2011-08-20 Janus Weil <janus@gcc.gnu.org>

[thirdparty/gcc.git] / gcc / fortran / frontend-passes.c

/* Pass manager for Fortran front end.
   Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Thomas König.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "gfortran.h"
#include "arith.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "dependency.h"
#include "constructor.h"
#include "opts.h"

/* Forward declarations.  */

static void strip_function_call (gfc_expr *);
static void optimize_namespace (gfc_namespace *);
static void optimize_assignment (gfc_code *);
static bool optimize_op (gfc_expr *);
static bool optimize_comparison (gfc_expr *, gfc_intrinsic_op);
static bool optimize_trim (gfc_expr *);
static bool optimize_lexical_comparison (gfc_expr *);
static void optimize_minmaxloc (gfc_expr **);

/* How deep we are inside an argument list.  */

static int count_arglist;

/* Pointer to an array of gfc_expr ** we operate on, plus its size
   and counter.  */

static gfc_expr ***expr_array;
static int expr_size, expr_count;

/* Pointer to the gfc_code we currently work on - to be able to insert
   a block before the statement.  */

static gfc_code **current_code;

/* Pointer to the block to be inserted, and the statement we are
   changing within the block.  */

static gfc_code *inserted_block, **changed_statement;

/* The namespace we are currently dealing with.  */

gfc_namespace *current_ns;

/* Entry point - run all passes for a namespace.  So far, only an
   optimization pass is run.  */

void
gfc_run_passes (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  if (gfc_option.flag_frontend_optimize)
    {
      expr_size = 20;
      expr_array = XNEWVEC(gfc_expr **, expr_size);

      optimize_namespace (ns);
      if (gfc_option.dump_fortran_optimized)
	gfc_dump_parse_tree (ns, stdout);

      XDELETEVEC (expr_array);
    }
}

/* Callback for each gfc_code node invoked through gfc_code_walker
   from optimize_namespace.  */

static int
optimize_code (gfc_code **c, int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	       void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{

  gfc_exec_op op;

  op = (*c)->op;

  if (op == EXEC_CALL || op == EXEC_COMPCALL || op == EXEC_ASSIGN_CALL
      || op == EXEC_CALL_PPC)
    count_arglist = 1;
  else
    count_arglist = 0;

  if (op == EXEC_ASSIGN)
    optimize_assignment (*c);
  return 0;
}

/* Callback for each gfc_expr node invoked through gfc_code_walker
   from optimize_namespace.  */

static int
optimize_expr (gfc_expr **e, int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	       void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  bool function_expr;

  if ((*e)->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION)
    {
      count_arglist ++;
      function_expr = true;
    }
  else
    function_expr = false;

  if (optimize_trim (*e))
    gfc_simplify_expr (*e, 0);

  if (optimize_lexical_comparison (*e))
    gfc_simplify_expr (*e, 0);

  if ((*e)->expr_type == EXPR_OP && optimize_op (*e))
    gfc_simplify_expr (*e, 0);

  if ((*e)->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION && (*e)->value.function.isym)
    switch ((*e)->value.function.isym->id)
      {
      case GFC_ISYM_MINLOC:
      case GFC_ISYM_MAXLOC:
	optimize_minmaxloc (e);
	break;
      default:
	break;
      }

  if (function_expr)
    count_arglist --;

  return 0;
}


/* Callback function for common function elimination, called from cfe_expr_0.
   Put all eligible function expressions into expr_array.  */

static int
cfe_register_funcs (gfc_expr **e, int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	  void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{

  if ((*e)->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION)
    return 0;

  /* We don't do character functions with unknown charlens.  */
  if ((*e)->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER 
      && ((*e)->ts.u.cl == NULL || (*e)->ts.u.cl->length == NULL
	  || (*e)->ts.u.cl->length->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT))
    return 0;

  /* If we don't know the shape at compile time, we create an allocatable
     temporary variable to hold the intermediate result, but only if
     allocation on assignment is active.  */

  if ((*e)->rank > 0 && (*e)->shape == NULL && !gfc_option.flag_realloc_lhs)
    return 0;
  
  /* Skip the test for pure functions if -faggressive-function-elimination
     is specified.  */
  if ((*e)->value.function.esym)
    {
      /* Don't create an array temporary for elemental functions.  */
      if ((*e)->value.function.esym->attr.elemental && (*e)->rank > 0)
	return 0;

      /* Only eliminate potentially impure functions if the
	 user specifically requested it.  */
      if (!gfc_option.flag_aggressive_function_elimination
	  && !(*e)->value.function.esym->attr.pure
	  && !(*e)->value.function.esym->attr.implicit_pure)
	return 0;
    }

  if ((*e)->value.function.isym)
    {
      /* Conversions are handled on the fly by the middle end,
	 transpose during trans-* stages and TRANSFER by the middle end.  */
      if ((*e)->value.function.isym->id == GFC_ISYM_CONVERSION
	  || (*e)->value.function.isym->id == GFC_ISYM_TRANSPOSE
	  || (*e)->value.function.isym->id == GFC_ISYM_TRANSFER)
	return 0;

      /* Don't create an array temporary for elemental functions,
	 as this would be wasteful of memory.
	 FIXME: Create a scalar temporary during scalarization.  */
      if ((*e)->value.function.isym->elemental && (*e)->rank > 0)
	return 0;

      if (!(*e)->value.function.isym->pure)
	return 0;
    }

  if (expr_count >= expr_size)
    {
      expr_size += expr_size;
      expr_array = XRESIZEVEC(gfc_expr **, expr_array, expr_size);
    }
  expr_array[expr_count] = e;
  expr_count ++;
  return 0;
}

/* Returns a new expression (a variable) to be used in place of the old one,
   with an an assignment statement before the current statement to set
   the value of the variable. Creates a new BLOCK for the statement if
   that hasn't already been done and puts the statement, plus the
   newly created variables, in that block.  */

static gfc_expr*
create_var (gfc_expr * e)
{
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN +1];
  static int num = 1;
  gfc_symtree *symtree;
  gfc_symbol *symbol;
  gfc_expr *result;
  gfc_code *n;
  gfc_namespace *ns;
  int i;

  /* If the block hasn't already been created, do so.  */
  if (inserted_block == NULL)
    {
      inserted_block = XCNEW (gfc_code);
      inserted_block->op = EXEC_BLOCK;
      inserted_block->loc = (*current_code)->loc;
      ns = gfc_build_block_ns (current_ns);
      inserted_block->ext.block.ns = ns;
      inserted_block->ext.block.assoc = NULL;

      ns->code = *current_code;
      inserted_block->next = (*current_code)->next;
      changed_statement = &(inserted_block->ext.block.ns->code);
      (*current_code)->next = NULL;
      /* Insert the BLOCK at the right position.  */
      *current_code = inserted_block;
    }
  else
    ns = inserted_block->ext.block.ns;

  sprintf(name, "__var_%d",num++);
  if (gfc_get_sym_tree (name, ns, &symtree, false) != 0)
    gcc_unreachable ();

  symbol = symtree->n.sym;
  symbol->ts = e->ts;

  if (e->rank > 0)
    {
      symbol->as = gfc_get_array_spec ();
      symbol->as->rank = e->rank;

      if (e->shape == NULL)
	{
	  /* We don't know the shape at compile time, so we use an
	     allocatable. */
	  symbol->as->type = AS_DEFERRED;
	  symbol->attr.allocatable = 1;
	}
      else
	{
	  symbol->as->type = AS_EXPLICIT;
	  /* Copy the shape.  */
	  for (i=0; i<e->rank; i++)
	    {
	      gfc_expr *p, *q;
      
	      p = gfc_get_constant_expr (BT_INTEGER, gfc_default_integer_kind,
					 &(e->where));
	      mpz_set_si (p->value.integer, 1);
	      symbol->as->lower[i] = p;
	      
	      q = gfc_get_constant_expr (BT_INTEGER, gfc_index_integer_kind,
					 &(e->where));
	      mpz_set (q->value.integer, e->shape[i]);
	      symbol->as->upper[i] = q;
	    }
	}
    }

  symbol->attr.flavor = FL_VARIABLE;
  symbol->attr.referenced = 1;
  symbol->attr.dimension = e->rank > 0;
  gfc_commit_symbol (symbol);

  result = gfc_get_expr ();
  result->expr_type = EXPR_VARIABLE;
  result->ts = e->ts;
  result->rank = e->rank;
  result->shape = gfc_copy_shape (e->shape, e->rank);
  result->symtree = symtree;
  result->where = e->where;
  if (e->rank > 0)
    {
      result->ref = gfc_get_ref ();
      result->ref->type = REF_ARRAY;
      result->ref->u.ar.type = AR_FULL;
      result->ref->u.ar.where = e->where;
      result->ref->u.ar.as = symbol->as;
      if (gfc_option.warn_array_temp)
	gfc_warning ("Creating array temporary at %L", &(e->where));
    }

  /* Generate the new assignment.  */
  n = XCNEW (gfc_code);
  n->op = EXEC_ASSIGN;
  n->loc = (*current_code)->loc;
  n->next = *changed_statement;
  n->expr1 = gfc_copy_expr (result);
  n->expr2 = e;
  *changed_statement = n;

  return result;
}

/* Warn about function elimination.  */

static void
warn_function_elimination (gfc_expr *e)
{
  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION)
    return;
  if (e->value.function.esym)
    gfc_warning ("Removing call to function '%s' at %L",
		 e->value.function.esym->name, &(e->where));
  else if (e->value.function.isym)
    gfc_warning ("Removing call to function '%s' at %L",
		 e->value.function.isym->name, &(e->where));
}
/* Callback function for the code walker for doing common function
   elimination.  This builds up the list of functions in the expression
   and goes through them to detect duplicates, which it then replaces
   by variables.  */

static int
cfe_expr_0 (gfc_expr **e, int *walk_subtrees,
	  void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  int i,j;
  gfc_expr *newvar;

  expr_count = 0;

  gfc_expr_walker (e, cfe_register_funcs, NULL);

  /* Walk through all the functions.  */

  for (i=1; i<expr_count; i++)
    {
      /* Skip if the function has been replaced by a variable already.  */
      if ((*(expr_array[i]))->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE)
	continue;

      newvar = NULL;
      for (j=0; j<i; j++)
	{
	  if (gfc_dep_compare_functions(*(expr_array[i]),
					*(expr_array[j]), true)	== 0)
	    {
	      if (newvar == NULL)
		newvar = create_var (*(expr_array[i]));

	      if (gfc_option.warn_function_elimination)
		warn_function_elimination (*(expr_array[j]));

	      free (*(expr_array[j]));
	      *(expr_array[j]) = gfc_copy_expr (newvar);
	    }
	}
      if (newvar)
	*(expr_array[i]) = newvar;
    }

  /* We did all the necessary walking in this function.  */
  *walk_subtrees = 0;
  return 0;
}

/* Callback function for common function elimination, called from
   gfc_code_walker.  This keeps track of the current code, in order
   to insert statements as needed.  */

static int
cfe_code (gfc_code **c, int *walk_subtrees ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
	  void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  current_code = c;
  inserted_block = NULL;
  changed_statement = NULL;
  return 0;
}

/* Optimize a namespace, including all contained namespaces.  */

static void
optimize_namespace (gfc_namespace *ns)
{

  current_ns = ns;

  gfc_code_walker (&ns->code, cfe_code, cfe_expr_0, NULL);
  gfc_code_walker (&ns->code, optimize_code, optimize_expr, NULL);

  for (ns = ns->contained; ns; ns = ns->sibling)
    optimize_namespace (ns);
}

/* Replace code like
   a = matmul(b,c) + d
   with
   a = matmul(b,c) ;   a = a + d
   where the array function is not elemental and not allocatable
   and does not depend on the left-hand side.
*/

static bool
optimize_binop_array_assignment (gfc_code *c, gfc_expr **rhs, bool seen_op)
{
  gfc_expr *e;

  e = *rhs;
  if (e->expr_type == EXPR_OP)
    {
      switch (e->value.op.op)
	{
	  /* Unary operators and exponentiation: Only look at a single
	     operand.  */
	case INTRINSIC_NOT:
	case INTRINSIC_UPLUS:
	case INTRINSIC_UMINUS:
	case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES:
	case INTRINSIC_POWER:
	  if (optimize_binop_array_assignment (c, &e->value.op.op1, seen_op))
	    return true;
	  break;

	default:
	  /* Binary operators.  */
	  if (optimize_binop_array_assignment (c, &e->value.op.op1, true))
	    return true;

	  if (optimize_binop_array_assignment (c, &e->value.op.op2, true))
	    return true;

	  break;
	}
    }
  else if (seen_op && e->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION && e->rank > 0
	   && ! (e->value.function.esym 
		 && (e->value.function.esym->attr.elemental 
		     || e->value.function.esym->attr.allocatable
		     || e->value.function.esym->ts.type != c->expr1->ts.type
		     || e->value.function.esym->ts.kind != c->expr1->ts.kind))
	   && ! (e->value.function.isym
		 && (e->value.function.isym->elemental
		     || e->ts.type != c->expr1->ts.type
		     || e->ts.kind != c->expr1->ts.kind)))
    {

      gfc_code *n;
      gfc_expr *new_expr;

      /* Insert a new assignment statement after the current one.  */
      n = XCNEW (gfc_code);
      n->op = EXEC_ASSIGN;
      n->loc = c->loc;
      n->next = c->next;
      c->next = n;

      n->expr1 = gfc_copy_expr (c->expr1);
      n->expr2 = c->expr2;
      new_expr = gfc_copy_expr (c->expr1);
      c->expr2 = e;
      *rhs = new_expr;
      
      return true;

    }

  /* Nothing to optimize.  */
  return false;
}

/* Remove unneeded TRIMs at the end of expressions.  */

static bool
remove_trim (gfc_expr *rhs)
{
  bool ret;

  ret = false;

  /* Check for a // b // trim(c).  Looping is probably not
     necessary because the parser usually generates
     (// (// a b ) trim(c) ) , but better safe than sorry.  */

  while (rhs->expr_type == EXPR_OP
	 && rhs->value.op.op == INTRINSIC_CONCAT)
    rhs = rhs->value.op.op2;

  while (rhs->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION && rhs->value.function.isym
	 && rhs->value.function.isym->id == GFC_ISYM_TRIM)
    {
      strip_function_call (rhs);
      /* Recursive call to catch silly stuff like trim ( a // trim(b)).  */
      remove_trim (rhs);
      ret = true;
    }

  return ret;
}

/* Optimizations for an assignment.  */

static void
optimize_assignment (gfc_code * c)
{
  gfc_expr *lhs, *rhs;

  lhs = c->expr1;
  rhs = c->expr2;

  /* Optimize away a = trim(b), where a is a character variable.  */

  if (lhs->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    remove_trim (rhs);

  if (lhs->rank > 0 && gfc_check_dependency (lhs, rhs, true) == 0)
    optimize_binop_array_assignment (c, &rhs, false);
}


/* Remove an unneeded function call, modifying the expression.
   This replaces the function call with the value of its
   first argument.  The rest of the argument list is freed.  */

static void
strip_function_call (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_expr *e1;
  gfc_actual_arglist *a;

  a = e->value.function.actual;

  /* We should have at least one argument.  */
  gcc_assert (a->expr != NULL);

  e1 = a->expr;

  /* Free the remaining arglist, if any.  */
  if (a->next)
    gfc_free_actual_arglist (a->next);

  /* Graft the argument expression onto the original function.  */
  *e = *e1;
  free (e1);

}

/* Optimization of lexical comparison functions.  */

static bool
optimize_lexical_comparison (gfc_expr *e)
{
  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION || e->value.function.isym == NULL)
    return false;

  switch (e->value.function.isym->id)
    {
    case GFC_ISYM_LLE:
      return optimize_comparison (e, INTRINSIC_LE);

    case GFC_ISYM_LGE:
      return optimize_comparison (e, INTRINSIC_GE);

    case GFC_ISYM_LGT:
      return optimize_comparison (e, INTRINSIC_GT);

    case GFC_ISYM_LLT:
      return optimize_comparison (e, INTRINSIC_LT);

    default:
      break;
    }
  return false;
}

/* Recursive optimization of operators.  */

static bool
optimize_op (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_intrinsic_op op = e->value.op.op;

  switch (op)
    {
    case INTRINSIC_EQ:
    case INTRINSIC_EQ_OS:
    case INTRINSIC_GE:
    case INTRINSIC_GE_OS:
    case INTRINSIC_LE:
    case INTRINSIC_LE_OS:
    case INTRINSIC_NE:
    case INTRINSIC_NE_OS:
    case INTRINSIC_GT:
    case INTRINSIC_GT_OS:
    case INTRINSIC_LT:
    case INTRINSIC_LT_OS:
      return optimize_comparison (e, op);

    default:
      break;
    }

  return false;
}

/* Optimize expressions for equality.  */

static bool
optimize_comparison (gfc_expr *e, gfc_intrinsic_op op)
{
  gfc_expr *op1, *op2;
  bool change;
  int eq;
  bool result;
  gfc_actual_arglist *firstarg, *secondarg;

  if (e->expr_type == EXPR_OP)
    {
      firstarg = NULL;
      secondarg = NULL;
      op1 = e->value.op.op1;
      op2 = e->value.op.op2;
    }
  else if (e->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION)
    {
      /* One of the lexical comparision functions.  */
      firstarg = e->value.function.actual;
      secondarg = firstarg->next;
      op1 = firstarg->expr;
      op2 = secondarg->expr;
    }
  else
    gcc_unreachable ();

  /* Strip off unneeded TRIM calls from string comparisons.  */

  change = remove_trim (op1);

  if (remove_trim (op2))
    change = true;

  /* An expression of type EXPR_CONSTANT is only valid for scalars.  */
  /* TODO: A scalar constant may be acceptable in some cases (the scalarizer
     handles them well). However, there are also cases that need a non-scalar
     argument. For example the any intrinsic. See PR 45380.  */
  if (e->rank > 0)
    return change;

  /* Don't compare REAL or COMPLEX expressions when honoring NaNs.  */

  if (flag_finite_math_only
      || (op1->ts.type != BT_REAL && op2->ts.type != BT_REAL
	  && op1->ts.type != BT_COMPLEX && op2->ts.type != BT_COMPLEX))
    {
      eq = gfc_dep_compare_expr (op1, op2);
      if (eq <= -2)
	{
	  /* Replace A // B < A // C with B < C, and A // B < C // B
	     with A < C.  */
	  if (op1->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && op2->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
	      && op1->value.op.op == INTRINSIC_CONCAT
	      && op2->value.op.op == INTRINSIC_CONCAT)
	    {
	      gfc_expr *op1_left = op1->value.op.op1;
	      gfc_expr *op2_left = op2->value.op.op1;
	      gfc_expr *op1_right = op1->value.op.op2;
	      gfc_expr *op2_right = op2->value.op.op2;

	      if (gfc_dep_compare_expr (op1_left, op2_left) == 0)
		{
		  /* Watch out for 'A ' // x vs. 'A' // x.  */

		  if (op1_left->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT
			&& op2_left->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT
			&& op1_left->value.character.length
			   != op2_left->value.character.length)
		    return change;
		  else
		    {
		      free (op1_left);
		      free (op2_left);
		      if (firstarg)
			{
			  firstarg->expr = op1_right;
			  secondarg->expr = op2_right;
			}
		      else
			{
			  e->value.op.op1 = op1_right;
			  e->value.op.op2 = op2_right;
			}
		      optimize_comparison (e, op);
		      return true;
		    }
		}
	      if (gfc_dep_compare_expr (op1_right, op2_right) == 0)
		{
		  free (op1_right);
		  free (op2_right);
		  if (firstarg)
		    {
		      firstarg->expr = op1_left;
		      secondarg->expr = op2_left;
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      e->value.op.op1 = op1_left;
		      e->value.op.op2 = op2_left;
		    }

		  optimize_comparison (e, op);
		  return true;
		}
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* eq can only be -1, 0 or 1 at this point.  */
	  switch (op)
	    {
	    case INTRINSIC_EQ:
	    case INTRINSIC_EQ_OS:
	      result = eq == 0;
	      break;
	      
	    case INTRINSIC_GE:
	    case INTRINSIC_GE_OS:
	      result = eq >= 0;
	      break;

	    case INTRINSIC_LE:
	    case INTRINSIC_LE_OS:
	      result = eq <= 0;
	      break;

	    case INTRINSIC_NE:
	    case INTRINSIC_NE_OS:
	      result = eq != 0;
	      break;

	    case INTRINSIC_GT:
	    case INTRINSIC_GT_OS:
	      result = eq > 0;
	      break;

	    case INTRINSIC_LT:
	    case INTRINSIC_LT_OS:
	      result = eq < 0;
	      break;
	      
	    default:
	      gfc_internal_error ("illegal OP in optimize_comparison");
	      break;
	    }

	  /* Replace the expression by a constant expression.  The typespec
	     and where remains the way it is.  */
	  free (op1);
	  free (op2);
	  e->expr_type = EXPR_CONSTANT;
	  e->value.logical = result;
	  return true;
	}
    }

  return change;
}

/* Optimize a trim function by replacing it with an equivalent substring
   involving a call to len_trim.  This only works for expressions where
   variables are trimmed.  Return true if anything was modified.  */

static bool
optimize_trim (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_expr *a;
  gfc_ref *ref;
  gfc_expr *fcn;
  gfc_actual_arglist *actual_arglist, *next;
  gfc_ref **rr = NULL;

  /* Don't do this optimization within an argument list, because
     otherwise aliasing issues may occur.  */

  if (count_arglist != 1)
    return false;

  if (e->ts.type != BT_CHARACTER || e->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION
      || e->value.function.isym == NULL
      || e->value.function.isym->id != GFC_ISYM_TRIM)
    return false;

  a = e->value.function.actual->expr;

  if (a->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE)
    return false;

  /* Follow all references to find the correct place to put the newly
     created reference.  FIXME:  Also handle substring references and
     array references.  Array references cause strange regressions at
     the moment.  */

  if (a->ref)
    {
      for (rr = &(a->ref); *rr; rr = &((*rr)->next))
	{
	  if ((*rr)->type == REF_SUBSTRING || (*rr)->type == REF_ARRAY)
	    return false;
	}
    }

  strip_function_call (e);

  if (e->ref == NULL)
    rr = &(e->ref);

  /* Create the reference.  */

  ref = gfc_get_ref ();
  ref->type = REF_SUBSTRING;

  /* Set the start of the reference.  */

  ref->u.ss.start = gfc_get_int_expr (gfc_default_integer_kind, NULL, 1);

  /* Build the function call to len_trim(x, gfc_defaul_integer_kind).  */

  fcn = gfc_get_expr ();
  fcn->expr_type = EXPR_FUNCTION;
  fcn->value.function.isym =
    gfc_intrinsic_function_by_id (GFC_ISYM_LEN_TRIM);
  actual_arglist = gfc_get_actual_arglist ();
  actual_arglist->expr = gfc_copy_expr (e);
  next = gfc_get_actual_arglist ();
  next->expr = gfc_get_int_expr (gfc_default_integer_kind, NULL,
				 gfc_default_integer_kind);
  actual_arglist->next = next;
  fcn->value.function.actual = actual_arglist;

  /* Set the end of the reference to the call to len_trim.  */

  ref->u.ss.end = fcn;
  gcc_assert (*rr == NULL);
  *rr = ref;
  return true;
}

/* Optimize minloc(b), where b is rank 1 array, into
   (/ minloc(b, dim=1) /), and similarly for maxloc,
   as the latter forms are expanded inline.  */

static void
optimize_minmaxloc (gfc_expr **e)
{
  gfc_expr *fn = *e;
  gfc_actual_arglist *a;
  char *name, *p;

  if (fn->rank != 1
      || fn->value.function.actual == NULL
      || fn->value.function.actual->expr == NULL
      || fn->value.function.actual->expr->rank != 1)
    return;

  *e = gfc_get_array_expr (fn->ts.type, fn->ts.kind, &fn->where);
  (*e)->shape = fn->shape;
  fn->rank = 0;
  fn->shape = NULL;
  gfc_constructor_append_expr (&(*e)->value.constructor, fn, &fn->where);

  name = XALLOCAVEC (char, strlen (fn->value.function.name) + 1);
  strcpy (name, fn->value.function.name);
  p = strstr (name, "loc0");
  p[3] = '1';
  fn->value.function.name = gfc_get_string (name);
  if (fn->value.function.actual->next)
    {
      a = fn->value.function.actual->next;
      gcc_assert (a->expr == NULL);
    }
  else
    {
      a = gfc_get_actual_arglist ();
      fn->value.function.actual->next = a;
    }
  a->expr = gfc_get_constant_expr (BT_INTEGER, gfc_default_integer_kind,
				   &fn->where);
  mpz_set_ui (a->expr->value.integer, 1);
}

#define WALK_SUBEXPR(NODE) \
  do							\
    {							\
      result = gfc_expr_walker (&(NODE), exprfn, data);	\
      if (result)					\
	return result;					\
    }							\
  while (0)
#define WALK_SUBEXPR_TAIL(NODE) e = &(NODE); continue

/* Walk expression *E, calling EXPRFN on each expression in it.  */

int
gfc_expr_walker (gfc_expr **e, walk_expr_fn_t exprfn, void *data)
{
  while (*e)
    {
      int walk_subtrees = 1;
      gfc_actual_arglist *a;
      gfc_ref *r;
      gfc_constructor *c;

      int result = exprfn (e, &walk_subtrees, data);
      if (result)
	return result;
      if (walk_subtrees)
	switch ((*e)->expr_type)
	  {
	  case EXPR_OP:
	    WALK_SUBEXPR ((*e)->value.op.op1);
	    WALK_SUBEXPR_TAIL ((*e)->value.op.op2);
	    break;
	  case EXPR_FUNCTION:
	    for (a = (*e)->value.function.actual; a; a = a->next)
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (a->expr);
	    break;
	  case EXPR_COMPCALL:
	  case EXPR_PPC:
	    WALK_SUBEXPR ((*e)->value.compcall.base_object);
	    for (a = (*e)->value.compcall.actual; a; a = a->next)
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (a->expr);
	    break;

	  case EXPR_STRUCTURE:
	  case EXPR_ARRAY:
	    for (c = gfc_constructor_first ((*e)->value.constructor); c;
		 c = gfc_constructor_next (c))
	      {
		WALK_SUBEXPR (c->expr);
		if (c->iterator != NULL)
		  {
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (c->iterator->var);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (c->iterator->start);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (c->iterator->end);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (c->iterator->step);
		  }
	      }

	    if ((*e)->expr_type != EXPR_ARRAY)
	      break;

	    /* Fall through to the variable case in order to walk the
	       reference.  */

	  case EXPR_SUBSTRING:
	  case EXPR_VARIABLE:
	    for (r = (*e)->ref; r; r = r->next)
	      {
		gfc_array_ref *ar;
		int i;

		switch (r->type)
		  {
		  case REF_ARRAY:
		    ar = &r->u.ar;
		    if (ar->type == AR_SECTION || ar->type == AR_ELEMENT)
		      {
			for (i=0; i< ar->dimen; i++)
			  {
			    WALK_SUBEXPR (ar->start[i]);
			    WALK_SUBEXPR (ar->end[i]);
			    WALK_SUBEXPR (ar->stride[i]);
			  }
		      }

		    break;

		  case REF_SUBSTRING:
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (r->u.ss.start);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (r->u.ss.end);
		    break;

		  case REF_COMPONENT:
		    break;
		  }
	      }

	  default:
	    break;
	  }
      return 0;
    }
  return 0;
}

#define WALK_SUBCODE(NODE) \
  do								\
    {								\
      result = gfc_code_walker (&(NODE), codefn, exprfn, data);	\
      if (result)						\
	return result;						\
    }								\
  while (0)

/* Walk code *C, calling CODEFN on each gfc_code node in it and calling EXPRFN
   on each expression in it.  If any of the hooks returns non-zero, that
   value is immediately returned.  If the hook sets *WALK_SUBTREES to 0,
   no subcodes or subexpressions are traversed.  */

int
gfc_code_walker (gfc_code **c, walk_code_fn_t codefn, walk_expr_fn_t exprfn,
		 void *data)
{
  for (; *c; c = &(*c)->next)
    {
      int walk_subtrees = 1;
      int result = codefn (c, &walk_subtrees, data);
      if (result)
	return result;

      if (walk_subtrees)
	{
	  gfc_code *b;
	  gfc_actual_arglist *a;
	  gfc_code *co;

	  /* There might be statement insertions before the current code,
	     which must not affect the expression walker.  */

	  co = *c;

	  switch (co->op)
	    {
	    case EXEC_DO:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.iterator->var);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.iterator->start);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.iterator->end);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.iterator->step);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_CALL:
	    case EXEC_ASSIGN_CALL:
	      for (a = co->ext.actual; a; a = a->next)
		WALK_SUBEXPR (a->expr);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_CALL_PPC:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr1);
	      for (a = co->ext.actual; a; a = a->next)
		WALK_SUBEXPR (a->expr);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_SELECT:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr1);
	      for (b = co->block; b; b = b->block)
		{
		  gfc_case *cp;
		  for (cp = b->ext.block.case_list; cp; cp = cp->next)
		    {
		      WALK_SUBEXPR (cp->low);
		      WALK_SUBEXPR (cp->high);
		    }
		  WALK_SUBCODE (b->next);
		}
	      continue;

	    case EXEC_ALLOCATE:
	    case EXEC_DEALLOCATE:
	      {
		gfc_alloc *a;
		for (a = co->ext.alloc.list; a; a = a->next)
		  WALK_SUBEXPR (a->expr);
		break;
	      }

	    case EXEC_FORALL:
	      {
		gfc_forall_iterator *fa;
		for (fa = co->ext.forall_iterator; fa; fa = fa->next)
		  {
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (fa->var);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (fa->start);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (fa->end);
		    WALK_SUBEXPR (fa->stride);
		  }
		break;
	      }

	    case EXEC_OPEN:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->file);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->status);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->access);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->form);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->recl);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->blank);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->position);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->action);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->delim);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->pad);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->iomsg);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->convert);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->decimal);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->encoding);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->round);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->sign);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->asynchronous);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->id);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.open->newunit);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_CLOSE:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.close->unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.close->status);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.close->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.close->iomsg);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_BACKSPACE:
	    case EXEC_ENDFILE:
	    case EXEC_REWIND:
	    case EXEC_FLUSH:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.filepos->unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.filepos->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.filepos->iomsg);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_INQUIRE:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->file);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->iomsg);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->exist);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->opened);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->number);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->named);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->name);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->access);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->sequential);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->direct);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->form);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->formatted);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->unformatted);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->recl);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->nextrec);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->blank);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->position);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->action);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->read);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->write);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->readwrite);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->delim);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->encoding);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->pad);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->iolength);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->convert);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->strm_pos);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->asynchronous);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->decimal);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->pending);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->id);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->sign);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->size);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.inquire->round);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_WAIT:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.wait->unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.wait->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.wait->iomsg);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.wait->id);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_READ:
	    case EXEC_WRITE:
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->io_unit);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->format_expr);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->rec);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->advance);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->iostat);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->size);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->iomsg);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->id);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->pos);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->asynchronous);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->blank);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->decimal);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->delim);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->pad);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->round);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->sign);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.dt->extra_comma);
	      break;

	    case EXEC_OMP_DO:
	    case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL:
	    case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_DO:
	    case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_SECTIONS:
	    case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_WORKSHARE:
	    case EXEC_OMP_SECTIONS:
	    case EXEC_OMP_SINGLE:
	    case EXEC_OMP_WORKSHARE:
	    case EXEC_OMP_END_SINGLE:
	    case EXEC_OMP_TASK:
	      if (co->ext.omp_clauses)
		{
		  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.omp_clauses->if_expr);
		  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.omp_clauses->final_expr);
		  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.omp_clauses->num_threads);
		  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->ext.omp_clauses->chunk_size);
		}
	      break;
	    default:
	      break;
	    }

	  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr1);
	  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr2);
	  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr3);
	  WALK_SUBEXPR (co->expr4);
	  for (b = co->block; b; b = b->block)
	    {
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (b->expr1);
	      WALK_SUBEXPR (b->expr2);
	      WALK_SUBCODE (b->next);
	    }
	}
    }
  return 0;
}