70)150 3604 y Fe(output-meta)22 | |
15938 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
15939 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)46 | |
15940 | b Fb(102)150 3860 y Fr(P)150 3978 y Fe(page-completions)7 | |
15941 | b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15942 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33 b Fb(102)150 | |
15943 | 4066 y Fe(PATH)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15944 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15945 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
15946 | b Fb(63)2025 299 y Fe(PIPESTATUS)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15947 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15948 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(70)2025 | |
15949 | 386 y Fe(POSIXLY_CORRECT)11 b Fc(:)17 b(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15950 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15951 | g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(70)2025 473 y Fe(PPID)23 b Fc(:)13 | |
15952 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15953 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15954 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(70)2025 560 y Fe(PROMPT_COMMAND)14 | |
0001803f CR |
15955 | b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
15956 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 | |
495aee44 CR |
15957 | b Fb(70)2025 648 y Fe(PROMPT_DIRTRIM)14 b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15958 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
15959 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 b Fb(71)2025 735 y Fe(PS1)8 | |
15960 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15961 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15962 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(63)2025 | |
15963 | 822 y Fe(PS2)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15964 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15965 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 | |
15966 | b Fb(63)2025 909 y Fe(PS3)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f CR |
15967 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15968 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 15969 | b Fb(71)2025 996 y Fe(PS4)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
15970 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
15971 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 CR |
15972 | b Fb(71)2025 1083 y Fe(PWD)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
15973 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
15974 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15975 | 34 b Fb(71)2025 1316 y Fr(R)2025 1432 y Fe(RANDOM)17 | |
15976 | b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15977 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15978 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(71)2025 1519 y Fe(READLINE_LINE)16 | |
15979 | b Fc(:)g(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15980 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 | |
15981 | b Fb(71)2025 1606 y Fe(READLINE_POINT)14 b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
0001803f | 15982 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
15983 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 b Fb(71)2025 1694 y Fe(REPLY)21 |
15984 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15985 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15986 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(71)2025 1781 y Fe | |
15987 | (revert-all-at-newline)11 b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15988 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 | |
15989 | b Fb(102)2025 2014 y Fr(S)2025 2130 y Fe(SECONDS)15 b | |
15990 | Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15991 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
15992 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(71)2025 2217 y Fe(SHELL)21 b | |
15993 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
15994 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
15995 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(71)2025 2304 y Fe(SHELLOPTS)9 | |
15996 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
15997 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
15998 | f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(71)2025 2391 y Fe(SHLVL)21 b Fc(:)13 | |
0001803f CR |
15999 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
16000 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
16001 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b Fb(71)2025 2478 y Fe(show-all-if-ambiguous)11 |
16002 | b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16003 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(102)2025 2565 y Fe | |
16004 | (show-all-if-unmodified)8 b Fc(:)18 b(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16005 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 b | |
16006 | Fb(102)2025 2653 y Fe(skip-completed-text)16 b Fc(:)h(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
0001803f | 16007 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16008 | g(:)43 b Fb(102)2025 2904 y Fr(T)2025 3020 y Fe(TEXTDOMAIN)9 |
16009 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16010 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16011 | h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fb(7)2025 3107 y Fe(TEXTDOMAINDIR)21 | |
16012 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16013 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 | |
16014 | b Fb(7)2025 3194 y Fe(TIMEFORMAT)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16015 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16016 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(71)2025 | |
16017 | 3282 y Fe(TMOUT)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16018 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16019 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 b | |
16020 | Fb(72)2025 3369 y Fe(TMPDIR)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16021 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
16022 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
16023 | b Fb(72)2025 3601 y Fr(U)2025 3717 y Fe(UID)8 b Fc(:)13 | |
16024 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16025 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
16026 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(72)2025 3950 | |
16027 | y Fr(V)2025 4066 y Fe(visible-stats)14 b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16028 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16029 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 b Fb(103)150 4299 y Fr(D.4)68 | |
16030 | b(F)-11 b(unction)44 b(Index)150 4535 y(A)150 4661 y | |
16031 | Fe(abort)27 b(\(C-g\))9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16032 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16033 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(114)150 4753 y Fe(accept-line)28 | |
16034 | b(\(Newline)g(or)e(Return\))e Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16035 | (:)g(:)50 b Fb(109)150 4845 y Fe(alias-expand-line)29 | |
16036 | b(\(\))21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16037 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(116)150 | |
16038 | 5122 y Fr(B)150 5248 y Fe(backward-char)29 b(\(C-b\))23 | |
0001803f | 16039 | b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
495aee44 CR |
16040 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)49 b Fb(108)150 5340 y |
16041 | Fe(backward-delete-char)30 b(\(Rubout\))14 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16042 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(110)2025 4535 y Fe | |
16043 | (backward-kill-line)29 b(\(C-x)e(Rubout\))16 b Fc(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16044 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(111)2025 4622 y Fe(backward-kill-word)29 | |
16045 | b(\(M-DEL\))24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
16046 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(111)2025 4710 y Fe(backward-word)28 | |
16047 | b(\(M-b\))c Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16048 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)50 b Fb(108)2025 | |
16049 | 4797 y Fe(beginning-of-history)30 b(\(M-<\))23 b Fc(:)13 | |
16050 | b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
16051 | b Fb(109)2025 4884 y Fe(beginning-of-line)29 b(\(C-a\))13 | |
0001803f | 16052 | b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16053 | g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(108)2025 5136 y Fr(C)2025 5253 y |
16054 | Fe(call-last-kbd-macro)30 b(\(C-x)c(e\))9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16055 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fb(114)2025 | |
16056 | 5340 y Fe(capitalize-word)29 b(\(M-c\))18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16057 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 | |
16058 | b Fb(111)p eop end | |
16059 | %%Page: 159 165 | |
16060 | TeXDict begin 159 164 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
16061 | b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(159)150 299 y Fe(character-search)29 | |
16062 | b(\(C-]\))15 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16063 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(115)150 387 y | |
16064 | Fe(character-search-backward)31 b(\(M-C-]\))23 b Fc(:)13 | |
16065 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(115)150 474 y Fe(clear-screen)28 | |
16066 | b(\(C-l\))8 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16067 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 | |
16068 | b Fb(108)150 562 y Fe(complete)27 b(\(TAB\))20 b Fc(:)13 | |
16069 | b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16070 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(112)150 | |
16071 | 650 y Fe(complete-command)29 b(\(M-!\))15 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16072 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 | |
16073 | b Fb(114)150 738 y Fe(complete-filename)29 b(\(M-/\))13 | |
16074 | b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16075 | g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(113)150 825 y Fe(complete-hostname)29 | |
16076 | b(\(M-@\))13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16077 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(113)150 913 y Fe | |
16078 | (complete-into-braces)30 b(\(M-{\))23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16079 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(114)150 | |
16080 | 1001 y Fe(complete-username)29 b(\(M-~\))13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
16081 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 | |
16082 | b Fb(113)150 1089 y Fe(complete-variable)29 b(\(M-$\))13 | |
16083 | b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16084 | g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(113)150 1176 y Fe(copy-backward-word)30 | |
16085 | b(\(\))18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16086 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)44 b Fb(112)150 1264 | |
0001803f CR |
16087 | y Fe(copy-forward-word)29 b(\(\))21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16088 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 16089 | b Fb(112)150 1352 y Fe(copy-region-as-kill)30 b(\(\))15 |
0001803f | 16090 | b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16091 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(112)150 1606 y Fr(D)150 1724 |
16092 | y Fe(dabbrev-expand)29 b(\(\))11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16093 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16094 | g(:)38 b Fb(114)150 1811 y Fe(delete-char)28 b(\(C-d\))11 | |
0001803f | 16095 | b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16096 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(110)150 |
16097 | 1899 y Fe(delete-char-or-list)30 b(\(\))15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16098 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 |
495aee44 | 16099 | b Fb(113)150 1987 y Fe(delete-horizontal-space)31 b(\(\))22 |
0001803f | 16100 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16101 | 49 b Fb(112)150 2075 y Fe(digit-argument)29 b(\()p Fd(M-0)p |
0001803f | 16102 | Fe(,)e Fd(M-1)p Fe(,)f(...)g Fd(M--)p Fe(\))d Fc(:)13 |
495aee44 | 16103 | b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(112)150 2162 y Fe |
0001803f | 16104 | (display-shell-version)30 b(\(C-x)d(C-v\))16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h |
495aee44 | 16105 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(116)150 2250 y Fe(do-uppercase-version) |
0001803f | 16106 | 30 b(\(M-a,)d(M-b,)f(M-)p Fd(x)9 b Fe(,)27 b(...\))325 |
495aee44 | 16107 | 2337 y Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 16108 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
495aee44 | 16109 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)48 b Fb(114)150 2425 |
0001803f CR |
16110 | y Fe(downcase-word)29 b(\(M-l\))23 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16111 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)49 | |
495aee44 | 16112 | b Fb(111)150 2513 y Fe(dump-functions)29 b(\(\))11 b |
0001803f | 16113 | Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16114 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(115)150 |
16115 | 2600 y Fe(dump-macros)28 b(\(\))19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16116 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16117 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(116)150 2688 y Fe(dump-variables)29 |
0001803f CR |
16118 | b(\(\))11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
16119 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 | |
495aee44 CR |
16120 | b Fb(116)150 2776 y Fe(dynamic-complete-history)31 b(\(M-TAB\))7 |
16121 | b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(114)150 | |
16122 | 3030 y Fr(E)150 3148 y Fe(edit-and-execute-command)e(\(C-xC-e\))23 | |
16123 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(117)150 | |
16124 | 3235 y Fe(end-kbd-macro)29 b(\(C-x)d(\)\))7 b Fc(:)14 | |
0001803f | 16125 | b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16126 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(114)150 3323 y Fe(end-of-history)29 |
0001803f | 16127 | b(\(M->\))21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16128 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(109)150 |
16129 | 3411 y Fe(end-of-line)28 b(\(C-e\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16130 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16131 | g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(108)150 3499 y Fe(exchange-point-and-mark)31 |
0001803f | 16132 | b(\(C-x)26 b(C-x\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 |
495aee44 | 16133 | b Fb(115)150 3753 y Fr(F)150 3870 y Fe(forward-backward-delete-char)32 |
0001803f | 16134 | b(\(\))9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 |
495aee44 | 16135 | b Fb(110)150 3958 y Fe(forward-char)28 b(\(C-f\))8 b |
0001803f | 16136 | Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16137 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(108)150 |
16138 | 4046 y Fe(forward-search-history)c(\(C-s\))17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16139 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(109)150 4134 | |
0001803f CR |
16140 | y Fe(forward-word)28 b(\(M-f\))8 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
16141 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 16142 | (:)35 b Fb(108)150 4378 y Fr(G)150 4495 y Fe(glob-complete-word)30 |
0001803f | 16143 | b(\(M-g\))10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
495aee44 | 16144 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(116)150 4583 y Fe(glob-expand-word)29 |
0001803f | 16145 | b(\(C-x)e(*\))17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 | 16146 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(116)150 4670 y Fe |
0001803f | 16147 | (glob-list-expansions)30 b(\(C-x)d(g\))7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16148 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(116)150 4925 |
16149 | y Fr(H)150 5042 y Fe(history-and-alias-expand-line)f(\(\))7 | |
16150 | b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(116)150 | |
16151 | 5130 y Fe(history-expand-line)d(\(M-^\))8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16152 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 |
495aee44 | 16153 | b Fb(116)150 5217 y Fe(history-search-backward)d(\(\))22 |
0001803f | 16154 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16155 | 49 b Fb(109)150 5305 y Fe(history-search-forward)31 b(\(\))8 |
0001803f | 16156 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 CR |
16157 | (:)g(:)34 b Fb(109)2025 299 y Fr(I)2025 416 y Fe(insert-comment)29 |
16158 | b(\(M-#\))21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
16159 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)47 b Fb(115)2025 | |
16160 | 503 y Fe(insert-completions)29 b(\(M-*\))10 b Fc(:)15 | |
16161 | b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16162 | (:)37 b Fb(113)2025 591 y Fe(insert-last-argument)30 | |
16163 | b(\(M-.)c(or)g(M-_\))18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 | |
16164 | b Fb(116)2025 844 y Fr(K)2025 961 y Fe(kill-line)27 b(\(C-k\))16 | |
16165 | b Fc(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
16166 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b | |
16167 | Fb(111)2025 1048 y Fe(kill-region)28 b(\(\))19 b Fc(:)13 | |
16168 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16169 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)45 b Fb(112)2025 | |
16170 | 1136 y Fe(kill-whole-line)29 b(\(\))8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16171 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
16172 | f(:)g(:)35 b Fb(111)2025 1224 y Fe(kill-word)27 b(\(M-d\))16 | |
16173 | b Fc(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
16174 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)43 b | |
16175 | Fb(111)2025 1467 y Fr(M)2025 1583 y Fe(magic-space)28 | |
16176 | b(\(\))19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16177 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)45 | |
16178 | b Fb(116)2025 1671 y Fe(menu-complete)28 b(\(\))13 b | |
16179 | Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16180 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 b Fb(113)2025 | |
16181 | 1758 y Fe(menu-complete-backward)30 b(\(\))8 b Fc(:)13 | |
16182 | b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 | |
16183 | b Fb(113)2025 2012 y Fr(N)2025 2129 y Fe(next-history)28 | |
0001803f CR |
16184 | b(\(C-n\))8 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16185 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)35 | |
495aee44 CR |
16186 | b Fb(109)2025 2216 y Fe(non-incremental-forward-search)q(-hist)q(ory)d |
16187 | (\(M-n\))2200 2303 y Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
0001803f CR |
16188 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
16189 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b | |
495aee44 CR |
16190 | Fb(109)2025 2391 y Fe(non-incremental-reverse-search)q(-hist)q(ory)32 |
16191 | b(\(M-p\))2200 2478 y Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
0001803f CR |
16192 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
16193 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b | |
495aee44 | 16194 | Fb(109)2025 2713 y Fr(O)2025 2829 y Fe(operate-and-get-next)30 |
0001803f | 16195 | b(\(C-o\))23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 | 16196 | g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(116)2025 2917 y Fe(overwrite-mode)29 |
0001803f CR |
16197 | b(\(\))11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
16198 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 16199 | b Fb(111)2025 3160 y Fr(P)2025 3277 y Fe(possible-command-completions) |
0001803f | 16200 | 32 b(\(C-x)26 b(!\))21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)47 b |
495aee44 | 16201 | Fb(114)2025 3364 y Fe(possible-completions)30 b(\(M-?\))23 |
0001803f | 16202 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16203 | 49 b Fb(113)2025 3452 y Fe(possible-filename-completions)32 |
16204 | b(\(C-x)26 b(/\))18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(113)2025 | |
16205 | 3539 y Fe(possible-hostname-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26 | |
16206 | b(@\))18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(114)2025 3627 y Fe | |
0001803f | 16207 | (possible-username-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26 b(~\))18 |
495aee44 | 16208 | b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(113)2025 3715 y Fe |
0001803f | 16209 | (possible-variable-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26 b($\))18 |
495aee44 | 16210 | b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(113)2025 3802 y Fe(prefix-meta)28 |
0001803f CR |
16211 | b(\(ESC\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
16212 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 16213 | b Fb(115)2025 3890 y Fe(previous-history)29 b(\(C-p\))15 |
0001803f | 16214 | b Fc(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16215 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(109)2025 4143 y Fr(Q)2025 4260 |
0001803f CR |
16216 | y Fe(quoted-insert)28 b(\(C-q)f(or)f(C-v\))19 b Fc(:)14 |
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495aee44 CR |
16232 | b Fb(115)p eop end |
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16278 | (:)46 b Fb(110)2025 1410 y Fe(yank-nth-arg)28 b(\(M-C-y\))22 | |
0001803f | 16279 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
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16280 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)47 b Fb(109)2025 1499 y Fe(yank-pop)27 |
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16282 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)45 | |
16283 | b Fb(112)150 1731 y Fr(D.5)68 b(Concept)45 b(Index)150 | |
16284 | 1991 y(A)150 2109 y Fb(alias)27 b(expansion)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16285 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16286 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)44 b Fb(81)150 2197 | |
16287 | y(arithmetic)26 b(ev)l(aluation)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16288 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16289 | 43 b Fb(80)150 2285 y(arithmetic)26 b(expansion)d Fc(:)13 | |
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16291 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(24)150 2373 y(arithmetic,)27 |
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16293 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)43 | |
16294 | b Fb(80)150 2461 y(arra)n(ys)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
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16296 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)41 | |
16297 | b Fb(82)150 2714 y Fr(B)150 2832 y Fb(bac)n(kground)9 | |
16298 | b Fc(:)j(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
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16300 | (:)g(:)35 b Fb(91)150 2920 y(Bash)26 b(con\014guration)d | |
16301 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16302 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(131)150 | |
16303 | 3008 y(Bash)26 b(installation)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16304 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16305 | g(:)g(:)h(:)46 b Fb(131)150 3096 y(Bourne)26 b(shell)13 | |
16306 | b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16307 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16308 | (:)f(:)40 b Fb(5)150 3184 y(brace)26 b(expansion)20 b | |
16309 | Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
16310 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 | |
16311 | b Fb(19)150 3272 y(builtin)9 b Fc(:)k(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16312 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16313 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 | |
16314 | b Fb(3)150 3509 y Fr(C)150 3627 y Fb(command)26 b(editing)15 | |
16315 | b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
16316 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 | |
16317 | b Fb(96)150 3715 y(command)26 b(execution)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16318 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16319 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(31)150 3803 y(command)26 b(expansion)16 |
0001803f | 16320 | b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16321 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)42 b Fb(31)150 |
16322 | 3891 y(command)26 b(history)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16323 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16324 | g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(125)150 3979 y(command)26 b(searc)n(h)10 |
0001803f CR |
16325 | b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16326 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 | |
495aee44 | 16327 | b Fb(31)150 4067 y(command)26 b(substitution)15 b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 16328 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
495aee44 | 16329 | (:)f(:)g(:)41 b Fb(24)150 4155 y(command)26 b(timing)7 |
0001803f CR |
16330 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16331 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 16332 | b Fb(8)150 4243 y(commands,)26 b(comp)r(ound)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 16333 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16334 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(9)150 4331 y(commands,)26 b(conditional)d |
0001803f | 16335 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16336 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(10)150 4419 y(commands,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16337 | b(grouping)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16338 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 | |
495aee44 | 16339 | b Fb(13)150 4507 y(commands,)26 b(lists)6 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16340 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16341 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(9)150 |
16342 | 4595 y(commands,)26 b(lo)r(oping)16 b Fc(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16343 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16344 | (:)g(:)h(:)42 b Fb(10)150 4683 y(commands,)26 b(pip)r(elines)12 | |
0001803f CR |
16345 | b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
16346 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(8)150 | |
495aee44 | 16347 | 4771 y(commands,)26 b(shell)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16348 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
495aee44 | 16349 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(8)150 4859 y(commands,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16350 | b(simple)17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
16351 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 16352 | b Fb(8)150 4947 y(commen)n(ts,)26 b(shell)7 b Fc(:)15 |
0001803f CR |
16353 | b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16354 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 16355 | b Fb(7)150 5035 y(completion)27 b(builtins)15 b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16356 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 | 16357 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 b Fb(119)150 5123 y(con\014guration)15 |
0001803f CR |
16358 | b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
16359 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)42 | |
495aee44 | 16360 | b Fb(131)150 5211 y(con)n(trol)26 b(op)r(erator)21 b |
0001803f CR |
16361 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16362 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 16363 | b Fb(3)150 5299 y(copro)r(cess)12 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
16364 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
16365 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b | |
495aee44 CR |
16366 | Fb(14)2025 1991 y Fr(D)2025 2112 y Fb(directory)26 b(stac)n(k)c |
16367 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16368 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)49 | |
16369 | b Fb(83)2025 2376 y Fr(E)2025 2497 y Fb(editing)26 b(command)g(lines)13 | |
0001803f | 16370 | b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16371 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)39 b Fb(96)2025 2587 |
0001803f CR |
16372 | y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)12 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16373 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 16374 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fb(33)2025 2677 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16375 | b(arithmetic)e Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16376 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)49 b | |
495aee44 | 16377 | Fb(80)2025 2766 y(ev)n(en)n(t)24 b(designators)14 b Fc(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16378 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16379 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(127)2025 2856 y(execution)25 |
0001803f CR |
16380 | b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16381 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)37 | |
495aee44 | 16382 | b Fb(32)2025 2946 y(exit)25 b(status)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
0001803f CR |
16383 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16384 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(3,)26 | |
495aee44 | 16385 | b(33)2025 3036 y(expansion)20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16386 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16387 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(19)2025 |
16388 | 3126 y(expansion,)26 b(arithmetic)12 b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16389 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
495aee44 | 16390 | f(:)38 b Fb(24)2025 3215 y(expansion,)26 b(brace)10 b |
0001803f CR |
16391 | Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16392 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 | |
495aee44 | 16393 | b Fb(19)2025 3305 y(expansion,)26 b(\014lename)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h |
0001803f | 16394 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16395 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)38 b Fb(25)2025 3395 y(expansion,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16396 | b(parameter)14 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16397 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)40 | |
495aee44 | 16398 | b Fb(21)2025 3485 y(expansion,)26 b(pathname)18 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f | 16399 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16400 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(25)2025 3575 y(expansion,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16401 | b(tilde)8 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16402 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 16403 | g(:)34 b Fb(20)2025 3665 y(expressions,)27 b(arithmetic)7 |
0001803f | 16404 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16405 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(80)2025 3754 |
0001803f CR |
16406 | y(expressions,)27 b(conditional)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16407 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 16408 | b Fb(78)2025 4018 y Fr(F)2025 4139 y Fb(\014eld)15 b |
0001803f CR |
16409 | Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16410 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16411 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)42 b Fb(3)2025 4229 |
0001803f CR |
16412 | y(\014lename)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
16413 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16414 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)42 b Fb(3)2025 | |
495aee44 | 16415 | 4319 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)c Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f | 16416 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 | 16417 | (:)g(:)g(:)49 b Fb(25)2025 4408 y(foreground)23 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
16418 | b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
16419 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16420 | 49 b Fb(91)2025 4498 y(functions,)26 b(shell)21 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
16421 | b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
16422 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 16423 | b Fb(15)2025 4762 y Fr(H)2025 4883 y Fb(history)25 b(builtins)14 |
0001803f CR |
16424 | b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16425 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 | |
495aee44 | 16426 | b Fb(125)2025 4973 y(history)25 b(ev)n(en)n(ts)19 b Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
16427 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16428 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)46 | |
495aee44 | 16429 | b Fb(127)2025 5063 y(history)25 b(expansion)8 b Fc(:)14 |
0001803f | 16430 | b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16431 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)35 b Fb(127)2025 |
16432 | 5152 y(history)25 b(list)c Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
0001803f | 16433 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 | 16434 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(125)2025 5242 |
0001803f CR |
16435 | y(History)-6 b(,)25 b(ho)n(w)h(to)g(use)13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16436 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
16437 | g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(123)p eop end |
16438 | %%Page: 161 167 | |
16439 | TeXDict begin 161 166 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29 | |
16440 | b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(161)150 299 y Fr(I)150 415 y Fb(iden)n(ti\014er) | |
16441 | 22 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16442 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
16443 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)50 b Fb(3)150 502 y(initialization)28 | |
16444 | b(\014le,)e(readline)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16445 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)39 b Fb(98)150 | |
16446 | 589 y(installation)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16447 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16448 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(131)150 676 y(in)n(teraction,)27 |
16449 | b(readline)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16450 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 | |
16451 | b Fb(95)150 764 y(in)n(teractiv)n(e)26 b(shell)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16452 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16453 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)41 b Fb(75,)26 b(76)150 851 y(in)n |
16454 | (ternationalization)14 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
16455 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16456 | 41 b Fb(7)150 1084 y Fr(J)150 1200 y Fb(job)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
0001803f | 16457 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16458 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16459 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)43 b Fb(3)150 1287 y(job)26 b(con)n(trol)13 | |
16460 | b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16461 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)40 | |
16462 | b Fb(3,)26 b(91)150 1537 y Fr(K)150 1653 y Fb(kill)g(ring)21 | |
16463 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16464 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16465 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(97)150 1740 y(killing)27 | |
16466 | b(text)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16467 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16468 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)46 b Fb(97)150 1989 y Fr(L)150 2105 | |
16469 | y Fb(lo)r(calization)14 b Fc(:)i(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16470 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16471 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 b Fb(7)150 2193 | |
16472 | y(login)27 b(shell)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16473 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16474 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(75)150 2442 y | |
16475 | Fr(M)150 2558 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)20 b Fc(:)14 | |
16476 | b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16477 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(26)150 | |
16478 | 2645 y(metac)n(haracter)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
0001803f | 16479 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16480 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)45 b Fb(3)150 2878 y Fr(N)150 |
16481 | 2994 y Fb(name)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16482 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16483 | g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)40 | |
16484 | b Fb(3)150 3081 y(nativ)n(e)25 b(languages)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f | |
16485 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16486 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)150 3169 | |
0001803f CR |
16487 | y(notation,)27 b(readline)9 b Fc(:)k(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16488 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h | |
495aee44 | 16489 | (:)f(:)g(:)35 b Fb(96)150 3418 y Fr(O)150 3534 y Fb(op)r(erator,)27 |
0001803f CR |
16490 | b(shell)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
16491 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16492 | g(:)g(:)43 b Fb(3)150 3784 y Fr(P)150 3900 y Fb(parameter)26 |
0001803f CR |
16493 | b(expansion)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16494 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 | |
495aee44 | 16495 | b Fb(21)150 3987 y(parameters)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f | 16496 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16497 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)43 b Fb(17)150 |
16498 | 4074 y(parameters,)27 b(p)r(ositional)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16499 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 | 16500 | g(:)44 b Fb(17)150 4161 y(parameters,)27 b(sp)r(ecial)18 |
0001803f | 16501 | b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16502 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)44 b Fb(18)150 |
16503 | 4249 y(pathname)25 b(expansion)12 b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16504 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 | 16505 | g(:)38 b Fb(25)150 4336 y(pattern)25 b(matc)n(hing)14 |
0001803f CR |
16506 | b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
16507 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)40 | |
495aee44 | 16508 | b Fb(26)150 4423 y(pip)r(eline)23 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
16509 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16510 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)50 | |
495aee44 | 16511 | b Fb(8)150 4510 y(POSIX)17 b Fc(:)12 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
16512 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16513 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 | |
495aee44 | 16514 | b Fb(3)150 4597 y(POSIX)25 b(Mo)r(de)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
0001803f | 16515 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16516 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(86)150 |
16517 | 4685 y(pro)r(cess)27 b(group)9 b Fc(:)k(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16518 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
495aee44 CR |
16519 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)36 b Fb(3)2025 299 y(pro)r(cess)26 |
16520 | b(group)g(ID)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16521 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16522 | g(:)49 b Fb(3)2025 386 y(pro)r(cess)26 b(substitution)c | |
16523 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
16524 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)48 b Fb(24)2025 | |
16525 | 474 y(programmable)27 b(completion)20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g | |
16526 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)46 | |
16527 | b Fb(117)2025 561 y(prompting)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16528 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16529 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(84)2025 | |
16530 | 811 y Fr(Q)2025 928 y Fb(quoting)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
0001803f CR |
16531 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
16532 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 | |
495aee44 CR |
16533 | b Fb(6)2025 1015 y(quoting,)26 b(ANSI)13 b Fc(:)e(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16534 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16535 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)40 b Fb(6)2025 | |
16536 | 1266 y Fr(R)2025 1382 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g(use)7 | |
0001803f | 16537 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16538 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(94)2025 |
16539 | 1469 y(redirection)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
16540 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g | |
16541 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)33 b Fb(27)2025 1557 | |
0001803f CR |
16542 | y(reserv)n(ed)25 b(w)n(ord)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16543 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 16544 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 b Fb(3)2025 1644 |
0001803f CR |
16545 | y(restricted)26 b(shell)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16546 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16547 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(86)2025 1731 y(return)25 |
0001803f CR |
16548 | b(status)c Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) |
16549 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 16550 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 1965 y Fr(S)2025 2082 y |
0001803f CR |
16551 | Fb(shell)26 b(arithmetic)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
16552 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
495aee44 | 16553 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)37 b Fb(80)2025 2169 y(shell)26 b(function)12 |
0001803f CR |
16554 | b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
16555 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 16556 | b Fb(15)2025 2256 y(shell)26 b(script)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
0001803f CR |
16557 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) |
16558 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b | |
495aee44 | 16559 | Fb(34)2025 2344 y(shell)26 b(v)l(ariable)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) |
0001803f | 16560 | f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g |
495aee44 CR |
16561 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(17)2025 |
16562 | 2431 y(shell,)26 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
0001803f | 16563 | h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
495aee44 | 16564 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)40 b Fb(76)2025 2518 y(signal)7 |
0001803f CR |
16565 | b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16566 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16567 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(4)2025 2606 |
0001803f CR |
16568 | y(signal)27 b(handling)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16569 | (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) | |
495aee44 | 16570 | g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44 b Fb(34)2025 2693 y(sp)r(ecial)27 |
0001803f CR |
16571 | b(builtin)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16572 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16573 | 37 b Fb(4,)26 b(62)2025 2781 y(startup)f(\014les)d Fc(:)13 |
0001803f CR |
16574 | b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16575 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 | |
495aee44 | 16576 | b Fb(75)2025 2868 y(susp)r(ending)25 b(jobs)6 b Fc(:)14 |
0001803f CR |
16577 | b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h |
16578 | (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)33 | |
495aee44 | 16579 | b Fb(91)2025 3118 y Fr(T)2025 3235 y Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)18 |
0001803f CR |
16580 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16581 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 | |
495aee44 | 16582 | b Fb(20)2025 3322 y(tok)n(en)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
0001803f CR |
16583 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
16584 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)38 | |
495aee44 | 16585 | b Fb(4)2025 3409 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)13 |
0001803f | 16586 | b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16587 | g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)2025 3660 y Fr(V)2025 3776 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26 |
0001803f CR |
16588 | b(shell)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16589 | (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) | |
495aee44 | 16590 | f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(17)2025 3864 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)21 |
0001803f CR |
16591 | b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f |
16592 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 | |
495aee44 | 16593 | b Fb(99)2025 4114 y Fr(W)2025 4230 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b |
0001803f CR |
16594 | Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g |
16595 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 | 16596 | g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 4318 |
0001803f CR |
16597 | y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g |
16598 | (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) | |
495aee44 CR |
16599 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47 b Fb(25)2025 4568 y Fr(Y)2025 |
16600 | 4685 y Fb(y)n(anking)25 b(text)9 b Fc(:)j(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g | |
0001803f | 16601 | (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) |
495aee44 | 16602 | g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)35 b Fb(97)p eop |
0001803f | 16603 | end |
495aee44 CR |
16604 | %%Page: 162 168 |
16605 | TeXDict begin 162 167 bop eop end | |
17345e5a JA |
16606 | %%Trailer |
16607 | ||
16608 | userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if | |
16609 | %%EOF |