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1 | '\" t |
2 | .\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source. | |
3 | .\" | |
4 | .\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992 | |
5 | .\" Parts Copyright (c) 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt (janl@ifi.uio.no), 1/1/95 | |
bc7ff20e | 6 | .\" and Copyright (c) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net> |
fea681da MK |
7 | .\" |
8 | .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this | |
9 | .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are | |
10 | .\" preserved on all copies. | |
11 | .\" | |
12 | .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
13 | .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the | |
14 | .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a | |
15 | .\" permission notice identical to this one. | |
c13182ef | 16 | .\" |
fea681da MK |
17 | .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this |
18 | .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no | |
19 | .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from | |
20 | .\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not | |
21 | .\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual, | |
22 | .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working | |
23 | .\" professionally. | |
c13182ef | 24 | .\" |
fea681da MK |
25 | .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by |
26 | .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work. | |
27 | .\" | |
28 | .\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> | |
29 | .\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu> | |
30 | .\" Modified 1995-05-18 by Todd Larason <jtl@molehill.org> | |
31 | .\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> | |
32 | .\" Modified 1995-01-09 by Richard Kettlewell <richard@greenend.org.uk> | |
33 | .\" Modified 1998-05-13 by Michael Haardt <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de> | |
34 | .\" Modified 1999-07-06 by aeb & Albert Cahalan | |
35 | .\" Modified 2000-01-07 by aeb | |
305a0578 | 36 | .\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net> |
bc7ff20e | 37 | .\" 2007-06-08 mtk: Added example program |
c13182ef | 38 | .\" |
bc7ff20e | 39 | .TH STAT 2 2007-06-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
fea681da MK |
40 | .SH NAME |
41 | stat, fstat, lstat \- get file status | |
42 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
43 | .B #include <sys/types.h> | |
44 | .br | |
45 | .B #include <sys/stat.h> | |
46 | .br | |
47 | .B #include <unistd.h> | |
48 | .sp | |
da2d9dad | 49 | .BI "int stat(const char *" path ", struct stat *" buf ); |
fea681da MK |
50 | .br |
51 | .BI "int fstat(int " filedes ", struct stat *" buf ); | |
52 | .br | |
da2d9dad | 53 | .BI "int lstat(const char *" path ", struct stat *" buf ); |
fea681da MK |
54 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
55 | .PP | |
da2d9dad MK |
56 | These functions return information about a file. |
57 | No permissions are required on the file itself, but \(em in the case of | |
58 | .BR stat () | |
c13182ef | 59 | and |
da2d9dad MK |
60 | .BR lstat () |
61 | \(em | |
62 | execute (search) permission is required on all of the directories in | |
63 | .I path | |
64 | that lead to the file. | |
fea681da | 65 | .PP |
da2d9dad | 66 | .BR stat () |
c13182ef | 67 | stats the file pointed to by |
da2d9dad | 68 | .I path |
fea681da MK |
69 | and fills in |
70 | .IR buf . | |
71 | ||
da2d9dad | 72 | .BR lstat () |
fea681da | 73 | is identical to |
da2d9dad MK |
74 | .BR stat (), |
75 | except that if | |
76 | .I path | |
77 | is a symbolic link, then the link itself is stat-ed, | |
fea681da MK |
78 | not the file that it refers to. |
79 | ||
da2d9dad | 80 | .BR fstat () |
fea681da | 81 | is identical to |
da2d9dad MK |
82 | .BR stat (), |
83 | except that the file to be stat-ed is specified by the file descriptor | |
84 | .IR filedes . | |
fea681da | 85 | .PP |
da2d9dad | 86 | All of these system calls return a |
fea681da MK |
87 | .I stat |
88 | structure, which contains the following fields: | |
89 | .PP | |
5ae873ff | 90 | .RS 0.25i |
fea681da MK |
91 | .nf |
92 | struct stat { | |
da2d9dad MK |
93 | dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */ |
94 | ino_t st_ino; /* inode number */ | |
5ae873ff MK |
95 | mode_t st_mode; /* protection */ |
96 | nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */ | |
97 | uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */ | |
98 | gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */ | |
da2d9dad | 99 | dev_t st_rdev; /* device ID (if special file) */ |
5ae873ff MK |
100 | off_t st_size; /* total size, in bytes */ |
101 | blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */ | |
102 | blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* number of blocks allocated */ | |
103 | time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */ | |
104 | time_t st_mtime; /* time of last modification */ | |
105 | time_t st_ctime; /* time of last status change */ | |
fea681da MK |
106 | }; |
107 | .fi | |
108 | .RE | |
109 | .PP | |
da2d9dad | 110 | The |
29de83af | 111 | .I st_dev |
da2d9dad MK |
112 | field describes the device on which this file resides. |
113 | ||
114 | The | |
115 | .I st_rdev | |
116 | field describes the device that this file (inode) represents. | |
117 | ||
118 | The | |
fea681da | 119 | .I st_size |
c13182ef MK |
120 | field gives the size of the file (if it is a regular |
121 | file or a symbolic link) in bytes. | |
da2d9dad | 122 | The size of a symlink is the length of the pathname |
28d88c17 | 123 | it contains, without a trailing null byte. |
fea681da | 124 | |
da2d9dad | 125 | The |
fea681da | 126 | .I st_blocks |
32f30015 | 127 | field indicates the number of blocks allocated to the file, 512-byte units. |
fea681da | 128 | (This may be smaller than |
eee0a2ec MK |
129 | .IR st_size /512 |
130 | when the file has holes.) | |
da2d9dad MK |
131 | |
132 | The | |
fea681da | 133 | .IR st_blksize |
da2d9dad | 134 | field gives the "preferred" blocksize for efficient file system I/O. |
fea681da MK |
135 | (Writing to a file in smaller chunks may cause |
136 | an inefficient read-modify-rewrite.) | |
137 | .PP | |
138 | Not all of the Linux filesystems implement all of the time fields. | |
139 | Some file system types allow mounting in such a way that file | |
140 | accesses do not cause an update of the | |
141 | .I st_atime | |
c13182ef MK |
142 | field. |
143 | (See `noatime' in | |
fea681da MK |
144 | .BR mount (8).) |
145 | ||
146 | The field | |
147 | .I st_atime | |
75b94dc3 | 148 | is changed by file accesses, for example, by |
fea681da MK |
149 | .BR execve (2), |
150 | .BR mknod (2), | |
151 | .BR pipe (2), | |
152 | .BR utime (2) | |
153 | and | |
154 | .BR read (2) | |
7c93fec0 MK |
155 | (of more than zero bytes). |
156 | Other routines, like | |
fea681da MK |
157 | .BR mmap (2), |
158 | may or may not update | |
159 | .IR st_atime . | |
160 | ||
161 | The field | |
162 | .I st_mtime | |
75b94dc3 | 163 | is changed by file modifications, for example, by |
fea681da MK |
164 | .BR mknod (2), |
165 | .BR truncate (2), | |
166 | .BR utime (2) | |
167 | and | |
168 | .BR write (2) | |
169 | (of more than zero bytes). | |
170 | Moreover, | |
171 | .I st_mtime | |
172 | of a directory is changed by the creation or deletion of files | |
173 | in that directory. | |
174 | The | |
175 | .I st_mtime | |
176 | field is | |
177 | .I not | |
178 | changed for changes in owner, group, hard link count, or mode. | |
179 | ||
180 | The field | |
181 | .I st_ctime | |
182 | is changed by writing or by setting inode information | |
183 | (i.e., owner, group, link count, mode, etc.). | |
184 | .PP | |
168df940 MK |
185 | The following POSIX macros are defined to check the file type using the |
186 | .I st_mode | |
187 | field: | |
fea681da MK |
188 | .RS |
189 | .TP 1.2i | |
c91e381d | 190 | .BR S_ISREG (m) |
fea681da MK |
191 | is it a regular file? |
192 | .TP | |
c91e381d | 193 | .BR S_ISDIR (m) |
fea681da MK |
194 | directory? |
195 | .TP | |
c91e381d | 196 | .BR S_ISCHR (m) |
fea681da MK |
197 | character device? |
198 | .TP | |
c91e381d | 199 | .BR S_ISBLK (m) |
fea681da MK |
200 | block device? |
201 | .TP | |
c91e381d | 202 | .BR S_ISFIFO (m) |
da2d9dad | 203 | FIFO (named pipe)? |
fea681da | 204 | .TP |
c91e381d | 205 | .BR S_ISLNK (m) |
fea681da MK |
206 | symbolic link? (Not in POSIX.1-1996.) |
207 | .TP | |
c91e381d | 208 | .BR S_ISSOCK (m) |
fea681da MK |
209 | socket? (Not in POSIX.1-1996.) |
210 | .RE | |
211 | .PP | |
212 | The following flags are defined for the | |
213 | .I st_mode | |
214 | field: | |
c91e381d | 215 | .RS |
fea681da | 216 | .TS |
c91e381d | 217 | lB l l. |
fea681da MK |
218 | S_IFMT 0170000 bitmask for the file type bitfields |
219 | S_IFSOCK 0140000 socket | |
220 | S_IFLNK 0120000 symbolic link | |
221 | S_IFREG 0100000 regular file | |
222 | S_IFBLK 0060000 block device | |
223 | S_IFDIR 0040000 directory | |
224 | S_IFCHR 0020000 character device | |
da2d9dad | 225 | S_IFIFO 0010000 FIFO |
fea681da | 226 | S_ISUID 0004000 set UID bit |
da2d9dad | 227 | S_ISGID 0002000 set-group-ID bit (see below) |
fea681da MK |
228 | S_ISVTX 0001000 sticky bit (see below) |
229 | S_IRWXU 00700 mask for file owner permissions | |
230 | S_IRUSR 00400 owner has read permission | |
231 | S_IWUSR 00200 owner has write permission | |
232 | S_IXUSR 00100 owner has execute permission | |
233 | S_IRWXG 00070 mask for group permissions | |
234 | S_IRGRP 00040 group has read permission | |
235 | S_IWGRP 00020 group has write permission | |
236 | S_IXGRP 00010 group has execute permission | |
237 | S_IRWXO 00007 mask for permissions for others (not in group) | |
238 | S_IROTH 00004 others have read permission | |
704a18f0 | 239 | S_IWOTH 00002 others have write permission |
fea681da MK |
240 | S_IXOTH 00001 others have execute permission |
241 | .TE | |
c91e381d | 242 | .RE |
fea681da | 243 | .P |
2f0af33b MK |
244 | The set-group-ID bit |
245 | .RB ( S_ISGID ) | |
246 | has several special uses. | |
fea681da MK |
247 | For a directory it indicates that BSD semantics is to be used |
248 | for that directory: files created there inherit their group ID from | |
249 | the directory, not from the effective group ID of the creating process, | |
2f0af33b MK |
250 | and directories created there will also get the |
251 | .B S_ISGID | |
252 | bit set. | |
66ee0c7e | 253 | For a file that does not have the group execution bit |
2f0af33b MK |
254 | .RB ( S_IXGRP ) |
255 | set, | |
da2d9dad | 256 | the set-group-ID bit indicates mandatory file/record locking. |
fea681da | 257 | .P |
2f0af33b MK |
258 | The `sticky' bit |
259 | .RB ( S_ISVTX ) | |
260 | on a directory means that a file | |
fea681da MK |
261 | in that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner |
262 | of the file, by the owner of the directory, and by a privileged | |
263 | process. | |
264 | .SH "RETURN VALUE" | |
c13182ef MK |
265 | On success, zero is returned. |
266 | On error, \-1 is returned, and | |
fea681da MK |
267 | .I errno |
268 | is set appropriately. | |
269 | .SH ERRORS | |
270 | .TP | |
271 | .B EACCES | |
272 | Search permission is denied for one of the directories | |
273 | in the path prefix of | |
da2d9dad | 274 | .IR path . |
fea681da | 275 | (See also |
ad7cc990 | 276 | .BR path_resolution (7).) |
fea681da MK |
277 | .TP |
278 | .B EBADF | |
279 | .I filedes | |
280 | is bad. | |
281 | .TP | |
282 | .B EFAULT | |
283 | Bad address. | |
284 | .TP | |
285 | .B ELOOP | |
286 | Too many symbolic links encountered while traversing the path. | |
287 | .TP | |
288 | .B ENAMETOOLONG | |
289 | File name too long. | |
290 | .TP | |
291 | .B ENOENT | |
292 | A component of the path | |
da2d9dad | 293 | .I path |
fea681da MK |
294 | does not exist, or the path is an empty string. |
295 | .TP | |
296 | .B ENOMEM | |
75b94dc3 | 297 | Out of memory (i.e., kernel memory). |
fea681da MK |
298 | .TP |
299 | .B ENOTDIR | |
300 | A component of the path is not a directory. | |
301 | .SH "CONFORMING TO" | |
a7fadb55 | 302 | These system calls conform to SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. |
97c1eac8 MK |
303 | .\" SVr4 documents additional |
304 | .\" .BR fstat () | |
305 | .\" error conditions EINTR, ENOLINK, and EOVERFLOW. SVr4 | |
306 | .\" documents additional | |
307 | .\" .BR stat () | |
308 | .\" and | |
309 | .\" .BR lstat () | |
310 | .\" error conditions EINTR, EMULTIHOP, ENOLINK, and EOVERFLOW. | |
311 | ||
fea681da MK |
312 | Use of the |
313 | .I st_blocks | |
314 | and | |
315 | .I st_blksize | |
c13182ef MK |
316 | fields may be less portable. |
317 | (They were introduced in BSD. | |
318 | The interpretation differs between systems, | |
319 | and possibly on a single system when NFS mounts are involved.) | |
fea681da | 320 | .LP |
c91e381d | 321 | POSIX does not describe the |
66ee0c7e MK |
322 | .BR S_IFMT , |
323 | .BR S_IFSOCK , | |
324 | .BR S_IFLNK , | |
325 | .BR S_IFREG , | |
c91e381d | 326 | .BR S_IFBLK , |
66ee0c7e MK |
327 | .BR S_IFDIR , |
328 | .BR S_IFCHR , | |
329 | .BR S_IFIFO , | |
c91e381d MK |
330 | .BR S_ISVTX |
331 | bits, but instead demands the use of | |
332 | the macros | |
333 | .BR S_ISDIR (), | |
334 | etc. | |
1274071a | 335 | The |
c91e381d | 336 | .BR S_ISLNK () |
1274071a | 337 | and |
c91e381d | 338 | .BR S_ISSOCK () |
1274071a | 339 | macros are not in |
97c1eac8 MK |
340 | POSIX.1-1996, but both are present in POSIX.1-2001; |
341 | the former is from SVID 4, the latter from SUSv2. | |
fea681da | 342 | .LP |
66ee0c7e MK |
343 | Unix V7 (and later systems) had |
344 | .BR S_IREAD , | |
345 | .BR S_IWRITE , | |
c91e381d MK |
346 | .BR S_IEXEC , |
347 | where POSIX | |
66ee0c7e MK |
348 | prescribes the synonyms |
349 | .BR S_IRUSR , | |
350 | .BR S_IWUSR , | |
c91e381d | 351 | .BR S_IXUSR . |
042bae96 | 352 | .SS "Other Systems" |
fea681da | 353 | Values that have been (or are) in use on various systems: |
fea681da MK |
354 | .TS |
355 | l l l l l. | |
356 | hex name ls octal description | |
357 | f000 S_IFMT 170000 mask for file type | |
358 | 0000 000000 SCO out-of-service inode, BSD unknown type | |
c91e381d MK |
359 | SVID-v2 and XPG2 have both 0 and 0100000 |
360 | for ordinary file | |
da2d9dad | 361 | 1000 S_IFIFO p| 010000 FIFO (named pipe) |
fea681da MK |
362 | 2000 S_IFCHR c 020000 character special (V7) |
363 | 3000 S_IFMPC 030000 multiplexed character special (V7) | |
364 | 4000 S_IFDIR d/ 040000 directory (V7) | |
365 | 5000 S_IFNAM 050000 XENIX named special file | |
c91e381d | 366 | with two subtypes, distinguished by \fIst_rdev\fP values 1, 2 |
fea681da MK |
367 | 0001 S_INSEM s 000001 XENIX semaphore subtype of IFNAM |
368 | 0002 S_INSHD m 000002 XENIX shared data subtype of IFNAM | |
369 | 6000 S_IFBLK b 060000 block special (V7) | |
370 | 7000 S_IFMPB 070000 multiplexed block special (V7) | |
371 | 8000 S_IFREG - 100000 regular (V7) | |
372 | 9000 S_IFCMP 110000 VxFS compressed | |
373 | 9000 S_IFNWK n 110000 network special (HP-UX) | |
374 | a000 S_IFLNK l@ 120000 symbolic link (BSD) | |
375 | b000 S_IFSHAD 130000 Solaris shadow inode for ACL (not seen by userspace) | |
376 | c000 S_IFSOCK s= 140000 socket (BSD; also "S_IFSOC" on VxFS) | |
377 | d000 S_IFDOOR D> 150000 Solaris door | |
378 | e000 S_IFWHT w% 160000 BSD whiteout (not used for inode) | |
fea681da MK |
379 | 0200 S_ISVTX 001000 `sticky bit': save swapped text even after use (V7) |
380 | reserved (SVID-v2) | |
381 | On non-directories: don't cache this file (SunOS) | |
382 | On directories: restricted deletion flag (SVID-v4.2) | |
c7400a2c | 383 | 0400 S_ISGID 002000 set-group-ID on execution (V7) |
c91e381d MK |
384 | for directories: use BSD semantics for |
385 | propagation of GID | |
da2d9dad MK |
386 | 0400 S_ENFMT 002000 SysV file locking enforcement (shared with S_ISGID) |
387 | 0800 S_ISUID 004000 set-user-ID on execution (V7) | |
fea681da MK |
388 | 0800 S_CDF 004000 directory is a context dependent file (HP-UX) |
389 | .TE | |
390 | ||
391 | A sticky command appeared in Version 32V AT&T UNIX. | |
2b2581ee MK |
392 | .SH NOTES |
393 | .SS Linux Notes | |
394 | Since kernel 2.5.48, the | |
395 | .I stat | |
396 | structure supports nanosecond resolution for the three | |
397 | file timestamp fields. | |
398 | Glibc exposes the nanosecond component of each field using names either | |
399 | of the form | |
400 | .IR st_atim.tv_nsec , | |
db4e96b7 MK |
401 | if the |
402 | .B _BSD_SOURCE | |
403 | or | |
404 | .B _SVID_SOURCE | |
405 | feature test macro is defined, | |
2b2581ee MK |
406 | or of the form |
407 | .IR st_atimensec , | |
408 | if neither of these macros is defined. | |
409 | On file systems that do not support sub-second timestamps, | |
410 | these nanosecond fields are returned with the value 0. | |
411 | ||
412 | For most files under the | |
413 | .I /proc | |
414 | directory, | |
415 | .BR stat () | |
416 | does not return the file size in the | |
417 | .I st_size | |
418 | field; instead the field is returned with the value 0. | |
b8f9d9dd MK |
419 | .SS Underlying kernel interface |
420 | Over time, increases in the size of the | |
421 | .I stat | |
422 | structure have led to three successive implementations of | |
423 | .BR stat (): | |
424 | .IR sys_stat () | |
425 | (slot | |
426 | .IR __NR_oldstat ), | |
427 | .IR sys_newstat () | |
428 | (slot | |
429 | .IR __NR_stat ), | |
430 | and | |
431 | .IR sys_stat64() | |
432 | (new in kernel 2.4; slot | |
d28a0b77 MK |
433 | .IR __NR_stat64 ). |
434 | The last of these is the most current, | |
435 | but the other interfaces must be maintained so that the | |
436 | behavior of old binaries does not change. | |
437 | The glibc | |
b8f9d9dd | 438 | .BR stat () |
d28a0b77 MK |
439 | wrapper function hides these details from applications, |
440 | ensuring that new binaries use the current implementation, | |
441 | and that binary compatability is not broken | |
442 | for older binaries. | |
b8f9d9dd MK |
443 | Similar remarks apply for |
444 | .BR fstat (2) | |
445 | and | |
446 | .BR lstat (2). | |
bc7ff20e | 447 | .SH EXAMPLE |
988db661 | 448 | The following program calls |
bc7ff20e MK |
449 | .BR stat (2) |
450 | and displays selected fields in the returned | |
451 | .I stat | |
452 | structure. | |
453 | .nf | |
454 | ||
455 | #include <sys/types.h> | |
456 | #include <sys/stat.h> | |
457 | #include <time.h> | |
458 | #include <stdio.h> | |
988db661 | 459 | #include <stdlib.h> |
bc7ff20e MK |
460 | |
461 | int | |
462 | main(int argc, char *argv[]) | |
463 | { | |
464 | struct stat sb; | |
465 | ||
466 | if (argc != 2) { | |
467 | fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\\n", argv[0]); | |
468 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
469 | } | |
470 | ||
29059a65 | 471 | if (stat(argv[1], &sb) == \-1) { |
bc7ff20e MK |
472 | perror("stat"); |
473 | exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
474 | } | |
475 | ||
476 | printf("File type: "); | |
477 | switch (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) { | |
478 | case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\\n"); break; | |
479 | case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\\n"); break; | |
480 | case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\\n"); break; | |
481 | case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO/pipe\\n"); break; | |
482 | case S_IFLNK: printf("symlink\\n"); break; | |
483 | case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\\n"); break; | |
484 | case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\\n"); break; | |
485 | default: printf("unknown?\\n"); break; | |
486 | } | |
487 | ||
29059a65 | 488 | printf("I\-node number: %ld\\n", (long) sb.st_ino); |
bc7ff20e | 489 | |
988db661 | 490 | printf("Mode: %lo (octal)\\n", |
bc7ff20e MK |
491 | (unsigned long) sb.st_mode); |
492 | ||
493 | printf("Link count: %ld\\n", (long) sb.st_nlink); | |
494 | printf("Ownership: UID=%ld GID=%ld\\n", | |
495 | (long) sb.st_uid, (long) sb.st_gid); | |
496 | ||
988db661 | 497 | printf("Preferred I/O block size: %ld bytes\\n", |
bc7ff20e | 498 | (long) sb.st_blksize); |
988db661 | 499 | printf("File size: %lld bytes\\n", |
bc7ff20e | 500 | (long long) sb.st_size); |
988db661 | 501 | printf("Blocks allocated: %lld\\n", |
bc7ff20e MK |
502 | (long long) sb.st_blocks); |
503 | ||
460e6363 | 504 | printf("Last inode change: %s", ctime(&sb.st_ctime)); |
bc7ff20e MK |
505 | printf("Last file access: %s", ctime(&sb.st_atime)); |
506 | printf("Last file modification: %s", ctime(&sb.st_mtime)); | |
507 | ||
508 | exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
509 | } | |
510 | .fi | |
fea681da | 511 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
7a5b4ffb | 512 | .BR access (2), |
fea681da MK |
513 | .BR chmod (2), |
514 | .BR chown (2), | |
956a6446 | 515 | .BR fstatat (2), |
fea681da MK |
516 | .BR readlink (2), |
517 | .BR utime (2), | |
518 | .BR capabilities (7) |