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888d53f2 HH |
1 | DRACUT.CMDLINE(7) |
2 | ================= | |
3 | :doctype: manpage | |
4 | :man source: dracut | |
5 | :man manual: dracut | |
6 | ||
7 | NAME | |
8 | ---- | |
9 | dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options | |
10 | ||
11 | DESCRIPTION | |
12 | ----------- | |
13 | The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration | |
14 | file on the kernel command line, as always. | |
15 | ||
16 | The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not | |
17 | encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a | |
18 | label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all | |
19 | available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that | |
20 | device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition | |
21 | with that UUID as the root filesystem. | |
22 | ||
23 | In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by | |
24 | dracut, are described. | |
25 | ||
26 | "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be | |
27 | turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing | |
28 | "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or | |
29 | turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command | |
30 | line is the value, which is honored. | |
31 | ||
32 | Standard | |
33 | ~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 34 | **init=**__<path to real init>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
35 | specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has |
36 | finished | |
37 | ||
b6c89768 | 38 | **root=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
39 | specify the block device to use as the root filesystem. |
40 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
41 | [listing] |
42 | .Example | |
43 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
44 | root=/dev/sda1 |
45 | root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 | |
46 | root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root | |
47 | root=LABEL=Root | |
48 | root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
49 | root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
b23a2837 | 50 | root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
b6c89768 | 51 | -- |
888d53f2 | 52 | |
b6c89768 | 53 | **rootfstype=**__<filesystem type>__:: "auto" if not specified. |
888d53f2 | 54 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
55 | [listing] |
56 | .Example | |
57 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 58 | rootfstype=ext3 |
b6c89768 | 59 | -- |
888d53f2 | 60 | |
b6c89768 | 61 | **rootflags=**__<mount options>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
62 | specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, |
63 | _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and | |
64 | mounted accordingly. | |
65 | ||
5afa9579 AŻ |
66 | **ro**:: |
67 | force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-only. If | |
68 | none of ro and rw is present, both are mounted according to _/etc/fstab_. | |
69 | ||
70 | **rw**:: | |
71 | force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-write. | |
72 | See also ro option. | |
73 | ||
b6c89768 | 74 | **rootfallback=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
c4c1c4f4 HH |
75 | specify the block device to use as the root filesystem, if the normal root cannot be found. |
76 | This can only be a simple block device with a simple file system, for which the filesystem | |
77 | driver is either compiled in, or added manually to the initramfs. | |
78 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
79 | ||
a6332e69 | 80 | **rd.auto** **rd.auto=1**:: |
e0641277 HH |
81 | enable autoassembly of special devices like cryptoLUKS, dmraid, mdraid or lvm. |
82 | Default is off as of dracut version >= 024. | |
83 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
84 | **rd.fstab=0**:: |
85 | do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in | |
86 | _/etc/fstab_ of the real root. | |
87 | ||
b6c89768 | 88 | **resume=**__<path to resume partition>__:: |
5d0404e3 | 89 | resume from a swap partition |
97903dfc | 90 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
91 | [listing] |
92 | .Example | |
93 | -- | |
97903dfc HH |
94 | resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
95 | resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
96 | resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
b6c89768 | 97 | -- |
97903dfc | 98 | |
9fb01d49 AŻ |
99 | **rd.skipfsck**:: |
100 | skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_. If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and | |
101 | the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this | |
102 | option to avoid duplication. | |
97903dfc | 103 | |
2ee48b4b | 104 | |
888d53f2 HH |
105 | Misc |
106 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 107 | **rd.driver.blacklist=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
108 | do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
109 | multiple times. | |
110 | ||
b6c89768 | 111 | **rd.driver.pre=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
112 | force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
113 | multiple times. | |
114 | ||
b6c89768 | 115 | **rd.driver.post=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
116 | force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules |
117 | have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
118 | ||
b6c89768 | 119 | **rd.retry=**__<seconds>__:: |
5cd7c104 HH |
120 | specify how long dracut should wait for devices to appear. |
121 | The default is 30 seconds. After 2/3 of the time, degraded raids are force | |
52da8a51 HH |
122 | started. If you have hardware, which takes a very long time to announce its |
123 | drives, you might want to extend this value. | |
5cd7c104 | 124 | |
13cb578a BL |
125 | **rd.noverifyssl**:: |
126 | accept self-signed certificates for ssl downloads. | |
127 | ||
b6c89768 | 128 | **rd.ctty=**__<terminal device>__:: |
14986b9d HH |
129 | specify the controlling terminal for the console. |
130 | This is useful, if you have multiple "console=" arguments. | |
131 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
132 | [[dracutkerneldebug]] |
133 | Debug | |
134 | ~~~~~ | |
c33488fe | 135 | If you are dropped to an emergency shell, the file _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ is created, |
64d144ae HH |
136 | which can be safed to a (to be mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick. |
137 | Additional debugging info can be produced by adding **rd.debug** to the kernel command line. | |
c33488fe | 138 | _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ contains all logs and the output of some tools. |
64d144ae HH |
139 | It should be attached to any report about dracut problems. |
140 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
141 | **rd.info**:: |
142 | print informational output though "quiet" is set | |
143 | ||
144 | **rd.shell**:: | |
145 | allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails | |
146 | ||
147 | **rd.debug**:: | |
64d144ae HH |
148 | set -x for the dracut shell. |
149 | If systemd is active in the initramfs, all output is logged to the systemd journal, | |
150 | which you can inspect with "journalctl -ab". | |
151 | If systemd is not active, the logs are written to dmesg and _/run/initramfs/init.log_. | |
152 | If "quiet" is set, it also logs to the console. | |
888d53f2 | 153 | |
7bd8f233 | 154 | **rd.memdebug=[0-3]**:: |
b6c89768 | 155 | Print memory usage info at various points, set the verbose level from 0 to 3. + |
9c322b2f | 156 | Higher level means more debugging output: |
b6c89768 HH |
157 | + |
158 | ---- | |
9c322b2f DY |
159 | 0 - no output |
160 | 1 - partial /proc/meminfo | |
161 | 2 - /proc/meminfo | |
162 | 3 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo | |
b6c89768 | 163 | ---- |
7bd8f233 | 164 | |
888d53f2 HH |
165 | **rd.break**:: |
166 | drop to a shell at the end | |
167 | ||
b6c89768 | 168 | **rd.break=**__{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
169 | drop to a shell on defined breakpoint |
170 | ||
171 | **rd.udev.info**:: | |
172 | set udev to loglevel info | |
173 | ||
174 | **rd.udev.debug**:: | |
175 | set udev to loglevel debug | |
176 | ||
177 | I18N | |
178 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 179 | **rd.vconsole.keymap=**__<keymap base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 | 180 | keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory; |
b6c89768 | 181 | will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 182 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
183 | [listing] |
184 | .Example | |
185 | -- | |
186 | rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys | |
187 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 188 | |
b6c89768 | 189 | **rd.vconsole.keymap.ext=**__<list of keymap base file names>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
190 | list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as |
191 | EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs | |
192 | ||
b6c89768 | 193 | **rd.vconsole.unicode**:: |
888d53f2 HH |
194 | boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to |
195 | _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs | |
196 | ||
b6c89768 | 197 | **rd.vconsole.font=**__<font base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 | 198 | console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to |
b6c89768 | 199 | _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 200 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
201 | [listing] |
202 | .Example | |
203 | -- | |
204 | rd.vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16 | |
205 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 206 | |
b6c89768 | 207 | **rd.vconsole.font.map=**__<console map base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
208 | see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans |
209 | directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the | |
210 | initramfs | |
211 | ||
b6c89768 | 212 | **rd.vconsole.font.unimap=**__<unicode table base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
213 | see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps |
214 | directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the | |
215 | initramfs | |
216 | ||
b6c89768 | 217 | **rd.locale.LANG=**__<locale>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
218 | taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in |
219 | basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will | |
b6c89768 | 220 | be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 221 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
222 | [listing] |
223 | .Example | |
224 | -- | |
225 | rd.locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8 | |
226 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 227 | |
b6c89768 | 228 | **rd.locale.LC_ALL=**__<locale>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
229 | taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_ |
230 | in the initramfs | |
231 | ||
232 | LVM | |
233 | ~~~ | |
234 | **rd.lvm=0**:: | |
235 | disable LVM detection | |
236 | ||
b6c89768 | 237 | **rd.lvm.vg=**__<volume group name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
238 | only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be |
239 | specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
240 | ||
b6c89768 | 241 | **rd.lvm.lv=**__<logical volume name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
242 | only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be |
243 | specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
244 | ||
245 | **rd.lvm.conf=0**:: | |
246 | remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs | |
247 | ||
248 | crypto LUKS | |
249 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
250 | **rd.luks=0**:: | |
251 | disable crypto LUKS detection | |
252 | ||
b6c89768 | 253 | **rd.luks.uuid=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
254 | only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the |
255 | LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_. | |
256 | The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the | |
257 | LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. | |
258 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
259 | ||
b6c89768 | 260 | **rd.luks.allow-discards=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
5ad3803d HH |
261 | Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given UUID. |
262 | Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_. | |
263 | The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the | |
264 | LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. | |
265 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
266 | ||
f7235c22 | 267 | **rd.luks.allow-discards**:: |
5ad3803d HH |
268 | Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions. |
269 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
270 | **rd.luks.crypttab=0**:: |
271 | do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_ | |
272 | ||
273 | crypto LUKS - key on removable device support | |
274 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 275 | **rd.luks.key=**__<keypath>__:__<keydev>__:__<luksdev>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
276 | _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly. |
277 | + | |
278 | _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time. | |
279 | + | |
280 | If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is: | |
281 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
282 | [listing] |
283 | .Example | |
284 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 285 | rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key |
b6c89768 | 286 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
287 | + |
288 | As you see, you can skip colons in such a case. | |
173edca0 AŻ |
289 | + |
290 | [NOTE] | |
291 | =============================== | |
600c8769 | 292 | dracut pipes key to cryptsetup with _-d -_ argument, therefore you need to pipe |
173edca0 AŻ |
293 | to crypsetup luksFormat with _-d -_, too! |
294 | ||
295 | Here follows example for key encrypted with GPG: | |
296 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
297 | [listing] |
298 | -- | |
299 | gpg --quiet --decrypt rootkey.gpg | \ | |
300 | cryptsetup -d - -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ | |
173edca0 | 301 | --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 |
b6c89768 | 302 | -- |
173edca0 AŻ |
303 | |
304 | If you use plain keys, just add path to _-d_ option: | |
305 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
306 | [listing] |
307 | -- | |
308 | cryptsetup -d rootkey.key -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ | |
309 | --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 | |
310 | -- | |
173edca0 | 311 | =============================== |
888d53f2 HH |
312 | |
313 | MD RAID | |
314 | ~~~~~~~ | |
315 | **rd.md=0**:: | |
316 | disable MD RAID detection | |
317 | ||
318 | **rd.md.imsm=0**:: | |
319 | disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead | |
320 | ||
321 | **rd.md.ddf=0**:: | |
322 | disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead | |
323 | ||
324 | **rd.md.conf=0**:: | |
325 | ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs | |
326 | ||
327 | **rd.md.waitclean=1**:: | |
328 | wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before continuing | |
329 | ||
b6c89768 | 330 | **rd.md.uuid=**__<md raid uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
331 | only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
332 | specified multiple times. | |
333 | ||
334 | DM RAID | |
335 | ~~~~~~~ | |
336 | **rd.dm=0**:: | |
337 | disable DM RAID detection | |
338 | ||
b6c89768 | 339 | **rd.dm.uuid=**__<dm raid uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
340 | only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
341 | specified multiple times. | |
342 | ||
343 | FIPS | |
344 | ~~~~ | |
345 | **rd.fips**:: | |
346 | enable FIPS | |
347 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
348 | **boot=**__<boot device>__:: |
349 | specify the device, where /boot is located. | |
888d53f2 | 350 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
351 | [listing] |
352 | .Example | |
353 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
354 | boot=/dev/sda1 |
355 | boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 | |
356 | boot=UUID=<uuid> | |
357 | boot=LABEL=<label> | |
b6c89768 | 358 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
359 | |
360 | **rd.fips.skipkernel**:: | |
361 | skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not | |
362 | in a separate boot partition. | |
363 | ||
364 | Network | |
365 | ~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
366 | |
367 | [IMPORTANT] | |
368 | ===================== | |
369 | It is recommended to either bind an interface to a MAC with the **ifname** argument, | |
370 | or to use the systemd-udevd predictable network interface names. | |
371 | ||
372 | Predictable network interface device names based on: | |
373 | ||
374 | - firmware/bios-provided index numbers for on-board devices | |
375 | - firmware-provided pci-express hotplug slot index number | |
376 | - physical/geographical location of the hardware | |
377 | - the interface's MAC address | |
378 | ||
379 | See: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames | |
380 | ||
381 | Two character prefixes based on the type of interface: | |
382 | ||
383 | en:: ethernet | |
384 | wl:: wlan | |
385 | ww:: wwan | |
386 | ||
387 | Type of names: | |
388 | ||
389 | o<index>:: on-board device index number | |
390 | s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: hotplug slot index number | |
391 | x<MAC>:: MAC address | |
392 | [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: PCI geographical location | |
393 | [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..][c<config>][i<interface>]:: USB port number chain | |
394 | ||
395 | All multi-function PCI devices will carry the [f<function>] number in the | |
396 | device name, including the function 0 device. | |
397 | ||
398 | When using PCI geography, The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. | |
399 | ||
400 | For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the | |
401 | name gets longer than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not | |
402 | exported. | |
403 | The usual USB configuration == 1 and interface == 0 values are suppressed. | |
404 | ||
405 | PCI ethernet card with firmware index "1":: | |
406 | * eno1 | |
407 | ||
408 | PCI ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number:: | |
409 | * ens1 | |
410 | ||
411 | PCI ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports:: | |
412 | * enp2s0f0 | |
413 | * enp2s0f1 | |
414 | ||
415 | PCI wlan card:: | |
416 | * wlp3s0 | |
417 | ||
418 | USB built-in 3G modem:: | |
419 | * wwp0s29u1u4i6 | |
420 | ||
421 | USB Android phone:: | |
422 | * enp0s29u1u2 | |
423 | ===================== | |
424 | ||
425 | **ip=**__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:: | |
888d53f2 HH |
426 | dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop |
427 | sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with | |
428 | a valid DHCP root-path. | |
429 | ||
430 | auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration | |
431 | ||
432 | dhcp6::: IPv6 DHCP | |
433 | ||
434 | ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration | |
435 | ||
b6c89768 | 436 | **ip=**__<interface>__:__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}__[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
437 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
438 | + | |
1760dfc0 | 439 | ===================== |
888d53f2 HH |
440 | dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface |
441 | auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration | |
1760dfc0 HH |
442 | <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This |
443 | cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the | |
444 | same <interface>. | |
445 | ===================== | |
446 | ||
b6c89768 | 447 | **ip=**__<client-IP>__:__<server-IP>__:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
448 | explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it |
449 | in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple | |
450 | times. | |
990e945f | 451 | + |
1760dfc0 HH |
452 | ===================== |
453 | <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This | |
454 | cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the | |
455 | same <interface>. | |
456 | ===================== | |
457 | ||
b6c89768 | 458 | **ifname=**__<interface>__:__<MAC>__:: |
1760dfc0 HH |
459 | Assign network device name <interface> (ie "bootnet") to the NIC with MAC <MAC>. |
460 | + | |
b6c89768 | 461 | WARNING: Do **not** use the default kernel naming scheme for the interface name, |
1760dfc0 HH |
462 | as it can conflict with the kernel names. So, don't use "eth[0-9]+" for the |
463 | interface name. Better name it "bootnet" or "bluesocket". | |
888d53f2 | 464 | |
b6c89768 | 465 | **bootdev=**__<interface>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
466 | specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. |
467 | Required if multiple ip= lines are used. | |
468 | ||
469 | **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]:: | |
470 | specify nameserver(s) to use | |
471 | ||
472 | **biosdevname=0**:: | |
473 | boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming | |
474 | ||
48dba7f9 HH |
475 | **rd.neednet=1**:: |
476 | boolean, bring up network even without netroot set | |
477 | ||
b6c89768 | 478 | **vlan=**__<vlanname>__:__<phydevice>__:: |
144787fe AW |
479 | Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>. |
480 | We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5), | |
481 | DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5) | |
482 | ||
b6c89768 | 483 | **bond=**__<bondname>__[:__<bondslaves>__:[:__<options>__]]:: |
c438bdb0 AW |
484 | Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>. |
485 | <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. | |
486 | <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for details) | |
487 | in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes multi-valued arp_ip_target option, | |
488 | then its values should be separated by semicolon. | |
489 | Bond without parameters assumes bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr | |
490 | ||
b6c89768 | 491 | **team=**__<teammaster>__:__<teamslaves>__:: |
3baa150b CW |
492 | Setup team device <teammaster> on top of <teamslaves>. |
493 | <teamslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. | |
494 | ||
b6c89768 | 495 | **bridge=**__<bridgename>__:__<ethnames>__:: |
21928b97 AW |
496 | Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated |
497 | list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes bridge=br0:eth0 | |
9337c692 | 498 | |
888d53f2 HH |
499 | NFS |
500 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 501 | **root=**\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
502 | mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
503 | dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in | |
504 | brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix | |
505 | ":" or "," and are seperated by ",". | |
506 | ||
b6c89768 | 507 | **root=**nfs:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**nfs4:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**__{dhcp|dhcp6}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
508 | root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS |
509 | options can be specified. | |
510 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
511 | [listing] |
512 | .Example | |
513 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
514 | root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
515 | root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] | |
516 | root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] | |
b6c89768 | 517 | -- |
888d53f2 | 518 | |
b6c89768 | 519 | **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
520 | _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this |
521 | method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended. | |
522 | ||
b6c89768 | 523 | **rd.nfs.domain=**__<NFSv4 domain name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
524 | Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_. |
525 | ||
d580636e MG |
526 | CIFS |
527 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 528 | **root=**cifs://[__<username>__[:__<password>__]@]__<server-ip>__:__<root-dir>__:: |
d580636e MG |
529 | mount cifs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
530 | dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in | |
531 | brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. If a username or password are not specified | |
532 | as part of the root, then they must be passed on the command line through | |
533 | cifsuser/cifspass. | |
833685de | 534 | + |
b6c89768 | 535 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
d580636e | 536 | |
b6c89768 | 537 | **cifsuser**=__<username>__:: |
d580636e MG |
538 | Set the cifs username, if not specified as part of the root. |
539 | ||
b6c89768 | 540 | **cifspass**=__<password>__:: |
d580636e | 541 | Set the cifs password, if not specified as part of the root. |
833685de | 542 | + |
b6c89768 | 543 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
d580636e | 544 | |
888d53f2 HH |
545 | iSCSI |
546 | ~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 547 | **root=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
548 | protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is |
549 | provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other | |
550 | associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if | |
551 | the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then | |
552 | used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated | |
553 | fields. See | |
554 | link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173]. | |
888d53f2 | 555 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
556 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
557 | + | |
558 | [listing] | |
559 | .Example | |
560 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 561 | root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 562 | -- |
888d53f2 | 563 | + |
b6c89768 | 564 | If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
888d53f2 | 565 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
566 | [listing] |
567 | .Example | |
568 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 569 | root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 570 | -- |
888d53f2 | 571 | |
b6c89768 HH |
572 | **root=**__???__ **netroot=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__ ...:: |
573 | multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks: | |
888d53f2 | 574 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
575 | [listing] |
576 | .Example | |
577 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
578 | root=UUID=12424547 |
579 | netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 | |
580 | netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1 | |
b6c89768 | 581 | -- |
888d53f2 | 582 | + |
b6c89768 | 583 | If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
888d53f2 | 584 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
585 | [listing] |
586 | .Example | |
587 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 588 | netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 589 | -- |
833685de | 590 | + |
b6c89768 | 591 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. |
888d53f2 | 592 | |
b6c89768 | 593 | **root=**__???__ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**__<initiator>__ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**__<target name>__ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**__<target ip>__ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**__<target port>__ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**__<target group>__ **rd.iscsi.username=**__<username>__ **rd.iscsi.password=**__<password>__ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**__<in username>__ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**__<in password>__:: |
888d53f2 | 594 | manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistart --help+**) |
833685de | 595 | + |
b6c89768 | 596 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. |
888d53f2 HH |
597 | |
598 | **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**:: | |
599 | will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware | |
600 | ||
b6c89768 | 601 | **rd.iscsi.param=**__<param>__:: |
8d51acbb HH |
602 | <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart. |
603 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
8d51acbb | 604 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
605 | [listing] |
606 | .Example | |
607 | -- | |
833685de | 608 | "netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1 rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30" |
b6c89768 | 609 | -- |
8d51acbb HH |
610 | + |
611 | will result in | |
612 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
613 | [listing] |
614 | -- | |
8d51acbb | 615 | iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30 |
b6c89768 | 616 | -- |
8d51acbb | 617 | |
888d53f2 HH |
618 | FCoE |
619 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 620 | **fcoe=**__<edd|interface|MAC>__:__{dcb|nodcb}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
621 | Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or |
622 | _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is | |
1760dfc0 HH |
623 | supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
624 | + | |
b6c89768 | 625 | NOTE: letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! |
888d53f2 HH |
626 | |
627 | NBD | |
628 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 629 | **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
630 | mount nbd share from <server> |
631 | ||
b6c89768 | 632 | **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
633 | root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD |
634 | options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are | |
635 | directly mounting the volume as the rootfs. | |
636 | ||
637 | DASD | |
638 | ~~~~ | |
4d76a85d | 639 | **rd.dasd=**....:: |
888d53f2 HH |
640 | same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) |
641 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
642 | ZFCP |
643 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
644 | **rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__,__<WWPN>__,__<FCPLUN>__:: |
645 | rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
888d53f2 | 646 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
647 | [listing] |
648 | .Example | |
649 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 650 | rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000 |
b6c89768 | 651 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
652 | |
653 | **rd.zfcp.conf=0**:: | |
654 | ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs | |
655 | ||
656 | ZNET | |
657 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
658 | **rd.znet=**__<nettype>__,__<subchannels>__,__<options>__:: |
659 | rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
888d53f2 | 660 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
661 | [listing] |
662 | .Example | |
663 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 664 | rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo |
62fd2b36 | 665 | rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar |
b6c89768 | 666 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
667 | |
668 | Plymouth Boot Splash | |
669 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
670 | **plymouth.enable=0**:: | |
671 | disable the plymouth bootsplash completly. | |
672 | ||
673 | **rd.plymouth=0**:: | |
674 | disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs. | |
675 | ||
676 | Kernel keys | |
677 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
678 | **masterkey=**__<kernel master key path name>__:: |
679 | Set the path name of the kernel master key. | |
888d53f2 | 680 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
681 | [listing] |
682 | .Example | |
683 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 684 | masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 685 | -- |
888d53f2 | 686 | |
b6c89768 HH |
687 | **masterkeytype=**__<kernel master key type>__:: |
688 | Set the type of the kernel master key. | |
888d53f2 | 689 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
690 | [listing] |
691 | .Example | |
692 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 693 | masterkeytype=trusted |
b6c89768 | 694 | -- |
888d53f2 | 695 | |
b6c89768 HH |
696 | **evmkey=**__<EVM key path name>__:: |
697 | Set the path name of the EVM key. | |
888d53f2 | 698 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
699 | [listing] |
700 | .Example | |
701 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 702 | evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 703 | -- |
888d53f2 | 704 | |
b6c89768 HH |
705 | **ecryptfskey=**__<eCryptfs key path name>__:: |
706 | Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. | |
888d53f2 | 707 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
708 | [listing] |
709 | .Example | |
710 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 711 | ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 712 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
713 | |
714 | Deprecated, renamed Options | |
715 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
716 | Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and their new replacement. | |
717 | ||
718 | rdbreak:: rd.break | |
719 | ||
720 | rd_CCW:: rd.ccw | |
721 | ||
4d76a85d | 722 | rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd |
888d53f2 HH |
723 | |
724 | rd_DASD:: rd.dasd | |
725 | ||
726 | rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug | |
727 | ||
728 | rd_NO_DM:: rd.dm=0 | |
729 | ||
730 | rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid | |
731 | ||
732 | rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist | |
733 | ||
734 | rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post | |
735 | ||
736 | rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre | |
737 | ||
738 | rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0 | |
739 | ||
740 | rdinfo:: rd.info | |
741 | ||
742 | check:: rd.live.check | |
743 | ||
744 | rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug | |
745 | ||
746 | live_dir:: rd.live.dir | |
747 | ||
748 | liveimg:: rd.live.image | |
749 | ||
750 | overlay:: rd.live.overlay | |
751 | ||
752 | readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly | |
753 | ||
754 | reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset | |
755 | ||
756 | live_ram:: rd.live.ram | |
757 | ||
758 | rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0 | |
759 | ||
760 | rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid | |
761 | ||
762 | rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath | |
763 | ||
764 | rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0 | |
765 | ||
766 | rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid | |
767 | ||
768 | rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf | |
769 | ||
770 | rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv | |
771 | ||
772 | rd_NO_LVM:: rd.lvm=0 | |
773 | ||
774 | rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot | |
775 | ||
776 | rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize | |
777 | ||
778 | rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg | |
779 | ||
780 | rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0 | |
781 | ||
782 | rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0 | |
783 | ||
784 | rd_NO_MD:: rd.md=0 | |
785 | ||
786 | rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid | |
787 | ||
788 | rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain | |
789 | ||
790 | iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator | |
791 | ||
792 | iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name | |
793 | ||
794 | iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip | |
795 | ||
796 | iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port | |
797 | ||
798 | iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group | |
799 | ||
800 | iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username | |
801 | ||
802 | iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password | |
803 | ||
804 | iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username | |
805 | ||
806 | iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password | |
807 | ||
808 | iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0 | |
809 | ||
810 | rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0 | |
811 | ||
812 | rd_retry:: rd.retry | |
813 | ||
814 | rdshell:: rd.shell | |
815 | ||
816 | rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash | |
817 | ||
818 | rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug | |
819 | ||
820 | rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info | |
821 | ||
822 | rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0 | |
823 | ||
824 | rd_ZFCP:: rd.zfcp | |
825 | ||
826 | rd_ZNET:: rd.znet | |
827 | ||
828 | KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap | |
829 | ||
830 | KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap | |
831 | ||
832 | SYSFONT:: vconsole.font | |
833 | ||
834 | CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map | |
835 | ||
836 | UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap | |
837 | ||
838 | UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode | |
839 | ||
840 | EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext | |
841 | ||
842 | Configuration in the Initramfs | |
843 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
844 | _/etc/conf.d/_:: | |
845 | Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to | |
846 | set initial values. Command line options will override these values | |
847 | set in the configuration files. | |
848 | ||
849 | _/etc/cmdline_:: | |
3cff5fb5 | 850 | Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf. |
888d53f2 HH |
851 | |
852 | _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_:: | |
853 | Can contain additional command line options. | |
854 | ||
855 | AUTHOR | |
856 | ------ | |
9f355169 | 857 | Harald Hoyer |
888d53f2 HH |
858 | |
859 | SEE ALSO | |
860 | -------- | |
861 | *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5) |