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12e41662 | 1 | .\" Copyright (C) 2006 Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@justinpryzby.com> |
c11b1abf | 2 | .\" and Copyright (C) 2006 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> |
12e41662 MK |
3 | .\" |
4 | .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining | |
5 | .\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the | |
6 | .\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including | |
7 | .\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, | |
8 | .\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to | |
9 | .\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to | |
10 | .\" the following conditions: | |
11 | .\" | |
12 | .\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be | |
13 | .\" included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. | |
14 | .\" | |
15 | .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, | |
16 | .\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF | |
17 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. | |
18 | .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY | |
19 | .\" CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, | |
20 | .\" TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE | |
21 | .\" SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. | |
22 | .\" | |
23 | .\" References: | |
24 | .\" /usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.1.1/include/stddef.h | |
25 | .\" glibc-doc | |
d7e02b73 | 26 | .TH OFFSETOF 3 2008-07-12 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
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27 | .SH NAME |
28 | offsetof \- offset of a structure member | |
29 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
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30 | .nf |
31 | .B #include <stddef.h> | |
32 | .sp | |
da8cb51e | 33 | .BI "size_t offsetof(" type ", " member ); |
495846d9 | 34 | .fi |
12e41662 | 35 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
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36 | The macro |
37 | .BR offsetof () | |
38 | returns the offset of the field | |
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39 | \fImember\fP from the start of the structure \fItype\fP. |
40 | ||
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41 | This macro is useful because the sizes of the fields that compose |
42 | a structure can vary across implementations, | |
43 | and compilers may insert different numbers of padding | |
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44 | bytes between fields. |
45 | Consequently, an element's offset is not necessarily | |
46 | given by the sum of the sizes of the previous elements. | |
47 | ||
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48 | A compiler error will result if |
49 | \fImember\fP is not aligned to a byte boundary | |
12e41662 | 50 | (i.e., it is a bit field). |
47297adb | 51 | .SH RETURN VALUE |
60a90ecd | 52 | .BR offsetof () |
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53 | returns the offset of the given |
54 | .I member | |
55 | within the given | |
56 | .IR type , | |
57 | in units of bytes. | |
47297adb | 58 | .SH CONFORMING TO |
2b2581ee | 59 | C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001. |
12e41662 | 60 | .SH EXAMPLE |
34ccb744 | 61 | On a Linux/i386 system, when compiled using the default |
60a90ecd | 62 | .BR gcc (1) |
e15f6322 | 63 | options, the program below produces the following output: |
624c0456 | 64 | .in +4n |
c8250206 | 65 | .nf |
e15f6322 | 66 | |
b43a3b30 | 67 | .RB "$" " ./a.out" |
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68 | offsets: i=0; c=4; d=8 a=16 |
69 | sizeof(struct s)=16 | |
c8250206 | 70 | .fi |
9c330504 | 71 | .SS Program source |
d84d0300 | 72 | \& |
624c0456 | 73 | .nf |
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74 | #include <stddef.h> |
75 | #include <stdio.h> | |
76 | #include <stdlib.h> | |
77 | ||
c13182ef | 78 | int |
cf0a9ace | 79 | main(void) |
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80 | { |
81 | struct s { | |
82 | int i; | |
83 | char c; | |
84 | double d; | |
e15f6322 | 85 | char a[]; |
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86 | }; |
87 | ||
e15f6322 | 88 | /* Output is compiler dependent */ |
c13182ef | 89 | |
12e41662 | 90 | printf("offsets: i=%ld; c=%ld; d=%ld a=%ld\\n", |
c13182ef | 91 | (long) offsetof(struct s, i), |
e15f6322 | 92 | (long) offsetof(struct s, c), |
c13182ef | 93 | (long) offsetof(struct s, d), |
e15f6322 | 94 | (long) offsetof(struct s, a)); |
12e41662 | 95 | printf("sizeof(struct s)=%ld\\n", (long) sizeof(struct s)); |
c13182ef | 96 | |
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97 | exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); |
98 | } | |
e15f6322 | 99 | .fi |