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1 | .\" Copyright 1996 Daniel Quinlan (Daniel.Quinlan@linux.org) |
2 | .\" | |
1dd72f9c | 3 | .\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL) |
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4 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
5 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
6 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
7 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
8 | .\" | |
9 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" | |
10 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
11 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
12 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
13 | .\" | |
14 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
15 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
16 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
17 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
18 | .\" | |
19 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | |
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20 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, see |
21 | .\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
6a8d8745 | 22 | .\" %%%LICENSE_END |
fea681da | 23 | .\" |
fbdc1844 | 24 | .\" 2007-12-14 mtk Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS. |
118d6caa | 25 | .\" |
09b8afdc | 26 | .TH FILESYSTEMS 5 2018-04-30 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
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27 | .nh |
28 | .SH NAME | |
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29 | filesystems \- Linux filesystem types: ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, hpfs, iso9660, |
30 | JFS, minix, msdos, ncpfs nfs, ntfs, proc, Reiserfs, smb, sysv, umsdos, vfat, | |
31 | XFS, xiafs, | |
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32 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
33 | When, as is customary, the | |
34 | .B proc | |
9ee4a2b6 | 35 | filesystem is mounted on |
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36 | .IR /proc , |
37 | you can find in the file | |
38 | .I /proc/filesystems | |
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39 | which filesystems your kernel currently supports; |
40 | see | |
41 | .BR proc (5) | |
42 | for more details. | |
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43 | There is also a legacy |
44 | .BR sysfs (2) | |
9bb777a1 | 45 | system call (whose availability is controlled by the |
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46 | .\" commit: 6af9f7bf3c399e0ab1eee048e13572c6d4e15fe9 |
47 | .B CONFIG_SYSFS_SYSCALL | |
48 | kernel build configuration option since Linux 3.15) | |
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49 | that enables enumeration of the currently available filesystem types |
50 | regardless of | |
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51 | .I /proc |
52 | availability and/or sanity. | |
2dad4c59 | 53 | .PP |
9bb777a1 | 54 | If you need a currently unsupported filesystem, insert the corresponding |
40520efc | 55 | kernel module or recompile the kernel. |
9bb777a1 | 56 | .PP |
9ee4a2b6 | 57 | In order to use a filesystem, you have to |
fea681da | 58 | .I mount |
fbdc1844 | 59 | it; see |
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60 | .BR mount (2) |
61 | and | |
fbdc1844 | 62 | .BR mount (8). |
2dad4c59 | 63 | .PP |
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64 | iThe following list provides a |
65 | short description of the available or historically available | |
f5d65b55 | 66 | filesystems in the Linux kernel. |
40520efc | 67 | See the kernel documentation for a comprehensive |
5bc93c9f | 68 | description of all options and limitations. |
fbdc1844 | 69 | .TP 10 |
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70 | .B ext |
71 | is an elaborate extension of the | |
72 | .B minix | |
9ee4a2b6 | 73 | filesystem. |
c13182ef | 74 | It has been completely superseded by the second version |
9ee4a2b6 | 75 | of the extended filesystem |
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76 | .RB ( ext2 ) |
77 | and has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21). | |
78 | .TP | |
79 | .B ext2 | |
9ee4a2b6 | 80 | is the high performance disk filesystem used by Linux for fixed disks |
fea681da | 81 | as well as removable media. |
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82 | The second extended filesystem was designed as an extension of the |
83 | extended filesystem | |
fea681da | 84 | .RB ( ext ). |
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85 | See |
86 | .BR ext2 (5). | |
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87 | .TP |
88 | .B ext3 | |
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89 | is a journaling version of the |
90 | .B ext2 | |
91 | filesystem. | |
c13182ef | 92 | It is easy to |
c2c247dc | 93 | switch back and forth between |
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94 | .B ext2 |
95 | and | |
96 | .BR ext3 . | |
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97 | See |
98 | .BR ext3 (5). | |
fea681da | 99 | .TP |
85c716cb | 100 | .B ext4 |
c2c247dc SA |
101 | is a set of upgrades to |
102 | .B ext3 | |
103 | including substantial performance and | |
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104 | reliability enhancements, |
105 | plus large increases in volume, file, and directory size limits. | |
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106 | See |
107 | .BR ext4 (5). | |
85c716cb | 108 | .TP |
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109 | .B hpfs |
110 | is the High Performance Filesystem, used in OS/2. | |
111 | This filesystem is | |
112 | read-only under Linux due to the lack of available documentation. | |
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113 | .TP |
114 | .B iso9660 | |
9ee4a2b6 | 115 | is a CD-ROM filesystem type conforming to the ISO 9660 standard. |
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116 | .RS |
117 | .TP | |
118 | .B "High Sierra" | |
119 | Linux supports High Sierra, the precursor to the ISO 9660 standard for | |
9ee4a2b6 | 120 | CD-ROM filesystems. |
c13182ef | 121 | It is automatically recognized within the |
fea681da | 122 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 123 | filesystem support under Linux. |
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124 | .TP |
125 | .B "Rock Ridge" | |
126 | Linux also supports the System Use Sharing Protocol records specified | |
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127 | by the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol. |
128 | They are used to further describe the files in the | |
fea681da | 129 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 130 | filesystem to a UNIX host, and provide information such as long |
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131 | filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and devices. |
132 | It is automatically recognized within the | |
fea681da | 133 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 134 | filesystem support under Linux. |
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135 | .RE |
136 | .TP | |
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137 | .B JFS |
138 | is a journaling filesystem, developed by IBM, | |
139 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.24. | |
fea681da | 140 | .TP |
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141 | .B minix |
142 | is the filesystem used in the Minix operating system, the first to run | |
143 | under Linux. | |
ee8655b5 | 144 | It has a number of shortcomings, including a 64\ MB partition size |
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145 | limit, short filenames, and a single timestamp. |
146 | It remains useful for floppies and RAM disks. | |
147 | .TP | |
148 | .B msdos | |
149 | is the filesystem used by DOS, Windows, and some OS/2 computers. | |
150 | .B msdos | |
151 | filenames can be no longer than 8 characters, followed by an | |
152 | optional period and 3 character extension. | |
153 | .TP | |
154 | .B ncpfs | |
155 | is a network filesystem that supports the NCP protocol, used by | |
156 | Novell NetWare. | |
bdd915e2 | 157 | .IP |
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158 | To use |
159 | .BR ncpfs , | |
160 | you need special programs, which can be found at | |
161 | .UR ftp://linux01.gwdg.de\:/pub\:/ncpfs | |
162 | .UE . | |
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163 | .TP |
164 | .B nfs | |
9ee4a2b6 | 165 | is the network filesystem used to access disks located on remote computers. |
fea681da | 166 | .TP |
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167 | .B ntfs |
168 | replaces Microsoft Window's FAT filesystems (VFAT, FAT32). | |
169 | It has reliability, performance, and space-utilization enhancements | |
170 | plus features like ACLs, journaling, encryption, and so on. | |
171 | .TP | |
172 | .B proc | |
173 | is a pseudo filesystem which is used as an interface to kernel data | |
174 | structures rather than reading and interpreting | |
175 | .IR /dev/kmem . | |
176 | In particular, its files do not take disk space. | |
177 | See | |
178 | .BR proc (5). | |
179 | .TP | |
180 | .B Reiserfs | |
181 | is a journaling filesystem, designed by Hans Reiser, | |
182 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.1. | |
183 | .TP | |
fea681da | 184 | .B smb |
9ee4a2b6 | 185 | is a network filesystem that supports the SMB protocol, used by |
fea681da | 186 | Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, and Lan Manager. |
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187 | See |
188 | .UR https://www.samba.org\:/samba\:/smbfs/ | |
608bf950 | 189 | .UE . |
fea681da | 190 | .TP |
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191 | .B sysv |
192 | is an implementation of the SystemV/Coherent filesystem for Linux. | |
193 | It implements all of Xenix FS, SystemV/386 FS, and Coherent FS. | |
194 | .TP | |
195 | .B umsdos | |
196 | is an extended DOS filesystem used by Linux. | |
197 | It adds capability for | |
198 | long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and special files | |
23fadc9b | 199 | (devices, named pipes, etc.) under the DOS filesystem, without |
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200 | sacrificing compatibility with DOS. |
201 | .TP | |
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202 | .B tmpfs |
203 | is a filesystem whose contents reside in virtual memory. | |
204 | Since the files on such filesystems typically reside in RAM, | |
205 | file access is extremely fast. | |
206 | See | |
207 | .BR tmpfs (5). | |
208 | .TP | |
ea36508a | 209 | .B vfat |
39352d91 | 210 | is an extended FAT filesystem used by Microsoft Windows95 and Windows NT. |
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211 | .B vfat |
212 | adds the capability to use long filenames under the MSDOS filesystem. | |
213 | .TP | |
214 | .B XFS | |
215 | is a journaling filesystem, developed by SGI, | |
216 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.20. | |
217 | .TP | |
218 | .B xiafs | |
219 | was designed and implemented to be a stable, safe filesystem by | |
220 | extending the Minix filesystem code. | |
221 | It provides the basic most | |
222 | requested features without undue complexity. | |
223 | The | |
224 | .B xiafs | |
225 | filesystem is no longer actively developed or maintained. | |
226 | It was removed from the kernel in 2.1.21. | |
47297adb | 227 | .SH SEE ALSO |
4675c4ed | 228 | .BR fuse (4), |
091771e9 | 229 | .BR btrfs (5), |
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230 | .BR ext2 (5), |
231 | .BR ext3 (5), | |
232 | .BR ext4 (5), | |
091771e9 | 233 | .BR nfs (5), |
fea681da | 234 | .BR proc (5), |
091771e9 | 235 | .BR tmpfs (5), |
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236 | .BR fsck (8), |
237 | .BR mkfs (8), | |
238 | .BR mount (8) |