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1 | GNU Free Documentation License |
2 | Version 1.2, November 2002 | |
3 | ||
4 | ||
5 | Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
6 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
7 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
8 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
9 | ||
10 | ||
11 | 0. PREAMBLE | |
12 | ||
13 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
14 | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to | |
15 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
16 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
17 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
18 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
19 | for modifications made by others. | |
20 | ||
21 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative | |
22 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
23 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
24 | license designed for free software. | |
25 | ||
26 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
27 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
28 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
29 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
30 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
31 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
32 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
33 | ||
34 | ||
35 | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
36 | ||
37 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | |
38 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
39 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
40 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
41 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, | |
42 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
43 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you | |
44 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
45 | under copyright law. | |
46 | ||
47 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the | |
48 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
49 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
50 | ||
51 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
52 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
53 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
54 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
55 | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a | |
56 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any | |
57 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
58 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
59 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
60 | them. | |
61 | ||
62 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
63 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
64 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | |
65 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
66 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
67 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
68 | Sections then there are none. | |
69 | ||
70 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
71 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
72 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | |
73 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
74 | ||
75 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
76 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
77 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
78 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
79 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
80 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
81 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
82 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
83 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | |
84 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
85 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
86 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". | |
87 | ||
88 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
89 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
90 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
91 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of | |
92 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
93 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
94 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
95 | processing tools are not generally available, and the | |
96 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word | |
97 | processors for output purposes only. | |
98 | ||
99 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
100 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
101 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
102 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means | |
103 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
104 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
105 | ||
106 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
107 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
108 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
109 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", | |
110 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" | |
111 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
112 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. | |
113 | ||
114 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
115 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
116 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
117 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
118 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
119 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
120 | ||
121 | ||
122 | 2. VERBATIM COPYING | |
123 | ||
124 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
125 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
126 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
127 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
128 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
129 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
130 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
131 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
132 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
133 | ||
134 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
135 | you may publicly display copies. | |
136 | ||
137 | ||
138 | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
139 | ||
140 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | |
141 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
142 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
143 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
144 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
145 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
146 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
147 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
148 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
149 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
150 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
151 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
152 | ||
153 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
154 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
155 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
156 | pages. | |
157 | ||
158 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
159 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
160 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
161 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using | |
162 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
163 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
164 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
165 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
166 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
167 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
168 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
169 | edition to the public. | |
170 | ||
171 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
172 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
173 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
174 | ||
175 | ||
176 | 4. MODIFICATIONS | |
177 | ||
178 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
179 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
180 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
181 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
182 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
183 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
184 | ||
185 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
186 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
187 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
188 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
189 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
190 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
191 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
192 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
193 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
194 | unless they release you from this requirement. | |
195 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
196 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
197 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
198 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
199 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
200 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
201 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
202 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
203 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
204 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
205 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
206 | I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add | |
207 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
208 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
209 | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one | |
210 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
211 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
212 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
213 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
214 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
215 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
216 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. | |
217 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
218 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
219 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
220 | K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", | |
221 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all | |
222 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
223 | and/or dedications given therein. | |
224 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
225 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
226 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
227 | M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section | |
228 | may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
229 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" | |
230 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
231 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
232 | ||
233 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
234 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
235 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
236 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
237 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
238 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
239 | ||
240 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains | |
241 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
242 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
243 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
244 | standard. | |
245 | ||
246 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
247 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
248 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
249 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
250 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
251 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
252 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
253 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
254 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
255 | ||
256 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
257 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
258 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
259 | ||
260 | ||
261 | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
262 | ||
263 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
264 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
265 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
266 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
267 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
268 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
269 | ||
270 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
271 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
272 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
273 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
274 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
275 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
276 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
277 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
278 | ||
279 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" | |
280 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
281 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
282 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections | |
283 | Entitled "Endorsements". | |
284 | ||
285 | ||
286 | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
287 | ||
288 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
289 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
290 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
291 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
292 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
293 | ||
294 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
295 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
296 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
297 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
298 | ||
299 | ||
300 | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
301 | ||
302 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
303 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
304 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright | |
305 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
306 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
307 | When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not | |
308 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
309 | derivative works of the Document. | |
310 | ||
311 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
312 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | |
313 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
314 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
315 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
316 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
317 | aggregate. | |
318 | ||
319 | ||
320 | 8. TRANSLATION | |
321 | ||
322 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
323 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
324 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
325 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
326 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
327 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
328 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
329 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
330 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
331 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
332 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
333 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
334 | ||
335 | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
336 | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
337 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
338 | title. | |
339 | ||
340 | ||
341 | 9. TERMINATION | |
342 | ||
343 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
344 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
345 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
346 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
347 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
348 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
349 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
350 | ||
351 | ||
352 | 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
353 | ||
354 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
355 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
356 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
357 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
358 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
359 | ||
360 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
361 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
362 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of | |
363 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
364 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
365 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
366 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
367 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
368 | ||
369 | ||
370 | ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
371 | ||
372 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
373 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
374 | license notices just after the title page: | |
375 | ||
376 | Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. | |
377 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
378 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | |
379 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
380 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. | |
381 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | |
382 | Free Documentation License". | |
383 | ||
384 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
385 | replace the "with...Texts." line with this: | |
386 | ||
387 | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the | |
388 | Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. | |
389 | ||
390 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
391 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
392 | situation. | |
393 | ||
394 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
395 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
396 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
397 | to permit their use in free software. |